Communication

850 relations: Abigail Doyle, Abiogenic petroleum origin, Activated carbon, Activation of cyclopropanes by transition metals, AD-mix, Adams' catalyst, Addition reaction, Aggregate (composite), AkzoNobel, Alberto Romão Dias, Alcohol, Aldehyde, Alexander Dianin, Alexandru Balaban, Aliphatic compound, Alkali metal, Alkane, Alken, Alkenal, Alkene, Alkene carboamination, Alkenyl peroxides, Alkenylsuccinic anhydrides, Alkyl, Alkyl cycloalkane, Alkylation, Alkylation unit, Alkylbenzene sulfonates, Alkylphenol, Alkyne, Allene, Allylamine, Allylic strain, ALOXE3, Alpha-olefin, Alpha-Phenylcinnamic acid, Alpha-Pinene, Aluminium, Amber, Ambre Energy, Amide, Amination, Amine, Amine oxide, Ammonium formate, Ammonium persulfate, Ammoxidation, Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase, Angeli–Rimini reaction, Annulation, ..., Annulyne, Antistatic agent, APAO, Asymmetric counteranion directed catalysis, Asymmetric hydrogenation, Asymmetric induction, Asymmetric ion-pairing catalysis, Asymmetric nucleophilic epoxidation, Atracurium besilate, Atropisomer, Auwers synthesis, Aviation fuel, Aza-Baylis–Hillman reaction, Aziridine, Azomethine ylide, Backbone chain, Baeyer–Emmerling indole synthesis, Baeyer–Villiger oxidation, Bamford–Stevens reaction, Banert cascade, Barbier–Wieland degradation, Bartoli indole synthesis, Barton–Kellogg reaction, Basketene, Bürgi–Dunitz angle, Bent metallocene, Benzene, Benzylideneacetone, Beta scission, Beta-Hydride elimination, Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid, Bicyclopropenyl, Birch reduction, Bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium(III) chloride, Blau gas, Bond length, Bond-dissociation energy, Boord olefin synthesis, Boron tribromide, BP, Bromine, Bromine azide, Bromine number, Bromine test, Bromine water, Brookhart's acid, Buckminsterfullerene, Burgess reagent, Butene, C. 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Tom Baker, Radialene, Radical polymerization, Ralph Landau, Raman spectroscopy, Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction, Raney nickel, Raspberry ketone, Rauhut–Currier reaction, Reactions of organocopper reagents, Reactivity–selectivity principle, Reductive dechlorination, Reductive dehalogenation of halo ketones, Regioselectivity, Relative volatility, Resonance (chemistry), Retro-Diels–Alder reaction, Rhenium, Rhodium, Rhodium(II) acetate, Rhodium(III) chloride, Richard F. Heck, Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis, Riley oxidation, Ring-closing metathesis, Ring-opening metathesis polymerisation, Ring-opening polymerization, Ritter reaction, Rose bengal, Roskamp reaction, RP-1, RPE65, Ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate, Ryōji Noyori, Saegusa–Ito oxidation, Sasol, Saturated and unsaturated compounds, Scaptotrigona postica, Schwartz's reagent, Schwarziana quadripunctata, Scorpionate ligand, Selenium monochloride, Selenoxide elimination, Shale oil, Shapiro reaction, Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, Sharpless epoxidation, Sharpless oxyamination, Shi epoxidation, Silenes, Silicon, Silver, Silver acetate, Silver nitrate, Silver(I) fluoride, Silyl hydride, Simmons–Smith reaction, Skeletal formula, SN1 reaction, SN2 reaction, Sodium tungstate, Soot, Sperm chemotaxis, Sperm guidance, Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, Spinning (polymers), Spirotryprostatin B, SSZ-13, Stanene, Star-shaped polymer, Staudinger synthesis, Stemodene, Sterculic acid, Stille reaction, Strain (chemistry), Structural isomer, Structural scheduling of synthetic cannabinoids, Strychnine total synthesis, Sulfenic acid, Sulfone, Sulfur dichloride, Sulfur monoxide, Sulfuryl chloride, Surflon S-111, Suzuki reaction, Swaminathan Sivaram, Syn and anti addition, Syngas to gasoline plus, Synthetic molecular motor, Synthetic oil, Takai olefination, Tantalum pentafluoride, Tebbe's reagent, Tetra-tert-butylethylene, Tetraazidomethane, Tetrafluoroethylene, Tetramethylurea, The Linde Group, Thioacetic acid, Thioenol, Thioester, Thioether, Thiol-ene reaction, Threonine ammonia-lyase, Tin, Titanium ethoxide, Titanocene pentasulfide, Tosoh, TPPTS, Trametes hirsuta, Trammo, Transition metal alkyl complexes, Transition metal fullerene complex, Transition state, Trevor Kletz, Tributylphosphine, Tricarbon, Triethylsilane, Trifluoroperacetic acid, Trimethylenemethane cycloaddition, Triphenyl phosphite, Triphenylphosphine, Tripropylene, Tris(acetylacetonato)iron(III), Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, Trivial name, Tropone, Truxillic acid, Tsuji–Trost reaction, Unburned hydrocarbon, Unsaturated hydrocarbon, Unsaturated monomer, Upjohn dihydroxylation, Uranium(III) chloride, Urushibara nickel, Vanadium pentafluoride, Vanadyl acetylacetonate, Versalis, Vinyl acetate, Vinyl group, Vinyl iodide functional group, Vinyl polymer, Vinylacetylene, Vitamin B12 total synthesis, Vladimir Markovnikov, Waggle dance, Wagner-Jauregg reaction, Walter Kaminsky, Wax ester, Weinreb ketone synthesis, Wender Taxol total synthesis, Wet processing engineering, Wilkinson's catalyst, William D. Emmons, William Summer Johnson, Williams Olefins Plant explosion, Wittig reaction, Woodward cis-hydroxylation, Woodward's rules, Woollins' reagent, Wrinkle-resistant fabric, Wurtz reaction, Xantphos, Xylocopa micans, ZACA reaction, Zaitsev's rule, Zeolite, Zethrene, Ziegler–Natta catalyst, Zinc chloride, Zinc–copper couple, Zirconium, (Benzene)chromium tricarbonyl, 1,1-Dichloroethene, 1,2-Dimethylcyclopropane, 1,2-Dimethyldiborane, 1,2-rearrangement, 1,3-Butadiene, 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition, 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane, 1,7-Octadiene, 1-Butene, 1-Dodecene, 1-Hexene, 1-Octene, 1.1.1-Propellane, 18-electron rule, 1827 in science, 2+2 photocycloaddition, 2,2'-Bis(2-indenyl) biphenyl, 2,2,5,5-Tetramethyltetrahydrofuran, 2,3-Dihydrothiophene, 2,3-sigmatropic rearrangement, 2,3-Wittig rearrangement, 2-Butene, 2-Methyl-2-butene, 2-Norbornyl cation, 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine, 4-Ipomeanol, 4-Methyl-1-pentene, 9-Borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane. Expand index (800 more) » « Shrink index

Abigail Doyle

Abigail Gutmann Doyle is the A. Barton Hepburn Professor of Chemistry at Princeton University.

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Abiogenic petroleum origin

Abiogenic petroleum origin is a term used to describe a number of different hypotheses which propose that petroleum and natural gas are formed by inorganic means rather than by the decomposition of organisms.

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Activated carbon

Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions.

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Activation of cyclopropanes by transition metals

In organometallic chemistry, the activation of cyclopropanes by transition metals is a research theme with implications for organic synthesis and homogeneous catalysis.

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AD-mix

In organic chemistry, AD-mix is a commercially available mixture of reagents that acts as an asymmetric catalyst for various chemical reactions, including the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation of alkenes.

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Adams' catalyst

Adams' catalyst, also known as platinum dioxide, is usually represented as platinum(IV) oxide hydrate, PtO2•H2O.

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Addition reaction

An addition reaction, in organic chemistry, is in its simplest terms an organic reaction where two or more molecules combine to form the larger one (the adduct).

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Aggregate (composite)

Aggregate is the component of a composite material that resists compressive stress and provides bulk to the composite material.

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AkzoNobel

Akzo Nobel N.V., trading as AkzoNobel, is a Dutch multinational company which creates paints and performance coatings and produces specialty chemicals for both industry and consumers worldwide.

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Alberto Romão Dias

Alberto Romão Dias (1941 – 15 July 2007) was a full professor of the Chemical and Biological Engineering Department at the Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) of the Technical University of Lisbon in Portugal.

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Alcohol

In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a carbon.

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Aldehyde

An aldehyde or alkanal is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure −CHO, consisting of a carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain.

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Alexander Dianin

Alexander Pavlovich Dianin (Александр Павлович Дианин; April 20, 1851 – December 6, 1918) was a Russian chemist from Saint Petersburg.

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Alexandru Balaban

Alexandru T. Balaban (born April 2, 1931) is a chemist who significantly contributed to the fields of organic chemistry, theoretical chemistry, mathematical chemistry, and chemical graph theory.

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Aliphatic compound

In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (G. aleiphar, fat, oil) also known as non-aromatic compounds.

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Alkali metal

The alkali metals are a group (column) in the periodic table consisting of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K),The symbols Na and K for sodium and potassium are derived from their Latin names, natrium and kalium; these are still the names for the elements in some languages, such as German and Russian.

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Alkane

In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon.

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Alken

Alken may refer to.

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Alkenal

An Alkenal, is an aldehyde of an alkene.

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Alkene

In organic chemistry, an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon–carbon double bond.

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Alkene carboamination

Alkene carboamination is the simultaneous formation of C–N and C–C bonds across an alkene.

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Alkenyl peroxides

Alkenyl peroxides are chemical substances bearing an alkene residue directly at the peroxide group.

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Alkenylsuccinic anhydrides

Alkenyl succinic anhydrides (ASA) are modified five-membered succinic anhydrides bearing a branched iso-alkenyl chain (C14 to C22).

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Alkyl

In organic chemistry, an alkyl substituent is an alkane missing one hydrogen.

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Alkyl cycloalkane

Alkyl cycloalkanes are chemical compounds with an alkyl group with a single ring of carbons to which hydrogens are attached according to the formula They are named analogously to their normal alkane counterpart of the same carbon count: methylcyclopropane, methylcyclobutane, methylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane, etc.

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Alkylation

Alkylation is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another.

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Alkylation unit

An alkylation unit is one of the conversion processes used in petroleum refineries.

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Alkylbenzene sulfonates

Alkylbenzene sulfonates are a class of anionic surfactants, consisting of a hydrophilic sulfonate head-group and a hydrophobic alkylbenzene tail-group.

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Alkylphenol

Alkylphenols are a family of organic compounds obtained by the alkylation of phenols.

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Alkyne

In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond.

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Allene

An allene is a compound in which one carbon atom has double bonds with each of its two adjacent carbon centres.

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Allylamine

Allylamine is an organic compound with the formula C3H5NH2.

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Allylic strain

Allylic strain in an olefin. Allylic strain (also known as A1,3 strain, 1,3-allylic strain, or A-strain) in organic chemistry is a type of strain energy resulting from the interaction between a substituent on one end of an olefin with an allylic substituent on the other end.

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ALOXE3

Epidermis-type lipoxygenase 3 (ALOXE3 or eLOX3) is a member of the lipoxygenase family of enzymes; in humans, it is encoded by the ALOXE3 gene.

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Alpha-olefin

Alpha-olefins (or α-olefins) are a family of organic compounds which are alkenes (also known as olefins) with a chemical formula CxH2x, distinguished by having a double bond at the primary or alpha (α) position.

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Alpha-Phenylcinnamic acid

α-Phenylcinnamic acid is a phenylpropanoid, or, more specifically, a derivative of cinnamic acid.

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Alpha-Pinene

α-Pinene is an organic compound of the terpene class, one of two isomers of pinene.

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Aluminium

Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13.

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Amber

Amber is fossilized tree resin, which has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times.

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Ambre Energy

Ambre Energy Limited is an Australian coal and oil shale company.

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Amide

An amide (or or), also known as an acid amide, is a compound with the functional group RnE(O)xNR′2 (R and R′ refer to H or organic groups).

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Amination

Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule.

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Amine

In organic chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.

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Amine oxide

An amine oxide, also known as amine-N-oxide and N-oxide, is a chemical compound that contains the functional group R3N+−O−, an N−O coordinate covalent bond with three additional hydrogen and/or hydrocarbon side chains attached to N. Sometimes it is written as R3N→O or, wrongly, as R3N.

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Ammonium formate

Ammonium formate, NH4HCO2, is the ammonium salt of formic acid.

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Ammonium persulfate

Ammonium persulfate (APS) is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2S2O8.

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Ammoxidation

In chemistry, ammoxidation is an industrial process for the production of nitriles using ammonia and oxygen.

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Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase

In enzymology, an amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate, and two products, amorpha-4,11-diene and diphosphate.

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Angeli–Rimini reaction

The Angeli–Rimini reaction is an organic reaction between an aldehyde and the sulfonamide N-hydroxybenzenesulfonamide in presence of base forming an hydroxamic acid.

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Annulation

In organic chemistry annulation (from the Latin anellus for "little ring"; occasionally annelation) is a chemical reaction in which a new ring is constructed on a molecule.

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Annulyne

Annulynes or 1,2-didehydroannulenes are conjugated monocyclic hydrocarbons with alternating alkene bonds in addition to at least one alkyne bond.

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Antistatic agent

An antistatic agent is a compound used for treatment of materials or their surfaces in order to reduce or eliminate buildup of static electricity.

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APAO

Amorphous Poly-alpha-olefins (APAO) are produced by (co-) polymerisation of α-olefins, e.g. propylene or 1-butene with Ziegler-Natta catalysts.

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Asymmetric counteranion directed catalysis

Asymmetric counteranion directed catalysis (ACDC) or chiral anion catalysis in enantioselective synthesis is the "induction of enantioselectivity in a reaction proceeding through a cationic intermediate by means of ion pairing with a chiral, enantiomerically pure anion provided by the catalyst".

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Asymmetric hydrogenation

Asymmetric hydrogenation is a chemical reaction that adds two atoms of hydrogen preferentially to one of two faces of an unsaturated substrate molecule, such as an alkene or ketone.

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Asymmetric induction

Asymmetric induction (also enantioinduction) in stereochemistry describes the preferential formation in a chemical reaction of one enantiomer or diastereoisomer over the other as a result of the influence of a chiral feature present in the substrate, reagent, catalyst or environment.

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Asymmetric ion-pairing catalysis

Asymmetric ion-pairing catalysis in chemistry is a type of asymmetric catalysis taking place specifically with charged intermediates or charged reagents.

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Asymmetric nucleophilic epoxidation

Nucleophilic epoxidation is the formation of epoxides from electron-deficient double bonds through the action of nucleophilic oxidants.

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Atracurium besilate

Atracurium besilate, also known as atracurium besylate, is a medication used in addition to other medications to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.

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Atropisomer

Atropisomers are stereoisomers arising because of hindered rotation about a single bond, where energy differences due to steric strain or other contributors create a barrier to rotation that is high enough to allow for isolation of individual conformers.

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Auwers synthesis

The Auwers synthesis is a series of organic reactions forming a flavonol from a coumarone.

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Aviation fuel

Aviation fuel is a specialized type of petroleum-based fuel used to power aircraft.

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Aza-Baylis–Hillman reaction

The aza-Baylis–Hillman reaction or aza-BH reaction in organic chemistry is a variation of the Baylis–Hillman reaction and describes the reaction of an electron deficient alkene usually an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound with an imine in the presence of a nucleophile.

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Aziridine

Aziridines are organic compounds containing the aziridine functional group, a three-membered heterocycle with one amine group (-NH-) and two methylene bridges (--). The parent compound is aziridine (or ethylene imine), with molecular formula.

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Azomethine ylide

Azomethine ylides are nitrogen-based 1,3-dipoles, consisting of an iminium ion next to a carbanion.

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Backbone chain

In polymer science, the backbone chain of a polymer is the longest series of covalently bonded atoms that together create the continuous chain of the molecule.

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Baeyer–Emmerling indole synthesis

The Baeyer–Emmerling indole synthesis is a method for synthesizing indole from a (substituted) ortho-nitrocinnamic acid and iron powder in strongly basic solution.

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Baeyer–Villiger oxidation

The Baeyer–Villiger oxidation is an organic reaction that forms an ester from a ketone or a lactone from a cyclic ketone, using peroxyacids or peroxides as the oxidant.

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Bamford–Stevens reaction

The Bamford–Stevens reaction is a chemical reaction whereby treatment of tosylhydrazones with strong base gives alkenes.

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Banert cascade

The Banert cascade is an organic reaction in which an NH-1,2,3-triazole is prepared from a propargyl halide or sulfate and sodium azide in a dioxane- water mixture at elevated temperatures.

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Barbier–Wieland degradation

The Barbier–Wieland degradation is a procedure for shortening the carbon chain of a carboxylic acid by one carbon.

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Bartoli indole synthesis

The Bartoli indole synthesis (also called the Bartoli reaction) is the chemical reaction of ortho-substituted nitroarenes with vinyl Grignard reagents to form substituted indoles.

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Barton–Kellogg reaction

The Barton–Kellogg reaction is a coupling reaction between a diazo compound and a thioketone through an episulfide intermediate forming an alkene.

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Basketene

Basketene (IUPAC name: pentacyclodec-9-ene) is an organic compound with the formula C10H10.

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Bürgi–Dunitz angle

The Bürgi–Dunitz angle (BD angle) is one of two angles that fully define the geometry of "attack" (approach via collision) of a nucleophile on a trigonal unsaturated center in a molecule, originally the carbonyl center in an organic ketone, but now extending to aldehyde, ester, and amide carbonyls, and to alkenes (olefins) as well.

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Bent metallocene

In organometallic chemistry, bent metallocenes are a subset of metallocenes.

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Benzene

Benzene is an important organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H6.

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Benzylideneacetone

Benzylideneacetone is the organic compound described by the formula C6H5CH.

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Beta scission

Beta scission is an important reaction in the chemistry of thermal cracking of hydrocarbons and the formation of free radicals.

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Beta-Hydride elimination

β-Hydride elimination is a reaction in which an alkyl group bonded to a metal centre is converted into the corresponding metal-bonded hydride and an alkene.

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Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid

β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB), otherwise known as its conjugate base,, is a naturally produced substance in humans that is used as a dietary supplement and as an ingredient in certain medical foods that are intended to promote wound healing and provide nutritional support for people with muscle wasting due to cancer or HIV/AIDS.

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Bicyclopropenyl

Bicyclopropenyl (bicycloprop-2-enyl, C6H6) is an organic compound and one of several valence isomers of benzene.

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Birch reduction

The Birch reduction is an organic reaction which is particularly useful in synthetic organic chemistry.

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Bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium(III) chloride

Bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium(III) chloride, also known as the Nugent–RajanBabu reagent, is the organotitanium compound which exists as a dimer with the formula 2.

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Blau gas

Blau gas (Blaugas) was an artificial illuminating gas similar to propane, named after its inventor, Hermann Blau of Augsburg, Germany.

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Bond length

In molecular geometry, bond length or bond distance is the average distance between nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule.

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Bond-dissociation energy

Bond-dissociation energy (BDE or D0) is one measure of the strength of a chemical bond.

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Boord olefin synthesis

The Boord olefin synthesis is an organic reaction forming alkenes from ethers carrying a halogen atom 2 carbons removed from the oxygen atom (β-halo-ethers) using a metal such as magnesium or zinc.

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Boron tribromide

Boron tribromide, BBr3, is a colorless, fuming liquid compound containing boron and bromine.

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BP

BP plc (stylised as bp), formerly British Petroleum, is a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in London, England.

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Bromine

Bromine is a chemical element with symbol Br and atomic number 35.

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Bromine azide

Bromine azide is an explosive inorganic compound with the formula BrN3.

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Bromine number

Bromine number is the amount of bromine in grams absorbed by of a sample.

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Bromine test

In organic chemistry, the bromine test is a qualitative test for the presence of unsaturation (carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds) and phenols.

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Bromine water

Bromine water is a highly oxidizing intense yellow to red mixture containing diatomic bromine (Br2) dissolved in water (H2O).

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Brookhart's acid

Brookhart's acid is the salt of the diethyl ether oxonium ion and tetrakis3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylborate (BAr’4).

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Buckminsterfullerene

Buckminsterfullerene is a type of fullerene with the formula C60.

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Burgess reagent

The Burgess reagent (methyl N-(triethylammoniumsulfonyl)carbamate) is a mild and selective dehydrating reagent often used in organic chemistry.

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Butene

Butene, also known as butylene, is a series of alkenes with the general formula C4H8.

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C. Robin Ganellin

Charon Robin Ganellin FRS (25 January 1934 –) is a British born medicinal chemist, and Emeritus Smith Kline and French Professor of Medicinal Chemistry, at University College London.

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C5H10

C5H10 is the molecular formula of 13 hydrocarbon isomers (represented by their CAS numbers on the chart).

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Caesium

Caesium (British spelling and IUPAC spelling) or cesium (American spelling) is a chemical element with symbol Cs and atomic number 55.

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Captodative effect

The captodative effect is the stabilization of radicals by a synergistic effect of an electron-withdrawing substituent and an electron-donating substituent.

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Carbene

In chemistry, a carbene is a molecule containing a neutral carbon atom with a valence of two and two unshared valence electrons.

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Carbene dimerization

Carbene dimerization is a type of organic reaction in which two carbene or carbenoid precursors react in a formal dimerization to an alkene.

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Carbenoid

In chemistry a carbenoid is a reactive intermediate that shares reaction characteristics with a carbene.

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Carboalkoxylation

In industrial chemistry, carboalkoxylation is a process for converting alkenes to esters.

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Carbocatalysis

Carbocatalysis is a form of catalysis that uses heterogeneous carbon materials for the transformation or synthesis of organic or inorganic substrates.

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Carbometalation

Carbometalation (less often carbometallation) is an organometallic reaction involving the insertion of alkenes and alkynes into a metal-carbon bond.

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Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.

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Carbon–carbon bond

A carbon–carbon bond is a covalent bond between two carbon atoms.

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Carbon–hydrogen bond

The carbon-hydrogen bond (C–H bond) is a bond between carbon and hydrogen atoms that can be found in many organic compounds.

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Carbonyl alpha-substitution reactions

Alpha-substitution reactions occur at the position next to the carbonyl group, the α-position, and involve the substitution of an α hydrogen atom by an electrophile, E, through either an enol or enolate ion intermediate.

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Carbonyl group

In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C.

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Carbonylation

Carbonylation refers to reactions that introduce carbon monoxide into organic and inorganic substrates.

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Carboxylic acid

A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(.

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Carcinogen

A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis, the formation of cancer.

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Carl Shipp Marvel

Carl Shipp "Speed" Marvel (September 11, 1894 – January 4, 1988) has been considered "one of the world's outstanding organic chemists." Throughout his career, almost no area of polymer chemistry escaped his interest.

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Carpanone

Carpanone is a naturally occurring lignan-type natural product most widely known for the remarkably complex way nature prepares it, and the similarly remarkable success that an early chemistry group, that of Orville L. Chapman, had at mimicking nature's pathway.

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Caryophyllene

Caryophyllene, or (&minus)-β-caryophyllene, is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of many essential oils, especially clove oil, the oil from the stems and flowers of Syzygium aromaticum (cloves), the essential oil of Cannabis sativa, rosemary, and hops.

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Catalysis

Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalysthttp://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly.

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Catalytic reforming

Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert petroleum refinery naphthas distilled from crude oil (typically having low octane ratings) into high-octane liquid products called reformates, which are premium blending stocks for high-octane gasoline.

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Catellani reaction

The Catellani reaction was discovered by Marta Catellani (Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy) and co-workers in 1997.

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Catenane

A catenane is a mechanically-interlocked molecular architecture consisting of two or more interlocked macrocycles, i.e. a molecule contaning two or more interwined rings.

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Catenation

In chemistry, catenation is the bonding of atoms of the same element into a series, called a chain.

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Cationic polymerization

Cationic polymerization is a type of chain growth polymerization in which a cationic initiator transfers charge to a monomer which then becomes reactive.

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Ceric ammonium nitrate

Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6.

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Chain walking

In polymer chemistry, chain walking or chain running is a mechanism that operates during some alkene polymerization reactions.

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Chain-growth polymerization

Chain-growth polymerization or chain polymerization (IUPAC recommended term) is a polymerization mechanism in which monomer molecules add onto the active site of a growing polymer chain one at a time.

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Charles Allen Thomas

Charles Allen Thomas (February 15, 1900 – March 29, 1982) was a noted American chemist and businessman, and an important figure in the Manhattan Project.

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Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.

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Chemical shift

In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the chemical shift is the resonant frequency of a nucleus relative to a standard in a magnetic field.

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Chemisorption

Chemisorption is a kind of adsorption which involves a chemical reaction between the surface and the adsorbate.

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Chiral Lewis acid

Chiral Lewis acids (CLAs) are a type of Lewis acid catalyst that effects the chirality of the substrate as it reacts with it.

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Chlorine nitrate

Chlorine nitrate, with chemical formula ClNO3 is an important atmospheric gas present in the stratosphere.

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Chloroform

Chloroform, or trichloromethane, is an organic compound with formula CHCl3.

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Chlorosulfolipid

Chlorosulfolipids are a class of naturally occurring molecules that are characterized as being stereochemically complex.

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Cholesterol total synthesis

Cholesterol total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule cholesterol and is considered a great scientific achievement.

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Chromyl chloride

Chromyl chloride is a chemical compound with the formula CrO2Cl2.

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Chugaev elimination

The Chugaev elimination is a chemical reaction that involves the elimination of water from alcohols to produce alkenes.

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Cis–trans isomerism

Cis–trans isomerism, also known as geometric isomerism or configurational isomerism, is a term used in organic chemistry.

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Cluster chemistry

In chemistry, a cluster is an ensemble of bound atoms or molecules that is intermediate in size between a molecule and a bulk solid.

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Coal

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.

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Coal liquefaction

Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and petrochemicals.

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Cobalt

Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27.

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Compounds of fluorine

Fluorine forms a great variety of chemical compounds, within which it almost always adopts an oxidation state of −1.

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Concurrent tandem catalysis

Concurrent tandem catalysis (CTC) is a technique in chemistry which uses multiple catalysts on a single molecule in a one-pot reaction to produce a product otherwise not accessible by a single catalyst.

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Continuous distillation

Continuous distillation, a form of distillation, is an ongoing separation in which a mixture is continuously (without interruption) fed into the process and separated fractions are removed continuously as output streams.

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Coordination complex

In chemistry, a coordination complex consists of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.

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Coordination number

In chemistry, crystallography, and materials science the coordination number, also called ligancy, of a central atom in a molecule or crystal is the number of atoms, molecules or ions bonded to it.

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Cope reaction

The Cope reaction or Cope elimination, developed by Arthur C. Cope, is an elimination reaction of the N-oxide of a tertiary amine to form an alkene and a hydroxylamine.

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Copper

Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.

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Copper(I) chloride

Copper(I) chloride, commonly called cuprous chloride, is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl.

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Copper(II) chloride

Copper(II) chloride is the chemical compound with the chemical formula CuCl2.

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Corey–House synthesis

The Corey–House synthesis (also called the Corey–Posner–Whitesides–House reaction and other permutations) is an organic reaction that involves the reaction of a lithium diorganylcuprate (R2CuLi) with an organyl (pseudo)halide (R'X) to form a new alkane, as well as an ill-defined organocopper species and lithium halide as byproducts.

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Corey–Winter olefin synthesis

The Corey–Winter olefin synthesis is a series of chemical reactions for converting 1,2-diols into olefins.

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Cossee–Arlman mechanism

The Cossee–Arlman mechanism in polymer chemistry is the main pathway for the formation of C–C bonds in the polymerization of alkenes.

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Coupling reaction

A coupling reaction in organic chemistry is a general term for a variety of reactions where two hydrocarbon fragments are coupled with the aid of a metal catalyst.

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Cracking (chemistry)

In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or long-chain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors.

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Crochet

Not to be confused with Crotchet, the common name for a Quarter note in music. Crochet is a process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials using a crochet hook.

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Cubane

Cubane (C8H8) is a synthetic hydrocarbon molecule that consists of eight carbon atoms arranged at the corners of a cube, with one hydrogen atom attached to each carbon atom.

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Cumulene

A cumulene is a hydrocarbon with three or more cumulative (consecutive) double bonds.

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Curacin A

Curacin A is a hybrid polyketide synthase (PKS)/nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) derived natural product produced isolated from the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula.

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Cutan (polymer)

Cutan is one of two biopolymers which occur in the cuticle of some plants.

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Cyanocobalamin

Cyanocobalamin is a synthetic form of 12.

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Cycle oil

Cycle oil is a light lubricating oil suited for use on bicycles and similar devices.

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Cycloaddition

A cycloaddition is a pericyclic chemical reaction, in which "two or more unsaturated molecules (or parts of the same molecule) combine with the formation of a cyclic adduct in which there is a net reduction of the bond multiplicity." The resulting reaction is a cyclization reaction.

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Cycloalkane

In organic chemistry, the cycloalkanes (also called naphthenes, but distinct from naphthalene) are the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons.

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Cycloalkene

A cycloalkene or cycloolefin is a type of alkene hydrocarbon which contains a closed ring of carbon atoms, but has no aromatic character.

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Cyclododecatriene

Cyclododecatrienes are cyclic trienes with the formula C12H18.

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Cyclohexenone

Cyclohexenone is an organic compound which is a versatile intermediate used in the synthesis of a variety of chemical products such as pharmaceuticals and fragrances.

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Cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl dimer

Cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl dimer is an organometallic compound with the formula (η5-C5H5)2Fe2(CO)4, also abbreviated Cp2Fe2(CO)4.

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Cyclopentenone

2-Cyclopentenone is a ketone with chemical formula 56 and CAS number 930-30-3.

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Cyclophane

A cyclophane is a hydrocarbon consisting of an aromatic unit (typically a benzene ring) and an aliphatic chain that forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of the aromatic ring.

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Cyclopropane

Cyclopropane is a cycloalkane molecule with the molecular formula C3H6, consisting of three carbon atoms linked to each other to form a ring, with each carbon atom bearing two hydrogen atoms resulting in D3h molecular symmetry.

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Cyclopropane fatty acid

Cyclopropane fatty acids (CPA) are a subgroup of fatty acids that contain a cyclopropane group.

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Cyclopropene

Cyclopropene is an organic compound with the formula 34.

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CYP2C18

Cytochrome P450 2C18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP2C18 gene.

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CYP2C19

Cytochrome P450 2C19 (abbreviated CYP2C19) is an enzyme.

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CYP2C8

Cytochrome P4502C8 (abbreviated CYP2C8), a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body.

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CYP2C9

Cytochrome P450 2C9 (abbreviated CYP2C9) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2C9 gene.

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Cytochrome P450 engineering

This article covers protein engineering of cytochrome (CYP) P450 enzymes.

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Danishefsky Taxol total synthesis

The Danishefsky Taxol total synthesis in organic chemistry is an important third Taxol synthesis published by the group of Samuel Danishefsky in 1996 two years after the first two efforts described in the Holton Taxol total synthesis and the Nicolaou Taxol total synthesis.

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Danishefsky's diene

Danishefsky’s diene (Kitahara diene) is an organosilicon compound and a diene with the formal name trans-1-methoxy-3-trimethylsilyloxy-1,3-butadiene named after Samuel J. Danishefsky.

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Decene

Decene is an alkene with the formula.

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Dehydration reaction

In chemistry and the biological sciences, a dehydration reaction, also known as Zimmer's hydrogenesis, is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of a water molecule from the reacting molecule.

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Dehydrogenation

Dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the removal of hydrogen from an organic molecule.

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Dehydrogenation of amine-boranes

Dehydrogenation of amine-boranes or dehydrocoupling of amine-boranes is a chemical process in main group and organometallic chemistry wherein dihydrogen is released by the coupling of two or more amine-borane adducts.

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DeMayo reaction

The DeMayo reaction is a photochemical reaction in which the enol of a 1,3-diketone reacts with an alkene (or another species with a C.

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Dendralene

A dendralene is a discrete acyclic cross-conjugated polyene.

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Deoxydehydration

Deoxydehydration (DODH) is a chemical reaction for removing two adjacent hydroxyl groups in a vicinal diol to form an alkene.

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Deoxygenation

Deoxygenation is a chemical reaction involving the removal of oxygen atoms from a molecule.

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Desoxymethyltestosterone

Desoxymethyltestosterone (DMT), known by the nicknames Madol and Pheraplex, is a synthetic and orally active anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) and a 17α-methylated derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) which was never marketed for medical use.

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Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans

Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, sulfate-reducing and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Desulfatibacillum which has been isolated from marine sediments from the Gulf of Fos in France.

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Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans

Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans is an alkene-degrading, sulfate-reducing, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Desulfatibacillum which has been isolated from oil polluted sediments in France.

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Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans AK-01

Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans AK-01 is a specific strain of Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans.

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Desulfatiferula berrensis

Desulfatiferula berrensis is a Gram-negative, alkene-degrading, sulfate-reducing and motile bacterium from the genus of Desulfatiferula which has been isolated from oil-polluted sediments from Berre Lagoon in France.

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Desulfatiferula olefinivorans

Desulfatiferula olefinivorans is a Gram-negative, sulfate-reducing, long-chain alkene-degrading and motile bacterium from the genus of Desulfatiferula which has been isolated from oil-polluted sediments from Berre Lagoon in France.

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Development of analogs of thalidomide

The development of analogs of thalidomide was precipitated by the discovery of the anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of the drug yielding a new way of fighting cancer as well as some inflammatory diseases after it had been banned in 1961.

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Dewar benzene

Dewar benzene or bicyclohexa-2,5-diene is a bicyclic isomer of benzene with the molecular formula C6H6.

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Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson model

The Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson model is a model in organometallic chemistry that explains the type of chemical bonding between an alkene and a metal (pi-complex) in certain organometallic compounds.

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Diaminomaleonitrile

Diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN) is an organic compound composed of two amino groups and two nitrile groups bonded to a central alkene unit.

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Diarylethene

In chemistry, diarylethene is the general name of a class of compounds that have aromatic groups bonded to each end of a carbon–carbon double bond.

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Diatomic carbon

Diatomic carbon (systematically named ethenediylidene and dicarbon(C—C)), also called dicarbon, is an inorganic chemical with the chemical formula C.

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Diazo

Diazo refers to a type of organic compound called diazo compound that has two linked nitrogen atoms (azo) as a terminal functional group.

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Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition

The Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (an organic reaction) between a 1,3-dipole diazo compound (notably diazomethane) and a dipolarophile.

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Diborane

Diborane is the chemical compound consisting of boron and hydrogen with the formula B2H6.

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Dicarbonyltris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(0)

Dicarbonyltris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(0) or Roper's complex is a ruthenium metal carbonyl.

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Dichlorine heptoxide

Dichlorine heptoxide is the chemical compound with the formula Cl2O7.

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Dichlorine monoxide

Dichlorine monoxide, is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula Cl2O.

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Dichloro(1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane)nickel

Dichloronickel a coordination complex with the formula NiCl2(dppp); where dppp is the diphosphine 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane.

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Dichlorocarbene

Dichlorocarbene is the reactive intermediate with chemical formula CCl2.

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Dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II)

Dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) is a coordination complex of ruthenium.

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Dicobalt octacarbonyl

Dicobalt octacarbonyl is the inorganic compound Co2(CO)8.

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Diels–Alder reaction

The Diels–Alder reaction is an organic chemical reaction (specifically, a cycloaddition) between a conjugated diene and a substituted alkene, commonly termed the dienophile, to form a substituted cyclohexene derivative.

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Diethyl azodicarboxylate

Diethyl azodicarboxylate, conventionally abbreviated as DEAD and sometimes as DEADCAT, is an organic compound with the structural formula CH3CH2O2CN.

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Diethyl oxomalonate

Diethyl oxomalonate is the diethyl ester of mesoxalic acid (ketomalonic acid), the simplest oxodicarboxylic acid and thus the first member (n.

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Diethylzinc

Diethylzinc (C2H5)2Zn, or DEZ, is a highly pyrophoric and reactive organozinc compound consisting of a zinc center bound to two ethyl groups.

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Difluoroamino sulfur pentafluoride

Difluoroamino sulfur pentafluoride is a gaseous chemical compound of fluorine, sulfur, and nitrogen.

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Dihydroxylation

Dihydroxylation is the process by which an alkene is converted into a vicinal diol.

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Diisobutylaluminium hydride

Diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBALH, DIBAL, DIBAL-H or DIBAH) is a reducing agent with the formula (i-Bu2AlH)2, where i-Bu represents isobutyl (-CH2CH(CH3)2).

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Dimethyl sulfide

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) or methylthiomethane is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2S.

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Dimethylformamide

Dimethylformamide is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NC(O)H.

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Diol

A diol or glycol is a chemical compound containing two hydroxyl groups (−OH groups).

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Diphenyl diselenide

Diphenyl diselenide is the chemical compound with the formula (C6H5)2Se2, abbreviated Ph2Se2 This orange-coloured solid is the oxidized derivative of benzeneselenol.

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Diphenyl disulfide

Diphenyl disulfide is the chemical compound with the formula (C6H5S)2.

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Diphosphorus tetraiodide

Diphosphorus tetraiodide is an orange crystalline solid with the formula P2I4.

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Discodermolide

(+)-Discodermolide is a polyketide natural product found to stabilize microtubule.

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Discovery and development of antiandrogens

This article is about the discovery and development of antiandrogens, or androgen receptor (AR) antagonists.

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Disiamylborane

Disiamylborane (bis(1,2-dimethylpropyl)borane) is an organoborane used in organic synthesis.

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Dodecahedrane

Dodecahedrane is a chemical compound (C20H20) first synthesised by Leo Paquette of Ohio State University in 1982, primarily for the "aesthetically pleasing symmetry of the dodecahedral framework".

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Doering–LaFlamme allene synthesis

In organic chemistry, the Doering–LaFlamme allene synthesis is a reaction of alkenes that converts them to allenes by insertion of a carbon atom.

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Donna Nelson

Donna J. Nelson is Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oklahoma.

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Double bond

A double bond in chemistry is a chemical bond between two chemical elements involving four bonding electrons instead of the usual two.

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Double bond rule

The double bond rule states that chemical elements with a principal quantum number greater than 2 for their valence electrons (period 3 elements and lower) should not form multiple bonds (e.g. double bonds and triple bonds) with themselves or with other elements.

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Douglas Stephan

Douglas Wade Stephan is Professor of Chemistry at the University of Toronto, a post he has held since 2008.

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Dow Chemical Company

The Dow Chemical Company, commonly referred to as Dow, is an American multinational chemical corporation headquartered in Midland, Michigan, United States, and the predecessor of the merged company DowDuPont.

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E1cB-elimination reaction

The E1cB elimination reaction is a type of elimination reaction which occurs under basic conditions, where a particularly poor leaving group (such as -OH or -OR) and an acidic hydrogen eliminate to form an additional bond.

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Ei mechanism

The Ei mechanism (Elimination Internal/Intramolecular), also known as a thermal syn elimination or a pericyclic syn elimination, in organic chemistry is a special type of elimination reaction in which two vicinal substituents on an alkane framework leave simultaneously via a cyclic transition state to form an alkene in a ''syn'' elimination.

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Elastolefin

Elastolefin is a fibre composed of at least 95% (by weight) of macromolecules partially cross-linked, made of ethylene and at least one other olefin.

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Electrochemical fluorination

Electrochemical fluorination (ECF), or electrofluorination, is a foundational organofluorine chemistry method for the preparation of fluorocarbon-based organofluorine compounds.

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Electromeric effect

Electromeric effect refers to a molecular polarizability effect occurring by an intramolecular electron displacement (sometimes called the ‘conjugative mechanism’ and, previously, the ‘tautomeric mechanism’) characterized by the substitution of one electron pair for another within the same atomic octet of electrons.

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Electron deficiency

Electron deficiency occurs when a compound has too few valence electrons for the connections between atoms to be described as covalent bonds.

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Electrophile

In organic chemistry, an electrophile is a reagent attracted to electrons.

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Electrophilic halogenation

In organic chemistry, an electrophilic aromatic halogenation is a type of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

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Elias James Corey

Elias James "E.J." Corey (born July 12, 1928) is an American organic chemist.

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Elimination reaction

An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one or two-step mechanism.

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Elimination reaction of free radicals

An elimination reaction of free radicals is the mechanism by which free radicals can undergo an elimination reaction to form olefins.

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Emulsion polymerization

Emulsion polymerization is a type of radical polymerization that usually starts with an emulsion incorporating water, monomer, and surfactant.

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Enamine

An enamine is an unsaturated compound derived by the condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with a secondary amine.

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Enders SAMP/RAMP hydrazone-alkylation reaction

The Enders SAMP/RAMP hydrazone alkylation reaction is an asymmetric carbon-carbon bond formation reaction facilitated by pyrrolidine chiral auxiliaries.

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Endohedral hydrogen fullerene

Endohedral hydrogen fullerene (H2@C60) is an endohedral fullerene containing molecular hydrogen.

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Ene reaction

The ene reaction (also known as the Alder-ene reaction) is a chemical reaction between an alkene with an allylic hydrogen (the ene) and a compound containing a multiple bond (the enophile), in order to form a new σ-bond with migration of the ene double bond and 1,5 hydrogen shift.

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Enediyne

The enediynes are a class of cyclic molecules whose core ring contains an alkene conjugated to two alkynes.

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Eni

Eni S.p.A. is an Italian multinational oil and gas company headquartered in Rome.

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Enol

Enols, or more formally, alkenols, are a type of reactive structure or intermediate in organic chemistry that is represented as an alkene (olefin) with a hydroxyl group attached to one end of the alkene double bond.

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Enol ether

An enol ether is an alkene with an alkoxy substituent.

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Enone

An enone, also called an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl, is a type of organic compound consisting of an alkene conjugated to a ketone.

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Enyne

An enyne is a functional group in organic chemistry consisting of a conjugated alkyne and alkene group.

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Enyne metathesis

An Enyne metathesis is an organic reaction taking place between an alkyne and an alkene with a metal carbene catalyst forming a butadiene.

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Enzyme inhibitor

4QI9) An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.

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Epothilone

The epothilones are a class of potential cancer drugs.

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Epoxidation with dioxiranes

Epoxidation with dioxiranes refers to the synthesis of epoxides from alkenes using three-membered cyclic peroxides, also known as dioxiranes.

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Epoxide

An epoxide is a cyclic ether with a three-atom ring.

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Erich Hückel

Erich Armand Arthur Joseph Hückel (August 9, 1896, Berlin – February 16, 1980, Marburg) was a German physicist and physical chemist.

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Ester

In chemistry, an ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group.

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Ester pyrolysis

Ester pyrolysis in organic chemistry is a vacuum pyrolysis reaction converting esters containing a β-hydrogen atom into the corresponding carboxylic acid and the alkene.

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Ethane

Ethane is an organic chemical compound with chemical formula.

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Ethenolysis

Ethenolysis is a chemical process in which internal olefins are degraded using ethylene as the reagent.

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Ether

Ethers are a class of organic compounds that contain an ether group—an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.

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Ether cleavage

Ether cleavage refers to chemical substitution reactions that lead to the cleavage of ethers.

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Ethylaluminium sesquichloride

Ethylaluminium sesquichloride, also called EASC, is an industrially important organoaluminium compound used primarily as a precursor to triethylaluminium and as a catalyst component in Ziegler-Natta type systems for olefin and diene polymerizations. Other applications include use in alkylation reactions and as a catalyst component in linear oligomerization and cyclization of unsaturated hydrocarbons. EASC is a colourless liquid, spontaneously combustible in air and reacts violently when in contact with water and many other compounds., 2010.

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Ethylene

Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula or H2C.

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ExxonMobil

Exxon Mobil Corporation, doing business as ExxonMobil, is an American multinational oil and gas corporation headquartered in Irving, Texas.

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Fat

Fat is one of the three main macronutrients, along with carbohydrate and protein.

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Fatty acid photodecarboxylase

Fatty acid photodecarboxylase is an enzyme that converts fatty acids to alkanes or alkenes, which can then, in principle, be used as biofuel.

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Fatty aldehyde

Fatty aldehydes are aliphatic, long-chain aldehydes which may be mono- or polyunsaturated.

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Fawley Refinery

Fawley Refinery is an oil refinery located at Fawley, Hampshire, England.

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Fétizon oxidation

Fétizon oxidation is the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols utilizing the compound silver(I) carbonate absorbed onto the surface of celite also known as Fétizon's reagent first employed by Marcel Fétizon in 1968.

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Fencamfamin

Fencamfamin (INN), also known as fencamfamine or by the brand names Glucoenergan and Reactivan, is a stimulant which was developed by Merck in the 1960s.

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Fenestrane

A fenestrane in organic chemistry is a type of chemical compound with a central quaternary carbon atom which serves as a common vertex for four fused carbocycles.

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Ferrier carbocyclization

The Ferrier carbocyclization (or Ferrier II reaction) is an organic reaction that was first reported by the carbohydrate chemist Robert J. Ferrier in 1979.

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Fischer–Tropsch process

The Fischer–Tropsch process is a collection of chemical reactions that converts a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons.

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Flavin adenine dinucleotide

In biochemistry, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a redox cofactor, more specifically a prosthetic group of a protein, involved in several important enzymatic reactions in metabolism.

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Flippin–Lodge angle

The Flippin–Lodge angle is one of two angles used by organic and biological chemists studying the relationship between a molecule's chemical structure and ways that it reacts, for reactions involving "attack" of an electron-rich reacting species, the nucleophile, on an electron-poor reacting species, the electrophile.

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Fluid catalytic cracking

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important conversion processes used in petroleum refineries.

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Fluorotelomer

Fluorotelomers are fluorocarbon-based oligomers, or telomers, synthesized by telomerization.

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Formic acid

Formic acid, systematically named methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid.

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Formosa Plastics Group Museum

The Formosa Plastics Group Museum, located on the campus of Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, northern Taiwan, was opened in 2004 to commemorate the 50th anniversary, where the history and culture of the leading Taiwanese company Formosa Plastics Group (FPG) is displayed.

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Formosa Plastics propylene explosion

The Formosa Plastics Propylene Explosion was a propylene release and explosion that occurred on October 6, 2005, in the Olefins II Unit at the Formosa Plastics plant in Point Comfort, Texas, United States.

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Fouling

Fouling is the accumulation of unwanted material on solid surfaces to the detriment of function.

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Four-center two-electron bond

A four-center two-electron bond (4c–2e bond) is a type of chemical bond in which four atoms share two electrons in bonding, with a net bond order of.

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Frank C. Whitmore

Frank Clifford Whitmore (October 1, 1887 – June 24, 1947), nicknamed "Rocky", was a prominent chemist who submitted significant evidence for the existence of carbocation mechanisms in organic chemistry.

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Free-radical addition

Free-radical addition is an addition reaction in organic chemistry involving free radicals.

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Friedel–Crafts reaction

The Friedel–Crafts reactions are a set of reactions developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877 to attach substituents to an aromatic ring.

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Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement

The Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement, named for Paul Ernst Moritz Fritsch (1859–1913), Wilhelm Paul Buttenberg, and Heinrich G. Wiechell, is a chemical reaction whereby a 1,1-diaryl-2-bromo-alkene rearranges to a 1,2-diaryl-alkyne by reaction with a strong base such as an alkoxide.

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Fulvalenes

A fulvalene is a hydrocarbon obtained by formally cross-conjugating two rings through a common exocyclic double bond.

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Fulvenes

Fulvenes are the class of hydrocarbon obtained by formally cross-conjugating one ring and methylidene through a common exocyclic double bond.

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Fumaric acid

Fumaric acid or trans-butenedioic acid is the chemical compound with the formula HO2CCH.

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Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific substituents or moieties within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

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Galantamine total synthesis

The article concerns the total synthesis of galanthamine, a drug used for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

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Gamma-Valerolactone

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) is an organic compound with the formula C5H8O2.

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Gas Chromatography - Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (GC-VUV)

Gas Chromatography - Vacuum Ultraviolet (GC-VUV) spectroscopy is a universal detection platform for gas chromatography.

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Gas to liquids

Gas to liquids (GTL) is a refinery process to convert natural gas or other gaseous hydrocarbons into longer-chain hydrocarbons, such as gasoline or diesel fuel.

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Gasoline

Gasoline (American English), or petrol (British English), is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in spark-ignited internal combustion engines.

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Gem-Difluoroalkene

Difluoroalkenes are alkenes that have two fluorines on their sp2 carbon.

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Geoffrey Wilkinson

Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson FRS (14 July 1921 – 26 September 1996) was a Nobel laureate English chemist who pioneered inorganic chemistry and homogeneous transition metal catalysis.

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Georg Wittig

Georg Wittig (June 16, 1897 – August 26, 1987) was a German chemist who reported a method for synthesis of alkenes from aldehydes and ketones using compounds called phosphonium ylides in the Wittig reaction.

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Glossary of chemistry terms

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Glossary of civil engineering

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Glossary of engineering

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Glossary of structural engineering

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Glycal

Glycal is a name for cyclic enol ether derivatives of sugars having a double bond between carbon atoms 1 and 2 of the ring.

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Grandisol

No description.

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Graphene

Graphene is a semi-metal with a small overlap between the valence and the conduction bands (zero bandgap material).

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Greg Garland

Greg C. Garland is an American businessman in oil and natural gas and chemicals industries, the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Phillips 66.

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Grieco elimination

The Grieco elimination is an organic reaction describing the elimination reaction of an aliphatic primary alcohol through a selenide to a terminal alkene.

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Grieco three-component condensation

The Grieco three-component condensation is an organic chemistry reaction that produces nitrogen-containing six-member heterocycles via a multi-component reaction of an aldehyde, an aniline, and an electron-rich alkene.

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Grignard reaction

The Grignard reaction (pronounced) is an organometallic chemical reaction in which alkyl, vinyl, or aryl-magnesium halides (Grignard reagents) add to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone.

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Grob fragmentation

In chemistry, a Grob fragmentation is an elimination reaction that breaks a neutral aliphatic chain into three fragments: a positive ion spanning atoms 1 and 2 (the "electrofuge"), an unsaturated neutral fragment spanning positions 3 and 4, and a negative ion (the "nucleofuge") comprising the rest of the chain.

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Group 14 hydride

Group 14 hydrides are chemical compounds composed of hydrogen atoms and carbon group atoms (the elements of group 14 are carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead).

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Group 2 organometallic chemistry

The group 2 elements are known to form organometallic compounds.

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Grubbs' catalyst

Grubbs' catalysts are a series of transition metal carbene complexes used as catalysts for olefin metathesis.

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Grupo Compás

Grupo Compás, which trades as The Alloy Valve Stockist, is an industrial alloy valve stockist and distributor based out of Barcelona, Spain and is recognized as one of the fastest growing service companies in Spain.

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Hafnium tetrachloride

Hafnium(IV) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula HfCl4.

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Half sandwich compound

Half sandwich compounds are organometallic complexes that feature a cyclic polyhapto ligand bound to an MLn center, where L is a unidentate ligand.

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Haloalkane

The haloalkanes (also known as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides) are a group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens.

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Halogen addition reaction

A halogen addition reaction is a simple organic reaction where a halogen molecule is added to the carbon–carbon double bond of an alkene functional group.

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Halogenation

Halogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the addition of one or more halogens to a compound or material.

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Halohydrin

In organic chemistry a halohydrin (also a haloalcohol or β-halo alcohol) is a functional group in which a halogen and a hydroxyl are bonded to adjacent carbon atoms, which otherwise bear only hydrogen or hydrocarbyl groups (e.g. 2-chloroethanol, 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol).

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Halonium ion

A halonium ion in organic chemistry is any onium compound (ion) containing a halogen atom carrying a positive charge.

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Hückel's rule

In organic chemistry, Hückel's rule estimates whether a planar ring molecule will have aromatic properties.

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Heat of formation group additivity

Heat of formation group additivity methods in thermochemistry enable the calculation and prediction of heat of formation of organic compounds based on additivity.

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Heather Willauer

Heather D. Willauer (born 1974) is an American analytical chemist and inventor working in Washington, D.C., at the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL).

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Heck reaction

The Heck reaction (also called the Mizoroki-Heck reaction) is the chemical reaction of an unsaturated halide (or triflate) with an alkene in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst (or palladium nanomaterial-based catalyst) to form a substituted alkene.

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Heck–Matsuda reaction

The Heck-Matsuda (HM) reaction is an organic reaction and a type of palladium catalysed arylation of olefins that uses arenediazonium salts as an alternative to aryl halides and triflates.

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Hemiaminal

A hemiaminal (also carbinolamine) is a functional group or type of chemical compound that has a hydroxyl group and an amine attached to the same carbon atom: -C(OH)(NR2)-.

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Hemilability

In coordination chemistry and catalysis hemilability (hemi - half, lability - a susceptibility to change) refers to a property of many polydentate ligands which contain at least two electronically different coordinating groups, such as hard and soft donors.

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Hentriacontylic acid

Hentriacontylic acid (also hentriacontanoic acid, henatriacontylic acid, or henatriacontanoic acid) is a carboxylic saturated fatty acid.

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Heptene

Heptene is a higher olefin, or alkene with the formula C7H14.

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Herbert C. Brown

Herbert Charles Brown (May 22, 1912 – December 19, 2004) was an English-born American chemist and recipient of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work with organoboranes.

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Heterogeneous gold catalysis

Heterogeneous gold catalysis refers to the catalysis of chemical reactions by gold nanoparticles, typically supported on metal oxide substrates.

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Hexadecene

Hexadecene, also known as cetene, is an alkene containing 16 carbon atoms, with a molecular formula of C16H32.

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Hexadehydro Diels-Alder reaction

In organic chemistry, the hexadehydro-Diels-Alder (HDDA) reaction is an organic chemical reaction between a diyne (2 alkyne functional groups arranged in a conjugated system) and an alkyne to form a reactive benzyne species, via a cycloaddition reaction.

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Hexafluoropropylene

Hexafluoropropylene is a compound with the formula C3F6.

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Hexafluorothioacetone

Hexafluorothioacetone is an organic perfluoro thione compound with formula CF3CSCF3.

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Hexene

Hexene is an alkene with a molecular formula C6H12.

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Higher alkanes

Higher alkanes are alkanes having nine or more carbon atoms.

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Hofmann elimination

Hofmann elimination, also known as exhaustive methylation, is a process where a quaternary ammonium reacts to create a Tertiary amine and an alkene by treatment with excess methyl iodide followed by treatment with silver oxide, water, and heat.

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Hofmann–Löffler reaction

The Hofmann–Löffler reaction (also referred to as Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Hofmann reaction, as well as Löffler's method) is an organic reaction in which a cyclic amine 2 (pyrrolidine or, in some cases, piperidine) is generated by thermal or photochemical decomposition of N-halogenated amine 1 in the presence of a strong acid (concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated CF3CO2H).

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Homoaromaticity

Homoaromaticity, in organic chemistry, refers to a special case of aromaticity in which conjugation is interrupted by a single sp3 hybridized carbon atom.

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Homologous series

In organic chemistry, a homologous series is a series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties.

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Honda Mobilio Spike

The Honda Mobilio Spike was a 1.5-litre compact-wagon that was designed with recreational activities in mind.

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Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction

The Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) reaction is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry of stabilized phosphonate carbanions with aldehydes (or ketones) to produce predominantly E-alkenes.

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Hydrazone iodination

Hydrazone iodination is an organic reaction in which a hydrazone is converted into a vinyl iodide by reaction of iodine and a non-nucleophilic base such as DBU.

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Hydride

In chemistry, a hydride is the anion of hydrogen, H−, or, more commonly, it is a compound in which one or more hydrogen centres have nucleophilic, reducing, or basic properties.

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Hydroacylation

Hydroacylation is a type of organic reaction in which an alkene is inserted into the a formyl C-H bond.

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Hydroalkoxylation

Hydroalkoxylation is a chemical reaction that combines alcohols with alkenes or alkynes.

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Hydroamination

Hydroamination is the addition of an N-H bond of an amine across a carbon-carbon multiple bond of an alkene, alkyne, diene, or allene.

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Hydroboration

In chemistry, hydroboration refers to the addition of a hydrogen-boron bond to C-C, C-N, and C-O double bonds, as well as C-C triple bonds.

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Hydroboration–oxidation reaction

In organic chemistry, the hydroboration–oxidation reaction is a two-step organic reaction that converts an alkene into a neutral alcohol by the net addition of water across the double bond.

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Hydrocarbon

In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.

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Hydrocyanation

Hydrocyanation is, most fundamentally, the process whereby H+ and –CN ions are added to a molecular substrate.

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Hydrodefluorination

Hydrodefluorination (HDF) is a type of organic reaction in which in a substrate a carbon–fluorine bond is replaced by a carbon–hydrogen bond.

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Hydrodesulfurization

Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur (S) from natural gas and from refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oils.

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Hydrofluoric acid

Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water.

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Hydrofluoroolefin

Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) are unsaturated organic compounds composed of hydrogen, fluorine and carbon.

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Hydroformylation

Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes.

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Hydrogen bromide

Hydrogen bromide is the diatomic molecule with the formula.

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Hydrogen disulfide

Hydrogen disulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula H2S2.

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Hydrogen iodide

Hydrogen iodide is a diatomic molecule and hydrogen halide.

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Hydrogenation

Hydrogenation – to treat with hydrogen – is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum.

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Hydrohalogenation

A hydrohalogenation reaction is the electrophilic addition of hydrohalic acids like hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide to alkenes to yield the corresponding haloalkanes.

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Hydroiodic acid

Hydroiodic acid (or hydriodic acid) is a highly acidic aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide (HI) (concentrated solution usually 48 - 57% HI).

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Hydrometalation

Hydrometalation (hydrometallation) is a type of chemical reaction in organometallic chemistry in which a chemical compound with a hydrogen to metal bond (M-H, metal hydride) adds to compounds with an unsaturated bond like an alkene (RC.

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Hydrosilylation

Hydrosilylation, also called catalytic hydrosilation, describes the addition of Si-H bonds across unsaturated bonds.

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Hydrous pyrolysis

Hydrous pyrolysis refers to the thermal decomposition which takes place when organic compounds are heated to high temperatures in the presence of water.

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Hydroxylated lecithin

Hydroxylated lecithin is chemically modified lecithin.

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Hyperconjugation

In organic chemistry, hyperconjugation is the interaction of the electrons in a sigma orbital (e.g. C–H or C–C) with an adjacent empty (or partially filled) non-bonding orbital, antibonding σ or π orbital, to give an extended molecular orbital.

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Hypochlorous acid

Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is a weak acid that forms when chlorine dissolves in water, and itself partially dissociates, forming ClO-.

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Hypothetical types of biochemistry

Hypothetical types of biochemistry are forms of biochemistry speculated to be scientifically viable but not proven to exist at this time.

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Idemitsu Kosan

is a Japanese petroleum company.

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Imine

An imine is a functional group or chemical compound containing a carbon–nitrogen double bond.

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Index of chemistry articles

Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem), meaning "earth") is the physical science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions.

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Indorama Eleme Petrochemical

Indorama Eleme Petrochemicals Ltd is a Nigerian based provider of fertilizer, olefins, butene, polyethylene and Polypropylene.

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Ineos

INEOS is a privately owned multinational chemicals company headquartered in London, UK, and with registered offices in Lyndhurst, Hampshire, UK and London, United Kingdom.

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Infrared spectroscopy correlation table

An infrared spectroscopy correlation table (or table of infrared absorption frequencies) is a list of absorption peaks and frequencies, typically reported in wavenumber, for common types of molecular bonds and functional groups.

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Instrumentation in petrochemical industries

Instrumentation in petrochemical industries basically consists of flow meters, pressure transmitters, level sensors, temperature sensors, and analysis instruments.

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Intermolecular metal-catalyzed carbenoid cyclopropanations

Intermolecular metal-catalyzed carbenoid cyclopropanations are organic reactions that result in the formation of a cyclopropane ring from a metal carbenoid species and an alkene.

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Intramolecular Heck reaction

The intramolecular Heck reaction (IMHR) is the coupling of an aryl or alkenyl halide with an alkene in the same molecule.

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Intramolecular reactions of diazocarbonyl compounds

Intramolecular reactions of diazocarbonyl compounds include addition to carbon–carbon double bonds to form fused cyclopropanes and insertion into carbon–hydrogen bonds or carbon–carbon bonds.

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Iodine

Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53.

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Iodine monochloride

Iodine monochloride is an interhalogen compound with the formula.

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Iodobenzene dichloride

Iodobenzene dichloride (PhICl2) is a complex of iodobenzene with chlorine.

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Iodolactonization

Iodolactonization (or, more generally, Halolactonization) is an organic reaction that forms a ring (the lactone) by the addition of an oxygen and iodine across a carbon-carbon double bond.

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Ionic hydrogenation

Ionic Hydrogenation refers to hydrogenation achieved by the addition of a proton and a hydride to substrate; in contrast to traditional hydrogenation which is achieved using H2.

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Ionic liquid

An ionic liquid (IL) is a salt in the liquid state.

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Iridium(III) chloride

Iridium(III) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula IrCl3.

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Iron pentacarbonyl

Iron pentacarbonyl, also known as iron carbonyl, is the compound with formula5.

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Isobutylene

Isobutylene (or 2-methylpropene) is a hydrocarbon of industrial significance.

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Isomerase

Isomerases are a general class of enzymes that convert a molecule from one isomer to another.

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Isopropyl cyanide

Isopropyl cyanide is a complex organic molecule that has been recently found in several meteorites arrived from space.

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IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry

In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

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Ivan Ostromislensky

Ivan Ivanovich Ostromislensky (Иван Иванович Остромысленский, also Iwan Ostromislensky) (9 September 1880 – 16 January 1939) was a Russian organic chemist.

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Jack Halpern (chemist)

Jack Halpern (19 January 1925 – 31 January 2018) was an inorganic chemist, the Louis Block Distinguished Service Professor of Chemistry at the University of Chicago.

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James C. Stevens

James C. Stevens (born July 27, 1953), a chemist, was the first Distinguished Fellow, at the Dow Chemical Company, retiring in January 2015.

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James L. Gallogly

James L. Gallogly (born September 1, 1952 in St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada) is an American business executive.

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Jean-Marie Basset

Jean-Marie Basset (born 9 June 1943) is a French chemist, currently the director of KAUST catalysis research center.

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Jinhua ham

Jinhua ham is a type of dry-cured ham named after the city of Jinhua, where it is produced, in the Zhejiang province of eastern China.

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John Cornforth

Sir John Warcup Cornforth Jr., AC, CBE, FRS, FAA (7 September 1917 – 8 December 2013) was an AustralianBritish chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1975 for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalysed reactions, becoming the only Nobel laureate born in New South Wales.

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Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction

The Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction (sometimes referred to as the Corey–Chaykovsky reaction or CCR) is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry for the synthesis of epoxides, aziridines, and cyclopropanes.

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Joseph Chatt

Joseph Chatt, CBE FRS (6 November 1914 – 19 May 1994) was a renowned British researcher in the area of inorganic and organometallic chemistry.

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Julia olefination

The Julia olefination (also known as the Julia–Lythgoe olefination) is the chemical reaction used in organic chemistry of phenyl sulfones (1) with aldehydes (or ketones) to give alkenes (3) after alcohol functionalization and reductive elimination using sodium amalgam or SmI2.

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Juliá–Colonna epoxidation

The Juliá–Colonna epoxidation is an asymmetric poly-leucine catalyzed nucleophilic epoxidation of electron deficient olefins in a triphasic system.

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Kalkitoxin

Kalkitoxin, a lipopeptide derived from the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula, induces NMDA receptor mediated neuronal necrosis, blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels, and induces cellular hypoxia by inhibiting the electron transport chain (ETC) complex 1.

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Kaminsky catalyst

A Kaminsky catalyst is a catalytic system for alkene polymerization.

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Karl Ziegler

Karl Waldemar Ziegler (November 26, 1898 – August 12, 1973) was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963, with Giulio Natta, for work on polymers.

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Kauffmann olefination

The Kauffmann olefination is a chemical reaction to convert aldehydes and ketones to olefins with a terminal methylene group.

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Kedarcidin

Kedarcidin is a chromoprotein antitumor antibiotic first isolated from an Actinomycete in 1992, comprising an ansa-bridged enediyne chromophore (shown) as well as an apoprotein that serves to stabilize the toxin in the Actinomycete.

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Kelliphite

Kelliphite is an acronym for the organophosphorus compound 6,6'-bisdibenzodioxaphosphepin.

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Kerosene

Kerosene, also known as paraffin, lamp oil, and coal oil (an obsolete term), is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum.

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Ketenimine

Ketenimines are a group of organic compounds sharing a common functional group with the general structure R1R2C.

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Ketone

In chemistry, a ketone (alkanone) is an organic compound with the structure RC(.

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Kharasch addition

The Kharasch addition is an organic reaction and a metal-catalysed free radical addition of CXCl3 compounds (X.

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Knitting

Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric for use in many types of garments.

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Koch reaction

The Koch reaction is an organic reaction for the synthesis of tertiary carboxylic acids from alcohols or alkenes.

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Krogmann's salt

Krogmann's salt is a mixed-valence square planar coordination complex of platinum and cyanide bonded through linear platinum metal chains, sometimes described as molecular wires.

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Kuwajima Taxol total synthesis

The Kuwajima Taxol total synthesis by the group of Isao Kuwajima of the Tokyo Institute of Technology is one of several efforts in taxol total synthesis published in the 1990s.

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KYAT1

Kynurenine—oxoglutarate transaminase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CCBL1 gene.

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Lactam

A lactam is a cyclic amide.

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Lactone

Lactones are cyclic esters of hydroxycarboxylic acids, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.

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Lanny D. Schmidt

Lanny D. Schmidt (born May 6, 1938 in Waukegan, Illinois) is an American chemist, inventor, author, and Regents Professor of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at the University of Minnesota.

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Lasioglossum malachurum

Lasioglossum malachurum, the sharp-collared furrow bee, is a small European halictid bee.

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Lastarria

Lastarria is a volcano that lies on the border between Chile and Argentina.

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Lead(IV) acetate

Lead(IV) acetate or lead tetraacetate is a chemical compound with chemical formula Pb(C2H3O2)4.

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Lemieux–Johnson oxidation

The Lemieux–Johnson or Malaprade–Lemieux–Johnson oxidation is a chemical reaction in which an olefin undergoes oxidative cleavage to form two aldehyde or ketone units.

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Ligand

In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule (functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex.

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Lightfastness

Lightfastness is a property of a colourant such as dye or pigment that describes how resistant to fading it is when exposed to light.

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Limonene

Limonene is a clear, colorless liquid hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the oil of citrus fruit peels.

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Lindlar catalyst

A Lindlar catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate which is then poisoned with various forms of lead or sulphur.

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Linear alkylbenzene

Linear alkylbenzenes (sometimes also referred as LABss) are a family of organic compounds with the formula C6H5CnH2n+1.

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Linear alpha olefin

Linear alpha olefins (LAO) or normal alpha olefins (NAO) are olefins or alkenes with a chemical formula CxH2x, distinguished from other mono-olefins with a similar molecular formula by linearity of the hydrocarbon chain and the position of the double bond at the primary or alpha position.

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Linear low-density polyethylene

Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is a substantially linear polymer (polyethylene), with significant numbers of short branches, commonly made by copolymerization of ethylene with longer-chain olefins.

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Linus Pauling

Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, educator, and husband of American human rights activist Ava Helen Pauling.

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Lipid

In biology and biochemistry, a lipid is a biomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents.

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List of additives for hydraulic fracturing

The differences between additives for hydraulic fracturing in different countries are the type of chemicals used (hazardous, non-hazardous), the disclosure of chemicals and the composition of fracturing fluid.

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List of Dutch inventions and discoveries

The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.

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List of inorganic reactions

Well-known types of reactions that involve organic compounds include.

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List of MeSH codes (D02)

This is the fourth part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.

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List of refrigerants

Chemical refrigerants are assigned an R number which is determined systematically according to molecular structure.

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Lithium

Lithium (from lit) is a chemical element with symbol Li and atomic number 3.

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Lithium aluminium hydride

Lithium aluminium hydride, commonly abbreviated to LAH, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiAlH4.

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Longifolene

Longifolene is the common (or trivial) chemical name of a naturally occurring, oily liquid hydrocarbon found primarily in the high-boiling fraction of certain pine resins.

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Lukoil

The PJSC Lukoil Oil Company (stylized as LUKOIL) is a Russian multinational energy corporation headquartered in Moscow, specializing in the business of extraction, production, transport, and sale of petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products.

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Lurgi–Ruhrgas process

The Lurgi–Ruhrgas process is an above-ground coal liquefaction and shale oil extraction technology.

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Magnesium monoperoxyphthalate

Magnesium monoperoxyphthalate (MMPP) is a water-soluble peroxy acid used as an oxidant in organic synthesis.

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Manganate

In inorganic nomenclature, a manganate is any negatively charged molecular entity with manganese as the central atom.

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Markovnikov's rule

In organic chemistry, Markovnikov's rule or Markownikoff's rule describes the outcome of some addition reactions.

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Marun petrochemical complex

Marun Petrochemical Complex (M.P.C.) (Sherkat Petrochimi), is a petrochemical complex in Mahshahr, Khuzestan, Iran which was established in 21 Jan 1995.

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Mössbauer spectroscopy

Mössbauer spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique based on the Mössbauer effect.

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McMurry reaction

The McMurry reaction is an organic reaction in which two ketone or aldehyde groups are coupled to an alkene using a titanium chloride compound such as titanium(III) chloride and a reducing agent.

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Meerwein arylation

The Meerwein arylation is an organic reaction involving the addition of an aryl diazonium salt (ArN2X) to an electron-poor alkene usually supported by a metal salt.

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Megachile rotundata

Megachile rotundata, the alfalfa leafcutter bee or leafcutter bee is a European bee that has been introduced to various regions around the world.

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Mercury(II) acetate

Mercury(II) acetate is the chemical compound with the formula Hg(O2CCH3)2.

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Mesitylene

Mesitylene or 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is a derivative of benzene with three methyl substituents positioned symmetrically around the ring.

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Meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid

meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) is a peroxycarboxylic acid used widely as an oxidant in organic synthesis.

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Metabolism

Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.

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Metal carbonyl hydride

Metal carbonyl hydrides are complexes of transition metals with carbon monoxide and hydride as ligands.

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Metal dithiolene complex

Metal dithiolene complexes are complexes containing dithiolene ligands.

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Metal-catalysed hydroboration

In chemistry, metal-catalysed hydroboration is a reaction used in organic synthesis.

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Metal-centered cycloaddition reactions

A metal-centered cycloaddition is a subtype of the more general class of cycloaddition reactions.

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Metal–organic framework

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are compounds consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands to form one-, two-, or three-dimensional structures.

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Metallocene

A metallocene is a compound typically consisting of two cyclopentadienyl anions (abbreviated Cp) bound to a metal center (M) in the oxidation state II, with the resulting general formula (C5H5)2M.

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Methanizer

Methanizer is an appliance used in gas chromatography, which allows to detect very low concentrations of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.

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Methyl cyanoacrylate

Methyl cyanoacrylate (MCA) is an organic compound that contains several functional groups, a methyl ester, a nitrile, and an alkene.

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Methyl vinyl ether

Methyl vinyl ether is an organic compound with the chemical formula C3H6O.

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Methylaluminoxane

Methylaluminoxane, commonly called MAO, is an organoaluminium compound with the approximate formula (Al(CH3)O)n.

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Methylcyclopentadiene

Methylcyclopentadiene is any of three isomeric cyclic dialkenes with the formula C5MeH5 (Me.

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Methylene (compound)

Methylene (systematically named methylidene, and dihydridocarbon), also called carbene is an organic compound with the chemical formula (also written). It is a colourless gas that fluoresces in the mid-infrared range, and only persists in dilution, or as an adduct.

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Methylrhenium trioxide

Methylrhenium trioxide, also known as methyltrioxorhenium, is an organometallic compound with the formula CH3ReO3.

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Michael J. S. Dewar

Michael James Steuart Dewar (24 September 1918 – 10 October 1997) was a theoretical chemist.

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Michael reaction

The Michael reaction or Michael addition is the nucleophilic addition of a carbanion or another nucleophile to an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.

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Microemulsion

Microemulsions are clear, thermodynamically stable, isotropic liquid mixtures of oil, water and surfactant, frequently in combination with a cosurfactant.

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Microtiter plate

A microtiter plate (spelled Microtiter is a registered trade name in the United States) or microplate or microwell plate or multiwell, is a flat plate with multiple "wells" used as small test tubes.

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Migratory insertion

A migratory insertion is a type of reaction in organometallic chemistry wherein two ligands on a metal complex combine.

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Milas hydroxylation

The Milas hydroxylation is an organic reaction converting an alkene to a vicinal diol, and was developed by Nicholas A. Milas in the 1930s.

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Molecular sieve

A molecular sieve is a material with pores (very small holes) of uniform size.

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Molozonide

A molozonide (or "molecular ozonide") is a 1,2,3-trioxolane, which can also be thought of a cyclic dialkyl trioxidane.

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Momilactone B

Momilactone B is an allelopathic agent produced from the roots of rice (''Oryza sativa'' L.) (100 mg from 200 kg dry rice husk).

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Montréalone

Montréalone (synonyms: montrealone, phospha-münchnone) is a mesoionic heterocyclic chemical compound.

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Morris S. Kharasch

Morris Selig Kharasch (August 24, 1895 – October 9, 1957) was a pioneering organic chemist best known for his work with free radical additions and polymerizations.

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Mucobromic acid

Mucobromic acid is an organic compound that consists of a dibrominated alkene with aldehyde and carboxylic acid functional groups.

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Mukaiyama hydration

The Mukaiyama hydration is an organic reaction involving formal addition of an equivalent of water across an olefin by the action of catalytic bis(acetylacetonato)cobalt(II) complex, phenylsilane and atmospheric oxygen to produce an alcohol with Markovnikov selectivity.

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Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis

The Mukaiyama taxol total synthesis published by the group of Teruaki Mukaiyama of the Tokyo University of Science between 1997 and 1999 was the 6th successful taxol total synthesis.

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Murai reaction

The Murai reaction is an organic reaction that uses C-H activation to create a new C-C bond between a terminal or strained internal alkene and an aromatic compound using a ruthenium catalyst.

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Mycena aurantiomarginata

Mycena aurantiomarginata, commonly known as the golden-edge bonnet, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Mycenaceae.

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Myrcene

Myrcene, or β-myrcene, is an olefinic natural organic hydrocarbon.

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N,N'-Di-2-butyl-1,4-phenylenediamine

N,N-Di-2-butyl-1,4-phenylenediamine is an aromatic amine used industrially as an antioxidant to prevent degradation of turbine oils, transformer oils, hydraulic fluids, lubricants, waxes, and greases.

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N-Ethylmaleimide

N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) is an organic compound that is derived from maleic acid.

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N-Iodosuccinimide

N-Iodosuccinimide (NIS) is a reagent used in organic chemistry for the iodination of alkenes and as a mild oxidant.

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Nanomaterial-based catalyst

Nanomaterial-based catalysts are usually heterogeneous catalysts broken up into metal nanoparticles in order to speed up the catalytic process.

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Naphthalene

Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula.

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Natural rubber

Natural rubber, also called India rubber or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds, plus water.

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Nazarov cyclization reaction

The Nazarov cyclization reaction (often referred to as simply the Nazarov cyclization) is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry for the synthesis of cyclopentenones.

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Nebivolol

Nebivolol is a β1 receptor blocker with nitric oxide-potentiating vasodilatory effect used in treatment of hypertension and, in Europe, also for left ventricular failure.

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Negishi coupling

The Negishi coupling is a widely employed transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reaction.

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Neighbouring group participation

Neighbouring group participation (NGP) (also known as anchimeric assistance) in organic chemistry has been defined by IUPAC as the interaction of a reaction centre with a lone pair of electrons in an atom or the electrons present in a sigma bond or pi bond contained within the parent molecule but not conjugated with the reaction centre.

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Nickel boride

Nickel borides are inorganic compounds with the chemical formula NixBy, where x and y vary.

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Niobium(V) chloride

Niobium(V) chloride, also known as niobium pentachloride, is a yellow crystalline solid.

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Nitrene

In chemistry, a nitrene (R–N) is the nitrogen analogue of a carbene.

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Nitroalkene

A nitroalkene, or nitro olefin, is a functional group combining the functionality of its constituent parts, an alkene and nitro group, while displaying its own chemical properties through alkene activation, making the functional group useful in specialty reactions such as the Michael reaction or Diels-Alder additions.

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Nitrone

A nitrone is a functional group in organic chemistry consisting of an ''N''-oxide of an imine.

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Nitrone-olefin (3+2) cycloaddition

The nitrone-olefin (3+2) cycloaddition reaction is the combination of a nitrone with an alkene or alkyne to generate an isoxazoline or isoxazolidine via a cycloaddition process.

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Nitrosyl chloride

Nitrosyl chloride is the chemical compound with the formula NOCl.

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Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization

Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization is a method of radical polymerization that makes use of an alkoxyamine initiator to generate polymers with well controlled stereochemistry and a very low polydispersity index.

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Non-coordinating anion

Anions that interact weakly with cations are termed non-coordinating anions, although a more accurate term is weakly coordinating anion.

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Noncovalent solid-phase organic synthesis

Noncovalent solid-phase organic synthesis or NC-SPOS is a form of Solid-phase synthesis whereby the organic substrate is bonded to the solid phase not by a covalent bond but by other chemical interactions.

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Nonene

Nonene is an alkene with the molecular formula C9H18.

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Norbornene-mediated meta-C-H activation

The discovery of norbornene-mediated meta-C-H activation was first published by Jin-Quan Yu and co-workers at The Scripps Research Institute in March 2015.

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Norrish reaction

The Norrish reaction in organic chemistry describes the photochemical reactions taking place with ketones and aldehydes.

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Nothomyrmecia

Nothomyrmecia, also known as the dinosaur ant or dawn ant, is a rare genus of ants consisting of a single species, Nothomyrmecia macrops.

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Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation

In chemistry, the Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones is a chemical reaction for the enantioselective hydrogenation of ketones, aldehydes, and imines.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of stereoisomers

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of stereoisomers most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy of stereoisomers is a chemical analysis method that uses NMR spectroscopy to determine the absolute configuration of stereoisomers.

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Nucleophilic addition

In organic chemistry, a nucleophilic addition reaction is an addition reaction where a chemical compound with an electron-deficient or electrophilic double or triple bond, a π bond, reacts with electron-rich reactant, termed a nucleophile, with disappearance of the double bond and creation of two new single, or σ, bonds.

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Nucleophilic conjugate addition

Nucleophilic conjugate addition is a type of organic reaction.

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Oct-1-en-3-one

Oct-1-en-3-one (CH2.

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Octadecene

Octadecene is a long-chain hydrocarbon and an alkene with the molecular formula C18H36.

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Octatetraene

Octatetraene is a class of organic chemical compound.

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Octene

Octene is an alkene with the formula 16.

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Oil refinery

Oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is transformed and refined into more useful products such as petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel and fuel oils.

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Oil shale

Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons, called shale oil (not to be confused with tight oil—crude oil occurring naturally in shales), can be produced.

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Okadaic acid

Okadaic acid, C44H68O13, is a toxin produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish.

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Olefin fiber

Olefin fiber is a synthetic fiber made from a polyolefin, such as polypropylene or polyethylene.

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Olefin metathesis

Olefin metathesis is an organic reaction that entails the redistribution of fragments of alkenes (olefins) by the scission and regeneration of carbon-carbon double bonds.

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Oleic acid

Oleic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils.

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One-electron reduction

A one-electron reduction in organic chemistry involves the transfer of an electron from a metal to an organic substrate.

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Onium compound

In chemistry, an onium ion, is a cation formally obtained by the protonation of mononuclear parent hydride of a pnictogen (group 15 of the periodic table), chalcogen (group 16), or halogen (group 17).

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Open-chain compound

In chemistry, an open-chain compound (also spelled as open chain compound) or acyclic compound (Greek prefix "α", without and "κύκλος", cycle) is a compound with a linear structure, rather than a cyclic one.

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Ophrys

The genus Ophrys is a large group of orchids from the alliance Orchis in the subtribe Orchidinae.

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Organic nomenclature in Chinese

The Chinese Chemical Society (CCS) lays out a set of rules based on those given by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) for the purpose of systematic organic nomenclature in Chinese.

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Organic peroxide

Organic peroxides are organic compounds containing the peroxide functional group (ROOR′).

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Organic redox reaction

Organic reductions or organic oxidations or organic redox reactions are redox reactions that take place with organic compounds.

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Organoaluminium chemistry

Organoaluminium chemistry is the study of compounds containing bonds between carbon and aluminium bond.

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Organoboron chemistry

Organoborane or organoboron compounds are chemical compounds of boron and carbon that are organic derivatives of BH3, for example trialkyl boranes.

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Organocerium chemistry

Organocerium compounds are chemical compounds that contain one or more chemical bond between carbon and cerium.

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Organochloride

An organochloride, organochlorine compound, chlorocarbon, or chlorinated hydrocarbon is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine that has an effect on the chemical behavior of the molecule.

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Organocopper compound

Organocopper compounds in organometallic chemistry contain carbon to copper chemical bonds.

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Organofluorine chemistry

Organofluorine chemistry describes the chemistry of the organofluorines, organic compounds that contain the carbon–fluorine bond.

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Organogold chemistry

Organogold chemistry is the study of compounds containing gold–carbon bonds.

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Organoiron chemistry

Organoiron chemistry is the chemistry of iron compounds containing a carbon-to-iron chemical bond.

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Organometallic chemistry

Organometallic chemistry is the study of organometallic compounds, chemical compounds containing at least one chemical bond between a carbon atom of an organic molecule and a metal, including alkaline, alkaline earth, and transition metals, and sometimes broadened to include metalloids like boron, silicon, and tin, as well.

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Organonickel

Organonickel chemistry is a branch of organometallic chemistry that deals with organic compounds featuring nickel-carbon bonds.

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Organopalladium

Organopalladium chemistry is a branch of organometallic chemistry that deals with organic palladium compounds and their reactions.

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Organophosphorus compound

Organophosphorus compounds are organic compounds containing phosphorus.

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Organorhenium chemistry

Organorhenium chemistry describes the compounds with Re-C bonds.

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Organoselenium chemistry

Organoselenium compounds are chemical compounds containing carbon-to-selenium chemical bonds.

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Organosilicon

Organosilicon compounds are organometallic compounds containing carbon–silicon bonds.

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Organotantalum chemistry

Organotantalum chemistry is the chemistry of chemical compounds containing a carbon-to-tantalum chemical bond.

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Organotellurium chemistry

Organotellurium chemistry in chemistry describes the synthesis and properties of chemical compounds containing a carbon to tellurium chemical bond.

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Organoxenon compound

Organoxenon compounds in organic chemistry contain carbon to xenon chemical bonds.

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Organozinc compound

Organozinc compounds in organic chemistry contain carbon to zinc chemical bonds.

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Organozirconium chemistry

Organozirconium compounds are organometallic compounds containing a carbon to zirconium chemical bond.

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Oseltamivir total synthesis

Oseltamivir total synthesis concerns the total synthesis of the antiinfluenza drug oseltamivir marketed by Hoffmann-La Roche under the trade name Tamiflu.

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Osmium

Osmium (from Greek ὀσμή osme, "smell") is a chemical element with symbol Os and atomic number 76.

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Osmium tetroxide

Osmium tetroxide (also osmium(VIII) oxide) is the chemical compound with the formula OsO4.

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Otto Roelen

Otto Roelen (22 March 1897 – 30 January 1993) was a German chemist.

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Outline of organic chemistry

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to organic chemistry: Organic chemistry – scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation (by synthesis or by other means) of carbon-based compounds, hydrocarbons, and their derivatives.

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Oxanorbornadiene

Oxanorbornadiene (OND) is a bicyclic organic compound with an oxygen atom bridging the two opposing saturated carbons of 1,4-cyclohexadiene.

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Oxcarbazepine

Oxcarbazepine is an anticonvulsant drug primarily used in the treatment of epilepsy. There is some evidence for oxcarbazepine as a mood-stabilizing agent and thus, it can be used as add-on therapy for bipolar disorder in patients that have failed or are unable to tolerate approved treatments. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, double vision and trouble with walking. Although not common, anaphylaxis may occur. Due to its structural similarities to carbamazepine there is approximately a 25–30% chance of cross-reactivity between the two medications. Oxcarbazepine is marketed as Trileptal by Novartis and available in some countries as a generic drug. There is also an extended-release formulation marketed as Oxtellar XR by Supernus Pharmaceuticals.

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Oxidative addition

Oxidative addition and reductive elimination are two important and related classes of reactions in organometallic chemistry.

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Oxo alcohol

Oxo alcohols are alcohols that are prepared by adding carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (usually combined together as synthesis gas) to an olefin to obtain an aldehyde using the hydroformylation reaction and then hydrogenating the aldehyde to obtain the alcohol.

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Oxocarbenium

An oxocarbenium ion (or oxacarbenium ion) is a chemical species characterized by a central sp2-hybridized carbon, an oxygen substituent, and an overall positive charge that is delocalized between the central carbon and oxygen atoms.

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Oxonium ion

In chemistry, an oxonium ion is any oxygen cation with three bonds.

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Oxymercuration reaction

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition organic reaction that transforms an alkene into a neutral alcohol.

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Ozone

Ozone, or trioxygen, is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula.

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Ozonide

Ozonide is the unstable, reactive polyatomic anion analog of ozone or any of several classes of organic organic peroxide compounds similar formed by the reaction of ozone with an unsaturated compound.

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Ozonolysis

Ozonolysis is an organic reaction where the unsaturated bonds of alkenes, alkynes, or azo compounds are cleaved with ozone.

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Palladium(II) chloride

Palladium(II) chloride, also known as palladium dichloride and palladous chloride, are the chemical compounds with the formula PdCl2.

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Palladium(II) nitrate

Palladium(II) nitrate is the inorganic compound with the formula Pd(NO3)2.

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Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions

Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions comprise a family of cross-coupling reactions that employ palladium complexes as catalysts.

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Parischnogaster jacobsoni

Parischnogaster jacobsoni is a species of social wasp within Parischnogaster, the largest and least known genus of Stenogastrinae.

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Paternò–Büchi reaction

The Paternò–Büchi reaction, named after Emanuele Paternò and George Büchi who established its basic utility and form, is a photochemical reaction that forms four-membered oxetane rings from a carbonyl and an alkene.

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Pauson–Khand reaction

The Pauson–Khand reaction (or PKR or PK-type reaction) is a chemical reaction described as a cycloaddition between an alkyne, an alkene and carbon monoxide to form a α,β-cyclopentenone.

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Pentaerythritol

Pentaerythritol is an organic compound, a white, crystalline solid with the formula C5H12O4.

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Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene is a cyclic dialkene with the formula C5Me5H (Me.

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Pentene

Pentenes are alkenes with chemical formula.

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Peracetic acid

Peracetic acid (also known as peroxyacetic acid, or PAA), is an organic compound with the formula CH3CO3H.

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Perfluorocycloalkene

Perfluorocycloalkene (PFCA) is a general class of fluorocarbon compounds comprising many commercially available perfluorocyclo-olefins including hexafluorocyclobutene (or perfluorocyclobutene), octafluorocyclopentene (or perfluorocyclopentene) and decafluorocyclohexene (or perfluorocyclohexene) (Figure 1).

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Perfluoroisobutene

Perfluoroisobutene (PFIB), also known as 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)prop-1-ene, is a fluorocarbon alkene.

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Perfluorononanoic acid

Perfluorononanoic acid, or PFNA, is a synthetic perfluorinated carboxylic acid and fluorosurfactant that is also an environmental contaminant found in people and wildlife along with PFOS and PFOA.

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Perkow reaction

The Perkow reaction is an organic reaction in which a trialkyl phosphite ester reacts with a haloketone to form a dialkyl vinyl phosphate and an alkyl halide.

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Permanganate

A permanganate is the general name for a chemical compound containing the manganate(VII) ion,.

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Peroxy acid

A peroxy acid (often spelled as one word, peroxyacid, and sometimes called peracid) is an acid which contains an acidic –OOH group.

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Peroxydisulfate

The peroxydisulfate ion,, is a oxyanion.

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Perrhenic acid

Perrhenic acid is the chemical compound with the formula.

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Persistent carbene

A persistent carbene (also known as stable carbene) is a type of carbene demonstrating particular stability.

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Peterson olefination

The Peterson olefination (also called the Peterson reaction) is the chemical reaction of α-silyl carbanions (1 in diagram below) with ketones (or aldehydes) to form a β-hydroxysilane (2) which eliminates to form alkenes (3).

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Petrochemical

Petrochemicals (also known as petroleum distillates) are chemical products derived from petroleum.

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Petroleum

Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.

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Petroleum naphtha

Petroleum naphtha is an intermediate hydrocarbon liquid stream derived from the refining of crude oil with CAS-no 64742-48-9.

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Petronas

PETRONAS, short for Petroliam Nasional Berhad (National Petroleum, Limited), is a Malaysian oil and gas company that was founded on 17 August 1974.

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Phenylboronic acid

Phenylboronic acid or benzeneboronic acid, abbreviated as PhB(OH)2 where Ph is the phenyl group C6H5-, is a boronic acid containing a phenyl substituent and two hydroxyl groups attached to boron.

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Philip Kocienski

Philip Joseph Kocienski (born 1946) is a British organic chemist.

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Phosphaalkene

Phosphaalkenes (IUPAC name: alkylidenephosphanes) are organophosphorus compounds with double bonds between carbon and phosphorus(III) with the formula R2C.

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Phosphinimide ligands

Phosphinimide ligands, also known as phosphorane iminato ligands, are any of a class of organic compounds of the general formula NPR3−.

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Phosphorus trichloride

Phosphorus trichloride is a chemical compound of phosphorus and chlorine, having the chemical formula PCl3.

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Photochemistry

Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light.

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Photochlorination

Photochlorination is a chemical reaction which is initiated by light, in which either hydrogen is replaced by chlorine in a hydrocarbon compound or chlorine is reacted via an addition reaction to an aromatic or olefinic hydrocarbon.

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Photooxygenation

A photooxygenation is a light-induced oxidation reaction in which molecular oxygen is incorporated into the product(s).

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Photoredox catalysis

Photoredox catalysis is a branch of catalysis that harnesses the energy of light to accelerate a chemical reaction via single-electron transfer events.

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Photoswitch

Photoswitch, or photo-electric switch, is a sensor that detects the presence of light or a change in its intensity.

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Pi bond

In chemistry, pi bonds (π bonds) are covalent chemical bonds where two lobes of an orbital on one atom overlap two lobes of an orbital on another atom.

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Pi interaction

In chemistry, π-effects or π-interactions are a type of non-covalent interaction that involves π systems.

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Pinacol coupling reaction

A pinacol coupling reaction is an organic reaction in which a carbon–carbon covalent bond is formed between the carbonyl groups of an aldehyde or a ketone in presence of an electron donor in a free radical process.

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Piper cubeba

Piper cubeba, cubeb or tailed pepper is a plant in genus Piper, cultivated for its fruit and essential oil.

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Plasma polymerization

Plasma polymerization (or glow discharge polymerization) uses plasma sources to generate a gas discharge that provides energy to activate or fragment gaseous or liquid monomer, often containing a vinyl group, in order to initiate polymerization.

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Platinum

Platinum is a chemical element with symbol Pt and atomic number 78.

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Platinum nanoparticle

Platinum nanoparticles are usually in the form of a suspension or colloid of nanoparticles of platinum in a fluid, usually water.

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Polarizability

Polarizability is the ability to form instantaneous dipoles.

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Polyacetylene

Polyacetylene (IUPAC name: polyethyne) usually refers to an organic polymer with the repeating unit (C2H2)n.

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Polyethylene

Polyethylene or polythene (abbreviated PE; IUPAC name polyethene or poly(ethylene)) is the most common plastic.

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Polyketide synthase

Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are a family of multi-domain enzymes or enzyme complexes that produce polyketides, a large class of secondary metabolites, in bacteria, fungi, plants, and a few animal lineages.

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Polymer chemistry

Polymer chemistry is a chemistry subdiscipline that deals with the structures, chemical synthesis and properties of polymers, primarily synthetic polymers such as plastics and elastomers.

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Polymer stabilizers

Stabilizers are a class of chemical addatives commonly added to polymeric materials, such as plastics, to inhibit or retard their degradation.

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Polymerization

In polymer chemistry, polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three-dimensional networks.

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Polyolefin

A polyolefin is any of a class of polymers produced from a simple olefin (also called an alkene with the general formula CnH2n) as a monomer.

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PONA number

The PONA number is an index for oil components.

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Post-metallocene catalyst

A post-metallocene catalyst is a kind of catalyst for the polymerization of olefins, i.e., the industrial production of some of the most common plastics.

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Post-translational modification

Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent and generally enzymatic modification of proteins following protein biosynthesis.

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Potassium permanganate

Potassium permanganate is an inorganic chemical compound and medication.

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Potassium peroxymonosulfate

Potassium peroxymonosulfate (also known as MPS, potassium monopersulfate, potassium caroate, and the trade names Caroat and Oxone) is widely used as an oxidizing agent.

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Povarov reaction

The Povarov reaction is an organic reaction described as a formal cycloaddition between an aromatic imine and an alkene.

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Prévost reaction

The Prévost reaction is chemical reaction in which an alkene is converted by iodine and the silver salt of benzoic acid to a vicinal diol with anti stereochemistry.

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Pregnene

A pregnene is an alkene derivative of a pregnane.

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Prilezhaev reaction

The Prilezhaev reaction, also known as the Prileschajew reaction or Prilezhaev epoxidation, is the chemical reaction of an alkene with a peroxy acid to form epoxides.

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Prins reaction

The Prins reaction is an organic reaction consisting of an electrophilic addition of an aldehyde or ketone to an alkene or alkyne followed by capture of a nucleophile.

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Progesterone

Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.

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Progesterone (medication)

Progesterone is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone.

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Propene

Propene, also known as propylene or methyl ethylene, is an unsaturated organic compound having the chemical formula C3H6.

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Protectin D1

Protectin D1 also known as neuroprotectin D1 (when it acts in the nervous system) and abbreviated most commonly as PD1 or NPD1 is a member of the class of specialized proresolving mediators.

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Protodeboronation

Protodeboronation is a chemical reaction involving the protonolysis of a boronic acid (or other organoborane compound) in which a carbon-boron bond is broken and replaced with a carbon-hydrogen bond.

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Proton nuclear magnetic resonance

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (proton NMR, hydrogen-1 NMR, or 1H NMR) is the application of nuclear magnetic resonance in NMR spectroscopy with respect to hydrogen-1 nuclei within the molecules of a substance, in order to determine the structure of its molecules.

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Protonation

In chemistry, protonation is the addition of a proton (H+) to an atom, molecule, or ion, forming the conjugate acid.

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Pseudoacid

A Pseudoacid in Organic Chemistry is a cyclic oxocarboxylic acid.

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Push–pull olefin

A push-pull olefin is a type of olefin characterized by an electron-withdrawing substituent on one side of the double bond and an electron-donating substituent on the other side.

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Pyramidal alkene

Pyramidal alkenes are alkenes in which the two carbon atoms making up the double bond are not coplanar with their four substituents.

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Pyrolysis gasoline

Pyrolysis gasoline or Pygas is a naphtha-range product with a high aromatics content.

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Pyrrole

Pyrrole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula C4H4NH.

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Quinoline

Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C9H7N.

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R. Tom Baker

R.

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Radialene

Radialenes are alicyclic organic compounds containing n cross-conjugated exocyclic double bonds.

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Radical polymerization

Free-radical polymerization (FRP) is a method of polymerization by which a polymer forms by the successive addition of free-radical building blocks.

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Ralph Landau

Ralph Landau (May 19, 1916 – April 5, 2004) was a chemical engineer and entrepreneur active in the chemical and petrochemical industries.

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Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy (named after Indian physicist Sir C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique used to observe vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system.

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Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction

The Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction is an organic reaction converting an α-halo sulfone into an alkene in presence of a base with extrusion of sulfur dioxide.

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Raney nickel

Raney nickel, also called spongy nickel, is a fine-grained solid composed mostly of nickel derived from a nickel-aluminium alloy.

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Raspberry ketone

Raspberry ketone is a natural phenolic compound that is the primary aroma compound of red raspberries.

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Rauhut–Currier reaction

The Rauhut–Currier reaction, also called the vinylogous Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction, is an organic reaction describing (in its original scope) the dimerization or isomerization of electron-deficient alkenes such as enones by action of an organophosphine of the type R3P.

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Reactions of organocopper reagents

Reactions of organocopper reagents involve species containing copper-carbon bonds acting as nucleophiles in the presence of organic electrophiles.

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Reactivity–selectivity principle

In chemistry the reactivity–selectivity principle or RSP states that a more reactive chemical compound or reactive intermediate is less selective in chemical reactions.

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Reductive dechlorination

Reductive dechlorination is degradation of chlorinated organic compounds by chemical reduction with release of inorganic chloride ions.

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Reductive dehalogenation of halo ketones

In organic chemistry, α-halo ketones can be reduced with loss of the halogen atom to form enolates.

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Regioselectivity

In chemistry, regioselectivity is the preference of one direction of chemical bond making or breaking over all other possible directions.

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Relative volatility

Relative volatility is a measure comparing the vapor pressures of the components in a liquid mixture of chemicals.

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Resonance (chemistry)

In chemistry, resonance or mesomerism is a way of describing delocalized electrons within certain molecules or polyatomic ions where the bonding cannot be expressed by one single Lewis structure.

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Retro-Diels–Alder reaction

The retro-Diels–Alder reaction (rDA) is the microscopic reverse of the Diels–Alder reaction—the formation of a diene and dienophile from a cyclohexene.

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Rhenium

Rhenium is a chemical element with symbol Re and atomic number 75.

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Rhodium

Rhodium is a chemical element with symbol Rh and atomic number 45.

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Rhodium(II) acetate

Rhodium(II) acetate is the chemical compound with the formula Rh2(AcO)4, where AcO− is the acetate ion.

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Rhodium(III) chloride

Rhodium(III) chloride refers to inorganic compounds with the formula RhCl3(H2O)n, where n varies from 0 to 3.

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Richard F. Heck

Richard Frederick Heck (August 15, 1931 – October 10, 2015) was an American chemist noted for the discovery and development of the Heck reaction, which uses palladium to catalyze organic chemical reactions that couple aryl halides with alkenes.

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Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis

The Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis converts alkyl or aryl thiocyanates to thiocarbamates under acidic conditions, followed by hydrolysis with ice water.

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Riley oxidation

The Riley oxidation is a selenium dioxide-mediated oxidation of methylene groups adjacent to carbonyls.

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Ring-closing metathesis

Ring-closing metathesis, or RCM, is a widely used variation of olefin metathesis in organic chemistry for the synthesis of various unsaturated rings via the intramolecular metathesis of two terminal alkenes, which forms the cycloalkene as the E- or Z- isomers and volatile ethylene.

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerisation

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is a type of olefin metathesis chain-growth polymerization that produces industrially important products.

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Ring-opening polymerization

In polymer chemistry, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) is a form of chain-growth polymerization, in which the terminal end of a polymer chain acts as a reactive center where further cyclic monomers can react by opening its ring system and form a longer polymer chain (see figure).

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Ritter reaction

The Ritter reaction is a chemical reaction that transforms a nitrile into an N-alkyl amide using various electrophilic alkylating reagents.

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Rose bengal

Rose bengal (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodofluorescein) is a stain.

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Roskamp reaction

The Roskamp reaction was first discovered by Eric J. Roskamp and co-workers in 1989.

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RP-1

RP-1 (alternately, Rocket Propellant-1 or Refined Petroleum-1) is a highly refined form of kerosene outwardly similar to jet fuel, used as rocket fuel.

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RPE65

Retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65 kDa protein, also known as retinoid isomerohydrolase, is an enzyme of the vertebrate visual cycle that is encoded in humans by the RPE65 gene.

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Ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate

Ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate is a coordination complex with the formula Ru(O2C5H7)3.

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Ryōji Noyori

is a Japanese chemist.

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Saegusa–Ito oxidation

The Saegusa–Ito oxidation is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry.

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Sasol

Sasol Limited is an integrated energy and chemical company based in Sandton, South Africa.

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Saturated and unsaturated compounds

In organic chemistry, a saturated compound is a chemical compound that has single bonds.

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Scaptotrigona postica

Scaptotrigona postica (also known locally in Brazil as mandaguari) is a species of stingless bee that lives mainly in Brazil.

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Schwartz's reagent

Schwartz's reagent is the common name for the chemical compound with the formula (C5H5)2ZrHCl, sometimes called zirconocene hydrochloride or zirconocene chloride hydride, and is named after Jeffrey Schwartz, a chemistry professor at Princeton University.

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Schwarziana quadripunctata

Schwarziana quadripunctata is a small, stingless bee found in a stretch of the South American Amazon from Goiás, Brazil, through Paraguay, to Misiones, Argentina.

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Scorpionate ligand

The term scorpionate ligand refers to a tridentate ligand which would bind to a metal in a ''fac'' manner.

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Selenium monochloride

Selenium monochloride is an inorganic compound with the formula Se2Cl2.

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Selenoxide elimination

Selenoxide elimination (also called α-selenation) is a method for the chemical synthesis of alkenes from selenoxides.

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Shale oil

Shale oil is an unconventional oil produced from oil shale rock fragments by pyrolysis, hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution.

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Shapiro reaction

The Shapiro reaction or tosylhydrazone decomposition is an organic reaction in which a ketone or aldehyde is converted to an alkene through an intermediate hydrazone in the presence of 2 equivalents of strong base.

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Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation

Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation (also called the Sharpless bishydroxylation) is the chemical reaction of an alkene with osmium tetroxide in the presence of a chiral quinine ligand to form a vicinal diol.

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Sharpless epoxidation

The Sharpless epoxidation reaction is an enantioselective chemical reaction to prepare 2,3-epoxyalcohols from primary and secondary allylic alcohols.

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Sharpless oxyamination

The Sharpless oxyamination (often known as Sharpless aminohydroxylation) is the chemical reaction of alkenes with alkyl imido osmium compounds to form vicinal amino-alcohols.

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Shi epoxidation

The Shi epoxidation is a chemical reaction described as the asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes with oxone (potassium peroxymonosulfate) and a fructose-derived catalyst (1).

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Silenes

Silene, or silalkenes,Philip P. Power "pi-Bonding and the Lone Pair Effect in Multiple Bonds between Heavier Main Group Elements" Chemical Reviews, 1999, 99, 3462.

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Silicon

Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14.

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Silver

Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin argentum, derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47.

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Silver acetate

Silver acetate is an inorganic compound with the empirical formula CH3CO2Ag (or AgC2H3O2).

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Silver nitrate

Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula.

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Silver(I) fluoride

Silver(I) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula AgF.

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Silyl hydride

Silicon hydrides are chemical compounds which contain a silicon–hydrogen bond.

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Simmons–Smith reaction

The Simmons–Smith reaction is an organic cheletropic reaction involving an organozinc carbenoid that reacts with an alkene (or alkyne) to form a cyclopropane.

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Skeletal formula

The skeletal formula, also called line-angle formula or shorthand formula, of an organic compound is a type of molecular structural formula that serves as a shorthand representation of a molecule's bonding and some details of its molecular geometry.

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SN1 reaction

The SN1 reaction is a substitution reaction in organic chemistry.

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SN2 reaction

The SN2 reaction is a type of reaction mechanism that is common in organic chemistry.

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Sodium tungstate

Sodium tungstate is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2WO4.

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Soot

Soot is a mass of impure carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons.

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Sperm chemotaxis

Sperm chemotaxis is a form of sperm guidance, in which sperm cells (spermatozoa) follow a concentration gradient of a chemoattractant secreted from the oocyte and thereby reach the oocyte.

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Sperm guidance

Sperm guidance is the process by which sperm cells (spermatozoa) are directed to the oocyte (egg) for the aim of fertilization.

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Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators are a class of drugs used as immunomodulators, most notably in cases of multiple sclerosis.

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Spinning (polymers)

Spinning is a manufacturing process for creating polymer fibers.

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Spirotryprostatin B

Spirotryprostatin B is an indolic alkaloid found in the Aspergillus fumigatus fungus that belongs to a class of naturally occurring 2,5-diketopiperazines.

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SSZ-13

SSZ-13 (framework type code CHA) is an aluminosilicate zeolite mineral possessing 0.38 × 0.38 nm micropores.

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Stanene

Stanene is a 2D material and a 2D topological insulator.

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Star-shaped polymer

Star-shaped polymers are the simplest class of branched polymers with a general structure consisting of several (more than three) linear chains connected to a central core.

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Staudinger synthesis

The Staudinger Synthesis, also called the Staudinger Ketene-Imine Cycloaddition, is a chemical synthesis in which an imine reacts with a ketene through a non-photochemical 2+2 cycloaddition to produce a ''β''-lactam.

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Stemodene

Stemodene is a labdane-related diterpene whose corresponding terpene synthase has been discovered in rice and subsequently cloned and functionally characterized.

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Sterculic acid

Sterculic acid is a cyclopropene fatty acid.

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Stille reaction

The Stille reaction, or the Migita–Kosugi–Stille coupling, is a chemical reaction widely used in organic synthesis which involves the coupling of an organotin compound (also known as organostannanes) with a variety of organic electrophiles via palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction.

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Strain (chemistry)

In chemistry, a molecule experiences strain when its chemical structure undergoes some stress which raises its internal energy in comparison to a strain-free reference compound.

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Structural isomer

Structural isomerism, or constitutional isomerism (per IUPAC), is a form of isomerism in which molecules with the same molecular formula have different bonding patterns and atomic organization, as opposed to stereoisomerism, in which molecular bonds are always in the same order and only spatial arrangement differs.

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Structural scheduling of synthetic cannabinoids

To combat the illicit synthetic cannabinoid industry many jurisdictions have created a system to control these cannabinoids through their general (or Markush) structure as opposed to their specific identity (or "street name").

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Strychnine total synthesis

Strychnine total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule strychnine.

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Sulfenic acid

A sulfenic acid is an organosulfur compound and oxoacid with the general formula RSOH.

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Sulfone

A sulfone is a chemical compound containing a sulfonyl functional group attached to two carbon atoms.

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Sulfur dichloride

Sulfur dichloride is the chemical compound with the formula SCl2.

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Sulfur monoxide

Sulfur monoxide is an inorganic compound with formula.

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Sulfuryl chloride

Sulfuryl chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula SO2Cl2.

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Surflon S-111

Surflon S-111 (CAS 72968-3-88) is a commercial product consisting of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in ammonium salt form.

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Suzuki reaction

The Suzuki reaction is an organic reaction, classified as a coupling reaction, where the coupling partners are a boronic acid and an organohalide catalyzed by a palladium(0) complex.

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Swaminathan Sivaram

Swaminathan Sivaram (born 4 November 1946) is an Indian polymer chemist, inventor, institution builder and a former director of the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune.

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Syn and anti addition

In organic chemistry, syn and anti addition are different ways in which two substituents can be added to a double bond or triple bond.

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Syngas to gasoline plus

Syngas to gasoline plus (STG+) is a thermochemical process to convert natural gas, other gaseous hydrocarbons or gasified biomass into drop-in fuels, such as gasoline, diesel fuel or jet fuel, and organic solvents.

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Synthetic molecular motor

Synthetic molecular motors are molecular machines capable of continuous directional rotation under an energy input.

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Synthetic oil

Synthetic oil is a lubricant consisting of chemical compounds that are artificially made.

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Takai olefination

Takai olefination in organic chemistry describes the organic reaction of an aldehyde with a diorganochromium compound to form an alkene.

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Tantalum pentafluoride

Tantalum(V) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula TaF5.

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Tebbe's reagent

The Tebbe reagent is the organometallic compound with the formula (C5H5)2TiCH2ClAl(CH3)2.

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Tetra-tert-butylethylene

Tetra-tert-butylethylene is a hypothetical organic compound, a hydrocarbon with formula C18H36, or ((H3C-)3C-)2C.

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Tetraazidomethane

Tetraazidomethane is a colorless, highly explosive liquid.

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Tetrafluoroethylene

Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) is a fluoromonomer with chemical formula C2F4.

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Tetramethylurea

Tetramethylurea is a aprotic-polar solvent for organic compounds, especially for aromatic compounds and is used e. g. for Grignard reagents.

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The Linde Group

The Linde Group, registered as Linde AG, is a German multinational chemical company founded in 1879.

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Thioacetic acid

Thioacetic acid is an organosulfur compound with the molecular formula CH3COSH.

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Thioenol

Thioenols (also known as alkenthiols) are alkenes with a thiol group affixed to one of the carbon atoms composing the double bond.

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Thioester

In chemistry thioesters are compounds with the functional group R–S–CO–R'.

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Thioether

A thioether is a functional group in organosulfur chemistry with the connectivity C–S–C as shown on right.

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Thiol-ene reaction

The thiol-ene reaction (also alkene hydrothiolation) is an organic reaction between a thiol and an alkene to form an alkyl sulfide.

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Threonine ammonia-lyase

Threonine ammonia-lyase, also commonly referred to as threonine deaminase or threonine dehydratase, is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of L-threonine into alpha-ketobutyrate and ammonia.

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Tin

Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (from stannum) and atomic number 50.

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Titanium ethoxide

Titanium ethoxide is a chemical compound with the formula Ti4(OCH2CH3)16.

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Titanocene pentasulfide

Titanocene pentasulfide is the organotitanium compound with the formula (C5H5)2TiS5, commonly abbreviated as Cp2TiS5.

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Tosoh

is a global chemical and specialty materials company.

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TPPTS

3,3′,3″-Phosphanetriyltris(benzenesulfonic acid) trisodium salt (abbreviated TPPTS when isolated and tppts as a ligand), is an organic compound that is also known as sodium triphenylphosphine trisulfonate.

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Trametes hirsuta

Trametes hirsuta, commonly known as hairy bracket, is a fungal plant pathogen.

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Trammo

Trammo, Inc., (formerly known as Transammonia, Inc., also known as Trammo Group), engages in the international commerce, trade, transportation, distribution, and marketing of fertilizer, chemicals, methanol, crude oil, liquefied petroleum gas, and petrochemicals.

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Transition metal alkyl complexes

Transition metal alkyl complexes are coordination complexes that contain a bond between a transition metal and an alkyl ligand.

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Transition metal fullerene complex

A transition metal fullerene complex is a coordination complex wherein fullerene serves as a ligand.

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Transition state

The transition state of a chemical reaction is a particular configuration along the reaction coordinate.

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Trevor Kletz

Trevor Asher Kletz, OBE, FREng, FRSC, FIChemE (1922–31 October 2013) was a prolific British author on the topic of chemical engineering safety.

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Tributylphosphine

Tributylphosphine is the organophosphorus compound with the formula P(CH).

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Tricarbon

Tricarbon (systematically named 1λ2,3λ2-propadiene and catena-tricarbon) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (also written or). It is a colourless gas that only persists in dilution or solution as an adduct.

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Triethylsilane

Triethylsilane is a silane with the molecular formula C6H16Si.

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Trifluoroperacetic acid

Trifluoroperacetic acid (trifluoroperoxyacetic acid, TFPAA) is the peroxy acid analog of trifluoroacetic acid and has the condensed structural formula.

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Trimethylenemethane cycloaddition

Trimethylenemethane cycloaddition is the formal annulation of trimethylenemethane (TMM) derivatives to two-atom pi systems.

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Triphenyl phosphite

Triphenyl phosphite is the chemical compound with the formula P(OC6H5)3.

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Triphenylphosphine

Triphenylphosphine (IUPAC name: triphenylphosphane) is a common organophosphorus compound with the formula P(C6H5)3 - often abbreviated to PPh3 or Ph3P.

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Tripropylene

Tripropylene, also known as propylene trimer, is a mixture of organic compounds with the formula C9H18.

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Tris(acetylacetonato)iron(III)

Tris(acetylacetonato) iron(III), often abbreviated Fe(acac)3, is a ferric coordination complex featuring acetylacetonate (acac) ligands, making it one of a family of metal acetylacetonates.

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Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane

Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane, sometimes referred to as "BCF", is the chemical compound (C6F5)3B.

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Trivial name

In chemistry, a trivial name is a nonsystematic name for a chemical substance.

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Tropone

Tropone or 2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one is an organic compound with some importance in organic chemistry as a non-benzenoid aromatic.

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Truxillic acid

Truxillic acids are any of several crystalline stereoisomeric cyclic dicarboxylic acids with the formula (C6H5)2C4H4(COOH)2.

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Tsuji–Trost reaction

The Tsuji–Trost reaction (also called the Trost allylic alkylation or allylic alkylation) is a palladium-catalysed substitution reaction involving a substrate that contains a leaving group in an allylic position.

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Unburned hydrocarbon

Unburned hydrocarbons (UHCs) are the hydrocarbons emitted after petroleum is burned in an engine.

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Unsaturated hydrocarbon

Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that have double or triple covalent bonds between adjacent carbon atoms.

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Unsaturated monomer

Unsaturated monomers are those having carbon–carbon double bonds.

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Upjohn dihydroxylation

The Upjohn dihydroxylation is an organic reaction which converts an alkene to a cis vicinal diol.

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Uranium(III) chloride

Uranium(III) chloride, UCl3, is a chemical compound that contains the earth metal uranium and chlorine.

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Urushibara nickel

Urushibara nickel is a nickel based hydrogenation catalyst, named after Yoshiyuki Urushibara.

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Vanadium pentafluoride

Vanadium(V) fluoride is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula VF5.

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Vanadyl acetylacetonate

Vanadyl acetylacetonate is the chemical compound with the formula VO(acac)2, where acac– is the conjugate base of acetylacetone.

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Versalis

Versalis (Polimeri Europa till 5 April 2012) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Eni which specialises in the production of chemicals.

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Vinyl acetate

Vinyl acetate is an organic compound with the formula CH3CO2CH.

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Vinyl group

In chemistry, vinyl or ethenyl is the functional group with the formula −CH.

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Vinyl iodide functional group

In organic chemistry, a vinyl iodide functional group (also known as iodoalkenes) is any alkene with an iodide substituent directly bonded to one of the alkene carbons (sp2).

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Vinyl polymer

Vinyl polymers are a group of polymers derived from vinyl monomers.

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Vinylacetylene

No description.

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Vitamin B12 total synthesis

The total synthesis of the complex biomolecule vitamin B12 was first accomplished by the collaborating research groups of Robert Burns Woodward at Harvard and Albert Eschenmoser at ETH in 1972.

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Vladimir Markovnikov

Vladimir Vasilyevich Markovnikov (Влади́мир Васи́льевич Марко́вников), also spelled as Markownikoff, (December 22, 1838 – February 11, 1904), was a Russian chemist.

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Waggle dance

Waggle dance is a term used in beekeeping and ethology for a particular figure-eight dance of the honey bee.

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Wagner-Jauregg reaction

The Wagner-Jauregg reaction is a classic organic reaction in organic chemistry, named after Theodor Wagner-Jauregg, describing the double Diels–Alder reaction of 2 equivalents of maleic anhydride with a 1,1-diarylethylene.

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Walter Kaminsky

Walter Kaminsky (born May 7, 1941) is a German chemist.

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Wax ester

A wax ester (WE) is an ester of a fatty acid and a fatty alcohol.

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Weinreb ketone synthesis

The Weinreb–Nahm ketone synthesis is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry to make carbon–carbon bonds.

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Wender Taxol total synthesis

The Wender Taxol total synthesis in organic chemistry describes a Taxol total synthesis (one of six to date) by the group of Paul Wender at Stanford University published in 1997.

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Wet processing engineering

Wet processing engineering (WPE) is one of the major streams in textile engineering refers to textile chemicals process engineering and applied science.

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Wilkinson's catalyst

Wilkinson's catalyst, is the common name for chloridotris(triphenylphosphane)rhodium(I), a coordination complex of rhodium with the formula RhCl(PPh3)3 (Ph.

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William D. Emmons

William D. Emmons (November 18, 1924 – December 8, 2001) was an American chemist and published with William S. Wadsworth a modification to the Wittig-Horner reaction using phosphonate-stabilized carbanions, now called the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction or HWE reaction or Horner-Wittig reaction.

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William Summer Johnson

William Summer Johnson (February 24, 1913 – August 19, 1995) was an American chemist and teacher.

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Williams Olefins Plant explosion

The Williams Olefins Plant explosion occurred on June 13, 2013 at a petrochemical plant located in Geismar, an unincorporated and largely industrial area southeast of Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

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Wittig reaction

The Wittig reaction or Wittig olefination is a chemical reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with a triphenyl phosphonium ylide (often called a Wittig reagent) to give an alkene and triphenylphosphine oxide.

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Woodward cis-hydroxylation

The Woodward cis-hydroxylation (also known as the Woodward reaction) is the chemical reaction of alkenes with iodine and silver acetate in wet acetic acid to form cis-diols.

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Woodward's rules

Woodward's rules, named after Robert Burns Woodward and also known as Woodward–Fieser rules (for Louis Fieser) are several sets of empirically derived rules which attempt to predict the wavelength of the absorption maximum (λmax) in an ultraviolet–visible spectrum of a given compound.

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Woollins' reagent

Woollins' reagent is an organic compound containing phosphorus and selenium.

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Wrinkle-resistant fabric

Wrinkle-resistant fabrics are textiles that have been treated to resist external stress and hold their shape.

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Wurtz reaction

The Wurtz reaction, named after Charles-Adolphe Wurtz, is a coupling reaction in organic chemistry, organometallic chemistry and recently inorganic main group polymers, whereby two alkyl halides are reacted with sodium metal in dry ether solution to form a higher alkane: Other metals have also been used to effect the Wurtz coupling, among them silver, zinc, iron, activated copper, indium and a mixture of manganese and copper chloride.

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Xantphos

Xantphos is an organophosphorus compound derived from the heterocycle xanthene.

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Xylocopa micans

Xylocopa micans, also known as the southern carpenter bee, is a species of bee within Xylocopa, the genus of carpenter bees.

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ZACA reaction

The zirconium-catalyzed asymmetric carbo-alumination reaction (or ZACA reaction) was developed by Nobel laureate Ei-ichi Negishi.

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Zaitsev's rule

Saytzeff's rule (or Zaitsev's rule, Saytzev's rule) is an empirical rule for predicting the favored alkene product(s) in elimination reactions.

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Zeolite

Zeolites are microporous, aluminosilicate minerals commonly used as commercial adsorbents and catalysts.

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Zethrene

Zethrene (dibenzonaphthacene) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of two phenalene units fused together.

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Ziegler–Natta catalyst

A Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, is a catalyst used in the synthesis of polymers of 1-alkenes (alpha-olefins).

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Zinc chloride

Zinc chloride is the name of chemical compounds with the formula ZnCl2 and its hydrates.

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Zinc–copper couple

Zinc–copper couple is an alloy of zinc and copper that is employed as a reagent in organic synthesis.

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Zirconium

Zirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40.

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(Benzene)chromium tricarbonyl

(Benzene)chromium tricarbonyl is an organometallic compound with the formula.

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1,1-Dichloroethene

1,1-Dichloroethene, commonly called 1,1-dichloroethylene or vinylidene chloride or 1,1-DCE, is an organochloride with the molecular formula C2H2Cl2.

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1,2-Dimethylcyclopropane

1,2-Dimethylcyclopropane is a cycloalkane consisting of a cyclopropane ring substituted with two methyl groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms.

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1,2-Dimethyldiborane

1,2-Dimethyldiborane is an organoboron compound with the formula 2.

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1,2-rearrangement

A 1,2-rearrangement or 1,2-migration or 1,2-shift or Whitmore 1,2-shift is an organic reaction where a substituent moves from one atom to another atom in a chemical compound.

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1,3-Butadiene

1,3-Butadiene is the organic compound with the formula (CH2.

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1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is a chemical reaction between a 1,3-dipole and a dipolarophile to form a five-membered ring.

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1,4,7-Triazacyclononane

1,4,7-Triazacyclononane, known as "TACN" which is pronounced "tack-en," is a cyclic organic compound with the formula C6H12(NH)3.

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1,7-Octadiene

1,7-Octadiene (C8H14) is a light flammable organic compound.

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1-Butene

1-Butene is an organic chemical compound, linear alpha-olefin (alkene), and one of the isomers of butene.

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1-Dodecene

1-Dodecene is an alkene with the formula C10H21CH.

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1-Hexene

1-Hexene (hex-1-ene) is an organic compound with the formula C6H12.

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1-Octene

1-Octene is an organic compound with a formula CH2CHC6H13.

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1.1.1-Propellane

Propellane is an organic compound, the simplest member of the propellane family.

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18-electron rule

The 18-electron rule is a rule used primarily for predicting and rationalizing formulae for stable metal complexes, especially organometallic compounds.

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1827 in science

The year 1827 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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2+2 photocycloaddition

The photocycloaddition is a cycloaddition-type reaction – it generally entails the formation of new molecules by the reaction of two unsaturated molecules via two atoms from each molecule (hence "").

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2,2'-Bis(2-indenyl) biphenyl

2,2'-Bis(2-indenyl) biphenyl is a ligand used to make organometallic complexes involving two aromatic-stabilized cyclopentadienyl-type carbocycle-to-metal atom bonds, complexes with distinct shapes and catalytic properties.

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2,2,5,5-Tetramethyltetrahydrofuran

In chemistry, 2,2,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran or 2,2,5,5-tetramethyloxolane is a heterocyclic compound with the formula, or (CH3)2(C(CH2)2OC)(CH3)2.

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2,3-Dihydrothiophene

Dihydrothiophene is a heterocyclic compound and an organosulfur compound with the formula SC4H6.

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2,3-sigmatropic rearrangement

2,3-Sigmatropic rearrangements are a type of sigmatropic rearrangements and can be classified into two types.

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2,3-Wittig rearrangement

The -Wittig rearrangement is the transformation of an allylic ether into a homoallylic alcohol via a concerted, pericyclic process.

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2-Butene

2-Butene is an acyclic alkene with four carbon atoms.

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2-Methyl-2-butene

2-Methyl-2-butene, 2m2b, 2-methylbut-2-ene, also amylene is an alkene hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C5H10.

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2-Norbornyl cation

In organic chemistry, the term 2-norbornyl cation (equivalent with 2-bicyclo-heptyl cation) describes one of the three carbocations formed from derivatives of norbornane.

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3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), is an empathogen-entactogen, psychostimulant, and psychedelic drug of the amphetamine family that is encountered mainly as a recreational drug.

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4-Ipomeanol

4-Ipomeanol (4-IPO) is a pulmonary pre-toxin isolated from sweet potatoes infected with the fungus Fusarium solani.

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4-Methyl-1-pentene

4-Methyl-1-pentene is used as a monomer for olefin polymerisation.

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9-Borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane

9-Borabicyclononane or 9-BBN is an organoborane compound.

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Redirects here:

-ene, Alkene oxidation, Alkene polymerisation, Alkene polymerization, Alkenes, Alkenyl, Carbon carbon double bond, Carbon-carbon double bond, Carbon–carbon double bond, Cyclo-olefin, Cyclo-olefins, Dehydration of alcohols to alkenes, Olefin, Olefin polymerisation, Olefin polymerization, Olefine, Olefins, RCHR, Unsaturated (hydrocarbon), Unsaturated hydrocarbons.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkene

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