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Background radiation

Index Background radiation

Background radiation is a measure of the ionizing radiation present in the environment at a particular location which is not due to deliberate introduction of radiation sources. [1]

146 relations: Acerinox, Actinides in the environment, Adolf Patera, Astronomical radio source, Atia, Bulgaria, Atlanta's second airport, Atmospheric electricity, Background, Background level, Background radiation equivalent time, Backscatter X-ray, Banana equivalent dose, Becquerel, Bioremediation of radioactive waste, Borexino, BRCA mutation, Cancer, Cancer prevention, Capsid, Cargo scanning, Chernobyl disaster, Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant sarcophagus, Christopher Busby, Church Rock uranium mill spill, Colonization of trans-Neptunian objects, Compact Linear Collider, Coronary CT angiography, Cryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with Neon, Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers, CT scan, Data corruption, David Hahn, Dawson Forest, Deinococcus radiodurans, Dielectric strength, Discworld (world), Dolomite, Dynamic random-access memory, E. Gail de Planque, ECC memory, Effects of the Chernobyl disaster, Electric spark, Electromagnetic radiation and health, Electron avalanche, Enriched Xenon Observatory, Environmental radioactivity, Ernest J. Sternglass, Extinct radionuclide, Flame detector, Gamma spectroscopy, ..., Gas mantle, George R. Rossman, Germanium Detector Array, Gilbert U-238 Atomic Energy Laboratory, Glossary of physics, Goiânia accident, Gornji Milanovac, Guarapari, Health effects of radon, Health physics, Health threat from cosmic rays, Index of physics articles (B), Induced radioactivity, Infrared sensing in snakes, Ionizing radiation, Irradiation, Kamioka Observatory, Karunagappalli, Linear no-threshold model, List of civilian nuclear accidents, List of civilian radiation accidents, List of MeSH codes (H01), List of Planet of the Apes characters, List of Women in Technology International Hall of Fame inductees, Low-background steel, Low-level waste, Medical physics, Meteorology, Mir, Mount Everest, Naturally occurring radioactive material, Neutrino, Niue, Non-renewable resource, Nuclear energy policy of the United States, Nuclear medicine, Nuclear power, Nuclear power debate, Nuclear safety and security, Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll, Orders of magnitude (radiation), PandaX, Pandora's Promise, Paul S. Wesson, Pechora–Kama Canal, Period 6 element, PICO, Potassium-40, Program 437, Project Orion (nuclear propulsion), Public health, PUREX, Radiation, Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Radiation hormesis, Radiation-induced cancer, Radio, Radioactive contamination, Radioactive decay, Radioactive Incident Monitoring Network, Radioactive waste, Radioactivity (song), Radioactivity in the life sciences, Radiobiology, Radiography, Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland, Radiometric dating, Radiophobia, Radioresistance, Radiosensitivity, Radon, Ramsar, Mazandaran, Red Dwarf: Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers, Relative biological effectiveness, Robertson Panel, Roentgen equivalent man, Signal transfer function, SIMPLE (dark matter experiment), Small article monitor, SNOLAB, Sotir Kuneshka, Soudan 2, Soviet submarine K-431, Space habitat, Spectral energy distribution, Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect, Terrestrial, Trace radioisotope, Trinity (nuclear test), Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, Uses of radioactivity in oil and gas wells, Walter E. Fernald Developmental Center, Whole-body counting, World Without End (film), X-ray, Yangjiang. Expand index (96 more) »

Acerinox

Acerinox, S.A. is a stainless steel manufacturing conglomerate group based in Spain.

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Actinides in the environment

Actinides in the environment refer to the sources, environmental behaviour and effects of actinides in Earth's environment.

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Adolf Patera

Adolf Patera (11 July 1819 Vienna – 26 June 1894), was a Bohemian chemist, mineralogist and metallurgist, best known for the important role he played in the utilisation of uranium in colour production in glass, and associated with silver extraction from the mines at Joachimsthal, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, now known as Jáchymov.

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Astronomical radio source

Astronomical radio sources are objects in outer space that emit strong radio waves.

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Atia, Bulgaria

Atiya or Atia (Атия.) is a village in Sozopol Municipality, Burgas Province, southeastern Bulgaria.

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Atlanta's second airport

Atlanta's second airport was an idea being studied by the city of Atlanta, Georgia, United States.

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Atmospheric electricity

Atmospheric electricity is the study of electrical charges in the Earth's atmosphere (or that of another planet).

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Background

Background may refer to.

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Background level

Background level may refer to.

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Background radiation equivalent time

Background Radiation Equivalent Time, or BRET, is a unit of measurement of ionizing radiation dosage.

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Backscatter X-ray

Backscatter X-ray is an advanced X-ray imaging technology.

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Banana equivalent dose

Banana equivalent dose (BED) is an informal measurement of ionizing radiation exposure, intended as a general educational example to compare a dose of radioactivity to the dose one is exposed to by eating one average-sized banana.

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Becquerel

The becquerel (symbol: Bq) is the SI derived unit of radioactivity.

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Bioremediation of radioactive waste

Bioremediation of radioactive waste or bioremediation of radionuclides is an application of bioremediation based on the use of biological agents bacteria, plants and fungi (natural or genetically modified) to catalyze chemical reactions that allow the decontamination of sites affected by radionuclides.

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Borexino

Borexino is a particle physics experiment to study low energy (sub-MeV) solar neutrinos.

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BRCA mutation

A BRCA mutation is a mutation in either of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which are tumour suppressor genes.

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Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

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Cancer prevention

Cancer prevention is the practice of taking active measures to decrease the incidence of cancer and mortality.

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Capsid

A capsid is the protein shell of a virus.

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Cargo scanning

Cargo scanning or non-intrusive inspection (NII) refers to non-destructive methods of inspecting and identifying goods in transportation systems.

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Chernobyl disaster

The Chernobyl disaster, also referred to as the Chernobyl accident, was a catastrophic nuclear accident.

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Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant sarcophagus

The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant sarcophagus or Shelter Object (Об'єкт "Укриття") is a massive steel and concrete structure covering the nuclear reactor No.

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Christopher Busby

Christopher Busby (born 1 September 1945) is a British scientist and expert on the health effects of internal ionising radiation.

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Church Rock uranium mill spill

The Church Rock uranium mill spill occurred in the US state of New Mexico on July 16, 1979, when United Nuclear Corporation's Church Rock uranium mill tailings disposal pond breached its dam.

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Colonization of trans-Neptunian objects

Freeman Dyson has proposed that trans-Neptunian objects, rather than planets, are the major potential habitat of life in space.

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Compact Linear Collider

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a concept for a future linear particle accelerator that aims to explore the next energy frontier.

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Coronary CT angiography

Coronary CT angiography (CTA) is the use of computed tomography (CT) angiography to assess the coronary arteries of the heart.

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Cryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with Neon

The Cryogenic Low-Energy Astrophysics with Noble liquids (CLEAN) experiment by the DEAP/CLEAN collaboration is searching for dark matter using noble gases at the SNOLAB underground facility.

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Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers

The Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers (CRESST) is a collaboration of European experimental particle physics groups involved in the construction of cryogenic detectors for direct dark matter searches.

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CT scan

A CT scan, also known as computed tomography scan, makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of specific areas of a scanned object, allowing the user to see inside the object without cutting.

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Data corruption

Data corruption refers to errors in computer data that occur during writing, reading, storage, transmission, or processing, which introduce unintended changes to the original data.

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David Hahn

David Charles Hahn (October 30, 1976 – September 27, 2016), sometimes called the Radioactive Boy Scout or the Nuclear Boy Scout, was an American who in 1994, at age 17, attempted to build a homemade breeder reactor.

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Dawson Forest

See also: Georgia Nuclear Aircraft Laboratory Dawson Forest is a public-use forest located in Dawson County, Georgia, southwest of Dawsonville.

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Deinococcus radiodurans

Deinococcus radiodurans is an extremophilic bacterium, one of the most radiation-resistant organisms known.

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Dielectric strength

In physics, the term dielectric strength has the following meanings.

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Discworld (world)

The Discworld is the fictional setting for all of Terry Pratchett's Discworld fantasy novels.

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Dolomite

Dolomite is an anhydrous carbonate mineral composed of calcium magnesium carbonate, ideally The term is also used for a sedimentary carbonate rock composed mostly of the mineral dolomite.

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Dynamic random-access memory

Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) is a type of random access semiconductor memory that stores each bit of data in a separate tiny capacitor within an integrated circuit.

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E. Gail de Planque

Eileen Gail de Planque (also Eileen Gail de Planque Burke, best known as E. Gail de Planque; 1944 – September 8, 2010) was an American nuclear physicist.

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ECC memory

Error-correcting code memory (ECC memory) is a type of computer data storage that can detect and correct the most common kinds of internal data corruption.

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Effects of the Chernobyl disaster

The 1986 Chernobyl disaster triggered the release of substantial amounts of radioactivity into the atmosphere in the form of both particulate and gaseous radioisotopes.

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Electric spark

An electric spark is an abrupt electrical discharge that occurs when a sufficiently high electric field creates an ionized, electrically conductive channel through a normally-insulating medium, often air or other gases or gas mixtures.

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Electromagnetic radiation and health

Electromagnetic radiation can be classified into two types: ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation, based on the capability of a single photon with more than 10 eV energy to ionize oxygen or break chemical bonds.

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Electron avalanche

An electron avalanche is a process in which a number of free electrons in a transmission medium are subjected to strong acceleration by an electric field and subsequently collide with other atoms of the medium, thereby ionizing them (impact ionization).

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Enriched Xenon Observatory

The Enriched Xenon Observatory (EXO) is a particle physics experiment searching for neutrinoless double beta decay of xenon-136 at WIPP near Carlsbad, New Mexico, U.S. Neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) detection would prove the Majorana nature of neutrinos and impact the neutrino mass values and ordering.

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Environmental radioactivity

Environmental radioactivity is produced by radioactive materials in the human environment.

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Ernest J. Sternglass

Ernest Joachim Sternglass (September 24, 1923 – February 12, 2015) was a professor emeritus at the University of Pittsburgh and director of the Radiation and Public Health Project.

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Extinct radionuclide

An extinct radionuclide is a radionuclide that was formed by nucleosynthesis before the formation of the Solar System, about 4.6 billion years ago, and incorporated into it, but has since decayed to virtually zero abundance, due to having a half-life shorter than about 100 million years.

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Flame detector

A flame detector is a sensor designed to detect and respond to the presence of a flame or fire, allowing flame detection.

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Gamma spectroscopy

Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the quantitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, in such as the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics.

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Gas mantle

An incandescent gas mantle, gas mantle or Welsbach mantle is a device for generating bright white light when heated by a flame.

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George R. Rossman

George R. Rossman is an American mineralogist and the Professor of Mineralogy at the California Institute of Technology.

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Germanium Detector Array

The Germanium Detector Array (or GERDA) experiment is searching for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) in Ge-76 at the underground Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS).

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Gilbert U-238 Atomic Energy Laboratory

The Gilbert U-238 Atomic Energy Lab is a toy lab set that was produced by Alfred Carlton Gilbert, who was an American athlete, magician, toy-maker, business man, and inventor of the well-known Erector Set.

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Glossary of physics

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Goiânia accident

The Goiânia accident was a radioactive contamination accident that occurred on September 13, 1987, at Goiânia, in the Brazilian state of Goiás, after a forgotten radiotherapy source was taken from an abandoned hospital site in the city.

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Gornji Milanovac

Gornji Milanovac (Гoрњи Милановац) is a town and municipality located in the Moravica District of central Serbia.

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Guarapari

Guarapari is a coastal town of Espírito Santo, Brazil, a popular tourist destination.

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Health effects of radon

Radon is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, occurring naturally as the decay product of radium.

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Health physics

Health physics is the applied physics of radiation protection for health and health care purposes.

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Health threat from cosmic rays

The health threat from cosmic rays is the danger posed by galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar energetic particles to astronauts on interplanetary missions or any missions that venture through the Van-Allen Belts or outside the Earth's magnetosphere.

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Index of physics articles (B)

The index of physics articles is split into multiple pages due to its size.

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Induced radioactivity

Induced radioactivity occurs when a previously stable material has been made radioactive by exposure to specific radiation.

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Infrared sensing in snakes

The ability to sense infrared thermal radiation evolved independently in several different families of snakes.

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Ionizing radiation

Ionizing radiation (ionising radiation) is radiation that carries enough energy to liberate electrons from atoms or molecules, thereby ionizing them.

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Irradiation

Irradiation is the process by which an object is exposed to radiation.

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Kamioka Observatory

The is a neutrino and gravitational waves laboratory located underground in the Mozumi Mine of the Kamioka Mining and Smelting Co. near the Kamioka section of the city of Hida in Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

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Karunagappalli

Karunagappalli, also written as Karunagappally, is a municipality in Kollam district of Kerala, India.

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Linear no-threshold model

The linear no-threshold model (LNT) is a model used in radiation protection to quantify radiation exposure and set regulatory limits.

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List of civilian nuclear accidents

This article lists notable civilian accidents involving fissile nuclear material or nuclear reactors.

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List of civilian radiation accidents

This article lists notable civilian accidents involving radioactive materials or involving ionizing radiation from artificial sources such as x-ray tubes and particle accelerators.

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List of MeSH codes (H01)

The following is a list of the "H" codes for MeSH.

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List of Planet of the Apes characters

The ''Planet of the Apes'' franchise contains many characters that appear in one or more works.

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List of Women in Technology International Hall of Fame inductees

The Women in Technology International Hall of Fame was established in 1996 by Women in Technology International (WITI) to honor women who contribute to the fields of science and technology.

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Low-background steel

Low-background steel is any steel produced prior to the detonation of the first atomic bombs in the 1940s and 1950s.

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Low-level waste

Low-level waste (LLW) is nuclear waste that does not fit into the categorical definitions for intermediate-level waste (ILW), high-level waste (HLW), spent nuclear fuel (SNF), transuranic waste (TRU), or certain byproduct materials known as 11e(2) wastes, such as uranium mill tailings.

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Medical physics

Medical physics (also called biomedical physics, medical biophysics or applied physics in medicine) is, generally speaking, the application of physics concepts, theories and methods to medicine or healthcare.

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Meteorology

Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences which includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics, with a major focus on weather forecasting.

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Mir

Mir (Мир,; lit. peace or world) was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia.

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Mount Everest

Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmāthā and in Tibetan as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas.

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Naturally occurring radioactive material

Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) and Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) consist of materials, usually industrial wastes or by-products enriched with radioactive elements found in the environment, such as uranium, thorium and potassium and any of their decay products, such as radium and radon.

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Neutrino

A neutrino (denoted by the Greek letter ν) is a fermion (an elementary particle with half-integer spin) that interacts only via the weak subatomic force and gravity.

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Niue

Niue (Niuean: Niuē) is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean, northeast of New Zealand, east of Tonga, south of Samoa, and west of the Cook Islands.

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Non-renewable resource

A non-renewable resource (also called a finite resource) is a resource that does not renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable economic extraction in meaningful human time-frames.

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Nuclear energy policy of the United States

The nuclear energy policy of the United States developed within two main periods, from 1954–1992 and 2005–2010.

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Nuclear medicine

Nuclear medicine is a medical specialty involving the application of radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

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Nuclear power

Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant.

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Nuclear power debate

The nuclear power debate is a long-running controversy about the risks and benefits of using nuclear reactors to generate electricity for civilian purposes.

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Nuclear safety and security

Nuclear safety is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "The achievement of proper operating conditions, prevention of accidents or mitigation of accident consequences, resulting in protection of workers, the public and the environment from undue radiation hazards".

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Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll

The nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll program was a series of 23 nuclear devices detonated by the United States between 1946 and 1958 at seven test sites on the reef itself, on the sea, in the air and underwater.

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Orders of magnitude (radiation)

Recognized effects of higher acute radiation doses are described in more detail in the article on radiation poisoning.

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PandaX

The Particle and Astrophysical Xenon Detector, or PandaX, is a dark matter detection experiment at China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL) in Sichuan, China.

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Pandora's Promise

Pandora's Promise is a 2013 documentary film about the nuclear power debate, directed by Robert Stone.

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Paul S. Wesson

Paul S. Wesson, B.Sc., Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.A.S (September 11, 1949 – September 16, 2015) was a professor of astrophysics and theoretical physics.

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Pechora–Kama Canal

The Pechora–Kama Canal (Канал Печора-Кама), or sometimes the Kama–Pechora Canal, was a proposed canal intended to link up the basin of the Pechora River in the north of European Russia with the basin of the Kama, a tributary of the Volga.

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Period 6 element

A period 6 element is one of the chemical elements in the sixth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements, including the lanthanides.

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PICO

PICO is an experiment searching for direct evidence of dark matter using a bubble chamber of chlorofluorocarbon (Freon) as the active mass.

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Potassium-40

Potassium-40 (40K) is a radioactive isotope of potassium which has a very long half-life of 1.251 years.

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Program 437

Program 437 was the second anti-satellite weapons program of the U.S. military.

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Project Orion (nuclear propulsion)

Project Orion was a study of a spacecraft intended to be directly propelled by a series of explosions of atomic bombs behind the craft (nuclear pulse propulsion).

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Public health

Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals".

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PUREX

PUREX is a chemical method used to purify fuel for nuclear reactors or nuclear weapons.

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Radiation

In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.

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Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster

The radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster are the observed and predicted effects as a result of the release of radioactive isotopes from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.

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Radiation hormesis

Radiation hormesis is the hypothesis that low doses of ionizing radiation (within the region of and just above natural background levels) are beneficial, stimulating the activation of repair mechanisms that protect against disease, that are not activated in absence of ionizing radiation.

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Radiation-induced cancer

Up to 10% of invasive cancers are related to radiation exposure, including both ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation.

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Radio

Radio is the technology of using radio waves to carry information, such as sound, by systematically modulating properties of electromagnetic energy waves transmitted through space, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width.

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Radioactive contamination

Radioactive contamination, also called radiological contamination, is the deposition of, or presence of radioactive substances on surfaces or within solids, liquids or gases (including the human body), where their presence is unintended or undesirable (from the International Atomic Energy Agency - IAEA - definition).

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Radioactive decay

Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay or radioactivity) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy (in terms of mass in its rest frame) by emitting radiation, such as an alpha particle, beta particle with neutrino or only a neutrino in the case of electron capture, gamma ray, or electron in the case of internal conversion.

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Radioactive Incident Monitoring Network

The Radioactive Incident Monitoring Network (RIMNET) is a network of 91 monitoring stations, used by the Government of the United Kingdom, which records and analyses the level of radioactivity across the United Kingdom.

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Radioactive waste

Radioactive waste is waste that contains radioactive material.

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Radioactivity (song)

"Radioactivity" ("Radioaktivität") is a song by the German electronic music band Kraftwerk, featuring Emil Schult.

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Radioactivity in the life sciences

Radioactivity is generally used in life sciences for highly sensitive and direct measurements of biological phenomena, and for visualizing the location of biomolecules radiolabelled with a radioisotope.

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Radiobiology

Radiobiology (also known as radiation biology) is a field of clinical and basic medical sciences that involves the study of the action of ionizing radiation on living things, especially health effects of radiation.

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Radiography

Radiography is an imaging technique using X-rays to view the internal form of an object.

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Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland

The Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland (RPII), An Institiúid Éireannach um Chosaint Raideolaíoch, was an independent public body in Ireland under the aegis of the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment.

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Radiometric dating

Radiometric dating or radioactive dating is a technique used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, in which trace radioactive impurities were selectively incorporated when they were formed.

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Radiophobia

Radiophobia is an obsessive fear of ionizing radiation, in particular, fear of X-rays.

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Radioresistance

Radioresistance is the level of ionizing radiation that organisms are able to withstand.

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Radiosensitivity

Radiosensitivity is the relative susceptibility of cells, tissues, organs or organisms to the harmful effect of ionizing radiation.

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Radon

Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86.

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Ramsar, Mazandaran

Ramsar (رامسر, also Romanized as Rāmsar and Rānsar; formerly, Sakht Sar) is the capital of Ramsar County, Mazandaran Province, Iran.

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Red Dwarf: Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers

Red Dwarf: Infinity Welcomes Careful Drivers is a best-selling science fiction comedy novel by Grant Naylor, the collective name for Rob Grant and Doug Naylor, co-creators and writers of the Red Dwarf television series, on which the novel is based.

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Relative biological effectiveness

In radiobiology, the relative biological effectiveness (often abbreviated as RBE) is the ratio of biological effectiveness of one type of ionizing radiation relative to another, given the same amount of absorbed energy.

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Robertson Panel

The Robertson Panel was a scientific committee which met in January 1953 headed by Howard P. Robertson.

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Roentgen equivalent man

The roentgen equivalent man (or rem) is an older, CGS unit of equivalent dose, effective dose, and committed dose which are measures of the health effect of low levels of ionizing radiation on the human body.

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Signal transfer function

The signal transfer function (SiTF) is a measure of the signal output versus the signal input of a system such as an infrared system or sensor.

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SIMPLE (dark matter experiment)

SIMPLE (Superheated Instrument for Massive ParticLe Experiments) is an experiment search for direct evidence of dark matter.

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Small article monitor

A Small Article Monitor or SAM is a monitoring device designed to screen small items of up to 50 pounds weight for radioactive contamination.

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SNOLAB

SNOLAB is a Canadian underground physics laboratory at a depth of 2 km in Vale's Creighton nickel mine in Sudbury, Ontario.

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Sotir Kuneshka

Sotir Kuneshka (1912–1991) was an Albanian physicist and academic.

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Soudan 2

Soudan 2 was a particle detector located in the Soudan Mine in Northern Minnesota, United States.

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Soviet submarine K-431

Soviet submarine K-431 (originally the Soviet submarine K-31) was a Soviet nuclear-powered submarine that had a reactor accident on 10 August 1985.

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Space habitat

A space habitat (also called a space colony, space settlement, orbital habitat, orbital settlement or orbital colony) is a type of space station, intended as a permanent settlement rather than as a simple way-station or other specialized facility.

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Spectral energy distribution

A spectral energy distribution (SED) is a plot of energy versus frequency or wavelength of light (not to be confused with a 'spectrum' of flux density vs frequency or wavelength).

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Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect

The Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect (named after Rashid Sunyaev and Yakov B. Zel'dovich and often abbreviated as the SZ effect) is the distortion of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) through inverse Compton scattering by high energy electrons in galaxy clusters, in which the low energy CMB photons receive an average energy boost during collision with the high energy cluster electrons.

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Terrestrial

Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth.

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Trace radioisotope

A trace radioisotope is a radioisotope that occurs naturally in trace amounts (i.e. extremely small).

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Trinity (nuclear test)

Trinity was the code name of the first detonation of a nuclear weapon.

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Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite

The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) was a NASA-operated orbital observatory whose mission was to study the Earth’s atmosphere, particularly the protective ozone layer.

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Uses of radioactivity in oil and gas wells

Radioactive sources are used for logging formation parameters.

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Walter E. Fernald Developmental Center

The Walter E. Fernald State School, later the Walter E. Fernald Developmental Center (aka Fernald Developmental Center or simply Fernald), was the Western hemisphere's oldest publicly funded institution serving people with developmental disabilities.

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Whole-body counting

In health physics, whole-body counting refers to the measurement of radioactivity within the human body.

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World Without End (film)

World Without End (also known as Flight to the Future) is a 1956 science fiction film in CinemaScope and Technicolor from Allied Artists, produced by Richard Heermance, directed by Edward Bernds, and starring Hugh Marlowe and Nancy Gates.

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X-ray

X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation.

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Yangjiang

Yangjiang, formerly romanized as Yeungkong, is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Guangdong Province in the People's Republic of China.

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Redirects here:

Background Radiation, Background count, Environmental radiation, Natural background radiation, Natural radiation, Natural radioactivity, Radiation background, Terrestrial radiation.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Background_radiation

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