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Antiplatelet drug

Index Antiplatelet drug

An antiplatelet drug (antiaggregant) is a member of a class of pharmaceuticals that decrease platelet aggregation and inhibit thrombus formation. [1]

107 relations: Abciximab, Acemetacin, Acute coronary syndrome, Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, Adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor, Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, Anticoagulant, Antithrombotic, Arterial embolism, Aspirin, Atrial flutter, Bencyclane, Cangrelor, Carbasalate calcium, Cardiology, Carotid artery stenosis, Celadrin (joint cream), Cerebrovascular disease, Clonixin, Clopidogrel, Coagulation, Congenital hypofibrinogenemia, Coronary artery disease, Coronary stent, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, Deep vein thrombosis, Ditazole, Dysfibrinogenemia, Elinogrel, Embolic stroke of undetermined source, Eptifibatide, Fenugreek, Fibromuscular dysplasia, Fungal isolate, Garlic, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, Glossiphoniidae, Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, GPR17, Gundelia, Heart, Henoch–Schönlein purpura, Higenamine, History of aspirin, History of invasive and interventional cardiology, Ibuprofen, ..., ICD-9-CM Volume 3, IgA nephropathy, Indobufen, Internal bleeding, Jean-Pierre Boissel, List of MeSH codes (D16), List of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, List of unsaturated fatty acids, Lower gastrointestinal bleeding, Management of acute coronary syndrome, Medication, Miroprofen, Moyamoya disease, Multiple electrode aggregometry, Myocardial infarction, Naproxcinod, Narcissus (plant), Natural product, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Nucleoside analogue, Ozagrel, P2Y12, Paracetamol, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Perioperative mortality, Peripheral artery disease, Picotamide, Prasugrel, Purinergic receptor, Purinergic signalling, Ranolazine, Regrelor, Reperfusion therapy, Saw palmetto extract, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Stroke, Subdural hematoma, Swimming-induced pulmonary edema, Terutroban, Thrombosis, Thrombosis prevention, Thromboxane-A synthase, Ticagrelor, Tirofiban, Tony Corrente, Transient ischemic attack, Transradial catheterization, Trapidil, Treatment of equine lameness, Triflusal, Unstable angina, Vascular bypass, Vein graft failure, Vertebral artery dissection, Warfarin, Watershed stroke, White-winged vampire bat. Expand index (57 more) »

Abciximab

Abciximab (previously known as c7E3 Fab), a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist manufactured by Janssen Biologics BV and distributed by Eli Lilly under the trade name ReoPro, is a platelet aggregation inhibitor mainly used during and after coronary artery procedures like angioplasty to prevent platelets from sticking together and causing thrombus (blood clot) formation within the coronary artery.

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Acemetacin

Acemetacin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, lower back pain, and relieving post-operative pain.

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Acute coronary syndrome

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a syndrome (set of signs and symptoms) due to decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries such that part of the heart muscle is unable to function properly or dies.

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Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) (also known as pustular drug eruption and toxic pustuloderma) is a rare skin reaction that in 90% of cases is related to medication administration.

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Adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitors are a drug class of antiplatelet agents, used in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or in preventive treatment for patients who are in risk of thromboembolism, myocardial infarction or a stroke.

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Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia

Alexei Nikolaevich (Алексе́й Никола́евич) (12 August 1904 – 17 July 1918) of the House of Romanov, was the Tsarevich and heir apparent to the throne of the Russian Empire.

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Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System

The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System is used for the classification of active ingredients of drugs according to the organ or system on which they act and their therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical properties.

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Anticoagulant

Anticoagulants, commonly referred to as blood thinners, are chemical substances that prevent or reduce coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time.

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Antithrombotic

An antithrombotic agent is a drug that reduces the formation of blood clots (thrombi).

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Arterial embolism

Arterial embolism is a sudden interruption of blood flow to an organ or body part due to an embolus adhering to the wall of an artery blocking the flow of blood, the major type of embolus being a blood clot (thromboembolism).

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Aspirin

Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a medication used to treat pain, fever, or inflammation.

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Atrial flutter

Atrial flutter (AFL) is a common abnormal heart rhythm that starts in the atrial chambers of the heart.

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Bencyclane

Bencyclane is an antispasmodic, vasodilator & platelet aggregation inhibitor.

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Cangrelor

Cangrelor (trade name Kengreal in the US and Kengrexal in Europe) is a P2Y12 inhibitor FDA approved as of June 2015 as an antiplatelet drug for intravenous application.

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Carbasalate calcium

Carbasalate calcium is an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory drug, as well as a platelet aggregation inhibitor.

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Cardiology

Cardiology (from Greek καρδίᾱ kardiā, "heart" and -λογία -logia, "study") is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart as well as parts of the circulatory system.

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Carotid artery stenosis

Carotid artery stenosis is a narrowing or constriction of any part of the carotid arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis.

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Celadrin (joint cream)

Celadrin (cetylated fatty acids) is a proprietary blend of esterified fatty acids carbons and also the name of a topical analgesic drug that contains this cream and is used for osteoarthritis.

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Cerebrovascular disease

Cerebrovascular disease includes a variety of medical conditions that affect the blood vessels of the brain and the cerebral circulation.

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Clonixin

Clonixin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

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Clopidogrel

Clopidogrel, sold as the brandname Plavix among others, is an antiplatelet medication that is used to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke in those at high risk.

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Coagulation

Coagulation (also known as clotting) is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot.

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Congenital hypofibrinogenemia

Congenital hypofibrinogenemia is a rare disorder in which one of the two genes responsible for producing fibrinogen, a critical blood clotting factor, is unable to make a functional fibrinogen glycoprotein because of an inherited mutation.

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Coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), refers to a group of diseases which includes stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.

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Coronary stent

A coronary stent is a tube-shaped device placed in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart, to keep the arteries open in the treatment of coronary heart disease.

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CYP2B6

Cytochrome P450 2B6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2B6 gene.

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CYP2C19

Cytochrome P450 2C19 (abbreviated CYP2C19) is an enzyme.

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CYP2D6

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2D6 gene.

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CYP3A4

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine.

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Deep vein thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, most commonly the legs.

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Ditazole

Ditazole is a platelet aggregation inhibitor.

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Dysfibrinogenemia

The dysfibrinogenemias consist of three types of fibrinogen disorders in which a critical blood clotting factor, fibrinogen, circulates at normal levels but is dysfunctional.

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Elinogrel

Elinogrel (INN, USAN) was an experimental antiplatelet drug acting as a P2Y12 inhibitor.

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Embolic stroke of undetermined source

Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) is a type of ischemic stroke with an unknown origin, defined as a non-lacunar brain infarct without proximal arterial stenosis or cardioembolic sources.

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Eptifibatide

Eptifibatide (Integrilin, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, also co-promoted by Schering-Plough/Essex), is an antiplatelet drug of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor class.

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Fenugreek

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is an annual plant in the family Fabaceae, with leaves consisting of three small obovate to oblong leaflets.

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Fibromuscular dysplasia

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory disease of the blood vessels that causes abnormal growth within the wall of an artery.

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Fungal isolate

Fungal isolates have been researched for decades.

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Garlic

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, Allium.

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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia

Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is an abnormality of the platelets.

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Glossiphoniidae

Glossiphoniidae are the family called freshwater jawless leeches or glossiphoniids.

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Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors

In medicine, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, also GpIIb/IIIa inhibitors, is a class of antiplatelet agents.

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GPR17

Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that in humans is encoded by the GPR17 gene located on chromosome 2 at position q21.

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Gundelia

Gundelia is a low to high (20–100 cm) thistle-like perennial herbaceous plant with latex, spiny compound inflorescences, reminiscent of teasles and eryngos, that contain cream, yellow, greenish, pink, purple or redish-purple disk florets.

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Heart

The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.

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Henoch–Schönlein purpura

Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) also known as IgA vasculitis, anaphylactoid purpura, purpura rheumatica, and Schönlein–Henoch purpura, is a disease of the skin, mucous membranes, and sometimes other organs that most commonly affects children.

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Higenamine

Higenamine (norcoclaurine) is a chemical compound found in a variety of plants including Nandina domestica (fruit), Aconitum carmichaelii (root), Asarum heterotropioides, Galium divaricatum (stem and vine), Annona squamosa, and Nelumbo nucifera (lotus seeds).

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History of aspirin

The history of aspirin (also known as acetylsalicylic acid or ASA) and the medical use of it and related substances stretches back to antiquity, though pure ASA has only been manufactured and marketed since 1899.

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History of invasive and interventional cardiology

The history of invasive and interventional cardiology is complex, with multiple groups working independently on similar technologies.

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Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is a medication in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) class that is used for treating pain, fever, and inflammation.

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ICD-9-CM Volume 3

ICD-9-CM Volume 3 is a system of procedural codes used by health insurers to classify medical procedures for billing purposes.

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IgA nephropathy

IgA nephropathy (IgAN), also known as IgA nephritis, Berger disease (and variations), or synpharyngitic glomerulonephritis, is a disease of the kidney (or nephropathy); specifically it is a form of glomerulonephritis or an inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney.

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Indobufen

Indobufen is a platelet aggregation inhibitor.

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Internal bleeding

Internal bleeding (also called internal hemorrhage) is a loss of blood that occurs from the vascular system into a body cavity or space.

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Jean-Pierre Boissel

Jean-Pierre Boissel is the co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer of Novadiscovery.

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List of MeSH codes (D16)

This is the fourth part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.

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List of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies

This is a list of therapeutic, diagnostic and preventive monoclonal antibodies, antibodies that are clones of a single parent cell.

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List of unsaturated fatty acids

The following fatty acids have one unsaturated bond.

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Lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding, commonly abbreviated LGIB, is any form of gastrointestinal bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal tract.

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Management of acute coronary syndrome

Management of acute coronary syndrome is targeted against the effects of reduced blood flow to the afflicted area of the heart muscle, usually because of a blood clot in one of the coronary arteries, the vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium.

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Medication

A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.

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Miroprofen

Miroprofen (INN) is an analgesic and NSAID, meaning that it has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antiplatelet aggregation activity.

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Moyamoya disease

Moyamoya disease is a disease in which certain arteries in the brain are constricted.

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Multiple electrode aggregometry

Multiplate multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) is a test of platelet function in whole blood.

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Myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.

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Naproxcinod

Naproxcinod (nitronaproxen) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) developed by the French pharmaceutical company NicOx.

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Narcissus (plant)

Narcissus is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants of the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family.

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Natural product

A natural product is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature.

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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a drug class that reduce pain, decrease fever, prevent blood clots and, in higher doses, decrease inflammation.

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Nucleoside analogue

Nucleoside analogues are nucleosides which contain a nucleic acid analogue and a sugar.

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Ozagrel

Ozagrel (INN) is an antiplatelet agent working as a thromboxane A2 synthesis inhibitor.

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P2Y12

In the field of purinergic signaling, the P2Y12 protein is found mainly but not exclusively on the surface of blood platelets, and is an important regulator in blood clotting.

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Paracetamol

--> Acetanilide was the first aniline derivative serendipitously found to possess analgesic as well as antipyretic properties, and was quickly introduced into medical practice under the name of Antifebrin by A. Cahn and P. Hepp in 1886. But its unacceptable toxic effects, the most alarming being cyanosis due to methemoglobinemia, prompted the search for less toxic aniline derivatives. Harmon Northrop Morse had already synthesised paracetamol at Johns Hopkins University via the reduction of ''p''-nitrophenol with tin in glacial acetic acid in 1877, but it was not until 1887 that clinical pharmacologist Joseph von Mering tried paracetamol on humans. In 1893, von Mering published a paper reporting on the clinical results of paracetamol with phenacetin, another aniline derivative. Von Mering claimed that, unlike phenacetin, paracetamol had a slight tendency to produce methemoglobinemia. Paracetamol was then quickly discarded in favor of phenacetin. The sales of phenacetin established Bayer as a leading pharmaceutical company. Overshadowed in part by aspirin, introduced into medicine by Heinrich Dreser in 1899, phenacetin was popular for many decades, particularly in widely advertised over-the-counter "headache mixtures", usually containing phenacetin, an aminopyrine derivative of aspirin, caffeine, and sometimes a barbiturate. Paracetamol is the active metabolite of phenacetin and acetanilide, both once popular as analgesics and antipyretics in their own right. However, unlike phenacetin, acetanilide and their combinations, paracetamol is not considered carcinogenic at therapeutic doses. Von Mering's claims remained essentially unchallenged for half a century, until two teams of researchers from the United States analyzed the metabolism of acetanilide and paracetamol. In 1947 David Lester and Leon Greenberg found strong evidence that paracetamol was a major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and in a subsequent study they reported that large doses of paracetamol given to albino rats did not cause methemoglobinemia. In three papers published in the September 1948 issue of the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bernard Brodie, Julius Axelrod and Frederick Flinn confirmed using more specific methods that paracetamol was the major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and established that it was just as efficacious an analgesic as its precursor. They also suggested that methemoglobinemia is produced in humans mainly by another metabolite, phenylhydroxylamine. A follow-up paper by Brodie and Axelrod in 1949 established that phenacetin was also metabolised to paracetamol. This led to a "rediscovery" of paracetamol. It has been suggested that contamination of paracetamol with 4-aminophenol, the substance von Mering synthesised it from, may be the cause for his spurious findings. Paracetamol was first marketed in the United States in 1950 under the name Triagesic, a combination of paracetamol, aspirin, and caffeine. Reports in 1951 of three users stricken with the blood disease agranulocytosis led to its removal from the marketplace, and it took several years until it became clear that the disease was unconnected. Paracetamol was marketed in 1953 by Sterling-Winthrop Co. as Panadol, available only by prescription, and promoted as preferable to aspirin since it was safe for children and people with ulcers. In 1955, paracetamol was marketed as Children's Tylenol Elixir by McNeil Laboratories. In 1956, 500 mg tablets of paracetamol went on sale in the United Kingdom under the trade name Panadol, produced by Frederick Stearns & Co, a subsidiary of Sterling Drug Inc. In 1963, paracetamol was added to the British Pharmacopoeia, and has gained popularity since then as an analgesic agent with few side-effects and little interaction with other pharmaceutical agents. Concerns about paracetamol's safety delayed its widespread acceptance until the 1970s, but in the 1980s paracetamol sales exceeded those of aspirin in many countries, including the United Kingdom. This was accompanied by the commercial demise of phenacetin, blamed as the cause of analgesic nephropathy and hematological toxicity. In 1988 Sterling Winthrop was acquired by Eastman Kodak which sold the over the counter drug rights to SmithKline Beecham in 1994. Available without a prescription since 1959, it has since become a common household drug. Patents on paracetamol have long expired, and generic versions of the drug are widely available.

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Percutaneous coronary intervention

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a non-surgical procedure used to treat narrowing (stenosis) of the coronary arteries of the heart found in coronary artery disease.

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Perioperative mortality

Perioperative mortality has been defined as any death, regardless of cause, occurring within 30 days after surgery in or out of the hospital.

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Peripheral artery disease

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a narrowing of the arteries other than those that supply the heart or the brain.

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Picotamide

Picotamide is a platelet aggregation inhibitor.

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Prasugrel

Prasugrel (trade name Effient in the US and India, and Efient in the EU) is a drug used to prevent formation of blood clots.

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Purinergic receptor

Purinergic receptors, also known as purinoceptors, are a family of plasma membrane molecules that are found in almost all mammalian tissues.

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Purinergic signalling

Purinergic signalling (or signaling: see American and British English differences) is a form of extracellular signalling mediated by purine nucleotides and nucleosides such as adenosine and ATP.

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Ranolazine

Ranolazine, sold under the trade name Ranexa by Gilead Sciences, is a drug to treat angina that was first approved in 2006.

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Regrelor

Regrelor (also known as INS50589) is an experimental antiplatelet drug that was under investigation by Merck Sharp and Dohme in human clinical trials.

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Reperfusion therapy

Reperfusion therapy is a medical treatment to restore blood flow, either through or around, blocked arteries, typically after a heart attack (myocardial infarction (MI)).

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Saw palmetto extract

Saw palmetto extract is an extract of the fruit of the saw palmetto.

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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders.

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Stroke

A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.

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Subdural hematoma

A subdural hematoma (SDH), is a type of hematoma, usually associated with traumatic brain injury.

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Swimming-induced pulmonary edema

Swimming induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), also known as immersion pulmonary edema, occurs when fluids from the blood leak abnormally from the small vessels of the lung (pulmonary capillaries) into the airspaces (alveoli).

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Terutroban

Terutroban is an antiplatelet agent developed by Servier Laboratories. It has been tested for the secondary prevention of acute thrombotic complications in the Phase III clinical trial PERFORM (Prevention of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular Events of ischemic origin with teRutroban in patients with a history oF ischemic strOke or tRansient ischeMic attack). The study was prematurely stopped and thus it could not be determined whether terutroban has a better effect than aspirin.

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Thrombosis

Thrombosis (from Ancient Greek θρόμβωσις thrómbōsis "clotting”) is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.

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Thrombosis prevention

Thrombosis prevention, also known as thrombosis prophylaxis, are treatments to prevent the formation of blood clots inside a blood vessel.

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Thromboxane-A synthase

Thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A), also known as TBXAS1, is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the TBXAS1 gene.

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Ticagrelor

Ticagrelor (trade name Brilinta, Brilique, and Possia) is a platelet aggregation inhibitor produced by AstraZeneca.

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Tirofiban

Tirofiban (INN, trade name Aggrastat) is an antiplatelet drug.

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Tony Corrente

Anthony Joseph Corrente (born November 12, 1951) is an American football official in the National Football League (NFL) since the 1995 NFL season.

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Transient ischemic attack

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by loss of blood flow (ischemia) in the brain, spinal cord, or retina, without tissue death (infarction).

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Transradial catheterization

Transradial catheterization is an endovascular procedure or catherization procedure performed to diagnose and treat arterial disease (e.g., coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, etc.). Endovascular procedure can be performed achieving access in to body’s arterial system from either femoral artery (in groin), brachial artery (in elbow) or radial artery in the wrist.

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Trapidil

Trapidil is a vasodilator and an antiplatelet drug.

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Treatment of equine lameness

The treatment of equine lameness is a complex subject.

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Triflusal

Triflusal is a platelet aggregation inhibitor that was discovered and developed in the Uriach Laboratories, and commercialised in Spain since 1981.

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Unstable angina

Unstable angina (UA) is a type of angina pectoris that is irregular.

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Vascular bypass

A vascular bypass (or vascular graft) is a surgical procedure performed to redirect blood flow from one area to another by reconnecting blood vessels.

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Vein graft failure

In medicine, vein graft failure (VGF) is a condition in which vein grafts, which are used as alternative conduits in bypass surgeries (e.g. CABG), get occluded.

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Vertebral artery dissection

Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is a flap-like tear of the inner lining of the vertebral artery, which is located in the neck and supplies blood to the brain.

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Warfarin

Warfarin, sold under the brand name Coumadin among others, is a medication that is used as an anticoagulant (blood thinner).

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Watershed stroke

A watershed stroke or watershed infarct is defined as a brain ischemia that is localized to the vulnerable border zones between the tissues supplied by the anterior, posterior and middle cerebral arteries.

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White-winged vampire bat

The white-winged vampire bat (Diaemus youngi), a species of vampire bat, is the only member of the genus Diaemus.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiplatelet_drug

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