Communication

9981 relations: 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project, -bacter, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, A.C. 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flocculans, Hymenobacter gelipurpurascens, Hymenobacter ginsengisoli, Hymenobacter glaciei, Hymenobacter kanuolensis, Hymenobacter koreensis, Hymenobacter latericoloratus, Hymenobacter luteus, Hymenobacter metalli, Hymenobacter norwichensis, Hymenobacter ocellatus, Hymenobacter perfusus, Hymenobacter psychrophilus, Hymenobacter psychrotolerans, Hymenobacter qilianensis, Hymenobacter rigui, Hymenobacter roseosalivarius, Hymenobacter roseus, Hymenobacter ruber, Hymenobacter saemangeumensis, Hymenobacter soli, Hymenobacter terrenus, Hymenobacter tibetensis, Hymenobacter wooponensis, Hymenobacter xinjiangensis, Hymenobacter yonginensis, Hypersensitive response, Hyperthermia, Hyperthermophile, Hypertryptophanemia, Hyphomicrobiaceae, Hyphomicrobium, Hyphomicrobium aestuarii, Hyphomicrobium chloromethanicum, Hyphomicrobium coagulans, Hyphomicrobium denitrificans, Hyphomicrobium facile, Hyphomicrobium hollandicum, Hyphomicrobium methylovorum, Hyphomicrobium nitrativorans, Hyphomicrobium 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Hamaker, John Howard Northrop, John LeKay, John Lykoudis, John Postgate (microbiologist), John Roth (geneticist), John Todd (Canadian biologist), John Woodland Hastings, Jonesiaceae, Joseph Charles Arthur, Joshua Lederberg, Jostein Goksøyr, Journal of Ecology, Journal of Medical Microbiology, Joy (dishwashing liquid), Julio Collado-Vides, Julius Arnold, Julius T. Csotonyi, JUMPstart RNA motif, Jundiz recycling plant, Juxtacrine signalling, K252a, Kaistia, Kaistia adipata, Kaistia dalseonensis, Kaistia defluvii, Kaistia geumhonensis, Kaistia granuli, Kaistia hirudinis, Kaistia soli, Kaistia terrae, Kanab ambersnail, Kanamycin A, Kandleria, Kandleria vitulina, Kappa organism, Karima Shapandar, Karius and Bactus, Karl Heinrich Ritthausen, Karl Stetter, Karl Weigert, Kay's Tutor v Ayrshire & Arran Health Board, Kazacharthra, KduI/IolB isomerase family, Kefir, KEGG, Kelch motif, Kennel cough, Kerangas forest, Keratinocyte, Keratitis, Kerry slug, Kerstersia, Kerstersia gyiorum, Kerstersia similis, Ketogulonicigenium, Kidney stone disease, KilA-N domain, Kineococcus, Kineococcus radiotolerans, Kineosporiaceae, Kinetoplastida, King vulture, Kingdom (biology), Kingella kingae, Kirschner wire, Kissing gourami, Kitasato Shibasaburō, Kitasatospora, Kiwa hirsuta, Klebsiella, Klebsiella granulomatis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella terrigena, Klebsiella variicola, Kluczewo Airfield, Kluyvera, Kluyvera ascorbata, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Koala, Koch Glacier, Kocuria, Kocuria kristinae, Kocuria rhizophila, Konstantin Mereschkowski, Kordiimonas gwangyangensis, Korean natural farming, Kozakia, Kozakia baliensis, Kraft paper, Krasilnikovia, Krasilnikovia cinnamomea, Kribbella, Kribbella catacumbae, Kribbella sancticallisti, Kroppenstedtia, Kroppenstedtia eburnea, Kroppenstedtia guangzhouensis, Kudzu, Kumanovo Prison, Kumis, Kurikin Nano Island Story, Kutzneria, Kytococcus, Kytococcus sedentarius, L ring, L-amino-acid oxidase, L-form bacteria, L-system, L17DE RNA motif, La Brea Tar Pits, La domain, Labidosaurus, Laboratory safety, Labrys (bacterium), Labrys ginsengisoli, Labrys methylaminiphilus, Labrys miyagiensis, Labrys monachus, Labrys neptuniae, Labrys okinawensis, Labrys portucalensis, Labrys soli, Labrys wisconsinensis, Labyrinthitis, Laceyella, Laceyella putida, Laceyella sacchari, Laceyella sediminis, Laceyella tengchongensis, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Lachnoanaerobaculum orale, Lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum, Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense, Lachnospiraceae, Lactacystin, Lactate dehydrogenase, Lactate racemase, Lactis-leu-phe leader RNA motif, Lactivicin, Lacto-2 RNA motif, Lacto-usp RNA motif, Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillales, Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus acetotolerans, Lactobacillus acidipiscis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus bulgaricus GLB44, Lactobacillus collinoides, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus fabifermentans, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus fructivorans, Lactobacillus gallinarum, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus hilgardii, Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, Lactobacillus kimchii, Lactobacillus manihotivorans, Lactobacillus mucosae, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus parakefiri, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus plantarum strain K21, Lactobacillus pontis, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis, Lactococcus, Lactococcus garvieae, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus piscium, Lactovum, Lactylate, Ladderane, Lake Assal (Djibouti), Lake Burton (Antarctica), Lake Hévíz, Lake Maracaibo, Lake of the Woods (Oregon), Lake Tanganyika, Lake Tuggeranong, Lake Urmia, Lake Vostok, Lambda-carrageenase, Lamellibrachia, Lamellibrachia luymesi, Laminaria hyperborea, Laminitis, Lamprologus ocellatus, Landcare Research, Lansing, Michigan, Large intestine, Large-conductance mechanosensitive channel, Largest organisms, Largest-scale trends in evolution, Laribacter, Laribacter hongkongensis, Larvicide, Last universal common ancestor, Late embryogenesis abundant proteins, Latex fixation test, Latia climoi, Lautropia, Lautropia mirabilis, Lava filter, Lawsonia intracellularis, Lōʻihi Seamount, LCCL domain, LcrV, Leachate, Leader peptidase A, Leaf spot, Leafhopper, Lecithinase C, Lectin, Leftvent, Leghemoglobin, Legionella, Legionella adelaidensis, Legionella anisa, Legionella beliardensis, Legionella birminghamensis, Legionella bozemanae, Legionella brunensis, Legionella busanensis, Legionella cardiaca, Legionella cherrii, Legionella cincinnatiensis, Legionella clemsonensis, Legionella donaldsonii, Legionella drancourtii, Legionella dresdenensis, Legionella drozanskii, Legionella dumoffii, Legionella erythra, Legionella fairfieldensis, Legionella fallonii, Legionella feeleii, Legionella geestiana, Legionella gormanii, Legionella gratiana, Legionella gresilensis, Legionella hackeliae, Legionella impletisoli, Legionella israelensis, Legionella jamestowniensis, Legionella jordanis, Legionella lansingensis, Legionella londiniensis, Legionella longbeachae, Legionella lytica, Legionella maceachernii, Legionella massiliensis, 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cyanoalbus, Streptomyces daghestanicus, Streptomyces daliensi, Streptomyces deccanensis, Streptomyces decoyicus, Streptomyces demainii, Streptomyces deserti, Streptomyces diastaticus, Streptomyces diastatochromogenes, Streptomyces djakartensis, Streptomyces drozdowiczii, Streptomyces durhamensis, Streptomyces durmitorensis, Streptomyces echinatus, Streptomyces echinoruber, Streptomyces ederensis, Streptomyces emeiensis, Streptomyces endophyticus, Streptomyces endus, Streptomyces enissocaesilis, Streptomyces erringtonii, Streptomyces erythrogriseus, Streptomyces eurocidicus, Streptomyces europaeiscabiei, Streptomyces eurythermus, Streptomyces exfoliatus, Streptomyces fenghuangensis, Streptomyces ferralitis, Streptomyces filamentosus, Streptomyces fildesensis, Streptomyces filipinensis, Streptomyces fimbriatus, Streptomyces finlayi, Streptomyces flaveolus, Streptomyces flaveus, Streptomyces flavofungini, Streptomyces flavotricini, Streptomyces flavovariabilis, Streptomyces flavovirens, Streptomyces flavoviridis, Streptomyces fradiae, Streptomyces fragilis, Streptomyces fukangensis, Streptomyces fulvissimus, Streptomyces fulvorobeus, Streptomyces fumanus, Streptomyces fumigatiscleroticus, Streptomyces galbus, Streptomyces galilaeus, Streptomyces gancidicus, Streptomyces gardneri, Streptomyces gelaticus, Streptomyces geldanamycininus, Streptomyces geysiriensis, Streptomyces ghanaensis, Streptomyces glaucescens, Streptomyces glauciniger, Streptomyces glaucosporus, Streptomyces glaucus, Streptomyces globisporus, Streptomyces globosus, Streptomyces glomeratus, Streptomyces glomeroaurantiacus, Streptomyces glycovorans, Streptomyces gobitricini, Streptomyces goshikiensis, Streptomyces gougerotii, Streptomyces graminearus, Streptomyces gramineus, Streptomyces graminifolii, Streptomyces graminilatus, Streptomyces graminisoli, Streptomyces griseiniger, Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus, Streptomyces griseocarneus, Streptomyces griseochromogenes, Streptomyces griseoflavus, Streptomyces griseofuscus, Streptomyces griseoincarnatus, Streptomyces griseoloalbus, Streptomyces griseolus, Streptomyces griseoluteus, Streptomyces griseomycini, Streptomyces griseoplanus, Streptomyces griseorubens, Streptomyces griseoruber, Streptomyces griseorubiginosus, Streptomyces griseosporeus, Streptomyces griseostramineus, Streptomyces griseoviridis, Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces guanduensis, Streptomyces gulbargensis, Streptomyces hainanensis, Streptomyces haliclonae, Streptomyces halophytocola, Streptomyces halstedii, Streptomyces harbinensis, Streptomyces hawaiiensis, Streptomyces hebeiensis, Streptomyces heilongjiangensis, Streptomyces heliomycini, Streptomyces helvaticus, Streptomyces herbaceus, Streptomyces herbaricolor, Streptomyces himastatinicus, Streptomyces hiroshimensis, Streptomyces hirsutus, Streptomyces hokutonensis, Streptomyces hoynatensis, Streptomyces humidus, Streptomyces humiferus, Streptomyces hundungensis, Streptomyces hyderabadensis, Streptomyces hygroscopicus, Streptomyces hypolithicus, Streptomyces iakyrus, Streptomyces iconiensis, Streptomyces incanus, Streptomyces indiaensis, Streptomyces indicus, Streptomyces indigoferus, Streptomyces indonesiensis, Streptomyces intermedius, Streptomyces inusitatus, Streptomyces ipomoeae, Streptomyces iranensis, Streptomyces isolates, Streptomyces janthinus, Streptomyces javensis, Streptomyces jietaisiensis, Streptomyces jiujiangensis, Streptomyces kaempferi, Streptomyces kanamyceticus, Streptomyces karpasiensis, Streptomyces kasugaensis, Streptomyces katrae, Streptomyces kebangsaanensis, Streptomyces klenkii, Streptomyces koyangensis, Streptomyces kunmingensis, Streptomyces kurssanovii, Streptomyces labedae, Streptomyces lacticiproducens, Streptomyces laculatispora, Streptomyces lanatus, Streptomyces lannensis, Streptomyces lateritius, Streptomyces laurentii, Streptomyces lavendofoliae, Streptomyces lavendulae, Streptomyces lavenduligriseus, Streptomyces lavendulocolor, Streptomyces leeuwenhoekii, Streptomyces levis, Streptomyces libani, Streptomyces lienomycini, Streptomyces lilacinus, Streptomyces lincolnensis, Streptomyces litmocidini, Streptomyces lomondensis, Streptomyces longisporoflavus, Streptomyces longispororuber, Streptomyces longisporus, Streptomyces longwoodensis, Streptomyces lopnurensis, Streptomyces lucensis, Streptomyces lunaelactis, Streptomyces lunalinharesii, Streptomyces luridiscabiei, Streptomyces luridus, Streptomyces lusitanus, Streptomyces luteireticuli, Streptomyces luteogriseus, Streptomyces luteosporeus, Streptomyces lydicus, Streptomyces macrosporus, Streptomyces malachitofuscus, Streptomyces malachitospinus, Streptomyces malaysiensis, Streptomyces mangrovi, Streptomyces marinus, Streptomyces marokkonensis, Streptomyces mashuensis, Streptomyces massasporeus, Streptomyces matensis, Streptomyces mauvecolor, Streptomyces mayteni, Streptomyces megasporus, Streptomyces melanogenes, Streptomyces melanosporofaciens, Streptomyces mexicanus, Streptomyces michiganensis, Streptomyces microflavus, Streptomyces milbemycinicus, Streptomyces minutiscleroticus, Streptomyces mirabilis, Streptomyces misakiensis, Streptomyces misionensis, Streptomyces mobaraensis, Streptomyces monomycini, Streptomyces mordarskii, Streptomyces morookaense, Streptomyces muensis, Streptomyces murinus, Streptomyces mutabilis, Streptomyces mutomycini, Streptomyces naganishii, Streptomyces nanhaiensis, Streptomyces nanshensis, Streptomyces narbonensis, Streptomyces nashvillensis, Streptomyces natalensis, Streptomyces netropsis, Streptomyces neyagawaensis, Streptomyces niger, Streptomyces nigrescens, Streptomyces nitrosporeus, Streptomyces niveiciscabiei, Streptomyces niveiscabiei, Streptomyces niveoruber, Streptomyces niveus, Streptomyces noboritoensis, Streptomyces nodosus, Streptomyces nogalater, Streptomyces nojiriensis, Streptomyces noursei, Streptomyces novaecaesareae, Streptomyces ochraceiscleroticus, Streptomyces olivaceiscleroticus, Streptomyces olivaceoviridis, Streptomyces olivaceus, Streptomyces olivochromogenes, Streptomyces olivomycini, Streptomyces olivoverticillatus, Streptomyces omiyaensis, Streptomyces orinoci, Streptomyces osmaniensis, Streptomyces pactum, Streptomyces panacagri, Streptomyces panaciradicis, Streptomyces paradoxus, Streptomyces parvulus, Streptomyces parvus, Streptomyces pathocidini, Streptomyces paucisporeus, Streptomyces pentaticus, Streptomyces peucetius, Streptomyces phaeochromogenes, Streptomyces phaeofaciens, Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes, Streptomyces phaeoluteichromatogenes, Streptomyces phaeoluteigriseus, Streptomyces phaeopurpureus, Streptomyces pharetrae, Streptomyces pharmamarensis, Streptomyces phytohabitans, Streptomyces pilosus, Streptomyces platensis, Streptomyces plicatus, Streptomyces plumbiresistens, Streptomyces pluricolorescens, Streptomyces pluripotens, Streptomyces polyantibioticus, Streptomyces polychromogenes, Streptomyces polymachus, Streptomyces poonensis, Streptomyces prasinopilosus, Streptomyces prasinosporus, Streptomyces prasinus, Streptomyces pratens, Streptomyces pratensis, Streptomyces prunicolor, Streptomyces psammoticus, Streptomyces pseudoechinosporeus, Streptomyces pseudogriseolus, Streptomyces pseudovenezuelae, Streptomyces pulveraceus, Streptomyces puniceus, Streptomyces puniciscabiei, Streptomyces purpeofuscus, Streptomyces purpurascens, Streptomyces purpureus, Streptomyces purpurogeneiscleroticus, Streptomyces qinglanensis, Streptomyces racemochromogenes, Streptomyces radiopugnans, Streptomyces rameus, Streptomyces ramulosus, Streptomyces rapamycinicus, Streptomyces recifensis, Streptomyces rectiviolaceus, Streptomyces regensis, Streptomyces resistomycificus, Streptomyces reticuliscabiei, Streptomyces rhizophilus, Streptomyces rhizosphaericus, Streptomyces rimosus, Streptomyces rishiriensis, Streptomyces rochei, Streptomyces rosealbus, Streptomyces roseiscleroticus, Streptomyces roseofulvus, Streptomyces roseolilacinus, Streptomyces roseolus, Streptomyces roseosporus, Streptomyces roseoviolaceus, Streptomyces roseoviridis, Streptomyces ruber, Streptomyces rubidus, Streptomyces rubiginosohelvolus, Streptomyces rubiginosus, Streptomyces rubrisoli, Streptomyces rubrogriseus, Streptomyces rubrus, Streptomyces rutgersensis, Streptomyces samsunensis, Streptomyces sanglieri, Streptomyces sannanensis, Streptomyces sanyensis, Streptomyces scabies, Streptomyces scabrisporus, Streptomyces sclerotialus, Streptomyces scopiformis, Streptomyces scopuliridis, Streptomyces sedi, Streptomyces seoulensis, Streptomyces seranimatus, Streptomyces seymenliensis, Streptomyces shaanxiensis, Streptomyces shenzhenensis, Streptomyces showdoensis, Streptomyces silaceus, Streptomyces sindenensis, Streptomyces sioyaensis, Streptomyces smyrnaeus, Streptomyces sodiiphilus, Streptomyces somaliensis, Streptomyces sparsogenes, Streptomyces sparsus, Streptomyces specialis, Streptomyces spectabilis, Streptomyces speibonae, Streptomyces speleomycini, Streptomyces spinoverrucosus, Streptomyces spiralis, Streptomyces spiroverticillatus, Streptomyces spongiae, Streptomyces sporocinereus, Streptomyces sporoclivatus, Streptomyces spororaveus, Streptomyces sporoverrucosus, Streptomyces staurosporininus, Streptomyces stelliscabiei, Streptomyces stramineus, Streptomyces subrutilus, Streptomyces sulfonofaciens, Streptomyces sulphureus, Streptomyces sundarbansensis, Streptomyces synnematoformans, Streptomyces tacrolimicus, Streptomyces tanashiensis, Streptomyces tateyamensis, Streptomyces tauricus, Streptomyces tendae, Streptomyces termitum, Streptomyces thermoalcalitolerans, Streptomyces thermoautotrophicus, Streptomyces thermocarboxydovorans, Streptomyces thermocarboxydus, Streptomyces thermocoprophilus, Streptomyces thermodiastaticus, Streptomyces thermogriseus, Streptomyces thermolineatus, Streptomyces thermospinosisporus, Streptomyces thermoviolaceus, Streptomyces thermovulgaris, Streptomyces thinghirensis, Streptomyces thioluteus, Streptomyces torulosus, Streptomyces toxytricini, Streptomyces tricolor, Streptomyces tritolerans, Streptomyces tsukubaensis, Streptomyces tsukubensis, Streptomyces tubercidicus, Streptomyces tuirus, Streptomyces tunisiensis, Streptomyces turgidiscabies, Streptomyces tyrosinilyticus, Streptomyces umbrinus, Streptomyces variabilis, Streptomyces variegatus, Streptomyces varsoviensis, Streptomyces vastus, Streptomyces venezuelae, Streptomyces verticillus, Streptomyces vietnamensis, Streptomyces vinaceus, Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus, Streptomyces violaceochromogenes, Streptomyces violaceolatus, Streptomyces violaceorectus, Streptomyces violaceoruber, Streptomyces violaceorubidus, Streptomyces violaceus, Streptomyces violaceusniger, Streptomyces violarus, Streptomyces violascens, Streptomyces violens, Streptomyces virens, Streptomyces virginiae, Streptomyces viridis, Streptomyces viridiviolaceus, Streptomyces viridobrunneus, Streptomyces viridochromeogenes, Streptomyces viridodiastaticus, Streptomyces viridosporus, Streptomyces vitaminophilus, Streptomyces wedmorensis, Streptomyces wellingtoniae, Streptomyces werraensis, Streptomyces wuyuanensis, Streptomyces xanthochromogenes, Streptomyces xanthocidicus, Streptomyces xantholiticus, Streptomyces xanthophaeus, Streptomyces xiamenensis, Streptomyces xinghaiensis, Streptomyces xishensis, Streptomyces yaanensis, Streptomyces yanglinensis, Streptomyces yanii, Streptomyces yatensis, Streptomyces yeochonensis, Streptomyces yerevanensis, Streptomyces yogyakartensis, Streptomyces yokosukanensis, Streptomyces youssoufiensis, Streptomyces yunnanensis, Streptomyces zagrosensis, Streptomyces zaomyceticus, Streptomyces zhaozhouensis, Streptomyces zinciresistens, Streptomyces ziwulingensis, Streptomycetaceae, Streptopain, Streptosporangineae, Stroke, Struvite, Stuck fermentation, Stunt (botany), Styphnolobium japonicum, Subcellular localization, Subcloning, Subcutaneous abscess, Sublime (Marvel Comics), Subsurface lithoautotrophic microbial ecosystem, Subtilisin, SucA RNA motif, SucA-II RNA motif, Succinate dehydrogenase, Succinivibrionaceae, Sucrose, Sufflogobius bibarbatus, SuhB, Sulbactam, Sulfacetamide/sulfur, Sulfacytine, Sulfadiazine, Sulfate-reducing microorganisms, Sulfatide, Sulfite reductase, Sulfitobacter, Sulfitobacter brevis, Sulfobacillus acidophilus, Sulfobacillus thermotolerans, Sulfolobus solfataricus, Sulfur, Sulfur cycle, Sulfur metabolism, Sulfur-reducing bacteria, Sulfuricurvum kujiense, Sulfurimonas, Sulfurimonas autotrophica, Sulfurimonas paralvinellae, Sulfurospirillum arsenophilum, Sulfurospirillum barnesii, Sulfurovum, Sulfurovum lithotrophicum, Sulphatara, Sulphide Indole Motility medium, Summer Enrichment Program (University of Colorado), Summer sausage, Summer with the Ghosts, Suncheon Bay Ecological Park, Super-Kamiokande, Superantigen, Superoxide dismutase, Suppressor of fused Sufu protein N terminal domain, SurE, survival protein E, Surfactant protein A1, Surfactant protein A2, Surfactin, Surotomycin, Surveyor 3, Sustainable agriculture, Sutterella, Sutterella parvirubra, Sutterella stercoricanis, Sutterella wadsworthensis, Sutterellaceae, Suttonella indologenes, Suzanne Lambin, Svecia, Swan neck flask, Sweet potato storage, SWEET transporters, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Sycosis vulgaris, Sylvatic plague, Symbiobacterium thermophilum, Symbiogenesis, Symbiosis, Sympagic ecology, Symphyonemataceae, Synanthedon myopaeformis, Synbiotics, Syncaris pacifica, Synechococcaceae, Synechococcales, Synechococcus, Synechocystis, Synergistes jonesii, Synergistetes, Synergy, Synthetic immunology, Synthetic mycoides, Syntrophaceticus schinkii, Syntrophobacter, Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans, Syntrophobacter pfennigii, Syntrophobacter sulfatireducens, Syntrophobacter wolinii, Syntrophobacterales, Syntrophococcus sucromutans, Syntrophomonadaceae, Syntrophomonas, Syntrophomonas curvata, Syntrophomonas palmitatica, Syntrophomonas sapovorans, Syntrophomonas wolfei, Syntrophomonas zehnderi, Syntrophothermus, Syntrophothermus lipocalidus, Syntrophus, Syntrophus aciditrophicus, Syntrophus buswellii, Syphilis, Syringe filter, Systematic and Applied Microbiology, Systemin, T helper cell, T-box leader, T-even bacteriophages, T3 phage, T44 RNA, T7 phage, Tabes dorsalis, Tabgha, Tacrolimus, Tailings, Takifugu, Taklon, Taliworks, Tamlana, Tampon, TANGO2, Tannerella forsythia, Taprogge, Taq polymerase, TaqI, Tar pit, Tardiphaga, Tardiphaga robiniae, Tasmannia stipitata, Tasty Planet: Back for Seconds, TauD protein domain, Taveuni, Taxodone, Taxonomic rank, Taxonomy (biology), Taxonomy of commonly fossilised invertebrates, Taxonomy of invertebrates (Brusca & Brusca, 2003), Taylorella, Taylorella asinigenitalis, Taylorella equigenitalis, TD-1 RNA motif, TDR Targets, Tea tree oil, Tears, Tech Jacket, Technetium, Teichoic acid, Teicoplanin, Telithromycin, Telluria, Telluria chitinolytica, Telluria mixta, Telmatobacter, Telomere, Temperateness (virology), Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis, Tenacibaculum, Tenacibaculum adriaticum, Tenacibaculum amylolyticum, Tenacibaculum lutimaris, Tenacibaculum mesophilum, Tenacibaculum skagerrakense, Tenacibaculum soleae, Tenericutes, Tepidamorphus, Tepidamorphus gemmatus, Tepidibacter, Tepidimonas, Tepidimonas aquatica, Tepidimonas fonticaldi, Tepidimonas ignava, Tepidimonas taiwanensis, Tepidimonas thermarum, Ter protein, Terasakiella, Terasakiella pusilla, Teredina, Terminator (genetics), Termite, Termite-flg RNA motif, Termite-leu RNA motif, Terpene, Terra preta, Terrabacteria, Terrestrial analogue sites, Tersicoccus phoenicis, Test tube, Tetanus, Tetracoccus (bacterium), Tetracycline, Tetragenococcus, Tetragenococcus halophilus, Tetragenococcus muriaticus, Tetrahydrofolate riboswitch, Tetrasphaera, Tetrasphaera elongata, Tetrathiobacter, Tetratricopeptide repeat 39A, Tetrodotoxin, Textbook of Biochemistry, Thalassia testudinum, Thalassobacter, Thalassobius, Thalassolituus, Thalassolituus oleivorans, Thallophyte, Thauera, Thauera aminoaromatica, Thauera aromatica, Thauera butanivorans, Thauera chlorobenzoica, Thauera humireducens, Thauera linaloolentis, Thauera mechernichensis, Thauera phenylacetica, Thauera selenatis, Thauera terpenica, Thaumatin, Thayer-Martin agar, The 13½ Lives of Captain Bluebear, The Ancestor's Tale, The Erlenmeyer Flask, The Future Is Wild, The Hot Zone, The ISME Journal, The Last Dragon (2004 film), The Last Man on Earth (1964 film), The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (comics), The Leprosy Mission, The Life of Mammals, The Mahabharata Quest: The Alexander Secret, The RNAi Consortium, The Seeds of Doom, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, The Unbelievable Truth (radio show), The Unknown Terror, The Voronov Plot, Theiler's encephalomyelitis virus, Thelytoky, Theobromine, Theodor Morell, Theodor von Dusch, Thermacetogenium phaeum, Thermaerobacter, Thermal cooking, Thermal death time, Thermal pollution, Thermales, Thermanaeromonas, Thermanaeromonas toyohensis, Thermicanus, Thermicanus aegyptius, Thermithiobacillus, Thermithiobacillus tepidarius, Thermoacidophile, Thermoactinomycetaceae, Thermoanaerobacter, Thermoanaerobacter acetoethylicus, Thermoanaerobacter brockii, Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus, Thermoanaerobacter italicus, Thermoanaerobacter kivui, Thermoanaerobacter mathranii, Thermoanaerobacter pseudethanolicus, Thermoanaerobacter siderophilus, Thermoanaerobacter thermocopriae, Thermoanaerobacteraceae, Thermoanaerobacterales Family III, Thermoanaerobacteriales, Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense, Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum, Thermocrinis albus, Thermocrinis minervae, Thermocrinis ruber, Thermodesulfobacteria, Thermodesulfobacterium commune, Thermodesulfobacterium hydrogeniphilum, Thermodesulfobiaceae, Thermodesulforhabdus, Thermodesulforhabdus norvegica, Thermoduric bacterium, Thermoflavimicrobium, Thermoflavimicrobium dichotomicum, Thermoleophilia, Thermoleophilidae, Thermoleophilum album, Thermolithobacteria, Thermomicrobia, Thermomonosporaceae, Thermonema, Thermonema lapsum, Thermonema rossianum, Thermophile, Thermophobia, Thermophyte, Thermosinus, Thermosinus carboxydivorans, Thermosyntropha, Thermosyntropha lipolytica, Thermothrix, Thermothrix azorensis, Thermothrix thiopara, Thermotoga, Thermotoga elfii, Thermotoga hypogea, Thermotoga lettingae, Thermotoga maritima, Thermotoga naphthophila, Thermotoga neapolitana, Thermotoga petrophila, Thermotoga subterranea, Thermotogae, Thermus, Thermus antranikianii, Thermus aquaticus, Thermus igniterrae, Thermus thermophilus, Theta defensin, They Got Lost, Thiamine, Thiamine triphosphate, Thioalkalimicrobium, Thioalkalivibrio, Thioalkalivibrio denitrificans, Thioalkalivibrio nitratis, Thioalkalivibrio paradoxus, Thioalkalivibrio thiocyanoxidans, Thioalkalivibrio versutus, Thiobacillus, Thiobacillus denitrificans, Thioclava, Thiomargarita namibiensis, Thiomersal controversy, Thiomicrospira aerophila, Thiomicrospira siberica, Thiomonas, Thiomonas arsenitoxydans, Thiomonas bhubaneswarensis, Thiomonas cuprina, Thiomonas delicata, Thiomonas intermedia, Thiomonas islandica, Thiomonas perometabolis, Thiomonas thermosulfata, Thioploca, Thioploca araucae, Thioploca chileae, Thiorhodospira sibirica, Thiorhodovibrio winogradskyi, Thiothrix, Thiotrichaceae, Thiotrichales, Thiovulum majus, Third-generation sequencing, Thomas A. Bickle, Thomas Borody, Thomas J. Silhavy, Thomas Jonathan Burrill, Thorselliaceae, Three-domain system, Threonine ammonia-lyase, Threonine operon leader, Throat irritation, Thylakoid, Thymidine kinase, Tiết canh, Tibicos, Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, Tick, Tick-borne disease, Tiia Piili, Tilman Schirmer, Time temperature indicator, Timeline of Bergen, Timeline of biotechnology, Timeline of cholera, Timeline of Indian innovation, Timeline of natural history, Timeline of peptic ulcer disease and Helicobacter pylori, Timeline of plague, Timeline of plant evolution, Timeline of the evolutionary history of life, Timeline of typhoid fever, Timeline of tyrannosaur research, Tinea incognito, Tintinnid, Tissue tropism, Tistrella, Titan (Baxter novel), Titration, TLR2, TMEM143, TMTC4, Tobacco mosaic virus, Tobramycin, Toilet plume, Toll-like receptor, Tolumonas, Tolumonas auensis, Tolumonas osonensis, Tolypothrichaceae, Tomato grafting, Toner, Tonsillar crypts, Tooth decay, Tooth enamel, Tooth impaction, Toothache, Toothbrush, 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Tuberculostearic acid, Tubifex tubifex, Tubulin, Tubulin domain, Tularemia, Tullimonstrum, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Tunicamycin, Tunicate, Tunicatimonas, Tunicatimonas pelagia, Turanose, Turbidity, Turgor pressure, Turicella otitidis, Turicibacter, Tuscarora Creek (Monocacy River tributary), Tutaleni Housing Project, Twin-arginine translocation pathway, Twister ribozyme, Two-component regulatory system, Two-empire system, TwoAYGGAY RNA motif, TyeA protein domain, Tyndallization, Type three secretion system, Ubi pus, ibi evacua, Ubiquinol oxidase, UDP-3-O-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase, UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (hydrolysing), Ugly Americans (TV series), Uguisu no fun, Ulcer index, Ultramicrobacteria, Ultrasound, Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, Uncanny valley, Underarm hair, Underfloor heating, Undibacterium, Undibacterium oligocarboniphilum, Undibacterium parvum, Undibacterium pigrum, Unethical human experimentation, Unicellular organism, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Universal stress protein, Unsuccessful transfer, Upstream open reading frame, Uptake hexose phosphate, Uptake signal sequence, Uracil, Uranium, Uranium sulfate, Urate oxidase, Urban plague, Urea breath test, Ureaplasma canigenitalium, Ureaplasma cati, Ureaplasma diversum, Ureaplasma felinum, Ureaplasma gallorale, Ureaplasma loridis, Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Urease, Ureibacillus, Ureibacillus terrenus, Ureidopenicillin, Ureterosigmoidostomy, Urethritis, Urinary tract infection, Urobilinogen, Urologic disease, Uropygial gland, Urs Jenal, US Microbics, Uses of compost, Uterine microbiome, UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, Utricularia, V(D)J recombination, V0-morph, Vaccine, Vaccine therapy, Vachellia seyal, Vacuole, Vacuum cleaner, Vagococcus, Vagococcus acidifermentans, Vagococcus carniphilus, Vagococcus fluvialis, Vagococcus penaei, Vagococcus salmoninarum, ValuJet Flight 592, Vampire literature, Vampirococcus, Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus, Vanadium nitrogenase, Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, Vapor steam cleaner, Variovorax, Variovorax boronicumulans, Variovorax defluvii, Variovorax dokdonensis, Variovorax ginsengisoli, Variovorax paradoxus, Variovorax soli, Vector control, Vegan nutrition, Vegetative reproduction, Veggie burger, Veillonella, Veillonella parvula, Velamen, Venenivibrio stagnispumantis, Venues of the 2004 Summer Olympics, Verminephrobacter, Verrucomicrobia, Verrucosispora, Verrucosispora andamanensis, Verrucosispora fiedleri, Verrucosispora gifhornensis, Verrucosispora lutea, Verrucosispora maris, Verrucosispora qiuiae, Verrucosispora sediminis, Verrucosispora wenchangensis, Vertical form fill sealing machine, Vertically transmitted infection, Very Short Introductions, Very short patch repair, Vesicle (biology and chemistry), Vestergaard Frandsen, VetBact, Viable but nonculturable, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio azasii, Vibrio campbellii, Vibrio casei, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio cholerae ToxT activated RNAs, Vibrio coralliilyticus, Vibrio cyclitrophicus, Vibrio diabolicus, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio furnissii, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio mytili, Vibrio natriegens, Vibrio ordalii, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio pectenicida, Vibrio phage K139, Vibrio phage Kappa, Vibrio regulatory RNA of OmpA, Vibrio tapetis, Vibrio tubiashii, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrionaceae, Victivallis vadensis, Victoria Orphan, Vimentin, Vincent Wigglesworth, Viral eukaryogenesis, Viral plaque, Virchow's triad, Viremia, Virgibacillus, Virgibacillus alimentarius, Virgibacillus arcticus, Virgibacillus carmonensis, Virgibacillus chiguensis, Virgibacillus necropolis, Virgibacillus proomii, Virgibacillus salexigens, Virgibacillus siamensis, Virgibacillus soli, Virginia Livingston, Virginijus Šikšnys, Virgisporangium, Virgisporangium aurantiacum, Virgisporangium ochraceum, Viridans streptococci, Virino, Viriome, Virkon, Virology, Virology (journal), Virtual colony count, Virulence, Virulence factor, Virus, Vitals (novel), Vitamin B12, Vitamin K, Vitamin K epoxide reductase, Vitamin K2, Vitreoscilla, Voges–Proskauer test, Vogesella indigofera, Voltage-gated proton channel, Vorticella, Vorticella campanula, Vulva, Vulvovaginal health, Waddlia, Waldemar Haffkine, Walter Dobrogosz, Walter H. Burkholder, Walter Migula, Walther Kruse, War of the Worlds (2005 film), Washdown, Washi, Washing machine, Washington State Penitentiary, Wasp, Waste stabilization pond, Waste tires, Wastewater, Water activity, Water buffalo, Water chlorination, Water damage, Water filter, Water injection (oil production), Water justice, Water purification, Water quality, Water rail, Water stagnation, Water tank, Water treatment, Water well, Waterborne diseases, WateReuse, Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome, Wautersiella, WcaG RNA motif, Weapon X, Weissella, Weissella cibaria, Weissella hellenica, Weissella kimchii, Weissella koreensis, Weissella thailandensis, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Westerdijk Institute, Western capercaillie, Western corn rootworm, Western fence lizard, Western Treatment Plant, Wet nanotechnology, Wet-tail, Wetland conservation, Wetlands (novel), Wettstein system, Weweantic River, Whalefall-1 RNA motif, Wheat, Whey, Whipple's disease, White band disease, White blood cell, White Dome Geyser, White line disease, Whitewater river (river type), WHO Disease Staging System for HIV Infection and Disease in Adults and Adolescents, Wigglesworthia glossinidia, WikiPathways, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Wildcat Creek (Kansas), Wildcoast, Wilderness-acquired diarrhea, Wilhelm Reich, William C. 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Cohn, ZapA family, Zaru, Zavarzinia compransoris, Zebra chip, Zero waste agriculture, Zeta toxin protein domain, Zetaproteobacteria, Zhihengliuella, Zhihengliuella alba, Ziketan Town, Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermol'eva, Zinc gluconate, Zinc uptake regulator, ZinT protein domain, ZnuABC, Zobellia galactanovorans, Zond 5, Zoogloea, Zoogloea caeni, Zoogloea oryzae, Zoogloea ramigera, Zoogloea resiniphila, Zoology, Zoonosis, Zoospore, Zostera marina, Zostera noltei, Zymoblot, Zymology, Zymomonas mobilis, Zymophilus, Zymophilus paucivorans, (+)-Camphor 6-endo-hydroxylase, (Pyruvate, water dikinase) kinase, (Pyruvate, water dikinase)-phosphate phosphotransferase, 1,2-Benzoquinone, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate hydroxylase, 1676 in science, 16S ribosomal RNA, 17th century, 1854 in science, 1865 in science, 1873 in science, 1876 in science, 1882, 1882 in science, 1885 in science, 1905 in science, 1947 in science, 1957 in science, 1968 in science, 1969 in science, 1977, 2,4,6-Tribromoanisole, 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole, 2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol, 2,5-Diketopiperazine, 2,6-Pyridinedicarbothioic acid, 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine diphosphokinase, 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase (ethylene-forming), 2006 storms in Vancouver, 2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak, 2011 in science, 2013 Eastern China smog, 2013 in science, 2016 in Romania, 2016 in science, 2017 in science, 23S methyl RNA motif, 23S ribosomal RNA, 24-Isopropylcholestane, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidative deaminase, 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase, 3-Deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid, 4,4'-Diapophytoene synthase, 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase, 4-O-beta-D-mannosyl-D-glucose phosphorylase, 4-Oxalocrotonate tautomerase, 5-nitrosalicylate dioxygenase, 5S ribosomal RNA, 6, 6-Deoxyerythronolide B synthase, 6C RNA, 6S / SsrS RNA, 714-X, 9 (2009 animated film), 90 Church Street. 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'The All-Species Living Tree' Project

'The All-Species Living Tree' Project is a collaboration between various academic groups/institutes, such as ARB, SILVA rRNA database project, and LPSN, with the aim of assembling a database of 16S rRNA sequences of all validly published species of Bacteria and Archaea.

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-bacter

The suffix -bacter is in microbiology for many genera and is intended to mean "bacteria".

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A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian scientist who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974. Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the "People's President," he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour. While delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83. Thousands including national-level dignitaries attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameshwaram, where he was buried with full state honours.

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A.C. Redfield Lifetime Achievement Award

The Lifetime Achievement Award was first presented in 1994 to honor major long-term achievements in the fields of limnology and oceanography, including research, education and service to the community and society.

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A23187

A23187 is a mobile ion-carrier that forms stable complexes with divalent cations (ions with a charge of +2).

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AB toxin

The AB toxins are two-component protein complexes secreted by a number of pathogenic bacteria.

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AB5 toxin

The AB5 toxins are six-component protein complexes secreted by certain pathogenic bacteria known to cause human diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome.

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Abarenicola pacifica

Abarenicola pacifica or the Pacific lugworm is a large species of polychaete worm found on the west coast of North America and also in Japan.

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ABC Movie of the Week

The ABC Movie of the Week is a weekly television anthology series, featuring made-for-TV movies, that aired on the ABC network in various permutations from 1969 to 1975.

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ABCdb

ABCdb is a biological database for the ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) transporters encoded by completely sequenced archaeal and (eu)bacterial genomes.

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Abdominal distension

Abdominal distension occurs when substances, such as air (gas) or fluid, accumulate in the abdomen causing its outward expansion beyond the normal girth of the stomach and waist.

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Abiogenesis

Abiogenesis, or informally the origin of life,Compare: Also occasionally called biopoiesis.

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Abiotrophia

Abiotrophia is a genus of lactic acid bacteria, a family in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).

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Abyssinian ground hornbill

The Abyssinian ground hornbill or northern ground hornbill (Bucorvus abyssinicus) is an African bird, found north of the equator, and is one of two species of ground hornbill.

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Acacia aneura

Acacia aneura, commonly known as mulga or true mulga, is a shrub or small tree native to arid outback areas of Australia, such as the Western Australian mulga shrublands.

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Acacia sieberiana

Vachellia sieberiana, until recently known as Acacia sieberiana and commonly known as the paperbark thorn or paperbark acacia, is a tree native to Africa and introduced into Pakistan.

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Acanthopleuribacter

Acanthopleuribacter is a genus in the phylum Acidobacteria (bacteria).

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Acaricomes

Acaricomes is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Acaricomes phytoseiuli

Acaricomes phytoseiuli is a bacterium which is thought to be a pathogen of the mite Phytoseiulus persimilis.

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Acaryochloris marina

Acaryochloris marina is a symbiotic species of the phylum Cyanobacteria that produces chlorophyll d, allowing it to use far-red light, at 710 nm wavelength.

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Acellular dermis

Acellular dermis is a type of biomaterial derived from processing human or animal tissues to remove cells and retain portions of the extracellular matrix (ECM).

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Acetanaerobacterium

Acetanaerobacterium is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).

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Acetate kinase

In molecular biology, acetate kinase, which is predominantly found in micro-organisms, facilitates the production of acetyl-CoA by phosphorylating acetate in the presence of ATP and a divalent cation.

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Acetatifactor

Acetatifactor is a bacterial genus from the family of Lachnospiraceae.

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Acetatifactor muris

Acetatifactor muris is a bacterium from the genus of Acetatifactor which has been isolated from the cecal content of an obese mouse in Freising-Weihenstephan in Germany.

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Acetic acid (medical use)

Acetic acid, which at low concentrations is known as vinegar, is used as a medication to treat a number of conditions.

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Acetitomaculum

Acetitomaculum is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).

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Acetitomaculum ruminis

Acetitomaculum ruminis is a Gram-positive bacterium species from the genus of Acetitomaculum which has been isolated from the rumen of a bovine in the United States.

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Acetivibrio

Acetivibrio is a genus of Clostridia bacteria.

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Acetoacetyl-CoA synthase

Acetoacetyl-CoA synthase (NphT7) is an enzyme with systematic name acetyl-CoA:malonyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (decarboxylating).

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Acetoanaerobium

Acetoanaerobium is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).

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Acetobacter

Acetobacter is a genus of acetic acid bacteria.

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Acetobacter aceti

Acetobacter aceti is a Gram-negative bacterium that moves using its peritrichous flagella.

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Acetobacter cerevisiae

Acetobacter cerevisiae is a species of Gram negative acetic acid bacteria.

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Acetobacter fabarum

Acetobacter fabarum is a bacterium.

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Acetobacter malorum

Acetobacter malorum is a bacterium.

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Acetobacter pomorum

Acetobacter pomorum is a bacterium first isolated from industrial vinegar fermentations.

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Acetobacteraceae

Acetobacteraceae is a family of gram-negative bacteria.

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Acetobacterium

Acetobacterium is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria that belong to the Eubacteriaceae family.

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Acetobacterium carbinolicum

Acetobacterium carbinolicum is a homoacetogenic anaerobe bacteria that oxidises primary aliphatic alcohols.

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Acetobacteroides

Acetobacteroides is a bacterial genus from the family of Rikenellaceae with one known species (Acetobacteroides hydrogenigenes).

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Acetobacteroides hydrogenigenes

Acetobacteroides hydrogenigenes is a Gram-negative, carbohydrate-fermenting, mesophilic, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Acetobacteroides which has been isolated from reedswamp in Qingdao in China.

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Acetofilamentum

Acetofilamentum is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria).

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Acetogen

An acetogen is a microorganism that generates acetate (CH3COO−) as an end product of anaerobic respiration or fermentation.

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Acetohalobium

Acetohalobium is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).

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Acetohalobium arabaticum

Acetohalobium arabaticum is the type species of the genus Acetohalobium.

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Acetohydroxamic acid

Acetohydroxamic acid (also known as AHA or Lithostat) is a drug that is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of bacterial and plant urease usually used for urinary tract infections.

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Acetomicrobium

Acetomicrobium is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria).

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Acetone

Acetone (systematically named propanone) is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CO.

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Acetonema

Acetonema is a genus of bacteria in the family Veillonellaceae.

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Acetothermus

Acetothermus is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria).

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Acetylation

Acetylation (or in IUPAC nomenclature ethanoylation) describes a reaction that introduces an acetyl functional group into a chemical compound.

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Acholeplasma

Acholeplasma are wall-less bacteria in the Mollicutes class.

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Acholeplasma laidlawii

Acholeplasma laidlawii are small bacteria which lack a cell wall.

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Acholeplasmataceae

The Acholeplasmatales are an order in the class Mollicutes, containing only one family, Acholeplasmataceae, comprising the genera Acholeplasma and Phytoplasma.

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Achromatium

Achromatium is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Achromobacter

Achromobacter is a genus of bacteria, included in the family Alcaligenaceae in the order Burkholderiales.

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Achromobacter arsenitoxydans

Achromobacter arsenitoxydans is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Achromobacter which was isolated from soil of a arsenic-contaminated pig farm.

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Achromobacter cholinophagum

Achromobacter cholinophagum is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Achromobacter.

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Achromobacter clevelandea

Achromobacter clevelandea is a bacterium from the genus Achromobacter isolated from iron-rich sediment in Cleveland in the United Kingdom.

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Achromobacter cycloclastes

Achromobacter cycloclastes is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium from the genus Achromobacter.

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Achromobacter denitrificans

Achromobacter denitrificans is a Gram-negative, oxidase and catalase-positive, strictly aerobic, ubiquitous, motile bacterium from the genus Achromobacter which was isolated from soil and can cause human infections.

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Achromobacter insolitus

Achromobacter insolitus is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterium from the genus Achromobacter which was isolated from various human clinical samples.

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Achromobacter lyticus

Achromobacter lyticus is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Achromobacter.

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Achromobacter marplatensis

Achromobacter marplatensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Achromobacter which was isolated from a pentachlorophenol-contaminated soil in Mar del Plata by Murialdo et al.

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Achromobacter obae

Achromobacter obae is a bacterium from the genus Achromobacter which contains the enzyme alpha-amino-epsilon-caprolactam racemase.

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Achromobacter piechaudii

Achromobacter piechaudii is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium from the genus Achromobacter.

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Achromobacter ruhlandii

Achromobacter ruhlandii is a Gram-negative bacterium included in the order Burkholderiales.

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Achromobacter spanius

Achromobacter spanius is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Achromobacter isolated from various human clinical samples.

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Achromobacter xylosoxidans

Achromobacter xylosoxidans (formerly Alcaligenes xylosoxidans) is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase and catalase-positive, motile bacterium with peritrichous flagella, from the genus Achromobacter.

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Acid erosion

Acid erosion, also known as dental erosion, is a type of tooth wear.

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Acid mantle

The acid mantle is a very fine, slightly acidic film on the surface of human skin acting as a barrier to bacteria, viruses and other potential contaminants that might penetrate the skin.

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Acid mine drainage

Acid mine drainage, acid and metalliferous drainage (AMD), or acid rock drainage (ARD) is the outflow of acidic water from metal mines or coal mines.

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Acid-fastness

Acid-fastness is a physical property of certain bacterial and eukaryotic cells, as well as some sub-cellular structures, specifically their resistance to decolorization by acids during laboratory staining procedures.

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Acidaminobacter

Acidaminobacter is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).

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Acidaminococcus

Acidaminococcus is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria), whose members are anaerobic diplococci that can use amino acids as the sole energy source for growth.

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Acidicaldus

Acidicaldus is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria), whose sole member is an acidophilic thermophile.

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Acidicapsa

Acidicapsa is a bacterial genus from the family of Acidobacteriaceae.

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Acidicapsa borealis

Acidicapsa borealis is a Gram-negative, short rods and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Acidicapsa which has been isolated from sphagnum peat from the Tver Region in Russia.

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Acidicapsa ligni

Acidicapsa ligni is a Gram-negative, short rods and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Acidicapsa which has been isolated from decaying wood from a broadleaf forest in Netherlands.

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Acidihalobacter

Acidihalobacter is a bacterial genus from the family of Ectothiorhodospiraceae.'.

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Acidihalobacter prosperus

Acidihalobacter prosperus is a halotolerant and acidophile bacterium from the genus of Acidihalobacter which has been isolated from geothermally heated sea sediments from a Vulcano in Italy.

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Acidimicrobiia

The Acidimicrobiia are a class of Actinobacteria, in which three families, eight genera, and nine species have been described, Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans is the type species of the order.

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Acidimicrobium

Acidimicrobium is a genus of Actinobacteria, given its own subclass (Acidimicrobidae).

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Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans

Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans is a bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Acidiphilium

Acidiphilium is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Acidiphilium cryptum

Acidiphilium cryptum is a species of heterotrophic bacteria, the type species of its genus.

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Acidipila

Acidipila is a bacterial genus from the family of Acidobacteriaceae.

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Acidipila dinghuensis

Acidipila dinghuensis is a chemoorganotrophic, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Acidipila which has been isolated from the forest of Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in the Guangdong Province in China.

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Acidipila rosea

Acidipila rosea is a Gram-negative, chemoorganotrophic, acidophilic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Acidipila which has been isolated from an acid mine drainage.

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Acidisoma

Acidisoma is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Acidisphaera

Acidisphaera is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Acidithiobacillales

The Acidithiobacillales are an order of bacteria within the class Acidithiobacillia and comprises the genera Acidithiobacillus and Thermithiobacillus.

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Acidithiobacillia

Acidithiobacillia is a class of the "Proteobacteria".

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Acidithiobacillus

Acidithiobacillus is a genus of the Acidithiobacillia in the "Proteobacteria".

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Acidithiobacillus caldus

Acidithiobacillus caldus formerly belonged to the genus Thiobacillus prior to 2000, when it was reclassified along with a number of other bacterial species into one of three new genera that better categorize sulfur-oxidizing acidophiles.

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Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, formerly known as Thiobacillus thiooxidans until its reclassification into the newly designated genus Acidithiobacillus of the gamma subclass of Proteobacteria, is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that uses sulfur as its primary energy source.

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Acido-1 RNA motif

The Acido-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics.

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Acido-Lenti-1 RNA motif

The Acido-Lenti-1 RNA motif describes a predicted non-coding RNA that is found in bacteria within the phyla acidobacteria and lentisphaerae.

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Acidobacteria

Acidobacteria is a phylum of bacteria.

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Acidobacteriaceae

The Acidobacteriaceae are a family of Acidobacteria.

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Acidobacterium capsulatum

Acidobacterium capsulatum is a bacterium.

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Acidocalcisome

Acidocalcisomes are rounded electron-dense acidic organelles, rich in calcium and polyphosphate and between 100 nm and 200 nm in diameter.

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Acidocella

Acidocella is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Acidogenesis

Acidogenesis is the second stage in the four stages of anaerobic digestion.

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Acidomonas

Acidomonas is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria). The genus contains single species, namely A. methanolica, formerly known as Acetobacter methanolicus.

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Acidomonas methanolica

Acidomonas methanolica is a acidophilic, facultatively methylotrophic bacterium from the genus of Acidomonas which was isolated from septic methanol yeast in East Germany.

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Acidophile

Acidophiles or acidophilic organisms are those that thrive under highly acidic conditions (usually at pH 2.0 or below).

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Acidophobe

The terms Acidophobe/Acidophobia/Acidophoby/Acidophobic refer to intolerace to acidic environments.

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Acidothermus

Acidothermus cellulolyticus is a species of gram-variable bacteria.

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Acidovorax

Acidovorax is a genus of Proteobacteria.

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Acidovorax aerodenitrificans

Acidovorax aerodenitrificans is a bacterium from the genus of Acidovorax and the family of Comamonadaceae.

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Acidovorax anthurii

Acidovorax anthurii is a Gram-negative bacterium which causes plant diseases.

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Acidovorax caeni

Acidovorax caeni is a gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family that was isolated from the activated sludge of an wastewater treatment plant in Belgium.

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Acidovorax cattleyae

Acidovorax cattleyae is a bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family which causes brown spots on orchids.

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Acidovorax citrulli

Acidovorax citrulli (formerly A. avenae subsp. citrulli (Williems et al., 1992)) is a Gram-negative, biotrophic bacterium causes seedling blight and bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of cucurbits.

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Acidovorax defluvii

Acidovorax defluvii is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.

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Acidovorax delafieldii

Acidovorax delafieldii is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.

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Acidovorax facilis

Acidovorax facilis is an aerobic, chemoorganotrophic bacterium used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture.

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Acidovorax konjaci

Acidovorax konjaci is a Gram-negative bacterium.

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Acidovorax oryzae

Acidovorax oryzae is a bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family which is closely related to Acidovorax citrulli.

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Acidovorax radicis

Acidovorax radicis is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative, motile, aerobic bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family which was isolated from the surface of sterilized wheat-roots.

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Acidovorax soli

Acidovorax soli is a gram-negative, catalase-negative, oxidase-negative non-motile, rod-shaped aerobic bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family which was isolated from landfill soil in Pohang in Korea.

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Acidovorax temperans

Acidovorax temperans is a Gram-negative bacterium.

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Acidovorax valerianellae

Acidovorax valerianellae is a Gram-negative bacterium.

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Acidovorax wohlfahrtii

Acidovorax wohlfahrtii is a bacterium from the genus Acidovorax and the family of Comamonadaceae.

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Acids in wine

The acids in wine are an important component in both winemaking and the finished product of wine.

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Aciduliprofundum boonei

Aciduliprofundum boonei is an obligate thermoacidophilic archaea belonging to the phylum Euryarchaeota.

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Acinetobacter

Acinetobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the wider class of Gammaproteobacteria.

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Acinetobacter albensis

Acinetobacter albensis is a bacterium from the genus of Acinetobacter which has been isolated from water and soil from the Czech Republic.

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Acinetobacter apis

Acinetobacter apis is a Gram-negative, obligate aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter which has been isolated from the intestinal tract of the bee Apis mellifera.

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Acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii is a typically short, almost round, rod-shaped (coccobacillus) Gram-negative bacterium.

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Acinetobacter beijerinckii

Acinetobacter beijerinckii is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus of Acinetobacter which was isolated from human and animal specimens and from different environmental sources.

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Acinetobacter bereziniae

Acinetobacter beijerinckii is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter.

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Acinetobacter bohemicus

Acinetobacter bohemicus is a bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter which has been isolated from soil and water ecosystems in the Czech Republic.

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Acinetobacter boissieri

Acinetobacter boissieri is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, strictly aerobic nonmotile bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter which was isolated from plants' floral nectar pollinated from wild Mediterranean insects.

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Acinetobacter bouvetii

Acinetobacter bouvetii is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter which was isolated from activated sludge.

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Acinetobacter brisouii

Acinetobacter brisouii is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, nonspore-forming, nonmotile bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter isolated from a peat layer on Yongneup in South Korea.

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Acinetobacter calcoaceticus

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus is a bacterial species of the genus Acinetobacter.

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Acinetobacter courvalinii

Acinetobacter courvalinii is a bacterium from the genus of Acinetobacter.

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Acinetobacter dispersus

Acinetobacter dispersus is a bacterium from the genus of Acinetobacter.

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Acinetobacter equi

Acinetobacter equi is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and obligate aerobic bacterium from the genus of Acinetobacter which has been isolated from horse faeces.

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Acinetobacter gandensis

Acinetobacter gandensis is a bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter which has been isolated from horse and cattle dung in Merelbeke in Belgium.

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Acinetobacter gerneri

Acinetobacter gerneri is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter which was isolated from activated sludge.

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Acinetobacter guangdongensis

Acinetobacter guangdongensis is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter which has been isolated from a lead-zinc ore mine in Mei County in Meizhou in China.

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Acinetobacter guillouiae

Acinetobacter guillouiae is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter isolated from gas-works effluent.

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Acinetobacter gyllenbergii

Acinetobacter gyllenbergii is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, strictly aerobic nonmotile bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter isolated from human clinical specimens.

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Acinetobacter haemolyticus

Acinetobacter haemolyticus is a species of bacterium.

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Acinetobacter harbinensis

Acinetobacter harbinensis is a Gram-negative and strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter which has been isolated from river water from the Songhua River in Harbin in China.

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Acinetobacter indicus

Acinetobacter indicus is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, strictly aerobic nonmotile bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter isolated from a hexachlorocyclohexane dump site in Ummari near Lucknow in India.

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Acinetobacter junii

Acinetobacter junii is a species of bacteria.

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Acinetobacter kookii

Acinetobacter kookii is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter which has been isolated from soil from Jeonju in Korea.

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Acinetobacter lwoffii

Acinetobacter lwoffii, formerly known as Mima polymorpha or Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var.

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Acinetobacter modestus

Acinetobacter modestus is a bacterium from the genus of Acinetobacter.

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Acinetobacter nectaris

Acinetobacter nectaris is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, strictly aerobic nonmotile bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter isolated from floral nectar pollinated by Mediterranean insects in the Doñana National Park in the Huelva Province in Spain.

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Acinetobacter nosocomialis

Acinetobacter nosocomialis is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter isolated from a patient at Cleveland Metro Health Systems in Cleveland, Ohio.

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Acinetobacter pakistanensis

Acinetobacter pakistanensis is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, psychrotolerant, heavy metal-tolerant and non-motile bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter which has been isolated from a textile dyeing wastewater treatment pond in Islamabad in Pakistan.

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Acinetobacter parvus

Acinetobacter nosocomialis is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter isolated from human clinical specimens.

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Acinetobacter pittii

Acinetobacter pittii is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, strictly aerobic, nonmotile bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter.

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Acinetobacter populi

Acinetobacter populi is a bacterium from the genus of Acinetobacter which has been isolated from a canker of the tree Populus x euramericana in Puyang in China.

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Acinetobacter proteolyticus

Acinetobacter proteolyticus is a bacterium from the genus of Acinetobacter.

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Acinetobacter puyangensis

Acinetobacter puyangensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter which has been isolated from the bark of the tree Populus x euramericana.

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Acinetobacter qingfengensis

Acinetobacter qingfengensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter which has been isolated from the bark of the tree Populus x euramericana.

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Acinetobacter radioresistens

Acinetobacter radioresistens is a species of radiation-resistant bacteria.

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Acinetobacter rudis

Acinetobacter rudis is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter isolated from raw milk and wastewater.

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Acinetobacter schindleri

Acinetobacter schindleri is a species of bacteria.

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Acinetobacter seifertii

Acinetobacter seifertii is bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter which has been isolated from human clinical specimens.

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Acinetobacter soli

Acinetobacter soli is a Gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, strictly aerobic rod-shaped, nonmotile bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter isolated from forest soil at Mt. Baekwoon in the Republic of Korea.

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Acinetobacter tandoii

Acinetobacter tandoii is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter isolated from activated sludge.

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Acinetobacter tjernbergiae

Acinetobacter tjernbergiae is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter isolated from a wastewater treatment plant.

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Acinetobacter towneri

Acinetobacter towneri is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter isolated from activated sludge in Bendigo in Australia.

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Acinetobacter ursingii

Acinetobacter ursingii is a species of potentially pathogenic bacteria.

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Acinetobacter variabilis

Acinetobacter variabilis is a bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter which has been isolated from human urine in Malmö in Sweden.

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Acinetobacter venetianus

Acinetobacter venetianus is a species of bacteria notable for degrading n-alkanes.

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Acinetobacter vivianii

Acinetobacter vivianii is a bacterium from the genus of Acinetobacter.

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Acmella oleracea

Acmella oleracea is a species of flowering herb in the family Asteraceae.

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Acquired characteristic

An acquired characteristic is a non-heritable change in a function or structure of a living biotic material caused after birth by disease, injury, accident, deliberate modification, variation, repeated use, disuse, or misuse, or other environmental influences.

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Acraea encedon

Acraea encedon, the common acraea, white-barred acraea or encedon acraea, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.

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Acrocarpospora

Acrocarpospora is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Acrodermatitis enteropathica

Acrodermatitis enteropathica is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting the uptake of zinc through the inner lining of the bowel, the mucous membrane.

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Actibacter

Actibacter is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria).

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Actin

Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments.

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Actinaurispora

Actinaurispora is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Actino-pnp RNA motif

The Actino-pnp RNA motif is a conserved structure found in actinobacteria that is apparently in the 5' untranslated regions of genes predicted to encode exoribonucleases.

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Actinoallomurus

Actinoallomurus is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Actinoalloteichus

Actinoalloteichus is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Actinobacillus

Actinobacillus is a genus of Gram-negative, nonmotile and nonspore-forming, oval to rod-shaped bacteria occurring as parasites or pathogens in mammals, birds, and reptiles.

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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (previously Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, respiratory pathogen found in pigs.

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Actinobacillus rossii

Actinobacillus rossii is a bacterium.

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Actinobacillus seminis

Actinobacillus seminis is a bacterium.

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Actinobacillus succinogenes

Actinobacillus succinogenes is a bacterium.

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Actinobacillus suis

Actinobacillus suis is a beta-haemolytic, Gram-negative bacterium of the Pasteurellaceae family.

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Actinobacteridae

Actinobacteridae is a subclass of bacteria, in the class of Actinobacteria.

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Actinocatenispora

Actinocatenispora is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Actinocorallia

Actinocorallia is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Actinokineospora

Actinokineospora is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Actinomadura

The genus Actinomadura is one of four genera of actinobacteria that belong to the family Thermomonosporaceae.

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Actinomyces

Actinomyces is a genus of the Actinobacteria class of bacteria.

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Actinomyces bovis

Actinomyces bovis is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Actinomyces.

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Actinomyces georgiae

Actinomyces georgiae is a species in the genus of Actinomyces.

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Actinomyces gerencseriae

Actinomyces gerencseriae is a species in the genus Actinomyces once known as Actinomyces israelii serovar II.

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Actinomyces israelii

Actinomyces israelii is a species of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria within the Actinomyces.

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Actinomyces naeslundii

Actinomyces naeslundii is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium found in the mouth of humans.

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Actinomyces neuii

Actinomyces neuii is a species of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria within the Actinomyces.

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Actinomyces radicidentis

Actinomyces radicidentis is a species in the genus of Actinomyces, first isolated from infected root canals of teeth.

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Actinomycetaceae

The Actinomycetaceae (often called actinomycetes or mycilial bacteria) are a family of bacteria in the order Actinomycetales that contains the medically important genus Actinomyces.

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Actinomycetales

The Actinomycetales are an order of Actinobacteria.

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Actinomycetospora

Actinomycetospora is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Actinomycineae

The Actinomycineae comprise a suborder of the order Actinomycetales that contains the medically important genus Actinomyces.

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Actinomycosis

Actinomycosis is a rare infectious bacterial disease caused by Actinomyces species.

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Actinophytocola

Actinophytocola is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Actinoplanes

Actinoplanes is a genus in the family Micromonosporaceae.

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Actinoplanes friuliensis

Actinoplanes friuliensis is a species of bacteria that produces lipopeptide antibiotics with peptidoglycan synthesis-inhibiting activity, called friulimicins.

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Actinoplanes italicus

Actinoplanes italicus is distinguished by the cherry-red color of its vegetative mycelium, and by the production of soluble pigments.

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Actinopolymorpha

Actinopolymorpha is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Actinopolyspora

Actinopolyspora is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Actinopolyspora mortivallis

Actinopolyspora mortivallis is a bacterium with type strain HS-1 (.

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Actinopolyspora righensis

Actinopolyspora righensis is a halophilic actinomycete first isolated from Saharan soil in Algeria.

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Actinopolyspora xinjiangensis

Actinopolyspora xinjiangensis is a halophilic, filamentous actinobacterium.

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Actinospica

Actinospica is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Actinosporangium

Actinosporangium was a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Actinosynnema

Actinosynnema is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Actinotalea

Actinotalea is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Actinotalea ferrariae

Actinotalea ferrariae is a Gram-positive bacterium that was isolated from iron mining power from the Hongshan Iron Mine of Daye City, Hubei Province, China.

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Actinotignum

Actinotignum (formerly known as Actinobaculum) is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Actinotignum schaalii

Actinotignum schaalii (formerly known as Actinobaculum schaalii) is a bacterium first isolated from human blood cultures.

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Action spectrum

An action spectrum is the rate of a physiological activity plotted against wavelength of light.

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Activated sludge

The activated sludge process is a type of wastewater treatment process for treating sewage or industrial wastewaters using aeration and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa.

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Acute oak decline

Acute oak decline is a disease that infects oak trees in the UK.

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Acute prostatitis

Acute prostatitis is a serious bacterial infection of the prostate gland.

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Acyrthosiphon pisum

Acyrthosiphon pisum, commonly known as the pea aphid (and colloquially known as the green dolphin, pea louse, and clover louse), is a sap-sucking insect in the Aphididae family.

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Adalia bipunctata

Adalia bipunctata, commonly known as the two-spot ladybird, two-spotted ladybug or two-spotted lady beetle, is a carnivorous beetle of the family Coccinellidae that is found throughout the holarctic region.

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Adam Hart

Adam Hart FRES FRSB born in Brixham, South Devon is an English scientist, author and broadcaster.

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Addiction module

Addiction modules are toxin-antitoxin systems.

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Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase

Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ''S''-adenosyl methionine to ''S''-adenosylmethioninamine.

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Adhaeribacter

Adhaeribacter is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria).

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Adie syndrome

Adie syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by a tonically dilated pupil that reacts slowly to light but shows a more definite response to accommodation (i.e., light-near dissociation).

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Adipocere

Adipocere, also known as corpse wax, grave wax or mortuary wax, is a wax-like organic substance formed by the anaerobic bacterial hydrolysis of fat in tissue, such as body fat in corpses.

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Adjuvant

An adjuvant is a pharmacological or immunological agent that modifies the effect of other agents.

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Adlercreutzia

Adlercreutzia is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Adolf Mayer

Adolf Eduard Mayer (9 August 1843 – 25 December 1942) was a German agricultural chemist whose work on tobacco mosaic disease played an important role in the discovery of tobacco mosaic virus and viruses in general.

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Adulterated food

Adulteration is a legal term meaning that a food product fails to meet legal standards.

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Advenella

Advenella is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Advenella faeciporci

Advenella faeciporci is a nitrite-denitrifying bacterium from the genus Advenella which was isolated from piggery wastewater.

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Advenella incenata

Advenella incenata is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Advenella.

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Advenella kashmirensis

Advenella kashmirensis is a chemolithotrophic, mesophilic, neutrophilic, tetrathionate-oxidizing bacterium of the genus Advenella, isolated from the soil of a temperate orchard in Jammu and Kashmir in India.

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Advenella mimigardefordensis

Advenella mimigardefordensis is a bacterium from the genus Advenella.

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Aegyptianella

Aegyptianella is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Aequorivita

Aequorivita is a Gram-negative and strictly aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.

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Aequorivita antarctica

Aequorivita antarctica is a bacterium from the genus of Aequorivita which occurs in coastal antarctic sea-ice and antarctic seawater.

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Aequorivita capsosiphonis

Aequorivita capsosiphonis is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Aequorivita which has been isolated from the alga Capsosiphon fulvescens from the South Sea in Korea.

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Aequorivita crocea

Aequorivita crocea is a Gram-negative, psychrotolerant, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, chemoheterotrophic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Aequorivita which has been isolated from the Antarctic.

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Aequorivita lipolytica

Aequorivita lipolytica is a bacterium from the genus of Aequorivita which occurs in sea water in the Antarctica.

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Aequorivita sublithincola

Aequorivita sublithincola is a bacterium from the genus of Aequorivita which has been isolated from a quartz stone from the Antarctica.

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Aequorivita viscosa

Aequorivita viscosa is a Gram-negative, short rod-shaped, aerobic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Aequorivita which has been isolated from seaweed from the intertidal zone from the East China Sea near Zhoushan in China.

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Aeribacillus

Aeribacillus is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).

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Aeriscardovia

Aeriscardovia is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Aerobactin

Aerobactin is a bacterial iron chelating agent (siderophore) found in E. coli.

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Aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotroph bacteria

Aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophic bacteria (AAPB), also named aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophs (AAPs), is a group of bacteria that are primarily heterotrophic but can utilize light energy through bacterial chlorophyll a.

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Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria

Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPBs) are alphaproteobacteria and gammaproteobacteria that are obligate aerobes that capture energy from light by anoxygenic photosynthesis.

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Aerobiological engineering

Aerobiological engineering is the science of designing buildings and systems to control airborne pathogens and allergens in indoor environments.

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Aerobiology

Aerobiology (from Greek ἀήρ, aēr, "air"; βίος, bios, "life"; and -λογία, -logia) is a branch of biology that studies organic particles, such as bacteria, fungal spores, very small insects, pollen grains and viruses, which are passively transported by the air.

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Aerococcus

Aerococcus is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).

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Aerococcus sanguinicola

Aerococcus sanguinicola is a member of the bacterial genus Aerococcus and is a Gram-positive, catalase-negative coccus growing in clusters.

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Aerococcus urinae

Aerococcus urinae is a member of the bacterial genus Aerococcus.

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Aerolysin

In molecular biology, aerolysin is a cytolytic pore-forming toxin exported by Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative bacterium associated with diarrhoeal diseases and deep wound infections.

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Aeromonadaceae

The Aeromonadaceae are Gram-negative bacteria.

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Aeromonadales

The Aeromonadales are an order of Proteobacteria, with 10 genera in two families.

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Aeromonas

Aeromonas is a genus of Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that morphologically resemble members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Aeromonas allosaccharophila

Aeromonas allosaccharophila is a Gram-negative, catalase-positive, motile bacterium from the genus Aeromonas which was isolated from ill elvers (Anguilla anguilla) in Valencia, Spain.

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Aeromonas australiensis

Aeromonas australiensis is a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium from the genus Aeromonas isolated from an irrigation water system in Western Australia.

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Aeromonas bestiarum

Aeromonas bestiarum is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Aeromonas which can cause infection in carp (Cyprinus carpio).

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Aeromonas bivalvium

Aeromonas bivalvium is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile bacterium with a polar flagellum of the genus Aeromonas isolated from bivalve molluscs.

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Aeromonas caviae

Aeromonas caviae is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Aeromonas isolated from epizootic guinea pigs.

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Aeromonas dhakensis

Aeromonas dhakensis is a Gram-negative bacterium first isolated from aquariums in Portugal in 2005.

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Aeromonas diversa

Aeromonas diversa is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium of the genus Aeromonas isolated from the leg wound of a patient in New Orleans.

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Aeromonas encheleia

Aeromonas encheleia is a Gram-negative, motile bacterium of the genus Aeromonas isolated from European eels in Valencia, Spain.

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Aeromonas enteropelogenes

Aeromonas enteropelogenes is a Gram-negative, motile bacterium of the genus Aeromonas isolated from human stool in Varanasi, in India.

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Aeromonas eucrenophila

Aeromonas eucrenophila is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Aeromonas isolated from fresh water and infected fish.

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Aeromonas fluvialis

Aeromonas fluvialis is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, nonspore-forming bacterium of the genus Aeromonas isolated from water from the Muga River in Girona in northeastern Spain.

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Aeromonas hydrophila

Aeromonas hydrophila is a heterotrophic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium mainly found in areas with a warm climate.

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Aeromonas jandaei

Aeromonas jandaei is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Aeromonas isolated from human feces in Oregon.

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Aeromonas media

Aeromonas media is a species of bacteria.

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Aeromonas molluscorum

Aeromonas molluscorum is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile bacterium with a polar flagellum of the genus Aeromonas which was isolated from bivalve molluscs (wedge shells - Donax trunculus).

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Aeromonas piscicola

Aeromonas piscicola is a Gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive bacterium of the genus Aeromonas isolated from diseased fish in Spain.

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Aeromonas popoffii

Aeromonas popoffii is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Aeromonas isolated from drinking water production plants and reservoirs in Oelegem, Belgium, and in Scotland.

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Aeromonas punctata

Aeromonas punctata is a synonym of Aeromonas caviae.

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Aeromonas rivuli

Aeromonas rivuli is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, nonspore-forming bacterium with a polar flagellum of the genus Aeromonas isolated from Westerhöfer Bach in Harz in Germany.

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Aeromonas salmonicida

Aeromonas salmonicida is a pathogenic bacterium that severely impacts salmonid populations and other species.

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Aeromonas sanarellii

Aeromonas sanarellii is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, nonspore-forming bacterium of the genus Aeromonas isolated from wounds of patients in a hospital in Taiwan.

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Aeromonas schubertii

Aeromonas schubertii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Aeromonas sharmana

Aeromonas sharmana is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium isolated from a water sample from a warm spring in Assam in India.

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Aeromonas simiae

Aeromonas simiae is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive motile bacterium of the genus Aeromonas, with a polar flagellum, isolated from the faeces of a healthy monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

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Aeromonas taiwanensis

Aeromonas taiwanensis is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, nonspore-forming, motile bacterium of the genus Aeromonas isolated from wounds of patients in Taiwan.

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Aeromonas tecta

Aeromonas tecta is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Aeromonas isolated from stool of a child with diarrhoea, a healthy patient, and environmental sources.

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Aeromonas veronii

Aeromonas veronii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium found in fresh water and in association with animals.

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Aeroplankton

Aeroplankton (or aerial plankton) are tiny lifeforms that float and drift in the air, carried by the current of the wind; they are the atmospheric analogue to oceanic plankton.

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Aerosol

An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets, in air or another gas.

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Aestuariibacter

Aestuariibacter is a genus in the class Gammaproteobacteria (Bacteria), composed of four species, namely A. aggregatus, A. halophilus, A. litoralis and the type species A. salexigens.

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Aestuariibacter aggregatus

Aestuariibacter aggregatus is a gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, catalase- and oxidase-positive, from the genus of Aestuariibacter with a single polar flagellum which was isolated from the Yellow Sea in China.

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Aestuariibacter halophilus

Aestuariibacter halophilus is a gram-negative, strictly aerobic, halophilic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of motile Aestuariibacter with a single polar flagellum which was isolated from the Ganghwa island in Korea.

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Aestuariibacter salexigens

Aestuariibacter salexigens is a gram-negative, halophilic, strictly aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium with a polar flagellum from the genus of Aestuariibacter which was isolated from sediment of getbol on the Ganghwa Island in Korea.

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Aestuariibaculum

Aestuariibaculum is a genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.

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Aestuariibaculum suncheonense

Aestuariibaculum suncheonense is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, halotolerant and non-motil bacterium from the genus of Aestuariibaculum which has been isolated from tidal flat from the Suncheon bay in Korea.

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Aestuariicola

Aestuariicola is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria).

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Aestuariihabitans

Aestuariihabitans is a bacterial genus from the family of Rhodobacteraceae with one known species (Aestuariihabitans beolgyonensis).

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Aestuariihabitans beolgyonensis

Aestuariihabitans beolgyonensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Aestuariihabitans which has been isolated from tidal flat from the southern coast of Korea.

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Aestuariimicrobium

Aestuariimicrobium is a singleton genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria), whose sole member, namely Aestuariimicrobium kwangyangense, was isolated from a diesel contaminated coastal site.

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Aestuariispira

Aestuariispira is a bacterial genus from the family of Rhodospirillaceae.

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Aestuariispira insulae

Aestuariispira insulae is a Gram-negative, aerobic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Aestuariispira which has been isolated from tidal flat from the Aphae island in Korea.

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AfaR small RNA

In molecular biology, AfaR small RNA is an Hfq-dependent small RNA produced by the bacterium Escherichia coli.

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Affinity magnetic separation

Affinitymagnetic separation (AMS) is a laboratory tool that can efficiently isolate bacterial cells out of body fluid or cultured cells.

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Afifella

Afifella is a photoheterotrophic genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Afifella marina

Afifella marina is a phototrophic bacterial species of the genus Afifella.

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Afifella pfennigii

Afifella pfennigii is a bacterial species from the genus Afifella which has been isolated from benthic microbial mat from a brackish water pond on the Rangiroa Atoll on the French Polynesia Islands.

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Afipia

Afipia is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bradyrhizobiaceae.

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Afipia birgiae

Afipia birgiae is a species in the Afipia bacterial genus.

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Afipia broomeae

Afipia broomeae is a species of the Afipia bacterial genus.

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Afipia clevelandensis

Afipia clevelandensis is a species of the Afipia bacterial genus.

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Afipia felis

Afipia felis is the type species of the Afipia bacterial genus.

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Afipia massiliensis

Afipia massiliensis is a species of the Afipia bacterial genus.

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AFM-IR

AFM-IR (atomic force microscope infrared-spectroscopy) is one of a family of techniques (published online, Feb 2008) with erratum, 19(5), 14 May 2004 that are derived from a combination of two parent instrumental techniques; infrared spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy (SPM).

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Agar

Agar (pronounced, sometimes) or agar-agar is a jelly-like substance, obtained from algae.

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Agarase

Agarase (AgaA, AgaB, endo-beta-agarase, agarose 3-glycanohydrolase) is an enzyme with systematic name agarose 4-glycanohydrolase.

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Agaribacter

Agaribacter is a bacteria genus from the family of Alteromonadaceae.

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Agaribacter marinus

Agaribacter marinus is a Gram-negative, mesophilic, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Agaribacter which has been isolated from surface seawater from Muroto in Japan.

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Agaricicola

Agaricicola is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Agarivorans

Agarivorans is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Agbogbloshie

Agbogbloshie is a nickname of a commercial district on the Korle Lagoon of the Odaw River, near the center of Accra, Ghana's capital city.

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Ageing

Ageing or aging (see spelling differences) is the process of becoming older.

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Agelas flabelliformis

Agelas flabelliformis, also known as the elephant ear sponge, is a species of demosponge.

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Agelas tubulata

Agelas tubulata is a species of demosponge.

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Aggregatibacter

Aggregatibacter is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria), which contains three species, namely.

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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe, non-motile bacterium that is often found in association with localized aggressive periodontitis, a severe infection of the periodontium.

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Agitococcus

Agitococcus is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).

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Aglaonema

Aglaonema is a genus of flowering plants in the arum family, Araceae.

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Agreia

Agreia is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Agricultural chemistry

Agricultural chemistry is the study of both chemistry and biochemistry which are important in agricultural production, the processing of raw products into foods and beverages, and in environmental monitoring and remediation.

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Agricultural lime

Agricultural lime, also called aglime, agricultural limestone, garden lime or liming, is a soil additive made from pulverized limestone or chalk.

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Agricultural safety and health

Agricultural safety and health is an aspect of occupational safety and health in the agricultural workplace.

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Agricultural soil science

Agricultural soil science is a branch of soil science that deals with the study of edaphic conditions as they relate to the production of food and fiber.

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Agricultural wastewater treatment

Agricultural wastewater treatment is a farm management agenda for controlling pollution from surface runoff that may be contaminated by chemicals in fertiliser, pesticides, animal slurry, crop residues or irrigation water.

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Agrippina of Mineo

Agrippina of Mineo, also known as Saint Agrippina (flourished 3rd century, died 262) was venerated as a virgin martyr in the Catholic Church and Orthodox Christianity.

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Agrobacterium

Agrobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria established by H. J. Conn that uses horizontal gene transfer to cause tumors in plants.

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Agrobacterium albertimagni

Agrobacterium albertimagni is a species of arsenite-oxidizing bacterium.

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Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Agrobacterium tumefaciens (updated scientific name Rhizobium radiobacter, synonym Agrobacterium radiobacter) is the causal agent of crown gall disease (the formation of tumours) in over 140 species of eudicots.

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Agrococcus

Agrococcus is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Agrococcus jenensis

Agrococcus jenensis is the type species of the Agrococcus genus of bacteria.

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Agromyces

Agromyces is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Ahrensia

In taxonomy, Ahrensia is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Aidingimonas

Aidingimonas is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Ainhum

Ainhum (from Portuguese, pronounced īn-yoom´, i´num or ān´hum; also known as dactylolysis spontanea) is a painful constriction of the base of the fifth toe frequently followed by bilateral spontaneous autoamputation a few years later.

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Air filter

A particulate air filter is a device composed of fibrous or porous materials which removes solid particulates such as dust, pollen, mold, and bacteria from the air.

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Air ioniser

An air ioniser (or negative ion generator or Chizhevsky's chandelier) is a device that uses high voltage to ionise (electrically charge) air molecules.

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Air pollution in the United States

Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages the natural environment into the atmosphere.

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Air purifier

An air purifier or air cleaner is a device which removes contaminants from the air in a room.

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Air sanitizer

An air sanitizer is a sanitizer that acts on airborne microbiological organisms or microorganisms.

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Airlog

AIRLOG is a project that was scheduled to run from 1 February 2012 to 31 January 2014.

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Akkermansia

Akkermansia is a genus in the phylum Verrucomicrobia (Bacteria).

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Akkermansia muciniphila

Akkermansia muciniphila is a species of human intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium, the type species for a new genus, Akkermansia, proposed in 2004 by Muriel Derrien and others.

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Alan R. Battersby

Sir Alan Rushton Battersby (4 March 1925 – 10 February 2018) was an English organic chemist best known for his work to define the chemical intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway to vitamin B12 and the reaction mechanisms of the enzymes involved.

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Alanine racemase

In enzymology, an alanine racemase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, L-alanine, and one product, D-alanine.

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Alarmone

An Alarmone is an intracellular signal molecule that is produced due to harsh environmental factors.

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Albert Fraenkel

Julius Albert Fraenkel (3 June 1864 – 22 December 1938) was a German physician who helped establish Streptococcus pneumoniae as a cause of bacterial pneumonia and championed intravenous ouabain for use in heart failure.

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Albert Ludwig Sigesmund Neisser

Albert Ludwig Sigesmund Neisser (22 January 1855, Schweidnitz – 30 July 1916, Breslau) was a German physician who discovered the causative agent (pathogen) of gonorrhea, a strain of bacteria that was named in his honour (Neisseria gonorrhoeae).

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Albibacter

Albibacter is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Albibacter methylovorans

Albibacter methylovorans is a methylotrophic, aerobic and facultatively autotrophic bacteria from the genus of Microvirga which has been isolated from dichloromethane contaminated ground water in Switzerland.

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Albidiferax

Albidiferax is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Albidovulum

In taxonomy, Albidovulum is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Albimonas

Albimonas is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Albinism in biology

Albinism in biology is the "Congenital absence of any pigmentation or coloration in a person, animal or plant, resulting in white hair and pink eyes in mammals." Varied use and interpretation of the terms mean that written reports of albinistic animals can be difficult to verify.

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Albirhodobacter

Albirhodobacter is a bacterial genus from the family of Rhodobacteraceae.

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Albirhodobacter marinus

Albirhodobacter marinus is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Albirhodobacter which has been isolated from water from the sea shore in Visakhapatnam in India.

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Alcaligenaceae

The Alcaligenaceae are a family of bacteria, included in the order Burkholderiales.

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Alcaligenes

Alcaligenes is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria.

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Alcaligenes aestus

Alcaligenes aestus is a bacterium from the genus Alcaligenes.

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Alcaligenes aquatilis

Alcaligenes aaquatilis is a Gram-negative, catalase- and cytochrome oxidase-positive, motile bacterium with peritrichous flagella, from the genus Alcaligenes, which was isolated in Germany from sediments of the Weser Estuary and in Shem Creek in Charleston Harbor in the United States from a salt marsh.

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Alcaligenes cupidus

Alcaligenes cupidus is a bacterium from the genus Alcaligenes which was isolated from seawater.

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Alcaligenes defragrans

Alcaligenes defragrans is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, strictly aerobic, motile bacterium from the genus Alcaligenes.

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Alcaligenes denitrificans

Alcaligenes denitrificans is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, strictly aerobic, motile bacterium with peritrichous flagella, from the genus Alcaligenes.

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Alcaligenes faecalis

Alcaligenes faecalis is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria commonly found in the environment.

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Alcaligenes pacificus

Alcaligenes pacificus is a bacterium which has been reclassified to Deleya pacifica.

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Alcaligenes piechaudii

Alcaligenes piechaudii is a bacterium; its type strain is CIP 60.75 (.

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Alcaligenes ruhlandii

Alcaligenes ruhlandii first classified as Hydrogenomonas ruhlandii, is a bacterium which has been reclassified to Achromobacter ruhlandii.

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Alcaligenes venustus

Alcaligenes venustus is a bacterium which has been reclassified to Halomonas venusta.

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Alcaligenes viscolactis

Alcaligenes viscolactis is a bacterium which can produce ropiness in milk and which can grow in sun tea.

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Alcanivoracaceae

The Alcanivoraceae are a family of Proteobacteria.

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Alcanivorax

Alcanivorax borkumensis is an alkane-degrading marine bacterium which naturally propagates and becomes predominant in crude-oil-containing seawater when nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are supplemented.

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Alcanivorax dieselolei

Alcanivorax dieselolei is a species of alkane-degrading bacteria.

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Alcanivorax pacificus

Alcanivorax pacificus is a pyrene-degrading marine gammaprotobacterium.

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Alchornea glandulosa

Alchornea glandulosa is a tree species of the Acalyphoideae native to South America, growing for example in southern Brazil from Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul.

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Alcohol dehydrogenase

Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ to NADH).

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Alder

Alder is the common name of a genus of flowering plants (Alnus) belonging to the birch family Betulaceae.

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Aldolase A

Aldolase A (ALDOA, or ALDA), also known as fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDOA gene on chromosome 16.

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Alfred Fischer (botanist)

Alfred Fischer (17 December 1858 – 1913) was a German botanist.

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Algae

Algae (singular alga) is an informal term for a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are not necessarily closely related, and is thus polyphyletic.

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Algal mat

Algal mat is one of many types of microbial mat formed on the water surface or on the surface of rocks.

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Algibacter

Algibacter is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria).

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Algicola

Algicola is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Algicola sagamiensis

Algicola sagamiensis is a marine bacterium isolated from sea water in Sagami Bay.

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Alginic acid

Alginic acid, also called algin or alginate, is a polysaccharide distributed widely in the cell walls of brown algae, where through binding with water it forms a viscous gum.

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Algivirga

Algivirga is a genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae, with one known species (Algivirga pacifica).

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Algivirga pacifica

Algivirga pacifica is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Algivirga which has been isolated from seawater from Micronesia.

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Algoriphagus

Algoriphagus is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria).

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Algoriphagus ratkowskyi

Algoriphagus ratkowskyi is a bacterium.

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Aliagarivorans

Aliagarivorans is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Alicycliphilus

Alicycliphilus is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Alicyclobacillaceae

The Alicyclobacillaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Alicyclobacillus

Alicyclobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria.

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Alicyclobacillus acidiphilus

Alicyclobacillus acidiphilus is a thermo-acidophilic, omega-alicyclic fatty acid-containing bacterium.

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Aliiglaciecola

Aliiglaciecola is a genus from the family of Alteromonadaceae.

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Aliiglaciecola aliphaticivorans

Aliiglaciecola aliphaticivorans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, heterotrophic and motile from the genus of Aliiglaciecola with a single polar flagellum which has been isolated from tidal flat from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

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Aliiglaciecola lipolytica

Aliiglaciecola lipolytica is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile from the genus of Aliiglaciecola with a single polar flagellum which has been isolated from seawater in China.

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Aliiglaciecola litoralis

Aliiglaciecola litoralis is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-pigmented, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped motile bacterium from the genus of Aliiglaciecola which was isolated from a marine sandy sample of the Sea of Japan.

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Aliivibrio

Aliivibrio is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Aliivibrio fischeri

Aliivibrio fischeri is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium found globally in marine environments.

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ALIL pseudoknot

ALIL pseudoknot is an RNA element that induces frameshifting in bacteria.

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Alishewanella

Alishewanella is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (bacteria).

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Alishewanella fetalis

The genus Alishewanella is one of the major branches of the family Alteromonadaceae.

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Alistipes

Alistipes is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria).

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Alkalibacillus

Alkalibacillus is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).

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Alkalibacter

Alkalibacter is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly anaerobic and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Carnobacteriaceae, with one known species (Alkalibacter saccharofermentans).

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Alkalibacter saccharofermentans

Alkalibacter saccharofermentans is a Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic, alkaliphilic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Alkalibacter which has been isolated from a soda lake in the Transbaikal regio in Russia.

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Alkalibacterium

Alkalibacterium is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).

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Alkalibaculum

Alkalibaculum is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).

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Alkaliflexus

Alkaliflexus is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria).

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Alkalilimnicola

Alkalilimnicola is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii

Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii is a species of arsenite-oxidizing haloalkaliphilic gammaproteobacterium capable of chemoautotrophic or heterotrophic growth.

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Alkalimonas

Alkalimonas is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Alkaline phosphatase

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP, ALKP, ALPase, Alk Phos) or basic phosphatase is a homodimeric protein enzyme of 86 kilodaltons.

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Alkaliphilus

Alkaliphilus is a bacterium from the family of Clostridiaceae.

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Alkaliphilus transvaalensis

Alkaliphilus transvaalensis is an extremely alkaliphilic bacterium.

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Alkaloid

Alkaloids are a class of naturally occurring chemical compounds that mostly contain basic nitrogen atoms.

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Alkanindiges

Alkanindiges is a genus of Gram-negative alkane-degrading bacteria which belong to the class Gammaproteobacteria and which occurs in activated sludge systems.

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Alkanindiges hongkongensis

Alkanindiges hongkongensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Alkanindiges, which was isolated from the parotid abscess of a patient.

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Alkanindiges illinoisensis

Alkanindiges illinoisensis is a aerobic, catalase-positive, squalane-degrading, nonspore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Alkanindiges, which was isolated from oilfield soils.

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Allan Hills 84001

Allan Hills 84001 (commonly abbreviated ALH84001) is a meteorite that was found in Allan Hills, Antarctica on December 27, 1984, by a team of U.S. meteorite hunters from the ANSMET project.

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Allelopathy

Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms.

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Allen Steere

Allen Caruthers Steere is a professor of rheumatology at Harvard University and previously at Tufts University and Yale University.

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Allene Jeanes

Allene Rosalind Jeanes (July 19, 1906 – December 11, 1995) was an American chemical researcher, whose studies focused mainly on carbohydrates and the development of Dextran, a substance that replaced plasma in the Korean War.

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Allergies in dogs

There is a wide variety of allergies that dogs can suffer from.

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Allergy

Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment.

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Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics

The Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics (APUA) is a non-profit organization founded in 1981 by Stuart B. Levy, Professor of Medicine at Tufts University and headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.

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Allobaculum

Allobaculum is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial, strictly anaerobic and non-motile genus from the family of Erysipelotrichidae, with one known species (Allobaculum stercoricanis).

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Allobaculum stercoricanis

Allobaculum stercoricanis is an anaerobic, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Allobaculum which has been isolated from feces from a dog.

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Allocasuarina

Allocasuarina is a genus of trees in the flowering plant family Casuarinaceae.

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Allochromatium

Allochromatium is a genus of bacteria in the family Chromatiaceae.

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Allofustis

Allofustis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic and non-spore-forming bacterial genus from the family of Carnobacteriaceae, with one known species (Allofustis seminis).

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Allofustis seminis

Allofustis seminis is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Allofustis which has been isolated from pig semen in Canada.

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Alloiococcus

Alloiococcus is a genus of Gram-positive and nonmotile bacteria from the family of Lactobacillaceae.

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Alloiococcus otitis

Alloiococcus otitis is a species of bacteria first isolated from human middle-ear fluid, the type species of its monotypic genus.

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Alloprotein

An alloprotein is a novel synthetic protein containing one or more "non-natural" amino acids.

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Allorhizobium

Allorhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria, recently segregated from the genus Rhizobium.

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Allorhizobium vitis

Allorhizobium vitis is a plant pathogen that infects grapevines.

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Allosteric regulation

In biochemistry, allosteric regulation (or allosteric control) is the regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site.

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Almond moth

The almond moth or tropical warehouse moth (Cadra cautella) is a small, stored-product pest.

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Alois Eliáš

Alois Eliáš (29 September 1890 in Prague – 19 June 1942 at Kobylisy Shooting Range, Prague) was a Czech general, politician, member of Czech WWII resistance and later also the prime minister of the Nazi occupied Czech lands.

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Alpha operon ribosome binding site

The alpha operon ribosome binding site in bacteria is surrounded by this complex pseudoknotted RNA structure.

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Alpha solenoid

An alpha solenoid (sometimes also known as an alpha horseshoe or as stacked pairs of alpha helices, abbreviated SPAH) is a protein fold composed of repeating alpha helix subunits, commonly helix-turn-helix motifs, arranged in antiparallel fashion to form a superhelix.

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Alpha-lytic endopeptidase

Alpha-lytic endopeptidase or Alpha-lytic protease (myxobacter alpha-lytic proteinase, alpha-lytic proteinase, alpha-lytic protease, Mycobacterium sorangium alpha-lytic proteinase, Myxobacter 495 alpha-lytic proteinase) is an enzyme isolated from the myxobacterium Lysobacter enzymogenes.

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Alphaproteobacteria

Alphaproteobacteria is a class of bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria (See also bacterial taxonomy).

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Alphitobius diaperinus

Alphitobius diaperinus is a species of beetle in the family Tenebrionidae, the darkling beetles.

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Altered Schaedler flora

The altered Schaedler flora (ASF) is a community of eight bacterial species: two Lactobacilli, one Bacteroides, one spiral bacteria of the Flexistipes genus, and four extremely oxygen sensitive (EOS) Fusobacterium species.

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Altererythrobacter

Altererythrobacter is a bacterial genus from the family of Erythrobacteraceae.

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Altererythrobacter aestiaquae

Altererythrobacter aestiaquae is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Altererythrobacter which has been isolated from seawater from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

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Altererythrobacter aestuarii

Altererythrobacter aestuarii is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Altererythrobacter which has been isolated from seawater from the South Sea in Korea.

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Altererythrobacter atlanticus

Altererythrobacter atlanticus is a Gram-negative and short rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Altererythrobacter which has been isolated from deep-sea sediments from the North Atlantic Rise in China.

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Altererythrobacter dongtanensis

Altererythrobacter dongtanensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Altererythrobacter which has been isolated from tidal flat from the Dongtan Wetland on the Chongming Island in China.

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Altererythrobacter epoxidivorans

Altererythrobacter epoxidivorans is a bacterium from the genus of Altererythrobacter.

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Altererythrobacter gangjinensis

Altererythrobacter gangjinensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, halotolerant and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Altererythrobacter which has been isolated from tidal flat from Gangjin bay on Korea.

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Altererythrobacter indicus

Altererythrobacter indicus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Altererythrobacter which has been isolated from the rhizosphere from the rice plant Porteresia coarctata in Pichavaram in India.

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Altererythrobacter ishigakiensis

Altererythrobacter ishigakiensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, halophilic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Altererythrobacter which has been isolated from the coastal area of Okinawa on Japan.

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Altererythrobacter luteolus

Altererythrobacter luteolus is a Gram-negative, halophilic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Altererythrobacter which has been isolated from tidal flat from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

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Altererythrobacter marensis

Altererythrobacter marensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Altererythrobacter which has been isolated from seawater near the Mara Island on Korea.

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Altererythrobacter marinus

Altererythrobacter marinus is a bacterium from the genus of Altererythrobacter which has been isolated from deep seawater from the Indian Ocean.

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Altererythrobacter namhicola

Altererythrobacter namhicola is a Gram-negative, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Altererythrobacter which has been isolated from seawater from the South Sea in Korea.

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Altererythrobacter oceanensis

Altererythrobacter oceanensis is a Gram-negative, ovoid-rod shaped and strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus of Altererythrobacter which has been isolated from deep-sea sediments from the Western Pacific Ocean.

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Altererythrobacter troitsensis

Altererythrobacter troitsensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, halotolerant, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Altererythrobacter which has been isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius.

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Altererythrobacter xiamenensis

Altererythrobacter xiamenensis is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Altererythrobacter which has been isolated from seawater in Xiamen in China.

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Altererythrobacter xinjiangensis

Altererythrobacter xinjiangensis is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Altererythrobacter which has been isolated from desert sand from Xinjiang in China.

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Alternative oxidase

The alternative oxidase (AOX) is an enzyme that forms part of the electron transport chain in mitochondria of different organisms.

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Alteromonadaceae

The Alteromonadaceae are a family of Proteobacteria.

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Alteromonadales

The Alteromonadales are an order of Proteobacteria.

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Alteromonas

Alteromonas is a genus of Proteobacteria found in sea water, either in the open ocean or in the coast.

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Alteromonas addita

Alteromonas addita is a marine bacterium.

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Alteromonas genovensis

Alteromonas genovensis is a marine bacterium.

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Alteromonas hispanica

Alteromonas hispanica is a marine bacterium.

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Alteromonas litorea

Alteromonas litorea is a marine bacterium.

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Alteromonas macleodii

Alteromonas macleodii is a marine bacterium.

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Alteromonas marina

Alteromonas marina is a marine bacterium.

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Alteromonas simiduii

Alteromonas simiduii is a marine bacterium.

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Alteromonas stellipolaris

Alteromonas stellipolaris is a marine bacterium.

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Alteromonas tagae

Alteromonas tagae is a marine bacterium.

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Altogen Labs CRO

Altogen Labs CRO is a contract research organization (CRO) based in Austin, Texas that is involved in pharmacological discovery and drug development.

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Aluminium

Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13.

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Alvinella pompejana

Alvinella pompejana, the Pompeii worm, is a species of deep-sea polychaete worm (commonly referred to as "bristle worms").

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Alvinellidae

The Alvinellidae are a family of small, deep-sea polychaete worms endemic to hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean.

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Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time.

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Amaricoccus

In taxonomy, Amaricoccus is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Amathia vidovici

Amathia vidovici is a species of colonial bryozoans with a tree-like structure.

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Amazon Reef

The Amazon Reef forms an extensive system composed of corals, sponges and rhodoliths.

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Amédée Borrel

Amédée Marie Vincent Borrel (1 August 1867 – 14 September 1936) was a French physician and microbiologist born in Cazouls-lès-Béziers, Hérault.

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Amber

Amber is fossilized tree resin, which has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times.

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Amebocyte

An amebocyte or amoebocyte is a mobile cell (moving like an amoeba) in the body of invertebrates including echinoderms, molluscs, tunicates, sponges and some chelicerates.

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American Legion

The American Legion is a U.S. war veterans organization headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana.

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American Microscopical Society

The American Microscopical Society (AMS) is a society of biologists dedicated to promoting the use of microscopy.

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American Society for Microbiology

The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), originally the Society of American Bacteriologists, is a professional organization for scientists who study viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa as well as other aspects of microbiology.

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Americano Creek

Americano Creek is a long westward-flowing stream in the California counties of Sonoma and Marin.

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Amerifit Brands

Amerifit Brands, also commonly known as Amerifit, Inc. and Amerifit Nutrition, is an American corporation that produces numerous health and wellness brands, such as Estroven, AZO, and Culturelle.

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Ames strain

The Ames strain is one of 89 known strains of the anthrax bacterium (Bacillus anthracis).

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Ames test

The Ames test is a widely employed method that uses bacteria to test whether a given chemical can cause mutations in the DNA of the test organism.

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Amicyanin

Amicyanin is a type I copper protein that plays an integral role in electron transfer.

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Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.

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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds.

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Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS or ARS), also called tRNA-ligase, is an enzyme that attaches the appropriate amino acid onto its tRNA.

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Aminobacter

Aminobacter is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria.

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Aminobacter aganoensis

Aminobacter aganoensis is a bacterium from the genus of Aminobacter which was isolated from soil.

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Aminobacter aminovorans

Aminobacter aminovorans is a Gram-negative soil bacteria.

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Aminobacter anthyllidis

Aminobacter anthyllidis is a bacterium from the genus of Aminobacter.

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Aminobacter ciceronei

Aminobacter ciceronei is a bacterium from the genus of Aminobacter which was isolated from agricultural soil in California in the United States.

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Aminobacter lissarensis

Aminobacter lissarensis is a bacterium from the genus of Aminobacter which was isolated from soil of beech woodland on Northern Ireland.

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Aminobacter niigataensis

Aminobacter niigataensis is a bacterium from the genus of Aminobacter which was isolated from soil.

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Aminocoumarin

Aminocoumarin is a class of antibiotics that act by an inhibition of the DNA gyrase enzyme involved in the cell division in bacteria.

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AMMECR1

In molecular biology, the AMMECR1 protein (Alport syndrome, intellectual disability, midface hypoplasia and elliptocytosis chromosomal region gene 1 protein) is a protein encoded by the AMMECR1 gene on human chromosome Xq22.3.

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Ammonia transporter

Ammonia transporters are structurally related membrane transport proteins called Amt proteins (ammonia transporters) in bacteria and plants, methylammonium/ammonium permeases (MEPs) in yeast, or Rhesus (Rh) proteins in chordates.

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Ammoniphilus

Ammoniphilus is a Gram-variable, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, haloalkalitolerant spore-forming, obligately oxalotrophic and motile bacterial genus from the family of Paenibacillaceae with peritrichous flagella.

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Ammoniphilus oxalivorans

Ammoniphilus oxalivorans is a Gram-variable, spore-forming, haloalkalitolerant, rod-shaped, aerobic, obligately oxalotrophic and motile bacteria from the genus of Ammoniphilus with peritrichous flagella which has been isolated from the rhizosphere of the plant Rumex acetosa from a public garden in Helsinki in Finland.

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Amoebiasis

Amoebiasis, also known amoebic dysentery, is an infection caused by any of the amoebae of the Entamoeba group.

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Amorphus (bacteria)

Amorphus is a genus of bacteria from the family of Methylocystaceae.

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Amorphus coralli

Amorphus coralli is a Gram-negative, halotolerant, heterotrophic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Amorphus which has been isolated from the Fungia Fungia granulosa from the Red Sea in Israel.

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Amorphus orientalis

Amorphus orientalis is a Gram-negative, moderately halophilic, aerobic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Amorphus which has been isolated from sediments from a salt mine in Fenggang in China.

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Amorphus suaedae

Amorphus suaedae is a Gram-negative, slightly halophilic, heterotrophic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Amorphus which has been isolated from the roots of the plant Suaeda maritima on the Namhae Island in Korea.

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Amphenicol

Amphenicols are a class of antibiotics with a phenylpropanoid structure.

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Amphibacillus

Amphibacillus is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped and facultatively anaerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae.

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Amphibacillus xylanus

Amphibacillus xylanus is a gram-positive-spore forming bacterium with cells 0.3 μm to 0.5 μm in diameter and 0.9 μm to 1.9 μm in length.

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Amphibola crenata

Amphibola crenata (tītiko in the Māori language or mud-flat snail in English) is a species of air breathing snail with an operculum, a pulmonate gastropod mollusc which lives in a habitat that is intermediate between the land and the sea, not entirely terrestrial and not entirely marine.

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Amphibolic

The term amphibolic (Greek: amphi meaning “both sides”) is used to describe a biochemical pathway that involves both catabolism (A degradative phase of metabolism in which large molecule are converted into smaller and simpler molecule,which is reaction involve two type. First, hydrolysis reactions, in this reaction catabolism is the breaking apart of molecules to smaller molecules to release energy. An example of a catabolic reaction is digestion and cellular respiration where you break apart sugars and fats for energy. Hydrolysis is the way in which this is done and it is basically the reverse of a dehydration reaction. Breaking down a protein into amino acids or a triglyceride into fatty acids or a disaccharide into monosaccharides are all hydrolysis or catabolic reactions. Second, oxidation reactions involve the removal of hydrogens and electrons from an organic molecule)and anabolism(the biosynthesis phase of metabolism in which smaller simple precursor are converted to large and complex molecule of the cell. Anabolism reactant found in two type,which are dehydration synthesis reaction,in this type involve the joining of smaller molecules together to form larger, more complex molecules. This occurs through dehydration synthesis reactions. These are the most common ways smaller organic molecules can be formed into more complex ones and applies to the formation of carbs, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Other type called reduction reaction,which involves the adding of hydrogens and electrons to a molecule. Whenever you do that, it gains calories of energy because when you split a hydrocarbon bond, it releases energy).

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Amphotericin B

Amphotericin B is an antifungal medication used for serious fungal infections and leishmaniasis.

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Amphotropism

Amphotropism or amphotropic indicates that a pathogen like a virus or a bacterium has a wide host range and can infect more than one species or cell culture line.

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Ampicillin/sulbactam

Ampicillin/sulbactam is a combination of the common penicillin-derived antibiotic ampicillin and sulbactam, an inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase.

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Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis

Amplified rDNA (Ribosomal DNA) Restriction Analysis is the extension of the technique of RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) to the gene encoding the small (16s) ribosomal subunit of bacteria.

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Ampo snack

Ampo is a snack made by soil originated from Central Java and East Java, Indonesia.

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Amycolatopsis

Amycolatopsis is a genus of high GC-content bacteria within the family Pseudonocardiaceae.

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Amycolatopsis orientalis

Amycolatopsis orientalis previously known as Streptomyces orientalis is a bacterium.

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Amycolatopsis rifamycinica

Amycolatopsis rifamycinica is a species of Gram-positive bacteria in the Amycolatopsis genus.

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Amylase

An amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into sugars.

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Amyloid

Amyloids are aggregates of proteins that become folded into a shape that allows many copies of that protein to stick together forming fibrils.

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Anabaena

Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that exist as plankton.

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Anabaena circinalis

Anabaena circinalis is a species of Gram-negative, photosynthetic cyanobacteria common to freshwater environments throughout the world.

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Anabaena variabilis

Anabaena variabilis is a species of filamentous cyanobacterium.

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Anabaenopsis

Anabaenopsis is a genus of filamentous, heterocystous cyanobacteria that reproduces by fragmentation and with akinetes.

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Anaeroarcus

Anaeroarcus is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, chemoorganotroph and motile bacterial genus from the family of Sporomusaceae, with one known species (Anaeroarcus burkinensis).

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Anaeroarcus burkinensis

Anaeroarcus burkinensis is a Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Anaeroarcus which has been isolated from soil from a rice field in Burkina Faso in Africa.

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Anaerobacter

Anaerobacter is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria related to Clostridium.

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Anaerobic digestion

Anaerobic digestion is a collection of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen.

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Anaerobic lagoon

An anaerobic lagoon or manure lagoon is a man-made outdoor earthen basin filled with animal waste that undergoes anaerobic respiration as part of a system designed to manage and treat refuse created by concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs).

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Anaerobic organism

An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth.

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Anaerobiospirillum

Anaerobiospirillum (or Anaerobiospirillum thomasii) is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria recognized as human flora in human gastrointestinal tract, mainly in the human feces.

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Anaerocella

Anaerocella is a bacterial genus from the family of Rikenellaceae.

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Anaerocella delicata

Anaerocella delicata is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, anaerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Anaerocella which has been isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle waste in Hokkaido in Japan.

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Anaerolinea thermolimosa

Anaerolinea thermolimosa is a thermophilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative, filamentous bacteria with type strain IMO-1T (.

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Anaerolinea thermophila

Anaerolinea thermophila is a species of filamentous thermophilic bacteria, the type and only species of its genus.

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Anaeromusa

Anaeromusa is a Gram-negative and obligately anaerobic bacterial genus from the family of Sporomusaceae, with one known species (Anaeromusa acidaminophila).

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Anaeromusa acidaminophila

Anaeromusa acidaminophila is a bacterium from the genus of Anaeroarcus which has been isolated from an anaerobic purification plant.

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Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans

Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans is a species of bacteria.

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Anaeroplasmatales

Anaeroplasmatales is an order of mollicute bacteria which are generally found in the rumens of cattle and sheep.

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Anaerosinus

Anaerosinus is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, obligately anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic and motile bacterial genus from the family of Sporomusaceae, with one known species (Anaerosinus glycerini).

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Anaerosinus glycerini

Anaerosinus glycerini is a bacterium from the genus of Anaerosinus which has been isolated from freshwater mud in Germany.

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Anaerostipes

Anaerostipes is a Gram positive and anaerobic bacterial genus from the family of Lachnospiraceae.

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Anaerostipes butyraticus

Anaerostipes butyraticus is a Gram-positive, butyrate-producing and anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Anaerostipes which has been isolated from the caecal content of a broiler chicken in Ghent in Belgium.

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Anaerostipes caccae

Anaerostipes caccae is a Gram-variable, anaerobic saccharolytic, rod-shaped butyrate-producing and acetate and lactate-utilising bacterium from the genus of Anaerostipes which has been isolated from human faeces.

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Anaerostipes hadrus

Anaerostipes hadrus is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Anaerostipes which has been isolated from human faeces.

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Anaerostipes rhamnosivorans

Anaerostipes rhamnosivorans is a Gram-variable, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, butyrate-producing and curly rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Anaerostipes which has been isolated from the human faeces of an infant in the Netherlands.

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Anaerotruncus

Anaerotruncus is a bacterial genus from the family of Clostridiaceae, with one known species (Anaerotruncus colihominis).

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Anaerotruncus colihominis

Anaerotruncus colihominis is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Anaerotruncus which occur in human faeces.

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Analytical profile index

The analytical profile index or API is a classification of bacteria based on experiments, allowing fast identification.

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Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty

Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty (আনন্দমোহন চক্রবর্তী Ānandamōhan Cakrabartī), Ph.D. is a Bengali American microbiologist, scientist, and researcher, most notable for his work in directed evolution and his role in developing a genetically engineered organism using plasmid transfer while working at GE, the patent for which led to landmark Supreme Court case, Diamond v. Chakrabarty.

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Anaplasma

Anaplasma is a genus of bacteria of the alphaproteobacterial Order Rickettsiales, Family Anaplasmataceae.

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Anaplasma bovis

Anaplasma bovis (formerly Ehrlichia bovis) is a gram-negative bacterium.

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophilum) is a gram-negative bacterium that is unusual in its tropism to neutrophils.

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Anaplasma platys

Anaplasma platys (formerly Ehrlichia platys) is a gram-negative bacterium.

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Anaplasmataceae

Anaplasmataceae is a Proteobacteria family that includes genera Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia and Wolbachia.

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Ancalomicrobium

Ancalomicrobium is a genus of bacteria from the family of Hyphomicrobiaceae.

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Ancalomicrobium adetum

Ancalomicrobium adetum is a bacterium from the family of Hyphomicrobiaceae and the only species in the genus Ancalomicrobium.

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Ancestor

An ancestor is a parent or (recursively) the parent of an antecedent (i.e., a grandparent, great-grandparent, great-great-grandparent, and so forth).

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Ancestral sequence reconstruction

Ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) – also known as ancestral gene/sequence reconstruction/resurrection – is a technique used in the study of molecular evolution.

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Ancylobacter

Ancylobacter is a genus of aerobic bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae.

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Ancylobacter aquaticus

Ancylobacter aquaticus is a bacterium from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from lake water in Copenhagen in Denmark.

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Ancylobacter defluvii

Ancylobacter defluvii is a bacterium from the family of Xanthobacteraceae.

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Ancylobacter dichloromethanicus

Ancylobacter dichloromethanicus is an aerobic, Gram-negative bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from dichloromethane contaminated soil in Volgograd in Russia.

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Ancylobacter oerskovii

Ancylobacter oerskovii is a Gram-negative, pleomorphic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from soil from Mugla in Turkey.

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Ancylobacter polymorphus

Ancylobacter polymorphus is a bacterium from the family of Xanthobacteraceae.

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Ancylobacter rudongensis

Ancylobacter rudongensis is a bacterium from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from root of the plant Spartina anglica from the beach from the Jiangsu Province in China.

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Ancylobacter vacuolatus

Ancylobacter vacuolatus is a bacterium from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from soil.

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Anderseniella

Anderseniella is a genus of bacteria from the family of Rhodobiaceae.

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Anderseniella baltica

Anderseniella baltica is a bacterium species from the genus of Anderseniella which has been isolated from the Baltic Sea.

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André Michel Lwoff

André Michel Lwoff (8 May 1902 – 30 September 1994) was a French microbiologist and Nobel laureate.

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Anemia of chronic disease

Anemia of chronic disease, or anemia of chronic inflammation, is a form of anemia seen in chronic infection, chronic immune activation, and malignancy.

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Anethole

Anethole (anise camphor) is an organic compound that is widely used as a flavoring substance.

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Angelo Maffucci

Angelo Maria Maffucci (October 27, 1847 – November 24, 1903) was an Italian pathologist born in the town of Calitri.

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Anglerfish

Anglerfish are fish of the teleost order Lophiiformes.

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Angular cheilitis

Angular cheilitis (AC) is inflammation of one or both corners of the mouth.

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Angulomicrobium

Angulomicrobium is a genus of bacteria from the family of Hyphomicrobiaceae.

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Angulomicrobium amanitiforme

Angulomicrobium amanitiforme is a bacterium from the genus of Angulomicrobium which was isolated from a fresh water pond in the United Kingdom.

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Angulomicrobium tetraedrale

Angulomicrobium tetraedrale is a bacterium from the genus of Angulomicrobium.

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Anilingus

Anilingus (from the Latin anus + -lingus, from lingere, "to lick", variantly spelled "analingus") is the oral and anal sex act in which a person stimulates the anus of another by using the mouth, including lips, tongue, or teeth.

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Animal allergy

In medicine, animal allergy is hypersensitivity to certain substances produced by animals, such as the proteins in animal hair and saliva.

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Animal bite

An animal bite is a wound, usually a puncture or laceration, caused by the teeth.

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Animal communication

Animal communication is the transfer of information from one or a group of animals (sender or senders) to one or more other animals (receiver or receivers) that affects the current or future behavior of the receivers.

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Animals in space

Non-human animals in space originally served to test the survivability of spaceflight, before human spaceflights were attempted.

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Anisomycin

Anisomycin, also known as flagecidin, is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseolus which inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis.

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Ankyrin repeat

The ankyrin repeat is a 33-residue motif in proteins consisting of two alpha helices separated by loops, first discovered in signaling proteins in yeast Cdc10 and Drosophila Notch.

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Anna Dumitriu

Anna Dumitriu (born 1969) is a visual and performance artist based in Brighton, England, specialising in BioArt.

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Annelid

The annelids (Annelida, from Latin anellus, "little ring"), also known as the ringed worms or segmented worms, are a large phylum, with over 22,000 extant species including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches.

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Annual Review of Genetics

The Annual Review of Genetics is an annual peer-reviewed scientific review journal published by Annual Reviews.

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Anodontia philippiana

Anodontia philippiana, or the chalky buttercup, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Lucinidae.

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Anomalopidae

Anomalopidae (lanterneye fishes or flashlight fishes) are a family of beryciform fish distinguished by bioluminescent organs located underneath their eyes, for which they are named.

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Anomastraea

Anomastraea irregularis, the crisp pillow coral, is a species of corals in the monotypic genus Anomastraea, in the family Coscinaraeidae.

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Anopheles

Anopheles (Greek anofelís: "useless") is a genus of mosquito first described and named by J. W. Meigen in 1818.

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Anoxic waters

Anoxic waters are areas of sea water, fresh water, or groundwater that are depleted of dissolved oxygen and are a more severe condition of hypoxia.

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Anoxybacillus

Anoxybacillus is a genus of rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae.

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Anoxybacillus gonensis

Anoxybacillus gonensis is a moderately thermophilic, xylose-utilizing, endospore-forming bacterium.

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Anoxynatronum

Anoxynatronum is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and moderately alkaliphilic bacterial genus from the family of Clostridiaceae, with one known species (Anoxynatronum sibiricum).

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Anoxynatronum sibiricum

Anoxynatronum sibiricum is a Gram-positive, saccharolytic, anaerobic, alkaliphilic bacterium from the genus of Anoxynatronum which has been isolated from the Baikal lake.

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Anseongella

Anseongella is a genus from the family of Sphingobacteriaceae, with one known species (Anseongella ginsenosidimutans).

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Anseongella ginsenosidimutans

Anseongella ginsenosidimutans is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Anseongella which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Pocheon in Korea.

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Antagonism (phytopathology)

In phytopathology, antagonism refers to the action of any organism that suppress or interfere the normal growth and activity of a plant pathogen, such as the main parts of bacteria or fungi.

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Antarctic microorganism

Antarctica is one of the most physically and chemically extreme terrestrial environments to be inhabited by microorganisms.

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Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.

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Antarctobacter

In taxonomy, Antarctobacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Antarctobacter heliothermus

Antarctobacter heliothermus is a Gram-negative, aerobic, pointed and budding bacteria, the type species of its genus.

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Anthranilate 3-monooxygenase (FAD)

Anthranilate 3-monooxygenase (FAD) (anthranilate 3-hydroxylase, anthranilate hydroxylase) is an enzyme with systematic name anthranilate,FAD:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating).

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Anthrax toxin

Anthrax toxin is a three-protein exotoxin secreted by virulent strains of the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis—the causative agent of anthrax.

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Anthrax vaccines

Vaccines against the livestock and human disease anthrax—caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis—have had a prominent place in the history of medicine, from Pasteur’s pioneering 19th-century work with cattle (the first effective bacterial vaccine and the second effective vaccine ever) to the controversial late 20th century use of a modern product to protect American troops against the use of anthrax in biological warfare.

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Anthroposystem

The term anthroposystem is used to describe the anthropological analogue to the ecosystem.

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Anti-hemB RNA motif

The anti-hemB RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was found in all known bacteria in the genus Burkholderia, and in a variety of other betaproteobacteria.

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Anti-Q RNA

Anti-Q RNA (formerly Qa RNA) is a small ncRNA from the conjugal plasmid pCF10 of Enterococcus faecalis.

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Antibiosis

Antibiosis is a biological interaction between two or more organisms that is detrimental to at least one of them; it can also be an antagonistic association between an organism and the metabolic substances produced by another.

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Antibiotic

An antibiotic (from ancient Greek αντιβιοτικά, antibiotiká), also called an antibacterial, is a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.

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Antibiotic prophylaxis

Antibiotic prophylaxis refers to the prevention of infection complications using antimicrobial therapy (most commonly antibiotics).

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Antibiotic Resistance Lab Network

The Antibiotic Resistance Lab Network is a group of laboratories of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established to supplement the work of local and state public health laboratories in the identification and research of antibiotic resistance.

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Antibiotic sensitivity

Antibiotic sensitivity or antibiotic susceptibility is the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics.

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Antibiotic use in dentistry

There are many circumstances during dental treatment where antibiotics are prescribed by dentists to prevent further infection (e.g. post-operative infection).

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Antibody

An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

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Antiflatulent

An antiflatulent agent is a drug used for the alleviation or prevention of excessive intestinal gas, i.e., flatulence.

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Antifreeze

An antifreeze is an additive which lowers the freezing point of a water-based liquid and increases its boiling point.

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Antifreeze protein

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins (ISPs) refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain vertebrates, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit their survival in subzero environments.

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Antifungal

An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others.

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Antigen

In immunology, an antigen is a molecule capable of inducing an immune response (to produce an antibody) in the host organism.

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Antigen processing

Antigen processing is an immunological process that prepares antigens for presentation to special cells of the immune system called T lymphocytes.

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Antimicrobial

An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth.

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Antimicrobial polymer

Antimicrobial polymers, also known as polymeric biocides, is a class of polymers with antimicrobial activity, or the ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi or protozoans.

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Antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR or AR) is the ability of a microbe to resist the effects of medication that once could successfully treat the microbe.

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Antimicrobial surface

An antimicrobial surface contains an antimicrobial agent that inhibits the ability of microorganisms to grow on the surface of a material.

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Antimicrobials in aquaculture

Antimicrobials destroy bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, and other microbes.

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Antioxidant

Antioxidants are molecules that inhibit the oxidation of other molecules.

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Antiparasitic

Antiparasitics are a class of medications which are indicated for the treatment of parasitic diseases, such as those caused by helminths, amoeba, ectoparasites, parasitic fungi, and protozoa, among others.

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Antiseptic

Antiseptics (from Greek ἀντί anti, "against" and σηπτικός sēptikos, "putrefactive") are antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction.

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Antistaphylococcal penicillins

Antistaphylococcal penicillins are a class of Beta lactam antibiotics used to treat infections caused by bacteria.

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Antitoxin

An antitoxin is an antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific toxin.

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Antiviral drug

Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used specifically for treating viral infections rather than bacterial ones.

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Anton Weichselbaum

Anton Weichselbaum (8 February 1845 – 23 October 1920) was an Austrian pathologist and bacteriologist born near the town of Langenlois.

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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek FRS (24 October 1632 – 26 August 1723) was a Dutch businessman and scientist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology.

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Aortitis

Aortitis is the inflammation of the aortic wall.

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Ap4A

Diadenosine tetraphosphate or Ap4A is a putative alarmone, ubiquitous in nature being common to everything from bacteria to humans.

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Aphanizomenon

Aphanizomenon is an important genus of cyanobacteria that inhabits freshwater lakes and can cause dense blooms.

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Aphanizomenon flos-aquae

Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is a brackish and freshwater species of cyanobacteria found around the world, including the Baltic Sea and the Great Lakes.

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Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (dietary supplement)

Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is a species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) which is commercially processed into a dietary supplement.

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Aphanizomenonaceae

The Aphanizomenonaceae are a family of cyanobacteria containing mostly genera which produce aerotopes.

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Aphanothecaceae

The Aphanothecaceae is a family of cyanobacteria.

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Aphid

Aphids are small sap-sucking insects and members of the superfamily Aphidoidea.

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Apicomplexa

The Apicomplexa (also called Apicomplexia) are a large phylum of parasitic alveolates.

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Apocholate citrate agar

Apocholate Citrate Agar or ACA is a selective environment used to isolate Shigella and Salmonella bacteria.

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Apollo 12

Apollo 12 was the sixth manned flight in the United States Apollo program and the second to land on the Moon.

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Appendicitis

Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix.

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Appendix (anatomy)

The appendix (or vermiform appendix; also cecal appendix; vermix; or vermiform process) is a blind-ended tube connected to the cecum, from which it develops in the embryo.

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Apple

An apple is a sweet, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (Malus pumila).

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Aptamer

Aptamers (from the Latin aptus – fit, and Greek meros – part) are oligonucleotide or peptide molecules that bind to a specific target molecule.

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Apusozoa

The Apusozoa are an Obazoa phylum comprising several genera of flagellate eukaryotes.

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Aquabacter

Aquabacter is a oxidase and catalase-positive genus of bacteria from the family of Hyphomicrobiaceae.

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Aquabacter spiritensis

Aquabacter spiritensis is a bacterium from the genus of Aquabacter which was isolated from the Spirit Lake in Washington in the United States.

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Aquabacterium

The species of the genus Aquabacterium are motile, rod-shaped, Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative bacteria which were isolated from drinking water biofilms in Berlin.

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Aquabacterium citratiphilum

Aquabacterium citratiphilum is a Gram-negative, catalase-negative bacterium from the genus Aquabacterium and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated with Aquabacterium commune and Aquabacterium parvum from biofilms of drinking water in Berlin.

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Aquabacterium commune

Aquabacterium commune is a Gram-negative, catalase-negative bacterium of the genus Aquabacterium in the family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated with Aquabacterium citratiphilum and Aquabacterium parvum from biofilms of drinking water in Berlin.

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Aquabacterium fontiphilum

Aquabacterium fontiphilum is a Gram-negative nonspore-forming, motile bacterium of the genus Aquabacterium in the family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from a water sample from the Nature Valley in Hsinchu County in Taiwan.

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Aquabacterium hongkongensis

Aquabacterium hongkongensis is a bacterium of the genus Aquabacterium, in the family Comamonadaceae.

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Aquabacterium limnoticum

Aquabacterium limnoticum is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, short-rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium of the genus Aquabacterium which has been isolated from a freshwater spring in Taiwan.

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Aquabacterium olei

Aquabacterium olei is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and motile bacterium of the genus Aquabacterium which has been isolated from oil-contaminated soil in Korea.

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Aquabacterium parvum

Aquabacterium parvum is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative bacterium of the genus Aquabacterium in the family Comamonadaceae which was isolated with Aquabacterium commune and Aquabacterium citratiphilum from biofilms of Berlins drinking water.

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Aquaculture

Aquaculture (less commonly spelled aquiculture), also known as aquafarming, is the farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae, and other organisms.

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Aquaculture of salmonids

The aquaculture of salmonids is the farming and harvesting of salmonids under controlled conditions for both commercial and recreational purposes.

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Aquamicrobium

Aquamicrobium is a genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria.

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Aquamicrobium aerolatum

Aquamicrobium aerolatum is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile bacteria from the genus of Aquamicrobium which was isolated from air from a duck shed in Germany.

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Aquamicrobium aestuarii

Aquamicrobium aestuarii is a gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive strictly aerobic, motile bacteria with a flagellum from the genus of Aquamicrobium which was isolated from the Yellow Sea in South Korea.

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Aquamicrobium ahrensii

Aquamicrobium ahrensii is a gram-negative, aerobic, bacteria from the genus of Aquamicrobium which was isolated from biofilter from an animal rendering plant in Germany.

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Aquamicrobium defluvii

Aquamicrobium defluvii is a gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, bacteria from the genus of Aquamicrobium which was isolated from activated sewage sludge in Germany.

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Aquamicrobium lusatiense

Aquamicrobium lusatiense is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, strictly aerobic bacteria from the genus Aquamicrobium with a polar flagellum, which was isolated from activated sludge in Germany.

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Aquamicrobium segne

Aquamicrobium segne is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacteria from the genus Aquamicrobium which was isolated from a biofilter of an animal rendering plant in Germany.

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Aquaponics

Aquaponics refers to any system that combines conventional aquaculture (raising aquatic animals such as snails, fish, crayfish or prawns in tanks) with hydroponics (cultivating plants in water) in a symbiotic environment.

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Aquaporin

Aquaporins, also called water channels, are integral membrane proteins from a larger family of major intrinsic proteins that form pores in the membrane of biological cells, mainly facilitating transport of water between cells.

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Aquarium

An aquarium (plural: aquariums or aquaria) is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed.

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Aquaspirillum

Aquaspirillum (ak'wă-spī-ril'ŭm) is a genus of aerobic bacteria in the family Neisseriaceae that lives in freshwater.

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Aquaspirillum bengal

Aquaspirillum bengal is a Gram negative bacterium in the genus Aquaspirillum.

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Aquaspirillum dispar

Aquaspirillum dispar is a species of Aquaspirillum that is also known as Microvirgula aerodenitrificans Patureau.

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Aquaspirillum fasciculus

Aquaspirillum fasciculus is a gram-negative freshwater rod in the genus Aquaspirillum.

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Aquaspirillum putridiconchylium

Aquaspirillum putridiconchylium is a species of Aquaspirillum that has a unique spiral rod..

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Aquaspirillum serpens

Aquaspirillum serpens is a species of Aquaspirillum that has a unique spiral rod.

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Aquatic ecosystem

An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem in a body of water.

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Aquatic locomotion

Aquatic locomotion is biologically propelled motion through a liquid medium.

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Aquibacter

Aquibacter is a genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae, with one known species (Aquibacter zeaxanthinifaciens).

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Aquibacter zeaxanthinifaciens

Aquibacter zeaxanthinifaciens is a Gram-negative, zeaxanthin-producing, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Aquibacter which has been isolated from seawater near Taichung in Taiwan.

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Aquifex

Aquifex is a genus of bacteria, one of the few in the phylum Aquificae.

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Aquifex aeolicus

"Aquifex aeolicus" is a rod-shaped bacterium with a length of 2 to 6 micrometers and a diameter of around half a micrometer.

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Aquifex pyrophilus

Aquifex pyrophilus is a rod-shaped bacterium with a length of 2 to 6 micrometers and a diameter of around half a micrometer.

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Aquificaceae

The Aquificaceae family are bacteria that live in harsh environmental settings such as hot springs, sulfur pools, and hydrothermal vents.

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Aquificae

The Aquificae phylum is a diverse collection of bacteria that live in harsh environmental settings.

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Aquiflexum

Aquiflexum is a Gram-negative, aerobic, heterotrophic and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Cytophagaceae with one known species (Aquiflexum balticum).

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Aquiflexum balticum

Aquiflexum balticum is a bacterium from the genus of Aquiflexum which has been isolated from water from the Baltic Sea.

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Aquimarina

Aquimarina is a strictly aerobic and halophilic bacterial genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.

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Aquimarina addita

Aquimarina addita is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from seawater from the Jeju Island in Korea.

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Aquimarina agarilytica

Aquimarina agarilytica is a Gram-negative, aerobic, and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from the alga Porphyra haitanensis near the Nan'ao County from the China sea near China.

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Aquimarina agarivorans

Aquimarina agarivorans is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from the red algae Gelidium amansii from the intertidal zone from Weihai in China.

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Aquimarina atlantica

Aquimarina atlantica is a Gram-negative and long-rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from seawater from the Atlantic Ocean.

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Aquimarina gracilis

Aquimarina gracilis is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and slender rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from the gut microflora from the mussel Mytilus coruscus which was collected from the Gwangyang Bay from the South Sea near Korea.

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Aquimarina hainanensis

Aquimarina hainanensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, long rod-shaped, and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from the shrimp larvae Litopenaeus vannamei.

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Aquimarina intermedia

Aquimarina intermedia is a Gram-negative, heterotrophic, aerobic bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius from the Peter the Great Gulf in Russia.

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Aquimarina latercula

Aquimarina latercula is a bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from a sea-water aquarium outflow in La Jolla in the United States.

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Aquimarina longa

Aquimarina longa is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from seawater from the South Pacific Gyre.

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Aquimarina macrocephali

Aquimarina macrocephali is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from sediments near a whale carcasses near Kagoshima on Japan.

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Aquimarina megaterium

Aquimarina megaterium is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from seawater from the South Pacific Gyre.

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Aquimarina muelleri

Aquimarina muelleri is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, heterotrophic and motile bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from sea-water from the Amur Bay.

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Aquimarina mytili

Aquimarina mytili is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from the gut microflora of the mussel Mytilus coruscus which was collected from the Gwangyang Bay in Korea.

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Aquimarina pacifica

Aquimarina pacifica is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from seawater from the South Pacific Gyre from the Pacific Ocean.

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Aquimarina salinaria

Aquimarina salinaria is a Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from a saltpan in Taiwan.

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Aquimarina spongiae

Aquimarina spongiae is a bacterium from the genus of Aquimarina which has been isolated from the sponge Halichondria oshoro from the coastal area of Jeju in Korea.

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Aquipuribacter

Aquipuribacter is a bacterial genus from the family of Intrasporangiaceae.

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Arabidopsis thaliana

Arabidopsis thaliana, the thale cress, mouse-ear cress or arabidopsis, is a small flowering plant native to Eurasia and Africa.

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AraC

AraC may refer to.

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Arachaeosphaeroides

Arachaeosphaeroides is an extinct genus of bacteria from the Ediacaran.

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Arachnoiditis

Arachnoiditis is an inflammatory condition of the arachnoid mater or 'arachnoid', one of the membranes known as meninges that surround and protect the nerves of the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.

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Arcanobacterium

Arcanobacterium is a genus of bacteria.

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Arcanobacterium haemolyticum

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, formerly known as Corynebacterium hæmolyticum, is a species of bacteria classified as a gram-positive bacillus.

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Arcanobacterium hippocoleae

Arcanobacterium hippocoleae is a species of bacteria.

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Arcanobacterium phocae

Arcanobacterium phocae is a bacterial species.

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Archaea

Archaea (or or) constitute a domain of single-celled microorganisms.

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Archaeobiology

Archaeobiology, the study of the biology of ancient times through archaeological materials, is a subspecialty of archaeology.

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Archaeogenetics

Archaeogenetics is the study of ancient DNA using various molecular genetic methods and DNA resources.

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Archean

The Archean Eon (also spelled Archaean or Archæan) is one of the four geologic eons of Earth history, occurring (4 to 2.5 billion years ago).

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Arcicella

Arcicella is an aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Cytophagaceae.

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Arcicella aquatica

Arcicella aquatica is a bacterium from the genus of Arcicella which has been isolated from the neuston film of a freshwater lake in Russia.

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Arcicella aurantiaca

Arcicella aurantiaca is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, vibrioid and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Arcicella which has been isolated from stream water in Kaohsiung in Taiwan.

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Arcicella rigui

Arcicella rigui is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, vibrioid, polymorphic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Arcicella which has been isolated from water from the Niao-Song Wetland Park in Taiwan.

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Arcicella rosea

Arcicella rosea is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Arcicella which has been isolated from tap water.

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Arcobacter

Arcobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacteria in the class Epsilonproteobacteria.

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Arcobacter aquimarinus

Arcobacter aquimarinus is a species of bacteria first recovered from mussels, with type strain W63T (.

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Arcobacter bivalviorum

Arcobacter bivalviorum is a species of Gram-negative, slightly curved, motile, rod-shaped bacteria first recovered from mussels and clams.

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Arcobacter cibarius

Arcobacter cibarius is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, slightly curved, nonspore-forming bacteria.

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Arcobacter cloacae

Arcobacter cloacae is a species of bacteria first isolated from sewage.

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Arcobacter ebronensis

Arcobacter ebronensis is a species of bacteria first recovered from mussels, with type strain F128-2T (.

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Arcobacter halophilus

Arcobacter halophilus is a species of obligate halophilic bacteria.

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Arcobacter skirrowii

Arcobacter skirrowii is a species of bacteria.

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Arcobacter suis

Arcobacter suis is a species of bacteria first isolated from pork meat.

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Arcobacter venerupis

Arcobacter venerupis is a species of Gram-negative, slightly curved motile rod-shaped bacteria.

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Arctic sea ice ecology and history

The Arctic sea ice covers less area in the summer than in the winter.

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Arcticibacter

Anseongella is a genus from the family of Sphingobacteriaceae.

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Arcticibacter eurypsychrophilus

Arcticibacter eurypsychrophilus is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Arcticibacter which has been isolated from the ice core of the Muji Glacier.

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Arcticibacter pallidicorallinus

Arcticibacter pallidicorallinus is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Arcticibacter which has been isolated from glacier ice from a glacier in Xinjiang in China.

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Arcticibacter svalbardensis

Arcticibacter svalbardensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Arcticibacter which has been isolated from surface soil from Ny-Ålesund on Svalbard.

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ArcZ RNA

In molecular biology the ArcZ RNA (also known as RyhA and SraH) is a small non-coding RNA (ncRNA).

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Arenibacter

Arenibacter is a rod-shaped and strictly aerobic genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.

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Arenibacter algicola

Arenibacter algicola is a Gram-negative, hydrocarbon-degrading and strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus of Arenibacter.

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Arenibacter certesii

Arenibacter certesii is a heterotrophic and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Arenibacter which has been isolated from the green alga Ulva fenestrata from the Sea of Japan.

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Arenibacter echinorum

Arenibacter echinorum is a heterotrophic and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Arenibacter which has been isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius from the Sea of Japan.

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Arenibacter hampyeongensis

Arenibacter hampyeongensis is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus of Arenibacter which has been isolated from tidal flat from Hampyeong in Korea.

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Arenibacter latericius

Arenibacter latericius is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Arenibacter which has been isolated from sandy sediments from the South China Sea.

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Arenibacter nanhaiticus

Arenibacter nanhaiticus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Arenibacter which has been isolated from sandy sediments from the South China Sea.

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Arenibacter palladensis

Arenibacter palladensis is a heterotrophic and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Arenibacter which has been isolated from the green alga Ulva fenestrata in the Sea of Japan.

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Arenibacter troitsensis

Arenibacter troitsensis is a heterotrophic, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Arenibacter which has been isolated from marine bottom sediments from the Gulf of Peter the Great in the Sea of Japan.

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Arginine catabolic mobile element

The arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) is a mobile genetic element of Staphylococcus bacterial species.

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Argument from poor design

The argument from poor design, also known as the dysteleological argument, is an argument against the existence of a creator God, based on the reasoning that an omnipotent and omnibenevolent God would not create organisms with the perceived suboptimal designs that can be seen in nature.

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Arhodomonas aquaeolei

Arhodomonas aquaeolei is a species of the bacterial genus Arhodomonas noted for its ability to grow in an environment of high salinity.

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Armatimonadetes

Armatimonadetes is a phylum of gram-negative bacteria.

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Armatimonas rosea

Armatimonas rosea is a Gram-negative bacterium and also the first species to be characterized within the phylum Armatimonadetes.

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Arno Karlen

Arno Chanoch Karlen (May 7, 1937 – May 13, 2010) was an American poet, psychoanalyst, and in particular, popular science writer.

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Aromatoleum

"Aromatoleum" is a genus of proteobacteria capable of microbial biodegradation of organic pollutants.

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Ars Magica

Ars Magica is a role-playing game set in 'Mythic Europe' - a historically-grounded version of Europe and the Levant around AD 1200, with the added conceit that conceptions of the world prevalent in folklore and institutions of the High Middle Ages are factual reality (a situation known informally as the 'medieval paradigm').

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Ars operon

In molecular biology, the ars operon is an operon found in several bacterial taxon.

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Arsenate

The arsenate ion is.

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Arsenic

Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33.

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Arsenite

In chemistry, an arsenite is a chemical compound containing an arsenic oxoanion where arsenic has oxidation state +3.

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Arsenophonus

Arsenophonus is a genus of Enterobacteriaceae, of the Gammaproteobacteria.

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Arsenophonus nasoniae

Arsenophonus nasoniae is a species of bacteria.

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Arsphenamine

Arsphenamine, also known as Salvarsan or compound 606, is a drug that was introduced at the beginning of the 1910s as the first effective treatment for syphilis, and was also used to treat trypanosomiasis.

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Artemisia tridentata

Artemisia tridentata, commonly called big sagebrush,Mojave Desert Wildflowers, Pam MacKay, 2nd ed., 2013, Great Basin sagebrush or (locally) simply sagebrush, is an aromatic shrub from the family Asteraceae, which grows in arid and semi-arid conditions, throughout a range of cold desert, steppe, and mountain habitats in the Intermountain West of North America.

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Arthrobacter

Arthrobacter (from the Greek, "jointed small stick”) is a genus of bacteria that is commonly found in soil.

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Arthrobacter agilis

Arthrobacter agilis is a psychrotrophic bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which occurs in lake water and Antarctic sea ice.

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Arthrobacter alkaliphilus

Arthrobacter alkaliphilus is a Gram-positive and non-spore-forming bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from filtrations from a volcanic rock in Niigata in Japan.

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Arthrobacter alpinus

Arthrobacter alpinus is a psychrotrophic, Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from alpine soil from the Grossglockner area from the mountain range Hohe Tauern, in Austria.

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Arthrobacter bambusae

Arthrobacter bambusae is a Gram-positive, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from soil from a bamboo grove in Korea.

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Arthrobacter castelli

Arthrobacter castelli is a bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from biofilm from mural paintings in the Saint-Catherine chapel in Herberstein in Austria.

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Arthrobacter citreus

Arthrobacter citreus is a bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter.

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Arthrobacter cryoconiti

Arthrobacter cryoconiti is a psychrophilic, Gram-positive, aerobic and non-motile bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from cryoconite from the Banker glacier in the Ötztaler Alpen in Austria.

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Arthrobacter crystallopoietes

Arthrobacter crystallopoietes is a bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from soil.

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Arthrobacter cupressi

Arthrobacter cupressi is a Gram-positive and non-motile bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from the tree Cupressus sempervirens in Mianyang in the Sichuan province in China.

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Arthrobacter enclensis

Arthrobacter enclensis is a Gram-positive and non-motile bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from marine sediments from the Chorao Island from the Goa Province in India.

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Arthrobacter flavus

Arthrobacter flavus is a species of psychrophilic bacteria.

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Arthrobacter gandavensis

Arthrobacter gandavensis is a Gram-positive bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from mastitic milk in Belgium.

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Arthrobacter globiformis

Arthrobacter globiformis is a Gram-negative bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter.

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Arthrobacter gyeryongensis

Arthrobacter gyeryongensis is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from soil from a field with Gynostemma pentaphyllum plants.

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Arthrobacter halodurans

Arthrobacter halodurans is a Gram-positive, aerobic, halotolerant and non-motile bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from seawater from the South China Sea near the Naozhou Island in China.

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Arthrobacter humicola

Arthrobacter humicola is a Gram-positive bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Arthrobacter koreensis

Arthrobacter koreensis is an alkalitolerant bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from soil from the city Daejon in Korea.

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Arthrobacter liuii

Arthrobacter liuii is a Gram-positive, aerobic and non-motile bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from desert soil from Xinjiang, China.

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Arthrobacter livingstonensis

Arthrobacter livingstonensis is a species of bacteria.

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Arthrobacter luteolus

Arthrobacter luteolus is a bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from a human surgical wound in Belgium.

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Arthrobacter luteus

Arthrobacter luteus (ALU) is a gram stain positive bacteria.

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Arthrobacter methylotrophus

Arthrobacter methylotrophus is a bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from soil around the roots of the plant Tagetes minuta.

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Arthrobacter monumenti

Arthrobacter monumenti is a bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from biofilms covering a servilia tomb in Carmona in Spain.

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Arthrobacter nanjingensis

Arthrobacter nanjingensis is a Gram-positive and non-motile bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from forest soil in Nanjing in the Jiangsu Province in China.

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Arthrobacter nasiphocae

Arthrobacter nasiphocae is a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from the nasal cavity of a common seal (Phoca vitulina).

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Arthrobacter oryzae

Arthrobacter oryzae is a Gram-positive bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Arthrobacter parietis

Arthrobacter parietis is a bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from biofilms which covered a Sevilia tomb from the Roman necropolis of Carmona in Carmona in Spain.

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Arthrobacter pascens

Arthrobacter pascens is a bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which occurs in soil.

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Arthrobacter pigmenti

Arthrobacter pigmenti is a bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from a biofilm from a mural painting in Herberstein in Austria.

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Arthrobacter pityocampae

Arthrobacter pityocampae is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from the larva of the moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa in Samsun in Turkey.

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Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus

Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus is a psychrotrophic bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from Adélie penguins in the Antarctica.

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Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus

Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus is a psychrotrophic bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from soil in the United States.

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Arthrobacter ramosus

Arthrobacter ramosus is a bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from beech forest soil.

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Arthrobacter rhombi

Arthrobacter rhombi is a Gram-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from the halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides.

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Arthrobacter roseus

Arthrobacter roseus is a species of red-pigmented psychrophilic bacteria first isolated from a cyanobacterial mat.

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Arthrobacter russicus

Arthrobacter russicus is a species of Gram-positive bacteria, with type strain A1-3(T) (.

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Arthrobacter sanguinis

Arthrobacter sanguinis is a bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from human blood in Stockholm in Sweden.

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Arthrobacter stackebrandtii

Arthrobacter stackebrandtii is a bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from a poultry litter in the Netherlands.

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Arthrobacter subterraneus

Arthrobacter subterraneus is a species of bacteria.

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Arthrobacter tecti

Arthrobacter tecti is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from a biofilm which covered a Servilia tomb from the Roman necropolis of Carmona in Carmona in Spain.

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Arthrobacter tumbae

Arthrobacter tumbae is a bacterium species from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from a biofilm which covered a Servilia tomb in the Roman necropolis of Carmona in Carmona in Spain.

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Arthrobacter viscosus

Arthrobacter viscosus is a bacterium species misidentified from the genus of Arthrobacter which has been isolated from soil from the city airport in Guatemala.

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Arthrobacter woluwensis

Arthrobacter woluwensis is a species of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Arthroconidium

Arthroconidia are a type of fungal spore typically produced by segmentation of pre-existing fungal hyphae.

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Arthropod

An arthropod (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, "joint" and πούς pous, "foot") is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.

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Arthrospira

Arthrospira is a genus of free-floating filamentous cyanobacteria characterized by cylindrical, multicellular trichomes in an open left-hand helix.

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Arthur Harden

Sir Arthur Harden, FRS (12 October 1865 Manchester, Lancashire – 17 June 1940 Bourne End, Buckinghamshire) was a British biochemist.

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Arthur J. Ammann

Arthur J. Ammann (born August 12, 1936) is a pediatric immunologist and advocate known for his research on HIV transmission and his role in the development of the first successful vaccine to prevent pneumococcal infection in 1977.

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Arthur Riggs (geneticist)

Dr.

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Artificial heart valve

An artificial heart valve is a device implanted in the heart of a patient with valvular heart disease.

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Artificial induction of immunity

Artificial induction of immunity is the artificial induction of immunity to specific diseases – making people immune to disease by means other than waiting for them to catch the disease.

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Artificial seawater

Artificial seawater (abbreviated ASW) is a mixture of dissolved mineral salts (and sometimes vitamins) that simulates seawater.

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Asaccharobacter

Asaccharobacter is a bacterial genus from the family of Coriobacteriaceae.

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Asaccharobacter celatus

Asaccharobacter celatus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and obligately anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Asaccharobacter which has been isolated from a rat caecum in Japan.

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Asaia

Asaia is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacteria from the family of Acetobacteraceae which occur in tropical plants.

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Asaia bogorensis

Asaia bogorensis is a species of acetic acid bacterium.

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Asaia krungthepensis

Asaia krungthepensis is a species of acetic acid bacterium first isolated from a Heliconia flower.

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Asaia siamensis

Asaia siamensis is a species of acetic acid bacterium.

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Ascending cholangitis

Ascending cholangitis, also known as acute cholangitis or simply cholangitis, is an infection of the bile duct (cholangitis), usually caused by bacteria ascending from its junction with the duodenum (first part of the small intestine).

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Ascomycota

Ascomycota is a division or phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, form the subkingdom Dikarya.

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Asexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes, and almost never changes the number of chromosomes.

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Asian water monitor

Varanus salvator, commonly known as the water monitor or common water monitor, is a large lizard native to South and Southeast Asia.

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Aspic

Aspic is a dish in which ingredients are set into a gelatin made from a meat stock or consommé.

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Aspiration pneumonia

Aspiration pneumonia is a type of lung infection that is due to a relatively large amount of material from the stomach or mouth entering the lungs.

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Assimilation (biology)

Biological assimilation, or bio-assimilation, is the combination of two processes to supply cells with nutrients.

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Asterina phylactica

Asterina phylactica is a species of sea star.

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Asticcacaulis

The Asticcacaulis are a genus of proteobacteria.

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Asticcacaulis biprosthecum

Asticcacaulis biprosthecum is a stalked bacterial species phylogenetically closely related to the species Caulobacter crescentus.

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Astrobiology

Astrobiology is a branch of biology concerned with the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe.

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Astronaut

An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft.

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Astronautical hygiene

Astronautical hygiene evaluates, and mitigates, hazards and health risks to those working in low-gravity environments.

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Asymmetric bacterium

Asymmetric bacteria are bacteria that undergo "non-symmetrical" life cycles.

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ATCase/OTCase family

In molecular biology, the ATCase/OTCase family is a protein family which contains two related enzymes: aspartate carbamoyltransferase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase.

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Atelocyanobacterium thalassa

Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium thalassa (previously cyanobacterium UCYN-A) is a species of cyanobacteria commonly found throughout the world's oceans.

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Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build up of plaque.

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Atlantic horseshoe crab

The Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), also known as the American horseshoe crab, is a species of marine and brackish chelicerate arthropod.

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Atopobium

Atopobium is a genus of Actinobacteria, in the family Coriobacteriaceae.

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Atopobium vaginae

Atopobium vaginae is a species of bacteria in the genus of Actinobacteria, in the family Coriobacteriaceae.

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Atopococcus

Atopococcus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Carnobacteriaceae, with one known species (Atopococcus tabaci).

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Atopococcus tabaci

Atopococcus tabaci is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Atopococcus which has been isolated from tobacco in Sweden.

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Atopostipes

Atopostipes is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Carnobacteriaceae, with one known species (Atopostipes suicloacalis).

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Atopostipes suicloacalis

Atopostipes suicloacalis is a rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Atopostipes which has been isolated from a swine manure storage pit in the United States.

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ATP phosphoribosyltransferase

In enzymology, an ATP phosphoribosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP and diphosphate, whereas its two products are ATP and 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate.

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ATP synthase

ATP synthase is an enzyme that creates the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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ATP synthase delta subunit

ATP synthase delta subunit is a subunit of bacterial and chloroplast ATPase, or OSCP (oligomycin sensitivity conferral protein) in mitochondrial ATPase (note that in mitochondria there is a different delta subunit). The OSCP/delta subunit appears to be part of the peripheral stalk that holds the F1 complex alpha3beta3 catalytic core stationary against the torque of the rotating central stalk, and links subunit A of the F0 complex with the F1 complex.

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ATP-dependent Clp protease adaptor protein ClpS

ClpS is an N-recognin in the N-end rule pathway.

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ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit

ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit (ClpP) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CLPP gene.

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ATP5F1

ATP synthase subunit b, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP5F1 gene.

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ATP5J

ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP5J gene.

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ATP5L

ATP synthase subunit g, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP5L gene.

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ATP:ADP antiporter family

The ATP:ADP Antiporter (AAA) Family is a member of the major facilitator superfamily.

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ATPase

ATPases (adenylpyrophosphatase, ATP monophosphatase, triphosphatase, SV40 T-antigen, adenosine 5'-triphosphatase, ATP hydrolase, complex V (mitochondrial electron transport), (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase, HCO3−-ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase) are a class of enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of ATP into ADP and a free phosphate ion.

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ATPC RNA motif

The ATPC RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure found in certain cyanobacteria.

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Atta sexdens

Atta sexdens is a species of leafcutter ant belonging to the tribe Attini, native to the New World, from the southern United States (Texas) to northern Argentina.

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Attenuator (genetics)

Attenuation (in genetics) is a proposed mechanism of control in some bacterial operons which results in premature termination of transcription and is based on the fact that, in bacteria, transcription and translation proceed simultaneously.

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Atypical bacteria

Atypical bacteria are bacteria that do not color with gram-staining but rather remain colorless: they are neither Gram-positive nor Gram-negative.

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Atypical pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, also known as walking pneumonia, is the type of pneumonia not caused by one of the pathogens most commonly associated with the disease.

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Auguste Chauveau

Jean-Baptiste "Auguste" Chauveau ForMemRS (23 November 1827 – 4 January 1917) was a French professor and veterinarian.

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Aulosira

Aulosira is a genus of cyanobacteria found in a variety of environmental niches that forms colonies composed of filaments of moniliform cells.

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Auramine O

Auramine O is a diarylmethane dye used as a fluorescent stain.

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Aurantimonadaceae

The Aurantimonadaceae are a small family of marine bacteria.

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Aurantimonas

Aurantimonas is a genus of bacteria from the family of Aurantimonadaceae.

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Aurantimonas coralicida

Aurantimonas coralicida is a gram-negative bacterium, and a causative agent of white plague in Caribbean corals.

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Aurantimonas litoralis

Aurantimonas litoralis is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-motile bacteria from the genus of Aurantimonas which was isolated from coastal water from Oregon in the United States.

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Aurantimonas manganoxydans

Aurantimonas manganoxydans is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, motile bacteria from the genus of Aurantimonas which has the ability to oxidize Manganese.

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Aureimonas

Aureimonas is a genus of marine bacteria from the family of Aurantimonadaceae.

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Aureimonas altamirensis

Aureimonas altamirensis is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-motile bacteria from the genus Aurantimonas which was isolated from Altamira Cave in Cantabria in Spain.

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Aureimonas ferruginea

Aureimonas ferruginea is a catalase- and oxidase-positive bacteria from the genus of Aurantimonas which was isolated from a rusty iron plate.

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Aureimonas frigidaquae

Aureimonas frigidaquae is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria from the genus of Aurantimonas which was isolated from a water-cooling system in Gwangyang in the Republic of Korea.

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Aureimonas jatrophae

Aureimonas jatrophae is a bacterium from the genus of Aurantimonas which was isolated from the plant Jatropha curcas Linnaeus in the Agrotechnology Experimental Station of Lim Chu Kang in Singapore.

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Aureimonas phyllosphaerae

Aureimonas phyllosphaerae is a bacterium from the genus of Aurantimonas which was isolated from the plant Jatropha curcas Linnaeus from an agrotechnology experimental station in Lim Chu Kang in Singapore.

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Aureimonas rubiginis

Aureimonas rubiginis is a bacterium from the genus of Aurantimonas which was isolated from a rusty iron plate.

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Aureimonas ureilytica

Aureimonas ureilytica is a bacterium from the genus of Aurantimonas.

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Aurelia aurita

Aurelia aurita (also called the common jellyfish, moon jellyfish, moon jelly, or saucer jelly) is a widely studied species of the genus Aurelia.

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Autism therapies

for explicitly cited references.

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Autoclave

An autoclave is a pressure chamber used to carry out industrial processes requiring elevated temperature and pressure different from ambient air pressure.

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Autolysin

An autolysin is an enzyme (gametolysin, Chlamydomonas cell wall degrading protease, lysin, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii metalloproteinase, gamete lytic enzyme, gamete autolysin) that hydrolyzes (and breaks down) the components of a biological cell or a tissue in which it is produced.

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Automatic milking

Automatic milking is the milking of dairy animals, especially of dairy cattle, without human labour.

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Autotransfusion

Autotransfusion is a process wherein a person receives their own blood for a transfusion, instead of banked allogenic (separate-donor) blood.

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Autotroph

An autotroph ("self-feeding", from the Greek autos "self" and trophe "nourishing") or producer, is an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light (photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis).

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Auxanography

Auxanography is the study of the effects of changes in environment on the growth of microorganisms, by means of auxanograms.

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Auxin

Auxins (plural of auxin) are a class of plant hormones (or plant growth regulators) with some morphogen-like characteristics.

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Avian immune system

The avian immune system refers to the system of biological structures and cellular processes that protects birds from disease.

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Avibacterium endocarditidis

Avibacterium endocarditidis is a bacterium from the genus of Avibacterium which has been isolated from a chicken with valvular endocarditis in Denmark.

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Avocado

The avocado (Persea americana) is a tree, long thought to have originated in South Central Mexico, classified as a member of the flowering plant family Lauraceae.

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Avondale Agricultural Research Station

Avondale Agriculture Research Station or Avondale Discovery Farm is one of thirteen research farms and stations operated by Western Australia's Department of Agriculture and Food.

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Axenic

In biology, axenic describes the state of a culture in which only a single species, variety, or strain of organism is present and entirely free of all other contaminating organisms.

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Ayalon Cave

The Ayyalon Cave (מערת איילון) is a large underground limestone cave near Ramla, Israel in which new species of crustaceans were discovered in April 2006.

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Ayamaru Lakes

The Ayamaru Lakes (sometimes spelled Ajamaru) are a group of lakes found in the west-central part of the Bird's Head Peninsula in West Papua, Indonesia.

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Azithromycin

Azithromycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.

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Azlocillin

Azlocillin is an acylampicillin antibiotic with an extended spectrum of activity and greater in vitro potency than the carboxy penicillins.

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Azoarcus

Azoarcus is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

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Azoarcus anaerobius

Azoarcus anaerobius is a gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, catalase-negative, nitrate-reducing, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Azoarcus.

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Azoarcus buckelii

Azoarcus buckelii is a bacterium from the genus of Azoarcus.

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Azoarcus communis

Azoarcus communis is a species of bacteria.

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Azoarcus evansii

Azoarcus evansii is a species of bacteria.

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Azoarcus indigens

Azoarcus indigens is a species of bacteria.

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Azoarcus olearius

Azoarcus olearius is a species of bacteria.

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Azoarcus toluclasticus

Azoarcus toluclasticus is a gram negative bacterium from the genus of Azoarcus.

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Azoarcus tolulyticus

Azoarcus tolulyticus is a species of bacteria.

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Azoarcus toluvorans

Azoarcus toluvorans is a bacterium from the genus of Azoarcus.

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Azomonas

Azomonas species are typically motile, oval to spherical, and secrete large quantities of capsular slime.

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Azomonas agilis

Azomonas agilis is a species of motile, Gram-negative bacteria found in water and is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen.

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Azonexus

Azonexus is a genus of gram-negative, non-spore-forming, highly motile bacteria that is the type genus of the family Azonexaceae which is in the order Rhodocyclales of the class Betaproteobacteria.

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Azonexus caeni

Azonexus caeni is a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

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Azonexus fungiphilus

Azonexus fungiphilus is a species of bacteria.

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Azonexus hydrophilus

Azonexus hydrophilus is a gram negative, facultatively aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Azonexus which was isolated from freshwater.

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Azorhizobium

Azorhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria.

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Azorhizobium caulinodans

Azorhizobium caulinodans is a species of bacteria that forms a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with plants of the genus Sesbania.

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Azorhizobium doebereinerae

Azorhizobium doebereinerae is a species of bacteria in the family Xanthobacteraceae.

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Azorhizobium oxalatiphilum

Azorhizobium oxalatiphilum is a Gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming bacteria from the familia of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from the plant Rumex sp. petioles in Mugla in Turkey.

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Azospira

Azospira is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Azospira oryzae

Azospira oryzae is a species of bacteria.

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Azospira restricta

Azospira restricta is a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

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Azospirillum

Azospirillum is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, non-fermentative and nitrogen-fixing bacterial genus from the family of Rhodospirillaceae.

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Azospirillum brasilense

Azospirillum brasilense is a bacterium.

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Azospirillum canadense

Azospirillum canadense is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from corn rhizospheres.

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Azospirillum doebereinerae

Azospirillum doebereinerae is a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with the roots of Miscanthus species.

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Azospirillum halopraeferens

Azospirillum halopraeferens is a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with the roots of Leptochloa fusca and black mangrove.

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Azospirillum oryzae

Azospirillum oryzae is a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with the roots of Oryza sativa.

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Azotobacter

Azotobacter is a genus of usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts and may produce large quantities of capsular slime.

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Azotobacter chroococcum

Azotobacter chroococcum is a bacterium discovered in 1901 by Martinus Beijerinck, noted for his discovery of an infectious agent smaller than a bacterium which is responsible for tobacco mosaic disease, as well as his role in founding the field of virology.

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Azotobacter salinestris

Azotobacter salinestris is a Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing bacterium; its specific name, salinestris, comes from the Latin words salinus meaning saline and estris which means "living in".

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Azotobacter vinelandii

Azotobacter vinelandii is Gram-negative diazotroph that can fix nitrogen while grown aerobically.

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Azovibrio

Azovibrio is a genus of bacteria from the order Rhodocyclales which belongs to the class of Betaproteobacteria, but the family to which it belongs is uncertain since it falls in between the Zoogloeaceae and the Rhodocyclaceae.

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Azovibrio restrictus

Azovibrio restrictus is a species of bacteria.

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Azurin

Azurin is a bacterial blue copper protein found in Pseudomonas, Bordetella, or Alcaligenes bacteria, which undergoes oxidation-reduction between Cu(I) and Cu(II), and transfers single electrons between enzymes associated with the cytochrome chain.

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Époisses de Bourgogne

Époisses de Bourgogne is a legally demarcated cheese made in the village Époisses and its environs, in the département of Côte-d'Or, about halfway between Dijon and Auxerre, in the former duchy of Burgundy, France, from agricultural processes and resources traditionally found in that region.

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Étienne Wasserzug

Wasserzug Étienne Bronislaw (born 1 August 1860 in Motol; died 1888) was a French biologist of Polish origin.

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B-amylase

Beta-amylase (saccharogen amylase, glycogenase) is an enzyme with the systematic name 4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase.

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B1 domain

In molecular biology, the protein domain b1 refers to the domain b1 of Protein L. L is a bacterial protein with immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain-binding properties.

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BacDive

BacDive (the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase) is a bacterial metadatabase that provides strain-linked information about bacterial and archaeal biodiversity.

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Bacillaceae

The Bacillaceae are a family of Gram-positive, heterotrophic, rod-shaped bacteria that may produce endospores.

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Bacillaceae-1 RNA motif

The Bacillaceae-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics within bacteria in the family bacillaceae.

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BacillaFilla

BacillaFilla is a genetically engineered strain of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis which was developed by a group of students at Newcastle University in 2010 in order to repair cracks in concrete as part of an International Genetically Engineered Machine competition.

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Bacillary dysentery

Bacillary dysentery is a type of dysentery, and is a severe form of shigellosis.

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Bacilli

Bacilli refers to a taxonomic class of bacteria.

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Bacillus

Bacillus is a genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria and a member of the phylum Firmicutes.

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Bacillus (shape)

A bacillus (plural bacilli) or bacilliform bacterium is a rod-shaped bacterium or archaeon.

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Bacillus aerius

Bacillus aerius is a species of bacteria first isolated from cryogenic tubes used for collecting air samples from high altitudes, hence its name.

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Bacillus aerophilus

Bacillus aerophilus is a species of bacteria first isolated from cryogenic tubes used for collecting air samples from high altitudes, hence its name.

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Bacillus alcalophilus

Bacillus alcalophilus is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped species of bacteria.

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Bacillus altitudinis

Bacillus altitudinis is a species of bacteria first isolated from cryogenic tubes used for collecting air samples from high altitudes, hence its name.

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Bacillus aminovorans

Bacillus aminovorans is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped species of bacteria.

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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a species of bacterium in the genus Bacillus that is the source of the BamH1 restriction enzyme.

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Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent of anthrax—a common disease of livestock and, occasionally, of humans—and the only obligate pathogen within the genus Bacillus.

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Bacillus arseniciselenatis

Bacillus arseniciselenatis is a bacterium first isolated from Mono Lake, California.

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Bacillus atrophaeus

Bacillus atrophaeus is a species of black-pigmented bacteria.

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Bacillus azotoformans

Bacillus azotoformans is a species of bacteria within the genus Bacillus.

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Bacillus badius

Bacillus badius is a Gram-positive aerobic spore-forming bacillus.

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Bacillus boroniphilus

Bacillus boroniphilus is a species of highly boron-tolerant bacterium, hence its name.

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Bacillus cereus

Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, motile, beta hemolytic bacterium commonly found in soil and food.

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Bacillus circulans

Bacillus circulans is a soil-dwelling human pathogen which has been associated with "septicemia, mixed abscess infections, and wound infections", as well as with meningitis.

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Bacillus clarkii

Bacillus clarkii is a facultative anaerobe bacterium.

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Bacillus clausii

Bacillus clausii is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive, motile and spore-forming bacterium that lives in the soil.

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Bacillus coagulans

Bacillus coagulans is a lactic acid-forming bacterial species.

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Bacillus coahuilensis

Bacillus coahuilensis is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive, motile, spore-forming bacterium.

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Bacillus fastidiosus

Bacillus fastidiosus is an aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium that has been isolated from soil and poultry litter.

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Bacillus firmus

Bacillus firmus is a species of bacteria within the genus Bacillus.

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Bacillus fumarioli

Bacillus fumarioli is a species of aerobic endospore-forming bacteria.

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Bacillus fusiformis

Bacillus fusiformis is a gram-positive bacterium of the genus Bacillus.

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Bacillus gaemokensis

Bacillus gaemokensis is a bacterium.

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Bacillus gibsonii

Bacillus gibsonii is a facultative anaerobe bacterium.

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Bacillus halmapalus

Bacillus halmapalus is a facultative anaerobe bacterium.

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Bacillus halodurans

Bacillus halodurans is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive, motile and spore-forming bacterium found in soil.

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Bacillus horikoshii

Bacillus horikoshii is a facultative anaerobe bacterium.

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Bacillus horti

Bacillus horti is a species of Gram-negative alkaliphilic bacillus.

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Bacillus infernus

Bacillus infernus is a thermophilic, strictly anaerobic bacterium of the genus Bacillus that lives in deep terrestrial subsurface areas.

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Bacillus lentimorbus

Bacillus lentimorbus is a Gram-positive bacterium used as a soil or plant inoculant in agriculture and horticulture.

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Bacillus licheniformis

Bacillus licheniformis is a bacterium commonly found in the soil.

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Bacillus megaterium

Bacillus megaterium is a rod-like, Gram-positive, mainly aerobic spore forming bacterium found in widely diverse habitats.

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Bacillus mesentericus

Bacillus mesentericus is a Gram-positive species of bacteria.

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Bacillus mojavensis

Bacillus mojavensis is a bacterium.

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Bacillus mycoides

Bacillus mycoides is a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium of the genus Bacillus.

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Bacillus nealsonii

Bacillus nealsonii is a species of bacteria first isolated from a spacecraft-assembly facility.

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Bacillus odysseyi

Bacillus odysseyi is a Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, round-spore- and endospore-forming eubacterium of the Bacillus genus.

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Bacillus oleronius

Bacillus oleronius is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus.

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Bacillus phage AP50

Bacillus phage AP50 (formerly Phage AP50) is a species of bacteriophage that infects Bacillus anthracis bacteria.

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Bacillus pseudalcalophilus

Bacillus pseudalcalophilus is a facultative anaerobe bacterium.

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Bacillus pseudofirmus

Bacillus pseudofirmus is a facultative anaerobe bacterium.

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Bacillus pseudomycoides

Bacillus pseudomycoides is a bacterium.

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Bacillus pumilus

Bacillus pumilus is a Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming bacillus commonly found in soil.

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Bacillus safensis

Bacillus safensis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, and rod bacterium, originally isolated from a spacecraft in Florida and California.

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Bacillus selenitireducens

Bacillus selenitireducens is a bacterium first isolated from Mono Lake, California.

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Bacillus sonorensis

Bacillus sonorensis is a species of bacteria with type strain L87-10T (.

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Bacillus sporothermodurans

Bacillus sporothermodurans is a species of bacteria notable for producing highly heat-resistant endospores, hence its name.

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Bacillus stratosphericus

Bacillus stratosphericus is a microbe commonly found in high concentrations in the stratosphere.

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Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis, known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium, found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and humans.

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Bacillus thuringiensis

Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, commonly used as a biological pesticide.

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Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki

Bacillus thuringiensis serotype kurstaki (Btk) is a group of bacteria used as biological control agents against lepidopterans.

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Bacillus vallismortis

Bacillus vallismortis is a species of bacteria, with type strain DV1-F-3 (5 NRRLB-14890).

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Bacillus weihenstephanensis

Bacillus weihenstephanensis is a soil-dwelling, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, beta-hemolytic bacterium.

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Back River (Maryland)

Back River is a tidal estuary in Baltimore County, Maryland, located about east of the city of Baltimore.

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Backbone chain

In polymer science, the backbone chain of a polymer is the longest series of covalently bonded atoms that together create the continuous chain of the molecule.

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Backpacking (wilderness)

Backpacking is the outdoor recreation of carrying gear on one's back, while hiking for more than a day.

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Bacteremia

Bacteremia (also bacteraemia) is the presence of bacteria in the blood.

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Bacteria

Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.

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Bacteria (disambiguation)

The bacteria are a major group of prokaryotic living organisms.

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Bacterial adhesin

Adhesins are cell-surface components or appendages of bacteria that facilitate adhesion or adherence to other cells or to surfaces, usually the host they are infecting or living in.

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Bacterial antenna complex

Bacterial antenna complex proteins are the main light-absorbing components in photosynthetic bacteria. Also known as a light-harvesting complex/system, the bacterial antenna complex is responsible for the transfer of solar energy to the photosynthetic reaction centre. The bacterial antenna complexes of all photosynthetic bacteria have similar features. They consist of light-absorbing pigments that are either non-covalently associated with integral proteins in the case of purple photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria, or present in chlorosomes in the case of green photosynthetic bacteria. The light-absorbing pigments in chlorosomes do not associate with integral proteins for assembly. Green and purple photosynthetic bacteria utilize different bacteriochlorophyll molecules while cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll, the light-absorbing pigments found in plants. Purple photosynthetic bacteria, particularly Rhodopseudomonos acidophilia of purple non-sulfur bacteria, have been one of the main groups of organisms used to study bacterial antenna complexes so much is known about this group's photosynthetic components.

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Bacterial artificial chromosome

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) is a DNA construct, based on a functional fertility plasmid (or F-plasmid), used for transforming and cloning in bacteria, usually E. coli.

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Bacterial binding protein-dependent transporter

Bacterial binding protein-dependent transport systems, are multicomponent systems typically composed of a periplasmic substrate-binding protein, one or two reciprocally homologous integral inner-membrane proteins and one or two peripheral membrane ATP-binding proteins that couple energy to the active transport system.

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Bacterial blight (barley)

Bacterial blight is a disease of barley caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv.

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Bacterial blight of cotton

Bacterial blight of cotton is a disease affecting the cotton plant resulting from infection by Xanthomonas axonopodis pathovar malvacearum (Xcm) a Gram negative, motile rod-shaped, non spore-forming bacterium with a single polar flagellum.

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Bacterial capsule

Some bacterial cells are surrounded by a viscous substance forming a covering layer or envelope around the cell wall.

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Bacterial cell structure

Bacteria, despite their simplicity, contain a well-developed cell structure which is responsible for some of their unique biological structures and pathogenicity.

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Bacterial cellular morphologies

Bacteria are classified by direct examination with the light microscope according to their morphology and arrangement.

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Bacterial cellulose

Bacterial cellulose is an organic compound with the formula produced by certain types of bacteria.

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Bacterial circadian rhythm

Bacterial circadian rhythms, like other circadian rhythms, are endogenous "biological clocks" that have the following three characteristics: (a) in constant conditions (i.e. constant temperature and either constant light or constant darkness) they oscillate with a period that is close to, but not exactly, 24 hours in duration, (b) this "free-running" rhythm is temperature compensated, and (c) the rhythm will entrain to an appropriate environmental cycle.

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Bacterial conjugation

Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells.

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Bacterial display

Bacterial display (or bacteria display or bacterial surface display) is a protein engineering technique used for in vitro protein evolution.

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Bacterial DNA binding protein

In molecular biology, bacterial DNA binding proteins are a family of small, usually basic proteins of about 90 residues that bind DNA and are known as histone-like proteins.

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Bacterial Filtration Efficiency

Bacterial Filtration Efficiency or BFE is a measurement of a material's resistance to penetration of bacteria.

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Bacterial genetics

Bacterial genetics is the subfield of genetics devoted to the study of bacteria.

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Bacterial genome

Bacterial genomes are generally smaller and less variant in size among species when compared with genomes of animals and single cell eukaryotes.

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Bacterial gliding

Bacterial gliding is a process of motility whereby a bacterium can move under its own power.

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Bacterial glutathione transferase

Bacterial glutathione transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) are part of a superfamily of enzymes that play a crucial role in cellular detoxification.

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Bacterial growth

Growth is shown as ''L''.

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Bacterial lawn

Bacterial lawn is a term used by microbiologists to describe the appearance of bacterial colonies when all the individual colonies on a petri-dish agar plate merge to form a field or mat of bacteria.

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Bacterial Leucine Transporter

Bacterial Leucine Transporter (LeuT) is a bundled twelve alpha helix protein which belongs to the family of transporters that shuttle amino acids in and out of bacterial cells.

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Bacterial morphological plasticity

Bacterial morphological plasticity refers to changes in the shape and size that bacterial cells undergo when they encounter stressful environments.

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Bacterial nanowires

Bacterial nanowires (also known as microbial nanowires) are electrically conductive appendages produced by a number of bacteria most notably from (but not exclusive to) the Geobacter and Shewanella genera.

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Bacterial outer membrane vesicles

Bacteria communicate among themselves and with other living forms in their environment via nano-scale membrane vesicles in their bacterial outer membranes.

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Bacterial phyla

The bacterial phyla are the major lineages, known as phyla or divisions, of the domain Bacteria.

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Bacterial phylodynamics

Bacterial phylodynamics is the study of immunology, epidemiology, and phylogenetics of bacterial pathogens to better understand the evolutionary role of these pathogens.

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Bacterial pneumonia

Bacterial pneumonia is a type of pneumonia caused by bacterial infection.

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Bacterial recombination

Bacterial recombination is a type of genetic recombination in bacteria characterized by DNA transfer from one organism called donor to another organism as recipient.

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Bacterial senescence

Bacterial senescence or bacterial aging refers to the gradual decrease in cellular function in individual bacterium as they increase in age.

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Bacterial small RNA

Bacterial small RNAs (sRNA) are small RNAs produced by bacteria; they are 50- to 500-nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules, highly structured and containing several stem-loops.

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Bacterial soft rot

Bacterial soft rots are caused by several types of bacteria, but most commonly by species of gram-negative bacteria, Erwinia, Pectobacterium, and Pseudomonas.

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Bacterial taxonomy

Bacterial taxonomy is the taxonomy, i.e. the rank-based classification, of bacteria.

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Bacterial transcription

Bacterial transcription is the process in which messenger RNA transcripts of genetic material in bacteria are produced, to be translated for the production of proteins.

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Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a disease of the vagina caused by excessive growth of bacteria.

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Bacterial wilt

Bacterial wilt is a cucurbit disease caused by the pathogen Erwinia tracheiphila, a Gram-negative bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Bacterial wilt of turfgrass

Bacterial wilt of turfgrass is the only known bacterial disease of turf.

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Bacterial, archaeal and plant plastid code

The bacterial, archaeal and plant plastid code is the DNA code used by bacteria, archaea, prokaryotic viruses and chloroplast proteins.

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Bactericide

A bactericide or bacteriocide, sometimes abbreviated Bcidal, is a substance that kills bacteria.

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Bacteriochlorophyll

Bacteriochlorophylls are photosynthetic pigments that occur in various phototrophic bacteria.

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Bacteriocin

Bacteriocins are proteinaceous or peptidic toxins produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strain(s).

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Bacteriocin IId

Bacteriocin AS-48 is a cyclic peptide antibiotic produced by the eubacteria Enterococcus faecalis (Streptococcus faecalis) that shows a broad antimicrobial spectrum against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

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Bacteriocinogen

Bacteriocinogens (bāk-tēr'ē-ə-sĭn'ə-jənz), also known as bacteriocinogenic plasmids, are bacterial plasmids that direct the synthesis of bacteriocins, bacteriocidal proteins produced by certain types of bacteria that kill other strains of the same species or closely related species.

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Bacteriocyte

A bacteriocyte (Greek for bacteria cell), also called a mycetocyte, is a specialized adipocyte found in some insect groups such as aphids, tsetse flies, german cockroaches, weevils, and others.

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Bacteriohopanepolyol

Bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs), bacteriohopanoids, or bacterial pentacyclic triterpenoids are commonly found in the lipid cell membranes of many bacteria.

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Bacteriological water analysis

Bacteriological water analysis is a method of analysing water to estimate the numbers of bacteria present and, if needed, to find out what sort of bacteria they are.

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Bacteriologist (Professional)

A bacteriologist is a professional trained in bacteriology a subdivision of microbiology.

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Bacteriology

Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them.

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Bacteriome

A bacteriome is a specialized organ, found mainly in some insects, that hosts endosymbiotic bacteria.

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Bacteriophage

A bacteriophage, also known informally as a phage, is a virus that infects and replicates within Bacteria and Archaea.

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Bacteriophage experimental evolution

Experimental evolution studies are a means of testing evolutionary theory under carefully designed, reproducible experiments.

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Bacterioplankton

Bacterioplankton refers to the bacterial component of the plankton that drifts in the water column.

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Bacteriostatic agent

A bacteriostatic agent or bacteriostat, abbreviated Bstatic, is a biological or chemical agent that stops bacteria from reproducing, while not necessarily killing them otherwise.

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Bacteriotherapy

Bacteriotherapy is the purposeful use of bacteria or their products in treating an illness.

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Bacteriovorax stolpii

Bacteriovorax stolpii is a species of bacterium in the family Bacteriovoracaceae.

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Bacterium (disambiguation)

Bacterium may refer to.

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Bacterium (genus)

The genus Bacterium was a taxon described in 1828 by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg.

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Bacteriuria

Bacteriuria is the presence of bacteria in urine.

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Bacterivore

Bacterivores are free-living, generally heterotrophic organisms, exclusively microscopic, which obtain energy and nutrients primarily or entirely from the consumption of bacteria.

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Bacteroidaceae

The family Bacteroidaceae is composed of five genera of environmental bacteria.

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Bacteroidales

The order Bacteroidales comprises nine families of environmental bacteria.

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Bacteroidales-1 RNA motif

The Bacteroidales-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics.

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Bacteroides

Bacteroides is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria.

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Bacteroides dorei

Bacteroides dorei is a species of bacteria within the genus Bacteroides, first isolated in 2006.

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Bacteroides fragilis

Bacteroides fragilis is an obligately anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Bacteroides ureolyticus

Bacteroides ureolyticus is a species in the bacterial genus of Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic bacteria.

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Bacteroides-1 RNA motif

The Bacteroides-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure identified in bacteria within the genus Bacteroides.

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Bacteroidetes

The phylum Bacteroidetes is composed of three large classes of Gram-negative, nonsporeforming, anaerobic or aerobic, and rod-shaped bacteria that are widely distributed in the environment, including in soil, sediments, and sea water, as well as in the guts and on the skin of animals.

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Bacteroidia

The class Bacteroidia is composed of a single order of environmental bacteria.

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Bactridines

Bactridines are a group of six antibacterial peptides from the venom of the Tityus discrepans scorpion.

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Baked milk

Baked milk (топлёное молоко, пряжене молоко, адтопленае малако) is a variety of boiled milk that has been particularly popular in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.

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Bald sea urchin disease

Bald sea urchin disease is a bacterial disease known to affect several species of sea urchins in the Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic and along the California coastline.

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Ballast water discharge and the environment

Ballast water discharges by ships can have a negative impact on the marine environment.

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Ballast water regulation in the United States

Ballast water discharge typically contains a variety of biological materials, including plants, animals, viruses, and bacteria.

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Balnearium lithotrophicum

Balnearium lithotrophicum is a species of bacterium described in 2003 and classified as belonging to the Aquificae.

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BANA test

The BANA test (referring to the enzymatic breakdown of) is used to determine the proteolytic activity of certain oral anaerobes that contribute to oral malodor.

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Banana Xanthomonas wilt

Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW), or banana bacterial wilt (BBW) or enset wilt is a bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv.

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Barbara Niedernhuber

Barbara Niedernhuber (nicknamed Babsi, born 6 June 1974 in Berchtesgaden) is a German luger who competed from 1994 to 2006.

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Barnett Rosenberg

Barnett Rosenberg (16 November 1926 – 8 August 2009) was an American chemist best known for the discovery of the anti-cancer drug cisplatin.

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Barreleye

Barreleyes, also known as spook fish (a name also applied to several species of chimaera), are small deep-sea argentiniform fish comprising the family Opisthoproctidae found in tropical-to-temperate waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.

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Barrier membrane

A barrier membrane is a device used in oral surgery and periodontal surgery to prevent epithelium, which regenerates relatively quickly, from growing into an area in which another, more slowly growing tissue type, such as bone, is desired.

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Bartonella

Bartonella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Bartonella acomydis

Bartonella acomydis is a bacterium from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from wild Rodentia.

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Bartonella alsatica

Bartonella alsatica is a proteobacterium.

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Bartonella australis

Bartonella australis is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Bartonella which was isolated from eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus).

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Bartonella bacilliformis

Bartonella bacilliformis is a proteobacterium, Gram negative aerobic, pleomorphic, flagellated, motile, coccobacillary, 2–3 μm long, 0.2–0.5 μm wide, and a facultative intracellular bacterium.

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Bartonella birtlesii

Bartonella birtlesii is a oxidase- and catalase-negative bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from Apodemus.

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Bartonella bovis

Bartonella bovis is a pathogenic bacteria first isolated from European ruminants.

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Bartonella callosciuri

Bartonella callosciuri is a bacterium from the genus of Bartonella.

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Bartonella capreoli

Bartonella capreoli is a pathogenic bacteria first isolated from European ruminants.

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Bartonella chomelii

Bartonella chomelii is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-negative bacteria from the genus of Bartonella with a unipolar flagellum which was isolated from a domestic cattle (Bos taurus).

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Bartonella clarridgeiae

Bartonella clarridgeiae is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was first isolated in the United States.

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Bartonella coopersplainsensis

Bartonella coopersplainsensis is a Gram-negative, non-motile bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from the blood of a wild rat (Rattus leucopus).

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Bartonella doshiae

Bartonella doshiae is a proteobacterium.

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Bartonella elizabethae

Bartonella elizabethae, formerly known as Rochalimaea elizabethae, is a proteobacterium.

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Bartonella grahamii

Bartonella grahamii is a proteobacterium.

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Bartonella henselae

Bartonella henselae, formerly Rochalimæa, is a proteobacterium that is the causative agent of cat-scratch disease (bartonellosis).

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Bartonella jaculi

Bartonella jaculi is a bacterium from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from the blood of Rodentia.

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Bartonella japonica

Bartonella japonica is a species of proteobacteria in the genus Bartonella.

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Bartonella koehlerae

Bartonella koehlerae is a proteobacterium first isolated from cats.

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Bartonella melophagi

Bartonella melophagi is a candidatus species of Bartonella that causes infection in humans.

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Bartonella pachyuromydis

Bartonella pachyuromydis is a bacterium from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from Rodentia.

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Bartonella peromysci

Bartonella peromysci, formerly belonging to the Grahamella genus, is a proteobacterium.

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Bartonella phoceensis

Bartonella phoceensis is a bacterium from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from the blood of the rat Rattus norvegicus.

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Bartonella queenslandensis

Bartonella queenslandensis is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from the blood of rats from the genus of Melomys in Queensland in Australia.

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Bartonella quintana

Bartonella quintana, originally known as Rochalimaea quintana, and "Rickettsia quintana", is a micro-organism transmitted by the human body louse.

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Bartonella rattaustraliani

Bartonella rattaustraliani is a bacterium from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from the blood of rats from the genus of Melomys.

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Bartonella rattimassiliensis

Bartonella rattimassiliensis is a bacterium from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from the rat Rattus norvegicus.

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Bartonella rochalimae

Bartonella rochalimae is a recently discovered strain of Gram-negative bacteria in the genus Bartonella, isolated by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Bartonella schoenbuchensis

Bartonella schoenbuchensis is a bacterium from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from the fly Lipoptena cervi, also known as the deer ked.

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Bartonella senegalensis

Bartonella senegalensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, Catalase- and oxidase-negative non-spore-forming, non-motile bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from the tick Ornithodoros sonrai in Senegal in Africa.

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Bartonella silvatica

Bartonella silvatica is an oxidase- and catalase-negative bacterium from the genus Bartonella isolated from the blood of the large Japanese field mouse Apodemus speciosus.

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Bartonella silvicola

Bartonella silvicola is a bacterium from the genus of Bartonella.

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Bartonella talpae

Bartonella talpae, formerly belonging to the Grahamella genus, is a proteobacterium.

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Bartonella tamiae

Bartonella tamiae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from the blood of patients in Thailand.

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Bartonella taylorii

Bartonella taylorii is a proteobacterium.

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Bartonella tribocorum

Bartonella tribocorum is a proteobacterium.

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Bartonella vinsonii

Bartonella vinsonii is a gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from dogs Rochalimaea vinsonii was reclassified to Bartonella vinsonii Bartonella vinsonii contains the two subspecies Bartonella vinsonii subsp.

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Bartonella washoensis

Bartonella washoensis is a bacterium from the genus of Bartonella which was first isolated from a dog with mitral valve endocarditis.

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Bartonellosis

Bartonellosis is an infectious disease produced by bacteria of the genus Bartonella.

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Basalt

Basalt is a common extrusive igneous (volcanic) rock formed from the rapid cooling of basaltic lava exposed at or very near the surface of a planet or moon.

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BASys

BASys (Bacterial Annotation System) is a freely available web server that can be used to perform automated, comprehensive annotation of bacterial genomes.

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Bath treatment (fishkeeping)

Bath treatments are disease treatments that originated since the earliest days of goldfish culture.

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Bavariicoccus

Bavariicoccus is a genus of bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes.

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Bdellovibrio

Bdellovibrio is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate aerobic bacteria.

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Bdellovibrionaceae

The Bdellovibrionaceae are a family of Proteobacteria.

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Bdellovibrionales

Bdellovibrionales is an order of Proteobacteria.

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Bean

A bean is a seed of one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae, which are used for human or animal food.

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Beans, Beans, the Musical Fruit

"Beans, Beans, The Magical Fruit" is a playground saying and children's song about the capacity for beans to contribute to flatulence.

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Beauvericin

Beauvericin is a depsipeptide with antibiotic and insecticidal effects belonging to the enniatin family.

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Becton Dickinson

Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD) is an American medical technology company that manufactures and sells medical devices, instrument systems, and reagents.

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Bed bug infestation

Bed bugs can individually and collectively cause a number of health effects including skin rashes, psychological effects and allergic symptoms.

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Bee pollen

Bee pollen is a pollen ball packed by worker honeybees into pellets called bee bread.

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Beef

Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle, particularly skeletal muscle.

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Beekeeping

Beekeeping (or apiculture) is the maintenance of bee colonies, commonly in man-made hives, by humans.

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Beer style

Beer style is a term used to differentiate and categorize beers by factors such as colour, flavour, strength, ingredients, production method, recipe, history, or origin.

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Beet vascular necrosis

Beet vascular necrosis and rot is a soft rot disease caused by the bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp.

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Beggiatoa

Beggiatoa is a genus of bacteria in the order Thiotrichales.

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Behavior-altering parasite

Behavior-altering parasites are parasites with two or more hosts, capable of causing changes in the behavior of one of their hosts to facilitate their transmission, sometimes directly affecting the hosts' decision-making and behavior control mechanisms.

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Beijerinckia

Beijerinckia is a genus of bacteria from the family of Beijerinckiaceae.

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Beijerinckia derxii

Beijerinckia derxii is a nitrogen fixing bacteria from the genus of Beijerinckia.

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Beijerinckia doebereinerae

Beijerinckia doebereinerae is a bacterium from the genus of Beijerinckia.

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Beijerinckia indica

Beijerinckia indica is a nitrogen fixing, aerobic acidophilic bacteria from the genus of Beijerinckia.

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Beijerinckia mobilis

Beijerinckia mobilis is a nitrogen fixing bacteria from the genus of Beijerinckia.

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Beijerinckiaceae

The Beijerinckiaceae are a family of Rhizobiales named after the Dutch microbiologist Martinus Willem Beijerinck.

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Belgian Co-ordinated Collections of Micro-organisms

The Belgian Co-ordinated Collections of Micro-organisms (BCCM) is a Belgian government funded consortium of seven scientific institutions, who manage and exploit a collection of microbial and genetic resources.

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Belize Barrier Reef

The Belize Barrier Reef is a series of coral reefs straddling the coast of Belize, roughly offshore in the north and in the south within the country limits.

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Belliella

Belliella is a Gram-negative, aerobic, chemoheterotrophic and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Cytophagaceae.

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Belliella aquatica

Belliella aquatica is a Gram-negative, strictly heterotrophic, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Belliella which has been isolated from the saline lake Lake Tuosu from the Qaidam Basin in China.

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Belliella baltica

Belliella baltica is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Belliella which has been isolated from water from the Baltic Sea.

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Belliella buryatensis

Belliella buryatensis is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Belliella which has been isolated from alkaline lake water from the Lake Solenoe in Buryatia in Russia.

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Belliella kenyensis

Belliella kenyensis is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Belliella which has been isolated from lake sediments from the alkaline Lake Elmenteita from the Kenyan Rift Valley in Kenya.

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Belliella marina

Belliella marina is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus of Belliella which has been isolated from seawater from the Indian Ocean.

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Belliella pelovolcani

Belliella pelovolcani is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Belliella which has been isolated from a mud-volcano in Wandan in Taiwan.

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Belnapia

Belnapia is a genus of bacteria from the family of Acetobacteraceae.

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Belnapia moabensis

Belnapia moabensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively fermentative and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Belnapia which has been isolated from biological soil crusts in the United States.

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Belnapia rosea

Belnapia rosea is a bacterium from the genus of Belnapia which has been isolated from forest soil on the Hainan Island in China.

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Belnapia soli

Belnapia soli is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Belnapia which has been isolated from soil from Daejeon in Korea.

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Beluga whale

The beluga whale or white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) is an Arctic and sub-Arctic cetacean.

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Beneficial organism

In agriculture and gardening, a beneficial organism is any organism that benefits the growing process, including insects, arachnids, other animals, plants, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes.

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Benthos

Benthos is the community of organisms that live on, in, or near the seabed, also known as the benthic zone.

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Benzene

Benzene is an important organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H6.

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Benzoic acid

Benzoic acid, C7H6O2 (or C6H5COOH), is a colorless crystalline solid and a simple aromatic carboxylic acid.

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Benzoyl peroxide

Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is a medication and industrial chemical.

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Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is the main resource for determining the identity of prokaryotic organisms, emphasizing bacterial species, using every characterizing aspect.

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Bergeyella

Bergeyella is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.

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Bergeyella cardium

Bergeyella cardium is a bacterium from the genus of Bergeyella which can cause in rare cases endocarditis.

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Bergeyella porcorum

Bergeyella porcorum is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Bergeyella which has been isolated from the lungs and tonsils of pigs.

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Bergeyella zoohelcum

Bergeyella zoohelcum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Bergeyella which occurs in the upper respiratory tract of dogs and cats Bergeyella zoohelcum can cause respiratory disease in cats.

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Berkefeld filter

A Berkefeld filter is a water filter made of diatomaceous earth (Kieselguhr).

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Berlin Method

The Berlin Method of biological filtration is a method for maintaining a clean and stable environment within a saltwater aquarium, typically a coral reef system.

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Bernard Babior

Bernard Macy Babior (November 10, 1935 – June 29, 2004) was an American physician and research biochemist.

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Bernhard Proskauer

Bernhard Proskauer (8 January 1851, Ratibor – 24 July 1915, Berlin) was a German chemist and hygienist.

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Beta-glucan

β-Glucans (beta-glucans) comprise a group of β-D-glucose polysaccharides naturally occurring in the cell walls of cereals, bacteria, and fungi, with significantly differing physicochemical properties dependent on source.

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Beta-glucosidase

Beta-glucosidase catalyzes the hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds to terminal non-reducing residues in beta-D-glucosides and oligosaccharides, with release of glucose.

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Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase

In molecular biology, Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase, is an enzyme involved in fatty acid synthesis.

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Beta-ketodecanoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase

Beta-ketodecanoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase is an enzyme with systematic name octanoyl-CoA:malonyl-(acyl-carrier protein) C-heptanoylltransferase (decarboxylating, CoA-forming).

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Beta-lactam

A beta-lactam (β-lactam) ring is a four-membered lactam.

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Beta-lactamase inhibitor protein

Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Proteins (BLIPs) are a family of proteins produced by bacterial species including Streptomyces.

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Bhargavaea

Bhargavaea is a bacteria genus from the family of Planococcaceae.

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Bhargavaea beijingensis

Bhargavaea beijingensis is a Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Bhargavaea which has been isolated from the root of a ginseng plant.

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Bhargavaea cecembensis

Bhargavaea beijingensis is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Bhargavaea which has been isolated from deep-sea sediments from the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge from the Indian Ocean.

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Bhargavaea ginsengi

Bhargavaea ginsengi is a Gram-positive, moderately halotolerant and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Bhargavaea which has been isolated from the roots of a ginseng plant in Beijing in China.

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Bhargavaea ullalensis

Bhargavaea ullalensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Bhargavaea which has been isolated from coastal sand from the coast of Ullal in India.

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Bifidobacteriaceae

The Bifidobacteriaceae are the only family of bacteria, in the order of Bifidobacteriales.

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Bifidobacteriales

Bifidobacteriales is an order of bacteria, in the subclass of Actinobacteridae.

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Bifidobacterium

Bifidobacterium is a genus of gram-positive, nonmotile, often branched anaerobic bacteria.

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Bifidobacterium animalis

Bifidobacterium animalis is a gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium of the Bifidobacterium genus which can be found in the large intestines of most mammals, including humans.

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Bifidobacterium asteroides

Bifidobacterium asteroides is a gram-positive, rod-shaped species of bacteria.

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Bifidobacterium breve

Bifidobacterium breve is a bacterial species of the genus Bifidobacterium which has probiotic properties.

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Bifidobacterium dentium

Bifidobacterium dentium is a species of bacteria in the genus Bifidobacterium, branched anaerobic bacteria from the Bifidobacteriaceae family.

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Bifidobacterium longum

Bifidobacterium longum is a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium present in the human gastrointestinal tract and one of the 32 species that belong to the genus Bifidobacterium.

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Bifidobacterium merycicum

Bifidobacterium merycicum is a bacterium found in bovine rumens.

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Bifidobacterium ruminantium

Bifidobacterium ruminantium is a bacterium found in bovine rumens.

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Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum

Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped species of bacteria.

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Bifidobacterium tsurumiense

Bifidobacterium tsurumiense is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped species of bacteria.

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Biflaviolin synthase

Biflaviolin synthase (CYP158A2, CYP 158A2, cytochrome P450 158A2) is an enzyme with systematic name flaviolin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase.

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Big Butte Creek

Big Butte Creek is a tributary of the Rogue River in the U.S. state of Oregon.

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Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences

Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, founded in 1974, is a private, non-profit center for global oceanography, ocean science education, and technology transfer.

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Binomial nomenclature

Binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system") also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages.

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Bio-MEMS

Bio-MEMS is an abbreviation for biomedical (or biological) microelectromechanical systems.

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Bio-Rad Laboratories

Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.

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Bioadhesive

Bioadhesives are natural polymeric materials that act as adhesives.

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Bioaerosol

Bioaerosols (short for biological aerosols) are a subcategory of particles released from terrestrial and marine ecosystems into the atmosphere.

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Biocontainment

The concept of biocontainment is related to laboratory biosafety and pertains to microbiology laboratories in which the physical containment of highly pathogenic organisms or agents (bacteria, viruses, and toxins) is required, usually by isolation in environmentally and biologically secure cabinets or rooms, to prevent accidental infection of workers or release into the surrounding community during scientific research.

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Biocrystallization

Biocrystallization is the formation of crystals from organic macromolecules by living organisms.

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Biodegradable additives

Biodegradable additives are additives that enhance the biodegradation of polymers by allowing microorganisms to utilize the carbon within the polymer chain itself.

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Biodegradable athletic footwear

Biodegradable athletic footwear is footwear that uses biodegradable materials with the ability to compost at the end-of-life phase.

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Biodegradable plastic

Biodegradable plastics are plastics that are decomposed by the action of living organisms, usually bacteria.

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Biodegradation

Biodegradation is the disintegration of materials by bacteria, fungi, or other biological means.

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Biodiversity

Biodiversity, a portmanteau of biological (life) and diversity, generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth.

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Biodiversity informatics

Biodiversity Informatics is the application of informatics techniques to biodiversity information for improved management, presentation, discovery, exploration and analysis.

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Bioerosion

Bioerosion describes the breakdown of hard ocean substrates – and less often terrestrial substrates – by living organisms.

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Biofilm

A biofilm comprises any group of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface.

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Biofilter

Biofiltration is a pollution control technique using a bioreactor containing living material to capture and biologically degrade pollutants.

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Biofouling

Biofouling or biological fouling is the accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, or animals on wetted surfaces.

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Biofuel in the United States

The United States produces mainly biodiesel and ethanol fuel, which uses corn as the main feedstock.

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Biogenic silica

Biogenic silica (bSi), also referred to as opal, biogenic opal, or amorphous opaline silica, forms one of the most widespread biogenic minerals.

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Biogenic sulfide corrosion

Biogenic sulfide corrosion is a bacterially mediated process of forming hydrogen sulfide gas and the subsequent conversion to sulfuric acid that attacks concrete and steel within wastewater environments.

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Biogeology

Biogeology is the study of the interactions between the Earth's biosphere and the lithosphere.

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Bioherbicide

Bioherbicides consist of phytotoxins, pathogens, and other microbes used as biological weed control.

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BioHome

BioHome was a small facility created by NASA in the late 1980s that could support one person in a fully functional habitat.

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Bioinformatics Resource Centers

The Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRCs) are a group of five Internet-based research centers established in 2004 and funded by NIAID (the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), January 10, 2008.

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Biological agent

A biological agent—also called bio-agent, biological threat agent, biological warfare agent, biological weapon, or bioweapon—is a bacterium, virus, protozoan, parasite, or fungus that can be used purposefully as a weapon in bioterrorism or biological warfare (BW).

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Biological dispersal

Biological dispersal refers to both the movement of individuals (animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, etc.) from their birth site to their breeding site ('natal dispersal'), as well as the movement from one breeding site to another ('breeding dispersal').

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Biological immortality

Biological immortality (sometimes referred to bio-indefinite mortality) is a state in which the rate of mortality from senescence is stable or decreasing, thus decoupling it from chronological age.

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Biological life cycle

In biology, a biological life cycle (or just life cycle when the biological context is clear) is a series of changes in form that an organism undergoes, returning to the starting state.

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Biological network inference

Biological network inference is the process of making inferences and predictions about biological networks.

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Biological oxidizer

A biological oxidizer is a device that uses micro-organisms to treat wastewater and the volatile organic compounds produced by commercial and industrial operations.

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Biological pest control

Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests such as insects, mites, weeds and plant diseases using other organisms.

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Biological Research Centre (Hungarian Academy of Sciences)

The Biological Research Centre (BRC) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA Szegedi Biológiai Központ) is located in Szeged, Hungary.

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Biological resistance

Materials and surfaces can give off substances which serve as a food source for microorganisms such as bacteria, algae or fungi.

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Biological warfare

Biological warfare (BW)—also known as germ warfare—is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi with the intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war.

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Biologist

A biologist, is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of biology, the scientific study of life.

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Biology

Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical composition, function, development and evolution.

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Bioluminescent bacteria

Bioluminescent bacteria are light-producing bacteria that are predominantly present in sea water, marine sediments, the surface of decomposing fish and in the gut of marine animals.

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Biomachining

Biomachining is the machining process of using lithotropic bacteria to remove material from metal parts, contrasted with chemical machining methods such as chemical milling and physical machining methods such as milling.

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Biomass

Biomass is an industry term for getting energy by burning wood, and other organic matter.

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Biomedical scientist

A biomedical scientist is a scientist trained in biology, particularly in the context of medicine.

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Biopharmaceutical

A biopharmaceutical, also known as a biologic(al) medical product, biological, or biologic, is any pharmaceutical drug product manufactured in, extracted from, or semisynthesized from biological sources.

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Biophilia (album)

Biophilia is the seventh studio album by Icelandic singer Björk.

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Biopitting

Biopitting is a geologic phenomenon that occurs when small pits are created in rock as a result of the bioerosion induced by different organisms and/or microorganisms (for example, fungi, bacteria, algae, lichens).

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Bioplastic

Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, or microbiota.

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Bioprecipitation

Bioprecipitation is the concept of rain-making bacteria and was proposed by David Sands from Montana State University before 1983.

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Bioprocess

A bioprocess is a specific process that uses complete living cells or their components (e.g., bacteria, enzymes, chloroplasts) to obtain desired products.

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Bioreactor

A bioreactor may refer to any manufactured or engineered device or system that supports a biologically active environment.

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Bioremediation of radioactive waste

Bioremediation of radioactive waste or bioremediation of radionuclides is an application of bioremediation based on the use of biological agents bacteria, plants and fungi (natural or genetically modified) to catalyze chemical reactions that allow the decontamination of sites affected by radionuclides.

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Bioreporter

Bioreporters are intact, living microbial cells that have been genetically engineered to produce a measurable signal in response to a specific chemical or physical agent in their environment.

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Bioretrosynthesis

Bioretrosynthesis is a technique for synthesizing organic chemicals from inexpensive precursors and evolved enzymes.

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Biosafety cabinet

A biosafety cabinet (BSC)—also called a biological safety cabinet or microbiological safety cabinet—is an enclosed, ventilated laboratory workspace for safely working with materials contaminated with (or potentially contaminated with) pathogens requiring a defined biosafety level.

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Biosalinity

Biosalinity is the study and practice of using saline (salty) water for irrigating agricultural crops.

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Biosatellite 2

Biosatellite 2, also known as abbreviated as Biosat 2 and as Biosatellite B, was a second artificial satellite unmanned U.S. belonging to Biosatellite program for biological research.

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Biosensor

A biosensor is an analytical device, used for the detection of an analyte, that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector.

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Biosignature

A biosignature (sometimes called chemical fossil or molecular fossil) is any substance – such as an element, isotope, molecule, or phenomenon – that provides scientific evidence of past or present life.

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Biostimulation

Biostimulation involves the modification of the environment to stimulate existing bacteria capable of bioremediation.

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Biosynthesis of doxorubicin

Doxorubicin (DXR) is a 14-hydroxylated version of daunorubicin, the immediate precursor of DXR in its biosynthetic pathway.

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Biotechnology

Biotechnology is the broad area of science involving living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2).

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Bioterrorism

Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents.

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Biotextile

Biotextiles are structures composed of textile fibers designed for use in specific biological environments where their performance depends on biocompatibility and biostability with cells and biological fluids.

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Biotic stress

Biotic stress is stress that occurs as a result of damage done to an organism by other living organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, beneficial and harmful insects, weeds, and cultivated or native plants.

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Biotin deficiency

Biotin deficiency is a rare nutritional disorder which can become serious, even fatal, if allowed to progress untreated.

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Biphenyl

Biphenyl (or diphenyl or phenylbenzene or 1,1′-biphenyl or lemonene) is an organic compound that forms colorless crystals.

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Birch leafminer

Birch leafminers are sawflies, which are closely related to bees and wasps.

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Bird

Birds, also known as Aves, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.

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Birth defect

A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause.

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Birth–death process

The birth–death process is a special case of continuous-time Markov process where the state transitions are of only two types: "births", which increase the state variable by one and "deaths", which decrease the state by one.

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Bizionia

Bizionia is a strictly aerobic genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae which produce carotenoids.

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Bizionia algoritergicola

Bizionia algoritergicola is a bacterium from the genus of Bizionia which has been isolated from a copepod salin pond.

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Black band disease

Black band disease is a coral disease in which corals develop a black band.

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Black Creek (Nescopeck Creek tributary)

Black Creek is a long source tributary of Nescopeck Creek so part of the Susquehanna River drainage basin.

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Black Death

The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351.

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Black Death in England

The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic, which reached England in June 1348.

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Black guineafowl

The black guineafowl, (Agelastes niger), is a member of the guineafowl bird family.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a body of water and marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Western Asia.

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Black seadevil

Black seadevils are small, deepsea lophiiform fishes of the family Melanocetidae.

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Black wolf

A black wolf is a melanistic colour variant of the gray wolf (Canis lupus).

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Blackleg (disease)

Blackleg, black quarter, quarter evil, or quarter ill (gangraena emphysematosa) is an infectious bacterial disease most commonly caused by Clostridium chauvoei, a Gram-positive bacterial species.

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Blackleg (potatoes)

Blackleg is a plant disease of potato caused by pectolytic bacteria that can result in stunting, wilting, chlorosis of leaves, necrosis of several tissues, a decline in yield, and at times the death of the potato plant.

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Blacklight

A blacklight (or often black light), also referred to as a UV-A light, Wood's lamp, or simply ultraviolet light, is a lamp that emits long-wave (UV-A) ultraviolet light and not much visible light.

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Blacktip reef shark

The blacktip reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus) is a species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae, easily identified by the prominent black tips on its fins (especially on the first dorsal fin and its caudal fin).

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Bladder stone (animal)

Bladder stones or uroliths are a common occurrence in animals, especially in domestic animals such as dogs and cats.

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BLAST

In bioinformatics, BLAST for Basic Local Alignment Search Tool is an algorithm for comparing primary biological sequence information, such as the amino-acid sequences of proteins or the nucleotides of DNA sequences.

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Blast chilling

Blast chilling is a method of cooling food quickly to a low temperature that is relatively safe from bacterial growth.

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Blastobacter

Blastobacter is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bradyrhizobiaceae.

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Blastobacter henricii

Blastobacter henricii is a bacterium from the genus of Blastobacter.

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Blastochloris

Blastochloris is a genus of bacteria from the family of Hyphomicrobiaceae.

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Blastochloris gulmargensis

Blastochloris gulmargensis is a gram-negative, motile bacteria from the genus of Blastochloris which was isolated from biofilm in a cold sulfur spring in Gulmarg in India.

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Blastochloris sulfoviridis

Blastochloris sulfoviridis is a bacterium from the genus of Blastochloris which uses sulfur compounds as a source of energy.

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Blastochloris viridis

Blastochloris viridis is a bacterium from the genus of Blastochloris which was isolated from water of the Clarke reservation lake in New York in the United States.

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Blastomonas

Blastomonas is a Gram-negative, photoheterotrophic, strictly aerobic and non-spore-forming bacteria genus from the family of Sphingomonadaceae.

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Blastomonas aquatica

Blastomonas aquatica is a Gram-negative, bacteriochlorophyll-containing and aerobic bacteria from the genus of Blastomonas which has been isolated from the Lake Peng Co and the Lake Namtso from the Tibetan Plateau in China.

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Blattabacterium

Blattabacterium is a genus of obligate mutualistic endosymbiont bacteria that are believed to inhabit all species of cockroach studied to date, with the exception of the genus Nocticola.

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Blautia obeum

Blautia obeum is a species of gram-positive bacteria found in the gut.

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Bleach

Bleach is the generic name for any chemical product which is used industrially and domestically to whiten clothes, lighten hair color and remove stains.

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Bleomycin

Bleomycin is a medication used to treat cancer. This includes Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, and cervical cancer among others. Typically used with other cancer medications, it can be given intravenously, by injection into a muscle or under the skin. It may also be administered inside the chest to help prevent the recurrence of a fluid around the lung due to cancer; however talc is better for this. Common side effects include fever, weight loss, vomiting, and rash. A severe type of anaphylaxis may occur. It may also cause inflammation of the lungs that can result in lung scarring. Chest X-rays every couple of weeks are recommended to check for this. Bleomycin may cause harm to the baby if used during pregnancy. It is believed to primarily work by preventing the making of DNA. Bleomycin was discovered in 1962. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. It is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 14 USD and 78 USD a dose. It is made by the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus.

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Blepharisma

Blepharisma is a genus of unicellular ciliate protists found in fresh and salt water.

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Blight

Blight refers to a specific sign affecting plants in response to infection by a pathogenic organism.

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Bloating

Abdominal bloating is a symptom that can appear at any age, generally associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders or organic diseases, but can also appear alone.

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Blochmannia

Blochmannia is a genus of symbiotic bacteria found in carpenter ant.

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Blood bank

A blood bank is a center where blood gathered as a result of blood donation is stored and preserved for later use in blood transfusion.

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Blood Falls

Blood Falls is an outflow of an iron oxide-tainted plume of saltwater, flowing from the tongue of Taylor Glacier onto the ice-covered surface of West Lake Bonney in the Taylor Valley of the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Victoria Land, East Antarctica.

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Blood transfusion

Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood or blood products into one's circulation intravenously.

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Blood type

A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence and absence of antibodies and also based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs).

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Blood–brain barrier

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable membrane barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid in the central nervous system (CNS).

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Blue cod

The blue cod (Parapercis colias) is a temperate marine fish of the family Pinguipedidae.

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Blue Earth River

The Blue Earth River is a tributary of the Minnesota River, 108 miles (174 km) long, in southern Minnesota in the United States.

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Blue hole

A blue hole is a large marine cavern or sinkhole, which is open to the surface and has developed in a bank or island composed of a carbonate bedrock (limestone or coral reef).

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Blue Rapids, Kansas

Blue Rapids is a city in Marshall County, Kansas, United States.

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Blue-green

Blue-green/bottle green is a color that is a representation of the color that is between green and blue on a typical traditional old-fashioned RYB color wheel.

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Blue-ringed octopus

Blue-ringed octopuses, comprising the genus Hapalochlaena, are four highly venomous species of octopus that are found in tide pools and coral reefs in the Pacific and Indian oceans, from Japan to Australia.

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Blue–white screen

The blue–white screen is a screening technique that allows for the rapid and convenient detection of recombinant bacteria in vector-based molecular cloning experiments.

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BLUF domain

In molecular biology, the BLUF domain (sensors of blue-light using FAD) is a FAD-binding protein domain.

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Bobtail squid

Bobtail squid (order Sepiolida) are a group of cephalopods closely related to cuttlefish.

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Body grooming

Body grooming is the act of hair removal, shaving, styling or trimming hair of the male body.

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Body odor

Body odor (American English) or body odour (British English; see spelling differences) is present in animals and humans, and its intensity can be influenced by many factors (behavioral patterns, survival strategies).

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Body piercing

Body piercing, a form of body modification, is the practice of puncturing or cutting a part of the human body, creating an opening in which jewelry may be worn.

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Body piercing materials

In modern Western body piercing, a wide variety of materials are used.

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Body size and species richness

The body size-species richness distribution is a pattern observed in the way taxa are distributed over large spatial scales.

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Bogoriellaceae

Bogoriellaceae is an Actinomycete family.

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Boil

A boil, also called a furuncle, is a deep folliculitis, infection of the hair follicle.

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Boiled egg

Boiled eggs are eggs (typically chicken eggs) cooked with their shells unbroken, usually by immersion in boiling water.

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Bone marrow suppression

Bone marrow suppression also known as myelotoxicity or myelosuppression, is the decrease in production of cells responsible for providing immunity (leukocytes), carrying oxygen (erythrocytes), and/or those responsible for normal blood clotting (thrombocytes).

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Bongkrek acid

Bongkrek acid (also known as bongkrekic acid) is a respiratory toxin more deadly than other mitochondrial poisons such as cyanide or 2,4-dinitrophenol.

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Bonnie Bassler

Bonnie Lynn Bassler, Ph.D (born 1962) is an American molecular biologist known for her work in quorum sensing in bacteria.

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Boolarra virus

The Boolarra virus (BoV) is a member of the Nodaviridae family.

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Bordetella

Bordetella is a genus of small (0.2 – 0.7 µm), Gram-negative coccobacilli of the phylum Proteobacteria.

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Bordetella ansorpii

Bordetella ansorpii is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative bacterium from the genus Bordetella which has been isolated from the purulent exudate of an epidermal cyst of an immunocompromised patient.

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Bordetella avium

Bordetella avium is a Gram-negative, nonfermentative, strictly aerobic, motile bacterium from the genus Bordetella which has been isolated from patients with respiratory disease (cystic fibrosis).

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Bordetella bronchiseptica

Bordetella bronchiseptica is a small, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Bordetella.

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Bordetella hinzii

Bordetella hinzii is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, short rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Bordetella isolated from a patient who suffered from cystic fibrosis and from the trachea and lungs of a laboratory mouse.

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Bordetella holmesii

Bordetella holmesii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Bordetella.

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Bordetella pertussis

Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, pathogenic, encapsulated coccobacillus of the genus Bordetella, and the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough.

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Bordetella petrii

Bordetella petrii is a bacterium of the genus Bordetella isolated from different habitats, including humans.

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Bordetella trematum

Bordetella trematum is a species of Gram-negative bacteria identified in 1996 by comparison of 10 strains of B. trematum against other well characterized Bordetella and Alcaligenes species.

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Boring Billion

The Boring Billion is a term coined by palaeontologist Martin Brasier to refer to the approximately one billion-year period between 1.8 and 0.8 Ga in Earth's history that is characterized by environmental, evolutionary, and lithospheric stability.

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Boris Magasanik

Boris Magasanik (December 19, 1919December 25, 2013) was a microbiologist and biochemist who was the Jacques Monod Professor Emeritus of Microbiology in the Department of Biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

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Borra Caves

The Borra Caves, also called Borra Guhalu (Borra means hole in Odia language and guhalu means caves in Telugu language), are located on the East Coast of India, in the Ananthagiri hills of the Araku Valley (with hill ranges' elevation varying from) of the Visakhapatnam district in Andhra Pradesh.

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Borrelia

Borrelia is a genus of bacteria of the spirochete phylum.

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Borrelia afzelii

Borrelia afzelii is a species of Borrelia a bacterium that can infect various species of vertebrates and invertebrates.

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Borrelia andersonii

Borrelia andersonii is a spirochete bacterium.

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Borrelia anserina

Borrelia anserina is a helical spirochete bacterium with dimensions around 8-20/0,2-0,3 µm and with five to eight spirals.

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Borrelia bissettii

Borrelia bissettii is a spirochete bacterium.

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Borrelia burgdorferi

Borrelia burgdorferi is a bacterial species of the spirochete class of the genus Borrelia.

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Borrelia carolinensis

Borrelia carolinensis is a spirochete bacterium associated with Lyme disease.

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Borrelia coriaceae

Borrelia coriaceae is a species of spirochete bacteria and member of the genus Borrelia.

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Borrelia duttoni

Borrelia duttoni is a species of Borrelia.

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Borrelia garinii

Borrelia garinii is a spirochete bacterium in the Borrelia genus.

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Borrelia japonica

Borrelia japonica is a spirochete bacterium first isolated from Japanese mammals.

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Borrelia kurtenbachii

Borrelia kurtenbachii is a spirochete bacterium; it can be pathogenic, being involved in cases of Lyme borreliosis.

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Borrelia lusitaniae

Borrelia lusitaniae is a bacterium of the spirochete class of the genus Borrelia, which has a diderm (double-membrane) envelope.

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Borrelia miyamotoi

Borrelia miyamotoi is a spirochete bacterium in the genus Borrelia.

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Borrelia parkeri

Borrelia parkeri, a species of Borrelia, has been associated with relapsing fever.

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Borrelia recurrentis

Borrelia recurrentis is a species of Borrelia, a spirochaete bacterium associated with relapsing fever.

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Borrelia sinica

Borrelia sinica is a spirochete bacterium.

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Borrelia spielmanii

Borrelia spielmanii is a spirochete bacterium; it routinely infects Ixodes ricinus, and subsequently humans, causing Lyme disease.

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Borrelia tanukii

Borrelia tanukii is a spirochete bacterium first isolated from specimens of Ixodes tanuki, hence its name.

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Borrelia turdi

Borrelia turdi, formerly known as Borrelia turdae, is a spirochete bacterium first isolated from specimens of Ixodes tanuki.

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Borrelia turicatae

Borrelia turicatae is a bacterial species of the spirochaete class of the genus Borrelia.

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Borrelia valaisiana

Borrelia valaisiana is a spirochaete bacterium; strain VS116 is the type strain.

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Borscht

Borscht is a sour soup popular in several Eastern European cuisines, including Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, Lithuanian, Belarusian, Romanian, Ashkenazi Jewish and Armenian cuisines.

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Borzia (cyanobacteria)

Borzia is a genus of cyanobacteria.

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Bosea (bacteria)

Bosea is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bradyrhizobiaceae.

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Bosea eneae

Bosea eneae is a bacterium from the genus of Bosea which was isolated from the water supply from the La Timone Hospital Centre in Marseilles in France.

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Bosea lathyri

Bosea lathyri is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Bosea.

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Bosea lupini

Bosea lupini is a bacterium from the genus of Bosea.

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Bosea massiliensis

Bosea massiliensis is a bacterium from the genus of Bosea which was isolated in Marseille in France.

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Bosea minatitlanensis

Bosea minatitlanensis is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, strictly aerobic non-spore-forming motile bacteria from the genus of Bosea which was isolated from industrial waste water in Mexico.

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Bosea robiniae

Bosea robiniae is a bacterium from the genus of Bosea.

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Bosea thiooxidans

Bosea thiooxidans is a gram-negative species of bacteria that oxidises thiosulfate, the type species of its genus.

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Bosea vestrisii

Bosea vestrisii is a bacterium from the genus of Bosea which was isolated from hospital water.

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Botfly

Botflies, also known as warble flies, heel flies and gadflies, are a family of flies technically known as Oestridae.

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Botryomycosis

Botryomycosis; also known as bacterial pseudomycosis is a rare chronic granulomatous bacterial infection that affects the skin, and sometimes the viscera.

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Botulinum toxin

Botulinum toxin (BTX) or Botox is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species.

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Bourbon whiskey

Bourbon whiskey is a type of American whiskey, a barrel-aged distilled spirit made primarily from corn.

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Bovidae

The Bovidae are the biological family of cloven-hoofed, ruminant mammals that includes bison, African buffalo, water buffalo, antelopes, wildebeest, impala, gazelles, sheep, goats, muskoxen, and domestic cattle.

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Bowmanella

Bowmanella is a bacteria genus from the family of Alteromonadaceae.

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Bowmanella denitrificans

Bowmanella denitrificans is a Gram-negative, heterotrophic and denitrifying bacterium from the genus of Bowmanella which has been isolated from shallow coastal water from the An-Ping Harbour in Tainan in Taiwan.

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Bowmanella dokdonensis

Bowmanella dokdonensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, exoelectrogenic and motile bacterium from the genus of Bowmanella which has been isolated from seawater from the Liancourt Rocks.

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Bowmanella pacifica

Bowmanella pacifica is a bacterium from the genus of Bowmanella which has been isolated from sediments from the Pacific Ocean.

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Brachymonas

Brachymonas is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic bacteria.

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Brachymonas chironomi

Brachymonas chironomi is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, aerobic, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, chemo-organotrophic bacterium from the genus Brachymonas and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from a chironomid egg mass in Israel.

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Brachymonas denitrificans

Brachymonas denitrificans is a nonmotile, Gram-negative, aerobic, chemo-organotrophic bacterium from the genus Brachymonas and family Comamonadaceae.

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Brachymonas petroleovorans

Brachymonas petroleovorans is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium from the genus Brachymonas and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from a wastewater plant of a petroleum refinery.

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Brachyspira

Brachyspira is a genus of bacteria classified within the phylum Spirochaetes.

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Brachyspira aalborgi

Brachyspira aalborgi is a species of bacteria, one of the causative agents of intestinal spirochetosis.

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Brachyspira pilosicoli

Brachyspira pilosicoli is a Gram-negative, spiral-shaped, obligate anaerobe bacterium.

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Brackiella

Brackiella is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria from the family of Alcaligenaceae with one known species (Brackiella oedipodis).

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Brackiella oedipodis

Brackiella oedipodis is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, nonmotile, chemoorganotrophic bacterium of the genus Brackiella isolated from the heart of a cotton-topped tamarin Saguinus oedipus.

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Bradyrhizobiaceae

The Bradyrhizobiaceae are a family of bacteria, with 10 genera.

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Bradyrhizobium

Bradyrhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria, many of which fix nitrogen.

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Bradyrhizobium arachidis

Bradyrhizobium arachidis is a species of legume-root nodulating, microsymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium.

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Bradyrhizobium betae

Bradyrhizobium betae is a species of legume-root nodulating, microsymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium first isolated from the roots of Beta vulgaris, hence its name.

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Bradyrhizobium canariense

Bradyrhizobium canariense is a species of legume-root nodulating, endosymbiont nitrogen-fixing bacterium.

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Bradyrhizobium cytisi

Bradyrhizobium cytisi is a bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium.

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Bradyrhizobium daqingense

Bradyrhizobium daqingense is a bacterium from the genus Bradyrhizobium.

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Bradyrhizobium denitrificans

Bradyrhizobium denitrificans is a bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium which was isolated from surface lake water in Germany.

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Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens

Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens is a species of bacteria from the genus of Bradyrhizobium.

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Bradyrhizobium elkanii

Bradyrhizobium elkanii is a species of legume-root nodulating, microsymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium originally identified as DNA homology group II strains of B. japonicum.

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Bradyrhizobium erythrophlei

Bradyrhizobium erythrophlei is a bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium which has been isolated from the nodules of the tree Erythrophleum fordii.

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Bradyrhizobium ferriligni

Bradyrhizobium ferriligni is a bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium which has been isolated from the nodules of the tree Erythrophleum fordii.

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Bradyrhizobium ganzhouense

Bradyrhizobium ganzhouense is a bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium which was isolated from Acacia melanoxylon.

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Bradyrhizobium huanghuaihaiense

Bradyrhizobium huanghuaihaiense is a bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium.

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Bradyrhizobium icense

Bradyrhizobium icense is a bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium.

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Bradyrhizobium ingae

Bradyrhizobium ingae is a bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium which has been isolated from the nodules of the tree Inga laurina in Cerrado in Brazil.

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Bradyrhizobium iriomotense

Bradyrhizobium iriomotense is a species of legume-root nodulating, endosymbiont nitrogen-fixing bacterium, first isolated from Entada koshunensis.

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Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a species of legume-root nodulating, microsymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

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Bradyrhizobium jicamae

Bradyrhizobium jicamae is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacteria from the genus of Bradyrhizobiaceae.

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Bradyrhizobium lablabi

Bradyrhizobium lablabi is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Bradyrhizobium.

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Bradyrhizobium liaoningense

Bradyrhizobium liaoningense is a species of legume-root nodulating, microsymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium.

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Bradyrhizobium lupini

Bradyrhizobium lupini is a bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium.

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Bradyrhizobium manausense

Bradyrhizobium manausense is a bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium which has been isolated from the nodules from the plant Vigna unguiculata from the Amazon rainforest.

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Bradyrhizobium neotropicale

Bradyrhizobium neotropicale is a bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium which has been isolated from the nodules of the tree Centrolobium paraense from the Amazon rainforest in Brazil.

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Bradyrhizobium oligotrophicum

Bradyrhizobium oligotrophicum is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the genus of Bradyrhizobium which was isolated from rice paddy soil in Miyagi Prefecture in Japan.

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Bradyrhizobium ottawaense

Bradyrhizobium ottawaense is a nitrogen fixing bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium which has been isolated from the nodules of soybeans in Ottawa in Canada.

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Bradyrhizobium pachyrhizi

Bradyrhizobium pachyrhizi is a bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium which was isolated from nodules of Pachyrhizus erosus in Guanacaste in Costa Rica.

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Bradyrhizobium paxllaeri

Bradyrhizobium paxllaeri is a bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium.

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Bradyrhizobium retamae

Bradyrhizobium retamae is a bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium.

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Bradyrhizobium rifense

Bradyrhizobium rifense is a bacterium that was isolated from nodules of Cytisus villosus from the Moroccan Rif.

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Bradyrhizobium stylosanthis

Bradyrhizobium stylosanthis is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium which has been isolated from the nodules of the plant Stylosanthes guianensis.

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Bradyrhizobium valentinum

Bradyrhizobium valentinum is a bacterium from the genus of Bradyrhizobium which has been isolated frim the nodules of the plant Lupinus mariae-josephae in Spain.

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Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense

Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense is a species of legume-root nodulating, endosymbiont nitrogen-fixing bacterium, associated with Lespedeza and Vigna species.

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Branchinecta gaini

Branchinecta gaini is a species of fairy shrimp from Antarctica and Patagonia.

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Branchinecta lynchi

The vernal pool fairy shrimp, Branchinecta lynchi, is a species of freshwater crustacean in the family Branchinectidae.

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Branching order of bacterial phyla (Ciccarelli et al., 2006)

There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, one of these was proposed in 2006 by Ciccarelli et al. for their iTOL project.

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Branching order of bacterial phyla (Woese, 1987)

There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, one of these was proposed in 1987 paper by Carl Woese.

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Branhamella

The only species of Branhamella (Branhamella catarrhalis) is reclassified to Moraxella catarrhalis.

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Brass instrument

A brass instrument is a musical instrument that produces sound by sympathetic vibration of air in a tubular resonator in sympathy with the vibration of the player's lips.

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Braxy

Braxy is an disease which causes sudden death in sheep.

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Brazilian traditional medicine

Traditional Brazilian medicine (Portuguese: Medicina indígena) includes many native South American elements, and imported African ones.

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BRCA2

BRCA2 and BRCA2 are a human gene and its protein product, respectively.

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Breeds There a Man...?

"Breeds There a Man...?" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov.

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Bremer River (Queensland)

The Bremer River is a river that is a tributary of the Brisbane River, located in the Scenic Rim and Brisbane regions of South East Queensland, Australia.

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Brenneria

Brenneria is a genus of Enterobacteria, containing mostly pathogens of woody plants.

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Brenneria salicis

Brenneria salicis is a Gram-negative bacterium that is pathogenic on plants.

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Brevibacillus

Brevibacillus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Paenibacillaceae.

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Brevibacillus borstelensis

Brevibacillus borstelensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium of the genus Brevibacillus.

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Brevibacillus brevis

Brevibacillus brevis is a Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming bacillus commonly found in soil, air, water, and decaying matter.

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Brevibacterium

Brevibacterium is a genus of bacteria of the order Actinomycetales.

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Brevibacterium iodinum

Brevibacterium iodinum is a Gram-positive soil bacterium.

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Brevibacterium linens

Brevibacterium linens is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Brevinema andersonii

Brevinema andersonii (Brev. i. ne' ma. L. adj. brevis, short; Gr. n. nema, thread; N.L. neut. n. Brevinema, a short thread.) (an.derso'ni.i. N.L. gen. n. andersonii, of Anderson), named for John F. Anderson, who first described the organism.

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Brevundimonas

The Brevundimonas are a genus of proteobacteria.

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BRI1-associated receptor kinase 1

BRI1-associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1- also known as somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 3 or SERK3) is an important plant protein that has diverse functions in plant development.

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Brine pool

A brine pool is a large area of brine on the ocean basin.

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Brine rejection

Brine rejection is a process that occurs when salty water freezes.

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Brining

In food processing, brining is treating food with brine or coarse salt which preserves and seasons the food while enhancing tenderness and flavor with additions such as herbs, spices, sugar, caramel and/or vinegar.

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Brisbane River

The Brisbane River (indigenous name Maiwar) is the longest river in South East Queensland, Australia, and flows through the city of Brisbane, before emptying into Moreton Bay.

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British Agricultural Revolution

The British Agricultural Revolution, or Second Agricultural Revolution, was the unprecedented increase in agricultural production in Britain due to increases in labour and land productivity between the mid-17th and late 19th centuries.

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Broad-spectrum antibiotic

The term broad-spectrum antibiotic can refer to an antibiotic that acts on the two major bacterial groups, gram-positive and gram-negative, or any antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria.

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Brocadia anammoxidans

"Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans" is a bacterial member of the order Planctomycetes and therefore lacks peptidoglycan in its cell wall, and has a compartmentalized cytoplasm.

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Brocadia fulgida

Candidatus Brocadia fulgida is a bacterial species that performs the anammox process.

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Brocchinia reducta

Brocchinia reducta is one of few carnivorous bromeliads.

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Brodimoprim

Brodimoprim is a structural derivative of trimethoprim.

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Bromine

Bromine is a chemical element with symbol Br and atomic number 35.

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Bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis is a disease in which there is permanent enlargement of parts of the airways of the lung.

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Bronopol

Bronopol (INN) is an organic compound that is used as an antimicrobial.

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Broth microdilution

Broth microdilution is a method used to test the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics.

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Brucella

Brucella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, named after David Bruce (1855–1931).

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Brucella abortus

Brucella abortus is a Gram-negative proteobacterium in the family Brucellaceae and is one of the causative agents of brucellosis.

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Brucella canis

Brucella canis is a Gram-negative proteobacterium in the family Brucellaceae that causes brucellosis in dogs and other canids.

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Brucella ceti

Brucella ceti is a Gram-negative species of bacteria.

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Brucella inopinata

Brucella inopinata is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, nonspore-forming coccoid bacterium, first isolated from a breast implant infection site.

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Brucella melitensis

Brucella melitensis is a Gram-negative coccobacillus bacterium from the Brucellaceae family.

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Brucella microti

Brucella microti is a species of bacteria first isolated from the common vole, Microtus arvalis.

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Brucella ovis

Brucella ovis is a Gram-negative coccobacillus from the Brucellaceae family.

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Brucella pinnipedialis

Brucella pinnipedialis is a species of bacteria.

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Brucellaceae

The Brucellaceae are a family of the Gram-negative Rhizobiales.

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Brumimicrobium

Brumimicrobium is a Gram-negative and chemoheterotrophic bacterial genus from the family of Crocinitomicaceae.

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Brumimicrobium glaciale

Brumimicrobium glaciale is a bacterium.

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Bruton Dovecote

The Bruton Dovecote is a limestone tower that was built between the 15th and 17th century in Bruton in the English county of Somerset.

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Bryocella

Bryocella (Bry.o.cell’a. Gr. neut. n.; "bryon" - peat L. fem. n.; "cella" - cell N.L. fem. n.; "Bryocella" - peat-associated cell) is a genus of Gram-negative, non-spore forming, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria from the family Acidobactericeae within subdivision 1 of the phylum Acidobacteria.

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Bryocella elongata

Bryocella elongata is a bacterium, a type species of genus Bryocella.

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Bt brinjal

The Bt brinjal is a suite of transgenic brinjals (also known as an eggplant or aubergine) created by inserting a crystal protein gene (Cry1Ac) from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis into the genome of various brinjal cultivars.

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Buchnera (bacterium)

Buchnera aphidicola, a member of the Proteobacteria, is the primary endosymbiont of aphids, and has been studied in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum.

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Budapest Treaty

The Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure, or Budapest Treaty, is an international treaty signed in Budapest, Hungary, on April 28, 1977.

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Buffalo Creek (West Branch Susquehanna River tributary)

Buffalo Creek is a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Union County, Pennsylvania, in the United States.

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Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar

Buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar is a selective growth medium used to culture or grow certain bacteria, particularly the Gram-negative species Legionella pneumophila.

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Bug zapper

A bug zapper, more formally called an electrical discharge insect control system, electric insect killer or (insect) electrocutor trap, is a device that attracts and kills flying insects that are attracted by light.

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Building insulation

Building insulation is any object in a building used as insulation for any purpose.

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Bullacta exarata

Bullacta exarata, common name the Korean mud snail, is a species of a sea snail or bubble snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Haminoeidae, the bubble snails.

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Bulleidia

Bulleidia is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, anaerobic and non-motile genus from the family of Erysipelotrichidae, with one known species (Bulleidia extructa).

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Bulleidia extructa

Bulleidia extructa is a Gram-positive, anaerobic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Bulleidia.

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Bumblefoot (infection)

Bumblefoot (ulcerative pododermatitis) is a bacterial infection and inflammatory reaction on the feet of birds, rodents, and rabbits.

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Burial

Burial or interment is the ritual act of placing a dead person or animal, sometimes with objects, into the ground.

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Burkholderia

Burkholderia is a genus of Proteobacteria whose pathogenic members include the Burkholderia cepacia complex which attacks humans and Burkholderia mallei, responsible for glanders, a disease that occurs mostly in horses and related animals; Burkholderia pseudomallei, causative agent of melioidosis; and Burkholderia cepacia, an important pathogen of pulmonary infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF).

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Burkholderia ambifaria

Burkholderia ambifaria is a species of Proteobacteria.

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Burkholderia anthina

Burkholderia anthina is a bacterial species of the genus Burkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Burkholderia arboris

Burkholderia arboris is a Gram-negative, aerobic, nonspore-forming bacterium of the genus Burkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Burkholderia brasilensis

Burkholderia brasilensis is a species of proteobacteria.

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Burkholderia cenocepacia

Burkholderia cenocepacia, also known as Helycobacter, is a species of Gram-negative bacteria that is common in the environment, can form a biofilm with itself, is resistant to many antibiotics and may cause disease in plants.

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Burkholderia cepacia complex

Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC), or simply Burkholderia cepacia, is a group of catalase-producing, lactose-nonfermenting, Gram-negative bacteria composed of at least 20 different species, including B. cepacia, B. multivorans, B. cenocepacia, B. vietnamiensis, B. stabilis, B. ambifaria, B. dolosa, B. anthina, B. pyrrocinia and B. ubonensis.

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Burkholderia contaminans

Burkholderia contaminans is a gram-negative, bacterium from the genus of Burkholderia and the family of Burkholderiaceae and belongs to the ''Burkholderia cepacia'' complex, which was isolated from cystic fibrosis patients in Argentina.

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Burkholderia diffusa

Burkholderia diffusa is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Burkholderia and the family of Burkholderiaceae which belongs to the ''Burkholderia cepacia'' complex.

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Burkholderia dolosa

Burkholderia dolosa is a species of proteobacteria.

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Burkholderia gladioli

Burkholderia gladioli is a species of aerobic gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that causes disease in both humans and plants.

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Burkholderia glumae

Burkholderia glumae is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.

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Burkholderia lata

Burkholderia lata is a bacterium from the genus of Burkholderia and the family of Burkholderiaceae which belongs to the ''Burkholderia cepacia'' complex.

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Burkholderia latens

Burkholderia latens is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Burkholderia and the family of Burkholderiaceae which belongs to the ''Burkholderia cepacia'' complex.

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Burkholderia mallei

Burkholderia mallei is a Gram-negative, bipolar, aerobic bacterium, a human and animal pathogen of genus Burkholderia causing glanders; the Latin name of this disease (malleus) gave its name to the species causing it.

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Burkholderia metallica

Burkholderia metallica is a bacterium from the genus of Burkholderia and the family of Burkholderiaceae which belongs to the Burkholderia cepacia complex.

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Burkholderia multivorans

Burkholderia multivorans is a species in Phylum proteobacteria.

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Burkholderia oklahomensis

Burkholderia oklahomensis is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive aerobic, motile bacterium from the genus of Burkholderia and the family of Burkholderiaceae which was isolated 1973 from a wound infection caused by an farming accident in Oklahoma in the United States.

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Burkholderia phage phi52237

Burkholderia phage phi52237 is a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) of the family Myoviridae, genus P2-like viruses.

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Burkholderia phage phiE12-2

Burkholderia phage phiE12-2 is a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) of the family Myoviridae, genus P2-like viruses.

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Burkholderia phage phiE202

Burkholderia phage phiE202 is a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) of the family Myoviridae, genus P2likevirus.

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Burkholderia plantarii

Burkholderia plantarii is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.

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Burkholderia pseudomallei

Burkholderia pseudomallei (also known as Pseudomonas pseudomallei) is a Gram-negative, bipolar, aerobic, motile rod-shaped bacterium.

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Burkholderia pseudomultivorans

Burkholderia pseudomultivorans is a bacterium from the genus Burkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from samples of the human respiratory tract.

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Burkholderia pyrrocinia

Burkholderia pyrrocinia is a Gram-negative bacterium which has been found in soil as well as in the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis.

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Burkholderia seminalis

Burkholderia seminalis is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, bacterium from the genus of Burkholderia and the family of Burkholderiaceae which belongs to the ''Burkholderia cepacia'' complex.

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Burkholderia singaporensis

Burkholderia singaporensis is a bacterium from the genus of Burkholderia and the family of Burkholderiaceae.

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Burkholderia stabilis

Burkholderia stabilis is a species of proteobacteria.

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Burkholderia stagnalis

Burkholderia stagnalis is a bacterium from the genus of Burkholderia.

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Burkholderia territorii

Burkholderia territorii is a bacterium from the genus of Burkholderia.

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Burkholderia thailandensis

Burkholderia thailandensis is a nonfermenting motile, Gram-negative bacillus that occurs naturally in soil.

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Burkholderia ubonensis

Burkholderia ubonensis is a species of bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria.

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Burkholderia vietnamiensis

Burkholderia vietnamiensis is a species of bacteria.

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Burkholderiaceae

The Burkholderiaceae are a family of bacteria included in the order Burkholderiales.

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Burkholderiales

The Burkholderiales are an order of Proteobacteria.

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Butanol fuel

Butanol may be used as a fuel in an internal combustion engine.

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Butter

Butter is a dairy product containing up to 80% butterfat (in commercial products) which is solid when chilled and at room temperature in some regions and liquid when warmed.

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Butyric acid

Butyric acid (from βούτῡρον, meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, abbreviated BTA, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH.

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Butyrivibrio

Butyrivibrio is a genus of bacteria in Class Clostridia.

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Butyrivibrio hungatei

Butyrivibrio hungatei is a species of Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, butyrate-producing bacteria.

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BYKdb

The Bacterial protein tyrosine-kinase database (BYKdb) is a specialized database of computer-annotated bacterial tyrosine-kinases that share no resemblance with their eukaryotic counterparts.

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Byne's disease

Byne's disease, more accurately known as Bynesian decay, is a peculiar and permanently damaging condition (resulting from an ongoing chemical reaction) which often attacks mollusk shells that are in storage or on display for long periods of time.

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Bythograeidae

The Bythograeidae are a small family of crabs which live around hydrothermal vents.

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C0299 RNA

The C0299 RNA family consists of a group of Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli RNA genes which are 78 bases in length and are found between the hlyE and umuD genes.

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C0465 RNA

The C0465 RNA is a bacterial non-coding RNA of 78 nucleotides in length that is found between the tar and cheW genes in the genomes of Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri.

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C0719 RNA

The C0719 RNA is a bacterial non-coding RNA of 222 nucleotides in length that is found between the yghK and glcB genes in the genomes of Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri.

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C11orf86

Chromosome 11 open reading frame 86, also known as C11orf86, is a protein-coding gene in humans.

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C16orf42

C16orf42, or chromosome 16 open reading frame 42, is a hypothetical human protein found on chromosome 16.

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C16orf96

C16orf96, or chromosome 16 open reading frame 96, is a protein in humans that is encoded by C16orf96 that is found on the 16th chromosome.

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C4 antisense RNA

The c4 antisense RNA is a non-coding RNA used by certain phages that infect bacteria.

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C8orf82

Chromosome 8 open reading frame 82 is a protein encoded in humans by the C8orf82 gene.

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Caballeronia glathei

Caballeronia glathei is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.

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Caballeronia grimmiae

Caballeronia grimmiae is a gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Caballeronia and the family of Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from the xerophilous moss Grimmia montana in China.

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Caballeronia humi

Caballeronia humi is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile bacterium from the genus Burkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from peat soil in Russia.

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Caballeronia sordidicola

Caballeronia sordidicola is a species of proteobacteria.

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Caballeronia telluris

Caballeronia telluris is a bacterium from the genus Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Caballeronia terrestris

Caballeronia terrestris is a bacterium from the genus Burkholderia and family Burkholderiaceae.

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Caballeronia udeis

Caballeronia udeis is a bacterium from the genus Caballeronia and family Burkholderiaceae.

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Caballeronia zhejiangensis

Caballeronia zhejiangensis is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Caballeronia, which was isolated from a wastewater treatment system in China.

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Cache domain

In molecular biology, the cache domain is an extracellular protein domain that is predicted to have a role in small-molecule recognition in a wide range of proteins, including the animal dihydropyridine-sensitive voltage-gated Ca2+ channel alpha-2delta subunit, and various bacterial chemotaxis receptors.

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Cachureos

Cachureos (Chilean Spanish for odds and ends) was a Chilean television program created in 1983 by Marcelo Hernández.

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CADUCEUS (expert system)

CADUCEUS was a medical expert system finished in the mid-1980s (first begun in the 1970s- it took a long time to build the knowledge base) by Harry Pople (of the University of Pittsburgh), building on Pople's years of interviews with Dr.

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Caenorhabditis remanei

Caenorhabditis remanei is a species of nematode found in North America and Europe, and likely lives throughout the temperate world.

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Caf1 capsule antigen

In molecular biology, Caf1 capsule antigen proteins are a family of the F1 capsule antigens Caf1 synthesised by Yersinia bacteria.

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Caffeic acid

Caffeic acid is an organic compound that is classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid.

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Calcium:cation antiporter

The Ca2+:cation antiporter (CaCA) family is a member of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) superfamily.

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Calcium:cation antiporter-2

The Ca2+:H+ antiporter-2 (CaCA2) family is a member of the lysine exporter (LysE) superfamily.

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Caldicellulosiruptor

Caldicellulosiruptor is a genus of thermophilic, anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria.

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Caldicellulosiruptor bescii

Caldicellulosiruptor bescii is a species of thermophilic, anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria.

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Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus

Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus is a species of thermophilic, anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria.

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Caldilinea aerophila

Caldilinea aerophila is a species of filamentous thermophilic bacteria, and the type species of its genus.

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Caldisericum

Caldisericum exile is a species of bacteria sufficiently distinct from other bacteria to be placed in its own family, order, class and phylum.

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Caldithrix

Caldithrix is a genus of thermophilic and anaerobic bacterium that are difficult to assign to any particular Eubacterial phyla.

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Calicheamicin

The calicheamicins are a class of enediyne antitumor antibiotics derived from the bacterium Micromonospora echinospora, with calicheamicin γ1 being the most notable.

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Callinectes sapidus

Callinectes sapidus (from the Greek calli-.

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Calliphora livida

Calliphora livida is a member of the family Calliphoridae, the blow flies.

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Caloramator

Caloramator, is a genus of bacteriae belonging to the Firmicutes.

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Caloramator fervidus

Caloramator fervidus, previously known as Clostridium fervidus, is a bacterium belonging to the Firmicutes.

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Calothrix crustacea

Calothrix crustacea is a species of bacteria that is widespread in oceans worldwide.

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Caminibacter

Caminibacter is a genus of anaerobic and thermophilic bacteria from the family Nautiliaceae.

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Caminibacter hydrogeniphilus

Caminibacter hydrogeniphilus is a species of thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium.

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Caminibacter profundus

Caminibacter profundus is a species of moderately thermophilic, microaerobic to anaerobic, chemolithoautotrophic bacterium.

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CAMP receptor protein

cAMP receptor protein (CRP; also known as catabolite activator protein, CAP) is a regulatory protein in bacteria.

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Campden tablet

Campden tablets (potassium or sodium metabisulfite) are a sulfur-based product that is used primarily to sterilize wine, cider and in beer making to kill bacteria and to inhibit the growth of most wild yeast: this product is also used to eliminate both free chlorine and the more stable form, chloramine, from water solutions (e.g., drinking water from municipal sources).

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Campylobacter

Campylobacter (meaning "curved bacteria") is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Campylobacter coli

Campylobacter coli is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, nonendospore-forming, S-shaped bacterial species within genus Campylobacter.

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Campylobacter concisus

Campylobacter concisus is a Gram-negative, highly fastidious, mesophilic bacterium that grows under both anaerobic and microaerobic conditions with the presence of hydrogen significantly aiding growth.

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Campylobacter fetus

Campylobacter fetus is a species of Gram-negative, motile bacteria with a characteristic "S"-shaped rod morphology similar to members of the genus Vibrio.

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Campylobacter hyointestinalis

Campylobacter hyointestinalis is a species of Campylobacter implicated as a pathogen in gastroenteritis and diarrhoea in humans.

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Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of food poisoning in the United States and in Europe.

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Campylobacter lanienae

Campylobacter lanienae is a species of Campylobacter found in humans and other animals.

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Campylobacter lari

Campylobacter lari (formerly Campylobacter laridis) is a species of nalidixic acid-resistant, thermophilic, microaerophilic bacteria first isolated from human faeces.

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Campylobacter mucosalis

Campylobacter mucosalis was initially isolated in 1974 by Lawson and Rowland from the lesions of porcine intestinal adenomatosis.

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Campylobacter rectus

Campylobacter rectus is a species of Campylobacter.

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Campylobacter showae

Campylobacter showae is a species of Campylobacter found in humans.

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Campylobacter upsaliensis

Campylobacter upsaliensis is a bacterial species of campylobacter It can be found in cats and dogs.

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Campylobacteriosis

Campylobacteriosis is an infection by the Campylobacter bacterium, most commonly C. jejuni.

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Canadian Magazine

The Canadian Magazine of Politics, Science, Art and Literature was the premiere monthly literary journal of Anglophone Canada for three decades.

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Canarypox

Canarypox virus (CNPV) is an Avipoxvirus and etiologic agent of canarypox, a disease of wild and captive birds that can cause significant losses.

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Cancer pagurus

Cancer pagurus, commonly known as the edible crab or brown crab, is a species of crab found in the North Sea, North Atlantic Ocean and perhaps in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Candidate division SR1 and gracilibacteria code

The candidate division SR1 and gracilibacteria code (translation table 25) is used in two groups of (so far) uncultivated bacteria found in marine and fresh-water environments and in the intestines and oral cavities of mammals among others.

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Candidatus Accumulibacter

Candidatus Accumulibacter is an unclassified group of Betaproteobacteria that currently contains only a single member, Candidatus Accumulibacter Phosphatis.

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Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis

Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis (CAP) is an unclassified type of Betaproteobacteria that is a common bacterial community member of sewage treatment and wastewater treatment plants performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) and is a polyphosphate-accumulating organism.

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Candidatus Arthromitus

Candidatus Arthromitus is a group of morphologically distinct bacteria found almost exclusively in terrestrial arthropods.

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Candidatus Bartonella antechini

Candidatus Bartonella antechini is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from the mouse Antechinus flavipes.

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Candidatus Bartonella bandicootii

Candidatus Bartonella bandicootii is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from fleas (Pygiopsylla tunneyi).

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Candidatus Bartonella breitschwerdtii

Candidatus Bartonella breitschwerdtii is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella.

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Candidatus Bartonella durdenii

Candidatus Bartonella durdenii is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella.

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Candidatus Bartonella eldjazairii

Candidatus Bartonella eldjazairii is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella.

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Candidatus Bartonella mayotimonensis

Candidatus Bartonella mayotimonensis is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which can cause endocarditis in humans.

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Candidatus Bartonella merieuxii

Candidatus Bartonella merieuxii is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella Candidatus Bartonella merieuxii is named after Charles Mérieux.

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Candidatus Bartonella monaxi

Candidatus Bartonella antechini is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from groundhogs (Marmota monax).

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Candidatus Bartonella rudakovii

Candidatus Bartonella rudakovii is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella.

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Candidatus Bartonella thailandensis

Candidatus Bartonella thailandensis is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated in Thailand.

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Candidatus Bartonella volans

Candidatus Bartonella volans is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans).

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Candidatus Bartonella woyliei

Candidatus Bartonella woyliei is a candidatus bacteria from the genus of Bartonella which was isolated from the fleas Pygiopsylla hilli and Ixodes australiensis.

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Candidatus Caballeronia calva

"Candidatus Caballeronia calva" is a bacterium from the genus Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Candidatus Caballeronia crenata

"Candidatus Caballeronia crenata" is a bacterium from the genus of Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Candidatus Caballeronia hispidae

"Candidatus Caballeronia hispidae" is a bacterium from the genus Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae.>.

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Candidatus Caballeronia kirkii

"Candidatus Caballeronia kirkii" is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Candidatus Caballeronia mamillata

"Candidatus Caballeronia mamillata" is a bacterium from the genus of Burkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Candidatus Caballeronia nigropunctata

"Candidatus Caballeronia nigropunctata" is a Candidatus species of bacteria from the genus Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Candidatus Caballeronia rigidae

"Candidatus Caballeronia rigidae" is a bacterium from the genus Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Candidatus Caballeronia schumannianae

"Candidatus Burkholderia schumannianae" is a bacterium from the genus Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Candidatus Caballeronia verschuerenii

"Candidatus Caballeronia verschuerenii" is a bacterium from the genus of Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Candidatus Caballeronia virens

"Candidatus Caballeronia virens" is a bacterium from the genus Caballeronia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Candidatus Carsonella ruddii

Candidatus Carsonella ruddii is an obligate endosymbiotic Gamma Proteobacterium with one of the smallest genomes of any characterised bacteria.

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Candidatus Devosia euplotis

Candidatus Devosia euplotis is a endosymbiont Candidatus bacteria from the genus of Devosia.

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Candidatus Legionella jeonii

Candidatus Legionella jeonii is a candidatus bacterium from the genus Legionella.

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Candidatus Liberibacter

Candidatus Liberibacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the Rhizobiaceae family.

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Candidatus Phytoplasma solani

Candidatus Phytoplasma solani, the causal agent of the black wood of grapevine, is a bacterial Phytoplasma species of the 16SrXII group.

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Candy

Candy, also called sweets or lollies, is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient.

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Canine influenza

Canine influenza (dog flu) is influenza occurring in canine animals.

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Canker

Canker generally refers to many different plant diseases of such broadly similar symptoms as the appearance of small areas of dead tissue, which grow slowly, often over years.

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Canned fish

Canned fish are fish which have been processed, sealed in an airtight container such as a sealed tin can, and subjected to heat.

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Canning Dam

The Canning Dam and reservoir provide a major fresh water resource for the city of Perth, Western Australia.

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Cantaloupe

Cantaloupe (muskmelon, mushmelon, rockmelon, sweet melon) or spanspek (South Africa) is a variety of the Cucumis melo species in the Cucurbitaceae family.

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Canthaxanthin

Canthaxanthin is a keto-carotenoid pigment widely distributed in nature.

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Cantonese salted fish

Cantonese Salted Fish (simplified Chinese: 广东咸鱼; traditional Chinese: 廣東鹹魚;; piyin: Guǎngdōngxiányú; also known as "Salted-fish, Chinese style") is a traditional Chinese food originating from Guangdong province.

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Cape Fear shiner

The Cape Fear shiner (Notropis mekistocholas) is a North American species of freshwater fish in the Cyprinidae family.

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Capnocytophaga

Capnocytophaga is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Capnocytophaga canimorsus

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a fastidious, slow-growing Gram-negative rod of the genus Capnocytophaga.

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Capsosiraceae

The Capsosiraceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Captive killer whales

Captive killer whales are live killer whales (Orcinus orca) which are held in captivity by humans, often for breeding or performance purposes.

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Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase catalyzes the ATP-dependent synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate from glutamine or ammonia and bicarbonate.

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Carbohydrate metabolism

Carbohydrate metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the formation, breakdown, and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms.

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Carbohydrate Structure Database

Carbohydrate Structure Database (CSDB) is a free database and service platform in glycoinformatics, launched in 2005 by a group of Russian scientists from, Russian Academy of Sciences.

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Carbohydrate-binding module

In molecular biology, a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) is a protein domain found in carbohydrate-active enzymes (for example glycoside hydrolases).

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Carbol fuchsin

Carbol fuchsin, carbol-fuchsin, or carbolfuchsin, is a mixture of phenol and basic fuchsin, used in bacterial staining procedures.

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Carbon fixation

Carbon fixation or сarbon assimilation is the conversion process of inorganic carbon (carbon dioxide) to organic compounds by living organisms.

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Carbonic anhydrase

The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) form a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e. bicarbonate and protons).

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Carboniferous

The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Permian Period, Mya.

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Carbophilus

Carbophilus is a bacterial genus from the family of Rhizobiaceae, with one known species (Carbophilus carboxidus).

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Carbophilus carboxidus

Carbophilus carboxidus is a bacterium from the genus of Carbophilus which has been isolated from soil in Moscow in Russia.

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Carboxydocella

Carboxydocella is a Gram-positive and obligate anaerobe bacterial genus from the family of Syntrophomonadaceae.

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Carboxydocella thermautotrophica

Carboxydocella thermautotrophica is an anaerobic, CO-utilizing thermophile bacterium.

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Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans

Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans is an extremely thermophilic anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that has the interesting property of producing hydrogen as a waste product while feeding on carbon monoxide and water.

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Carboy

A carboy (or carbouy), demijohn, or jimmyjohn is a rigid container with a typical capacity of.

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Carbuncle

A carbuncle is a cluster of boils caused by bacterial infection, most commonly with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.

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Carcinogen

A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis, the formation of cancer.

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Carcinogenic bacteria

Cancer bacteria are bacteria infectious organisms that are known or suspected to cause cancer.

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Cardiobacteriaceae

The Cardiobacteriaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, given their own order.

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Cardiobacterium hominis

Cardiobacterium hominis is a Gram-negative bacillus (rod-shaped) bacterium commonly grouped with other bacteria into the HACEK group.

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Cardiobacterium valvarum

Cardiobacterium valvarum is a newly described HACEK organism causing endocarditis.

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Cariogram

Cariogram is a way to illustrate interactions between caries related factors.

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CARKD

Carbohydrate kinase domain containing protein (abbreviated as CARKD), encoded by CARKD gene, is a human protein of unknown function.

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Carl Friedländer

Carl Friedländer (19 November 1847, Brieg (Brzeg), Silesia – 13 May 1887, Meran (Merano), County of Tyrol) was a German pathologist and microbiologist who helped discover the bacterial cause of pneumonia in 1882.

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Carl Woese

Carl Richard Woese (July 15, 1928 – December 30, 2012) was an American microbiologist and biophysicist.

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Carlini Base

Carlini Base (Base Carlini), formerly known as Jubany Base, is an Argentine permanent base and scientific research station named after scientist Alejandro Ricardo Carlini (previously it had been named after Argentine naval pilot José Isidro Jubany).

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Carnimonas

Carnimonas is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Carnivorous plant

Carnivorous plants are plants that derive some or most of their nutrients (but not energy) from trapping and consuming animals or protozoans, typically insects and other arthropods.

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Carnobacteriaceae

The Carnobacteriaceae are a family of Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria.

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Carnobacterium

Carnobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria within the family Carnobacteriaceae.

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Carnobacterium pleistocenium

Carnobacterium pleistocenium is recently discovered bacterium from the arctic part of Alaska.

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Carol Yager

Carol Ann Yager (January 26, 1960 – July 18, 1994) was one of the most severely obese people in history, and the heaviest woman ever recorded.

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Carpenter ant

Carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.) are large ants indigenous to many forested parts of the world.

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Carpobrotus

Carpobrotus, commonly known as pigface, ice plant, sour fig, and Hottentot fig, is a genus of ground-creeping plants with succulent leaves and large daisy-like flowers.

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Carrion

Carrion (from Latin caro, meaning "meat") is the decaying flesh of a dead animal.

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Carvacrol

Carvacrol, or cymophenol, C6H3CH3(OH)(C3H7), is a monoterpenoid phenol.

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Caryophanaceae

The Caryophanaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Cas1

CRISPR-associated protein 1 (cas1) is one of the two universally conserved proteins found in the CRISPR prokaryotic immune defense system.

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Castellaniella

Castellaniella is a genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile bacteria from the family of Alcaligenaceae.

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Castellaniella caeni

Castellaniella caeni is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, denitrifying, nonmotile bacterium from the genus Castellaniella, isolated from the sludge of the aerobic treatment tanks of a municipal leachate treatment plant in Daejeon in the Republic of Korea.

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Castellaniella daejeonensis

Castellaniella daejeonensis is a Gram-negative, oxidase and catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, nonspore-forming, motile bacterium from the genus Castellaniella, isolated from oil-contaminated soil.

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Castellaniella ginsengisoli

Castellaniella ginsengisoli is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile, beta-glucosidase-producing bacterium from the genus Castellaniella which has been isolated from soil of a ginseng field in South Korea.

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Castellaniella hirudinis

No description.

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Cat health

The health of domestic cats is a well studied area in veterinary medicine.

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Cat meat

Cat meat is meat prepared from domestic cats for human consumption.

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Cat-scratch disease

Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is a common and usually benign infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae.

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Catabolite Control Protein A

Catabolite Control Protein A (CcpA) is a master regulator of carbon metabolism in gram-positive bacteria.

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Catabolite repression

Carbon catabolite repression, or simply catabolite repression, is an important part of global control system of various bacteria and other micro-organisms.

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Catalase

Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals).

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Catellibacterium

In taxonomy, Catellibacterium is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Catenibacterium

Catenibacterium is a Gram-positive, nonspore-forming and anaerobic genus from the family Erysipelotrichidae, with one known species (Catenibacterium mitsuokai).

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Catenibacterium mitsuokai

Catenibacterium mitsuokai is a Gram-positive and anaerobic bacterium from the genus Catenibacterium which has been isolated from human faeces in Japan.

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Catenulisporineae

The Catenulisporineae comprise a suborder of Actinomycetales with two monotypic families.

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Catheter-associated urinary tract infection

Catheter-associated urinary tract Infection, or CAUTI, is a urinary tract infection associated with urinary catheter use.

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Cathole

A cathole or cat hole or sometimes pighole is a pit for human feces.

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Catuaba

The name catuaba (pronounced, a Guarani word that means "what gives strength to the Indian") is used for the infusions of the bark of a number of trees native to Brazil.

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Caulobacter crescentus

Caulobacter crescentus is a Gram-negative, oligotrophic bacterium widely distributed in fresh water lakes and streams.

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Caulobacteraceae

Caulobacteraceae is a family of proteobacteria, given its own order (Caulobacterales) within the alpha subgroup.

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Causes of cancer

Cancer is a disease caused by genetic changes leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.

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Cavalier-Smith's system of classification

The classification system of life introduced by British zoologist Thomas Cavalier-Smith involves systematic arrangements of all life forms on earth.

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Cave of the Crystals

Cave of the Crystals or Giant Crystal Cave is a cave connected to the Naica Mine at a depth of, in Naica, Chihuahua, Mexico.

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Caveolae

In biology, caveolae (Latin for "little caves"; singular, caveola), which are a special type of lipid raft, are small (50–100 nanometer) invaginations of the plasma membrane in many vertebrate cell types, especially in endothelial cells, adipocytes and embryonic notochord cells.

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CcdA/CcdB Type II Toxin-antitoxin system

The CcdA/CcdB Type II Toxin-antitoxin system is one example of the bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems that encode two proteins, one a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation (toxin) and the other its specific antidote (antitoxin).

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CCDC138

Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 138, also known as CCDC138, is a human protein encoded by the CCDC138 gene.

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CCDC180

Coiled-coil domain containing protein 180 (CCDC180) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC180 gene.

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CCDC186

CCDC186 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC186 gene The CCDC186 gene is also known as the CTCL-tumor associated antigen with accession number NM_018017.

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CCDC82

Coiled-Coil Domain Containing protein 82 (CCDC82) is a protein that in humans, is encoded for by the gene of the same name, CCDC82.

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CCDC94

Coiled-coil domain containing 94 (CCDC94), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC94 gene.

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CD1D

CD1D is the human gene that encodes the protein CD1d, a member of the CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human antigen-presenting cells.

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Cecotrope

Cecotropes, also caecotrophia, caecal pellets, or night feces, are the product of the cecum, a part of the digestive system in mammals of the order lagomorpha, which includes two families: Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas).

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Cecum

The cecum or caecum (plural ceca; from the Latin caecus meaning blind) is an intraperitoneal pouch that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine.

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Cedecea

Cedecea is a genus of extremely rare bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Cees Dekker

Cornelis "Cees" Dekker (born April 7, 1959 in Haren, Groningen) is a Dutch physicist, and Distinguished University Professor at the Technical University of Delft.

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Cefaclor

Cefaclor, sold under the trade name Ceclor among others, is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat certain bacterial infections such as pneumonia and infections of the ear, lung, skin, throat, and urinary tract.

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Cefepime

Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.

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Cefmatilen

Cefmatilen (INN, codenamed S-1090) is an orally-active cephalosporin antibiotic.

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Cefoperazone

Cefoperazone is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, marketed by Pfizer under the name Cefobid.

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Cefotaxime

Cefotaxime is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.

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Cefoxitin

Cefoxitin is a second-generation cephamycin antibiotic developed by Merck & Co., Inc.

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Celera Corporation

Celera is a subsidiary of Quest Diagnostics which focuses on genetic sequencing and related technologies.

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Cell (biology)

The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.

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Cell biology

Cell biology (also called cytology, from the Greek κυτος, kytos, "vessel") is a branch of biology that studies the structure and function of the cell, the basic unit of life.

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Cell counting

Cell counting is any of various methods for the counting or similar quantification of cells in the life sciences, including medical diagnosis and treatment.

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Cell cycle

The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells.

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Cell disruption

Cell disruption is a method or process for releasing biological molecules from inside a cell.

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Cell division

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.

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Cell encapsulation

Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc.

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Cell envelope

The cell envelope comprises the inner cell membrane and the cell wall of a bacterium, if present, plus a bacterial outer membrane (i.e. in gram-negative bacteria).

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Cell growth

The term cell growth is used in the contexts of biological cell development and cell division (reproduction).

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Cell membrane

The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space).

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Cell nucleus

In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel or seed) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.

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Cell Population Data

Leukocytes are one type of Blood cells, the other two being Red blood cells and Platelets.

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Cell signaling

Cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is part of any communication process that governs basic activities of cells and coordinates all cell actions.

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Cell spreader

A cell spreader is a tool used in the biological field to smoothly spread cells and bacteria on a plate or a petri-dish.

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Cell theory

In biology, cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.

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Cell wall

A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane.

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Cell-free protein array

Cell-free protein array technology produces protein microarrays by performing in vitro synthesis of the target proteins from their DNA templates.

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Cellophane

Cellophane is a thin, transparent sheet made of regenerated cellulose.

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Cellular microbiology

Cellular microbiology is a discipline that bridges microbiology and cell biology.

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Cellulase

Cellulase is any of several enzymes produced chiefly by fungi, bacteria, and protozoans that catalyze cellulolysis, the decomposition of cellulose and of some related polysaccharides.

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Cellulitis

Cellulitis is a bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the skin.

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Cellulomonadaceae

The Cellulomonadaceae are a family of bacteria.

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Cellulomonas

Cellulomonas is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria.

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Cellulophaga

Cellulophaga is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterial genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae which occur in marine alga and beach mud.

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Cellulophaga algicola

Cellulophaga algicola is a bacterium.

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Cellulose

Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units.

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Cellulosimicrobium

Cellulosimicrobium is a Gram-positive bacterial genus from the family of Promicromonosporaceae.

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Cellulosimicrobium cellulans

Cellulosimicrobium cellulans is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Cellulosimicrobium.

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Cellulosimicrobium funkei

Cellulosimicrobium funkei is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Cellulosimicrobium which is a rare opportunistic pathogen in humans.

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Cellulosimicrobium terreum

Cellulosimicrobium terreum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Cellulosimicrobium which has been isolated from soil from Dokdo in Korea.

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Cellvibrio

Cellvibrio is a genus of Gammaproteobacteria.

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Cellvibrio japonicus

Cellvibrio japonicus is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.

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Census of Marine Life

The Census of Marine Life was a 10-year scientific initiative, involving a global network of researchers in more than 80 nations, engaged to assess and explain the diversity, distribution, and abundance of life in the oceans.

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Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture

Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (CIBA) is one of the research institutes under Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi to serve as the nodal agency for catering to the needs of the brackishwater aquaculture research in India.

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Central nervous system disease

Central nervous system diseases, also known as central nervous system disorders, are a group of neurological disorders that affect the structure or function of the brain or spinal cord, which collectively form the central nervous system (CNS).

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Centriole

In cell biology a centriole is a cylindrical cellular organelle composed mainly of a protein called tubulin.

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Centrosema pubescens

Centrosema pubescens, common name centro or butterfly pea, is a legume in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, and tribe Phaseolae.

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Centrosome

In cell biology, the centrosome (Latin centrum 'center' + Greek sōma 'body') is an organelle that serves as the main microtubule organizing center (MTOC) of the animal cell as well as a regulator of cell-cycle progression.

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Cephalosporin

The cephalosporins (sg.) are a class of β-lactam antibiotics originally derived from the fungus Acremonium, which was previously known as "Cephalosporium".

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Ceragenix Pharmaceuticals

Ceragenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

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Ceramic water filter

Ceramic water filters are an inexpensive and effective type of water filter, that rely on the small pore size of ceramic material to filter dirt, debris, and bacteria out of water.

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Ceratonia siliqua

Ceratonia siliqua, known as the carob tree or carob bush, St John's-bread, locust bean (not African locust bean), or simply locust-tree, is a flowering evergreen tree or shrub in the pea family, Fabaceae.

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Cercomonadida

Cercomonads are small flagellates, widespread in aqueous habitats and common in soils.

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Cerebellar hypoplasia (non-human)

Cerebellar hypoplasia is a disorder found in cats and dogs in which the cerebellum is not completely mature at birth.

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Cerebral infarction

A cerebral infarction is an area of necrotic tissue in the brain resulting from a blockage or narrowing in the arteries supplying blood and oxygen to the brain.

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Cerebritis

Cerebritis is an infection of the brain that normally leads to the formation of an abscess within the brain itself.

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Cerein

Cereins are a group of bacteriocins produced by various strains of the bacterium Bacillus cereus.

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Cervical cap

The cervical cap is a form of barrier contraception.

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Cervical mucus plug

A cervical mucus plug (operculum) is a plug that fills and seals the cervical canal during pregnancy.

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Cesiribacter

Cesiribacter is a genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae.

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Cesiribacter andamanensis

Cesiribacter andamanensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Cesiribacter which has been isolated from soil from a mud volcano on the Baratang Island in India.

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Cesiribacter roseus

Cesiribacter roseus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic and motile bacterium from the genus of Cesiribacter which has been isolated from desert sand in Xinjiang in China.

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Chalcogen

The chalcogens are the chemical elements in group 16 of the periodic table.

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Chalcophora japonica

Chalcophora japonica, or ubatamamushi in Japanese (Japanese kanji: 姥玉虫, katakana: ウバタマムシ; lit. 'nanny jewel bug'), also known as the flat-headed wood-borer, is a metallic, bullet-shaped, woodboring beetle of the Buprestidae family.

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Chamaesiphonaceae

The Chamaesiphonaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Chamelea gallina

Chamelea gallina is a species of small saltwater clam, a marine bivalve in the family Veneridae, the venus clams.

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Champagne Pool

Champagne Pool is a prominent geothermal feature within the Waiotapu geothermal area in the North Island of New Zealand.

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Chancre

A chancre thefreedictionary is a painless genital ulcer most commonly formed during the primary stage of syphilis.

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Chancroid

Chancroid (also known as soft chancre and ulcus molle) is a bacterial sexually transmitted infection characterized by painful sores on the genitalia.

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CHAP domain

In molecular biology, the CHAP domain is a region between 110 and 140 amino acids that is found in proteins from bacteria, bacteriophages, archaea and eukaryotes of the family Trypanosomidae.

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Chaperone (protein)

In molecular biology, molecular chaperones are proteins that assist the covalent folding or unfolding and the assembly or disassembly of other macromolecular structures.

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Chaperonin

Chaperonins are proteins that provide favourable conditions for the correct folding of other proteins, thus preventing aggregation.

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Chargaff's rules

Chargaff's rules state that DNA from any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio (base Pair Rule) of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine should be equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to thymine.

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Charles Chamberland

Charles Chamberland (12 March 1851 – 2 May 1908) was a French microbiologist from Chilly-le-Vignoble in the department of Jura who worked with Louis Pasteur.

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Charles Donovan

Charles Donovan MD (19 September 1863 – 29 October 1951) was an Irish medical officer in the Indian Medical Service.

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Charles River

The Charles River (sometimes called the River Charles or simply the Charles) is an long river in eastern Massachusetts.

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Charles Yanofsky

Charles Yanofsky (April 17, 1925, New York City – March 16, 2018, Palo Alto, California) was an American geneticist.

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Chã das Caldeiras

Chã das Caldeiras (“Plain or Plateau of the Calderas”) is a small community of approximately 1,000 inhabitants within the crater of the volcanic Pico do Fogo on the island of Fogo, one of nine inhabited islands comprising Cape Verde and a volcanic plateau being the largest in Cape Verde, it is at the foot of the rim mountain of Bordeira.

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Chédiak–Higashi syndrome

Chédiak–Higashi syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that arises from a mutation of a lysosomal trafficking regulator protein, which leads to a decrease in phagocytosis.

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Cheek augmentation

Cheek augmentation is a cosmetic surgical procedure that is intended to emphasize the cheeks on a person's face.

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Cheese

Cheese is a dairy product derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.

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Cheese ripening

Cheese ripening, alternatively cheese maturation or affinage, is a process in cheesemaking.

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Cheesemaking

Cheesemaking (or caseiculture) is the craft of making cheese, which dates back at least 5,000 years.

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Chelativorans

Chelativorans is a genus of Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacteria.

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Chelativorans multitrophicus

Chelativorans multitrophicus is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chelativorans which was isolated from soil of activated sludge from industrial wastewater treatment plants in Switzerland.

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Chelativorans oligotrophicus

Chelativorans oligotrophicus is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chelativorans.

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Chelatococcus

Chelatococcus is a genus of bacteria from the family of Beijerinckiaceae.

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Chelatococcus asaccharovorans

Chelatococcus asaccharovorans is a bacterium from the genus of Chelatococcus.

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Chelatococcus daeguensis

Chelatococcus daeguensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Chelatococcus which was isolated from wastewater of a textile dye works in Daegu in the Republic of Korea.

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Chelatococcus sambhunathii

Chelatococcus sambhunathii is a gram-negative, aerobic catalase- and oxidase-positive motile bacteria with a single polar flagellum from the genus of Chelatococcus which was isolated from sediment of a hot sulfur spring in Orissa in India.

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Chelicerata

The subphylum Chelicerata (New Latin, from French chélicère, from Greek khēlē "claw, chela" and kéras "horn") constitutes one of the major subdivisions of the phylum Arthropoda.

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Chemical change

Chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance, called chemical synthesis or, alternatively, chemical decomposition into two or more different substances.

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Chemical chaperone

Chemical chaperones are a class of small molecules that function to enhance the folding and/or stability of proteins.

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Chemical warfare

Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons.

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Chemiosmosis

Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient.

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Chemocline

A chemocline is a cline caused by a strong, vertical chemistry gradient within a body of water.

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Chemokine

Chemokines (Greek -kinos, movement) are a family of small cytokines, or signaling proteins secreted by cells.

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Chemotaxis

Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus.

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Chemotaxonomy

Merriam-Webster defines chemotaxonomy as the method of biological classification based on similarities in the structure of certain compounds among the organisms being classified.

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Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen.

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Chemotroph

Chemotrophs are organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments.

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Chemotropism

Chemotropism is growth of organisms such as bacteria and plants, navigated by chemical stimulus from outside of the organism or organism's part.

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Chenodeoxycholic acid

Chenodeoxycholic acid (also known as chenodesoxycholic acid, chenocholic acid and 3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid) is a bile acid.

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Cherry X Disease

Cherry X disease also known as Cherry Buckskin disease is caused by a plant pathogenic phytoplasma.

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Chert

Chert is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline silica, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO2).

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Chetco River

The Chetco River is a stream located in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Oregon.

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Chewing gum

Chewing gum is a soft, cohesive substance designed to be chewed without being swallowed.

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Chi site

A Chi site or Chi sequence is a short stretch of DNA in the genome of a bacterium near which homologous recombination is more likely than expected to occur.

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Chips and dip

Chips and dip are a food of chips or crisps served with dips.

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Chitinase A N-terminal domain

In molecular biology, the chitinase A N-terminal domain is found at the N-terminus of a number of bacterial chitinases and similar viral proteins.

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Chitinimonas

Chitinimonas is a genus of Gram-negative, chitinolytic, rod-shaped bacteria which have flagella from the family of Burkholderiaceae which belongs to the class Betaproteobacteria.

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Chitinimonas koreensis

Chitinimonas koreensis is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive motile bacterium with a single flagellum of the genus Chitinimonas and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from greenhouse soil in Korea.

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Chitinimonas prasina

Chitinimonas prasina is a Gram-negative, green pigmented, aerobic bacterium species from the genus of Chitinimonas which has been isolated from lake water in Xiamen in the Fujian Province in China.

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Chitinimonas taiwanensis

Chitinimonas taiwanensis is a Gram-negative, chitinolytic, catalase- and oxidase-positive motile bacterium with a single flagellum of the genus Chitinimonas and the family of Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from the surface of a freshwater pond for shrimp (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in Pingtung City in southern Taiwan.

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Chitinimonas viridis

Chitinimonas viridis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium species from the genus of Chitinimonas which has been isolated from an artificial lake in Korea.

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Chiton

Chitons are marine molluscs of varying size in the class Polyplacophora, formerly known as Amphineura.

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Chlamydia (genus)

Chlamydia is a genus of pathogenic bacteria that are obligate intracellular parasites.

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Chlamydia antibodies

Chlamydia antibodies are antibodies targeting bacteria of the Chlamydia genus, but it generally refers specifically to antibodies targeting Chlamydia trachomatis, which is the cause of Chlamydia infection in humans.

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Chlamydia muridarum

Chlamydia muridarum is an intracellular bacterial species that at one time belonged to Chlamydia trachomatis.

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Chlamydia psittaci

Chlamydia psittaci is a lethal intracellular bacterial species that may cause endemic avian chlamydiosis, epizootic outbreaks in mammals, and respiratory psittacosis in humans.

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Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia trachomatis, commonly known as chlamydia, is one of four bacterial species in the genus Chlamydia.

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Chlamydiaceae

The Chlamydiaceae are a family of bacteria that belongs to the phylum Chlamydiae, order Chlamydiales.

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Chlamydiae

The Chlamydiae are bacterial phylum and class whose members are a group of obligate intracellular bacteria, whose members are remarkably diverse, ranging from pathogens of humans and animals to symbionts of ubiquitous protozoa.

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Chlamydiales

The bacterial order Chlamydiales includes only obligately intracellular bacteria that have a chlamydia-like developmental cycle of replication and at least 80% 16S rRNA or 23S rRNA gene sequence identity with other members of Chlamydiales.

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Chlamydomonas nivalis

Chlamydomonas nivalis is a unicellular red-coloured photosynthetic green alga that is found in the snowfields of the alps and polar regions all over the world.

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Chlamydophila

Chlamydophila is a controversial bacterial genus belonging to the family Chlamydiaceae, order Chlamydiales, class/phylum Chlamydiae.

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Chlamydophila abortus

Chlamydophila abortus is a species in Chlamydiae that causes abortion and fetal death in mammals, including humans.

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Chlamydophila caviae

Chlamydophila caviae is a bacterium that can be recovered from the conjunctiva of Guinea pigs suffering from ocular inflammation and eye discharge.

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Chlamydophila felis

Chlamydophila felis is a bacterium endemic among domestic cats worldwide, primarily causing inflammation of feline conjunctiva, rhinitis and respiratory problems.

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Chlamydophila pecorum

Chlamydophila pecorum, also known as Chlamydia pecorum is a species of Chlamydiaceae that has been isolated only from mammals: cattle, sheep and goats (ruminants), koalas (marsupials), and swine.

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Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a species of Chlamydophila, an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects humans and is a major cause of pneumonia.

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Chloracidobacterium

In taxonomy, Chloracidobacterium is a genus of the Acidobacteria.

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Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase

Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (or CAT) is a bacterial enzyme that detoxifies the antibiotic chloramphenicol and is responsible for chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria.

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Chloramphenicol phosphotransferase-like protein family

In molecular biology, the chloramphenicol phosphotransferase-like protein family includes the chloramphenicol 3-O phosphotransferase (CPT) expressed by Streptomyces venezuelae.

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Chlorarachniophyte

The chlorarachniophytes are a small group of algae occasionally found in tropical oceans.

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Chlorine

Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17.

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Chlorine dioxide

Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2.

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Chlorobi-1 RNA motif

The Chlorobi-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA secondary structure identified by bioinformatics.

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Chlorobium

Chlorobium (also known as Chlorochromatium) is a genus of green sulfur bacteria. They are photolithotrophic oxidizers of sulfur and most notably utilise a noncyclic electron transport chain to reduce NAD+. Photosynthesis is achieved using a Type 1 Reaction Centre using bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) a. Two photosynthetic antenna complexes aid in light absorption: the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex ("FMO", also containing BChl a), and the chlorosomes which employ mostly BChl c, d, or e. Hydrogen sulfide is used as an electron source and carbon dioxide its carbon source.Prescott, Harley, Klein. (2005). Microbiology pp. 195, 493, 597, 618-619, 339. Chlorobium species exhibit a dark green color; in a Winogradsky column, the green layer often observed is composed of Chlorobium. This genus lives in strictly anaerobic conditions below the surface of a body of water, commonly the anaerobic zone of a eutrophic lake. Chlorobium aggregatum is a species which exists in a symbiotic relationship with a colorless, nonphotosynthetic bacteria. This species looks like a bundle of green bacteria, attached to a central rod-like cell which can move around with a flagellum. The green, outer bacteria use light to oxidize sulfide into sulfate. The inner cell, which is not able to perform photosynthesis, reduces the sulfate into sulfide. These bacteria divide in unison, giving the structure a multicellular appearance which is highly unusual in bacteria. Chlorobium species are thought to have played an important part in mass extinction events on Earth. If the oceans turn anoxic (due to the shutdown of ocean circulation) then Chlorobium would be able to out compete other photosynthetic life. They would produce huge quantities of methane and hydrogen sulfide which would cause global warming and acid rain. This would have huge consequences for other oceanic organisms and also for terrestrial organisms. Evidence for abundant Chlorobium populations is provided by chemical fossils found in sediments deposited at the Cretaceous mass extinction. The complete C. tepidum genome, which consists of 2.15 megabases (Mb), was sequenced and published in 2002. It synthesizes chlorophyll a and bacteriochlorophylls (BChls) a and c, of which the model organism has been used to elucidate the biosynthesis of BChl c. Several of its carotenoid metabolic pathways (including a novel lycopene cyclase) have similar counterparts in cyanobacteria.

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Chlorobium chlorochromatii

Chlorobium chlorochromatii, originally known as Chlorobium aggregatum, is a symbiotic green sulfur bacteria that performs anoxygenic photosynthesis and functions as an obligate photoautotroph using reduced sulfur species as electron donors.

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Chlorobium tepidum

Chlorobium tepidum is an anaerobic, thermophilic green sulfur bacteria first isolated from New Zealand.

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Chloroflexales

Chloroflexales is one of two orders of bacteria in the class Chloroflexi.

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Chloroflexi (class)

The Chloroflexia are one of six classes of bacteria in the phylum Chloroflexi, known as filamentous green non-sulfur bacteria.

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Chloroflexi (phylum)

The Chloroflexi or Chlorobacteria are a phylum of bacteria containing isolates with a diversity of phenotypes including members that are aerobic thermophiles, which use oxygen and grow well in high temperatures, anoxygenic phototrophs, which use light for photosynthesis (green non-sulfur bacteria), and anaerobic halorespirers, which uses halogenated organics (such as the toxic chlorinated ethenes and polychlorinated biphenyls) as electron acceptors.

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Chloroflexi-1 RNA motif

The Chloroflexi-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure detected by bioinformatics within the species Chloroflexus aggregans.

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Chloroflexus aggregans

Chloroflexus aggregans is a thermophilic, filamentous, phototrophic bacterium that forms dense cell aggregates.

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Chloroflexus aurantiacus

Chloroflexus aurantiacus is a photosynthetic bacterium isolated from hot springs, belonging to the green non-sulfur bacteria.

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Chlorogloeopsis

Chlorogloeopsis is a genus of cyanobacteria.

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Chlorophyll fluorescence

Chlorophyll fluorescence is light re-emitted by chlorophyll molecules during return from excited to non-excited states.

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Chloropidae

The Chloropidae are a family of flies commonly known as frit flies or grass flies.

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Chloroplast

Chloroplasts are organelles, specialized compartments, in plant and algal cells.

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Chlorothalonil

Chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) is an organic compound mainly used as a broad spectrum, nonsystemic fungicide, with other uses as a wood protectant, pesticide, acaricide, and to control mold, mildew, bacteria, algae.

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Choanoflagellate

The choanoflagellates are a group of free-living unicellular and colonial flagellate eukaryotes considered to be the closest living relatives of the animals.

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Choke (horse)

Choke is a condition in horses in which the esophagus is blocked, usually by food material.

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Cholera

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

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Cholera toxin

Cholera toxin (also known as choleragen and sometimes abbreviated to CTX, Ctx or CT) is protein complex secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

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Cholesterol

Cholesterol (from the Ancient Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), followed by the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol) is an organic molecule.

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Cholesterol oxidase

In enzymology, a cholesterol oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are cholesterol and O2, whereas its two products are cholest-4-en-3-one and H2O2.

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Chorioamnionitis

Chorioamnionitis also known as intra-amniotic infection (IAI) is an inflammation of the fetal membranes (amnion and chorion) due to a bacterial infection.

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Chorismate lyase

In enzymology, a chorismate lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, chorismate, and two products, 4-hydroxybenzoate and pyruvate.

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Christensenella

Christensenella is a genus of Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, anaerobic, and nonmotile bacteria from the family Christensenellaceae.

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Christian Archibald Herter (physician)

Christian Archibald Herter (September 3, 1865 – December 5, 1910) was an American physician and pathologist noted for his work on diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

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Christine Mannhalter

Christine Mannhalter is an Austrian molecular biologist and hematologist who is a Professor of Molecular Diagnostics at the Medical University of Vienna.

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Chromatiaceae

The Chromatiaceae are the main family of purple sulfur bacteria.

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Chromatium

Chromatium is a genus of photoautotrophic Gram-negative bacteria which are found in water.

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Chromatium okenii

Chromatium okenii is a Gram-negative bacterium found in water.

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Chromobacterium

Chromobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria.

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Chromobacterium violaceum

Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-sporing coccobacillus.

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Chromoblastomycosis

Chromoblastomycosis (also known as chromomycosis, cladosporiosis, Fonseca's disease, Pedroso's disease, phaeosporotrichosis, or verrucous dermatitis) is a long-term fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (a chronic subcutaneous mycosis).

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Chromohalobacter

Chromohalobacter is a genus of Proteobacteria.

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Chromohalobacter beijerinckii

Chromohalobacter beijerinckii is a motile, rod-like, salt-loving, Gram-negative soil bacterium, 0.4–0.6 μm by 1.8–2.5 μm.

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Chromohalobacter salexigens

Chromohalobacter salexigens is a moderately halophilic species of bacteria.

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Chromomycin A3

Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) or Toyomycin is an anthraquinone antibiotic glycoside produced by the fermentation of a certain strain of Streptomyces griseus (No. 7).

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Chromosome

A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.

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Chronic airway-digestive inflammatory disease

Sinus disease, allergies, and asthma have been shown to be intimately related through recent research.

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Chronic bacterial prostatitis

Chronic bacterial prostatitis is a bacterial infection of the prostate gland.

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Chronic diarrhea of infancy

Chronic diarrhea of infancy, also called toddler's diarrhea, is a common condition typically affecting children between ages 6–30 months, usually resolving by age 4.

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Chronic granulomatous disease

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) (also known as Bridges–Good syndrome, chronic granulomatous disorder, and Quie syndrome) is a diverse group of hereditary diseases in which certain cells of the immune system have difficulty forming the reactive oxygen compounds (most importantly the superoxide radical due to defective phagocyte NADPH oxidase) used to kill certain ingested pathogens.

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Chronic wound

A chronic wound is a wound that does not heal in an orderly set of stages and in a predictable amount of time the way most wounds do; wounds that do not heal within three months are often considered chronic.

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Chronobiology

Chronobiology is a field of biology that examines periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms and their adaptation to solar- and lunar-related rhythms.

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Chroococcaceae

Chroococcaceae is a family of cyanobacteria.

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Chroococcidiopsis

Chroococcidiopsis is one of the most primitive cyanobacteria known.

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Chryseobacterium

Chryseobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Chryseobacterium aahli

Chryseobacterium aahli is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the kidney of the lake trout Salvelinus namaycush.

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Chryseobacterium angstadtii

Chryseobacterium angstadtii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a glass tank which contained several eastern newts (Notophthalmus viridescens).

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Chryseobacterium antarcticum

Chryseobacterium antarcticum is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from soil in the Antarctica.

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Chryseobacterium anthropi

Chryseobacterium anthropi is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium.

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Chryseobacterium aquaticum

Chryseobacterium aquaticum is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium.

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Chryseobacterium aquifrigidense

Chryseobacterium aquifrigidense is a non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a water cooling system in Gwangyang in Korea.

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Chryseobacterium arachidiradicis

Chryseobacterium arachidiradicis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from soil around a peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in Alabama in the United States.

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Chryseobacterium arachidis

Chryseobacterium arachidis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a rhizosphere environment.

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Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae

Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the faeces of the pill millipede Arthrosphaera magna in India.

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Chryseobacterium artocarpi

Chryseobacterium artocarpi is a Gram-negative and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from the tree Artocarpus integer.

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Chryseobacterium balustinum

Chryseobacterium balustinum is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from blood from a fish in Lausanne in Switzerland.

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Chryseobacterium bernardetii

Chryseobacterium bernardetii is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium.

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Chryseobacterium bovis

Chryseobacterium bovis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from raw cow milk in Israel.

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Chryseobacterium caeni

Chryseobacterium caeni is a Gram-negative and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from bioreactor sludge in Daejeon in Korea.

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Chryseobacterium camelliae

Chryseobacterium camelliae is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from green tea in Jangheung-gun in Korea.

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Chryseobacterium carnipullorum

Chryseobacterium carnipullorum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a raw chicken from a poultry processing plant in Bloemfontein in South Africa.

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Chryseobacterium carnis

Chryseobacterium carnis is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium.

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Chryseobacterium chaponense

Chryseobacterium chaponense is a Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the salmon Salmo salar from the Lake Chapo in Chile.

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Chryseobacterium contaminans

Chryseobacterium contaminans is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a rhizosphere contamination from an agar plate in Alabama in the United States.

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Chryseobacterium culicis

Chryseobacterium culicis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the midgut of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Raipur in the Chhattisgarh province in India.

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Chryseobacterium daecheongense

Chryseobacterium daecheongense is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from freshwater lake sediments.

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Chryseobacterium daeguense

Chryseobacterium daeguense is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from wastewater from a textile dye works in Daegu in Korea.

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Chryseobacterium defluvii

Chryseobacterium defluvii is a bacterium.

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Chryseobacterium echinoideorum

Chryseobacterium echinoideorum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a sea urchin (Tripneustes gratilla) on the Penghu Island on Taiwan.

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Chryseobacterium elymi

Chryseobacterium elymi is an bacterial species found in the rhizospheres of coastal sand dune plants.

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Chryseobacterium flavum

Chryseobacterium flavum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from polluted soil in the Jiangsu Province in China.

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Chryseobacterium formosense

Chryseobacterium formosense is a bacterium.

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Chryseobacterium frigidisoli

Chryseobacterium frigidisoli is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, psychrotolerant and aerobic bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the permafrost of a glacier from the Larsemann Hills in the Antarctica.

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Chryseobacterium frigidum

Chryseobacterium frigidum is a Gram-negative, aerobic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from high Arctic tundra soil near Ny-Ålesund in Norway.

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Chryseobacterium gallinarum

Chryseobacterium gallinarum is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the pharyngeal scrape of a chicken in Saxony-Anhalt in Germany.

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Chryseobacterium gambrini

Chryseobacterium gambrini is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from biofilms of a steel surface from a beer bottling plant in Germany.

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Chryseobacterium geocarposphaerae

Chryseobacterium geocarposphaerae is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from soil around peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) in Alabama in the United States.

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Chryseobacterium ginsengisoli

Chryseobacterium ginsengisoli is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the rhizosphere of a ginseng plant.

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Chryseobacterium ginsenosidimutans

Chryseobacterium ginsenosidimutans is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a field with Toxicodendron vernicifluum trees in Okcheon County in Korea.

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Chryseobacterium gleum

Chryseobacterium gleum is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a high vaginal swab from a human in London in England.

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Chryseobacterium greenlandensis

Chryseobacterium greenlandensis is an ultramicrobacteria species of bacteria that is able to live for long periods of time in low-temperature, high-pressure, reduced-oxygen and nutrient-poor habitats.

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Chryseobacterium gregarium

Chryseobacterium gregarium is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from plant material.

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Chryseobacterium gwangjuense

Chryseobacterium gwangjuense is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from soil from the Gwangju province in Korea.

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Chryseobacterium hagamense

Chryseobacterium hagamense is an bacterial species found in the rhizospheres of coastal sand dune plants.

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Chryseobacterium haifense

Chryseobacterium haifense is a psychrotolerant bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from raw milk in Israel.

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Chryseobacterium hispalense

Chryseobacterium hispalense is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a rainwater pond in Spain.

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Chryseobacterium hispanicum

Chryseobacterium hispanicum is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a drinking water distribution system in Sevilla in Spain.

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Chryseobacterium hominis

Chryseobacterium hominis is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from blood from a patient in Belgium and from the fish Arothron hispidus.

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Chryseobacterium humi

Chryseobacterium humi is a bacterium.

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Chryseobacterium hungaricum

Chryseobacterium hungaricum is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from soil which was contaminated with hydrocarbon in Tököl in Hungary.

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Chryseobacterium indologenes

Chryseobacterium indologenes is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a human.

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Chryseobacterium indoltheticum

Chryseobacterium indoltheticum is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from marine mud.

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Chryseobacterium jejuense

Chryseobacterium jejuense is a bacterium.

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Chryseobacterium jeonii

Chryseobacterium jeonii is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from moss from the Antarctica.

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Chryseobacterium joostei

Chryseobacterium joostei is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from raw milk in Ixopo in Kwazulu-Natal in South Africa.

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Chryseobacterium koreense

Chryseobacterium koreense is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from fresh mineral water in Korea.

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Chryseobacterium kwangjuense

Chryseobacterium kwangjuense is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the root of a pepper plant Capsicum annuum in Kwangju in Korea.

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Chryseobacterium lactis

Chryseobacterium lactis is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium.

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Chryseobacterium lathyri

Chryseobacterium lathyri is an bacterial species found in the rhizospheres of coastal sand dune plants.

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Chryseobacterium limigenitum

Chryseobacterium limigenitum is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from dehydrated sludge.

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Chryseobacterium luteum

Chryseobacterium luteum is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from phyllosphere of grasses in Paulinenaue in Brandenburg in Germany.

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Chryseobacterium marinum

Chryseobacterium marinum is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium.

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Chryseobacterium molle

Chryseobacterium molle is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from biofilms of a beer bottling plant in Germany.

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Chryseobacterium nakagawai

Chryseobacterium nakagawai is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium.

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Chryseobacterium oleae

Chryseobacterium oleae is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the rhizosphere of the olive tree Olea europaea in Seville in Spain.

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Chryseobacterium oncorhynchi

Chryseobacterium oncorhynchi is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.

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Chryseobacterium oranimense

Chryseobacterium oranimense is a Gram-negative psychrotolerant, proteolytic, lipolytic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from raw cow’ milk in Israel.

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Chryseobacterium pallidum

Chryseobacterium pallidum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a steel surface from a beer bottling plant in Germany.

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Chryseobacterium palustre

Chryseobacterium palustre is a bacterium.

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Chryseobacterium piperi

Chryseobacterium piperi is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the Loyalsock Creek in Montoursville in the United States.

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Chryseobacterium piscicola

Chryseobacterium piscicola is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motil bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the salmon Salmo salar from the Los Lagos Region in Chile.

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Chryseobacterium piscium

Chryseobacterium piscium is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a fish from the South Atlantic Ocean off the coast of South African.

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Chryseobacterium polytrichastri

Chryseobacterium polytrichastri is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the moss Polytrichastrum formosum from the Gawalong glacier from Tibet in China.

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Chryseobacterium profundimaris

Chryseobacterium profundimaris is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from deep sea sediments from the Atlantic Ocean.

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Chryseobacterium rhizoplanae

Chryseobacterium rhizoplanae is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the rhizoplane environment of a field with maize (Zea mays) in Tallassee in the United States.

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Chryseobacterium rhizosphaerae

Chryseobacterium rhizosphaerae is an bacterial species found in the rhizospheres of coastal sand dune plants.

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Chryseobacterium rigui

Chryseobacterium rigui is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium.

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Chryseobacterium scophthalmum

Chryseobacterium scophthalmum is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the gills of a turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in Scotland.

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Chryseobacterium sediminis

Chryseobacterium sediminis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from river sediments in Guyana.

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Chryseobacterium shandongense

Chryseobacterium shandongense is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from soil.

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Chryseobacterium shigense

Chryseobacterium shigense is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a rainbow trout.

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Chryseobacterium solani

Chryseobacterium solani is a Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from the plant Solanum melongena in Pyeongtaek in Korea.

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Chryseobacterium soldanellicola

Chryseobacterium soldanellicola is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from roots of the plant Calystegia soldanella in Tae-an in Korea.

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Chryseobacterium soli

Chryseobacterium soli is a bacterium.

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Chryseobacterium solincola

Chryseobacterium solincola is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic halotolerant and psychrotolerant bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from soil which was polluted with hydrocarbon in Meftah in Algeria.

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Chryseobacterium taeanense

Chryseobacterium taeanense is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the roots of the plant Elymus mollis near Tae-an in Korea.

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Chryseobacterium taichungense

Chryseobacterium taichungense is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from soil which was contaminated with tar in Taichung in Taiwan.

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Chryseobacterium taihuense

Chryseobacterium taihuense is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the Lake Tai in Wuxi in China.

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Chryseobacterium taiwanense

Chryseobacterium taiwanense is a bacterium.

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Chryseobacterium takakiae

Chryseobacterium takakiae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the moss Takakia lepidozioides from the Gawalong glacier in Tibet in China.

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Chryseobacterium taklimakanense

Chryseobacterium taklimakanense is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium.

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Chryseobacterium treverense

Chryseobacterium treverense is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from human blood in Trier in Germany.

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Chryseobacterium tructae

Chryseobacterium tructae is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.

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Chryseobacterium ureilyticum

Chryseobacterium ureilyticum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a steel surface of a beer bottling plant in Germany.

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Chryseobacterium vietnamense

Chryseobacterium vietnamense is a Gram-negative and strictly aerobic bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from forest soil in Vietnam.

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Chryseobacterium viscerum

Chryseobacterium viscerum is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the gills and livers from rainbow trouts.

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Chryseobacterium vrystaatense

Chryseobacterium vrystaatense is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a raw chicken from a chicken processing plant in Vrystaat in South Africa.

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Chryseobacterium wanjuense

Chryseobacterium wanjuense is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from greenhouse soil, which was cultivated with Lactuca sativa, in the Wanju Province in Korea.

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Chryseobacterium xinjiangense

Chryseobacterium xinjiangense is a bacterium from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from the alpine permafrost from the Tianshan Mountains in China.

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Chryseobacterium yonginense

Chryseobacterium yonginense is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from a mesotrophic artificial lake in Korea.

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Chryseobacterium zeae

Chryseobacterium zeae is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Chryseobacterium which has been isolated from stem from a sweet corn plant (Zea mays) in Macon County in the United States.

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Chryseomicrobium

Chryseomicrobium is a bacteria genus from the family of Planococcaceae.

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Chryseomicrobium amylolyticum

Chryseomicrobium amylolyticum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Chryseomicrobium which has been isolated from semi-arid tropical soil from India.

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Chryseomicrobium aureum

Chryseomicrobium aureum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Chryseomicrobium which has been isolated from activated sludge from a herbicide-manufacturing wastewater treatment plant in Kunshan in China.

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Chryseomicrobium imtechense

Chryseomicrobium imtechense is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Chryseomicrobium which has been isolated from seawater from Bengal in India.

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Chrysiogenaceae

Chrysiogenaceae is a bacterial family.

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Chrysiogenes arsenatis

Chrysiogenes arsenatis is a species of bacterium given its own phylum, called the Chrysiogenetes.

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Chrysopogon zizanioides

Chrysopogon zizanioides, commonly known as vetiver (derived from the Tamil: வெட்டிவேர் veṭṭivēr) is a perennial bunchgrass of the Poaceae family, native to India.

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Chthonomonas calidirosea

Chthonomonas calidirosea is a Gram-negative bacterium and also the first representative of the new class Chthonomonadetes within the phylum Armatimonadetes.

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Chymosin

Chymosin or rennin is a protease found in rennet.

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Cicada

The cicadas are a superfamily, the Cicadoidea, of insects in the order Hemiptera (true bugs).

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Ciceribacter

Ciceribacter is a bacterial genus of the family Rhizobiaceae, with only one known species (Ciceribacter lividus).

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Ciceribacter lividus

Ciceribacter lividus is a nitrogen fixing, Gram-negative, aerobic and motile bacterium from the genus of Ciceribacter which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from the plant Cicer arietinum in Kannivadi in India.

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Cigar

A cigar is a rolled bundle of dried and fermented tobacco leaves made to be smoked.

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Cigarette

A cigarette is a narrow cylinder containing tobacco that is rolled into thin paper for smoking.

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CII protein

cII or transcriptional activator II is a DNA-binding protein and important transcription factor in the life cycle of lambda phage.

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Ciliate

The ciliates are a group of protozoans characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to eukaryotic flagella, but are in general shorter and present in much larger numbers, with a different undulating pattern than flagella.

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Cindy Lee Van Dover

Cindy Lee Van Dover (born 1954) is the Harvey Smith Professor of Biological Oceanography and chair of the Division of Marine Science and Conservation at Duke University.

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Circular bacterial chromosome

A circular bacterial chromosome is a bacterial chromosome in the form of a molecule of circular DNA.

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Circular permutation in proteins

A circular permutation is a relationship between proteins whereby the proteins have a changed order of amino acids in their peptide sequence.

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Circular RNA

Circular RNA (or circRNA) is a type of RNA which, unlike the better known linear RNA, forms a covalently closed continuous loop, i.e., in circular RNA the 3' and 5' ends normally present in an RNA molecule have been joined together.

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Cis-regulatory element

Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) are regions of non-coding DNA which regulate the transcription of neighboring genes.

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Cistern

A cistern (Middle English cisterne, from Latin cisterna, from cista, "box", from Greek κίστη, "basket") is a waterproof receptacle for holding liquids, usually water.

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Citizen science

Citizen science (CS; also known as community science, crowd science, crowd-sourced science, civic science, volunteer monitoring, or networked science) is scientific research conducted, in whole or in part, by amateur (or nonprofessional) scientists.

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Citrate synthase family

In molecular biology, the citrate synthase family of proteins includes the enzymes citrate synthase, and the related enzymes 2-methylcitrate synthase and ATP citrate synthase.

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Citreicella

In taxonomy, Citreicella is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Citrobacter

Citrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative coliform bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family.

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Citrobacter amalonaticus

Citrobacter amalonaticus is a Gram-negative species of bacteria, a known human pathogen: it can cause neonatal meningitis and potentially gastroenteritis.

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Citrobacter braakii

Citrobacter braakii is a Gram-negative species of bacteria.

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Citrobacter farmeri

Citrobacter farmeri is a Gram-negative species of bacteria.

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Citrobacter freundii

Citrobacter freundii is a species of facultative anaerobic gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Citrobacter gillenii

Citrobacter gillenii is a species of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Citrobacter koseri

Citrobacter koseri is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming bacillus.

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Citrobacter murliniae

Citrobacter murliniae is a species of bacteria.

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Citrobacter rodentium

Citrobacter rodentium is a Gram-negative species of bacteria.

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Citrobacter sedlakii

Citrobacter sedlakii is a species of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Citrobacter werkmanii

Citrobacter werkmanii is a Gram-negative species of bacteria.

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Citrobacter youngae

Citrobacter youngae is a Gram-negative species of bacteria.

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Citrus canker

Citrus canker is a disease affecting Citrus species caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis.

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Civil Cooperation Bureau

The South African Civil Cooperation Bureau (CCB) was a government-sponsored death squad during the apartheid era that operated under the authority of Defence Minister General Magnus Malan.

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Clade

A clade (from κλάδος, klados, "branch"), also known as monophyletic group, is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants, and represents a single "branch" on the "tree of life".

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Cladocera

The Cladocera are an order of small crustaceans commonly called water fleas.

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Clarification and stabilization of wine

In winemaking, clarification and stabilization are the processes by which insoluble matter suspended in the wine is removed before bottling.

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Clarithromycin

Clarithromycin, sold under the brand name Biaxin among others, is an antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections.

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Class II bacteriocin

Class II bacteriocins are a class of small peptides that inhibit the growth of various bacteria.

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Claude Ernest Dolman

Claude Ernest Dolman (May 23, 1906 – December 15, 1994) was an English-born Canadian academic and microbiologist.

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Clavibacter michiganensis

Clavibacter michiganensis is an aerobic non-sporulating Gram-positive plant pathogenic actinomycete that currently constitutes the only species within the genus Clavibacter.

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Clavulanic acid

Clavulanic acid is a β-lactam drug that functions as a mechanism-based β-lactamase inhibitor.

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Cleaning agent

Cleaning agents are substances (usually liquids, powders, sprays, or granules) used to remove dirt, including dust, stains, bad smells, and clutter on surfaces.

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Cleanser

A cleanser is a facial care product that is used to remove make-up, dead skin cells, oil, dirt, and other types of pollutants from the skin of the face.

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Clemens von Pirquet

Clemens Peter Freiherr von Pirquet (12 May 187428 February 1929) was an Austrian scientist and pediatrician best known for his contributions to the fields of bacteriology and immunology.

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Clevelandina reticulitermitidis

Clevelandina reticulitermitidis is a species of spirochete that is symbiotic in wood-eating cockroaches and termites, the type species of its genus.

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Climate-friendly gardening

Climate-friendly gardening is gardening in ways which reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from gardens and encourage the absorption of carbon dioxide by soils and plants in order to aid the reduction of global warming.

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Clindamycin

Clindamycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.

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Clinical pathology

Clinical pathology (US, UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, Portugal, Brazil, Italy, Japan, Peru), Laboratory Medicine (Germany, Romania, Poland, Eastern Europe), Clinical analysis (Spain) or Clinical/Medical Biology (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Austria, North and West Africa...), is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids, such as blood, urine, and tissue homogenates or extracts using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology and molecular pathology.

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Clinostomum marginatum

Clinostomum marginatum is a species of parasitic flukes (class Trematoda).

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Cliona viridis

Cliona viridis, commonly called the green boring sponge, is a species of demosponge in the family Clionaidae.

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Cloacibacterium

Cloacibacterium normanense is a bacterium originally found in wastewater in Norman, Oklahoma.

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Cloacin immunity protein

In molecular biology, the cloacin immunity protein inhibits the bacterial polypeptide toxin, cloacin.

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Clofoctol

Clofoctol is a bacteriostatic antibiotic.

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Clonal anergy

Anergy is a term in immunobiology that describes a lack of reaction by the body's defense mechanisms to foreign substances, and consists of a direct induction of peripheral lymphocyte tolerance.

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Clonal colony

A clonal colony or genet is a group of genetically identical individuals, such as plants, fungi, or bacteria, that have grown in a given location, all originating vegetatively, not sexually, from a single ancestor.

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Cloning

Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially.

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Close coupled field technology

Close coupled field technology (CCFT) is an air sterilization process that kills 99.999% of microbes, bacteria (including bacterial endospores), viruses, germs, mold spores, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), fungal air contaminants and chemical agents and their associated odors.

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Clostridia

The Clostridia are a highly polyphyletic class of Firmicutes, including Clostridium and other similar genera.

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Clostridiaceae

The Clostridiaceae are a family of the bacterial class Clostridia, and contain the genus Clostridium.

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Clostridiales-1 RNA motif

The Clostridiales-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics.

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Clostridium

Clostridium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, which includes several significant human pathogens, including the causative agent of botulism and an important cause of diarrhea, Clostridium difficile.

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Clostridium acetobutylicum

Clostridium acetobutylicum, ATCC 824, is a commercially valuable bacterium sometimes called the "Weizmann Organism", after Jewish-Russian-born Chaim Weizmann.

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Clostridium aerotolerans

Clostridium aerotolerans is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium aminophilum

Clostridium aminophilum is a species of gram-positive ammonia-producing ruminal bacteria, with type strain FT.

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Clostridium argentinense

Clostridium argentinense is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium autoethanogenum

Clostridium autoethanogenum is an anaerobic bacterium that produces ethanol from carbon monoxide, in so-called syngas fermentation, being one of the few known microorganisms to do so.

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Clostridium baratii

Clostridium baratii is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium beijerinckii

Clostridium beijerinckii is a gram positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium of the genus Clostridium.

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Clostridium bifermentans

Clostridium bifermentans (CLOBI) is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacterium with the ability to produce the neurotoxin botulinum.

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Clostridium butyricum

Clostridium butyricum is a strictly anaerobic endospore-forming Gram-positive butyric acid producing bacillus subsisting by means of fermentation using an intracellularly accumulated amylopectin-like α-polyglucan (granulose) as a substrate.

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Clostridium cadaveris

Clostridium cadaveris is an enteric, gas-forming, motile, strictly anaerobic gram-positive bacterium of the genus Clostridium.

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Clostridium cellobioparum

Clostridium cellobioparum is a species of anaerobic cellulose-degrading Gram-positive bacterium found in the bovine rumen belonging to the family Clostridiaceae.

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Clostridium cellulolyticum

Clostridium cellulolyticum is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium cellulovorans

Clostridium cellulovorans is an anaerobic, mesophilic, spore-forming cellulolytic bacterium.

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Clostridium chauvoei

Clostridium chauvoei is an anaerobic, motile, Gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium clostridioforme

Clostridium clostridioforme is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium colicanis

Clostridium colicanis is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium difficile (bacteria)

Clostridium difficile (etymology and pronunciation), also known as C. difficile, C. diff, or sometimes CDF/cdf, is a species of Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium.

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Clostridium difficile infection

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI or C-dif) is a symptomatic infection due to the spore-forming bacterium, Clostridium difficile.

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Clostridium enterotoxin

Clostridium enterotoxins are toxins produced by Clostridium species.

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Clostridium estertheticum

Clostridium estertheticum is an anaerobic, psychrophilic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium fallax

Clostridium fallax is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium formicaceticum

Clostridium formicaceticum (alternately spelled Clostridium formicoaceticum) is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium histolyticum

Clostridium histolyticum is a species of bacteria found in feces and the soil.

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Clostridium indolis

Clostridium indolis is a Gram-positive, motile, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that produces terminal spores.

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Clostridium innocuum

Clostridium innocuum (CLOIN) is an anaerobic, non-motile, gram-positive bacterium that reproduces by sporulation.

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Clostridium kluyveri

Clostridium kluyveri (CLOKL) is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium lavalense

Clostridium lavalense is an anaerobic, motile, spore-forming, rod-shaped, gram-positive bacterium first isolated from human feces.

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Clostridium leptum

Clostridium leptum is a bacterium species in the genus Clostridium.

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Clostridium ljungdahlii

Clostridium ljungdahlii is an anaerobic, rod-shaped, motile, endospore-forming, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium novyi

Clostridium novyi (oedematiens) a Gram-positive, endospore- forming, obligate anaerobic bacteria of the class clostridia.

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Clostridium paradoxum

Clostridium paradoxum is a moderately thermophilic anaerobic alkaliphile bacteria.

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Clostridium paraputrificum

Clostridium paraputrificum is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium pasteurianum

Clostridium pasteurianum (previously known as Clostridium pastorianum) is a bacterium discovered in 1890 by the Russian microbiologist Sergei Winogradsky.

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Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium perfringens (formerly known as C. welchii, or Bacillus welchii) is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming pathogenic bacterium of the genus Clostridium.

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Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin

Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin is a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) and is responsible for gas gangrene and myonecrosis in infected tissues.

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Clostridium perfringens beta toxin

Clostridium perfringens beta toxin is one of the four major lethal toxins produced by Clostridium perfringens Type B and Type C strains.

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Clostridium phytofermentans

Clostridium phytofermentans is an obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium piliforme

Clostridium piliforme is an anaerobic, motile, gram-negative bacterium.

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Clostridium ragsdalei

Clostridium ragsdalei is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium ramosum

Clostridium ramosum is an anaerobic, non-motile, thin, spore-forming, gram-positive bacterium that is among the gut flora of humans.

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Clostridium saccharobutylicum

Clostridium saccharobutylicum is an indole and notably acetone, butanol and ethanol-producing bactera, with type strain DSM 13864T (.

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Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum

Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum is an indole and notably butanol-producing bacteria, with type strain N1-4 (HMT) (.

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Clostridium scatologenes

Clostridium scatologenes (CLOSL) is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium scindens

Clostridium scindens is a species of bacteria in the genus Clostridium.

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Clostridium septicum

Clostridium septicum is a gram positive, spore forming, obligate anaerobic bacterium.

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Clostridium sordellii

Clostridium sordellii is a rare anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rod with peritrichous flagella that is capable of causing pneumonia, endocarditis, arthritis, peritonitis, and myonecrosis.

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Clostridium sporogenes

Clostridium sporogenes is a species of Gram-positive bacteria that belongs to the genus Clostridium.

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Clostridium stercorarium

Clostridium stercorarium is a cellulolytic thermophilic bacterium.

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Clostridium sticklandii

Clostridium sticklandii is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium straminisolvens

Clostridium straminisolvens is a moderately thermophilic, aerotolerant and cellulolytic bacterium.

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Clostridium tertium

Clostridium tertium is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium tetani

Clostridium tetani is a rod-shaped, anaerobic species of pathogenic bacteria, of the genus Clostridium.

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Clostridium thermocellum

Clostridium thermocellum is an anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium.

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Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum

Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum (THETR) is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.

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Clostridium tyrobutyricum

Clostridium tyrobutyricum is a rod-shape, gram-positive bacteria that grows under anaerobic condition and produces butyric acid, acetic acid and hydrogen gas as their major fermentation products from glucose and xylose.

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Clostridium uliginosum

Clostridium uliginosum is a mesophilic bacterium oxidizing acetate in syntrophic association with a hydrogenotrophic methanogenic bacterium.

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Clp protease family

In molecular biology, the CLP protease family is a family of serine peptidases belong to the MEROPS peptidase family S14 (ClpP endopeptidase family, clan SK).

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CLPB

Caseinolytic peptidase B protein homolog(CLPB), also known as mitochondrial AAA ATPase chaperonin, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CLPB gene, which encodes an ATP-dependent protease and chaperone.

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Clue cell

Clue cells are epithelial cells of the vagina that get their distinctive stippled appearance by being covered with bacteria.

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CMP-N,N'-diacetyllegionaminic acid synthase

CMP-N,N'-diacetyllegionaminic acid synthase (CMP-N,N'-diacetyllegionaminic acid synthetase, neuA (gene), legF (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name CTP:N,N'-diacetyllegionaminate cytidylyltransferase.

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Cnidaria

Cnidaria is a phylum containing over 10,000 species of animals found exclusively in aquatic (freshwater and marine) environments: they are predominantly marine species.

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CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase

Acetyl-CoA Synthase (ACS), not to be confused with Acetyl-CoA Synthetase or Acetate-CoA Ligase (ADP forming), is a Nickel containing enzyme involved in the metabolic processes of cells.

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Coarse woody debris

Coarse woody debris (CWD) or coarse woody habitat (CWH) refers to fallen dead trees and the remains of large branches on the ground in forests and in rivers or wetlands.

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Cobalamin biosynthesis

In molecular biology, cobalamin biosynthesis is the synthesis of cobalamin (vitamin B12).

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Cobalamin riboswitch

Cobalamin riboswitch is a cis-regulatory element which is widely distributed in 5' untranslated regions of vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) related genes in bacteria.

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Cobalt

Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27.

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Cobetia

Cobetia is a genus of Proteobacteria.

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Cobetia marina

Cobetia marina is a Gram-negative halophilic marine bacterium.

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Coccobacillus

A coccobacillus (plural coccobacilli) is a type of bacterium with a shape intermediate between cocci (spherical bacteria) and bacilli (rod-shaped bacteria).

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Coccoid

Coccoid means shaped like or resembling a coccus, that is, spherical.

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Coccolith

Coccoliths are individual plates of calcium carbonate formed by coccolithophores (single-celled algae such as Emiliania huxleyi) which are arranged around them in a coccosphere.

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Coccolithovirus

Coccolithovirus is a genus of giant double-stranded DNA virus, in the family Phycodnaviridae.

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Coccus

A coccus (plural cocci) is any bacterium or archaeon that has a spherical, ovoid, or generally round shape.

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Cockroach

Cockroaches are insects of the order Blattodea, which also includes termites. About 30 cockroach species out of 4,600 are associated with human habitats. About four species are well known as pests. The cockroaches are an ancient group, dating back at least as far as the Carboniferous period, some 320 million years ago. Those early ancestors however lacked the internal ovipositors of modern roaches. Cockroaches are somewhat generalized insects without special adaptations like the sucking mouthparts of aphids and other true bugs; they have chewing mouthparts and are likely among the most primitive of living neopteran insects. They are common and hardy insects, and can tolerate a wide range of environments from Arctic cold to tropical heat. Tropical cockroaches are often much bigger than temperate species, and, contrary to popular belief, extinct cockroach relatives and 'roachoids' such as the Carboniferous Archimylacris and the Permian Apthoroblattina were not as large as the biggest modern species. Some species, such as the gregarious German cockroach, have an elaborate social structure involving common shelter, social dependence, information transfer and kin recognition. Cockroaches have appeared in human culture since classical antiquity. They are popularly depicted as dirty pests, though the great majority of species are inoffensive and live in a wide range of habitats around the world.

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CodY protein family

In molecular biology, the CodY protein family consists of several bacterial GTP-sensing transcriptional pleiotropic repressor CodY proteins.

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Coelopa frigida

Coelopa frigida is a species of seaweed fly or kelp fly.

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Coelopidae

The Coelopidae or kelp flies are a family of Acalyptratae flies (order Diptera), they are sometimes also called seaweed flies, though both terms are used for a number of seashore Diptera.

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Coelosphaeriaceae

The Coelosphaeriaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Coenonia

Coenonia is a genus of bacteria.

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Coenzyme Q – cytochrome c reductase

The coenzyme Q: cytochrome c – oxidoreductase, sometimes called the cytochrome bc1 complex, and at other times complex III, is the third complex in the electron transport chain, playing a critical role in biochemical generation of ATP (oxidative phosphorylation).

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Coenzyme Q10

Coenzyme Q10, also known as ubiquinone, ubidecarenone, coenzyme Q, and abbreviated at times to CoQ10, CoQ, or Q10 is a coenzyme that is ubiquitous in animals and most bacteria (hence the name ubiquinone).

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Cofactor (biochemistry)

A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's activity.

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Coffee production

Coffee production is the industrial process of converting the raw fruit of the coffee plant into the finished coffee.

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Coffin birth

Coffin birth, also known as postmortem fetal extrusion,Lasso et al. 2009.

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Coginchaug River

The Coginchaug River in Connecticut, with a watershed including 39 sq mi of forests, pastures, farmland, industrial, and commercial areas, is the main tributary of the Mattabesset River.

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Cognitive biology

Cognitive biology is an emerging science that regards natural cognition as a biological function.

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Cohaesibacter

Cohaesibacter is a genus of bacteria from the family of Brucellaceae.

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Cohaesibacter gelatinilyticus

Cohaesibacter gelatinilyticus is a gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Cohaesibacter which was isolated from surface of coastal seawater from the east coast of Korea.

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Cohaesibacter haloalkalitolerans

Cohaesibacter haloalkalitolerans is a bacterium from the genus of Cohaesibacter.

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Cohaesibacter marisflavi

Cohaesibacter marisflavi is a gram-negative, catalase-negative, oxidase-positive rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Cohaesibacter.

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Cohaesibacteraceae

The Cohaesibacteraceae are a family of bacteria.

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Cohesin domain

In molecular biology, the cohesin domain is a protein domain.

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Cohnella hongkongensis

Cohnella hongkongensis, formerly known as Paenibacillus hongkongensis, is a species in the Cohnella genus of bacteria.

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Cohnella thermotolerans

Cohnella thermotolerans is the type species of the Cohnella genus of bacteria.

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Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 142

The coiled-coil domain containing 142 (CCDC142) is a gene which in humans encodes the CCDC142 protein.

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Cold seep

A cold seep (sometimes called a cold vent) is an area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs, often in the form of a brine pool.

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ColE1

ColE1 is a plasmid found in bacteria.

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Coleofasciculaceae

The Coleofasciculaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Coleps

Coleps is a genus of ciliates in the class Prostomatea with barrel-shaped bodies and a test made of biomineralized plates.

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Coliform bacteria

Coliform bacteria are defined as rod-shaped Gram-negative non-spore forming and motile or non-motile bacteria which can ferment lactose with the production of acid and gas when incubated at 35–37°C.

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Coliform index

The coliform index is a rating of the purity of water based on a count of fecal bacteria.

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CollecTF

CollecTF is a database of transcription factor binding sites in the Bacteria domain.

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Collective intelligence

Collective intelligence (CI) is shared or group intelligence that emerges from the collaboration, collective efforts, and competition of many individuals and appears in consensus decision making.

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Colleen Cavanaugh

Colleen Cavanaugh is an American academic microbiologist best known for her studies of hydrothermal vent ecosystems.

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Collenia

Collenia is genus of fossil cyanobacteria that form a particular type of stromatolites.

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Collimonas

Collimonas is a genus of bacteria in the family Oxalobacteraceae.

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Collimonas arenae

Collimonas arenae is a bacterium of the genus Collimonas in the Oxalobacteraceae family which was isolated from seminatural grassland soils on Wadden Island near Terschelling.

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Collimonas fungivorans

Collimonas fungivorans is a species of bacteria in the Oxalobacteraceae family which has antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, for example.

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Collimonas pratensis

Collimonas pratensis is a bacterium of the genus Collimonas in the Oxalobacteraceae family which was isolated with Collimonas arenae from seminatural grassland soils in the Netherlands.

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Collinsella

Collinsella is a genus of Actinobacteria, in the family Coriobacteriaceae.

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Collinsella-1 RNA motif

The Collinsella-1 RNA motif denotes a particular conserved RNA structure discovered by bioinformatics.

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Collodictyonidae

Collodictyonidae (also Diphylleidae) is a group of aquatic, unicellular eukaryotic organisms with two to four terminal flagella.

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Colloidal probe technique

The colloidal probe technique is commonly used to measure interaction forces acting between colloidal particles and/or planar surfaces in air or in solution.

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Colony-forming unit

In microbiology, a colony-forming unit (CFU, cfu, Cfu) is a unit used to estimate the number of viable bacteria or fungal cells in a sample.

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Colorado potato beetle

The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), also known as the Colorado beetle, the ten-striped spearman, the ten-lined potato beetle or the potato bug, is a major pest of potato crops.

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Columnaris

Columnaris (also referred to as cottonmouth) is a symptom of disease in fish which results from an infection caused by the Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium Flavobacterium columnare.

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Colura zoophaga

Colura zoophaga is a species of epiphytic liverwort that is endemic to the African highlands, specifically parts of Kenya.

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Colwellia

Colwellia is a genus of deep-sea psychrophilic, piezophilic, and facultative anaerobic bacteria from the family Colwelliaceae.

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Colwellia demingiae

Colwellia demingiae is a psychrophilic Antarctic bacterial species with the ability to synthesize docosahexaenoic acid.

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Colwellia hornerae

Colwellia hornerae is a psychrophilic Antarctic bacterial species with the ability to synthesize docosahexaenoic acid.

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Colwellia psychrotropica

Colwellia psychrotropica is a psychrophilic Antarctic bacterial species with the ability to synthesize docosahexaenoic acid.

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Colwellia rossensis

Colwellia rossensis is a psychrophilic Antarctic bacterial species with the ability to synthesize docosahexaenoic acid.

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Colwelliaceae

The Colwelliaceae are a family of Proteobacteria.

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Comamonadaceae

The Comamonadaceae are a family of the Betaproteobacteria.

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Comamonas

Comamonas is a genus of Proteobacteria.

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Comamonas acidovorans

Comamonas acidovorans is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Comamonas and family Comamonadaceae.

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Comamonas aquatica

Comamonas aquatica is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-negative, motile bacterium with multitrichous polar flagella from the genus Comamonas and family Comamonadaceae.

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Comamonas badia

Comamonas badia is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, highly motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum from the genus Comamonas and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from activate sludge in Japan.

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Comamonas composti

Comamonas composti is an aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming, weak oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, motile bacterium from the genus Comamonas and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from food waste compost.

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Comamonas denitrificans

Comamonas denitrificans is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile bacterium with a polar flagellum from the genus Comamonas and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from an activated sludge.

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Comamonas granuli

Comamonas granuli is a Gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, nonspore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Comamonas and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from microbial granules.

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Comamonas guangdongensis

Comamonas guangdongensis is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, motile bacterium from the genus Comamonas and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from subterranean forest sediment in Guangdong Province in China.

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Comamonas kerstersii

Comamonas kerstersii is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile bacterium with multitrichous polar flagella from the genus Comamonas and family Comamonadaceae.

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Comamonas koreensis

Comamonas koreensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, nonfermentative bacterium with no flagella from the genus Comamonas, which was isolated from a wetland sample in Woopo in the Republic of Korea.

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Comamonas nitrativorans

Comamonas nitrativorans is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterium from the genus Comamonas, which was isolated from a denitrifying reactor treating landfill leachate.

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Comamonas odontotermitis

Comamonas odontotermitis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, weak oxidase- and catalase-positive, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacterium from the genus of Comamonas, which was isolated from the gut of the termite Coptotermes formosanus.

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Comamonas terrae

Comamonas terrae is a bacterium from the genus Comamonas, which was isolated from agricultural soil in Thailand.

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Comamonas terrigena

Comamonas terrigena is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Comamonas and the family of Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from contaminated soil in Slovakia.

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Comamonas testosteroni

Comamonas testosteroni is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.

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Comamonas thiooxydans

Comamonas thiooxydans is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Comamonas and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from a sulfur spring.

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Comamonas zonglianii

Comamonas zonglianii is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, nonmotile bacterium from the genus Comamonas and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from a phenol-contaminated soil.

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Combined sewer

A combined sewer is a sewage collection system of pipes and tunnels designed to also collect surface runoff.

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Commensalism

Commensalism is a long term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species are neither benefited nor harmed.

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Common descent

Common descent describes how, in evolutionary biology, a group of organisms share a most recent common ancestor.

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Common goldfish

The common goldfish, also known as a feeder goldfish, is a breed of goldfish with no other differences from its ancestor, the Prussian carp, other than its color and shape.

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Common minke whale

The common minke whale or northern minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) is a species of minke whale within the suborder of baleen whales.

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Communication

Communication (from Latin commūnicāre, meaning "to share") is the act of conveying intended meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs and semiotic rules.

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Community-acquired pneumonia

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) refers to pneumonia (any of several lung diseases) contracted by a person with little contact with the healthcare system.

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Comparative medicine

Comparative medicine is a distinct discipline of experimental medicine that uses animal models of human and animal disease in translational and biomedical research.

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Competing endogenous RNA (CeRNA)

In molecular biology, competing endogenous RNAs (abbreviated ceRNAs) regulate other RNA transcripts by competing for shared microRNAs (miRNAs).

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Complement control protein

The complement system distinguishes "self" from "non-self" via a range of specialized cell-surface and soluble proteins.

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Complement system

The complement system is a part of the immune system that enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promotes inflammation, and attacks the pathogen's cell membrane.

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Complete blood count

A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a complete blood cell count, full blood count (FBC), or full blood exam (FBE), is a blood panel requested by a doctor or other medical professional that gives information about the cells in a patient's blood, such as the cell count for each cell type and the concentrations of various proteins and minerals.

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Composition of the human body

Body composition may be analyzed in terms of molecular type e.g., water, protein, connective tissue, fats (or lipids), hydroxylapatite (in bones), carbohydrates (such as glycogen and glucose) and DNA.

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Compost

Compost is organic matter that has been decomposed in a process called composting.

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Composting toilet

A composting toilet is a type of toilet that treats human excreta by a biological process called composting.

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Computational genomics

Computational genomics (often referred to as Computational Genetics) refers to the use of computational and statistical analysis to decipher biology from genome sequences and related data, including both DNA and RNA sequence as well as other "post-genomic" data (i.e., experimental data obtained with technologies that require the genome sequence, such as genomic DNA microarrays).

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Computational phylogenetics

Computational phylogenetics is the application of computational algorithms, methods, and programs to phylogenetic analyses.

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Computational Resource for Drug Discovery

Computational Resources for Drug Discovery (CRDD) is one of the important silico modules of Open Source for Drug Discovery (OSDD).

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Conalbumin

Ovotransferrin (conalbumin) is a glycoprotein of egg white albumen.

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Concretion

A concretion is a hard, compact mass of matter formed by the precipitation of mineral cement within the spaces between particles, and is found in sedimentary rock or soil.

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Condensing osteitis

Condensing osteitis is a periapical inflammatory disease that results from a reaction to a dental related infection.

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Congregibacter litoralis

Congregibacter litoralis KT71 is a gram-negative Gammaproteobacteria part of the NOR5/OM60 Clade discovered in seawater from Heligoland, an island in the North Sea by H. Eilers from the Max Planck Institute for Microbiology.

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Conjugated linoleic acid

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are a family of at least 28 isomers of linoleic acid found mostly in the meat and dairy products derived from ruminants.

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Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station

The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) is the Connecticut state government's agricultural experiment station, a state government component that engages in scientific research and public outreach in agriculture and related fields.

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Conservancy fairy shrimp

The conservancy fairy shrimp (Branchinecta conservatio) is a small crustacean in the family Branchinectidae.

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Conserved sequence

In evolutionary biology, conserved sequences are similar or identical sequences in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) or proteins across species (orthologous sequences) or within a genome (paralogous sequences).

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Consorms

A bacterial consorm or bacterial community is a group of different types of bacteria - within a biomass - that summatively act as a unit, with each type of bacteria contributing to the function of the consorm (community).

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Constructed wetland

A constructed wetland (CW) is an artificial wetland to treat municipal or industrial wastewater, greywater or stormwater runoff.

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Consumer (food chain)

Consumers are organisms that eat organisms from a different population. These organisms are formally referred to as heterotrophs, which include animals, some bacteria and fungi.

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Contact lens

A contact lens, or simply contact, is a thin lens placed directly on the surface of the eye.

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Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP - also known as lung plague), is a contagious bacterial disease that afflicts the lungs of cattle, buffalo, zebu, and yaks.

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Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a cause of major economic losses to goat producers in Africa, Asia and the Middle East.

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Convention on Biological Diversity

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is a multilateral treaty.

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Cookiecutter shark

The cookiecutter shark (Isistius brasiliensis), also called the cigar shark, is a species of small dogfish shark in the family Dalatiidae.

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CopA-like RNA

CopA-like RNA is a family of non-coding RNAs found on the R1 plasmid.

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Copper alloys in aquaculture

Copper alloys are important netting materials in aquaculture (the farming of aquatic organisms including fish farming).

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Copper in architecture

Copper has earned a respected place in the related fields of architecture, building construction, and interior design.

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Copper in heat exchangers

Heat exchangers are devices that transfer heat in order to achieve desired heating or cooling.

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Copper zinc water filtration

Copper zinc water filtration is a high-purity brass water filtration process that relies on the redox potential of dissolved oxygen in water in the presence of a zinc anode and copper cathode.

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Coprobacillus

Coprobacillus is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic and non-motile genus from the family of Erysipelotrichidae, with one known species (Coprobacillus cateniformis).

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Coprobacillus cateniformis

Coprobacillus cateniformis is a bacterium from the genus of Coprobacillus which has been isolated from human feces in Japan.

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Coprococcus

Coprococcus is a genus of anaerobic cocci which are part of the human faecal flora.

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Coprococcus eutactus

Coprococcus (ATCC 27759) is a genus of anaerobic cocci which are all part of the human faecal flora, but rarely seen in human clinical specimens.

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Coprophagia

Coprophagia or coprophagy is the consumption of feces.

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Coprothermobacter proteolyticus

Coprothermobacter proteolyticus, formerly Thermobacteroides proteolyticus, is a thermophilic, nonsporeforming bacteria.

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Coral bleaching

Coral bleaching occurs when coral polyps expel algae that live inside their tissues.

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Coriobacteriaceae

The Coriobacteriaceae are a family of Actinobacteria, given their own subclass (Coriobacteridae).

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Coriobacteriia

The Coriobacteriia are a class of Gram-positive bacteria within the Actinobacteria phylum.

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Coriobacterium

Coriobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteria, in the family Coriobacteriaceae.

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Corn crake

The corn crake, corncrake or landrail (Crex crex) is a bird in the rail family.

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Corn syrup

Corn syrup is a food syrup which is made from the starch of corn (called maize in some countries) and contains varying amounts of maltose and higher oligosaccharides, depending on the grade.

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Corneal epithelium

The corneal epithelium (epithelium corneæ anterior layer) is made up of epithelial tissue and covers the front of the cornea.

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Corneal ulcer

Corneal ulcer, or ulcerative keratitis, is an inflammatory or more seriously, infective condition of the cornea involving disruption of its epithelial layer with involvement of the corneal stroma.

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Corneal ulcers in animals

A corneal ulcer, or ulcerative keratitis, is an inflammatory condition of the cornea involving loss of its outer layer.

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Corticovirus

Corticovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Corticoviridae.

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Corynebacterineae

The Corynebacterineae comprise a suborder of the Actinomycetales and include most of the acid-fast bacteria.

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Corynebacterium

Corynebacterium is a genus of bacteria that are Gram-positive and aerobic.

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Corynebacterium amycolatum

Corynebacterium amycolatum is a Gram-positive, nonspore-forming, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacillus capable of fermentation with propionic acid as the major end product of its glucose metabolism.

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Corynebacterium bovis

Corynebacterium bovis is a pathogenic bacterium that causes mastitis and pyelonephritis in cattle.

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Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the pathogenic bacterium that causes diphtheria.

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Corynebacterium efficiens

Corynebacterium efficiens is a thermotolerant, glutamic acid-producing (from dextrin) species of bacteria from soil and vegetables.

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Corynebacterium glutamicum

Corynebacterium glutamicum (previously known as Micrococcus glutamicus) is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is used industrially for large-scale production of amino acids.

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Corynebacterium granulosum

Corynebacterium granulosum is a bacterium that may stimulate the immune system to fight cancer.

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Corynebacterium jeikeium

Corynebacterium jeikeium is a rod-shaped, catalase-positive, aerobic species of actinobacteria in the genus Corynebacterium.

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Corynebacterium macginleyi

Corynebacterium macginleyi is a species of bacteria with type strain JCL-2 (CIP 104099).

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Corynebacterium matruchotii

Corynebacterium matruchotii is a species of bacteria in the genus Corynebacterium.

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Corynebacterium minutissimum

Corynebacterium minutissimum is a species of Corynebacterium associated with erythrasma, a type of skin rash.

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Corynebacterium renale

Corynebacterium renale is a pathogenic bacterium that causes cystitis and pyelonephritis in cattle.

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Corynebacterium ulcerans

Corynebacterium ulcerans is a rod-shaped, aerobic, and gram-positive bacteria.

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Corynebacterium urealyticum

Corynebacterium urealyticum is a bacterial species of the Corynebacterium genus.

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Corynebacterium uropygiale

Corynebacterium uropygiale is a bacterium described in 2016 following thorough investigations using a polyphasic approach including MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, phylogeny of 16S rRNA and rpoB genes and DNA fingerprinting.

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Cosmetic packaging

The term cosmetic packaging is used for cosmetic containers (primary packaging) and secondary packaging of cosmetic products.

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Cospeciation

Cospeciation is a form of coevolution in which the speciation of one species dictates speciation of another species and is most commonly studied in host-parasite relationships.

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Cotransformation

Cotransformation is the simultaneous transformation of two or more genes.

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Cotton

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.

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Cough

A cough is a sudden and often repetitively occurring, protective reflex, which helps to clear the large breathing passages from fluids, irritants, foreign particles and microbes.

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Coulter counter

A Coulter counter is an apparatus for counting and sizing particles suspended in electrolytes.

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Coumestrol

Coumestrol is a natural organic compound in the class of phytochemicals known as coumestans.

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Counter-illumination

Counter-illumination is a method of active camouflage seen in marine animals such as firefly squid and midshipman fish, and in military prototypes, producing light to match their backgrounds in both brightness and wavelength.

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Coxiella (bacterium)

Coxiella refers to a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Coxiellaceae.

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Coxiella burnetii

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen, and is the causative agent of Q fever.

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Coxiellaceae

The Coxiellaceae are a family in the order Legionellales.

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CPS operon

The capsule biosynthesis, or CPS operon is a section of the genome present in some Escherichia coli which regulates the production of polysaccharides which make up the bacterial capsule.

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Crab

Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (abdomen) (translit.

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Crabtreella

Crabtreella is a genus of bacteria from the family of Brucellaceae.

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Crabtreella saccharophila

Crabtreella saccharophila is a bacterium of the genus Crabtreella.

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Cragie tube

The Cragie tube or Craigie tube is a method used in microbiology for determining bacterial motility.

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Cray Reservoir

Cray Reservoir is a storage reservoir located in the Brecon Beacons National Park for the water supply to the city of Swansea in South Wales and was built between 1898 and 1906 by Swansea Corporation.

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CrcB RNA motif

The crcB RNA motif (now called the fluoride riboswitch) is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics in a wide variety of bacteria and archaea.

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CrcZ

CrcZ is a small RNA found in Pseudomonas bacteria, which acts as a global regulator of carbon catabolite repression.

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Cream

Cream is a dairy product composed of the higher-butterfat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization.

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Crenotrichaceae

The family Crenotrichaceae is composed of four genera of environmental bacteria.

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Crescentin

Crescentin is a protein which is a bacterial relative of the intermediate filaments found in eukaryotic cells.

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Crex

Crex is a small genus of birds in the rail family.

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Crinalium epipsammum

Crinalium epipsammum is a filamentous, non-heterocystous, terrestrial cyanobacterium.

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CRISPR interference

CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) is a genetic perturbation technique that allows for sequence-specific repression or activation of gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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CRISPR/Cas Tools

This page describes a list of software platforms and bioinformatics tools built to facilitate the design of guide RNAs (gRNAs) for use with the CRISPR/Cas system.

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Cristispira

Cristispira is a genus of bacteria of the spirochete phylum.

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CRM domain

In molecular biology, the CRM domain is an approximately 100-amino acid RNA-binding domain.

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Croceibacter

Croceibacter is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria).

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Croceicoccus

Croceicoccus is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Croceitalea

Croceitalea is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria).

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Crocinitomix

Crocinitomix is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria).

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Crocosphaera watsonii

Crocosphaera watsonii (strain WH8501) is an isolate of a species of unicellular (2.5-6 µm diameter), diazotrophic marine cyanobacteria which represent less than 0.1% of the marine microbial population.

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Cronobacter

Cronobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Cronobacter dublinensis

Cronobacter dublinensis is a bacterium.

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Cronobacter malonaticus

Cronobacter malonaticus, formerly considered a subspecies of Cronobacter sakazakii, is a bacterium.

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Cronobacter muytjensii

Cronobacter muytjensii is a bacterium.

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Cronobacter sakazakii

Cronobacter sakazakii, which before 2007 was named Enterobacter sakazakii, is an opportunistic Gram-negative, rod-shaped, pathogenic bacterium that can live in very dry places.

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Cronobacter turicensis

Cronobacter turicensis is a bacterium.

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Crop diversity

Crop diversity is the variance in genetic and phenotypic characteristics of plants used in agriculture.

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Crop rotation

Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons.

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Cross-presentation

Cross-presentation is the ability of certain antigen-presenting cells to take up, process and present extracellular antigens with MHC class I molecules to CD8 T cells (cytotoxic T cells).

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Cross-species transmission

Cross-species transmission, (CST) or spillover, is the ability for a foreign virus, once introduced into an individual of a new host species, to infect that individual and spread throughout a new host population.

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Crossiella

Crossiella is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Crp domain

In molecular biology, the CRP domain is a protein domain consisting of a helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif.

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Cryobacterium

Cryobacterium is a Gram-positive and strictly aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Microbacteriaceae.

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Cryobacterium psychrophilum

Cryobacterium psychrophilum is the type species of the Cryobacterium genus of bacteria.

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Cryomorpha

Cryomorpha is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria).

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Cryomorphaceae

The Cryomorphaceae are a family of bacteria in the order of Flavobacteriales which occur in marine habitats.

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Cryptanaerobacter

Cryptanaerobacter is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).

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Cryptanaerobacter phenolicus

Cryptanaerobacter phenolicus is a gram-positive anaerobic bacterial species in the genus Cryptanaerobacter.

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Cryptobacterium

Cryptobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteria, in the family Coriobacteriaceae.

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Cryptobacterium curtum

Cryptobacterium curtum is a Gram-positive anaerobic rod bacteria isolated from human mouths.

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Cryptogam

A cryptogam (scientific name Cryptogamae) is a plant (in the wide sense of the word) that reproduces by spores, without flowers or seeds.

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Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) also known as bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP, not to be confused with bronchiolitis obliterans) is a form of non-infectious pneumonia; more specifically, COP is an inflammation of the bronchioles (bronchiolitis) and surrounding tissue in the lungs.

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Cryptosporangiaceae

The Cryptosporangiaceae are an actinomycete family within the highly polyphyletic suborder Frankineae.

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Cryptosporangium

Cryptosporangium is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Cryptosporangium aurantiacum

Cryptosporangium aurantiacum is a bacterium.

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CsrB/RsmB RNA family

The CsrB RNA is a non-coding RNA that binds to approximately 9 to 10 dimers of the CsrA protein.

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CsrC RNA family

The 245 nucleotide sRNA of Escherichia coli, CsrC, was discovered using a genetic screen for factors that regulate glycogen biosynthesis.

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CtRNA

In molecular biology ctRNA (counter-transcribed RNA) is a plasmid encoded noncoding RNA that binds to the mRNA of repB and causes translational inhibition.

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Cuba

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos.

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Cucumibacter

Cucumibacter is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Cucumibacter marinus

Cucumibacter marinus is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Cucumibacter which was isolated from coastal seawater from the Sea of Japan from near the city Busan in Korea.

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Culture shock

Culture shock is an experience a person may have when one moves to a cultural environment which is different from one's own; it is also the personal disorientation a person may feel when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life due to immigration or a visit to a new country, a move between social environments, or simply transition to another type of life.

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Cunnilingus

Cunnilingus is an oral sex act performed by a person on a female's genitalia (the clitoris, other parts of the vulva or the vagina).

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Cupriavidus

Cupriavidus is a genus of bacteria that includes the former genus Wautersia.

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Cupriavidus alkaliphilus

Cupriavidus alkaliphilus is a bacterium of the genus Cupriavidus and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from the rhizosphere of agricultural plants which grow on alkaline soils in northeast Mexico.

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Cupriavidus basilensis

Cupriavidus basilensis is a gram-negative soil bacterium of the genus Cupriavidus and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Cupriavidus campinensis

Cupriavidus campinensis is a gram-negative soil bacterium of the genus Cupriavidus and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated in northeast Belgium.

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Cupriavidus gilardii

Cupriavidus gilardii is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, oxidase-positive bacterium from the genus Cupriavidus and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Cupriavidus laharis

Cupriavidus laharis is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, hydrogen-oxidizing, aerobic, nonspore-forming, motile bacterium with peritrichous flagella of the genus Cupriavidus and family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from volcanic mudflow deposits on Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines.

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Cupriavidus metallidurans

Cupriavidus metallidurans strain CH34 (renamed from Ralstonia metallidurans and previously known as Ralstonia eutropha and Alcaligenes eutrophus) is a nonspore-forming, Gram-negative bacterium which is adapted to survive several forms of heavy metal stress.

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Cupriavidus necator

Cupriavidus necator is a Gram-negative soil bacterium of the class Betaproteobacteria.

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Cupriavidus numazuensis

Cupriavidus numazuensis is a bacterium of the genus Cupriavidus and family Burkholderiaceae.

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Cupriavidus oxalaticus

Cupriavidus oxalaticus is a genus of bacteria that includes the former genus Wautersia.

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Cupriavidus pampae

Cupriavidus pampae is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic, nonspore-forming, motile bacterium of the genus Cupriavidus and family Burkholderiaceae, which was isolated from the agricultural soil of the humid pampa region in Argentina.

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Cupriavidus pauculus

Cupriavidus pauculus is a Gram-negative, nonfermentative, motile bacterium of the genus Cupriavidus and family Burkholderiaceae isolated from water from ultrafiltration systems and bottled mineral water.

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Cupriavidus pinatubonensis

Cupriavidus pinatubonensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic nonspore-forming, motile bacterium of the genus Cupriavidus and family Burkholderiaceae, isolated with Cupriavidus laharis together from volcanic mudflow deposits on Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines.

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Cupriavidus respiraculi

Cupriavidus respiraculi is a Gram-negative, nonfermenting bacterium of the genus Cupriavidus and family Burkholderiaceae.

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Cupriavidus taiwanensis

Cupriavidus taiwanensis is a Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing bacterium of the genus Cupriavidus and family Burkholderiaceae, which forms indeterminate nodules on Mimosa pudica.

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Curdlan

Curdlan is a linear beta-1,3-glucan, a high-molecular-weight polymer of glucose.

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Cured fish

Cured fish refers to fish which has been cured by subjecting it to fermentation, pickling, smoking, or some combination of these before it is eaten.

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Curing (food preservation)

Curing is any of various food preservation and flavoring processes of foods such as meat, fish and vegetables, by the addition of combinations of salt, nitrates, nitrites,.

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Curing salt

Curing salts are used in food preservation to prevent or slow spoilage by bacteria or fungus.

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Curium

Curium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Cm and atomic number 96.

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Curtobacterium

Curtobacterium is a genus of bacteria of the order Actinomycetales.

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Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens

Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes disease on a variety of plants.

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Curvibacter

Curvibacter is a genus of comamonad bacteria.

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Curvibacter delicatus

Curvibacter delicatus is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Curvibacter and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from well water.

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Curvibacter fontanus

Curvibacter fontanus is a bacterium from the genus Curvibacter and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from well water.

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Curvibacter gracilis

Curvibacter gracilis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Curvibacter and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from well water.

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Curvibacter lanceolatus

Curvibacter lanceolatus is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, nonspore-forming bacterium from the genus Curvibacter and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from well water.

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Cut flowers

Cut flowers are flowers or flower buds (often with some stem and leaf) that have been cut from the plant bearing it.

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Cutaneous actinomycosis

Cutaneous actinomycosis is a chronic disease that affects the deep subcutaneous tissue of the skin.

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Cutaneous Streptococcus iniae infection

Cutaneous Streptococcus iniae infections cause a cellulitis of the hands, usually after a person handles tilapia, as this bacterium is a fish pathogen.

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Cutting fluid

Cutting fluid is a type of coolant and lubricant designed specifically for metalworking processes, such as machining and stamping.

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Cyanase

In molecular biology, cyanase (also known as cyanate hydratase or cyanate lyase) is an enzyme which catalyses the bicarbonate dependent metabolism of cyanate to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide.

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Cyanide

A cyanide is a chemical compound that contains the group C≡N.

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Cyano-2 RNA motif

The Cyano-2 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics.

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Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria, also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis, and are the only photosynthetic prokaryotes able to produce oxygen.

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Cyanobacterium (genus)

Cyanobacterium is a genus of cyanobacteria.

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Cyanonephron

Cyanonephron is a genus of cyanobacteria in the family Synechococcaceae.

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Cyanonephron elegans

Cyanonephron elegans is a freshwater species of cyanobacteria in the family Synechococcaceae.

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Cyanothece

Cyanothece is a genus of unicellular, diazotrophic, oxygenic photosynthesizing cyanobacteria.

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Cyanotoxin

Cyanotoxins are toxins produced by bacteria called cyanobacteria (also known as blue-green algae).

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CyberCell

The CyberCell Database (CCDB) is a freely available, web-accessible database that provides quantitative genomic, proteomic as well metabolomic data on Escherichia coli.

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Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger important in many biological processes.

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Cyclic di-AMP

Cyclic di-AMP (also called c-di-AMP and c-di-adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger used in signal transduction in bacteria.

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Cyclic di-GMP

Cyclic di-GMP (also called cyclic diguanylate and c-di-GMP) is a second messenger used in signal transduction in a wide variety of bacteria.

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Cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitch

Cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches are a class of riboswitch that specifically bind cyclic di-GMP, which is a second messenger that is used in a variety of microbial processes including virulence, motility and biofilm formation.

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Cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitch

Cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitches (also c-di-GMP-II riboswitches) form a class of riboswitches that specifically bind cyclic di-GMP, a second messenger used in multiple bacterial processes such as virulence, motility and biofilm formation.

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Cyclic nucleotide

A cyclic nucleotide (cNMP) is a single-phosphate nucleotide with a cyclic bond arrangement between the sugar and phosphate groups.

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Cyclic nucleotide–gated ion channel

Cyclic nucleotide–gated ion channels or CNG channels are ion channels that function in response to the binding of cyclic nucleotides.

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Cyclobacterium

Cyclobacterium is a mesophilic, neutrophilic, chemoorganotrophic and aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Cytophagaceae.

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Cyclobacterium amurskyense

Cyclobacterium amurskyense is a heterotrophic, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Cyclobacterium which has been isolated from sea water.

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Cyclobacterium caenipelagi

Cyclobacterium caenipelagi is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Cyclobacterium which has been isolated from tidal flat sediments in Korea.

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Cyclobacterium halophilum

Cyclobacterium halophilum is a Gram-negative, slightly halophilic, horseshoe-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Cyclobacterium which has been isolated soil from the coastal-marine wetland of Gomishan in Iran.

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Cyclobacterium jeungdonense

Cyclobacterium jeungdonense is a horseshoe-shaped bacterium from the genus of Cyclobacterium which has been in Korea.

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Cyclobacterium lianum

Cyclobacterium lianum is a horseshoe-shaped, heterotrophic, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Cyclobacterium which has been isolated from sediments from the Xijiang oilfield of the South China Sea in China.

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Cyclobacterium marinum

Cyclobacterium marinum is a bacterium from the genus of Cyclobacterium which has been isolated from coelomic fluid of a sand dollar from the Newport Beach in the United States.

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Cyclobacterium qasimii

Cyclobacterium qasimii is a horseshoe-shaped, psychrotolerant and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Cyclobacterium which has been isolated from marine sediments from Kongsfjorden in Svalbard.

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Cyclobacterium xiamenense

Cyclobacterium xiamenense is a horseshoe-shaped, Gram-negative and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Cyclobacterium which has been isolated from the alga Chlorella autotrophica from the coastal sea of Xiamen in China.

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Cycloclasticus

Cycloclasticus is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Cycloclasticus pugetii

Cycloclasticus pugetii is a species of bacteria, named in honor of Peter Puget.

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Cyclodeaminase domain

In molecular biology, enzymes containing the cyclodeaminase domain function in channeling one-carbon units to the folate pool.

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Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase

Cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase (also Cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase or Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase) or CGTase for short is a bacterial enzyme belonging to the same family of the α-amylase specifically known as glycosyl-hydrolase family 13.

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Cylindrospermopsis

Cylindrospermopsis is a planktonic genus of filamentous cyanobacteria known for its blooms in eutrophic waters.

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Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is a freshwater cyanobacterium.

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Cylindrospermum

Cylindrospermum is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria found in terrestrial and aquatic environments.

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Cystathionine beta-lyase

Cystathionine beta-lyase, also commonly referred to as CBL or β-cystathionase, is an enzyme that primarily catalyzes the following α,β-elimination reaction Thus, the substrate of this enzyme is L-cystathionine, whereas its 3 products are homocysteine, pyruvate, and ammonia.

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Cystathionine gamma-lyase

Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH or CSE; also cystathionase) is an enzyme which breaks down cystathionine into cysteine, α-ketobutyrate, and ammonia.

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Cysteine

Cysteine (symbol Cys or C) is a semi-essential proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2SH.

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Cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs, but also the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and intestine.

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Cystobacter

Cystobacter is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Cystobacterineae

Cystobacterineae is a bacterium sub order Myxococcales.

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Cytochrome c oxidase

The enzyme cytochrome c oxidase or Complex IV, is a large transmembrane protein complex found in bacteria, archaea, and in eukaryotes in their mitochondria.

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Cytochrome d

Cytochrome d is a protein that belongs to the Cytochrome family (electron-transporting proteins).

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Cytochrome P450

Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are proteins of the superfamily containing heme as a cofactor and, therefore, are hemoproteins.

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Cytolysin

Cytolysin refers to the substance secreted by microorganisms, plants or animals that is specifically toxic to individual cells, in many cases causing their dissolution through lysis.

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Cytophaga

Cytophaga is a genus of Gram-negative, gliding, rod-shaped bacteria.

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Cytophagaceae

The family Cytophagaceae is composed of eleven genera of environmental bacteria.

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Cytoplasm

In cell biology, the cytoplasm is the material within a living cell, excluding the cell nucleus.

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Cytoskeleton

A cytoskeleton is present in all cells of all domains of life (archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes).

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Cytosol

The cytosol, also known as intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix, is the liquid found inside cells.

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Cytotoxic necrotising factor family

In molecular biology, the cytotoxic necrotising factor family of proteins includes bacterial cytotoxic necrotising factor proteins and the related dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) from Bordetella species.

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D'Orbigny's slider

D'Orbigny's slider or the black-bellied slider (Trachemys dorbigni), commonly known in Brazil as tartaruga-tigre or tartaruga-tigre-d'água (which means tiger turtle and water tiger turtle in Portuguese), is a species of water turtle in the family Emydidae.

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D-amino acid dehydrogenase

D-amino-acid dehydrogenase (EC) is a bacterial enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of D-amino acids into their corresponding oxoacids.

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D-loop

In molecular biology, a displacement loop or D-loop is a DNA structure where the two strands of a double-stranded DNA molecule are separated for a stretch and held apart by a third strand of DNA.

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D-loop replication

D-loop replication is a proposed process by which circular DNA like chloroplasts and mitochondria replicate their genetic material.

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Dacryoadenitis

Dacryoadenitis is inflammation of the lacrimal glands (the tear-producing glands).

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Dactinomycin

Dactinomycin, also known as actinomycin D, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer.

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Dactylosporangium

Dactylosporangium is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Daeguia

Daeguia is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Daeguia caeni

Daeguia caeni is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Daeguia which was isolated from sludge of a textile dye works in Daegu in Korea.

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Dairy product

Dairy products, milk products or lacticinia are a type of food produced from or containing the milk of mammals, primarily cattle, water buffaloes, goats, sheep, camels, and humans.

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Dam methylase

DAM methylase, an abbreviation for Deoxyadenosine methylase, is an enzyme that adds a methyl group to the adenine of the sequence 5'-GATC-3' in newly synthesized DNA.

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Danaus chrysippus

Danaus chrysippus, also known as the plain tiger or African queen, is a medium-sized butterfly widespread in Asia, Australia and Africa.

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Danaus dorippus

Danaus dorippus, the dorippus tiger, is a butterfly belonging to the danaine group of the brush-footed butterflies family.

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Danger model

The Danger model is a theory of how the immune system works.

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Danger zone (food safety)

The temperature range in which food-borne bacteria can grow is known as the danger zone.

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Daniel E. Koshland Jr.

Daniel Edward Koshland Jr. (March 30, 1920July 23, 2007) was an American biochemist.

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Danimer Scientific

Danimer Scientific, formerly known as Meredian Holdings Group Inc. and MHG, is a biopolymer manufacturer headquartered in Bainbridge, Georgia.

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Daphnia

Daphnia, a genus of small planktonic crustaceans, are in length.

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Daphnia lumholtzi

Daphnia lumholtzi is a species of small, invasive water fleas that originates in the tropical and subtropical lakes of Africa, Asia, and Australia.

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Daphnia magna

Daphnia magna is a small planktonic crustacean (adult length 1.5–5 mm) that belongs to the subclass Phyllopoda.

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DAPI

DAPI, or 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, is a fluorescent stain that binds strongly to adenine–thymine rich regions in DNA.

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Dapsone

Dapsone, also known as diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), is an antibiotic commonly used in combination with rifampicin and clofazimine for the treatment of leprosy.

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Dark fermentation

Dark fermentation is the fermentative conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen.

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Dasania

Dasania is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Database for bacterial group II introns

The Database for Bacterial Group II Introns is a repository of full-length, non-redundant group II introns present in bacterial DNA sequence.

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David Bruce (microbiologist)

Major-General Sir David Bruce (29 May 1855 in Melbourne – 27 November 1931 in London) was a Scottish pathologist and microbiologist who investigated Malta fever (later called brucellosis in his honour) and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in animals).

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Dead sand

Dead sand, in the aquarium trade, refers to sand that has not been populated by beneficial bacteria and other organisms, unlike live sand.

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Death

Death is the cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism.

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Deception in animals

Deception in animals is the transmission of misinformation by one animal to another, of the same or different species, in a way that propagates beliefs that are not true.

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Dechloromonas

Dechloromonas is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Dechloromonas agitata strain CKB

Dechloromonas agitata strain CKB is a dissimilatory perchlorate reducing bacterium (DRPB) that was isolated from paper mill waste.

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Dechloromonas aromatica

Dechloromonas aromatica is a gram negative, facultative anaerobe bacterium from the genus of Dechloromonas which was isolated of the Potomac River sludge in the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States and occurs in environment soil.

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Dechloromonas denitrificans

Dechloromonas denitrificans is a gram negative, N2O-producing motile bacterium with a polar flagellum from the genus of Dechloromonas which was isolated from the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa.

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Dechloromonas hortensis

Dechloromonas hortensis is a gram negative, facultatively anaerobic, (per)chlorate-reducing, motile bacterium from the genus of Dechloromonas.

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Decomposer

Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, and in doing so, they carry out the natural process of decomposition.

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Decomposition

Decomposition is the process by which organic substances are broken down into simpler organic matter.

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Deefgea

Deefgea is a genus of bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria.

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Deep litter

Deep litter is an animal housing system, based on the repeated spreading of straw or sawdust material in indoor booths.

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Deep sand bed

A deep sand bed is, by Ronald L Shimek, PhD, in Reefkeeping online magazine a filtration method used in some saltwater aquariums.

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Deep-sea wood

Far from the most common energy supply, the sun, and from many nutrient supplies closely tied to the surface, the deep sea is still home to a unique ecosystem.

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DEFA4

Defensin, alpha 4 (DEFA4), also known as neutrophil defensin 4 or HNP4, is a human defensin peptide that is encoded by the DEFA4 gene.

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DEFA6

Defensin, alpha 6 (DEFA6) also known as human alpha defensin 6 (HD6) is a human protein that is encoded by the DEFA6 gene.

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Defensin

Defensins are small cysteine-rich cationic proteins found in both vertebrates and invertebrates.

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Deferribacter

Deferribacter is a genus in the phylum Deferribacteres (Bacteria).

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Deferribacter autotrophicus

Deferribacter autotrophicus is an iron-reducing bacteria.

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Deferribacter desulfuricans

Deferribacter desulfuricans is a species of sulfur-, nitrate- and arsenate-reducing thermophile first isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent.

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Deferribacter thermophilus

Deferribacter thermophilus is an iron-reducing bacteria.

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Deferribacteraceae

The Deferribacteraceae are a family of gram-negative bacteria which make energy by anaerobic respiration.

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Defluvibacter

The only species of Defluvibacter, Defluvibacter lusatiensis was transferred to Aquamicrobium lusatiense.

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Defluviicoccus

Defluviicoccus is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Defoamer

A defoamer or an anti-foaming agent is a chemical additive that reduces and hinders the formation of foam in industrial process liquids.

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Degradosome

The degradosome is a multiprotein complex present in most bacteria that is involved in the processing of ribosomal RNA and the degradation of messenger RNA and is regulated by Non-coding RNA.

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Dehalobacter

Dehalobacter is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).

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Dehalobacter restrictus

Dehalobacter restrictus is a species of bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes.

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Dehalococcoides

Dehalococcoides is a genus of bacteria within class Dehalococcoidia that obtain energy via the oxidation of hydrogen and subsequent reductive dehalogenation of halogenated organic compounds in a mode of anaerobic respiration called organohalide respiration.

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Dehalococcoidetes

Dehalococcoides is a class of Chloroflexi, a phylum of Bacteria.

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Dehalogenimonas

Dehalogenimonas is a genus in the phylum Chloroflexi (Bacteria).

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Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens

Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens is an anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria in the phylum Chloroflexi isolated from a Superfund site in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

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Deinobacterium

Deinobacterium is a genus in the Deinococcus-Thermus group (Bacteria).

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Deinococcus

Deinococcus (from the δεινός, deinos, "dreadful, strange" and κόκκος, kókkos, "granule") is one genus of three in the Deinococcales group of the Deinococcus-Thermus phylum of bacteria highly resistant to environmental hazards.

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Deinococcus apachensis

Deinococcus apachensis is a species of bacteria in the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus.

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Deinococcus deserti

Deinococcus deserti is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that belongs to the Deinococcaceae, a group of extremely radiotolerant bacteria.

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Deinococcus ficus

Deinococcus ficus strain CC-FR2-10T is a recently discovered gram-positive bacteria which plays a role in the production of nitrogen fertilizer.

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Deinococcus frigens

Deinococcus frigens is a species of low temperature and drought-tolerating, UV-resistant bacteria from Antarctica.

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Deinococcus geothermalis

Deinococcus geothermalis is a bacterium.

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Deinococcus indicus

Deinococcus indicus is a species of arsenic-resistant bacterium.

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Deinococcus marmoris

Deinococcus marmoris is a Gram-positive bacterium isolated from Antarctica.

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Deinococcus murrayi

Deinococcus murrayi is a bacterium.

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Deinococcus radiodurans

Deinococcus radiodurans is an extremophilic bacterium, one of the most radiation-resistant organisms known.

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Deinococcus saxicola

Deinococcus saxicola is a species of low temperature and drought-tolerating, UV-resistant bacteria from Antarctica.

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Deinococcus–Thermus

Deinococcus–Thermus is a phylum of bacteria that are highly resistant to environmental hazards, also known as extremophiles.

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Deleya halophila

Deleya halophila (also known as Halomonas halophila) is a salt-loving, gram-negative bacteria.

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Delftia

Delftia is a genus of comamonad bacteria.

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Delftia acidovorans

Delftia acidovorans is a Gram-negative nonspore-forming, aerobe, rod-shaped bacterium known for its ability, together with another bacterium species, Cupriavidus metallidurans, to produce gold nuggets.

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Delftia lacustris

Delftia lacustris is a Gram-negative, nonfermentative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family, which was isolated from mesotrophic lake water in Denmark.

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Delftia litopenaei

Delftia litopenaei is a Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped, nonspore-forming, motile bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family, which was isolated from a freshwater shrimp culture pond in Taiwan.

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Delftia tsuruhatensis

Delftia tsuruhatensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive, motile bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family, which was isolated from a domestic wastewater treatment plant in Japan.

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Delos

The island of Delos (Δήλος; Attic: Δῆλος, Doric: Δᾶλος), near Mykonos, near the centre of the Cyclades archipelago, is one of the most important mythological, historical, and archaeological sites in Greece.

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Deltaproteobacteria

The Deltaproteobacteria are a class of Proteobacteria.

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Delusion

A delusion is a mistaken belief that is held with strong conviction even in the presence of superior evidence to the contrary.

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Demeclocycline

Demeclocycline (INN, BAN, USAN) (brand names Declomycin, Declostatin, Ledermycin, Bioterciclin, Deganol, Deteclo), also known under the brand names Detravis, Meciclin, Mexocine, Clortetrin, is a semisynthetic tetracycline antibiotic which was derived from a strain of Streptomyces aureofaciens.

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Demequina

Demequina is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Demequinaceae

Demequinaceae is Actinomycete family.

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Demetria terragena

Demetria terragena is a bacterium.

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Demining

Demining or mine clearance is the process of removing land mines from an area, while minesweeping describes the act of detecting mines.

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Demographics of Benin

The demographics of Benin include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Cameroon

The demographic profile of Cameroon is complex for a country of its population.

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Dendritic cell

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells (also known as accessory cells) of the mammalian immune system.

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Dendrosporobacter

Dendrosporobacter is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).

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Denitratisoma

Denitratisoma is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Denitrification

Denitrification is a microbially facilitated process where nitrate is reduced and ultimately produces molecular nitrogen (N2) through a series of intermediate gaseous nitrogen oxide products.

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Denitrifying bacteria

Denitrifying bacteria are a diverse group of bacteria that encompass many different phyla.

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Denitrobacterium

Denitrobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteria with a single species, in the family Coriobacteriaceae.

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Dental assistant

Dental assistants (also known as dental nurses) are members of the dental team.

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Dental caries (non-human)

Dental caries, also known as tooth decay, is uncommon among companion animals.

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Dental pellicle

The dental pellicle, or acquired pellicle, is a protein film that forms on the surface enamel by selective binding of glycoproteins from saliva that prevents continuous deposition of salivary calcium phosphate.

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Dental plaque

Dental plaque is a biofilm or mass of bacteria that grows on surfaces within the mouth.

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Dental public health

Dental Public Health (DPH) is a non-clinical specialty of dentistry that deals with the prevention of oral disease and promotion of oral health.

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Dental sealant

Dental sealants (also termed pit and fissure sealants, or simply fissure sealants) are a dental treatment intended to prevent tooth decay.

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Deodorant

A deodorant is a substance applied to the body to prevent body odor caused by the bacterial breakdown of perspiration in armpits, feet, and other areas of the body.

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Department of Health and Social Care

The Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) is a department of Her Majesty's Government, responsible for government policy on health and adult social care matters in England, along with a few elements of the same matters which are not otherwise devolved to the Scottish Government, Welsh Government or Northern Ireland Executive.

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Deployment cost–benefit selection in physiology

Deployment cost–benefit selection in physiology concerns the costs and benefits of physiological process that can be deployed and selected in regard to whether they will increase or not an animal’s survival and biological fitness.

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Dermabacteraceae

Dermabacteraceae is an Actinomycete family.

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Dermacentor variabilis

Dermacentor variabilis, also known as the American dog tick or wood tick, is a species of tick that is known to carry bacteria responsible for several diseases in humans, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia (Francisella tularensis).

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Dermatitis

Dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a group of diseases that results in inflammation of the skin.

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Dermatitis herpetiformis

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is a chronic blistering skin condition, characterised by blisters filled with a watery fluid.

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Dermatophilus congolensis

Dermatophilus congolensis is a gram positive bacterium and is the cause of a disease called dermatophilosis (sometimes called mud fever) in animals and humans, a dermatologic condition that manifests itself with the formation of crusty scabs that contain the microorganism.

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Dermatophyte test medium

Dermatophyte test medium (DTM) is a specialized agar used in medical mycology.

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Dermocarpellaceae

The Dermocarpellaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Dermorphin

Dermorphin is a hepta-peptide first isolated from the skin of South American frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa.

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Derxia

Derxia is a genus of Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the family of Alcaligenaceae.

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Derxia gummosa

Derxia gummosa is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nitrogen-fixing, obligate aerobe bacterium of the genus Derxia.

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Derxia lacustris

Derxia lacustris is a Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing, aerobic, motile bacterium of the genus Derxia, isolated from a freshwater lake in Taiwan.

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Desemzia

Desemzia is a bacterial genus from the family of Carnobacteriaceae, with one known species (Desemzia incerta).

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Desemzia incerta

Desemzia incerta is a bacterium from the genus of Desemzia which has been isolated from the ovaries of the cicada Tibicen linnei.

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Desert monitor

The desert monitor, Varanus griseus, is a species of monitor lizards of the order Squamata found living throughout North Africa and Central and South Asia.

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Desert tortoise

The desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii and Gopherus morafkai) are two species of tortoise native to the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico and the Sinaloan thornscrub of northwestern Mexico.

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Desmospora

Desmospora is a bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.

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Desmospora activa

Desmospora activa is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Desmospora which has been isolated from the sputum from a patient with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in Germany.

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Desmospora profundinema

Desmospora profundinema is a bacterium from the genus of Desmospora which has been isolated from deep-sea sediments from the Indian Ocean near China.

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Destroy All Humans!

Destroy All Humans! is an open world action-adventure video game franchise that is designed as a parody of Cold War-era alien invasion films.

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Desulfacinum

Desulfacinum is an acetate-oxidizing bacteria genus from the family of Syntrophobacteraceae.

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Desulfacinum hydrothermale

Desulfacinum hydrothermale is a thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium.

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Desulfacinum infernum

Desulfacinum infernum is a thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans AK-01

Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans AK-01 is a specific strain of Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans.

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Desulfitobacterium

Desulfitobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria from the family of Peptococcaceae.

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Desulfitobacterium chlororespirans

Desulfitobacterium chlororespirans is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming species of bacteria.

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Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans

Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans is a species of bacteria.

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Desulfitobacterium hafniense

Desulfitobacterium hafniense is a bacterium.

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Desulfitobacterium metallireducens

Desulfitobacterium metallireducens is an anaerobic bacterium that couples growth to the reduction of metals and humic acids as well as chlorinated compounds.

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Desulfoarculaceae

The Desulfoarculaceae are a family of Proteobacteria.

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Desulfobacter

Desulfobacter is a genus of bacteria from the family of Desulfobacteraceae.

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Desulfobacter curvatus

Desulfobacter curvatus is a sulfate-reducing bacteria, with type strain AcRM3.

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Desulfobacter halotolerans

Desulfobacter halotolerans is a halotolerant, acetate-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing bacteria.

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Desulfobacter hydrogenophilus

Desulfobacter hydrogenophilus is a strictly anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacterium.

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Desulfobacter latus

Desulfobacter latus is a sulfate-reducing bacteria, with type strain AcRS2.

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Desulfobacter vibrioformis

Desulfobacter vibrioformis is a sulfate-reducing bacteria.

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Desulfobacteraceae

The Desulfobacteraceae are a family of Proteobacteria.

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Desulfobacterales

The Desulfobacterales are an order of sulfate-reducing bacteria, included among the Deltaproteobacteria.

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Desulfobacterium

Desulfobacterium is a rod-shaped bacteria genus from the family of Desulfobacteraceae.

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Desulfobacterium autotrophicum

Desulfobacterium autotrophicum is a mesophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium.

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Desulfobacterium catecholicum

Desulfobacterium catecholicum is a catechol-degrading lemon-shaped non-sporing sulfate-reducing bacterium.

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Desulfobacterium indolicum

Desulfobacterium indolicum is an oval to rod-shaped, Gram-negative, non-sporing sulfate-reducing bacterium.

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Desulfobacula

Desulfobacula is a bacterial genus in the family Desulfobacteraceae.

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Desulfobacula phenolica

Desulfobacula phenolica is a bacterium species in the genus Desulfobacula.

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Desulfobulbaceae

The Desulfobulbaceae are a family of Proteobacteria.

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Desulfobulbus propionicus

Desulfobulbus propionicus is a Gram-negative, anaerobic chemoorganotroph.

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Desulfocapsa

Desulfocapsa is a bacterial genus from the family of Desulfobulbaceae.

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Desulfocapsa sulfexigens

Desulfocapsa sulfexigens is a mesophilic, anaerobic, gram-negative bacterium.

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Desulfocapsa thiozymogenes

Desulfocapsa thiozymogenes is an anaerobic, gram-negative bacterium.

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Desulfococcus oleovorans Strain Hxd3

Desulfococcus oleovorans Strain Hxd3 was isolated from the saline water phase of an oil-water separator from a northern German oil field.

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Desulfofrigus fragile

Desulfofrigus fragile is a bacterium.

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Desulfofrigus oceanense

Desulfofrigus oceanense is a bacterium.

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Desulfohalobium

Desulfohalobium is a Gram negative, anaerobic, sulfate-reducing, moderately halophilic and rod-shaped bacterial genus from the family of Desulfovibrionaceae.

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Desulfohalobium retbaense

Desulfohalobium retbaense is a bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Desulfomonile

Desulfomonile is a Gram negative, strict anaerobe and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Syntrophaceae.

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Desulfomonile limimaris

Desulfomonile limimaris is a bacterium.

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Desulfomonile tiedjei

Desulfomonile tiedjei is a bacterium.

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Desulfonatronovibrio hydrogenovorans

Desulfonatronovibrio hydrogenovorans is a bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Desulfonatronovibrio thiodismutans

Desulfonatronovibrio thiodismutans is a species of haloalkaliphilic sulfate-reducing bacteria.

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Desulfonatronum

Desulfonatronum is a Gram-negative and extremely alkaliphilic bacteria genus from the family of Desulfovibrionaceae.

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Desulfonatronum thioautotrophicum

Desulfonatronum thioautotrophicum is a species of haloalkaliphilic sulfate-reducing bacteria.

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Desulfonatronum thiodismutans

Desulfonatronum thiodismutans is an alkaliphilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium capable of lithoautotrophic growth.

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Desulfonatronum thiosulfatophilum

Desulfonatronum thiosulfatophilum is a species of haloalkaliphilic sulfate-reducing bacteria.

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Desulforudis

Desulforudis audaxviator is a monotypic bacteria, which lives in depths from below the Earth's surface in the groundwater.

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Desulfosporomusa

Desulfosporomusa is a genus of sulfate-reducing bacteria.

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Desulfosporosinus

Desulfosporosinus is a genus of strictly anaerobic, sulfate-reducing bacteria, often found in soil.

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Desulfotomaculum

Desulfotomaculum is a genus of Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic soil bacteria.

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Desulfotomaculum arcticum

Desulfotomaculum arcticum is a spore-forming, moderately thermophilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium.

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Desulfotomaculum geothermicum

Desulfotomaculum geothermicum is a thermophilic, fatty acid-degrading, sulfate-reducing bacterium.

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Desulfotomaculum halophilum

Desulfotomaculum halophilum is a halophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium.

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Desulfotomaculum thermoacetoxidans

Desulfotomaculum thermoacetoxidans is an obligately anaerobic, thermophilic, spore-forming sulfate-reducing bacterium with type strain CAMZ.

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Desulfovibrio

Desulfovibrio is a genus of Gram-negative sulfate-reducing bacteria.

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Desulfovibrio acrylicus

Desulfovibrio acrylicus is a bacterium from the genus of Desulfovibrio which has been isolated from marine sediments from the Wadden Sea.

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Desulfovibrio aerotolerans

Desulfovibrio aerotolerans is a Gram-negative, mesophilic, sulphate-reducing and oxygen tolerant bacterium from the genus of Desulfovibrio which has been isolated from activated sludge in Denmark.

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Desulfovibrio aespoeensis

Desulfovibrio aespoeensis is a mesophilic and sulfate-reducing bacterium from the genus of Desulfovibrio which has been isolated from groundwater from the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory in Sweden.

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Desulfovibrio alaskensis

Desulfovibrio alaskensis belongs to the sulfate-reducing bacteria.

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Desulfovibrio alcoholivorans

Desulfovibrio alcoholivorans is a bacterium from the genus of Desulfovibrio which has been isolated from alcohol industry waste water in France.

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Desulfovibrio alkalitolerans

Desulfovibrio alkalitolerans is an alkalitolerant and sulphate-reducing bacterium from the genus of Desulfovibrio which has been isolated from a district heating plant in Skanderborg in Denmark.

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Desulfovibrio aminophilus

Desulfovibrio aminophilus is a Gram-negative, mesophilic, non-spore-forming, amino acid degrading and sulfate-reducing bacterium from the genus of Desulfovibrio which has been isolated from an anaerobic lagoon from a dairy wastewater treatment plant in Santa Fe de Bogota in Colombia.

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Desulfovibrio arcticus

Desulfovibrio arcticus is a Gram-negative, psychrotolerant, sulfate-reducing and motile bacterium from the genus of Desulfovibrio with a single polar flagellum which has been isolated from water from permafrost from the Barents Sea.

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Desulfovibrio bastinii

Desulfovibrio bastinii is a moderately halophilic bacteria.

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Desulfovibrio biadhensis

Desulfovibrio biadhensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, anaerobic, mesophilic, slightly halophilic, sulfate-reducing and motile bacterium from the genus of Desulfovibrio which has been isolated from a thermal spring in Tunisia.

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Desulfovibrio bizertensis

Desulfovibrio bizertensis is a weakly halotolerant, strictly anaerobic, sulfate-reducing and motile bacterium from the genus of Desulfovibrio which has been isolated from marine sediments from Tunisia.

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Desulfovibrio brasiliensis

Desulfovibrio brasiliensis is a moderately halophilic bacteria first isolated from Brazil, hence its name.

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Desulfovibrio burkinensis

Desulfovibrio burkinensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and sulfate-reducing bacterium from the genus of Desulfovibrio which has been isolated from soil from a ricefield in Burkina Faso in Africa.

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Desulfovibrio butyratiphilus

Desulfovibrio butyratiphilus is a bacterium.

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Desulfovibrio capillatus

Desulfovibrio capillatus is a Gram-negative and sulfate-reducing bacterium from the genus of Desulfovibrio which has been isolated from a oil field separator in the Gulf of Mexico.

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Desulfovibrio carbinolicus

Desulfovibrio carbinolicus is a bacterium.

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Desulfovibrio dechloracetivorans

Desulfovibrio dechloracetivorans is a bacterium.

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Desulfovibrio desulfuricans

Desulfovibrio desulfuricans is a Gram-negative sulfate-reducing bacteria.

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Desulfovibrio ferrireducens

Desulfovibrio ferrireducens is a psychrotolerant bacterium from the genus of Desulfovibrio which has been isolated from permanently cold sediments from Fjord in Svalbard.

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Desulfovibrio gabonensis

Desulfovibrio gabonensis is a moderately halophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium.

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Desulfovibrio gracilis

Desulfovibrio gracilis is a moderately halophilic bacteria.

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Desulfovibrio halophilus

Desulfovibrio halophilus is a halophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium.

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Desulfovibrio idahonensis

Desulfovibrio idahonensis is a bacterium.

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Desulfovibrio magneticus

Desulfovibrio magneticus is a bacterium.

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Desulfovibrio marinisediminis

Desulfovibrio marinisediminis is a bacterium.

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Desulfovibrio marrakechensis

Desulfovibrio marrakechensis is a bacterium.

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Desulfovibrio oxyclinae

Desulfovibrio oxyclinae is a bacterium.

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Desulfovibrio paquesii

Desulfovibrio paquesii is a bacterium.

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Desulfovibrio piezophilus

Desulfovibrio piezophilus is a bacterium.

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Desulfovibrio profundus

Desulfovibrio profundus is a bacterium.

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Desulfovibrio putealis

Desulfovibrio putealis is a bacterium.

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Desulfovibrio sulfodismutans

Desulfovibrio sulfodismutans is a bacterium.

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Desulfovibrio vulgaris

Desulfovibrio vulgaris is a species of Gram-negative sulfate-reducing bacteria in the Desulfovibrionaceae family.

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Desulfovibrionales

Desulfovibrionales belong to the Phylum of Proteobacteria, with four families.

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Desulfovirgula

Desulfovirgula is a genus of sulfate reducing aerobic endospore-forming Gram-positive thermophilic motile rod-shaped bacteria, isolated from a geothermally active underground mine.

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Desulfurella

Desulfurella is a lithoautotrophic bacteria genus from the family of Desulfobacteraceae.

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Desulfurella acetivorans

Desulfurella acetivorans is a thermophilic acetate-oxidizing sulfur-reducing eubacterium.

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Desulfurella kamchatkensis

Desulfurella kamchatkensis is a thermophilic sulfur-reducing eubacterium.

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Desulfurella multipotens

Desulfurella multipotens is a thermophilic sulfur-reducing eubacterium.

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Desulfurella propionica

Desulfurella propionica is a thermophilic sulfur-reducing eubacterium.

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Desulfurellaceae

The Desulfurellaceae are a small family of Proteobacteria, given their own order.

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Desulfurobacteriaceae

The Desulfurobacteriaceae family are bacteria belonging to the Aquificae phylum.

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Desulfurobacterium atlanticum

Desulfurobacterium atlanticum is a thermophilic, anaerobic and chemolithoautotrophic bacterium from the family Aquificaceae.

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Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum

Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum is a species of autotrophic, sulphur-reducing bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent.

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Desulfuromonadales

The Desulfuromonadales are an order within the Proteobacteria.

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Desulfuromonas

Desulfuromonas is a Gram negative bacterial genus from the family of Desulfuromonadaceae.

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Desulfuromonas acetoxidans

Desulfuromonas acetoxidans is a species of bacteria.

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Desulfuromonas chloroethenica

Desulfuromonas chloroethenica is a gram-negative metal-reducing proteobacterium.

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Desulfuromonas michiganensis

Desulfuromonas michiganensis is a species of tetrachloroethene-reducing, acetate-oxidizing anaerobic bacteria.

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Desulfuromonas svalbardensis

Desulfuromonas svalbardensis is a species of psychrophilic, Fe(III)-reducing bacteria.

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Desulfuromusa ferrireducens

Desulfuromusa ferrireducens is a species of psychrophilic, Fe(III)-reducing bacteria.

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Dethiosulfovibrio peptidovorans

Dethiosulfovibrio peptidovorans is an anaerobic, slightly halophilic, thiosulfate-reducing bacterium.

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Detritivore

Detritivores, also known as detrivores, detritophages, detritus feeders, or detritus eaters, are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing plant and animal parts as well as feces).

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Detritus

In biology, detritus is dead particulate organic material (as opposed to dissolved organic material).

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Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen

The Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH) (abbreviation is DSM and DSMZ)was founded 1969 as the national culture collection in Germany.

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Devonian

The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic, spanning 60 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya.

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Devosia

Devosia is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria.

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Devosia albogilva

Devosia albogilva is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Devosia with a single polar flagellum which was isolated from a hexachlorocyclohexane dump site in India.

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Devosia chinhatensis

Devosia chinhatensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped non-spore-forming motile bacteria from the genus of Devosia.

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Devosia crocina

Devosia crocina is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming motile bacteria from the genus of Devosia with a single polar flagellum.

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Devosia epidermidihirudinis

Devosia epidermidihirudinis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Devosia.

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Devosia geojensis

Devosia geojensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria from the genus of Devosia with a single polar flagella which was isolated from diesel-contaminated soil in Geoje in the Republic of Korea.

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Devosia ginsengisoli

Devosia ginsengisoli is a bacterium from the genus of Devosia.

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Devosia glacialis

Devosia glacialis is a psychrophilic Gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria from the genus of Devosia with a polar flagella which was isolated from a glacier in the Hohe Tauern in Austria.

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Devosia hwasunensis

Devosia hwasunensis is a bacterium from the genus of Devosia.

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Devosia insulae

Devosia insulae is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming motile bacteria from the genus of Devosia with a single flagellum.

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Devosia limi

Devosia limi is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Devosia which was isolated from commercial nitrifying inoculum in Belgium.

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Devosia neptuniae

Devosia neptuniae is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria that nodulates Neptunia natans.

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Devosia pacifica

Devosia pacifica is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile bacteria from the genus of Devosia with a single lateral flagellum which was isolated from sediments of the South China Sea.

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Devosia psychrophila

Devosia psychrophila is a psychrophilic, aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Devosia which was isolated from the Pitztaler Jöchl glacier in the Oetztaler Alps in Tyrol in Austria.

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Devosia riboflavina

Devosia riboflavina is a Gram-negative soil bacteria.

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Devosia soli

Devosia soli is a Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Devosia which was isolated from greenhouse soil where lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grew, in the Daejeon City in the Republic of Korea.

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Devosia subaequoris

Devosia subaequoris is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-spore-forming, motile bacteria from the genus of Devosia which was isolated from a sediment sample from the Hwasun Beach in Jeju in the Republic of Korea.

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Devosia submarina

Devosia submarina is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria from the genus of Devosia which was isolated from the Sea of Japan.

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Devosia terrae

Devosia terrae is a bacterium from the genus of Devosia.

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Devosia yakushimensis

Devosia yakushimensis is a Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, motile bacteria from the genus of Devosia with a polar flagellum which was isolated from the plant Pueraria lobata in Japan.

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Dextran

Dextran is a complex branched glucan (polysaccharide made of many glucose molecules) composed of chains of varying lengths (from 3 to 2000 kilodaltons).

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Dextrin

Dextrins are a group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen.

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Dharan, Nepal

Dharan (Devanāgarī: धरान) is one out of two sub-metropolitan cities in Province No. 1 of Nepal, in the Sunsari District, and is situated on the foothills of the Mahabharat Range in the north with its southern tip touching the edge of the Terai region at an altitude of 1148 ft (349m).

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Dhau

Dhau (Nepal Bhasa: धौ) is yogurt prepared by Newars of Nepal.

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DHH phosphatase family

In molecular biology, the DHH phosphatase family is a family of phosphoesterases.

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Di-haem cytochrome c peroxidase

In molecular biology, the di-haem cytochrome c peroxidase family is a group of distinct cytochrome c peroxidases (CCPs) that contain two haem groups.

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Diabetic foot ulcer

Diabetic foot ulcer is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, and probably the major component of the diabetic foot.

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Diabetic myonecrosis

Diabetic myonecrosis is a complication of diabetes.

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Diabetic neuropathy

Diabetic neuropathies are nerve damaging disorders associated with diabetes mellitus.

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Diacetyl reductase ((S)-acetoin forming)

Diacetyl reductase ((S)-acetoin forming) ((S)-acetoin dehydrogenase) is an enzyme with systematic name (S)-acetoin:NAD+ oxidoreductase.

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Diacylglycerol kinase

Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK or DAGK) is a family of enzymes that catalyzes the conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA), utilizing ATP as a source of the phosphate.

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Diagnostic peritoneal lavage

Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) or diagnostic peritoneal aspiration (DPA) is a surgical diagnostic procedure to determine if there is free floating fluid (most often blood) in the abdominal cavity.

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Dialister

Dialister is a genus of Firmicutes bacteria classified within the class Negativicutes.

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Dialister pneumosintes

Dialister pneumosintes (formerly named Bacteroides pneumosintes) is a nonfermentative, anaerobic, gram-negative rod that grows with small, circular, transparent, shiny, smooth colonies on blood agar.

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Diamond v. Chakrabarty

Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303 (1980), was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with whether genetically modified organisms can be patented.

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Diapause

Diapause, when referencing animal dormancy, is the delay in development in response to regularly and recurring periods of adverse environmental conditions.

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Diarrhea

Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day.

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Diatom

Diatoms (diá-tom-os "cut in half", from diá, "through" or "apart"; and the root of tém-n-ō, "I cut".) are a major group of microorganisms found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world.

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Diauxic growth

Diauxic growth or diauxie is any cell growth characterized by cellular growth in two phases, and can be illustrated with a diauxic growth curve.

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Diazotroph

Diazotrophs are bacteria and archaea that fix atmospheric nitrogen gas into a more usable form such as ammonia.

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DicF RNA

DicF RNA is a non-coding RNA that is an antisense inhibitor of cell division gene ftsZ.

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Dichelobacter nodosus

Dichelobacter nodosus, formerly Bacteroides nodosus, is a Gram-negative, obligate anaerobe of the family Cardiobacteriaceae.

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Dichlorobenzene

There are three distinct chemical compounds which are dichlorobenzenes.

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Dichotomicrobium

Dichotomicrobium is a genus of bacteria from the family of Hyphomicrobiaceae.

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Dichotomicrobium thermohalophilum

Dichotomicrobium thermohalophilum is a bacterium from the genus of Dichotomicrobium which was isolated from a solar lake in Elat in Israel.

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Dickeya

Dickeya is a genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae that consists mainly of pathogens from herbaceous plants.

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Dickeya dadantii

Dickeya dadantii is a gram-negative bacillus that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Dickeya solani

Dickeya solani is a bacterium that causes blackleg and soft rot in potato crops.

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Dicranopteris linearis

Dicranopteris linearis is a common species of fern known by many common names, including Old World forked fern, uluhe (Hawaiian), and dilim (Filipino).

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Dictyoglomi-1 RNA motif

The Dictyoglomi-1 RNA motif (also called dct-1) is a conserved RNA structure that was discovered via bioinformatics.

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Dictyoglomus thermophilum

Dictyoglomus is a genus of bacterium, given its own phylum, called the Dictyoglomi.

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Dictyostelium discoideum

Dictyostelium discoideum is a species of soil-living amoeba belonging to the phylum Amoebozoa, infraphylum Mycetozoa.

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Didier Raoult

Didier Raoult (born March 13, 1952) is a French biologist.

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Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien

Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (1887–1915) by Adolf Engler and Karl Anton Prantl is a complete revision of plant families down to generic level and often even further.

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Dielectric spectroscopy

Dielectric spectroscopy (which falls in a subcategory of impedance spectroscopy) measures the dielectric properties of a medium as a function of frequency.

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Dielectrophoresis

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a phenomenon in which a force is exerted on a dielectric particle when it is subjected to a non-uniform electric field.

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Diethyl phthalate

Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is a phthalate ester, namely the diethyl ester of phthalic acid.

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Dietzia

Dietzia is a Gram-positive bacterial genus from the family of Dietziaceae which occur in many different habitats including humans and animals.

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Dietzia aerolata

Dietzia aerolata is a Gram-positive, coccoid and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Dietzia which has been isolated from air from a duck barn in Berlin in Germany.

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Dietzia alimentaria

Dietzia alimentaria is a Gram-positive and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Dietzia which has been isolated from salt-fermented seafood from Sokcho in Korea.

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Dietzia aurantiaca

Dietzia aurantiaca is a Gram-positive, aerobic, coccoid and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Dietzia which has been isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid from a patient from Göteborg in Sweden.

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Dietzia cercidiphylli

Dietzia cercidiphylli is a bacterium from the genus of Dietzia which has been isolated from roots of the tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum in China.

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Dietzia cinnamea

Dietzia cinnamea is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Dietzia which has been isolated from a perianal swab from a patient in Germany.

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Dietzia kunjamensis

Dietzia kunjamensis is a bacterium from the genus of Dietzia which has been isolated from soil from the desert of the Himalayas.

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Dietzia lutea

Dietzia lutea is a bacterium from the genus of Dietzia which has been isolated from desert soil in Egypt.

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Dietzia natronolimnaea

Dietzia natronolimnaea is an alkaliphilic, aerobic, organotrophic bacteria, with type strain 15LN1 (.

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Dietzia papillomatosis

Dietzia papillomatosis is a bacterium from the genus of Dietzia which has been isolated from the skin scrapings of a patient in the United Kingdom.

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Dietzia psychralcaliphila

Dietzia psychralcaliphila is a facultatively psychrophilic alkaliphile that grows on hydrocarbons.

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Dietzia schimae

Dietzia schimae is a bacterium from the genus of Dietzia which has been isolated from the stem of the plant Schima in China.

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Dietzia timorensis

Dietzia timorensis is a bacterium from the genus of Dietzia which has beenisolated from soil from Kupang from West Timor on Indonesia.

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Diff-Quik

Diff-Quik is a commercial Romanowsky stain variant, commonly used in histological staining to rapidly stain and differentiate a variety of smears, commonly blood and non-gynecological smears, including those of fine needle aspirates.

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Differential diagnoses of depression

Depression, one of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorders, is being diagnosed in increasing numbers in various segments of the population worldwide.

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Differential staining

Differential Staining is a staining process which uses more than one chemical stain.

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Diffuse panbronchiolitis

Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is an inflammatory lung disease of unknown cause.

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Digestate

Digestate is the material remaining after the anaerobic digestion of a biodegradable feedstock.

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Digestion

Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma.

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Diguanylate cyclase

In enzymology, diguanylate cyclase, also known as diguanylate kinase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: 2 Guanosine triphosphate ↔ 2 diphosphate + cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate The substrates of diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) are two molecules of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and the products are two molecules of diphosphate and one molecule of cyclic di-3’,5’-guanylate (cyclic di-GMP).

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Dihydropteroate synthase

Dihydropteroate synthase is an enzyme classified under.

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Dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor

A dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor is a drug that inhibits the action of dihydropteroate synthase.

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Dimethyl sulfide

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) or methylthiomethane is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2S.

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Dimethyl sulfoxide

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2SO.

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Dimethylsulfoniopropionate

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2S+CH2CH2COO−.

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Diminazene

Diminazene (INN; also known as diminazen) is an anti-infective medication for animals that is sold under a variety of brand names.

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DinI-like protein family

In molecular biology, the DinI-like protein family is a family of short proteins.

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Dinoroseobacter

In taxonomy, Dinoroseobacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Dioxygenase

Dioxygenases are oxidoreductase enzymes.

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Dip slide

A dip slide (or dipslide) is a test for the presence of microorganisms in liquids.

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Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

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Diphtheria toxin

Diphtheria toxin is an exotoxin secreted by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the pathogenic bacterium that causes diphtheria.

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Diphtheritic stomatitis

Diphtheritic stomatitis is a recently discovered disease and has thus far been reported only in Yellow-eyed penguins (Megadyptes antipodes).

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Dipicolinic acid

Dipicolinic acid (pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid or PDC and DPA) is a chemical compound which composes 5% to 15% of the dry weight of bacterial spores.

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Diplocalyx

Diplocalyx is a genus of bacteria of the spirochete phylum.

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Diplococcus

A diplococcus (plural diplococci) is a round bacterium (a coccus) that typically occurs in the form of two joined cells.

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Diplogasteridae

Diplogastridae, formerly Diplogasteridae, are a family of nematodes (roundworms) known from a wide range of habitats, often in commensal or parasitic associations with insects.

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Diploria labyrinthiformis

Diploria labyrinthiformis, known by the common name grooved brain coral, is a species of stony coral in the family Mussidae.

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Diplorickettsia massiliensis

Diplorickettsia massiliensis species is an obligate intracellular, gram negative bacterium isolated from Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in Slovak republic forest geographically from southeastern part of Rovinka in 2006.

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Dipotassium phosphate

Dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) (also dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate; potassium phosphate dibasic) is a highly water-soluble salt which is often used as a fertilizer, food additive and buffering agent.

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Directed evolution

Directed evolution (DE, "gelenkte Evolution") is a method used in protein engineering that mimics the process of natural selection to evolve proteins or nucleic acids toward a user-defined goal.

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Dirofilaria immitis

Dirofilaria immitis, the heartworm or dog heartworm, is a parasitic roundworm that is spread from host to host through the bites of mosquitoes.

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Dirty Money Project

The Dirty Money Project is a scientific research project of New York University, a comprehensive study of the DNA on banknotes which aims to understand the role of banknotes in spreading diseases among humans, especially on those who live in an urban region.

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Discovery and development of ACE inhibitors

The discovery of an orally inactive peptide from snake venom established the important role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in regulating blood pressure.

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Disease

A disease is any condition which results in the disorder of a structure or function in an organism that is not due to any external injury.

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Disease causative agent

The term disease causative agent usually refers to the biological pathogen that causes a disease, such as a virus, parasite, fungus, or bacterium.

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Disease in ornamental fish

Ornamental fish kept in aquariums are susceptible to numerous diseases.

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Disease management (agriculture)

In agriculture, disease management is the practice of minimising disease in crops to increase quantity or quality of harvest yield.

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Diseases and epidemics of the 19th century

During the 19th century, three previously encountered diseases and one emerging infectious disease, cholera, reached epidemic proportions.

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Dishcloth

A dishcloth is used in the kitchen to clean dishes and other surfaces.

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Disinfectant

Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that are applied to the surface of non-living objects to destroy microorganisms that are living on the objects.

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Disk diffusion test

The disk diffusion test, or agar diffusion test, or Kirby–Bauer test (disc-diffusion antibiotic susceptibility test, disc-diffusion antibiotic sensitivity test, KB test), is a test of the antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria.

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Disodium cocoamphodiacetate

Disodium cocoamphodiacetate (DSCADA) is a synthetic amphoteric surfactant routinely used in personal care products.

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Dispanin

In molecular biology, the protein family Dispanin is another name for Interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM).

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Dispase

Dispase is a protease which cleaves fibronectin, collagen IV, and to a lesser extent collagen I. It is found in some bacteria and can be isolated from culture filtrates of Bacillus polymyxa.

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Dispersant

A dispersant or a dispersing agent or a plasticizer or a superplasticizer is either a non-surface active polymer or a surface-active substance added to a suspension, usually a colloid, to improve the separation of particles and to prevent settling or clumping.

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Disquiet (Strugatsky novel)

Disquiet (Беспокойство) is a 1965 sci-fi novel by Boris and Arkady Strugatsky set in the Noon Universe.

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Dissimilatory metal-reducing microorganisms

Dissimilatory metal-reducing microorganisms are a group of microorganisms (both bacteria and archaea) that can perform anaerobic respiration utilizing a metal as terminal electron acceptor rather than molecular oxygen (O2), which is the terminal electron acceptor reduced to water (H2O) in aerobic respiration.

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Dissimilatory sulfate reduction

Dissimilatory sulfate reduction is a form of anaerobic respiration that uses sulfate as the terminal electron acceptor.

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Dissolved organic carbon

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), sometimes known as dissolved organic material (DOM), is a broad classification for organic molecules of varied origin and composition within aquatic systems.

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Distance matrices in phylogeny

Distance matrices are used in phylogeny as non-parametric distance methods and were originally applied to phenetic data using a matrix of pairwise distances.

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Distributive shock

Distributive shock is a medical condition in which abnormal distribution of blood flow in the smallest blood vessels results in inadequate supply of blood to the body's tissues and organs.

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Disulfide

In chemistry, a disulfide refers to a functional group with the structure R−S−S−R′.

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Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis, specifically colonic diverticulitis, is a gastrointestinal disease characterized by inflammation of abnormal pouches - diverticuli - which can develop in the wall of the large intestine.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

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DNA clamp

A DNA clamp, also known as a sliding clamp, is a protein fold that serves as a processivity-promoting factor in DNA replication.

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DNA construct

A DNA construct is an artificially constructed segment of nucleic acid that is to be transplanted into a target tissue or cell.

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DNA gyrase

DNA gyrase, or simply gyrase, is an enzyme within the class of topoisomerase (Type II topoisomerase) that relieves strain while double-stranded DNA is being unwound by helicase.

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DNA ligase

DNA ligase is a specific type of enzyme, a ligase, that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond.

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DNA methylation

DNA methylation is a process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule.

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DNA methyltransferase

In biochemistry, the DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase) family of enzymes catalyze the transfer of a methyl group to DNA.

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DNA repair

DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.

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DNA repair protein XRCC4

DNA repair protein XRCC4 also known as X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4 or XRCC4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XRCC4 gene.

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DNA replication

In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.

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DNA vaccination

DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting against disease by injection with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen, producing a protective immunological response.

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DNA virus

A DNA virus is a virus that has DNA as its genetic material and replicates using a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase.

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DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase

DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase also known as 3-alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) or N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MPG gene.

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DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease

In molecular biology, enzymes in the DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease family of bacterial and eukaryotic endonucleases share the following characteristics: they act on both DNA and RNA, cleave double-stranded and single-stranded nucleic acids and require a divalent ion such as magnesium for their activity.

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DnaA

DnaA is a protein that activates initiation of DNA replication in bacteria.

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DnaB helicase

DnaB helicase is an enzyme in bacteria which opens the replication fork during DNA replication.

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DnaX ribosomal frameshifting element

The DnaX ribosomal frameshifting element is a RNA element found in the mRNA of the dnaX gene in E. coli.

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Doctor Clayton Forrester (The War of the Worlds)

Doctor Clayton Forrester is a fictional character in George Pal's 1953 science fiction film The War of the Worlds, the first film adaptation of the H. G. Wells novel of the same name.

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Doctor in a cell

By combining computer science and molecular biology, researchers have been able to work on a programmable biological computer that in the future may navigate within the human body, diagnosing diseases and administering treatments.

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Dog food

Dog food is food specifically formulated and intended for consumption by dogs and other related canines.

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Dokdonia donghaensis

Dokdonia donghaensis is a strictly aerobic, gram-negative, phototrophic bacterium that thrives in marine environments.

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Dole Food Company

Dole Food Company, Inc. is an American agricultural multinational corporation headquartered in Westlake Village, California.

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Dolomitization

Dolomitization is a geological process by which the carbonate mineral dolomite is formed when magnesium ions replace calcium ions in another carbonate mineral, calcite.

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Dolosigranulum

Dolosigranulum is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Carnobacteriaceae, with one known species (Dolosigranulum pigrum).

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Dolosigranulum pigrum

Dolosigranulum pigrum is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Dolosigranulum.

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Domain (biology)

In biological taxonomy, a domain (Latin: regio), also superkingdom or empire, is the highest taxonomic rank of organisms in the three-domain system of taxonomy designed by Carl Woese, an American microbiologist and biophysicist.

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Domain of unknown function

A domain of unknown function (DUF) is a protein domain that has no characterised function.

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Domestic rabbit

A domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus forma domesticus), more commonly known as a pet rabbit, a bunny, or a bunny rabbit is any of the domesticated varieties of the European rabbit species.

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Dominion (manga)

is a Japanese manga written and illustrated by Masamune Shirow.

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Donald A. Glaser

Donald Arthur Glaser (September 21, 1926 – February 28, 2013) was an American physicist, neurobiologist, and the winner of the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the bubble chamber used in subatomic particle physics.

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Doom 3: Maelstrom

Doom 3: Maelstrom is the second book in a series of three novels regarding Doom 3.

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Dopamine

Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families that plays several important roles in the brain and body.

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Dormancy

Dormancy is a period in an organism's life cycle when growth, development, and (in animals) physical activity are temporarily stopped.

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Doryteuthis opalescens

Doryteuthis opalescens, the opalescent inshore squid is a small squid (mantle length (ML) up to 190 mm) in the family Loliginidae.

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Dose (biochemistry)

A dose is a measured quantity of a medicine, nutrient, or pathogen which is delivered as a unit.

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Double Pipe Creek

Double Pipe Creek, sometimes called Pipe Creek, is a major tributary of the Monocacy River in Carroll County and Frederick County in Maryland, located several miles north and west of Westminster.

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Double-stranded RNA viruses

Double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses are a diverse group of viruses that vary widely in host range (humans, animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria), genome segment number (one to twelve) and virion organization (T-number, capsid layers or turrets).

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Doushantuo Formation

The Doushantuo Formation is a fossil Lagerstätte in Weng'an County, Guizhou Province, China that is notable for being one of the oldest beds to contain minutely preserved microfossils, phosphatic fossils that are so characteristic they have given their name to "Doushantuo type preservation".

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Doushantuo type preservation

The preservational mode of the Doushantuo formation involves very early phosphatisation on a cellular level - with cells being replaced by phosphate before they degrade.

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Dousing

Dousing is the practice of making something or someone wet by throwing liquid over them, e.g., by pouring water, generally cold, over oneself.

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Downstream-peptide motif

The Downstream-peptide motif refers to a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics in the cyanobacterial genera Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus and one phage that infects such bacteria.

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Doxorubicin

Doxorubicin, sold under the trade names Adriamycin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer.

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Doxycycline

Doxycycline is an antibiotic that is used in the treatment of a number of types of infections caused by bacteria and protozoa.

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DPT vaccine

DPT (also DTP and DTwP) refers to a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus.

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Dr Lal PathLabs

No description.

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Drake equation

The Drake equation is a probabilistic argument used to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy.

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Drauzio Varella

Drauzio Varella, (General Brazilian:; born May 3, 1943 in São Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian doctor, educator, scientist and medical science popularizer in the press and TV, as well as best-selling author.

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Drift netting

Drift netting is a fishing technique where nets, called drift nets, hang vertically in the water column without being anchored to the bottom.

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Driftwood

Driftwood is wood that has been washed onto a shore or beach of a sea, lake, or river by the action of winds, tides or waves.

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Drinking fountain

A drinking fountain, also called a bubbler (generic trademark) or water fountain, is a fountain designed to provide drinking water.

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Drinking water

Drinking water, also known as potable water, is water that is safe to drink or to use for food preparation.

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Dropleton

A dropleton or quantum droplet is a quasiparticle comprising a collection of electrons and holes inside a semiconductor.

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Drug policy of Nazi Germany

The generally tolerant official drug policy in the Third Reich, the period of Nazi control of Germany from the 1933 Machtergreifung to Germany's 1945 defeat in World War II, was inherited from the Weimar government installed in 1919 following the dissolution of the German monarchy at the end of World War I.

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Drug resistance

Drug resistance is the reduction in effectiveness of a medication such as an antimicrobial or an antineoplastic in curing a disease or condition.

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Dryadoideae

The Dryadoideae subfamily of the Rosaceae consists of four genera,.

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Dryas (plant)

Dryas is a genus of perennial cushion-forming evergreen dwarf shrubs in the family Rosaceae, native to the arctic and alpine regions of Europe, Asia and North America.

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DsrA RNA

DsrA RNA is a non-coding RNA that regulates both transcription, by overcoming transcriptional silencing by the nucleoid-associated H-NS protein, and translation, by promoting efficient translation of the stress sigma factor, RpoS.

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Duganella

Duganella is a genus of bacteria in the Oxalobacteraceae family.

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Duganella phyllosphaerae

Duganella phyllosphaerae is a bacterium from the genus Duganella in the Oxalobacteraceae family which was isolated from the leaf surface of Trifolium repens in Germany.

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Duganella radicis

Duganella radicis is a bacterium from the genus Duganella in the Oxalobacteraceae family which was isolated with Duganella sacchari from the rhizosphere of field-grown sugarcane.

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Duganella sacchari

Duganella sacchari is a bacterium of the genus Duganella in the Oxalobacteraceae family which was isolated with Duganella radicis from the rhizosphere of field-grown sugarcane.

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Duganella zoogloeoides

Duganella zoogloeoides is a bacterium of the genus Duganella in the Oxalobacteraceae family.

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Duodenitis

Duodenitis is inflammation of the duodenum.

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DuPont Central Research

In 1957, the research organization of the Chemicals Department of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company was renamed Central Research Department, beginning the history of the premier scientific organization within DuPont and one of the foremost industrial laboratories devoted to basic science.

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Duvensee paddle

The Duvensee paddle is the preserved part of a Mesolithic spade paddle, which was found during archaeological excavations of a Mesolithic dwelling area at Duvensee near Klinkrade (Herzogtum Lauenburg) Schleswig-Holstein, Germany in 1926.

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Dyadobacter

Dyadobacter is a genus of gram negative rod-shaped bacteria belonging to the family Cytophagaceae in the phylum Bacteroidetes.

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Dyadobacter alkalitolerans

Dyadobacter alkalitolerans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Dyadobacter which has been isolated from desert sand in Xinjiang in China.

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Dyadobacter arcticus

Dyadobacter arcticus is a Gram-negative, psychrotolerant, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Dyadobacter which has been isolated from Arctic soil from Svalbard Archipelago in Norway.

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Dyadobacter beijingensis

Dyadobacter beijingensis is a bacterium from the genus of Dyadobacter which has been isolated from the rhizosphere from turf grasses from the Taoranting Park in Beijing in China.

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Dyadobacter crusticola

Dyadobacter crusticola is a Gram-negative, psychrotolerant, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Dyadobacter which has been isolated from biological soil crusts from the Colorado Plateau in the United States.

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Dyadobacter endophyticus

Dyadobacter endophyticus is an endophytic, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Dyadobacter which has been isolated from a maize root from Beijing in China.

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Dyadobacter fermentans

Dyadobacter fermentans is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Dyadobacter which has been isolated from the stem of a Zea mays plant.

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Dyadobacter ginsengisoli

Dyadobacter ginsengisoli is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Dyadobacter which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Pocheon in Korea.

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Dyadobacter hamtensis

Dyadobacter hamtensis is a bacterium from the genus of Dyadobacter which has been isolatedc from the Hamta glacier in the Himalayas in India.

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Dyadobacter jejuensis

Dyadobacter jejuensis is a bacterium from the genus of Dyadobacter which has been isolated from seawater from the Jeju Island from Korea.

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Dyadobacter koreensis

Dyadobacter koreensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Dyadobacter which has been isolated from fresh water from the Woopo wetland in Korea.

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Dyadobacter psychrophilus

Dyadobacter psychrophilus is a Gram-negative, aerobic and psychrophilic bacterium from the genus of Dyadobacter which has been from soil which was contaminated with hydrocarbon in Bozen in Italy.

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Dyadobacter sediminis

Dyadobacter sediminis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Dyadobacter.

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Dyadobacter soli

Dyadobacter soli is a Gram-negative, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Dyadobacter which has been isolated from farm soil near Daejeon in Korea.

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Dyadobacter tibetensis

Dyadobacter tibetensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Dyadobacter which has been isolated from a glacial ice core from the Tibetan Plateau in China.

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Dye decolorizing peroxidase

Dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP, DyP-type peroxidase) is an enzyme with systematic name Reactive-Blue-5:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase.

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DyP-type peroxidase family

In molecular biology, the DyP-type peroxidase family is a family of haem peroxidase enzymes.

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Dysentery

Dysentery is an inflammatory disease of the intestine, especially of the colon, which always results in severe diarrhea and abdominal pains.

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Dystrophic lake

Dystrophic lakes, also known as humic lakes, are lakes that contain high amounts of humic substances and organic acids.

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E. Coli Metabolome Database

The E. coli Metabolome Database (ECMDB) is a comprehensive, high-quality, freely accessible, online database of small molecule metabolites found in or produced by Escherichia coli (E. coli strain K12, MG1655).

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E. coli nitroreductase

E.

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EAL domain

In molecular biology, the EAL domain is a conserved protein domain.

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Ear canal

The ear canal (external acoustic meatus, external auditory meatus, EAM; meatus acusticus externus) is a tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear.

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Ear mite

Ear mites are mites that live in the ears of animals and humans.

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Early childhood caries

Early Childhood Caries (ECC), formerly known as nursing bottle caries, baby bottle tooth decay, night bottle mouth and night bottle caries, is a disease that affects teeth in children aged between birth and 71 months.

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Earring

An earring is a piece of jewelry attached to the ear via a piercing in the earlobe or another external part of the ear (except in the case of clip earrings, which clip onto the lobe). Earrings are worn by both sexes, although more common among women, and have been used by different civilizations in different times. Locations for piercings other than the earlobe include the rook, tragus, and across the helix (see image at right). The simple term "ear piercing" usually refers to an earlobe piercing, whereas piercings in the upper part of the external ear are often referred to as "cartilage piercings". Cartilage piercings are more complex to perform than earlobe piercings and take longer to heal. Earring components may be made of any number of materials, including metal, plastic, glass, precious stone, beads, wood, bone, and other materials. Designs range from small loops and studs to large plates and dangling items. The size is ultimately limited by the physical capacity of the earlobe to hold the earring without tearing. However, heavy earrings worn over extended periods of time may lead to stretching of the earlobe and the piercing.

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Earth Maiden Arjuna

is a Japanese animated television series created by Shoji Kawamori.

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Earth Microbiome Project

The Earth Microbiome Project (EMP) is an initiative to collect natural samples and to analyze the microbial community around the globe.

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Earwax

Earwax, also known by the medical term cerumen, is a gray, orange, or yellowish waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and other mammals.

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East Antarctica

East Antarctica, also called Greater Antarctica, constitutes the majority (two-thirds) of the Antarctic continent, lying on the Indian Ocean side of the continent, separated from West Antarctica by the Transantarctic Mountains.

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Ebb and flow

Ebb and flow (also called ebb and flood and flood drain) are two phases of the tide or any similar movement of water.

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Echinicola

Echinicola is an aerobic and motile bacterial genus from the family of Cytophagaceae.

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Echinicola jeungdonensis

Echinicola jeungdonensis is a non-motile bacterium from the genus of Echinicola which has been isolated from a solar saltern in Jeungdo in of Korea.

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Echinicola pacifica

Echinicola pacifica is a heterotrophic and motile bacterium from the genus of Echinicola which has been isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius from the Troitsa Bay in the Sea of Japan.

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Echinicola vietnamensis

Echinicola vietnamensis is a heterotrophic and halotolerant bacterium from the genus of Echinicola which has been isolated from seawater from a musselfarm from the Nha Trang Bay in Vietnam.

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Echovirus

An ECHO (enteric cytopathic human orphan) virus is a type of RNA virus that belongs to the species Enterovirus B, genus Enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family.

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EcoCyc

In bioinformatics EcoCyc is a biological database for the bacterium Escherichia coli K-12.

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Ecological health

Ecological health is a term that has been used in relation to both human health and the condition of the environment.

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Ecological succession

Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.

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Ecology

Ecology (from οἶκος, "house", or "environment"; -λογία, "study of") is the branch of biology which studies the interactions among organisms and their environment.

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Ecology of the San Francisco Estuary

The San Francisco Estuary together with the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta represents a highly altered ecosystem.

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Economic policy of the Nicolás Maduro administration

When elected in 2013, Nicolás Maduro continued the majority of existing economic policies of his predecessor Hugo Chávez.

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Ecosphere (aquarium)

The EcoSphere and "Original Ecosphere" are trademark names for sealed blown-glass miniature aquaria produced by Ecosphere Associates, Inc., of Tucson, Arizona, United States.

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Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a community made up of living organisms and nonliving components such as air, water, and mineral soil.

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Ecotropism

Ecotropism or ecotropic (from eco – hearth and tropic – to turn towards) indicates that a pathogen, like a virus or a bacterium, has a narrow host range and can infect one or a small group of species or cell culture lines.

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Ectomycorrhiza

An ectomycorrhiza (from Greek ἐκτός ektos, "outside", μύκης mykes, "fungus", and ῥίζα rhiza, "root"; pl. ectomycorrhizas or ectomycorrhizae, abbreviated EcM) is a form of symbiotic relationship that occurs between a fungal symbiont and the roots of various plant species.

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Ectothiorhodospiraceae

The Ectothiorhodospiraceae are a family of purple sulfur bacteria, distinguished by producing sulfur globules outside of their cells.

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Edaphobacter modestus

Edaphobacter modestus is a species of bacteria.

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Edentulism

Edentulism or toothlessness is the condition of being toothless to at least some degree; in organisms (such as humans) that naturally have teeth (dentition), it is the result of tooth loss.

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Edgar Lissel

Edgar Lissel (born 1965 in Northeim, Germany) is a visual artist.

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Ediacaran biota

The Ediacaran (formerly Vendian) biota consisted of enigmatic tubular and frond-shaped, mostly sessile organisms that lived during the Ediacaran Period (ca. 635–542 Mya).

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Ediacaran type preservation

Ediacaran type preservation relates to the dominant preservational mode in the Ediacaran period, where Ediacaran organisms were preserved as casts on the surface of microbial mats.

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Edmond Nocard

Edmond Isidore Etienne Nocard (29 January 1850 – 2 August 1903), was a French veterinarian and microbiologist, born in Provins (Seine-et-Marne, France).

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Eduardo Kac

Eduardo Kac is a contemporary American artist and professor of Art and Technology Studies at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.

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Edward Abraham

Sir Edward Penley Abraham, (10 June 1913 – 8 May 1999) was an English biochemist instrumental in the development of the first antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin.

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Edward DeLong

Edward Francis DeLong is a marine microbiologist and professor in the Department of Oceanography at the University of Hawaii, Manoa, and is considered a pioneer in the field of metagenomics.

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Edward Tatum

Edward Lawrie Tatum (December 14, 1909 – November 5, 1975) was an American geneticist.

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Edwardsiella (bacterium)

Edwardsiella is a Gram-negative, fermentative genus of bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Edwardsiella ictaluri

Edwardsiella ictaluri (also known as Enteric Septicaemia of Catfish, Hole in the Head Disease, and ESC) is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family.

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Edwardsiella tarda

Edwardsiella tarda is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Edwin Klebs

Theodor Albrecht Edwin Klebs (6 February 1834 – 23 October 1913) was a German-Swiss pathologist.

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EF-G

EF-G (elongation factor G, historically known as translocase) is a prokaryotic elongation factor involved in protein translation.

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Effect of spaceflight on the human body

Humans venturing into the environment of space can have negative effects on the body.

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Effective (database)

Effective is a database of predicted bacterial secreted proteins.

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Effects of global warming on human health

The effects of global warming include its effects on human health.

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Effluent

Effluent is an outflowing of water or gas to natural body of water, or from a manmade structure.

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Egg as food

Eggs are laid by female animals of many different species, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, and fish, and have been eaten by humans for thousands of years.

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Egg taphonomy

Egg taphonomy is the study of the decomposition and fossilization of eggs.

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Eggerthella

Eggerthella is a bacterial genus of Actinobacteria, in the family Coriobacteriaceae.

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Eggerthia

Eggerthia is a genus from the family of Erysipelotrichidae, with one known species (Eggerthia catenaformis).

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Eggerthia catenaformis

Eggerthia catenaformis is a bacterium from the genus Eggerthia isolated from a dental abscess from a human.

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Ehrlichia

Ehrlichia is a genus of rickettsiales bacteria that is transmitted to vertebrates by ticks.

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Ehrlichia canis

Ehrlichia canis is an obligate, intracellular bacterium that acts as the causative agent of Ehrlichiosis, a disease most commonly affecting canine species.

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Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligate intracellular gram-negative species of rickettsiales bacteria.

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Ehrlichia ewingii

Ehrlichia ewingii is a species of rickettsiales bacteria.

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Ehrlichia muris

Ehrlichia muris is a species of pathogenic bacteria first isolated from mice, with type strain AS145T.

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Ehrlichia ruminantium

Heartwater (also known as cowdriosis, nintas and ehrlichiosis) is a tick-borne rickettsial disease of domestic and wild ruminants.

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Ehrlichia Wisconsin HM543746

Ehrlichia Wisconsin HM543746 is an unnamed tick bacterium that spread through Minnesota and Wisconsin in 2009 and is similar to Ehrlichia muris.

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Ehrlichiaceae

The Ehrlichiaceae are a family of bacteria, included in the order Rickettsiales.

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Ehrlichiosis

Ehrlichiosis is a tickborne bacterial infection, caused by bacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae, genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma.

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Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection

Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection is an infectious disease caused by an intracellular bacteria, Ehrlichia ewingii.

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Ehud Shapiro

Ehud Shapiro (אהוד שפירא; born 1955) is a multi-disciplinary scientist, artist, entrepreneur and a Professor of Computer Science and Biology at the Weizmann Institute of Science.

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Eichhornia crassipes

Eichhornia crassipes, commonly known as common water hyacinth, is an aquatic plant native to the Amazon basin, and is often a highly problematic invasive species outside its native range.

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Eichler system

A system of plant taxonomy, the Eichler system was the first phylogenetic (phyletic) or evolutionary system.

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EIF4G

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 G (eIF4G) is a protein involved in eukaryotic translation initiation and is a component of the eIF4F cap-binding complex.

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Eikenella corrodens

Eikenella corrodens is a fastidious Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacillus.

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Eisenbergiella tayi

Eisenbergiella tayi is a species of bacteria first isolated from human blood.

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Elastase

In molecular biology, elastase is an enzyme from the class of proteases (peptidases) that break down proteins.

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Electra pilosa

Electra pilosa is a species of colonial bryozoan in the order Cheilostomata.

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Electrical breakdown

Electrical breakdown or dielectric breakdown is when current flows through an electrical insulator when the voltage applied across it exceeds the breakdown voltage.

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Electrocoagulation

Electrocoagulation (EC), aka radio frequency diathermy or short wave electrolysis, is a technique used for wash water treatment, wastewater treatment, industrial processed water, and medical treatment.

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Electron cryotomography

Electron cryotomography (CryoET) is an imaging technique used to produce high-resolution (~4 nm) three-dimensional views of samples, typically biological macromolecules and cells.

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Electron donor

An electron donor is a chemical entity that donates electrons to another compound.

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Electron transport chain

An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane.

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Electroporation

Electroporation, or electropermeabilization, is a microbiology technique in which an electrical field is applied to cells in order to increase the permeability of the cell membrane, allowing chemicals, drugs, or DNA to be introduced into the cell.

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Eleftheria terrae

Eleftheria terrae (abbreviated E. terrae) is a recently discovered Gram-negative bacterium.

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Elizabeth Harry

Elizabeth "Liz" Harry is Professor of Biology and Director of the ithree institute (infection, immunology and innovation) at the University of Technology, Sydney, Australia (UTS).

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Elizabethkingia

Elizabethkingia is a genus of bacteria described in 2005, named after Elizabeth O. King, the discoverer of the type species.

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Elizabethkingia anophelis

Elizabethkingia anophelis is a bacterium isolated from the midgut of Anopheles gambiae G3 mosquitoes reared in captivity.

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Elizabethkingia endophytica

Elizabethkingia endophytica is a slightly yellow Gram-stain-negative rod-shaped bacterial strain isolated from the stem of healthy 10-day-old sweet corn (''Zea mays'').

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Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium widely distributed in nature (e.g. fresh water, salt water, or soil).

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Elizabethkingia miricola

Elizabethkingia miricola is a species of bacterium isolated from condensation water in Space Station Mir,Ying Li, Yoshiaki Kawamura, Nagatoshi Fujiwara, Takashi Naka, Hongsheng Liu, Xinxiang Huang, Kazuo Kobayashi & Takayuki Ezaki.

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Elk

The elk or wapiti (Cervus canadensis) is one of the largest species within the deer family, Cervidae, in the world, and one of the largest land mammals in North America and Eastern Asia.

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Elliptio crassidens

Commonly called an elephant-ear, Elliptio crassidens is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels.

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Elmer McCollum

Elmer Verner McCollum (March 3, 1879 – November 15, 1967) was an American biochemist known for his work on the influence of diet on health.

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Elusimicrobia

The phylum Elusimicrobia, previously known as "Feluscia Gargantus", has been shown to be widespread in different ecosystems like marine environment, sewage sludge, contaminated sites and soils, and toxic wastes.

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Elysium quadrangle

The Elysium quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program.

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Emmental cheese

Emmental (Emmentaler or Emmenthal) is a yellow, medium-hard Swiss cheese that originated in the area around Emmental, Canton Bern.

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Emphysematous cystitis

Emphysematous cystitis is a rare type of infection of the bladder wall by gas-forming bacteria or fungi.

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Empiric therapy

Empiric therapy or empirical therapy is therapy based on experience and, more specifically, therapy begun on the basis of a clinical educated guess in the absence of complete or perfect information.

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Emticicia

Emticicia is a Gram-negative bacterial genus from the family of Cytophagaceae.

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Emticicia aquatica

Emticicia aquatica is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Emticicia which has been isolated from fresh water in Korea.

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Emticicia ginsengisoli

Emticicia ginsengisoli is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Emticicia which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Pocheon in Korea.

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Encephalitis

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain.

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Endiandric acid C

Endiandric acid C, isolated from the tree Endiandra introrsa, is a well characterized chemical compound.

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Endocardium

The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue that lines the chambers of the heart.

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Endogenosymbiosis

Endogenosymbiosis is an evolutionary process, proposed by the evolutionary and environmental biologist Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, in which "gene carriers" (viruses, retroviruses and bacteriophages) and symbiotic prokaryotic cells (bacteria or archaea) could share parts or all of their genomes in an endogenous symbiotic relationship with their hosts.

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Endolith

An endolith is an organism (archaeon, bacterium, fungus, lichen, algae or amoeba) that lives inside rock, coral, animal shells, or in the pores between mineral grains of a rock.

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Endophyte

An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease.

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Endospore

An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria from the Firmicute phylum.

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Endosymbiont

An endosymbiont or endobiont is any organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism in a symbiotic relationship with the host body or cell, often but not always to mutual benefit.

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Energy flow (ecology)

Left: Energy flow diagram of a frog.

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English Lop

The English Lop is a fancy breed of domestic rabbit that was developed in England in the 19th century through selective breeding.

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English words of Greek origin

The Greek language has contributed to the English vocabulary in five main ways.

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Enhanced biological phosphorus removal

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a sewage treatment configuration applied to activated sludge systems for the removal of phosphate.

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Enhancer trap

An enhancer trap is a method in molecular biology that allows hijacking of an enhancer from another gene, and so, identification of enhancers.

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Enhydrobacter

Enhydrobacter is a genus of bacteria which belongs to the class Gammaproteobacteria.

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Enhydrobacter aerosaccus

Enhydrobacter aerosaccus is a gram negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non motile bacterium which contains gas vacuoles from the genus of Enhydrobacter which was isolated from the Wintergreen Lake in Michigan.

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Enoyl CoA isomerase

Enoyl-CoA-(∆) isomerase, also known as dodecenoyl-CoA-(∆) isomerase, 3,2-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase, ∆3(cis),∆2(trans)-enoyl-CoA isomerase, or acetylene-allene isomerase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cis-or trans-double bonds of fatty acids at gamma-carbon (position 3) to trans double bonds at beta-carbon (position 2).

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Ensembl genome database project

Ensembl genome database project is a joint scientific project between the European Bioinformatics Institute and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, which was launched in 1999 in response to the imminent completion of the Human Genome Project.

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Ensembl Genomes

Ensembl Genomes is a scientific project to provide genome-scale data from non-vertebrate species.

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Ent-Copalyl diphosphate synthase

In enzymology, an ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, and one product, ''ent''-copalyl pyrophosphate.

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Entamoeba coli

Entamoeba coli is a non-pathogenic species of Entamoeba that frequently exists as a commensal parasite in the human gastrointestinal tract.

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Enteric bacteria (disambiguation)

Enteric bacteria are bacteria of the intestines, and may refer to.

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Entericidin

In molecular biology, entericidins are bacterial antidote/toxin peptides.

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Enterobacter

Enterobacter is a genus of common Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Enterobacter aerogenes

Klebsiella aerogenes, previously known as Enterobacter aerogenes, is a Gram-negative, oxidase negative, catalase positive, citrate positive, indole negative, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Enterobacter cloacae

Enterobacter cloacae is a clinically significant Gram-negative, facultatively-anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Enterobacter cowanii

Enterobacter cowanii is a Gram-negative, motile, facultatively-anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Enterobacter.

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Enterobacter taylorae

Enterobacter taylorae is a Gram-negative bacteria formerly known as Enteric Group 19, and also known as Enterobacter cancerogenus.

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Enterobacteria phage 186

Enterobacteria phage 186 is a virus of the family Myoviridae, genus P2likevirus.

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Enterobacteria phage PsP3

Enterobacteria phage PsP3 is a virus of the family Myoviridae, genus P2likevirus.

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Enterobacteria phage Wphi

Enterobacteria phage Wphi is a virus of the family Myoviridae, genus P2-like viruses.

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Enterobactin

Enterobactin (also known as Enterochelin) is a high affinity siderophore that acquires iron for microbial systems.

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Enterococcaceae

The Enterococcaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria placed in the order Lactobacillales.

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Enterococcus

Enterococcus is a large genus of lactic acid bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes.

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Enterococcus avium

Enterococcus avium, a species of Enterococcus, is most commonly found in birds.

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Enterococcus durans

Enterococcus durans is a species of Enterococcus.

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Enterococcus faecalis

Enterococcus faecalis – formerly classified as part of the group D Streptococcus system – is a Gram-positive, commensal bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other mammals.

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Enterococcus faecium

Enterococcus faecium is a Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic or nonhemolytic bacterium in the genus Enterococcus.

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Enterococcus gallinarum

Enterococcus gallinarum is a species of Enterococcus.

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Enterococcus haemoperoxidus

Enterococcus haemoperoxidus is a species of Enterococcus with type strain CCM 4851T (.

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Enterococcus hirae

Enterococcus hirae is a species of Enterococcus.

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Enterococcus malodoratus

Enterococcus malodoratus is a species of the Enterococcus genus and a gram positive bacteria capable of opportunistic pathogenic response.

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Enterococcus moraviensis

Enterococcus moraviensis is a species of Enterococcus with type strain CCM 4856T (.

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Enterococcus mundtii

Enterococcus mundtii is a species of Enterococcus.

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Enterococcus pseudoavium

Enterococcus pseudoavium is a species of Enterococcus.

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Enterococcus raffinosus

Enterococcus raffinosus is a species of Enterococcus.

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Enterococcus solitarius

Enterococcus solitarius is a species of Enterococcus.

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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a type of Escherichia coli and one of the leading bacterial causes of diarrhea in the developing world, as well as the most common cause of travelers' diarrhea.

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Enterotoxin type B

In the field of molecular biology, enterotoxin type B, also known as Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), is an enterotoxin produced by the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.

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Entner–Doudoroff pathway

The Entner–Doudoroff pathway (ED pathway) describes a pathway—a series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions—that are active in bacterial primary metabolism, a pathway that catabolizes glucose to pyruvic acid using enzymes distinct either from those used in glycolysis or the pentose phosphate pathway (the latter two being most widely used in the Bacteria).

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Entomophagy

Entomophagy (from Greek ἔντομον éntomon, "insect", and φᾰγεῖν phagein, "to eat") is the human use of insects as food.

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Entomoplasma

Entomoplasma is a mollicute bacteria genus.

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Entomoplasma freundtii

Entomoplasma freundtii is a mollicute bacteria species that can be isolated from the green tiger beetle (Cicindela campestris, Coleoptera: Cicindelidae).

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Entomoplasmatales

Entomoplasmatales is a small order of mollicute bacteria.

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Entomovector

An entomovector is a pollinating insect used as a vector to spread a substance used in the biocontrol of plant pests and diseases.

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Entophysalidaceae

The Entophysalidaceae is a family of cyanobacteria.

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Environmental biotechnology

Environmental biotechnology is biotechnology that is applied to and used to study the natural environment.

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Environmental control system (aircraft)

The environmental control system (ECS) of an aircraft provides air supply, thermal control and cabin pressurization for the crew and passengers.

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Environmental impact of shipping

The environmental impact of shipping includes greenhouse gas emissions, acoustic, and oil pollution.

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Environmental issues in Afghanistan

Environmental issues in Afghanistan predate the political turmoil of the past few decades.

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Environmental issues in Hawaii

The majority of environmental issues affecting Hawaii today are related to pressures from increasing human and animal population and urban expansion both directly on the islands as well as overseas.

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Environmental issues in the Niger Delta

The key environmental issues in the Niger Delta of Nigeria relate to its petroleum industry.

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Environmental issues on Maury Island

The environmental issues on Maury Island are linked to broader Puget Sound environmental issues, which include concerns regarding declining salmon and forage fish populations, degrading critical marine and shoreline habitats, and threatened species such as the Orca.

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Environmental issues with coral reefs

Human impact on coral reefs is significant.

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Environmental medicine

Environmental medicine is a multidisciplinary field involving medicine, environmental science, chemistry and others, overlapping with environmental pathology.

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Environmental monitoring

Environmental monitoring describes the processes and activities that need to take place to characterise and monitor the quality of the environment.

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Environmental policy of the United States

The environmental policy of the United States is a federal governmental action to regulate activities that have an environmental impact in the United States.

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Environmental remediation

Environmental remediation deals with the removal of pollution or contaminants from environmental media such as soil, groundwater, sediment, or surface water.

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EnvZ/OmpR two-component system

EnvZ/OmpR is a two-component regulatory system widely distributed in bacteria and particularly well characterized in Escherichia coli.

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Enzyme assay

Enzyme assays are laboratory methods for measuring enzymatic activity.

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Eobacterium

Eobacterium is an extinct genus of bacteria from the Fig Tree Formation in Africa.

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Eocyte hypothesis

The Eocyte hypothesis is a biological classification that indicates eukaryotes emerged within the prokaryotic Crenarchaeota (formerly known as eocytes), a phylum within the archaea.

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Eosinophil peroxidase

Eosinophil peroxidase is an enzyme found within the eosinophil granulocytes, innate immune cells of humans and mammals.

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Eosinophilic folliculitis

Eosinophilic folliculitis (also known as "Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis" and "Sterile eosinophilic pustulosis"James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders..) is an itchy rash with an unknown cause that is most common among individuals with HIV, though it can occur in HIV-negative individuals where it is known by the eponym Ofuji disease.

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Epi-isozizaene 5-monooxygenase

Epi-isozizaene 5-monooxygenase (CYP170A1) is an enzyme with systematic name (+)-epi-isozizaene,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxylating).

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Epidermoid cyst

An epidermoid cyst or epidermal inclusion cyst is a benign cyst usually found on the skin.

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Epididymitis

Epididymitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the epididymis, a curved structure at the back of the testicle.

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Epiglottitis

Epiglottitis is inflammation of the epiglottis—the flap at the base of the tongue that keeps food from going into the trachea (windpipe).

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Epiphytic bacteria

Epiphytic bacteria are bacteria which live non-parasitically on the surface of a plant on various organs such as the leaves, roots, flowers, buds, seeds and fruit.

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Epistasis

Epistasis is the phenomenon where the effect of one gene (locus) is dependent on the presence of one or more 'modifier genes', i.e. the genetic background.

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Epixenosomes

Epixenosomes, also known as Candidatus Epixenosoma are a genus of bacteria in the phylum Verrucomicrobia that form a symbiosis with marine ciliates of the genus Euplotidium, where they help to defend their ciliate hosts against predators.

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EPPO Code

An EPPO code, formerly known as a Bayer code, is an encoded identifier that is used by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), in a system designed to uniquely identify organisms – namely plants, pests and pathogens – that are important to agriculture and crop protection.

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Eps-Associated RNA element

The eps-Associated RNA element (EAR; also called epsC motif) is a conserved RNA motif associated with exopolysaccharide (eps) or capsule biosynthesis genes in a subset of bacteria classified within the order Bacillales.

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Epsilon 15

Epsilon 15 (or ε15) is a virus, specifically a bacteriophage, known to infect species of Salmonella bacteria including Salmonella anatum.

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Epulopiscium fishelsoni

Epulopiscium fishelsoni, or "epulo" for short, is a species of Gram-positive bacteria that have a symbiotic relationship with surgeonfish.

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Equine anatomy

Equine anatomy refers to the gross and microscopic anatomy of horses and other equids, including donkeys, and zebras.

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Equine lymphangitis

Equine lymphangitis is an inflammation or swelling associated with impairment of the lymphatic system, particularly in a limb, in horses.

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Eremophila bignoniiflora

Eremophila bignoniiflora, commonly known as Bignonia emu bush, creek wilga, dogwood, eurah, gooramurra, kurumbimi (Jingulu and Mudburra languages) and river argee is a plant in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to the Northern Territory and all mainland states of Australia.

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Eric Pianka

Eric Rodger Pianka (born January 23, 1939) is an American herpetologist and evolutionary ecologist.

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Erich Hoffmann

Erich Hoffmann (April 25, 1868 – May 8, 1959) was a German dermatologist who was a native of Witzmitz, Pomerania.

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Eristalis tenax

Eristalis tenax is a hoverfly, also known as the drone fly (or "dronefly").

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Ernest Duchesne

Ernest Duchesne (30 May 1874 – 12 April 1912) was a French physician who noted that certain molds kill bacteria.

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Erwin Frink Smith

Erwin Frink Smith (21 January 1854 – 6 April 1927) was an American plant pathologist with the United States Department of Agriculture.

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Erwin Payr

Erwin Payr (17 February 1871 – 6 April 1946) was an Austrian-German surgeon born in Innsbruck.

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Erwinia

Erwinia is a genus of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria containing mostly plant pathogenic species which was named for the famous plant pathologist, Erwin Frink Smith.

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Erwinia papayae

Erwinia papayae is a bacteria species causing bacterial crown rot, or bacterial canker, a noteworthy and grave disease of papaya (Carica papaya).

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Erwinia psidii

Erwinia psidii is a Gram-negative bacterium and a phytopathogen of the common guava (Psidium guajava), causing rot in branches, flowers and fruits.

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Erwinia pyrifoliae

Erwinia pyrifoliae is a Gram-negative bacterium and a phytopathogen of Asian pear trees (Pyrus pyrifolia), causing necrotic disease.

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Erysipelas

Erysipelas is an acute infection typically with a skin rash, usually on any of the legs and toes, face, arms, and fingers.

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Erysipelothrix

Erysipelothrix is a genus of bacteria containing four described species, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Erysipelothrix tonsillarum, Erysipelothrix inopinata and Erysipelothrix larvae.

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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming, nonacid-fast, nonmotile bacterium.

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Erysipelotrichaceae

The Erysipelotrichaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Erysipelotrichia

The Erysipelotrichia are a class of bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes.

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Erythritol

Erythritol ((2R,3S)-butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol) is a sugar alcohol (or polyol) that has been approved for use as a food additive in the United States and throughout much of the world.

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Erythrobacter

Erythrobacter is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria genus from the family of Sphingomonadaceae.

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Erythrobacter aquimaris

Erythrobacter aquimaris is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, slightly halophilic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Erythrobacter which has been isolated from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

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Erythrobacter atlanticus

Erythrobacter atlanticus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile bacteria from the genus of Erythrobacter which has been isolated from deep-sea sediments from the Atlantic Ocean.

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Erythrobacter citreus

Erythrobacter citreus is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Erythrobacter which has been isolated from the Bay of Calvi from the Mediterranean Sea near Corsica.

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Erythrobacter flavus

Erythrobacter flavus is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, slightly halophilic and motile bacteria from the genus of Erythrobacter which has been isolated from sea water from the East Sea from the Hwajinpo beach in Korea.

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Erythrobacter gaetbuli

Erythrobacter gaetbuli is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and slightly halophilic bacteria from the genus of Erythrobacter which has been isolated from sea water from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

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Erythrobacter gangjinensis

Erythrobacter gangjinensis is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacteria from the genus of Erythrobacter which has been isolated from seawater from Gangjin Bay in Korea.

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Erythrobacter jejuensis

Erythrobacter jejuensis is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Erythrobacter which has been isolated from seawater from the coast of Jeju Island in Korea.

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Erythrobacter litoralis

Erythrobacter litoralis is a species of bacterium.

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Erythrobacter longus

Erythrobacter longus is a species of bacteria, the genus' type species.

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Erythrobacter luteus

Erythrobacter luteus is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacteria from the genus of Erythrobacter which has been isolated from mangrove sediment from the Yunxiao mangrove National Nature Reserve in the Fujian Province in China.

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Erythrobacter lutimaris

Erythrobacter lutimaris is a Gram-negative, oval-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Erythrobacter which has been isolated from tidal flat sediment from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

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Erythrobacter marinus

Erythrobacter marinus is a Gram-negative, ovoid to rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Erythrobacter which has been isolated from seawater from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

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Erythrobacter nanhaisediminis

Erythrobacter nanhaisediminis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and slightly halophilic bacteria from the genus of Erythrobacter which has been isolated from sediment from the South China Sea.

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Erythrobacter odishensis

Erythrobacter odishensis is a bacterium from the genus of Erythrobacter which has been isolated from dry soil.

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Erythrobacter pelagi

Erythrobacter pelagi is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Erythrobacter which has been isolated from the Red Sea.

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Erythrobacter seohaensis

Erythrobacter seohaensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and slightly halophilic bacteria from the genus of Erythrobacter which has been isolated from sea water from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

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Erythrobacter vulgaris

Erythrobacter vulgaris is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacteria from the genus of Erythrobacter which has been isolated from a starfish (Stellaster equestris) from the South China Sea.

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Erythrobacteraceae

Erythrobacteraceae is a bacterium family in the order of Sphingomonadales.

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Erythromicrobium

Erythromicrobium is a Gram-negative and pleomorphic genus from the family of Sphingomonadaceae which produces bacteriochlorophyll A and carotenoid.

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Erythromicrobium ramosum

Erythromicrobium ramosum is a species of bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Escape and radiate coevolution

Escape and radiate coevolution is a multistep process that hypothesizes that an organism under constraints from other organisms will develop new defenses, allowing it to "escape" and then "radiate" into differing species.

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Escherichia

Escherichia is a genus of Gram-negative, nonspore forming, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Escherichia albertii

Escherichia albertii is a species of bacteria in the same genus as E. coli.

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Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli (also known as E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).

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Escherichia coli O104:H21

Escherichia coli O104:H21 is a rare serotype of Escherichia coli, a species of bacteria that lives in the lower intestines of mammals.

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Escherichia coli O104:H4

Escherichia coli O104:H4 is an enteroaggregative ''Escherichia coli'' strain of the bacterium Escherichia coli, and the cause of the 2011 ''Escherichia coli'' O104:H4 outbreak.

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Escherichia coli O121

Escherichia coli O121 is a pathogenic serotype of Escherichia coli, associated with Shiga toxin, intestinal bleeding, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS).

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Escherichia coli O157:H7

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a serotype of the bacterial species Escherichia coli and is one of the Shiga toxin–producing types of E. coli.

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Escherichia fergusonii

Escherichia fergusonii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped species of bacterium.

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Escherichia hermannii

Escherichia hermannii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped species of bacterium.

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Escherichia vulneris

Escherichia vulneris is a species of Gram-negative bacteria in the same genus as E. coli.

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Eshel Ben-Jacob

Eshel Ben-Jacob (full name Eshel Refael Ben-Jacob Breslav; אשל רפאל בן-יעקב 13 April 1952 – 5 June 2015), was a theoretical and experimental physicist at Tel Aviv University, holder of the Maguy-Glass Chair in Physics of Complex Systems, and Fellow of the Center for Theoretical Biological Physics (CTBP) at Rice University.

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Esmond Emerson Snell

Esmond Emerson Snell (September 22, 1914 – December 9, 2003) was an American biochemist who spent his career researching vitamins and nutritional requirements of bacteria and yeast.

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Estuary

An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.

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Etest

Etest, (previously known as Epsilometer test) manufactured by bioMérieux, is a manual in vitro diagnostic device used by laboratories to determine the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and whether or not a specific strain of bacterium or fungus is susceptible to the action of a specific antimicrobial.

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Ethanol

Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.

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Ethanol fuel

Ethanol fuel is ethyl alcohol, the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, used as fuel.

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Ethanol-induced non-lamellar phases in phospholipids

The presence of ethanol can lead to the formations of non-lamellar phases also known as non-bilayer phases.

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Ethanoligenens harbinense

Ethanoligenens harbinense is a strictly anaerobic bacterium.

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Ethel M Botanical Cactus Garden

Ethel M Botanical Cactus Gardens is a botanical garden located at the Ethel M Chocolate Factory, 2 Cactus Garden Drive, Henderson, Nevada.

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Ether lipid

In an organic chemistry general sense, an ether lipid implies an ether bridge between an alkyl group (a lipid) and an unspecified alkyl or aryl group, not necessarily glycerol.

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Eubacteriaceae

The Eubacteriaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria in the order Clostridiales.

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Eubacterium

Eubacterium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Eubacteriaceae.

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Eubacterium acidaminophilum

Eubacterium acidaminophilum is a Gram-positive bacterium species in the genus Eubacterium, notable for being an amino acid-degrading obligate anaerobe producing or utilizing H2 or formate.

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Eubacterium barkeri

Eubacterium barkeri, previously known as Clostridium barkeri, is a bacterium belonging to the Firmicutes.

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Eubacterium nodatum

Eubacterium nodatum is a Gram positive member of the oral flora of some patients with chronic periodontitis.

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Eubacterium oxidoreducens

Eubacterium oxidoreducens is a Gram positive bacterium species in the genus Eubacterium.

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Eucalyptus oil

Eucalyptus oil is the generic name for distilled oil from the leaf of Eucalyptus, a genus of the plant family Myrtaceae native to Australia and cultivated worldwide.

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Euglenid

Euglenids (euglenoids, or euglenophytes, formally Euglenida/Euglenoida, ICZN, or Euglenophyceae, ICBN) are one of the best-known groups of flagellates, which are excavate eukaryotes of the phylum Euglenophyta and their cell structure is typical of that group.

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Euglenozoa

The euglenozoa are a large group of flagellate excavates.

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Euglyphida

The euglyphids are a prominent group of filose amoebae that produce shells or tests from siliceous scales, plates, and sometimes spines.

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Eukaryote

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).

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Eukaryotic ribosome (80S)

Ribosomes are a large and complex molecular machine that catalyzes the synthesis of proteins, referred to as translation.

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Euphausia crystallorophias

Euphausia crystallorophias is a species of krill, sometimes called ice krill, crystal krill, or Antarctic coastal krill.

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Euprymna scolopes

Euprymna scolopes, also known as the Hawaiian bobtail squid, is a species of bobtail squid in the family Sepiolidae native to the central Pacific Ocean, where it occurs in shallow coastal waters off the Hawaiian Islands and Midway Island.

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Euprymna tasmanica

Euprymna tasmanica, also known as the southern dumpling squid or southern bobtail squid, is a bobtail squid that lives in the shallow (0.5 m to at least 80 m) temperate coastal waters of southern Australia's continental shelf.

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European rabbit

The European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) or coney is a species of rabbit native to southwestern Europe (including Spain, Portugal and Western France) and to northwest Africa (including Morocco and Algeria).

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Eurybacteria

Eurybacteria is a taxon created by Cavalier-Smith, which includes several groups of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Eusideroxylon zwageri

Eusideroxylon zwageri is a rare timber tree native to the Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines region.

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Even-toed ungulate

The even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla) are ungulates (hoofed animals) whose weight is borne equally by the third and fourth toes.

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Everett Peter Greenberg

Everett Peter Greenberg (born November 7, 1948) is an American microbiologist.

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Evidence of common descent

Evidence of common descent of living organisms has been discovered by scientists researching in a variety of disciplines over many decades, demonstrating that all life on Earth comes from a single ancestor.

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Evolution

Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

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Evolution in Variable Environment

Evolution in Variable Environment (EVE) is a computer program designed to simulate microbial cellular behavior in various environments.

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Evolution of cells

Evolution of cells refers to the evolutionary origin and subsequent evolutionary development of cells.

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Evolution of flagella

The evolution of flagella is of great interest to biologists because the three known varieties of flagella (eukaryotic, bacterial, and archaeal) each represent a sophisticated cellular structure that requires the interaction of many different systems.

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Evolution of mammals

The evolution of mammals has passed through many stages since the first appearance of their synapsid ancestors in the late Carboniferous period.

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Evolution of schizophrenia

The evolution of schizophrenia refers to the theory of natural selection working in favor of selecting traits that are characteristic of the disorder.

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Evolution of sexual reproduction

The evolution of sexual reproduction describes how sexually reproducing animals, plants, fungi and protists evolved from a common ancestor that was a single celled eukaryotic species.

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Evolution: A Theory in Crisis

Evolution: A Theory in Crisis is a 1985 book by Michael Denton, in which the author argues that the scientific theory of evolution by natural selection is a "theory in crisis".

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Evolutionary developmental biology

Evolutionary developmental biology (informally, evo-devo) is a field of biological research that compares the developmental processes of different organisms to infer the ancestral relationships between them and how developmental processes evolved.

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Evolutionary history of life

The evolutionary history of life on Earth traces the processes by which both living organisms and fossil organisms evolved since life emerged on the planet, until the present.

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Ewingella americana

Ewingella americana is a Gram-negative rod, and the only species in the genus Ewingella.

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Exiguobacterium

Exiguobacterium is a genus of bacilli and a member of the low GC phyla of Firmicutes.

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Exoenzyme

An exoenzyme, or extracellular enzyme, is an enzyme that is secreted by a cell and functions outside of that cell.

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Exonuclease VII

In molecular biology, exonuclease VII (Escherichia coli exonuclease VII, E. coli exonuclease VII, endodeoxyribonuclease VII, Exodeoxyribonuclease VII) is a bacterial exonuclease enzyme.

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Exoribonuclease

An exoribonuclease is an exonuclease ribonuclease, which are enzymes that degrade RNA by removing terminal nucleotides from either the 5' end or the 3' end of the RNA molecule.

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Exoskeleton

An exoskeleton (from Greek έξω, éxō "outer" and σκελετός, skeletós "skeleton") is the external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body, in contrast to the internal skeleton (endoskeleton) of, for example, a human.

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Exosome complex

The exosome complex (or PM/Scl complex, often just called the exosome) is a multi-protein intracellular complex capable of degrading various types of RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecules.

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Exosporium

The exosporium is the outer surface layer of mature spores.

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Exotoxin

An exotoxin is a toxin secreted by bacteria.

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Expedition 11

Expedition 11 (2005) was the 11th expedition to the International Space Station, using the Soyuz TMA-6, which stayed during the expedition for emergency evacuation.

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Experimental evolution

Experimental evolution is the use of laboratory experiments or controlled field manipulations to explore evolutionary dynamics.

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Expression cloning

Expression cloning is a technique in DNA cloning that uses expression vectors to generate a library of clones, with each clone expressing one protein.

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Extermination (video game)

Extermination（エクスターミネーション）is a survival horror video game for PlayStation 2.

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Extranuclear inheritance

Extranuclear inheritance or cytoplasmic inheritance is the transmission of genes that occur outside the nucleus.

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Extraterrestrial life

Extraterrestrial life,Where "extraterrestrial" is derived from the Latin extra ("beyond", "not of") and terrestris ("of Earth", "belonging to Earth").

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ExtraTrain

ExtraTrain is a database of regulatory DNA signals located in the extragenic regions of the prokaryotic genome.

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Extremophile

An extremophile (from Latin extremus meaning "extreme" and Greek philiā (φιλία) meaning "love") is an organism that thrives in physically or geochemically extreme conditions that are detrimental to most life on Earth.

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Eyelid

An eyelid is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects the human eye.

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Eyes (cheese)

Eyes are the round holes that are a characteristic feature of Swiss-type cheese (e.g. Emmentaler cheese) and some Dutch-type cheeses.

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F-ratio

In oceanic biogeochemistry, the f-ratio is the fraction of total primary production fuelled by nitrate (as opposed to that fuelled by other nitrogen compounds such as ammonium).

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Fabaceae

The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, Article 18.5 states: "The following names, of long usage, are treated as validly published:....Leguminosae (nom. alt.: Fabaceae; type: Faba Mill.);...

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Fabibacter

Fabibacter is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and chemoorganotrophic genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae.

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Fabibacter halotolerans

Fabibacter halotolerans is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and chemoorganotrophic bacterium from the genus of Fabibacter which has been isolated from a marine sponge on the Bahamas.

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Fabibacter misakiensis

Fabibacter misakiensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic and slightly curved-rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Fabibacter which has been isolated from coastal surface water of Misaki in Japan.

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Fabibacter pacificus

Fabibacter pacificus is a Gram-negative, aerobic and moderately halophilic bacterium from the genus of Fabibacter which has been isolated from seawater from a depth of 2672 m from the Pacific Ocean.

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Facial nerve decompression

Facial nerve decompression is a type of nerve decompression surgery where abnormal compression on the facial nerve is relieved.

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Facilitated diffusion

Facilitated diffusion (also known as facilitated transport or passive-mediated transport) is the process of spontaneous passive transport (as opposed to active transport) of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.

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Factor H

Factor H is a member of the regulators of complement activation family and is a complement control protein.

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FAD reductase (NAD(P)H)

FAD reductase (NAD(P)H) (GTNG_3158 (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name FADH2:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase.

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Faecalibacterium

Faecalibacterium is a genus of bacteria.

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Fahr's syndrome

Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, also known as Fahr disease, is a rare, genetically dominant, inherited neurological disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of calcium in areas of the brain that control movement.

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Fail-safes in nanotechnology

Fail-safes in nanotechnology are devices or features integrated with nanotechnology which, in the event of failure, respond in a way that will cause no harm, or at least a minimum of harm, to other devices or personnel.

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Faiyumi

The Faiyumi is a breed of chicken originating in Egypt.

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Falcivibrio

Falcivibrio is a genus of bacteria, in the family of Bifidobacteriaceae.

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FAM214A

Protein FAM214A, also known as protein family with sequence similarity 214, A (FAM214A) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the FAM214A gene.

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FAM76A

FAM76A is a protein that in Homo sapiens is encoded by the FAM76A gene.

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Fancy mouse

A fancy mouse (“fancy” means “hobby” in this context) is a domesticated form of the house mouse (Mus musculus), usually bred as a pet; a type of pocket pet.

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Fart lighting

Fart lighting, also known as pyroflatulence or flatus ignition, is the practice of igniting the gases produced by human flatulence, often producing a flame of a blue hue, hence the act being known colloquially as a "blue angel", "blue dart", or in Australia, a "blue flame".

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Fascial spaces of the head and neck

Fascial spaces (also termed fascial tissue spaces or tissue spaces) are potential spaces that exist between the fasciae and underlying organs and other tissues.

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Fasciation

Fasciation (pronounced, from the Latin root meaning "band" or "stripe"), also known as cresting, is a relatively rare condition of abnormal growth in vascular plants in which the apical meristem (growing tip), which normally is concentrated around a single point and produces approximately cylindrical tissue, instead becomes elongated perpendicularly to the direction of growth, thus, producing flattened, ribbon-like, crested (or "cristate"), or elaborately contorted tissue.

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Fasciclin domain

In molecular biology, the fasciclin domain (FAS1 domain) is an extracellular domain of about 140 amino acid residues.

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Fastidious organism

A fastidious organism is any organism that has a complex nutritional requirement.

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FasX small RNA

In molecular biology, the FasX small RNA (fibronectin/fibrinogen-binding/haemolytic-activity/streptokinase-regulator-X) is a non-coding small RNA (sRNA) produced by all group A Streptococcus.

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Fat choy

Fat choy (Nostoc flagelliforme) is a terrestrial cyanobacterium (a type of photosynthetic bacteria) that is used as a vegetable in Chinese cuisine.

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Fatty acid metabolism regulator protein FadR

In molecular biology, the fatty acid metabolism regulator protein FadR, is a bacterial transcription factor.

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Feature-oriented scanning

Feature-oriented scanning (FOS), also object-oriented scanning (OOS), is a method of precision measurement of surface topography with a scanning probe microscope in which surface features (objects) are used as reference points for microscope probe attachment.

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Fecal coliform

A fecal coliform (British: faecal coliform) is a facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-sporulating bacterium.

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Feces

Feces (or faeces) are the solid or semisolid remains of the food that could not be digested in the small intestine.

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Feeding Everyone No Matter What

Feeding Everyone No Matter What: Managing Food Security After Global Catastrophe is a book written by David Denkenberger and Joshua M. Pearce and published by Elsevier under their Academic Press.

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Feline calicivirus

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a virus of the family Caliciviridae that causes disease in cats.

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Feline cystitis

Feline cystitis is associated with feline urological syndrome, feline lower urinary tract disease, and feline idiopathic cystitis.

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Fellatio

Fellatio (also known as fellation, and in slang as blowjob, BJ, giving head, or sucking off) is an oral sex act involving the use of the mouth or throat, which is usually performed by a person on the penis of another person.

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Female reproductive system

The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring.

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Ferdinand Hueppe

Ferdinand Adolph Theophil Hueppe (Born August 24, 1852 in Neuwied-Heddesdorf, died September 15, 1938 in Dresden, Germany) was, from 1900 to 1904, the first Deutscher Fußball-Bund (DFB, German Football Association) president.

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Fermentation

Fermentation is a metabolic process that consumes sugar in the absence of oxygen.

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Fermentation in food processing

Fermentation in food processing is the process of converting carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—under anaerobic conditions.

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Fermentation in winemaking

The process of fermentation in winemaking turns grape juice into an alcoholic beverage.

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Fermentation starter

A fermentation starter (called simply starter within the corresponding context, sometimes called a mother) is a preparation to assist the beginning of the fermentation process in preparation of various foods and fermented drinks.

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Fermentative hydrogen production

Fermentative hydrogen production is the fermentative conversion of organic substrates to H2.

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Fermented milk products

Fermented milk products, also known as cultured dairy foods, cultured dairy products, or cultured milk products, are dairy foods that have been fermented with lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Leuconostoc.

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Fernando Bolívar Galiano

Fernando Bolivar Galiano was born on October 5, 1965, in (Alcalá la Real, Jaén, España, 1965), the son of José Bolívar Gómez de Urda and Concepción G. Suárez de Urbina.

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Fernando E. Rodríguez Vargas

Major Fernando E. Rodríguez Vargas, DDS (February 24, 1888 – October 21, 1932) was an odontologist (dentist), scientist and a Major in the U.S. Army who discovered the bacteria which causes dental caries.

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Ferredoxin—NADP(+) reductase

In enzymology, a ferredoxin-NADP reductase abbreviated FNR, is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are reduced ferredoxin, NADP+, and H+, whereas its two products are oxidized ferredoxin and NADPH.

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Ferribacterium

Ferribacterium is a genus of bacteria from the family of Rhodocyclaceae which belongs to the class of Betaproteobacteria.

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Ferribacterium limneticum

Ferribacterium limneticum is a gram negative, obligately anaerobe, Fe(III)-reducing, motil bacterium from the genus of Azonexus which was isolated from mining impacted lake sediments.

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Ferric

Ferric refers to iron-containing materials or compounds.

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Ferric uptake regulator family

In molecular biology, the ferric uptake regulator family is a family of bacterial proteins involved in regulating metal ion uptake and in metal homeostasis.

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Ferrihydrite

Ferrihydrite (Fh) is a widespread hydrous ferric oxyhydroxide mineral at the Earth's surface, and a likely constituent in extraterrestrial materials.

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Fervidobacterium changbaicum

Fervidobacterium changbaicum is a species of thermophilic anaerobic bacteria.

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Fervidobacterium gondwanense

Fervidobacterium gondwanense is a species of thermophilic anaerobic bacteria.

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Fervidobacterium islandicum

Fervidobacterium islandicum is a species of extremely thermophilic anaerobic bacteria, first isolated from an Icelandic hot spring.

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Fibre supplements

Fibre supplements (or fiber supplements) are considered to be a form of a subgroup of functional dietary fibre, and in the United States are defined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM).

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Fibre-reinforced plastic tanks and vessels

FRP (Fibreglass Reinforced Plastics, also known as GRP, or Glass Reinforced Plastics) is a modern composite material of construction for chemical plant equipment like tanks and vessels.

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Fibrinolysin

Fibrinolysin is an enzyme derived from plasma of bovine origin or extracted from cultures of certain bacteria.

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Fibrobacter succinogenes

Fibrobacter succinogenes is a cellulolytic bacterium species in the genus Fibrobacter.

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Fibrobacteres

Fibrobacteres is a small bacterial phylum which includes many of the major rumen bacteria, allowing for the degradation of plant-based cellulose in ruminant animals.

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Fictibacillus arsenicus

Fictibacillus arsenicus, also known as Bacillus arsenicus, is a bacterium.

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Fidaxomicin

Fidaxomicin (trade names Dificid, Dificlir, and previously OPT-80 and PAR-101) is the first in a new class of narrow spectrum macrocyclic antibiotic drugs. It is a fermentation product obtained from the actinomycete Dactylosporangium aurantiacum subspecies hamdenesis. Fidaxomicin is non-systemic, meaning it is minimally absorbed into the bloodstream, it is bactericidal, and it has demonstrated selective eradication of pathogenic Clostridium difficile with minimal disruption to the multiple species of bacteria that make up the normal, healthy intestinal flora. The maintenance of normal physiological conditions in the colon can reduce the probability of Clostridium difficile infection recurrence. It is marketed by Cubist Pharmaceuticals after acquisition of its originating company Optimer Pharmaceuticals. The target use is for treatment of Clostridium difficile infection. Fidaxomicin is available in a 200 mg tablet that is administered every 12 hours for a recommended duration of 10 days. Total duration of therapy should be determined by the patient's clinical status. It is currently one of the most expensive antibiotics approved for use. A standard course costs upwards of £1350.

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Fig Tree Formation

The Fig Tree Formation is a stromatolite-containing geological formation in South Africa.

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Filamentation

Filamentation is the anomalous growth of certain bacteria, such as E. coli, in which cells continue to elongate but do not divide (no septa formation).

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Filamentous bacteriophage

A filamentous bacteriophage is a type of bacteriophage, or virus of bacteria, defined by its filament-like or rod-like shape.

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Filibacter

Filibacter is a Gram-negative strictly aerobic bacteria genus from the family of Planococcaceae.

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Filibacter limicola

Filibacter limicola is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Filibacter which has been isolated from lake sediment from the English Lake District in Blelham Tarn in England.

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Filifactor

Filifactor, is a genus of bacteriae belonging to the Firmicutes.

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Filifactor villosus

Filifactor villosus, previously known as Clostridium villosum, is a bacterium belonging to the Firmicutes.

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Filobacillus

Filobacillus is a genus of bacteria within the phylum Firmicutes.

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Filobacillus milensis

Filobacillus milensis is a species of halophilic spore-forming bacteria, the type and only current species of its genus.

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Filomicrobium

Filomicrobium is a genus of bacteria from the family of Hyphomicrobiaceae which was first described in 1987 by Schlesner.

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Filomicrobium fusiforme

Filomicrobium fusiforme is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria from the genus of Filomicrobium which was isolated from brackish water in Germany.

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Filomicrobium insigne

Filomicrobium insigne is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria from the genus of Filomicrobium which was isolated from soil in the coastal Shengli Oilfield in Shandong Province in eastern China.

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Filtration

Filtration is any of various mechanical, physical or biological operations that separate solids from fluids (liquids or gases) by adding a medium through which only the fluid can pass.

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Fimbriimonas ginsengisoli

Fimbriimonas ginsengisoli is a Gram-negative bacterium and also the first representative of the new class Fimbriimonadia within the phylum Armatimonadetes.

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Fin rot

Fin rot is a symptom of disease or the actual disease in fish.

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Finegoldia

Finegoldia is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria; they are anaerobic cocci of the class Clostridia, with Finegoldia magna being the type species.

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FinP

FinP encodes an antisense non-coding RNA gene that is complementary to part of the TraJ 5' UTR.

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Fire blight

Fire blight, also written fireblight, is a contagious disease affecting apples, pears, and some other members of the family Rosaceae.

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Fire salamander

The fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) is possibly the best-known salamander species in Europe.

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Firmicutes

The Firmicutes (Latin: firmus, strong, and cutis, skin, referring to the cell wall) are a phylum of bacteria, most of which have Gram-positive cell wall structure.

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First Landing

First Landing is a 2002 science fiction novel by Robert Zubrin that tells the story of the first manned space expedition to Mars.

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Fish anatomy

Fish anatomy is the study of the form or morphology of fishes.

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Fish disease and parasites

Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites.

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Fish farming

Fish farming or pisciculture involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures such as fish ponds, usually for food.

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Fish kill

The term fish kill, known also as fish die-off, refers to a localized die-off of fish populations which may also be associated with more generalized mortality of aquatic life.

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Fish preservation

Ancient methods of preserving fish included drying, salting, pickling and smoking.

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Fish processing

The term fish processing refers to the processes associated with fish and fish products between the time fish are caught or harvested, and the time the final product is delivered to the customer.

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Fishing down the food web

Fishing down the food web is the process whereby fisheries in a given ecosystem, "having depleted the large predatory fish on top of the food web, turn to increasingly smaller species, finally ending up with previously spurned small fish and invertebrates".

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Fishkeeping

Fishkeeping is a popular hobby, practiced by aquarists, concerned with keeping fish in a home aquarium or garden pond.

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Fission (biology)

Fission, in biology, is the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts into separate entities resembling the original.

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Five-prime cap

In molecular biology, the five-prime cap (5′ cap) is a specially altered nucleotide on the 5′ end of some primary transcripts such as precursor messenger RNA.

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Fixation (histology)

In the fields of histology, pathology, and cell biology, fixation is the preservation of biological tissues from decay due to autolysis or putrefaction.

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Fixed prosthodontics

Fixed prosthodontics is the area of prosthodontics focused on permanently attached (fixed) dental prostheses.

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Flacherie

Flacherie (literally: "flaccidness") is a disease of silkworms, caused by silkworms eating infected or contaminated mulberry leaves.

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Flagellin

Flagellin is a globular protein that arranges itself in a hollow cylinder to form the filament in a bacterial flagellum.

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Flagellum

A flagellum (plural: flagella) is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain bacterial and eukaryotic cells.

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Flammeovirga

Flammeovirga is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming and chemoorganotrophic genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae which occur in marine environments.

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Flammeovirga aprica

Flammeovirga aprica is a bacterium from the genus of Flammeovirga which has been isolated from marine mud in Yugoslavia.

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Flammeovirga arenaria

Flammeovirga arenaria is a bacterium from the genus of Flammeovirga which has been isolated from marine sand in Mexico.

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Flammeovirga kamogawensis

Flammeovirga kamogawensis is a bacterium from the genus of Flammeovirga which has been isolated from coastal seawater from Kamogawa in Japan.

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Flammeovirga pacifica

Flammeovirga pacifica is a bacterium from the genus of Flammeovirga which has been isolated from deep sea sediments from the West Pacific Ocean.

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Flammeovirga yaeyamensis

Flammeovirga yaeyamensis is a bacterium from the genus of Flammeovirga which has been isolated from the seaweed Digenea simplex from the Yaeyama Islands on Japan.

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Flammeovirgaceae

The family Flammeovirgaceae is composed of four genera of environmental bacteria.

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Flatulence

Flatulence is defined in the medical literature as "flatus expelled through the anus" or the "quality or state of being flatulent", which is defined in turn as "marked by or affected with gases generated in the intestine or stomach; likely to cause digestive flatulence".

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Flavescence dorée

Flavescence dorée (from French "Flavescence": yellowing and "dorée": golden) is a bacterial disease of the vine with the potential to threaten vineyards.

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Flavin reductase

Flavin reductase is in a class of enzymes which catalyzes the reduction of a substrate.

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Flavobacteriaceae

The family Flavobacteriaceae is composed of environmental bacteria.

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Flavobacteriales

The order Flavobacteriales comprises three families of environmental bacteria.

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Flavobacteriia

The class Flavobacteriia is composed of a single order of environmental bacteria.

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Flavobacterium

Flavobacterium is a genus of gram-negative, nonmotile and motile, rod-shaped bacteria that consists of 130 recognized species.

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Flavobacterium columnare

Flavobacterium columnare is a thin Gram-negative rod bacterium of the genus Flavobacterium.

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Flavobacterium denitrificans

Flavobacterium denitrificans is a species of N2O-producing facultative aerobic bacteria first isolated from the gut of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa.

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Flavobacterium frigidarium

Flavobacterium frigidarium is a bacterium.

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Flavobacterium psychrophilum

Flavobacterium psychrophilum is a psychrophilic, gram-negative bacterial rod (3-5 µm in length), belonging to the Bacteriodetes.

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Flavobacterium xanthum

Flavobacterium xanthum is a species of bacteria.

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Flavocytochrome c sulfide dehydrogenase

In molecular biology, flavocytochrome c sulfide dehydrogenase is an enzyme found in sulfur-oxidising bacteria such as the purple phototrophic bacteria Chromatium vinosum.

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Flavodoxin

Flavodoxins are electron-transfer proteins.

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Flea

Fleas are small flightless insects that form the order Siphonaptera.

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Flexibacter

Flexibacter is a genus of bacteria consisting of some seventeen strains (or species), known for their yellow hue.

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Flexithrix

Flammeovirga is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and motile genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae with one known species (Flexithrix dorotheae) which first has been isolated from marine mud.

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Flg-Rhizobiales RNA motif

The flg-Rhizobiales RNA motif is an RNA structure that is conserved in certain bacteria.

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Flocking (behavior)

Flocking behavior is the behavior exhibited when a group of birds, called a flock, are foraging or in flight.

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Flor

Flor (Spanish and Portuguese for flower) is a winemaking term that refers to a film of yeast on the surface of wine, important in the manufacture of some styles of sherry.

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Flora

Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring or indigenous—native plant life.

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Flora (microbiology)

In microbiology, flora (plural: floras or floræ) refers to the collective bacteria and other microorganisms in an ecosystem (e.g., some part of the body of an animal host).

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Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988

The Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 is an act of the Victorian government designed to protect species, genetic material and habitats, to prevent extinction and allow maximum genetic diversity within the Australian state of Victoria for perpetuity.

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Florence B. Seibert

Florence Barbara Seibert (October 6, 1897 – August 23, 1991) was an American biochemist.

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Floridean starch

Floridean starch is a type of a storage glucan found in glaucophytes and in red algae (also known as rhodophytes), in which it is usually the primary sink for fixed carbon from photosynthesis.

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Flu season

Flu season is an annually recurring time period characterized by the prevalence of outbreaks of Influenza (flu).

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Flucloxacillin

Flucloxacillin (INN) or floxacillin (USAN) is a narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class.

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Fluctuating selection

Fluctuating selection is a mode of natural selection characterized by the fluctuation of the direction of selection on a given phenotype over a relatively brief period of evolutionary time.

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Fluid mosaic model

The fluid mosaic model explains various observations regarding the structure of functional cell membranes.

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Fluidic force microscopy

Fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy, and is typically used on a standard inverted light microscope.

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Fluoride therapy

Fluoride therapy is the use of fluoride for medical purposes.

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FMN reductase (NADPH)

FMN reductase (NADPH) (FRP, flavin reductase P, SsuE) is an enzyme with systematic name FMNH2:NADP+ oxidoreductase.

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FMN riboswitch

The FMN riboswitch (also known as RFN element) is a highly conserved RNA element that is found frequently in the 5'-untranslated regions of prokaryotic mRNAs that encode for flavin mononucleotide (FMN) biosynthesis and transport proteins.

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Fog eater

* In railroad slang, an engineer.

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Folliculitis decalvans

Folliculitis decalvans is an inflammation of the hair follicle that leads to bogginess or induration of involved parts of the scalp along with pustules, erosions, crusts, ulcers, and scale.

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Fomite

A fomes (pronounced) or fomite is any nonliving object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms, such as viruses or bacteria, and hence transferring them from one individual to another.

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Food

Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism.

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Food additive

Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste, appearance, or other qualities.

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Food and Drug Administration

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.

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Food chain

A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms (such as grass or trees which use radiation from the Sun to make their food) and ending at apex predator species (like grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivores (like earthworms or woodlice), or decomposer species (such as fungi or bacteria).

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Food chemistry

Food chemistry is the study of chemical processes and interactions of all biological and non-biological components of foods.

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Food dehydrator

Tomato slices ready to be dried in a food dehydrator. In this model, multiple trays can be stacked on top of each other and warm air flows around the food. A food dehydrator is a device that removes moisture from food to aid in its preservation.

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Food drying

Food drying is a method of food preservation in which food is dried (dehydrated or desiccated).

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Food energy

Food energy is chemical energy that animals (including humans) derive from food through the process of cellular respiration.

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Food irradiation

Food irradiation is the process of exposing food and food packaging to ionizing radiation.

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Food microbiology

Food microbiology is the study of the microorganisms that inhabit, create, or contaminate food, including the study of microorganisms causing food spoilage, pathogens that may cause disease especially if food is improperly cooked or stored, those used to produce fermented foods such as cheese, yogurt, bread, beer, and wine, and those with other useful roles such as producing probiotics.

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Food preservation

Food preservation prevents the growth of microorganisms (such as yeasts), or other microorganisms (although some methods work by introducing benign bacteria or fungi to the food), as well as slowing the oxidation of fats that cause rancidity.

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Food rescue

Food rescue, also called food recovery or food salvage, is the practice of gleaning edible food that would otherwise go to waste from places such as restaurants, grocery stores, produce markets, or dining facilities and distributing it to local emergency food programs.

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Food safety

Food safety is a scientific discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent food-borne illness.

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Food spoilage

Spoilage is the process in which food deteriorates to the point in which it is not edible to humans or its quality of edibility becomes reduced.

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Food technology

Food technology is a branch of food science that deals with the production processes that make foods.

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Food Technology Industrial Achievement Award

The Food Technology Industrial Achievement Award has been awarded by the Institute of Food Technologists since 1959.

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Food waste recycling in Hong Kong

Food waste recycling is a process to convert food waste into useful materials and products for achieving sustainability of the environment.

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Foodborne illness

Foodborne illness (also foodborne disease and colloquially referred to as food poisoning) is any illness resulting from the food spoilage of contaminated food, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites that contaminate food, as well as toxins such as poisonous mushrooms and various species of beans that have not been boiled for at least 10 minutes.

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Foot rot

Foot rot, or infectious pododermatitis, is a hoof infection commonly found in sheep, goats, and cattle.

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Footballfish

The footballfish form a family, Himantolophidae, of globose, deep-sea anglerfishes found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Ocean.

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Force spectrum microscopy

Force Spectrum Microscopy (FSM) is an application of active microrheology developed to measure aggregate random forces in the cytoplasm.

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Forest floor

The forest floor, also called detritus, duff and the O horizon, is one of the most distinctive features of a forest ecosystem.

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Forest pathology

Forest pathology is the research of both biotic and abiotic maladies affecting the health of a forest ecosystem, primarily fungal pathogens and their insect vectors.

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Forestry in the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom,The United Kingdom (sometimes abbreviated to UK) is a political unit (specifically a country), the British Isles is a geographical unit (the archipelago lying off the northwest coast of Europe), and Great Britain is the name of the largest of those islands.

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Forgiving Dr. Mengele

Forgiving Dr.

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Forkhead-associated domain

In molecular biology, the forkhead-associated domain (FHA domain) is a phosphopeptide recognition domain found in many regulatory proteins.

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Formaldehyde

No description.

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Formate dehydrogenase

Formate dehydrogenases are a set of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide, donating the electrons to a second substrate, such as NAD+ in formate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.1.2) or to a cytochrome in formate:ferricytochrome-b1 oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.2.1).

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Formazine

Formazine (formazin) is a heterocyclic polymer produced by reaction of hexamethylenetetramine with hydrazine sulfate.

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Formic acid

Formic acid, systematically named methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid.

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Formosan subterranean termite

The Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus) is an invasive species of termite.

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Formyl peptide receptor 2

N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) located on the surface of many cell types of various animal species.

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Formylmethanofuran—tetrahydromethanopterin N-formyltransferase

In enzymology, a formylmethanofuran-tetrahydromethanopterin N-formyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are formylmethanofuran and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin, whereas its two products are methanofuran and 5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.

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Fortieaceae

The Fortieaceae is a family of cyanobacteria.

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Fosmid

Fosmids are similar to cosmids but are based on the bacterial F-plasmid.

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Fossils of the Burgess Shale

The fossils of the Burgess Shale, like the Burgess Shale itself, formed around in the Mid Cambrian period.

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Fossorial

Cape ground squirrel. A fossorial (from Latin fossor, "digger") is an animal adapted to digging and lives primarily, but not solely, underground.

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Fouling

Fouling is the accumulation of unwanted material on solid surfaces to the detriment of function.

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Fourmile Creek (Pennsylvania)

Fourmile Creek is a tributary of Lake Erie in Erie County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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FourU thermometer

FourU thermometers are a class of non-coding RNA thermometers found in Salmonella.

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Fox–Fordyce disease

Fox–Fordyce disease, or apocrine miliaria, is a chronic blockage of the sweat gland ducts with a secondary, non-bacterial inflammatory response to the secretions and cellular debris in the cysts.

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Frameshift mutation

A frameshift mutation (also called a framing error or a reading frame shift) is a genetic mutation caused by indels (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three.

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François' langur

The François' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi), also known as the Francois' leaf monkey, Tonkin leaf monkey, or white side-burned black langur is a species of lutung and the type species of its species group.

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Francis Crick

Francis Harry Compton Crick (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was a British molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 with James Watson, work which was based partly on fundamental studies done by Rosalind Franklin, Raymond Gosling and Maurice Wilkins.

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Francisco Bolívar Zapata

Francisco Gonzalo Bolívar Zapata (born March 1948, in Mexico City) is a Mexican biochemist and professor.

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Francisella

Francisella is a genus of pathogenic, Gram-negative bacteria.

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Francisella novicida

Francisella novicida is a bacterium of the Francisellaceae family, which consist of Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria.

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Francisella piscicida

Francisella piscicida is a bacterium present in Atlantic cod.

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Francisella tularensis

Francisella tularensis is a pathogenic species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped coccobacillus, an aerobe bacterium.

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Frank O. Bastian

Frank O. Bastian is an American medical doctor and biologist at Louisiana State University.

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Frankia

Frankia is a genus of nitrogen-fixing, filamentous bacteria that live in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants, similar to the Rhizobium bacteria found in the root nodules of legumes in the family Fabaceae.

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Frankia alni

Frankia alni is a Gram-positive species of actinomycete filamentous bacterium that lives in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants in the genus Alnus.

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Frankineae

The Frankineae are a suborder of the Actinomycetales order.

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Franz Ziehl

Dr.

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Frass

Frass refers loosely to the more or less solid excreta of insects, and to certain other related matter.

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Frataxin-like domain

In molecular biology, the frataxin-like domain is a protein domain found in proteins including eukaryotic frataxin and bacterial CyaY.

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Frateuria aurantia

Frateuria aurantia is a species of Proteobacteria.

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Frederick C. Neidhardt

Frederick C. Neidhardt (1931-2016) was an American microbiologist who was on the faculty at Purdue University and the University of Michigan.

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Frederick M. Ausubel

Frederick M Ausubel (born September 2, 1945) is an American molecular biologist and professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School in Boston and is the Karl Winnacker Distinguished Investigator in the Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston., Massachusetts.

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Frederick Twort

Frederick William Twort FRS (22 October 1877 – 20 March 1950) was an English bacteriologist and was the original discoverer in 1915 of bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria).

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Freezing

Freezing, or solidification, is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point.

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French pressure cell press

The French pressure cell press, or French press, is an apparatus used in biological experimentation to disrupt the plasma membrane of cells by passing them through a narrow valve under high pressure.

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Freshwater environmental quality parameters

Freshwater environmental quality parameters are the natural and man-made chemical, biological and microbiological characteristics of rivers, lakes and ground-waters, the ways they are measured and the ways that they change.

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Freshwater prawn farming

A freshwater prawn farm is an aquaculture business designed to raise and produce freshwater prawns or shrimp for human consumption.

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Friedmanniella

Friedmanniella is a bacterial genus from the family of Propionibacteriaceae.

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Friedmanniella antarctica

Friedmanniella antarctica is an LL-diaminopimelic acid-containing actinomycete, the type species of its genus.

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Friedmanniella lacustris

Friedmanniella lacustris is a species of Gram-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacteria.

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Friedmanniella lucida

Friedmanniella lucida is a Gram-positive, non-motile, aerobic actinomycete.

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Friedmanniella luteola

Friedmanniella luteola is a Gram-positive, non-motile, aerobic actinomycete.

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Friedmanniella okinawensis

Friedmanniella okinawensis is a Gram-positive, non-motile, aerobic actinomycete.

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Friedmanniella sagamiharensis

Friedmanniella sagamiharensis is a Gram-positive, non-motile, aerobic actinomycete.

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Friedrich Neelsen

Friedrich Carl Adolf Neelsen (29 March 1854, Uetersen - April 11, 1894, Dresden) was a German pathologist.

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Frost

Frost is the coating or deposit of ice that may form in humid air in cold conditions, usually overnight.

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Frost flower (sea ice)

Frost flowers are ice crystals commonly found growing on young sea ice and thin lake ice in cold, calm conditions.

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Fructose

Fructose, or fruit sugar, is a simple ketonic monosaccharide found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.

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Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase

Fructose bisphosphatase is an enzyme that converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis and the Calvin cycle which are both anabolic pathways.

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Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase

Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, often just aldolase, is an enzyme catalyzing a reversible reaction that splits the aldol, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, into the triose phosphates dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P).

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FtsZ

FtsZ is a protein encoded by the ftsZ gene that assembles into a ring at the future site of the septum of bacterial cell division.

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Fuchsine

Fuchsine (sometimes spelled fuchsin) or rosaniline hydrochloride is a magenta dye with chemical formula C20H19N3·HCl.

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Fucus

Fucus is a genus of brown algae found in the intertidal zones of rocky seashores almost throughout the world.

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Fugu

The fugu (河豚; 鰒; フグ) in Japanese or bogeo (복어) or bok (복) in Korean is a pufferfish, normally of the genus Takifugu, Lagocephalus, or Sphoeroides, or a porcupinefish of the genus Diodon, or a dish prepared from these fish.

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Fullerene

A fullerene is a molecule of carbon in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, tube, and many other shapes.

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Fulvimarina

Fulvimarina is a genus of bacteria from the family of Aurantimonadaceae.

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Fulvimarina pelagi

Fulvimarina pelagi is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacteria from the genus of Fulvimarina which was isolated from sea water from the western Sargasso Sea.

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Fulvivirga

Fulvivirga is a genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae.

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Fulvivirga imtechensis

Fulvivirga imtechensis is a Gram-negative, obligately aerobic rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Fulvivirga which has been isolated from the coast of Visakhapatnam in India.

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Fulvivirga kasyanovii

Fulvivirga kasyanovii is a Gram-negative, heterotrophic and strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus of Fulvivirga which has been isolated from seawater from a mussel farm.

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Fulvivirga lutimaris

Fulvivirga lutimaris is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Fulvivirga which has been isolated from tidal flat sediments from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

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Fungal loop hypothesis

The fungal loop hypothesis suggests that soil fungi in arid ecosystems connect the metabolic activity of plants and biological soil crusts which respond to different soil moisture levels.

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Fungus

A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

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Furazolidone

Furazolidone is a nitrofuran antibacterial agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).

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Furylfuramide

Furylfuramide (also known as AF-2) is a synthetic nitrofuran derivative which was widely used as a food preservative in Japan since at least 1965, but withdrawn from the market in 1974 when it was observed to be mutagenic to bacteria in vitro and thus suspected of carcinogenicity.

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Fusarium dry rot

Fusarium dry rot is one of the most common potato diseases.

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Fusobacteria

Fusobacteria are obligately anaerobic non-sporeforming Gram-negative bacilli.

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Fusobacterium necrophorum

Fusobacterium necrophorum is a species of bacteria responsible for Lemierre's syndrome and other medical problems.

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Fusobacterium nucleatum

Fusobacterium nucleatum is an oral bacterium, indigenous to the human oral cavity, that plays a role in periodontal disease.

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G-force

The gravitational force, or more commonly, g-force, is a measurement of the type of acceleration that causes a perception of weight.

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GA module

In molecular biology, the GA module, or protein G-related albumin-binding module, is a protein domain which occurs on the surface of numerous Gram-positive bacterial pathogens.

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GabT RNA motif

The gabT RNA motif is the name of a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics whose function is unknown.

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Gadget Trial

is a Japanese game for Windows operating systems, which combines turn-based strategy gaming with visual novel elements, using an anime style of artwork for its character designs.

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GadY

GadY RNA (previously named IS183 in) is a non-coding RNA.

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Gaffkaemia

Gaffkaemia (gaffkemia in American English) is a bacterial disease of lobsters, caused by the Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium Aerococcus viridans var.

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Gaia hypothesis

The Gaia hypothesis, also known as the Gaia theory or the Gaia principle, proposes that living organisms interact with their inorganic surroundings on Earth to form a synergistic and self-regulating, complex system that helps to maintain and perpetuate the conditions for life on the planet.

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Galactic year

The galactic year, also known as a cosmic year, is the duration of time required for the Sun to orbit once around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy.

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Galaxea fascicularis

Galaxea fascicularis is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Oculinidae, commonly known as octopus coral, fluorescence grass coral, galaxy coral among various vernacular names.

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Galdieria sulphuraria

Galdieria sulphuraria is an extremophilic unicellular species of red algae.

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Galectin-4

Galectin-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGALS4 gene.

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Galena

Galena, also called lead glance, is the natural mineral form of lead(II) sulfide.

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Galileo (spacecraft)

Galileo was an American unmanned spacecraft that studied the planet Jupiter and its moons, as well as several other Solar System bodies.

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Gall

Galls or cecidia are a kind of swelling growth on the external tissues of plants or animals.

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Gallaecimonas

Gallaecimonas is a recently described genus of bacteria.

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Gallium scan

A gallium scan (also called "gallium imaging") is a type of nuclear medicine test that uses either a gallium-67 (67Ga) or gallium-68 (68Ga) radiopharmaceutical to obtain images of a specific type of tissue, or disease state of tissue.

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Gamma ray

A gamma ray or gamma radiation (symbol γ or \gamma), is penetrating electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei.

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Gamma-150 RNA motif

The gamma-150 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that is found in bacteria within the order Pseudomonadales.

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Gammaproteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria are a class of bacteria.

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Gardnerella vaginalis

Gardnerella is a genus of Gram-variable-staining facultative anaerobic bacteria of which Gardnerella vaginalis is the only species.

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Gas exchange

Gas exchange is the physical process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface.

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Gas Gang

The Gas Gang were a group of short-lived fictional robots in DC Comics.

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Gas gangrene

Gas gangrene (also known as clostridial myonecrosis and myonecrosis) is a bacterial infection that produces gas in tissues in gangrene.

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Gaseous signaling molecules

Gaseous signaling molecules are gaseous molecules that are either synthesised internally (endogenously) in the organism, tissue or cell or are received by the organism, tissue or cell from outside (say, from the atmosphere or hydrosphere, as in the case of oxygen) and that are used to transmit chemical signals which induce certain physiological or biochemical changes in the organism, tissue or cell.

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Gastric dilatation volvulus

Gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), also known as gastric dilation, twisted stomach, or gastric torsion, is a medical condition that affects dogs in which the stomach becomes overstretched and rotated by excessive gas content.

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Gastro-

Gastro- is a common English-language prefix derived from the ancient Greek gastros ("stomach").

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Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea, is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract -- the stomach and small intestine.

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Gastrointestinal perforation

Gastrointestinal perforation, also known as ruptured bowel, is a hole in the wall of part of the gastrointestinal tract.

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Gastrointestinal tract

The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.

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Gastrotrich

The gastrotrichs (phylum Gastrotricha), commonly referred to as hairybacks, are a group of microscopic (0.06-3.0 mm), worm-like, pseudocoelomate animals, and are widely distributed and abundant in freshwater and marine environments.

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Gatifloxacin

Gatifloxacin sold under the brand names Gatiflo, Tequin and Zymar, is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.

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GC-content

In molecular biology and genetics, GC-content (or guanine-cytosine content) is the percentage of nitrogenous bases on a DNA or RNA molecule that are either guanine or cytosine (from a possibility of four different ones, also including adenine and thymine in DNA and adenine and uracil in RNA).

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GcvB RNA

The gcvB RNA gene encodes a small non-coding RNA involved in the regulation of a number of amino acid transport systems as well as amino acid biosynthetic genes.

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Geastrum fornicatum

Geastrum fornicatum, commonly known as the acrobatic earthstar or the arched earthstar, is an inedible species of mushroom in the family Geastraceae.

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GEFEK

GEFEK, the Association for the Promotion of Independent Disease Control in Developing Countries ("Gesellschaft zur Förderung Eigenständiger Krankheitsbekämpfung in Entwicklungsländern") was created by scientists of the University of Giessen, Germany, in 2004 and is officially registered as a non-profit organisation.

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Gelidibacter

Gelidibacter is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.

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Gelidibacter algens

Gelidibacter algens is a species of psychrophilic, yellow-pigmented bacteria.

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Gelria (bacterium)

Gelria is an endospore-forming bacterium genus in the family Thermoanaerobacteraceae.

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Gemella

Gemella is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria that thrive best at high partial pressure of CO2.

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Gemella morbillorum

Gemella morbillorum is a species of bacteria within the genus Gemella.

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Gemella palaticanis

Gemella palaticanis is a species of bacteria within the genus Gemella.

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Gemella sanguinis

Gemella sanguinis is a species of bacteria within the genus Gemella.

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Gemmata obscuriglobus

Gemmata obscuriglobus is a Gram-negative, aerobic, heterotrophic, motile bacterium of the phylum Planctomycetes, first described in 1984 as the only described species in the genus Gemmata.

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Gemmatimonadetes

The Gemmatimonadetes are a phylum of bacteria created for the type species Gemmatimonas aurantiaca.

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Gemmatimonas aurantiaca

Gemmatimonas aurantiaca is a Gram-negative, aerobic, polyphosphate-accumulating micro-organism.

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Gemmiger

Gemmiger is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria from the family of Hyphomicrobiaceae.

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Gemmiger formicilis

Gemmiger formicilis is a bacterium from the genus of Gemmiger.

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Gene

In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.

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Gene cassette

A gene cassette is a type of mobile genetic element that contains a gene and a recombination site.

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Gene density

In genetics, the gene density of an organism's genome is the ratio of the number of genes per number of base pairs, usually written in terms of a million base pairs, or megabase (Mb).

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Gene drive

A gene drive is a genetic engineering technology that can propagate a particular suite of genes throughout a population.

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Gene electrotransfer

Gene electrotransfer is a versatile biotechnology technique that enables the transfer of genetic material into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.

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Gene expression

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.

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Gene nomenclature

Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms.

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Gene regulatory network

A gene (or genetic) regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins.

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Gene silencing

Gene silencing is the regulation of gene expression in a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene.

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Gene targeting

Gene targeting (also, replacement strategy based on homologous recombination) is a genetic technique that uses homologous recombination to modify an endogenous gene.

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Gene transfer agent

A gene transfer agent (GTA) is a phage-like element produced by several bacteria and archaea that mediates horizontal gene transfer.

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Gene-centered view of evolution

The gene-centered view of evolution, gene's eye view, gene selection theory, or selfish gene theory holds that adaptive evolution occurs through the differential survival of competing genes, increasing the allele frequency of those alleles whose phenotypic trait effects successfully promote their own propagation, with gene defined as "not just one single physical bit of DNA all replicas of a particular bit of DNA distributed throughout the world".

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Genentech

Genentech, Inc., is a biotechnology corporation which became a subsidiary of Roche in 2009.

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General transcription factor

General transcription factors (GTFs), also known as basal transcriptional factors, are a class of protein transcription factors that bind to specific sites (promoter) on DNA to activate transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA.

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Generalized lymphadenopathy

Lymph nodes or 'glands' or nodes or lymphoid tissue are nodular bodies located throughout the body but clustering in certain areas such as the armpit, back of the neck and the groin.

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Generation time

In population biology and demography, the generation time is the average time between two consecutive generations in the lineages of a population.

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GeneSat-1

GeneSat-1 is a fully automated, CubeSat spaceflight system that provides life support for bacteria.

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Genetic code

The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) into proteins.

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Genetic drift

Genetic drift (also known as allelic drift or the Sewall Wright effect) is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms.

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Genetic engineering

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.

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Genetic recombination

Genetic recombination (aka genetic reshuffling) is the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.

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Genetically modified food

Genetically modified foods or GM foods, also known as genetically engineered foods, bioengineered foods, genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering.

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Genetically modified food in Hawaii

Genetic engineering in Hawaii is a hotly contested political topic.

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Genetically modified insect

A genetically modified (GM) insect is an insect that has been genetically modified, either through mutagenesis, or more precise processes of transgenesis, or cisgenesis.

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Genetically modified maize

Genetically modified maize (corn) is a genetically modified crop.

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Genetically modified organism

A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques (i.e., a genetically engineered organism).

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Genetically modified rice

Genetically modified rice are rice strains that have been genetically modified (also called genetic engineering).

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Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

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Genetics Society of America

The Genetics Society of America (GSA) is a scholarly membership society of more than 5,500 genetics researchers and educators, established in 1931.

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Genome

In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism.

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Genome project

Genome projects are scientific endeavours that ultimately aim to determine the complete genome sequence of an organism (be it an animal, a plant, a fungus, a bacterium, an archaean, a protist or a virus) and to annotate protein-coding genes and other important genome-encoded features.

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Genomic island

A genomic island (GI) is part of a genome that has evidence of horizontal origins.

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Genomics

Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of science focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes.

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GenoMik

GenoMik - genome research on microorganisms is a program for the study of the genome of selected microorganisms.

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Genotyping

Genotyping is the process of determining differences in the genetic make-up (genotype) of an individual by examining the individual's DNA sequence using biological assays and comparing it to another individual's sequence or a reference sequence.

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Gentamicin protection assay

The gentamicin protection assay or survival assay or invasion assay is a method used in microbiology.

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Genus

A genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology.

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Geobacillus

Geobacillus is a bacterial genus from the family of Bacillaceae.

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Geobacillus jurassicus

Geobacillus jurassicus is a thermophilic bacterium first isolated from a high-temperature petroleum reservoir.

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Geobacillus stearothermophilus

Geobacillus stearothermophilus (basonym Bacillus stearothermophilus) is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium and a member of the division Firmicutes.

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Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius

Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius is a thermophilic gram-positive bacterium, and a member of the Firmicutes phylum.

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Geobacillus toebii

Geobacillus toebii is a thermophilic bacterium first isolated from hay compost.

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Geobacter

Geobacter is a genus of Proteobacteria.

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Geobacter bemidjiensis

Geobacter bemidjiensis is a Fe(III)-reducing bacteria.

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Geobacter bremensis

Geobacter bremensis is a gram-negative, metal-reducing species of proteobacteria.

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Geobacter lovleyi

Geobacter lovleyi is a gram-negative metal-reducing and tetrachloroethene-dechlorinating proteobacterium.It has potential as a bioremediation organism, and is actively researched as such.

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Geobacter metallireducens

Geobacter metallireducens is a gram-negative metal-reducing proteobacterium.

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Geobacter psychrophilus

Geobacter psychrophilus is a Fe(III)-reducing bacterium.

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Geobacter sulfurreducens

Geobacter sulfurreducens is a gram-negative metal and sulphur-reducing proteobacterium.

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Geobiology

Geobiology is a field of scientific research that explores the interactions between the physical Earth and the biosphere.

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Geodermatophilaceae

The Geodermatophilaceae are an actinomycete family within the highly polyphyletic suborder Frankineae.

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Geodia barretti

Geodia barretti is a massive deep-sea sponge species from the boreal waters of the North Atlantic, fairly common on the coasts of Norway and Sweden.

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Geoffrey Chang

Geoffrey Chang is a professor at the University of California, San Diego's Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine.

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Geography of the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe.

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Geologic time scale

The geologic time scale (GTS) is a system of chronological dating that relates geological strata (stratigraphy) to time.

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Geology of England

The geology of England is mainly sedimentary.

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Geology of Great Britain

The geology of Great Britain is renowned for its diversity.

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Geology of Scotland

The geology of Scotland is unusually varied for a country of its size, with a large number of differing geological features.

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Geology of the North Sea

The geology of the North Sea describes the geological features such as channels, trenches, and ridges today and the geological history, plate tectonics, and geological events that created them.

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Geopsychrobacter electrodiphilus

Geopsychrobacter electrodiphilus is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus.

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George F. Stewart

George F. Stewart (February 22, 1908-March 18, 1982) was an American food scientist who was involved in processing, preservation, chemistry, and microbiology of poultry and egg-based food products.

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George Frederick Dick

George Frederick Dick (July 21, 1881 – October 10, 1967) was an American physician and bacteriologist best known for his work with scarlet fever.

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George H. Hitchings

George Herbert Hitchings (April 18, 1905 – February 27, 1998) was an American doctor who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sir James Black and Gertrude Elion "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment," Hitchings specifically for his work on chemotherapy.

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George Hirst (virologist)

George Keble Hirst, M.D. (March 2, 1909 – January 22, 1994) was an American virologist and science administrator who was among the first to study the molecular biology and genetics of animal viruses, especially influenza virus.

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George Whipple

George Hoyt Whipple (August 28, 1878 – February 1, 1976) was an American physician, pathologist, biomedical researcher, and medical school educator and administrator.

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Georgenia ruanii

Georgenia ruanii is a bacterium.

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Geosmin

Geosmin is an organic compound with a distinct earthy flavor and aroma produced by certain bacteria, and is responsible for the earthy taste of beets and a contributor to the strong scent (petrichor) that occurs in the air when rain falls after a dry spell of weather or when soil is disturbed.

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Geothermal areas of Yellowstone

The geothermal areas of Yellowstone include several geyser basins in Yellowstone National Park as well as other geothermal features such as hot springs, mud pots, and fumaroles.

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Geothrix fermentans

Geothrix fermentans is a rod-shaped, anaerobic bacterium.

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Geraniol

Geraniol is a monoterpenoid and an alcohol.

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Gerhard Armauer Hansen

Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen (29 July 1841 – 12 February 1912) was a Norwegian physician, remembered for his identification of the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae in 1873 as the causative agent of leprosy.

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Gerhard Domagk

Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk (30 October 1895 – 24 April 1964) was a German pathologist and bacteriologist.

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Gerhard Reinke's Wanderlust

Gerhard Reinke's Wanderlust was a mockumentary television comedy broadcast on the American cable channel Comedy Central in Spring 2003.

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Germ theory denialism

Germ theory denialism is the belief that germs do not cause infectious disease, and that the germ theory of disease is wrong.

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Germ theory of disease

The germ theory of disease is the currently accepted scientific theory of disease.

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Germ-free animal

Germ-free animals are animals that have no microorganisms living in or on them.

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Germanium

Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32.

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Gerry Wright

Gerard D. "Gerry" Wright, PhD, FRSC, is a professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, and Canada Research Chair in Antibiotic Biochemistry at McMaster University who studies chemical compounds that can combat antibiotic resistance in bacteria. He is also an Associate member of the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pathology and Molecular Medicine. Wright was Chair of the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences from 2001-2007 before becoming the Director of McMaster's Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research. He is founding director of the McMaster Antimicrobial Research Centre, and co-founder of the McMaster High Throughput Screening Facility. Wright obtained his BSc in Biochemistry and his PhD in Chemistry from the University of Waterloo. He did his post-doctoral training at Harvard Medical School before joining McMaster University in 1993. Wright is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and the American Academy of Microbiology. He currently serves as an associate editor of ACS Infectious Diseases, and he is a member of the editorial boards of Chemistry and Biology, The Journal of Antibiotics, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, and Antimicrobial Therapeutics Reviews. Wright coined the term antibiotic resistome, which is used to describe the collection of all the antibiotic resistant genes and their precursors in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. In 2014, Wright was the senior author on a study in Nature which described the discovery that the previously known Aspergillomarasmine A was a new antibiotic.

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GFAJ-1

GFAJ-1 is a strain of rod-shaped bacteria in the family Halomonadaceae.

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GGDEF domain

In molecular biology, the GGDEF domain is a protein domain which appears to be ubiquitous in bacteria and is often linked to a regulatory domain, such as a phosphorylation receiver or oxygen sensing domain.

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Ghon's complex

Ghon's complex is a lesion seen in the lung that is caused by tuberculosis.

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Giant barrel sponge

The giant barrel sponge (Xestospongia muta) is the largest species of sponge found growing on Caribbean coral reefs.

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Giant cell

A giant cell (multinucleated giant cell, multinucleate giant cell) is a mass formed by the union of several distinct cells (usually macrophages), often forming a granuloma.

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Giant Rat of Sumatra

The Giant Rat of Sumatra is a fictional giant rat, first mentioned by Arthur Conan Doyle in "The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire".

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Giles (bacteriophage)

Giles is a bacteriophage that infects Mycobacterium smegmatis bacteria.

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Gimenez stain

The Gimenez staining technique uses biological stains to detect and identify bacterial infections in tissue samples.

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Ginger beer

Traditional ginger beer is a naturally sweetened and carbonated, usually non-alcoholic beverage.

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Gingipain R

Gingipain R (Arg-gingipain, gingipain-1, argingipain, Arg-gingivain-55 proteinase, Arg-gingivain-70 proteinase, Arg-gingivain-75 proteinase, arginine-specific cysteine protease, arginine-specific gingipain, arginine-specific gingivain, RGP-1, RGP) is an enzyme.

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Gingival enlargement

Gingival enlargement, (also termed gingival overgrowth, hypertrophic gingivitis, gingival hyperplasia, or gingival hypertrophy, and sometimes abbreviated to GO), is an increase in the size of the gingiva (gums).

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Gingival fibers

The gingival fibers are the connective tissue fibers that inhabit the gingival tissue adjacent to teeth and help hold the tissue firmly against the teeth.

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Girvanella

Girvanella is thought to represent the calcified sheath of a filamentous cyanobacterium known from the Burgess Shale and other Cambrian fossil deposits.

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Giulio Bizzozero

Giulio Bizzozero (20 March 1846 – 8 April 1901) was an Italian doctor and medical researcher.

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Glaciecola

Glaciecola is a aerobic bacteria genus from the family of Alteromonadaceae.

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Glaciecola nitratireducens

Glaciecola nitratireducens is a psychrophilic bacteria.

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Glaciecola pallidula

Glaciecola pallidula is a psychrophilic bacteria found in Antarctic sea-ice habitats, being the type species of its genus.

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Glaciecola punicea

Glaciecola punicea is a psychrophilic bacteria found in Antarctic sea-ice habitats, being the type species of its genus.

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Glaciimonas

Glaciimonas is a genus of bacteria in the Oxalobacteraceae family.

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Glaciimonas immobilis

Glaciimonas immobilis is a psychrophilic, nonmotile, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Glaciimonas which was isolated from alpine glacier cryoconite.

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Glaciimonas singularis

Glaciimonas singularis is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Glaciimonas which was isolated from a uranium mine wastewater treatment plant.

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Glanders

Glanders (from Middle English glaundres or Old French glandres, both meaning glands; malleus, Rotz; also known as "equinia", "farcy", and "malleus") is an infectious disease that occurs primarily in horses, mules, and donkeys.

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GLIC

The GLIC receptor is a bacterial (Gloeobacter) Ligand-gated Ion Channel, homolog to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

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Gliding motility

Gliding motility is a type of flagella-independent translocation that allows the microorganism to glide smoothly along a surface without the aid of propulsive organelles on the outer membrane.

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GLIMMER

In bioinformatics, GLIMMER (Gene Locator and Interpolated Markov ModelER) is used to find genes in prokaryotic DNA.

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GlmS glucosamine-6-phosphate activated ribozyme

The glucosamine-6-phosphate riboswitch ribozyme (glmS ribozyme) is an RNA structure that resides in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the mRNA transcript of the glmS gene.

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GlmY RNA

The GlmY RNA (formally known as tke1) family consists of a number of bacterial RNA genes of around 167 bases in length.

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GlmZ RNA

GlmZ (formally known as SraJ) is a small non-coding RNA (ncRNA).

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GlnA RNA motif

The glnA RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was predicted by bioinformatics.

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Global biodiversity

Global biodiversity is the measure of biodiversity on planet Earth and is defined as the total variability of life forms.

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Global Bioenergies

Global Bioenergies is a French company producing light liquid hydrocarbons derived from agricultural products using biological methods.

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Global catastrophic risk

A global catastrophic risk is a hypothetical future event which could damage human well-being on a global scale, even crippling or destroying modern civilization.

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Global health

Global health is the health of populations in the global context; it has been defined as "the area of study, research and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide".

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Global Infectious Disease Epidemiology Network

Global Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Online Network (GIDEON) is a web-based program for decision support and informatics in the fields of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine.

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Global microbial identifier

The genomic epidemiological database for global identification of microorganisms or global microbial identifier (GMI) is a platform for storing whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of microorganisms, for the identification of relevant genes and for the comparison of genomes to detect and track-and-trace infectious disease outbreaks and emerging pathogens.

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Global Plant Clinic

The Global Plant Clinic (GPC) is managed by CABI in alliance with Rothamsted Research and FERA Science.

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Globalization and disease

Globalization, the flow of information, goods, capital, and people across political and geographic boundaries, allows infectious diseases to rapidly spread around the world, while also allowing the alleviation of factors such as hunger and poverty, which are key determinants of global health.

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Globin

The globins are a superfamily of heme-containing globular proteins, involved in binding and/or transporting oxygen.

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Gloeobacter

Gloeobacter is a genus of cyanobacteria.

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Gloeocapsa

Gloeocapsa (from the Greek gloia (gelatinous) and the Latin capsa (case)) is a genus of cyanobacteria.

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Gloeocapsa magma

Gloeocapsa magma is a species of bacteria in the gloeocapsa genus of cyanobacteria, an ancient line of photosynthesizing bacteria, which photolyze water generating oxygen gas.

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Gloeotrichia

Gloeoitrichia is a genus of Cyanobacteria, belongs to the order Nostocales and the family Nostocaceae.

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Gloeotrichiaceae

The Gloeotrichiaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Glossary of biology

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Glossary of bird terms

The following is a glossary of common English language terms used in the description of birds—warm-blooded vertebrates of the class Aves, characterized by, the ability to in all but the approximately 60 extant species of flightless birds, toothless,, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.

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Glossary of civil engineering

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Glossary of diabetes

The following is a glossary of diabetes which explains terms connected with diabetes.

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Glossary of ecology

This glossary of ecology is a list of definitions of terms and topics in ecology and related fields.

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Glossary of fuel cell terms

The Glossary of fuel cell terms lists the definitions of many terms used within the fuel cell industry.

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Glossary of phytopathology

This is a glossary of some of the terms used in phytopathology.

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Glossary of structural engineering

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Glossary of winemaking terms

This glossary of winemaking terms lists some of terms and definitions involved in making wine, fruit wine, and mead.

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Glossiphoniidae

Glossiphoniidae are the family called freshwater jawless leeches or glossiphoniids.

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Glossitis

Glossitis can mean soreness of the tongue, or more usually inflammation with depapillation of the dorsal surface of the tongue (loss of the lingual papillae), leaving a smooth and erythematous (reddened) surface, (sometimes specifically termed atrophic glossitis).

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Glucansucrase

Glucansucrase (also known as glucosyltransferase) is an enzyme in the glycoside hydrolase family GH70 used by lactic acid bacteria to split sucrose and use resulting glucose molecules to build long, sticky biofilm chains.

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Glucokinase

Glucokinase is an enzyme that facilitates phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.

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Gluconacetobacter

Gluconacetobacter is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Gluconacetobacter azotocaptans

Gluconacetobacter azotocaptans is a species of acetic acid bacteria first isolated from rhizospheres and rhizoplanes of coffee plants.

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Gluconacetobacter hansenii

Gluconacetobacter hansenii is a species of acetic acid bacteria, notable as the model organism for the biosynthesis of bacterial celluloseRoss, P., Mayer, R., & Benziman, M. (1991) "Cellulose biosynthesis and function in bacteria", Microbiological Reviews, 55(1), 35-58.

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Gluconacetobacter johannae

Gluconacetobacter johannae is a species of acetic acid bacteria first isolated from rhizospheres and rhizoplanes of coffee plants.

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Gluconacetobacter sacchari

Gluconacetobacter sacchari is a species of acetic acid bacteria first isolated from the leaf sheath of sugar cane and from the pink sugar-cane mealy bug (Saccharicoccus sacchari) on sugar cane growing in Queensland and northern New South Wales.

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Gluconobacter

Gluconobacter is a genus of bacteria in the acetic acid bacteria family.

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Gluconobacter thailandicus

Gluconobacter thailandicus is a species of bacteria, first isolated in Thailand, hence its name.

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Glucose

Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.

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Glucose syrup

Glucose syrup, also known as confectioner's glucose, is a syrup made from the hydrolysis of starch.

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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD or G6PDH) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction This enzyme participates in the pentose phosphate pathway (see image), a metabolic pathway that supplies reducing energy to cells (such as erythrocytes) by maintaining the level of the co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH).

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Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase

Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), alternatively known as phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) or phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPI gene on chromosome 19.

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Glutamate flavoring

Glutamate flavoring is a generic name for flavor-enhancing compounds based on glutamic acid and its salts (glutamates).

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Glutamate permease

The sodium/glutamate symporter, also known as glutamate permease, is a transmembrane protein family found in bacteria and archaea.

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Glutamic acid

Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E) is an α-amino acid with formula.

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Glutamic protease

Glutamic proteases are a group of proteolytic enzymes containing a glutamic acid residue within the active site.

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Glutamicibacter soli

Glutamicibacter soli, also known as Arthrobacter soli, is a species of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Glutamyl endopeptidase GluV8

Glutamyl endopeptidase (SspA, V8 protease, GluV8, endoproteinase Glu-C, staphylococcal serine proteinase) is an extracellular bacterial serine protease of the glutamyl endopeptidase I family that was initially isolated from the Staphylococcus aureus strain V8.

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Glutaredoxin 2 (bacterial)

In molecular biology, the glutaredoxin 2 family is a family of bacterial glutaredoxins.

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Glutathione reductase

Glutathione reductase (GR) also known as glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSR gene.

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Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+)

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (GAPN) is an enzyme that irreversibly catalyzes the oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG or 3-PGA) using the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH.

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Glycerol

Glycerol (also called glycerine or glycerin; see spelling differences) is a simple polyol compound.

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Glycerol dehydrogenase

Glycerol dehydrogenase (also known as NAD+-linked glycerol dehydrogenase, glycerol: NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase, GDH, GlDH, GlyDH) is an enzyme in the oxidoreductase family that utilizes the NAD+ to catalyze the oxidation of glycerol to form glycerone (dihydroxyacetone).

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Glycine riboswitch

The bacterial glycine riboswitch is an RNA element that can bind the amino acid glycine.

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Glycocalyx

The glycocalyx, also known as the pericellular matrix, is a glycoprotein and glycolipid covering that surrounds the cell membranes of some bacteria, epithelia, and other cells.

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Glycolysis

Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+.

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Glycomycetaceae

The Glycomycetaceae are the only family of the suborder Glycomycetales, which is a part of Actinobacteria.

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Glycopolymer

Glycopolymer is synthetic polymer with pendant carbohydrates.

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Glycoprotein Ib-IX-V Receptor Complex

The GPIb-IX-V complex is a profuse membrane receptor complex originating in megakaryocytes and exclusively functional on the surface of platelets.

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Glycoside hydrolase family 22

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 22 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

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Glycoside hydrolase family 5

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 5 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

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Glycoside hydrolase family 68

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 68 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

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Glycoside hydrolase family 78

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 78 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

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Glycoside hydrolase family 97

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 97 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.

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Glycoside-pentoside-hexuronide:cation symporter family

The Glycoside-Pentoside-Hexuronide (GPH):Cation Symporter Family is part of the major facilitator superfamily and catalyzes uptake of sugars (mostly, but not exclusively, glycosides) in symport with a monovalent cation (H+ or Na+).

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Glycosylation

Glycosylation (see also chemical glycosylation) is the reaction in which a carbohydrate, i.e. a glycosyl donor, is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor).

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Glyoxalase system

The glyoxalase system is a set of enzymes that carry out the detoxification of methylglyoxal and the other reactive aldehydes that are produced as a normal part of metabolism.

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Glyoxylate cycle

The glyoxylate cycle, a variation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is an anabolic pathway occurring in plants, bacteria, protists, and fungi.

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Glyoxylate reductase

Glyoxylate reductase, first isolated from spinach leaves, is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of glyoxylate to glycolate, using the cofactor NADH or NADPH.

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Gnotobiosis

Gnotobiosis (from Greek roots gnostos "known" and bios "life") is a condition in which all the forms of life present within an organism can be accounted for.

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GntR-like bacterial transcription factors

In molecular biology, the GntR-like bacterial transcription factors are a family of transcription factors.

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Goanna

A goanna is any of several Australian monitor lizards of the genus Varanus, as well as certain species from Southeast Asia.

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Goddard Space Flight Center

The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is a major NASA space research laboratory located approximately northeast of Washington, D.C. in Greenbelt, Maryland, United States.

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Godleyaceae

The Godleyaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Godstone

Godstone is a village and civil parish in the county of Surrey, England.

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Golden Corral

Golden Corral is an American family-style restaurant chain serving breakfast, lunch, and dinner, featuring a large all-you-can-eat buffet and grill offering numerous hot and cold dishes, a carving station, and their Brass Bell Bakery.

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GOLLD RNA motif

Giant, Ornate, Lake- and Lactobacillales-Derived (GOLLD) RNA is a conserved RNA structure present in bacteria.

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Gomontiellaceae

The Gomontiellaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Gomphosphaeriaceae

The Gomphosphaeriaceae is a family of cyanobacteria.

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Gordonia (bacterium)

Gordonia is a genus of bacterium in the Actinobacteria, the same lineage that includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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Gordonia alkaliphila

Gordonia alkaliphila is a Gram-positive, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from tidal flat sediments from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

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Gordonia alkanivorans

Gordonia alkanivorans is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from soil which was contiminated with tar and phenol in Rositz in Germany.

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Gordonia amicalis

Gordonia amicalis is a dibenzothiophene-desulphurizing actinomycete with type strain IEGMT (.

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Gordonia araii

Gordonia araii is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from human sputum in Japan.

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Gordonia caeni

Gordonia caeni is a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, short-rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from sludge from a sewage disposal plant in Daejeon in Korea.

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Gordonia cholesterolivorans

Gordonia cholesterolivorans is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from sewage sludge from a sewage treatment plant in Ciudad Real in Spain.

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Gordonia defluvii

Gordonia defluvii is a Gram-positive and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from activated sludge foams in Australia.

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Gordonia desulfuricans

Gordonia desulfuricans is a benzothiophene-desulphurizing bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from soil from West Calder in Scotland.

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Gordonia effusa

Gordonia effusa is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolate from human sputum in Japan.

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Gordonia hankookensis

Gordonia hankookensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Gordonia.

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Gordonia hirsuta

Gordonia hirsuta is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from a biofilter of an animal rendering plant in Germany.

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Gordonia humi

Gordonia humi is a Gram-positive and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from soil near the mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis in Taiwan.

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Gordonia iterans

Gordonia iterans is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from a patient with pneumonia.

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Gordonia jinhuaensis

Gordonia jinhuaensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from pharmaceutical wastewater from Jinhua in China.

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Gordonia kroppenstedtii

Gordonia kroppenstedtii is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from polluted stream in Gumi in Korea.

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Gordonia lacunae

Gordonia lacunae is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from soil from the Plettenberg Bay in South Africa.

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Gordonia malaquae

Gordonia malaquae is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in Taiwan.

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Gordonia namibiensis

Gordonia namibiensis is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from soil from Kalahari in Namibia.

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Gordonia neofelifaecis

Gordonia neofelifaecis is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from faeces from the leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) in the Sichuan Province in China.

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Gordonia otitidis

Gordonia otitidis is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from a patient with external otitis in Japan.

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Gordonia paraffinivorans

Gordonia paraffinivorans is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from the Daqing Oil Field in China.

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Gordonia phosphorivorans

Gordonia phosphorivorans is a Gram-positive and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from a wastewater treatment bioreactor in Aachen in Germany.

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Gordonia polyisoprenivorans

Gordonia polyisoprenivorans is a rubber-degrading actinomycete first isolated from an automobile tyre.

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Gordonia rhizosphera

Gordonia rhizosphera is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from a mangrove plant in Japan.

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Gordonia shandongensis

Gordonia shandongensis is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from farmland soil in China.

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Gordonia sihwensis

Gordonia sihwensis is a Gram-positive and nitrate-reducing bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from a autotrophic denitrification reactor in Sihwa in Korea.

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Gordonia sinesedis

Gordonia sinesedis is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia that has been isolated from soil.

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Gordonia soli

Gordonia soli is a bacterium from the genus of Gordonia which has been isolated from soil in Taiwan.

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Gordonia westfalica

Gordonia westfalica is a rubber-degrading actinomycete bacterium.

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Gordoniaceae

The Gordoniaceae are a family of bacteria in the order of Actinomycetales.

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Gowanus Canal

The Gowanus Canal (originally known as Gowanus Creek) is a canal in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, on the westernmost portion of Long Island.

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Gracilibacillus

Gracilibacillus is a genus of bacteria within the phylum Firmicutes.

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Gracilibacillus boraciitolerans

Gracilibacillus boraciitolerans is a highly boron-tolerant and moderately halotolerant bacterium.

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Gracilibacillus halotolerans

Gracilibacillus halotolerans is a Gram-positive, extremely halotolerant bacteria, the type species of its genus.

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Gracilibacillus ureilyticus

Gracilibacillus ureilyticus is a Gram-positive, halotolerant, neutrophilic, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Gracilicutes

Gracilicutes (Latin: gracilis, slender, and cutis, skin, referring to the cell wall) is a controversial taxon in bacterial taxonomy.

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Graft-versus-host disease

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a medical complication following the receipt of transplanted tissue from a genetically different person.

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Gram domain containing 1b

GRAM domain containing 1B, also known as GRAMD1B and KIAA1201, is a protein that is encoded by the GRAMD1B gene.

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Gram stain

Gram stain or Gram staining, also called Gram's method, is a method of staining used to distinguish and classify bacterial species into two large groups (gram-positive and gram-negative).

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Gram-negative bacteria

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the gram-staining method of bacterial differentiation.

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Gram-positive bacteria

Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their cell wall.

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Gramicidin

Gramicidin is a heterogeneous mixture of three antibiotic compounds, gramicidins A, B and C, making up 80%, 6%, and 14%, respectively, all of which are obtained from the soil bacterial species Bacillus brevis and called collectively gramicidin D. Gramicidin D contains linear pentadecapeptides, that is chains made up of 15 amino acids.

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Granulibacter

Granulibacter is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Acetobacteraceae.

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Granulibacter bethesdensis

Granulibacter bethesdensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic coccobacillus to rod-shaped, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacteria first described in 2006 by Dr.

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Granulocytosis

In medicine, granulocytosis is the presence in peripheral blood of an increased number of granulocytes, a category of white blood cells.

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Granuloma

Granuloma is an inflammation found in many diseases.

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Granuloma inguinale

Granuloma inguinale (also known as donovanosis) is a bacterial disease caused by Klebsiella granulomatis (formerly known as Calymmatobacterium granulomatis) characterized by genital ulcers.

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Granzyme

Granzymes are serine proteases that are released by cytoplasmic granules within cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.

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Grapefruit seed extract

Grapefruit seed extract (GSE), also known as citrus seed extract, is a liquid extract derived from the seeds, pulp, and white membranes of grapefruit.

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Graphocephala coccinea

Graphocephala coccinea is a meadow and woodland-dwelling species of brightly colored leafhopper native to North and Central America, from Canada south to Panama.

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Grasshopper

Grasshoppers are insects of the suborder Caelifera within the order Orthoptera, which includes crickets and their allies in the other suborder Ensifera.

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Graves' disease

Graves' disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter, is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid.

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Grímsvötn

Grímsvötn (vötn.

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Great Basin National Park

Great Basin National Park is an American national park located in White Pine County in east-central Nevada, near the Utah border, established in 1986.

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Great Fountain Geyser

The Great Fountain Geyser is a fountain-type geyser located in the Firehole Lake area of Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.

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Great Plague of London

The Great Plague, lasting from 1665 to 1666, was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England.

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Great Plague of Seville

The Great Plague of Seville (1647–1652) was a massive outbreak of disease in Spain that killed up to a quarter of Seville's population.

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Great Plague of Vienna

The Great Plague of Vienna occurred in 1679 in Vienna, Austria, the imperial residence of the Austrian Habsburg rulers.

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Green and golden bell frog

The green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea), also named the green bell frog, green and golden swamp frog and green frog, is a ground-dwelling tree frog native to eastern Australia.

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Green iguana in captivity

The Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) has become popular in the pet trade – over 800,000 animals were imported into the United States alone during 1995, primarily originating from captive farming operations based in their native countries (Honduras, El Salvador, Colombia, and Panama).

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Green manure

In agriculture, green manure is created by leaving uprooted or sown crop parts to wither on a field so that they serve as a mulch and soil amendment.

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Green nails

Green nails may be (1) due to a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection causing a green nail syndrome or (2) the result of copper in tap water.

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Green sulfur bacteria

The green sulfur bacteria (Chlorobiaceae) are a family of obligately anaerobic photoautotrophic bacteria.

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Greenbrier River

The Greenbrier River is a tributary of the New River, long,McNeel, William P. "Greenbrier River." The West Virginia Encyclopedia.

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Grepafloxacin

Grepafloxacin hydrochloride (trade name Raxar, Glaxo Wellcome) was an oral broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent used to treat bacterial infections.

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Griffith's experiment

Griffith's experiment, reported in 1928 by Frederick Griffith, was the first experiment suggesting that bacteria are capable of transferring genetic information through a process known as transformation.

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Grigorov Glacier

Grigorov Glacier (italic, ‘Grigorov Lednik’ \gri-'go-rov 'led-nik\) is the 1.8 km long and 1.3 km wide glacier on the south side of Stavertsi Ridge on Albena Peninsula, Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.

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Grigory Gershuni

Grigory Andreyevich Gershuni (Григорий Андреевич Гершуни; –) was a Jewish revolutionary and one of the founders of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party.

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Grossology (books)

Grossology is a non-fiction children’s book written by Sylvia Branzei and published by Price Stern Sloan in 1992.

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Groundwater pollution

Groundwater pollution (also called groundwater contamination) occurs when pollutants are released to the ground and make their way down into groundwater.

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Group A streptococcal infection

A group A streptococcal infection is an infection with group A streptococcus (GAS).

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Group B streptococcal infection

Group B streptococcus infection, also known as Group B streptococcal disease, is the infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) (also known as group B streptococcus or GBS).

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Group I catalytic intron

Group I introns are large self-splicing ribozymes.

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Group I pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylases

In molecular biology, the group I pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylases, also known as glycine cleavage system P-proteins, are a family of enzymes consisting of glycine cleavage system P-proteins (glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)) from bacterial, mammalian and plant sources.

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Group II intron

Group II introns are a large class of self-catalytic ribozymes and mobile genetic elements found within the genes of all three domains of life.

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Group III pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylases

In molecular biology, group III pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylases are a family of bacterial enzymes comprising ornithine decarboxylase, lysine decarboxylase and arginine decarboxylase.

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Growth curve (biology)

A growth curve is an empirical model of the evolution of a quantity over time.

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Growth medium

A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid or semi-solid designed to support the growth of microorganisms or cells, or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens.

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Gruta das Torres

The Gruta das Torres (Grotto of Towers), is a lava cave, a geological formation of volcanic origin formed from the flow and cooling of subterranean magma rivers.

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Grypania

Grypania is an early, tube-shaped fossil from the Proterozoic eon.

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GSDMD

Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GSDMD gene on chromosome 8.

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Guanosine pentaphosphate

(p)ppGpp, guanosine pentaphosphate or tetraphosphate is an alarmone which is involved in the stringent response in bacteria, causing the inhibition of RNA synthesis when there is a shortage of amino acids present.

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Guava

Guavas (singular guava) are common tropical fruits cultivated and enjoyed in many tropical and subtropical regions.

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Gulf hagfish

The Gulf hagfish (Eptatretus springeri) is the only known species with the ability to enter brine pools, or pools of extremely high salt content, unharmed.

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Gulf of Mexico

The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent.

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Gulose

Gulose is an aldohexose sugar.

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Gunflintia

Gunflintia is an extinct genus of cyanobacteria that once existed in what is now Canada and Australia.

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Gunther Stent

Gunther S. Stent (28 March 1924 – 12 June 2008) was Graduate Professor of Molecular Biology at the University of California, Berkeley.

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GUS reporter system

The GUS reporter system (GUS: β-glucuronidase) is a reporter gene system, particularly useful in plant molecular biology and microbiology.

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Gut flora

Gut flora, or gut microbiota, or gastrointestinal microbiota, is the complex community of microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of humans and other animals, including insects.

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Gut-1 RNA motif

The Gut-1 RNA motif (also called gt-1) is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics.

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Gut–brain axis

The gut–brain axis is the biochemical signaling that takes place between the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and the central nervous system (CNS).

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Guttate psoriasis

Guttate psoriasis (also known as eruptive psoriasis) is a type of psoriasis that presents as small (0.5–1.5 cm in diameter) lesions over the upper trunk and proximal extremities; it is found frequently in young adults.

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Guttural pouch

Guttural pouches are large, auditory-tube diverticula that contain between 300 and 600 ml of air.

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Guy R. Cornelis

Guy R. Cornelis is a Belgian microbiologist.

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GvpA

GvpA is a gas vesicle structural protein found in different phyla of bacteria and archaea for example in Halobacterium salinarum or Haloferax mediterranei.

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Gynaecology

Gynaecology or gynecology (see spelling differences) is the medical practice dealing with the health of the female reproductive systems (vagina, uterus, and ovaries) and the breasts.

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H. Foster Pettit

Harrison Foster Pettit, Sr. (August 24, 1930 – November 22, 2014), was a lawyer, businessman, and Democratic politician from his native Lexington, Kentucky, USA.

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H2cR sRNA

In molecular biology, the h2cR sRNA is a small RNA produced by species of the bacterial genus Burkholderia.

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Habit (biology)

Habit is equivalent to habitus in some applications in biology; the term refers variously to aspects of behaviour or structure, as follows.

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Habitat

In ecology, a habitat is the type of natural environment in which a particular species of organism lives.

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Habitat destruction

Habitat destruction is the process in which natural habitat is rendered unable to support the species present.

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HACEK organisms

The HACEK organisms are a group of fastidious gram-negative bacteria that are an unusual cause of infective endocarditis, which is an inflammation of the heart due to bacterial infection.

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HaeIII

HaeIII is one of many restriction enzymes (endonucleases) discovered since 1970.

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Haemagglutination activity domain

In molecular biology, the haemagglutination activity domain is a conserved protein domain found near the N terminus of a number of large, repetitive bacterial proteins, including many proteins of over 2500 amino acids.

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Haematobacter

In taxonomy, Haematobacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Haemolysin expression modulating protein family

In molecular biology, the haemolysin expression modulating protein family is a family of proteins.

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Haemophilus

Haemophilus is a genus of Gram-negative, pleomorphic, coccobacilli bacteria belonging to the family Pasteurellaceae.

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Haemophilus aphrophilus

Haemophilus aphrophilus was a species of Haemophilus but the name has recently been changed to Aggregatibacter aphrophilus.

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Haemophilus ducreyi

Haemophilus ducreyi is a fastidious gram-negative coccobacillus bacteria, which causes the sexually transmitted disease chancroid, a major cause of genital ulceration in developing countries characterized by painful sores on the genitalia.

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Haemophilus felis

Haemophilus felis is a Gram-negative species of bacterium belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family.

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Haemophilus haemolyticus

Haemophilus haemolyticus is a species of gram-negative bacteria that is related to Haemophilus influenzae.

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Haemophilus influenzae

Haemophilus influenzae (formerly called Pfeiffer's bacillus or Bacillus influenzae) is a Gram-negative, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic pathogenic bacterium belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family.

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Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius

Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius (Hae) is a causative agent of acute and often purulent conjunctivitis, more commonly known as pink eye.

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Haemophilus parainfluenzae

Haemophilus parainfluenzae is a species of Haemophilus.

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Haemophilus paraphrophilus

Haemophilus paraphrophilus is a species of Haemophilus.

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Haemophilus pittmaniae

Haemophilus pittmaniae is a Gram-negative species of bacterium belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family.

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Haemophilus segnis

Haemophilus segnis (transferred to genus Aggregatibacter) is a bacterium.

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Hafnia (bacterium)

Hafnia is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Hair care

Hair care is an overall term for hygiene and cosmetology involving the hair which grows from the human scalp, and to a lesser extent facial, pubic and other body hair.

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Halanaerobacter chitinovorans

Halanaerobacter chitinovorans is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus.

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Halanaerobiales

The Halanaerobiales are an order of bacteria placed within the class Clostridia, and encompassing two families, the Halanaerobiaceae and the Halobacteroidaceae.

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Halanaerobium hydrogenoformans

Halanaerobium hydrogeninformans is alkaliphilic bacterium that capable of biohydrogen production at (pH 11 and 7% (w/v) sodium chloride salts) and 33˚c,, (2011).

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Haliangium ochraceum

Haliangium ochraceum is a species of moderately halophilic myxobacteria.

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Haliangium tepidum

Haliangium tepidum is a species of moderately halophilic myxobacteria.

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Haliotis rufescens

Haliotis rufescens (red abalone) is a species of very large edible sea snail in the family Haliotidae, the abalones, ormer shells or paua.

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Haloacetate dehalogenase

In enzymology, a haloacetate dehalogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are haloacetate and H2O, whereas its two products are glycolate and halide.

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Haloarchaea

Haloarchaea (halophilic archaea, halophilic archaebacteria, halobacteria) are a class of the Euryarchaeota, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt.

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Halobacillus

Halobacillus is a bacterial genus from the family of Bacillaceae.

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Halobacillus karajensis

Halobacillus karajensis is a species of bacteria.

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Halobacillus litoralis

Halobacillus litoralis is a species of bacteria.

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Halobacillus trueperi

Halobacillus trueperi is a species of bacteria.

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Halobacterium

In taxonomy, Halobacterium is a genus of the Halobacteriaceae.

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Halobacterium noricense

Halobacterium noricense is a halophilic, rod-shaped microorganism that thrives in environments with salt levels near saturation.

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Halobacterium salinarum

Halobacterium salinarum is an extremely halophilic marine Gram-negative obligate aerobic archaeon.

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Halobacteroides halobius

Halobacteroides halobius is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus.

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Halocarbon

Halocarbon compounds are chemicals in which one or more carbon atoms are linked by covalent bonds with one or more halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine –) resulting in the formation of organofluorine compounds, organochlorine compounds, organobromine compounds, and organoiodine compounds.

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Halocaridina rubra

Halocaridina rubra, the Hawaiian red shrimp or volcano shrimp is a small red shrimp of the family Atyidae, with the common Hawaiian name ōpaeula (meaning "red shrimp").

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Halofolliculina corallasia

Halofolliculina corallasia is a species of heterotrich ciliates identified as a cause of the syndrome called skeletal eroding band (SEB).

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Halogen

The halogens are a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).

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Halohydrin dehalogenase

A halohydrin dehalogenase is an enzyme involved in the bacterial degradation of vicinal halohydrins.

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Halomonadaceae

The Halomonadaceae are a family of halophilic Proteobacteria.

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Halomonas

Halomonas is a genus of halophilic (salt-tolerating) proteobacteria.

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Halomonas alimentaria

Halomonas alimentaria is a bacterium first isolated from jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood, hence its name.

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Halomonas alkaliphila

Halomonas alkaliphila is a Gram-negative halophilic Proteobacteria.

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Halomonas anticariensis

Halomonas anticariensis is a bacterium.

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Halomonas desiderata

Halomonas desiderata is an alkaliphilic, halotolerant and denitrifying bacterium first isolated from a municipal sewage works.

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Halomonas hamiltonii

Halomonas hamiltonii is a halophilic bacteria first isolated from the environment surrounding dialysis patients.

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Halomonas johnsoniae

Halomonas johnsoniae is a halophilic bacteria first isolated from the environment surrounding dialysis patients.

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Halomonas nitroreducens

Halomonas nitroreducens is a Gram-negative halophilic Proteobacteria, that is able to respire on nitrate and nitrite in anaerobiosis.

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Halomonas organivorans

Halomonas organivorans is a halophile able to degrade aromatic compounds.

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Halomonas stevensii

Halomonas stevensii is a halophilic bacteria first isolated from dialysis patients and the environment surrounding them.

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Halomonas subglaciescola

Halomonas subglaciescola is a Gram-negative halophilic Proteobacteria.

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Halomonas titanicae

Halomonas titanicae is a gram-negative, halophilic species of proteobacteria which was discovered on rusticles recovered from the wreck of the RMS ''Titanic''.

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Halomonas ventosae

Halomonas ventosae is a moderately halophilic, denitrifying, exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium.

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Halomonas venusta

Halomonas venusta is a Gram-negative halophilic Proteobacteria, first described as Alcaligenes venustus (Baumann et al. 1972) and later reclassified as Halomonas venusta, along with other species when the genera Deleya (Baumann et al. 1983), Halomonas (Vreeland et al. 1980), and Halovibrio (Fendrich 1988) and the species Paracoccus halodenitrificans (Robinson and Gibbons 1952) were unified into a single genus, Halomonas, while the genus Zymobacter was placed in the family Halomonadaceae.

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Halophile

Halophiles are organisms that thrive in high salt concentrations.

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Haloplasma

Haloplasma contractile is a halophilic, cell wall-less bacterium.

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Halorhodospira halophila

Halorhodospira halophila is a species of Halorhodospira distinguished by its ability to grow optimally in an environment of 15-20% salinity.

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Haloterrigena turkmenica

Haloterrigena turkmenica is an aerobic chemo organotrophic archeon originally found in Turkish salt lakes.

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Halothiobacillaceae

The Halothiobacillaceae is a family of halotolerant, mesophilic obligately chemolithoautotrophic organisms in the Chromatiales comprising the genus Halothiobacillus.

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Halothiobacillus

Halothiobacillus is a genus in the Gammaproteobacteria.

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Hamilton O. Smith

Hamilton Othanel Smith (born August 23, 1931) is an American microbiologist and Nobel laureate.

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Hamiltonella

Hamiltonella is a genus of Enterobacteria in the Gammaproteobacteria.

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Hamiltonella defensa

Hamiltonella defensa (H. defensa) is a species of bacteria.

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Hammaspeikko

Hammaspeikko, Finnish for "tooth troll", is a metaphorical device for explaining tooth decay (caries) to children.

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Hammond, Louisiana

Hammond is the largest city in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana, United States, located east of Baton Rouge and northwest of New Orleans.

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Hand washing

Hand washing, also known as hand hygiene, is the act of cleaning hands for the purpose of removing soil, dirt, and microorganisms.

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Handkea utriformis

Handkea utriformis, synonymous with Lycoperdon utriforme, Lycoperdon caelatum or Calvatia utriformis, is a species of the Lycoperdaceae family of puffballs.

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Hanging (meat)

Meat hanging is a culinary process, used in beef aging, that improves the flavor of meats by allowing the natural enzymes in the meat to break down the tissue through dry aging.

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Hans Christian Gram

Hans Christian Joachim Gram (September 13, 1853 – November 14, 1938) was a Danish bacteriologist noted for his development of the Gram stain.

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Hans Ernst August Buchner

Hans Ernst August Buchner (16 December 1850 – 5 April 1902) was a German bacteriologist who was born and raised in Munich.

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Hans Ris

Hans Ris (June 15, 1914 – November 19, 2004) was an American cytologist and pioneer electron microscopist.

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Hans Westerhoff

Hans Victor Westerhoff (born 14 January 1953 in Amsterdam) at the University of Amsterdam Album Academicum website is a Dutch biologist and biochemist who is professor of synthetic systems biology at the University of Amsterdam and AstraZeneca professor of systems biology at the University of Manchester.

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Hans Zinsser

Hans Zinsser (November 17, 1878 – September 4, 1940) was an American physician, bacteriologist, and prolific author.

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Hansschlegelia

Hansschlegelia is a genus of bacteria from the family of Methylocystaceae.

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Hansschlegelia beijingensis

Hansschlegelia beijingensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium species from the genus of Hansschlegelia which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from a watermelon plant in Beijing in the Daxing District in China.

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Hansschlegelia plantiphila

Hansschlegelia plantiphila is a Gram-negative, aerobic and non-motile bacterium species from the genus of Hansschlegelia.

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Hansschlegelia zhihuaiae

Hansschlegelia zhihuaiae is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacterium species from the genus of Hansschlegelia which has been isolated from polluted farmland soil in the Jiangsu Province in China.

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Hapalosiphonaceae

The Hapalosiphonaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Haplogroup

A haplotype is a group of genes in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent, and a haplogroup (haploid from the ἁπλούς, haploûs, "onefold, simple" and group) is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor with a single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation.

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Harold Craighead

Harold G. Craighead is an American professor of applied and engineering physics at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, where he holds the title of Charles W. Lake Professor of Engineering.

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Harold E. Varmus

Harold Eliot Varmus (born December 18, 1939) is an American Nobel Prize-winning scientist and was the 14th Director of the National Cancer Institute, a post to which he was appointed by President Barack Obama, and before that was director of the National Institutes of Health from 1993 to 1999.

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Harvestman anatomy

Harvestmen are an order of arachnids, with which they share many characteristics: their body is divided into two body regions (tagmata), the abdomen (opisthosoma) and the cephalothorax (prosoma); however, unlike in spiders, the juncture is often poorly defined.

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HAS2

Hyaluronan synthase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HAS2 gene.

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Haverhill fever

Haverhill fever (or epidemic arthritic erythema) is a form of "rat-bite fever" caused by the bacterium Streptobacillus moniliformis, an organism common in rats and mice.

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Haybox

A haybox, straw box, fireless cooker, insulation cooker, wonder oven or retained-heat cooker is a cooker that utilizes the heat of the food being cooked to complete the cooking process.

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Hazard

A hazard is an agent which has the potential to cause harm to a vulnerable target.

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HD domain

In molecular biology, the HD domain is a conserved protein domain.

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HdeA family

In molecular biology, the HdeA family of proteins (HNS (histone-like nucleoid structuring)-dependent '''e'''xpression A) is a stress response protein family found in highly acid resistant bacteria such as Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli, but which is lacking in mildly acid tolerant bacteria such as Salmonella.

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Healing of periapical lesions

Apical periodontitis is typically the body’s defense response to the threat of microbial invasion from the root canal.

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Health in Malawi

Malawi ranks 170th out of 174 in the World Health Organization lifespan tables; 88% of the population live on less than £2.40 per day; and 50% are below the poverty line.

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Health in Mali

Mali, one of the world’s poorest nations, is greatly affected by poverty, malnutrition, epidemics, and inadequate hygiene and sanitation.

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Health Protection Agency

The Health Protection Agency (HPA) was a non-departmental public body in the United Kingdom.

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Healthcare in Kosovo

In the past, Kosovo’s capabilities to develop a modern health care system were limited.

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HEARO RNA motif

HNH Endonuclease-Associated RNA and ORF (HEARO) RNAs conform to a conserved RNA structure that was identified in bacteria by bioinformatics.

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Heat recovery ventilation

Heat recovery ventilation (HRV), also known as mechanical ventilation heat recovery (MVHR), is an energy recovery ventilation system using equipment known as a heat recovery ventilator, heat exchanger, air exchanger, or air-to-air heat exchanger which employs a cross flow or counter-flow heat exchanger (countercurrent heat exchange) between the inbound and outbound air flow.

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Heat shock protein

Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a family of proteins that are produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions.

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Heat wave

A heat wave is a period of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity, especially in oceanic climate countries.

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Heavy crude oil

Heavy crude oil (or extra heavy crude oil) is highly-viscous oil that cannot easily flow to production wells under normal reservoir conditions.

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Heavy oil production

Heavy oil production is a developing technology for extracting heavy oil in industrial quantities.

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Hediste diversicolor

Hediste diversicolor, commonly known as a ragworm, is a polychaete worm in the family Nereidae.

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Helaeomyia petrolei

The petroleum fly, Helaeomyia petrolei, is a species of fly from California, USA.

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Heliamphora

The genus Heliamphora (or; Greek: helos "marsh" and amphoreus "amphora") contains 23 species of pitcher plants endemic to South America.

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Heliciculture

Heliciculture, also known as heliculture, commonly known as snail farming, is the process of raising land snails specifically for human use, either to use their flesh as edible escargot, or more recently, to obtain snail slime for use in cosmetics, or snail eggs for human consumption as a type of caviar.

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Helicobacter

Helicobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria possessing a characteristic helical shape.

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Helicobacter acinonychis

Helicobacter acinonychis is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order.

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Helicobacter anseris

Helicobacter anseris is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order.

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Helicobacter bilis

Helicobacter bilis is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order.

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Helicobacter brantae

Helicobacter brantae is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order.

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Helicobacter canadensis

Helicobacter canadensis is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order, first isolated from humans with diarrhea.

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Helicobacter canis

Helicobacter canis is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order.

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Helicobacter cholecystus

Helicobacter cholecystus is a bacterium first isolated from gallbladders of golden hamster with cholangiofibrosis and centrilobular pancreatitis.

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Helicobacter cinaedi

Helicobacter cinaedi is a bacterium in the family Helicobacteraceae, Campylobacterales order.

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Helicobacter felis

Helicobacter felis is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order.

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Helicobacter hepaticus

Helicobacter hepaticus is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order.

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Helicobacter muridarum

Helicobacter muridarum is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order.

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Helicobacter pametensis

Helicobacter pametensis is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order.

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Helicobacter pullorum

Helicobacter pullorum is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order.

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Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori, previously known as Campylobacter pylori, is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium usually found in the stomach.

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Helicobacter rodentium

Helicobacter rodentium is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order.

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Helicobacter salomonis

Helicobacter salomonis is a canine gastric Helicobacter bacterium.

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Helicobacter trogontum

Helicobacter trogontum is a bacterium in the Helicobacteraceae family, Campylobacterales order.

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Helicoverpa zea

Helicoverpa zea, commonly known as the corn earworm, is a species (formerly in the genus Heliothis) in the family Noctuidae.

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Heliobacteria

The heliobacteria are phototrophic: they convert light energy into chemical energy by photosynthesis and they use a type I reaction center.

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Heliothrix oregonensis

Heliothrix oregonensis is a phototrophic filamentous, gliding bacterium containing bacteriochlorophyll a that is aerotolerant and photoheterotrophic.

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Helix (gastropod)

Helix is a genus of large air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs.

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Helix-turn-helix

In proteins, the helix-turn-helix (HTH) is a major structural motif capable of binding DNA.

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Helminths

Helminths, also commonly known as parasitic worms, are large multicellular parasites, which can generally be seen with the naked eye when they are mature.

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Hemagglutination assay

The hemagglutination assay (or haemagglutination assay; HA) and the hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI or HAI) were developed in 1941–42 by American virologist George Hirst as methods for quantifying the relative concentration of viruses, bacteria, or antibodies.

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Hematophagy

Hematophagy (sometimes spelled haematophagy or hematophagia) is the practice by certain animals of feeding on blood (from the Greek words αἷμα haima "blood" and φάγειν phagein "to eat").

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Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin (American) or haemoglobin (British); abbreviated Hb or Hgb, is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates (with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates.

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Hemolysin

Hemolysins or haemolysins are lipids and proteins that cause lysis of red blood cells by destroying their cell membrane.

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Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis

Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) is a disease of dogs characterized by sudden vomiting and bloody diarrhea.

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Hemp

Hemp, or industrial hemp (from Old English hænep), typically found in the northern hemisphere, is a variety of the Cannabis sativa plant species that is grown specifically for the industrial uses of its derived products.

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Henning Stahlberg

Henning Stahlberg is a German physicist and Professor at the Biozentrum of the University of Basel, Switzerland.

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HEPN domain

In molecular biology, the HEPN domain (higher eukaryotes and prokaryotes nucleotide-binding domain) is a region of approximately 110 amino acids found in the C terminus of sacsin, a chaperonin implicated in an early-onset neurodegenerative disease in human, and in many bacterial and archaea proteins.

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Herbal distillate

Herbal distillates, also known as floral waters, hydrosols, hydrolates, herbal waters, and essential waters, are aqueous products of hydrodistillation.

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Herbaspirillum

Herbaspirillum is a genus of bacteria, including the nitrogen-fixing Herbaspirillum lusitanum.

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Herbaspirillum aquaticum

Herbaspirillum aquaticum is a bacterium of the genus Herbaspirillum.

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Herbaspirillum autotrophicum

Herbaspirillum autotrophicum is an bacterium which cannot fix nitrogen under laboratory conditions, like Herbaspirillum seropedicae, because it does not have the ''Nif'' gene.

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Herbaspirillum chlorophenolicum

Herbaspirillum chlorophenolicum is a 4-chlorophenol-degrading bacterium from the genus Herbaspirillum.

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Herbaspirillum frisingense

Herbaspirillum frisingense is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium which was found in C4-fibre plants like prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata), Chinese silver grass, (Miscanthus sinensis), Amur silver-grass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus), and Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum).

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Herbaspirillum hiltneri

Herbaspirillum hiltneri is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Herbaspirillum isolated from surface-sterilized wheat roots.

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Herbaspirillum huttiense

Herbaspirillum huttiense is a Gram-negative species of bacteria.

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Herbaspirillum lusitanum

Herbaspirillum lusitanum is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium found in root nodules of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris).

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Herbaspirillum rhizosphaerae

Herbaspirillum rhizosphaerae is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Herbaspirillum isolated from rhizosphere soil of Allium victorialis var.

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Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans

Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium of the genus Herbaspirillum found in roots and stems of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and rice (Oryza sativa).

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Herbaspirillum seropedicae

Herbaspirillum seropedicae is an betaproteobacteria with is endophytic diazotroph and forms nitrogen-fixing associations with maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor),sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum), bananas (Musa) and pineapple (Ananas comosus).

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Herbert Copeland

Herbert Faulkner Copeland (May 21, 1902 – Jan 31, 1968) was an American Copeland, Herb.

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Herbivore

A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet.

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Herbivore adaptations to plant defense

Herbivores are dependent on plants for food, and have coevolved mechanisms to obtain this food despite the evolution of a diverse arsenal of plant defenses against herbivory.

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Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler–Weber–Rendu disease and Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder that leads to abnormal blood vessel formation in the skin, mucous membranes, and often in organs such as the lungs, liver, and brain.

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Herminiimonas

Herminiimonas is a genus of bacteria in the Oxalobacteraceae family.

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Herminiimonas aquatilis

Herminiimonas aquatilis is a bacterial species isolated from drinking water.

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Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans

Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans is a species of ultramicrobacteria.

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Herminiimonas fonticola

Herminiimonas fonticola is the type species of the bacterial genus Herminiimonas.

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Herminiimonas glaciei

Herminiimonas glaciei is a species of ultramicrobacterium in the family Oxalobacteraceae.

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Herminiimonas saxobsidens

Herminiimonas saxobsidens is a species of ultramicrobacteria.

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Hermite distribution

In probability theory and statistics, the Hermite distribution, named after Charles Hermite, is a discrete probability distribution used to model count data with more than one parameter.

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Herpesviral encephalitis

Herpesviral encephalitis is encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus.

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Herpetosiphon

Herpetosiphon is a genus of bacteria in the family Herpetosiphonaceae.

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Herpetosiphon giganteus

Herpetosiphon giganteus is a species of bacteria in the genus Herpetosiphon known to produce 16 restriction enzymes.

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Herpetosiphonaceae

Herpetosiphonaceae is a family of bacteria in the order Herpetosiphonales.

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Herpetosiphonales

Herpetosiphonales is one of two orders of bacteria in the class Chloroflexi.

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Herrgårdsost

Herrgårdsost (Manorhouse cheese) is a semi-hard Swedish cheese made from cow's milk.

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Hesiocaeca methanicola

Hesiocaeca methanicola is a species of polychaete worm that inhabits methane clathrate deposits in the ocean floor.

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Hesionidae

Hesionidae are a family of phyllodocid "bristle worms" (class Polychaeta).

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Heteroleibleiniaceae

The Heteroleibleiniaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Heterotroph

A heterotroph (Ancient Greek ἕτερος héteros.

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Hevea brasiliensis

Hevea brasiliensis, the Pará rubber tree, sharinga tree, seringueira, or, most commonly, the rubber tree or rubber plant, is a tree belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae.

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Hexokinase

A hexokinase is an enzyme that phosphorylates hexoses (six-carbon sugars), forming hexose phosphate.

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Hfq binding sRNA

An Hfq binding sRNA is an sRNA that binds the bacterial RNA binding protein called Hfq.

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Hfr cell

A high-frequency recombination cell (Hfr cell) (also called an Hfr strain) is a bacterium with a conjugative plasmid (for example, the F-factor) integrated into its chromosomal DNA.

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Hickey Run

Hickey Run is a tributary stream of the Anacostia River in Washington, D.C..

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Hideyo Noguchi

, also known as, was a prominent Japanese bacteriologist who in 1911 discovered the agent of syphilis as the cause of progressive paralytic disease.

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Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize

The honors men and women "with outstanding achievements in the fields of medical research and medical services to combat infectious and other diseases in Africa, thus contributing to the health and welfare of the African people and of all humankind."Japan, Cabinet Office: The prize, officially named "The Prize in Recognition of Outstanding Achievements in the Fields of Medical Research and Medical Services in Africa Awarded in Memory of Dr. Hideyo Noguchi," is managed by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

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Hidradenitis suppurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), also known as acne inversa, is a long term skin disease characterized by the occurrence of inflamed and swollen lumps.

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Hillview Reservoir

The Hillview Reservoir is a storage reservoir in southeastern Yonkers, New York.

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Hindgut fermentation

Hindgut fermentation is a digestive process seen in monogastric herbivores, animals with a simple, single-chambered stomach.

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Hippopotamus

The common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), or hippo, is a large, mostly herbivorous, semiaquatic mammal native to sub-Saharan Africa, and one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae, the other being the pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis or Hexaprotodon liberiensis).

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Hirschia

In taxonomy, Hirschia is a genus of the Hyphomonadaceae.

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Histidine operon leader

The Histidine operon leader is an RNA element found in the bacterial histidine operon.

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Histidine phosphotransfer domain

Histidine phosphotransfer domains and histidine phosphotransferases (both often abbreviated HPt) are protein domains involved in the "phosphorelay" form of two-component regulatory systems.

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Histidinol dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a histidinol dehydrogenase (HIS4) (HDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-histidinol and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are L-histidine, NADH, and H+.

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Histone

In biology, histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.

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Histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein

In molecular biology, the histone-like nucleoid-structuring (H-NS) protein belongs to a family of bacterial proteins that play a role in the formation of nucleoid structure and affect gene expression under certain conditions.

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History of biology

The history of biology traces the study of the living world from ancient to modern times.

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History of California bread

The history of California bread as a prominent factor in the field of bread baking dates from the days of the California Gold Rush around 1849, encompassing the development of sourdough bread in San Francisco.

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History of Earth

The history of Earth concerns the development of planet Earth from its formation to the present day.

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History of emerging infectious diseases

The discovery of disease-causing pathogens is an important activity in the field of medical science.

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History of evolutionary thought

Evolutionary thought, the conception that species change over time, has roots in antiquity – in the ideas of the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Chinese as well as in medieval Islamic science.

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History of experiments

The history of experimental research is long and varied.

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History of genetic engineering

Genetic modification caused by human activity has been occurring since around 12,000 BC, when humans first began to domesticate organisms.

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History of genetics

The history of genetics dates from the classical era with contributions by Hippocrates, Aristotle and Epicurus.

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History of Mars observation

The recorded history of observation of the planet Mars dates back to the era of the ancient Egyptian astronomers in the 2nd millennium BCE.

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History of medicine

The history of medicine shows how societies have changed in their approach to illness and disease from ancient times to the present.

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History of medicine in Cyprus

The practice of medicine and therapeutics in Cyprus has its roots into ancient times.

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History of molecular evolution

The history of molecular evolution starts in the early 20th century with "comparative biochemistry", but the field of molecular evolution came into its own in the 1960s and 1970s, following the rise of molecular biology.

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History of phycology

The history of phycology is the history of the scientific study of algae.

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History of polymerase chain reaction

The history of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has variously been described as a classic "Eureka!" moment, or as an example of cooperative teamwork between disparate researchers.

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History of United States patent law

The history of United States patent law started even before the U.S. Constitution was adopted, with some state-specific patent laws.

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History of zoology (through 1859)

The history of zoology before Charles Darwin's 1859 theory of evolution traces the organized study of the animal kingdom from ancient to modern times.

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HIV/AIDS

Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

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HIV/AIDS in China

Much of the current spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in China has been through intravenous drug use and prostitution.

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Hjalmar Heiberg

Hjalmar Heiberg (26 September 1837 – 25 September 1897) was a Norwegian physician and a professor at the University of Oslo.

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HK97

HK97 is a bacterial virus, bacteriophage, known to infect Escherichia coli and related bacteria.

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HLA-B

HLA-B (major histocompatibility complex, class I, B) is a human gene that provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system.

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HMA domain

In molecular biology, the HMA domain (heavy-metal-associated domain) is a conserved protein domain found in a number of heavy metal transport or detoxification proteins.

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Hoechst stain

Hoechst stains are part of a family of blue fluorescent dyes used to stain DNA.

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Hoeflea

Hoeflea is a genus of Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria.

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Hoeflea alexandrii

Hoeflea alexandrii is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, non-spore-forming, motile bacteria with a single polar flagella from the genus of Hoeflea which was isolated from Alexandrium minutum AL1V in Vigo in Spain.

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Hoeflea anabaenae

Hoeflea anabaenae is a bacterium from the genus of Hoeflea.

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Hoeflea halophila

Hoeflea halophila is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria from the genus of Hoeflea which was isolated from marine sediment from the Sea of Japan.

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Hoeflea marina

Hoeflea marina is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Hoeflea which was isolated from marine environments in Germany.

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Hoeflea phototrophica

Hoeflea phototrophica are aerobic marine bacteria from the genus of Hoeflea which was isolated from a culture of Prorocentrum lima.

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Hoeflea siderophila

Hoeflea siderophila is a neutrophilic iron-oxidizing, motile bacteria with a single polar flagellum, from the genus of Hoeflea which was isolated from the Staraya Russa Resort in the Novgorod region in Russia.

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Hoffmann's two-toed sloth

Hoffmann's two-toed sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni) is a species of sloth from Central and South America.

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HolA

In molecular biology, holA is a gene that encodes the δ (delta) subunit of DNA polymerase III in E. coli and other bacteria.

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Holdemania filiformis

Holdemania filiformis is a bacterium from the genus of Holdemania which has been isolated from human feces.

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Holdemania massiliensis

Holdemania fmassiliensis is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Holdemania which has been isolated from human feces.

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Hollandina pterotermitidis

Hollandina pterotermitidis is a species of spirochete that is symbiotic in wood-eating cockroaches and termites, the type species of its genus.

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Holographic display

A holographic display is a type of display that utilizes light diffraction to create a virtual three-dimensional image of an object.

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Holophaga foetida

Holophaga foetida is a bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Holophagales

The order Holophagales (Ho.lo.pha.ga′les) is a member of phylum Acidobacteria and class Holophagae.

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Holosporaceae

The Holosporaceae are a family of bacteria, formerly included in the order Rickettsiales, but now raised to their own order, the Holosporales.

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Holothuria mexicana

Holothuria mexicana, also known as the donkey dung sea cucumber is commonly found in the Caribbean and the Azores.

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Homarus gammarus

Homarus gammarus, known as the European lobster or common lobster, is a species of clawed lobster from the eastern Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and parts of the Black Sea.

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Homeoviscous adaptation

Homeoviscous adaptation is the adaptation of the cell membrane lipid composition to keep the adequate membrane fluidity.

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Homing endonuclease

The homing endonucleases are a collection of endonucleases encoded either as freestanding genes within introns, as fusions with host proteins, or as self-splicing inteins.

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Homoeothrix (cyanobacteria)

Homoeothrix is a genus of cyanobacteria.

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Homoeotrichaceae

The Homoeotrichaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Homologous recombination

Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which nucleotide sequences are exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of DNA.

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Homoserine dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a homoserine dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 2 substrates of this enzyme are L-homoserine and NAD+ (or NADP+), whereas its 3 products are L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde, NADH (or NADPH), and H+.

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Hood Canal

Hood Canal is a fjord forming the western lobe, and one of the four main basins,, Chapter 3 of the, King County Department of Natural Resources, Seattle, Washington, 2001.

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Hopanoids

Hopanoids are natural pentacyclic compounds (containing five rings) based on the chemical structure of hopane.

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HopC RNA motif

The hopC RNA motif is a predicted cis-regulatory element identified by a bioinformatic screen for conserved RNA secondary structures.

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Horizontal gene transfer

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or multicellular organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring.

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Horizontal gene transfer in evolution

Scientists trying to reconstruct evolutionary history have been challenged by the fact that genes can sometimes transfer between distant branches on the tree of life.

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Horrible Science

Horrible Science is a similar series of books to Horrible Histories, written by Nick Arnold (with the exception of Evolve or Die, which is written by Phil Gates), illustrated by Tony de Saulles and published in the UK and India by Scholastic.

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Hospital-acquired infection

A hospital-acquired infection (HAI), also known as a nosocomial infection, is an infection that is acquired in a hospital or other health care facility.

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Host tropism

Host tropism is the infection specificity of certain pathogens to particular hosts and host tissues.

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Host–pathogen interaction

The host-pathogen interaction is defined as how microbes or viruses sustain themselves within host organisms on a molecular, cellular, organismal or population level.

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Hot dog cart

A hot dog cart is a specialized mobile food stand for preparing and selling street food, specifically hot dogs, to passersby.

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Hot spring

A hot spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater that rises from the Earth's crust.

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Hot tub folliculitis

Hot tub folliculitis (also known as Pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis) is a common type of folliculitis, a condition which causes inflammation of hair follicles.

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House mouse

The house mouse (Mus musculus) is a small mammal of the order Rodentia, characteristically having a pointed snout, small rounded ears, and a long naked or almost hairless tail.

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Household silver

Household silver or silverware (the silver, the plate, or silver service) includes tableware, cutlery, and other household items made of sterling silver, Britannia silver, or Sheffield plate silver.

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Housekeeping

Housekeeping refers to the management of duties and chores involved in the running of a household, such as cleaning, cooking, home maintenance, shopping, laundry and bill pay.

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How Clean Is Your House?

How Clean Is Your House? was a British entertainment/lifestyle television programme in which expert cleaners Kim Woodburn and Aggie MacKenzie visited extremely filthy homes and clean them.

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How the Earth Was Made

How the Earth Was Made is a documentary television series produced by Pioneer Productions for the History channel.

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HslVU

The heat shock proteins hslV and hslU (also known as clpQ and clpY respectivelyRamachandran R, Hartmann C, Song HK, Huber R, Bochtler M. (2002). Functional interactions of HslV (ClpQ) with the ATPase HslU (ClpY). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(11):7396-401.) are expressed in many bacteria such as E. coli in response to cell stress.

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HSP60

Heat shock proteins are generally responsible for preventing damage to proteins in response to high levels of heat.

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Hsp90

Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) is a chaperone protein that assists other proteins to fold properly, stabilizes proteins against heat stress, and aids in protein degradation.

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Huangjiu

Huangjiu, often translated as yellow wine, is a type of Chinese alcoholic beverage made from water, cereal grains such as rice, sorghum, millet, or wheat, and a jiuqu starter culture.

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Hugo Miehe

Hugo Robert Heinrich August Miehe (12 August 1875, Braunschweig – 9 March 1932, Berlin) was a German botanist.

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Hulda Regehr Clark

Hulda Regehr Clark (18 October 1928 in Rosthern, Saskatchewan – 3 September 2009 in Chula Vista, California), domain registered by Clark's publisher, New Century Press: "On the evening of September 3rd 2009, Dr.

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Human brain

The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.

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Human digestive system

The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder).

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Human feces

Human feces (or faeces in British English; fæx) are the solid or semisolid remains of the food that could not be digested or absorbed in the small intestine, but has been rotted down by bacteria in the large intestine.

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Human Genome Sequencing Center

The Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center (BCM-HGSC) was established by Richard A. Gibbs in 1996 when Baylor College of Medicine was chosen as one of six worldwide sites to complete the final phase of the international Human Genome Project.

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Human granulocytic anaplasmosis

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is a tick-borne, infectious disease caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligate intracellular bacterium that is typically transmitted to humans by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus species complex, including Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus in North America.

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Human impact on the nitrogen cycle

Human impact on the nitrogen cycle is diverse.

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Human iron metabolism

Human iron metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that maintain human homeostasis of iron at the systemic and cellular level.

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Human Microbiome Project

The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) was a United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) research initiative to improve understanding of the microbial flora involved in human health and disease.

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Human microbiota

The human microbiota is the aggregate of microorganisms that resides on or within any of a number of human tissues and biofluids, including the skin, mammary glands, placenta, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung, saliva, oral mucosa, conjunctiva, biliary and gastrointestinal tracts.

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Human milk banking in North America

A human milk bank is "a service which collects, screens, processes, and dispenses by prescription human milk donated by nursing mothers who are not biologically related to the recipient infant".

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Human milk oligosaccharide

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO, also known as human milk glycans) are sugar molecules, that are part of the oligosaccharides group and which can be found in high concentrations exclusively in human breast milk.

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Human pathogen

A human pathogen is a pathogen (microbe or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus) that causes disease in humans.

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Human skin

The human skin is the outer covering of the body.

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Human tooth

The human teeth function to mechanically break down items of food by cutting and crushing them in preparation for swallowing and digesting.

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Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina was an extremely destructive and deadly Category 5 hurricane that caused catastrophic damage along the Gulf coast from central Florida to Texas, much of it due to the storm surge and levee failure.

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Hutti Gold Mines Limited

Hutti Gold Mines Limited (ಹಟ್ಟಿ ಚಿನ್ನದ ಗಣಿ) (HGML) is a company located in the state of Karnataka, India and engaged in the mining and production of gold.

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Hyalella azteca

Hyalella azteca is a widespread and abundant species of amphipod crustacean in North America.

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Hybridization probe

In molecular biology, a hybridization probe is a fragment of DNA or RNA of variable length (usually 100–1000 bases long) which can be radioactively labeled.

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Hydraulic fracturing

Hydraulic fracturing (also fracking, fraccing, frac'ing, hydrofracturing or hydrofracking) is a well stimulation technique in which rock is fractured by a pressurized liquid.

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Hydrococcaceae

The Hydrococcaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Hydrodynamic focusing

Hydrodynamic focusing is a technique used to provide more accurate results from flow cytometers or Coulter counters for determining the size of bacteria or cells.

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Hydrogen cyanide

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN), sometimes called prussic acid, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula HCN.

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Hydrogen economy

The hydrogen economy is a proposed system of delivering energy using hydrogen.

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Hydrogen hypothesis

The hydrogen hypothesis is a model proposed by William F. Martin and Miklós Müller in 1998 that describes a possible way in which the mitochondrion arose as an endosymbiont within an archaeon (without doubts classified as prokaryote at then times), giving rise to a symbiotic association of two cells from which the first eukaryotic cell could have arisen (symbiogenesis).

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Hydrogen oxidizing bacteria

Hydrogen oxidizing bacteria, or sometimes Knallgas-bacteria, are bacteria that oxidize hydrogen as a source of energy with oxygen as final electron acceptor.

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Hydrogen production

Hydrogen production is the family of industrial methods for generating hydrogen.

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Hydrogenobacter thermophilus

Hydrogenobacter thermophilus is an extremely thermophilic, straight rod (bacillus) bacterium.

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Hydrogenophaga

Hydrogenophaga is a genus of comamonad bacteria, several of which were formerly classified in the genus Pseudomonas.

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Hydrogenophaga atypica

Hydrogenophaga atypica is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family, which was isolated from wastewater from an activated sludge.

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Hydrogenophaga bisanensis

Hydrogenophaga bisanensis is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family, which was isolated from wastewater from a textile dye works in Korea.

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Hydrogenophaga caeni

Hydrogenophaga caeni is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, motile bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family, with a single polar flagellum, which was isolated from an activated sludge.

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Hydrogenophaga defluvii

Hydrogenophaga defluvii is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family, which was isolated from wastewater.

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Hydrogenophaga flava

Hydrogenophaga flava is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped comamonad bacteria.

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Hydrogenophaga intermedia

Hydrogenophaga intermedia is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family.

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Hydrogenophaga palleronii

Hydrogenophaga palleronii is a bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family, which has the ability to degrade 4-aminobenzenesulfonate.

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Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava

Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava is a bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family.

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Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis

Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis is a catalase-negative bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family.

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Hydrogenophilaceae

The Hydrogenophilaceae are a family of the Hydrogenophilalia, with two genera – Hydrogenophilus and Tepidiphilus.

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Hydrogenosome

A hydrogenosome is a membrane-enclosed organelle of some anaerobic ciliates, trichomonads, fungi, and animals.

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Hydrogenothermaceae

The Hydrogenothermaceae family are bacteria that live in harsh environmental settings.

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Hydrogenovibrio crunogenus

Hydrogenovibrio crunogenus (basonym Thiomicrospira crunogena) is a colorless, sulfur-oxidizing bacterium first isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent.

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Hydronics

Hydronics is the use of a liquid heat-transfer medium in heating and cooling systems.

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Hydrotaea

Hydrotaea is a genus of insects in the housefly family, Muscidae.

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Hydroxocobalamin

Hydroxocobalamin, also known as vitamin B12a and hydroxycobalamin, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.

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Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase

In molecular biology, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase or HMG-CoA synthase is an enzyme which catalyzes the reaction in which Acetyl-CoA condenses with acetoacetyl-CoA to form 3-'''h'''ydroxy-3-'''m'''ethyl'''g'''lutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA).

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Hygiene hypothesis

In medicine, the hygiene hypothesis states a lack of early childhood exposure to infectious agents, symbiotic microorganisms (such as the gut flora or probiotics), and parasites increases susceptibility to allergic diseases by suppressing the natural development of the immune system.

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Hygromycin B

Hygromycin B is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus.

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Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus

Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus, commonly known as the olive wax cap, is a species of fungus in the genus Hygrophorus.

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Hymenobacter

Hymenobacter is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.

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Hymenobacter actinosclerus

Hymenobacter actinosclerus is a bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from pork chops.

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Hymenobacter aerophilus

Hymenobacter aerophilus is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from airborne from the Museo Correr in Venice in Italy.

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Hymenobacter algoricola

Hymenobacter algoricola is a species of bacteria first isolated from Victoria Upper Glacier, Antarctica on basal ice.

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Hymenobacter antarcticus

Hymenobacter antarcticus is a species of bacteria first isolated from Victoria Upper Glacier, Antarctica on basal ice.

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Hymenobacter arcticus

Hymenobacter arcticus is a Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from a glacial till sample near Ny-Ålesund in Norway.

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Hymenobacter arizonensis

Hymenobacter arizonensis is a rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from biological soil crusts at the Colorado Plateau in the United States.

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Hymenobacter chitinivorans

Hymenobacter chitinivorans is a bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from soil from Crete in Greece.

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Hymenobacter daecheongensis

Hymenobacter daecheongensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from stream sediments from the Daecheong Dam in Korea.

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Hymenobacter deserti

Hymenobacter deserti is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from soil from the desert of Xinjiang in China.

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Hymenobacter elongatus

Hymenobacter elongatus is a species of bacteria first isolated from Victoria Upper Glacier, Antarctica on basal ice.

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Hymenobacter fastidiosus

Hymenobacter fastidiosus is a species of bacteria first isolated from Victoria Upper Glacier, Antarctica on basal ice.

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Hymenobacter flocculans

Hymenobacter flocculans is a bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from an uranium mine waste water treatment system.

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Hymenobacter gelipurpurascens

Hymenobacter gelipurpurascens is a bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from soil from Alberta in Canada.

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Hymenobacter ginsengisoli

Hymenobacter ginsengisoli is a Gram-negative, and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field from the Chungnam Province in Korea.

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Hymenobacter glaciei

Hymenobacter glaciei is a species of bacteria first isolated from Victoria Upper Glacier, Antarctica on basal ice.

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Hymenobacter kanuolensis

Hymenobacter kanuolensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, radiation-resistant and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from soil from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Tibet in China.

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Hymenobacter koreensis

Hymenobacter koreensis is an extremely halophilic and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from a salt mine in Wensu County in China.

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Hymenobacter latericoloratus

Hymenobacter latericoloratus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from freshwater sediments from the Jiuxiang tourist cave from Yunnan in China.

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Hymenobacter luteus

Hymenobacter luteus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from freshwater sediments from the Jiuxiang tourist cave in the Yunnan province in China.

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Hymenobacter metalli

Hymenobacter metalli is a bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from an uranium mine waste water treatment system.

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Hymenobacter norwichensis

Hymenobacter norwichensis is a bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from air from the Centre for Visual Arts in the United Kingdom.

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Hymenobacter ocellatus

Hymenobacter ocellatus is a bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from dung of an antelope in South Africa.

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Hymenobacter perfusus

Hymenobacter perfusus is a bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from a uranium mine waste water treatment system.

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Hymenobacter psychrophilus

Hymenobacter psychrophilus is a Gram-negative, psychrophilic, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from soil from an industrial site in Bozen in Italy.

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Hymenobacter psychrotolerans

Hymenobacter psychrotolerans is a bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from permafrost sediments from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China.

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Hymenobacter qilianensis

Hymenobacter qilianensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from the permafrost region of Qilian Mountains in China.

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Hymenobacter rigui

Hymenobacter rigui is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from water from the Woopo wetland in Korea.

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Hymenobacter roseosalivarius

Hymenobacter roseosalivarius is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from soil and sandstone from the Antarctica.

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Hymenobacter roseus

Hymenobacter roseus is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from sand.

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Hymenobacter ruber

Hymenobacter ruber is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from grass soil.

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Hymenobacter saemangeumensis

Hymenobacter saemangeumensis is a Gram-negative, extremely halophilic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from a salt mine in Wensu County in China.

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Hymenobacter soli

Hymenobacter soli is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from grass soil in Korea.

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Hymenobacter terrenus

Hymenobacter terrenus is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, short rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter.

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Hymenobacter tibetensis

Hymenobacter tibetensis is an UV-resistant bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China.

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Hymenobacter wooponensis

Hymenobacter wooponensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from whater from Woopo wetland in Korea.

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Hymenobacter xinjiangensis

Hymenobacter xinjiangensis is a radiation-resistant, Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from sand from the desert of Xinjiang in China.

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Hymenobacter yonginensis

Hymenobacter yonginensis is a non-motile bacterium from the genus of Hymenobacter which has been isolated from a mesotrophic lake near the campus of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies in Yongin in Korea.

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Hypersensitive response

The hypersensitive response (HR) is a mechanism, used by plants, to prevent the spread of infection by microbial pathogens.

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Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia is elevated body temperature due to failed thermoregulation that occurs when a body produces or absorbs more heat than it dissipates.

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Hyperthermophile

A hyperthermophile is an organism that thrives in extremely hot environments—from 60 °C (140 °F) upwards.

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Hypertryptophanemia

Hypertryptophanemia, also called familial hypertryptophanemia, is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that results in a massive buildup of the amino acid tryptophan in the blood, with associated symptoms and tryptophanuria (-uria denotes "in the urine").

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Hyphomicrobiaceae

The Hyphomicrobiaceae are a family of bacteria.

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Hyphomicrobium

Hyphomicrobium is a genus of Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria from the family of Hyphomicrobiaceae.

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Hyphomicrobium aestuarii

Hyphomicrobium aestuarii is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Hyphomicrobium.

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Hyphomicrobium chloromethanicum

Hyphomicrobium chloromethanicum is an aerobic, methylotrophic bacteria from the genus of Hyphomicrobium which can utilize chloromethane as the only source of carbon.

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Hyphomicrobium coagulans

Hyphomicrobium coagulans is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, methylotrophic bacteria from the genus of Hyphomicrobium.

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Hyphomicrobium denitrificans

Hyphomicrobium denitrificansm is a bacterium from the genus of Hyphomicrobium which was isolated from the Netherlands.

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Hyphomicrobium facile

Hyphomicrobium facile is a bacterium from the genus of Hyphomicrobium which was isolated from soil in New Hampshire in the United States.

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Hyphomicrobium hollandicum

Hyphomicrobium hollandicum is an aerobic bacteria from the genus of Hyphomicrobium which was isolated from soil in California in the US.

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Hyphomicrobium methylovorum

Hyphomicrobium methylovorum is a bacterium from the genus of Hyphomicrobium which was isolated from soil samples in Japan.

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Hyphomicrobium nitrativorans

Hyphomicrobium nitrativorans is a bacterium from the genus of Hyphomicrobium which was isolated from biofilm at the Montreal Biodome in Canada.

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Hyphomicrobium sulfonivorans

Hyphomicrobium sulfonivorans is a bacterium from the genus of Hyphomicrobium which was isolated from garden soil in Warwickshire in England.

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Hyphomicrobium vulgare

Hyphomicrobium vulgare is a bacterium from the genus of Hyphomicrobium.

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Hyphomicrobium zavarzinii

Hyphomicrobium zavarzinii is a bacterium from the genus of Hyphomicrobium which was isolated from swampy soil in Moscow in Russia.

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Hyphomonadaceae

In taxonomy, the Hyphomonadaceae are a family of the Rhodobacterales.

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Hyphomonas

In taxonomy, Hyphomonas is a genus of the Hyphomonadaceae.

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Hypochlorous acid

Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is a weak acid that forms when chlorine dissolves in water, and itself partially dissociates, forming ClO-.

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Hypogeal

Hypogeal, hypogean, hypogeic and hypogeous are biological terms describing an organism's activity below the soil surface.

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Hypothetical types of biochemistry

Hypothetical types of biochemistry are forms of biochemistry speculated to be scientifically viable but not proven to exist at this time.

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Hypoxia (environmental)

Hypoxia refers to low oxygen conditions.

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Hypusine

Hypusine is an unusual amino acid found in all eukaryotes and in some archaea, but not in bacteria.

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I Am Legend (novel)

I Am Legend is a 1954 science fiction horror novel by American writer Richard Matheson.

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Iatrogenesis

Iatrogenesis (from the Greek for "brought forth by the healer") refers to any effect on a person resulting from any activity of one or more persons acting as healthcare professionals or promoting products or services as beneficial to health that does not support a goal of the person affected.

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ICD-10 Chapter I: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases

ICD-10 is an international statistical classification used in health care and related industries.

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ICD-10 Chapter VI: Diseases of the nervous system

ICD-10 is an international statistical classification used in health care and related industries.

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ICD-10 Chapter X: Diseases of the respiratory system

ICD-10 is an international statistical classification used in health care and related industries.

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ICD-10 Chapter XVI: Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period

ICD-10 is an international statistical classification used in health care and related industries.

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Ice-minus bacteria

Ice-minus bacteria is a common name given to a variant of the common bacterium Pseudomonas syringae (P. syringae).

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Icebreaker Life

Icebreaker Life is a Mars mission concept that was proposed for NASA's Discovery Program in 2015.

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Iconaster longimanus

Iconaster longimanus, the icon star or double star, is a species of starfish in the family Goniasteridae.

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Ideonella

Ideonella is a genus of Comamonadaceae bacteria.

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Ideonella azotifigens

Ideonella azotifigens is a nitrogen-fixing, Gram-negative, oxidase- and weak catalase-positive aerobic, motile bacterium from the genus Ideonella and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from grass rhizosphere soil in Ithaca in the United States.

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Ideonella dechloratans

Ideonella dechloratans is a chlorate-respiring bacterium from the genus Ideonella and family Comamonadaceae.

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Ideonella sakaiensis

Ideonella sakaiensis is a bacterium from the genus Ideonella and family Comamonadaceae capable of breaking down PET plastic which was isolated from outside a plastic bottle recycling facility.

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Idiomarina

Idiomarina is a genus of bacteria in the Gammaproteobacteria class, including the sequenced species Idiomarina loihiensis.

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Idiomarina loihiensis

Idiomarina loihiensis is a rod shaped, Gram-negative aerobic cell with a single polar flagellum in the genus Idiomarina.

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Ifremeria nautilei

Ifremeria nautilei is a species of large, deepwater hydrothermal vent sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Provannidae, and the only species in the genus Ifremeria.

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IgA specific serine endopeptidase

IgA protease (IgA-specific serine endopeptidase, IgA proteinase, IgA-specific proteinase, immunoglobulin A protease, immunoglobulin A proteinase) is an enzyme.

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Ignacio Solano

Ignacio Solano Cabello (born 17 June 1977) is a Spanish biologist, landscaper and expert on biological interactions.

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Igor Jauregi

Igor Jauregi Iraola (born 29 April 1974) is a Spanish retired footballer who played mainly as a central defender – he could also operate as a defensive midfielder.

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Iknife

Onkoknife, iKnife, or intelligent scalpel (English: Jedi knife, onkoknife; Hungarian: onkokés, intelligens sebészi kés) is a surgical knife, which tests tissue as it contacts it during an operation, and immediately gives information as to whether that tissue contains cancer cells.

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Ilyobacter delafieldii

Ilyobacter delafieldii is a motile, gram-negative, obligately anaerobic rod-shaped bacteria, with type strain 10cr1 (.

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Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase

In enzymology, an imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, D-erythro-1-(imidazol-4-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate, and two products, 3-(imidazol-4-yl)-2-oxopropyl phosphate and H2O.

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Imipenem

Imipenem (Primaxin) is an intravenous β-lactam antibiotic discovered by Merck scientists Burton Christensen, William Leanza, and Kenneth Wildonger in the mid-1970s.

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Immobilized Cell Technology

Immobilized cell technology is a method of air filtration and purification that uses whole cell immobilization.

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Immortality

Immortality is eternal life, being exempt from death, unending existence.

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Immune system

The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.

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Immunogenetics

Immunogenetics or immungenetics is the branch of medical genetics that explores the relationship between the immune system and genetics.

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Immunoglobulin G

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody.

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Immunoglobulin Y

Immunoglobulin Y (abbreviated as IgY) is a type of immunoglobulin which is the major antibody in bird, reptile, and lungfish blood.

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Immunosenescence

Immunosenescence refers to the gradual deterioration of the immune system brought on by natural age advancement.

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Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is the "treatment of disease by inducing, enhancing, or suppressing an immune response".

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IMP dehydrogenase

IMP dehydrogenase (Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase) (Inosinic acid dehydrogenaseis) (IMPDH) an enzyme that converts inosine monophosphate to xanthosine monophosphate: It catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction of de novo GTP biosynthesis.

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Impedance microbiology

Impedance microbiology is a rapid microbiological technique used to measure the microbial number density (mainly bacteria but also yeasts) of a sample by monitoring the electrical parameters of the growth medium.

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Imperialibacter

Imperialibacter is a genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae with one known species (Imperialibacter roseus).

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Imperialibacter roseus

Imperialibacter roseus is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Imperialibacter which has been isolated from groundwater.

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Implant (medicine)

An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure.

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In vitro toxicology

In vitro toxicity testing is the scientific analysis of the effects of toxic chemical substances on cultured bacteria or mammalian cells.

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Inactivated vaccine

An inactivated vaccine (or killed vaccine) is a vaccine consisting of virus particles, bacteria, or other pathogens that have been grown in culture and then killed using a method such as heat or formaldehyde.

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Inadine

Inadine is a brand of non-adherent surgical dressing containing the disinfectant povidone-iodine (PVP-I).

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Inclusion bodies

Inclusion bodies, sometimes called elementary bodies, are nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregates of stable substances, usually proteins.

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Incubator (culture)

In biology, an incubator is a device used to grow and maintain microbiological cultures or cell cultures.

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Index of biochemistry articles

Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms.

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Index of biology articles

Biology is the study of life and its processes.

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Index of genetics articles

Genetics (from Ancient Greek γενετικός genetikos, “genite” and that from γένεσις genesis, “origin”), a discipline of biology, is the science of heredity and variation in living organisms.

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Index of health articles

Health is the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities.

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Index of HIV/AIDS-related articles

This is a list of AIDS-related topics, many of which were originally taken from the public domain U.S. Department of Health Glossary of HIV/AIDS-Related Terms, 4th Edition.

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Index of molecular biology articles

This is a list of topics in molecular biology.

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Indian Institute of Horticultural Research

The Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR) is an autonomous organization acting as a nodal agency for basic, strategic, anticipatory and applied research on various aspects of horticulture such as fruits, vegetable, ornamental, medicinal and aromatic plants and mushrooms in India.

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Indican

Indican is a colourless organic compound, soluble in water, naturally occurring in Indigofera plants.

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Indicator bacteria

Indicator bacteria are types of bacteria used to detect and estimate the level of fecal contamination of water.

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Indicator organism

Indicator organisms are used as a proxy to monitor conditions in a particular environment, ecosystem, area, habitat, or consumer product.

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Indole

Indole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound with formula C8H7N.

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Indole test

The indole test is a biochemical test performed on bacterial species to determine the ability of the organism to convert tryptophan into indole.

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Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase

In enzymology, an indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase (IGPS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate, but 3 products: 1-C-(indol-3-yl)-glycerol 3-phosphate, CO2, and H2O.

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Indoor air quality

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a term which refers to the air quality within and around buildings and structures, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of building occupants.

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Indoor bioaerosol

Indoor bioaerosol is bioaerosol in an indoor environment.

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Indriidae

The Indriidae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Indridae) are a family of strepsirrhine primates.

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Industrial fermentation

Industrial fermentation is the intentional use of fermentation by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi as well as eukaryotic cells like CHO cells and insect cells, to make products useful to humans.

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Infection

Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.

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Infection control

Infection control is the discipline concerned with preventing nosocomial or healthcare-associated infection, a practical (rather than academic) sub-discipline of epidemiology.

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Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), also known as pinkeye, New Forest eye or blight,Farming Small Areas, August/September, 2008, "Clearing up pinkeye" is a veterinary infection of cattle caused by Moraxella bovis, a Gram-negative, β-haemolytic, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Infectious causes of cancer

Estimates place the worldwide risk of cancers from infectious causes at 16.1%.

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Inferring horizontal gene transfer

Horizontal or lateral gene transfer (HGT or LGT) is the transmission of portions of genomic DNA between organisms through a process decoupled from vertical inheritance.

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Inflammasome

The inflammasome is a multiprotein oligomer responsible for the activation of inflammatory responses.

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Inflammation

Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.

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Influenza

Influenza, commonly known as "the flu", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus.

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Ingestion

Ingestion is the consumption of a substance by an organism.

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Initial acquisition of microbiota

The initial acquisition of microbiota is the formation of an organism's microbiota immediately before and after birth.

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Innate immune system

The innate immune system, also known as the non-specific immune system or in-born immunity system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms involved in the defense of the host from infection by other organisms.

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Innate lymphoid cell

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a group of innate immune cells that are derived from common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) and belong to the lymphoid lineage.

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Inner mitochondrial membrane

The inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) is the mitochondrial membrane which separates the mitochondrial matrix from the intermembrane space.

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Inoculation needle

An inoculation needle is a laboratory equipment used in the field of microbiology to transfer and inoculate living microorganisms.

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Inosinic acid

Inosinic acid or inosine monophosphate (IMP) is a nucleoside monophosphate.

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Inositol-3-phosphate synthase

In enzymology, an inositol-3-phosphate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, D-glucose 6-phosphate, and one product, 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate.

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Inquilinus

Inquilinus is a bacterial genus from the family Rhodospirillaceae.

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Inquilinus limosus

Inquilinus limosus is a bacterium first isolated from cystic fibrosis patients' lungs, and is rarely observed elsewhere, prompting extensive research into its biology.

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Insect morphology

Insect morphology is the study and description of the physical form of insects.

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Insertion sequence IS1222 ribosomal frameshifting element

The Insertion sequence IS1222 ribosomal frameshifting element is an RNA element found in the insertion sequence IS222.

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Inspissation

Inspissation is the process of thickening by dehydration.

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Institute of Environmental Science and Research

The Institute of Environmental Science and Research (Māori: Te Whare Manaaki Tangata, Taiao hoki) is a New Zealand Crown Research Institute (CRI).

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Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência

The Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC) is an international centre for biological and biomedical research and graduate training.

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Instruments used in microbiology

Instruments used specially in microbiology are as follows.

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Integrated pest management

Integrated pest management (IPM), also known as integrated pest control (IPC) is a broad-based approach that integrates practices for economic control of pests.

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Interbilayer forces in membrane fusion

Membrane fusion is a key biophysical process that is essential for the functioning of life itself.

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Interferon

Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and also tumor cells.

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Internal medicine

Internal medicine or general medicine (in Commonwealth nations) is the medical specialty dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of adult diseases.

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Internal transcribed spacer

Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) refers to the spacer DNA situated between the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and large-subunit rRNA genes in the chromosome or the corresponding transcribed region in the polycistronic rRNA precursor transcript.

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Internally grooved copper tube

Internally grooved copper tubes also known as "microfin tubes" are a small diameter coil technology for modern air conditioning and refrigeration systems.

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International Census of Marine Microbes

The International Census of Marine Microbes is a field project of the Census of Marine Life that inventories microbial diversity by cataloging all known diversity of single-cell organisms including bacteria, Archaea, Protista, and associated viruses, exploring and discovering unknown microbial diversity, and placing that knowledge into ecological and evolutionary contexts.

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International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes

The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) formerly the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) or Bacteriological Code (BC) governs the scientific names for Bacteria and Archaea.

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International Collection of Microorganisms from Plants

The International Collection of Microorganisms from Plants (ICMP) is a major international culture collection of live bacteria, fungi, and chromists based in Auckland, New Zealand.

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Intertrigo

Intertrigo refers to a type of inflammatory rash (dermatitis) of the superficial skin that occurs within a person's body folds.

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Intracellular parasite

Intracellular parasites are microparasites that are capable of growing and reproducing inside the cells of a host.

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Intralytix

Intralytix is a biotechnology company based in Baltimore, Maryland.

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Introduction to evolution

Evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs.

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Introduction to genetics

Genetics is the study of heredity and variations.

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Introduction to viruses

A virus is a biological agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts.

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Inulin

Inulins are a group of naturally occurring polysaccharides produced by many types of plants, industrially most often extracted from chicory.

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Invasion gene associated RNA (InvR)

Invasion gene associated RNA (also known as InvR) is a small non-coding RNA involved in regulating one of the major outer cell membrane porin proteins in Salmonella species.

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Ion-mobility spectrometry

Ion-mobility spectrometry (IMS) is an analytical technique used to separate and identify ionized molecules in the gas phase based on their mobility in a carrier buffer gas.

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Ionomycin

Ionomycin is an ionophore produced by the bacterium Streptomyces conglobatus.

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Iron dependent repressor

In molecular biology, the iron dependent repressors are a family of bacterial and archaeal transcriptional repressors.

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Iron fertilization

Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron fines to iron-poor areas of the ocean surface to stimulate phytoplankton production.

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Iron Mountain Mine

Iron Mountain Mine, also known as the Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain, is a mine near Redding in Northern California, US.

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Iron-oxidizing bacteria

Iron-oxidizing bacteria are chemotrophic bacteria that derive the energy they need to live and multiply by oxidizing dissolved ferrous iron.

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Iron–nickel clusters

Figure 1: Closed triangulated polyhedra. (a) Tetrahedron (Td), (b) Trigonal bipyramid (D3h). (c) Octahedron (Oh). (d) Pentagonal bipyramid (D5d). (e) Capped octahedron (Cs). (f) Octadecahedron (C2r) Iron–nickel (Fe–Ni) clusters are metal clusters consisting of iron and nickel, i.e. Fe–Ni structures displaying polyhedral frameworks held together by two or more metal–metal bonds per metal atom, where the metal atoms are located at the vertices of closed, triangulated polyhedra.

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Iron–sulfur world hypothesis

The iron–sulfur world hypothesis is a set of proposals for the origin of life and the early evolution of life advanced in a series of articles between 1988 and 1992 by Günter Wächtershäuser, a Munich patent lawyer with a degree in chemistry, who had been encouraged and supported by philosopher Karl R. Popper to publish his ideas.

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Irrigation in viticulture

Irrigation in viticulture is the process of applying extra water in the cultivation of grapevines.

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Irritant diaper dermatitis

Irritant diaper dermatitis is a generic term applied to skin rashes in the diaper area that are caused by various skin disorders and/or irritants.

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IS061 RNA

The ISO61 (IsrA) RNA is a bacterial non-coding RNA that is found between the abgR and ydaL genes in Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri.

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IS102 RNA

The IS102 RNA is a non-coding RNA that is found in bacteria such as Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli.

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IS128 RNA

The IS128 RNA is a non-coding RNA found in bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri.

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Ischemic colitis

Ischemic colitis (also spelled ischaemic colitis) is a medical condition in which inflammation and injury of the large intestine result from inadequate blood supply.

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Isfinder

ISfinder is a database of insertion sequences isolated from eubacteria and archae.

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Islais Creek

Islais Creek or Islais Creek Channel (previously known as Du Vrees Creek, Islais Channel and Islais Swamp) is a small creek in San Francisco, California.

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Ismar Isidor Boas

Ismar Isidor Boas (28 March 1858 – 15 March 1938) was a German gastroenterologist born in the town of Exin.

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Isobutanol

Isobutanol (IUPAC nomenclature: 2-methylpropan-1-ol) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CHCH2OH (sometimes represented as i-BuOH).

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Isocitrate lyase

Isocitrate lyase, or ICL, is an enzyme in the glyoxylate cycle that catalyzes the cleavage of isocitrate to succinate and glyoxylate.

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Isocitrate/isopropylmalate dehydrogenase family

In molecular biology, the isocitrate/isopropylmalate dehydrogenase family is a protein family consisting of the evolutionary related enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase, 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase and tartrate dehydrogenase.

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Isoglutamine

Isoglutamine or α-glutamine is a gamma amino acid derived from glutamic acid by substituting the carboxyl group in position 1 with an amide group.

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Isolation (health care)

In health care facilities, isolation represents one of several measures that can be taken to implement infection control: the prevention of contagious diseases from being spread from a patient to other patients, health care workers, and visitors, or from outsiders to a particular patient (reverse isolation).

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Isopentenyl pyrophosphate

Isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate, or IDP) is an isoprenoid precursor.

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Isoptericola

Isoptericola is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterial genus from the family of Promicromonosporaceae.

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Isoptericola chiayiensis

Isoptericola chiayiensis is a bacterium from the genus of Isoptericola which has been isolated from mangrove soil from Chiayi County in Taiwan.

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Isoptericola dokdonensis

Isoptericola dokdonensis is a Gram-positive and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Isoptericola which has been isolated from soil from Dokdo in Korea.

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Isoptericola halotolerans

Isoptericola halotolerans is a Gram-positive, moderately halophilic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Isoptericola which has been isolated from soil from the Qinghai Province in China.

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Isoptericola hypogeus

Isoptericola hypogeus is a bacterium from the genus of Isoptericola which has been isolated from the catacomb of Domitilla in Rome in Italy.

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Isoptericola jiangsuensis

Isoptericola jiangsuensis is a Gram-positive, chitin-degrading and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Isoptericola which has been isolated from beach soil near Lianyungang in China.

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Isoptericola nanjingensis

Isoptericola nanjingensis is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Isoptericola which has been isolated from soil from Nanjing in China.

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Isoptericola variabilis

Isoptericola variabilis is a facultative anaerobic and nitrile-hydrolysing bacterium from the genus of Isoptericola which has been isolated from the hindgut of the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis in Germany.

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Isoschizomer

Isoschizomers are pairs of restriction enzymes specific to the same recognition sequence.

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Isothiazolinone

Isothiazolinone (sometimes isothiazolone) is a heterocyclic chemical compound related to isothiazole.

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Iteron

Iterons are directly repeated DNA sequences which play an important role in regulation of plasmid copy number in bacterial cells.

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Ivan Wallin

Ivan Emanuel Wallin (22 January 1883 – 6 March 1969) was an American biologist who made the first experimental works on endosymbiotic theory.

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Ivermectin

Ivermectin is a medication that is effective against many types of parasites.

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Ivo Caprino

Ivo Caprino (17 February 1920 – 8 February 2001) was a Norwegian film director and writer, best known for his puppet films.

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Ixodes ricinus

Ixodes ricinus, the castor bean tick, is a chiefly European species of hard-bodied tick.

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Ixodiphagus hookeri

Ixodiphagus hookeri, the tick wasp, is a chalcid wasp which lays its eggs into ticks.

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Αr35 RNA

αr35 is a family of bacterial small non-coding RNAs with representatives in a reduced group of α-proteobacteria from the order Rhizobiales.

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Β-lactam antibiotic

β-lactam antibiotics (beta-lactam antibiotics) are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics, consisting of all antibiotic agents that contain a beta-lactam ring in their molecular structures.

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Jacques Spitz

Jacques Spitz (1 October 1896 – 16 January 1963) was a French novelist.

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Jakoba

Jakoba is a genus in the taxon Excavata and currently has only a single described species, Jakoba libera.

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James J. Bull

James J. Bull is Johann Friedrich Miescher Regents Professor in Molecular Biology at the University of Texas at Austin.

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James Watson

James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist and zoologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin.

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Janet E. Mertz

Janet E. Mertz (born 1949) is an American biochemist, molecular biologist, and cancer researcher.

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Jannaschia

In taxonomy, Jannaschia is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Janthinobacterium

Janthinobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria.

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Janthinobacterium agaricidamnosum

Janthinobacterium agaricidamnosum is an bacterium of the family Oxalobacteraceae and the genus Janthinobacterium that causes a soft rot disease of Agaricus bisporus.

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Janthinobacterium lividum

Janthinobacterium lividum is an aerobic, Gram-negative, soil-dwelling bacterium that has a distinctive dark-violet (almost black) color.

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January 18

No description.

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Japan Collection of Microorganisms

Japan Collection of Microorganisms (JCM) is a culture collection of microorganisms in Japan.

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Japan Trench

The Japan Trench is an oceanic trench part of the Pacific Ring of Fire off northeast Japan.

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Jean Stéphenne

Jean, Baron Stéphenne is a Belgian businessman.

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Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds

Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds is the debut studio album by Jeff Wayne, retelling the story of The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells, released in the UK 9 June 1978.

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Jelly-falls

Jelly-falls are marine carbon cycling events whereby gelatinous zooplankton sink to the seafloor and enhance carbon and nitrogen fluxes via rapidly sinking particulate organic matter.

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Jena Microbial Resource Collection

The Jena Microbial Resource Collection (JMRC) is a joint collection of the Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans-Knöll-Institute and the University of Jena.

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Jennifer Moyle

Jennifer Moyle (April 30, 1921 - August 1, 2016) was a biochemist who worked alongside Peter D. Mitchell and helped discover the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP synthesis.

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Jeotgalibacillus

Jeotgalibacillus is a Gram-positive bacteria genus from the family of Planococcaceae.

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Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius

Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius is a bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Jeotgalibacillus marinus

Jeotgalibacillus marinus is a bacterium used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture.

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Jeotgalicoccus

Jeotgalicoccus is a genus of Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, and halotolerant to halophilic bacteria.

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Jeotgalicoccus aerolatus

Jeotgalicoccus aerolatus is a species of bacteria in the family Staphylococcaceae.

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Jeotgalicoccus coquinae

Jeotgalicoccus coquinae is a species of bacteria in the family Staphylococcaceae.

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Jeotgalicoccus halophilus

Jeotgalicoccus halophilus is a species of bacteria.

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Jeotgalicoccus halotolerans

Jeotgalicoccus halotolerans is a gram-positive bacterium.

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Jeotgalicoccus huakuii

Jeotgalicoccus huakuii is a gram-positive bacterium.

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Jeotgalicoccus marinus

Jeotgalicoccus marinus is a species of Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria.

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Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis

Jeotgalicoccus nanhaiensis is a gram-positive bacterium.

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Jeotgalicoccus pinnipedialis

Jeotgalicoccus pinnipedialis is a gram-positive bacterium.

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Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus

Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus is a gram-positive bacterium.

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Jerky

Jerky is lean meat that has been trimmed of fat, cut into strips, and then dried to prevent spoilage.

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Jerusalem artichoke

The Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), also called sunroot, sunchoke, earth apple, or topinambour, is a species of sunflower native to eastern North America, and found from eastern Canada and Maine west to North Dakota, and south to northern Florida and Texas.

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Jewish reactions to intelligent design

The reaction of Jewish leaders and organizations to intelligent design has been primarily concerned with responding to proposals to include intelligent design in public school curricula as a rival scientific hypothesis to modern evolutionary theory.

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Jiangellaceae

The Jiangellaceae are the only family of the order Jiangellales, which is a part of the Actinobacteria.

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Jim Dobbin

James Dobbin, (26 May 1941 – 6 September 2014) was a British Labour Co-operative politician and microbiologist, who was Member of Parliament (MP) for Heywood and Middleton from 1997 until his death in 2014.

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Joel Mandelstam

Joel Mandelstam FRS (13 November 1919 – 20 December 2008) was a British microbiologist, a Professor, at the University of Oxford, and a Fellow of Linacre College, Oxford.

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Johann Jakob Heckel

Johann Jakob Heckel (23 January 1790 – 1 March 1857) was an Austrian taxidermist, zoologist, and ichthyologist from Mannheim in the Electoral Palatinate.

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Johannes Holtfreter

Johannes Holtfreter (January 9, 1901 – November 13, 1992) was a German-American developmental biologist whose primary focus was the “organizer,” a part of the embryo essential for the development of the proper body plan.

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Johannesbaptistia

Johannesbaptistia is a genus of brackish–freshwater cyanobacteria which has a very characteristic morphology.

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John C. Sheehan

John Clark Sheehan (23 September 1915 – 21 March 1992) was an American organic chemist whose work on synthetic penicillin led to tailor-made forms of the drug.

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John Cairns (biochemist)

(Hugh) John Forster Cairns FRS (born 21 November 1922) is a British physician and molecular biologist who made significant contributions to molecular genetics, cancer research, and public health.

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John Charles Cutler

John Charles Cutler (June 29, 1915 – February 8, 2003) was a senior surgeon, and the acting chief of the venereal disease program in the United States Public Health Service.

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John Charnley

Sir John Charnley, (29 August 1911 – 5 August 1982) was a British orthopaedic surgeon.

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John D. Hamaker

John D. Hamaker (1914–1994), was an American mechanical engineer, ecologist, agronomist and science writer in the fields of soil regeneration, rock dusting, mineral cycles, climate cycles and glaciology.

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John Howard Northrop

John Howard Northrop (July 5, 1891 – May 27, 1987) was an American biochemist who, with James Batcheller Sumner and Wendell Meredith Stanley, won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

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John LeKay

John LeKay (born 1 June 1961) is an English conceptual and installation artist and sculptor, who lives in New York City.

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John Lykoudis

John Lykoudis (Ιωάννης Λυκούδης; 1910 in Missolonghi – 1980) was a doctor in Greece who treated patients suffering from peptic ulcer disease with antibiotics long before it was commonly recognized that bacteria were a dominant cause for the disease.

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John Postgate (microbiologist)

John Raymond Postgate (24 June 1922 – 22 October 2014), FRS was an English microbiologist and writer, latterly Professor Emeritus of Microbiology at the University of Sussex.

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John Roth (geneticist)

John R. Roth is an American geneticist, bacterial physiologist, and evolutionist.

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John Todd (Canadian biologist)

John Todd (born 1939) is a biologist working in the general field of ecological design.

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John Woodland Hastings

John Woodland "Woody" Hastings, (March 24, 1927 – August 6, 2014) was a leader in the field of photobiology, especially bioluminescence, and was one of the founders of the field of circadian biology (the study of circadian rhythms, or the sleep-wake cycle).

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Jonesiaceae

The Jonesiaceae are a monotypic Actinobacteria family.

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Joseph Charles Arthur

Joseph Charles Arthur (January 11, 1850 – April 30, 1942) was a pioneer American plant pathologist and mycologist best known for his work with the parasitic rust fungi (Pucciniales).

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Joshua Lederberg

Joshua Lederberg, ForMemRS (May 23, 1925 – February 2, 2008) was an American molecular biologist known for his work in microbial genetics, artificial intelligence, and the United States space program.

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Jostein Goksøyr

Jostein Goksøyr (28 June 1922 – 5 December 2000) was a Norwegian microbiologist.

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Journal of Ecology

The Journal of Ecology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of the ecology of plants.

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Journal of Medical Microbiology

The Journal of Medical Microbiology is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers microbiological research relevant to human and animal disease.

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Joy (dishwashing liquid)

Joy dishwashing liquid is a major brand of dish-cleaning detergent product made by U.S.-based personal and cleaning products manufacturer and marketer Procter & Gamble.

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Julio Collado-Vides

Julio Collado-Vides is a Guatemalan scientist and Professor of Computational Genomics at the National Autonomous University of Mexico.

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Julius Arnold

Julius Arnold (August 19, 1835 – February 3, 1915) was a German pathologist born in Zurich.

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Julius T. Csotonyi

Julius Thomas Csotonyi (born October 11, 1973) is a Canadian paleoartist and natural history illustrator living in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

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JUMPstart RNA motif

The JUMPstart RNA motif describes a conserved RNA-based secondary structure associated with JUMPstart elements.

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Jundiz recycling plant

The Jundiz recycling plant is located in the Basque Country (autonomous community), particularly in Vitoria-Gasteiz Jundiz Álava.

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Juxtacrine signalling

In biology, juxtacrine signalling (or contact-dependent signalling) is a type of cell / cell or cell / extracellular matrix signalling in multicellular organisms that requires close contact.

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K252a

K252a is an alkaloid isolated from Nocardiopisis bacteria.

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Kaistia

Kaistia is a genus of bacteria from the family of Methylocystaceae.

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Kaistia adipata

Kaistia adipata is a bacterium from the genus of Kaistia which has been isolated from soil near the Chung-Ju industrial complex in Korea.

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Kaistia dalseonensis

Kaistia dalseonensis is a bacterium from the genus of Kaistia which has been isolated from river sediments from the Dalseo Stream in Korea.

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Kaistia defluvii

Kaistia defluvii is a Gram-negative, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Kaistia which has been isolated from river sediments from the River Geumho in Korea.

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Kaistia geumhonensis

Kaistia geumhonensis is a bacterium from the genus of Kaistia which has been isolated from river sediments from the Geumho River in Korea.

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Kaistia granuli

Kaistia granuli is a Gram-negative, chemoorganotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Kaistia which has been isolated from sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in Gongju in Korea.

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Kaistia hirudinis

Kaistia hirudinis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Kaistia which has been isolated from a leech (Hirudo verbana) from the Leech Breeding Station in Biebertal in Germany.

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Kaistia soli

Kaistia soli is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Kaistia which has been isolated from a peat layer 1200 meter above sea level in Yongneup in Korea.

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Kaistia terrae

Kaistia terrae is a bacterium from the genus of Kaistia which has been isolated from wetland soil from Yongneup in Korea.

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Kanab ambersnail

The Kanab ambersnail, scientific name Oxyloma haydeni kanabense or Oxyloma kanabense, is a critically endangered subspecies or species of small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Succineidae, the amber snails.

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Kanamycin A

Kanamycin A, often referred to simply as kanamycin, is an antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections and tuberculosis.

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Kandleria

Kandleria is a genus from the family of Erysipelotrichidae, with one known species (Kandleria vitulina).

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Kandleria vitulina

Kandleria vitulina is a bacterium from the genus Kandleria isolated from calf rumen.

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Kappa organism

In biology, Kappa organism or Kappa particle refers to inheritable cytoplasmic symbionts, occurring in some strains of the ciliate Paramecium.

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Karima Shapandar

Omega Sentinel (Karima Shapandar) is a fictional character associated with the X-Men and its spinoff Excalibur.

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Karius and Bactus

Karius and Bactus (Karius og Baktus is a Norwegian children's novel written and illustrated by Thorbjørn Egner. The book was first published in 1949 and produced as a 15-minute puppet animation film by Ivo Caprino in 1954. An English translation by Mike Sevig and Turi Olderheim was published in the United States in 1986. The main characters are Karius (black haired) and Bactus (red haired). Their names are puns on Caries and Bacteria, and they are two small "tooth trolls" that live inside cavities in the teeth of a boy named Jens. They have a very good life, especially when Jens eats white bread with syrup and fails to brush his teeth afterwards. Eventually their homes are destroyed by the work of a dentist and they are rinsed out of Jens' mouth through proper dental care. The story of Karius and Bactus, with its humorous illustrations and important message, has become a classic of Norwegian children's literature. Since its publication, the idea of "tooth trolls" has been used as a pedagogical device for generations of Scandinavian children.

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Karl Heinrich Ritthausen

Karl Heinrich Ritthausen (13 January 1826 – 16 October 1912) was a German biochemist who identified two amino acids and made other contributions to the science of plant proteins.

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Karl Stetter

Karl Otto Stetter (born July 16, 1941) is a German microbiologist and authority on astrobiology.

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Karl Weigert

Karl Weigert, Carl Weigert (19 March 1845 in Münsterberg in Silesia – 5 August 1904 in Frankfurt am Main) was a German Jewish pathologist.

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Kay's Tutor v Ayrshire & Arran Health Board

Kay's Tutor v. Ayrshire & Arran Health Board 2 All ER 417; 1987 S.C. 145; 1987 S.L.T. 577; is an Scots Delict Law case concerning causation in a medical negligence context.

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Kazacharthra

Kazacharthra is an extinct order of branchiopod crustaceans that appear to be closely related to the living order Notostraca (the tadpole shrimp).

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KduI/IolB isomerase family

In molecular biology, the KduI/IolB isomerase family is a family of isomerase enzymes.

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Kefir

Kefir or kephir, alternatively milk kefir or búlgaros, is a fermented milk drink that originated in the Caucasus Mountains made with kefir "grains", a yeast/bacterial fermentation starter.

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KEGG

KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) is a collection of databases dealing with genomes, biological pathways, diseases, drugs, and chemical substances.

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Kelch motif

The Kelch motif is a region of protein sequence found widely in proteins from bacteria and eukaryotes.

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Kennel cough

Kennel cough (also known as canine infectious tracheobronchitis) is an upper respiratory infection affecting dogs.

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Kerangas forest

Sundaland heath forest, also known as Kerangas forest, is a type of tropical moist forest found on the island of Borneo, which is divided between Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia, as well as on the Indonesian islands of Belitung and Bangka, which lie to the west of Borneo.

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Keratinocyte

A keratinocyte is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, constituting 90% of the cells found there.

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Keratitis

Keratitis is a condition in which the eye's cornea, the clear dome on the front surface of the eye, becomes inflamed.

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Kerry slug

The Kerry slug or Kerry spotted slug (Geomalacus maculosus) is a rare species of medium-sized to large air-breathing land slug.

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Kerstersia

Kerstersia is a genus of Gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative bacteria from the family of Alcaligenaceae.

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Kerstersia gyiorum

Kerstersia gyiorum is a Gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, bacterium of the genus Kerstersia, isolated from various human clinical samples.

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Kerstersia similis

Kerstersia similis is a gram-negative bacterium of the genus of Kerstersia which was isolated from human clinical samples.

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Ketogulonicigenium

In taxonomy, Ketogulonicigenium is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Kidney stone disease

Kidney stone disease, also known as urolithiasis, is when a solid piece of material (kidney stone) occurs in the urinary tract.

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KilA-N domain

In molecular biology, the KilA-N domain is a conserved protein domain.

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Kineococcus

Kineococcus is an Actinomycete genus within the polyphyletic family Kineosporiaceae.

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Kineococcus radiotolerans

Kineococcus radiotolerans is a radiation-resistant, motile, coccus-shaped, gram-positive bacterium with type strain SRS30216T (.

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Kineosporiaceae

The Kineosporiaceae comprise a polyphyletic Actinomycete family, sole member of the order Kineosporiales.

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Kinetoplastida

Kinetoplastida (or Kinetoplastea, as a class) is a group of flagellated protists belonging to the phylum Euglenozoa, and characterised by the presence of an organelle with a large massed DNA called kinetoplast (hence the name).

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King vulture

The king vulture (Sarcoramphus papa) is a large bird found in Central and South America.

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Kingdom (biology)

In biology, kingdom (Latin: regnum, plural regna) is the second highest taxonomic rank, just below domain.

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Kingella kingae

Kingella kingae is a species of Gram-negative aerobic coccobacilli.

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Kirschner wire

Kirschner wires or K-wires or pins are sterilized, sharpened, smooth stainless steel pins.

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Kissing gourami

Kissing gouramis, also known as kissing fish or kissers (Helostoma temminckii), are large tropical freshwater fish comprising the monotypic labyrinth fish family Helostomatidae (from the Greek elos, stoma). These fish originate from Thailand to Indonesia.

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Kitasato Shibasaburō

Baron was a Japanese physician and bacteriologist during the reign of the Empire of Japan, prior to World War 2.

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Kitasatospora

Kitasatospora is an Actinobacteria genus in the family Streptomycetaceae.

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Kiwa hirsuta

Kiwa hirsuta is a crustacean discovered in 2005 in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Klebsiella

Klebsiella is a genus of nonmotile, Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria with a prominent polysaccharide-based capsule.

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Klebsiella granulomatis

Klebsiella granulomatis is Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Klebsiella known to cause the sexually transmitted disease granuloma inguinale (or donovanosis).

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Klebsiella oxytoca

Klebsiella oxytoca is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is closely related to K. pneumoniae, from which it is distinguished by being indole-positive; it also has slightly different growth characteristics in that it is able to grow on melezitose, but not 3-hydroxybutyrate.

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Klebsiella pneumoniae

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Klebsiella terrigena

Klebsiella terrigena is a Gram-negative bacterial species of the genus Klebsiella.

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Klebsiella variicola

Klebsiella variicola is a species of bacteria which was originally identified as a benign endosymbiont in plants, but has since been associated with disease in humans and cattle as well.

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Kluczewo Airfield

Kluczewo Airfield is a former Soviet airbase located in Kluczewo, a suburb of Stargard Szczeciński in Poland.

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Kluyvera

Kluyvera is a Gram negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial and motile genus from the family of Enterobacteriaceae with have a peritrichous flagella.

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Kluyvera ascorbata

Kluyvera ascorbata is a bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Kluyvera cryocrescens

Kluyvera cryocrescens is a bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Koala

The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus, or, inaccurately, koala bear) is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial native to Australia.

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Koch Glacier

Koch Glacier is a glacier long immediately east of Jenner Glacier on the south side of Brabant Island, in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica.

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Kocuria

Kocuria is a genus of Gram positive bacteria in the phylum Actinobacteria, including the sequenced species Kocuria rhizophila.

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Kocuria kristinae

Kocuria kristinae, formerly known as Micrococcus kristinae is a gram positive bacteria first isolated from the rhizoplane of the Typha angustifolia The normal habitat for this Kocuria species is skin, and has also been found in the urinary tract of patients with urinary tract infections.

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Kocuria rhizophila

Kocuria rhizophila is a soil dwelling Gram positive bacterium in the genus Kocuria.

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Konstantin Mereschkowski

Konstantin Sergeevich Mereschkowski (p; – 9 January 1921) was a prominent Russian biologist and botanist, active mainly around Kazan, whose research on lichens led him to propose the theory of symbiogenesis – that larger, more complex cells (of eukaryotes) evolved from the symbiotic relationship between less complex ones.

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Kordiimonas gwangyangensis

Kordiimonas gwangyangensis (strain GW14-5T) is a marine bacterium that can degrade a number of polycyclic hydrocarbons.

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Korean natural farming

Korean Natural Farming (KNF) takes advantage of indigenous microorganisms (IMO) (bacteria, fungi, nematodes and protozoa) to produce fertile soils that yield high output without the use of herbicides or pesticides.

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Kozakia

Kozakia is a genus of bacteria from the family of Acetobacteraceae.

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Kozakia baliensis

Kozakia baliensis is a species of acetic acid bacteria, with type strain Yo-3T (.

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Kraft paper

Kraft paper or kraft is paper or paperboard (cardboard) produced from chemical pulp produced in the kraft process.

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Krasilnikovia

Krasilnikovia is a genus of bacteria in the family Micromonosporaceae.

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Krasilnikovia cinnamomea

Krasilnikovia cinnamomea is a bacterium species in the genus Krasilnikovia.

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Kribbella

Kribbella is a genus of bacteria first discovered in 1999.

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Kribbella catacumbae

Kribbella catacumbae is a species of bacteria in the genus Kribbella.

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Kribbella sancticallisti

Kribbella sancticallisti is a species of bacteria in the genus Kribbella.

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Kroppenstedtia

Kroppenstedtia is a bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.

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Kroppenstedtia eburnea

Kroppenstedtia eburnea is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, filamentous and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Kroppenstedtia which has been isolated from patient samples.

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Kroppenstedtia guangzhouensis

Kroppenstedtia guangzhouensis is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, filamentous and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Kroppenstedtia which has been isolated from soil from China.

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Kudzu

Kudzu (also called Japanese arrowroot) is a group of plants in the genus Pueraria, in the pea family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae.

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Kumanovo Prison

Kumanovo Prison (Казнено-поправна установа Куманово) is a Macedonian prison in the village of K'shenje near Kumanovo, Macedonia.

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Kumis

Kumis (also spelled kumiss or koumiss or kumys, see other transliterations and cognate words below under terminology and etymology - Қымыз, qımız) is a fermented dairy product traditionally made from mare's milk.

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Kurikin Nano Island Story

is a role-playing video game developed by MediaKite and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS.

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Kutzneria

Kutzneria is a genus of bacteria in Phylum Actinobacteria.

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Kytococcus

Kytococcus is a genus of Actinomycete bacteria, including the sequenced species Kytococcus sedentarius.

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Kytococcus sedentarius

Kytococcus sedentarius is a marine dwelling Gram positive bacterium in the genus Kytococcus.

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L ring

The L-ring of the bacterial flagellum is the ring in the lipid outer cell membrane through which the axial filament (rod, hook, and flagellum) passes.

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L-amino-acid oxidase

In enzymology, an L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The enzyme was first described in 1944 by A. Zeller and A. Maritz.

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L-form bacteria

L-form bacteria, also known as Sam Cannon, L-phase variants, and cell wall-deficient (CWD) bacteria, are strains of bacteria that lack cell walls.

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L-system

An L-system or Lindenmayer system is a parallel rewriting system and a type of formal grammar.

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L17DE RNA motif

The L17 downstream element RNA motif (also called L17DE) is a conserved RNA structure identified in bacteria by bioinformatics.

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La Brea Tar Pits

The La Brea Tar Pits are a group of tar pits around which Hancock Park was formed in urban Los Angeles.

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La domain

In molecular biology, the La domain is a conserved protein domain.

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Labidosaurus

Labidosaurus is an extinct genus of anapsid reptile from the Permian period of North America.

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Laboratory safety

Many laboratories contain significant risks, and the prevention of laboratory accidents requires great care and constant vigilance.

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Labrys (bacterium)

Labrys is a genus of bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae.

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Labrys ginsengisoli

Labrys ginsengisoli is a bacterium from the family of Xanthobacteraceae.

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Labrys methylaminiphilus

Labrys methylaminiphilus is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from sediments of a lake in Seattle, Washington, United States.

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Labrys miyagiensis

Labrys miyagiensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic motile and non-spore-forming bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from grassland soil in Sendai in the Miyagi Prefecture in Japan.

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Labrys monachus

Labrys miyagiensis is a bacterium which was isolated from silt from Lake Mustijary in Estonia.

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Labrys neptuniae

Labrys neptuniae is a bacterium from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from the root nodules from the plant Neptunia oleracea in Taiwan.

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Labrys okinawensis

Labrys okinawensis is a bacterium from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from root nodule from the plant Entada phaseoloides in Okinawa in Japan.

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Labrys portucalensis

Labrys portucalensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming and aerobic bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from polluted soil in Estarreja in Portugal.

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Labrys soli

Labrys soli is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from the rhizosphere of a ginseng plant.

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Labrys wisconsinensis

Labrys wisconsinensis is a facultatively anaerobic bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from a water sample from the lake Michigan in Wisconsin in the United States.

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Labyrinthitis

Labyrinthitis, also known as vestibular neuritis, is the inflammation of inner ear.

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Laceyella

Laceyella is a Gram-positive, thermophilic, spore-forming and aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.

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Laceyella putida

Laceyella putida is a bacterium from the genus of Laceyella.

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Laceyella sacchari

Laceyella sacchari is a bacterium from the genus of Laceyella which has been isolated from a bagasse in Thailand.

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Laceyella sediminis

Laceyella sediminis is a thermophilic bacterium from the genus of Laceyella which has been isolated frim sediments from a hot spring in Tengchong in China.

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Laceyella tengchongensis

Laceyella tengchongensis is a thermophilic bacterium from the genus of Laceyella which has been isolated from soil from the Big Empty Volcano in Tengchong in China.

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Lachnoanaerobaculum

Lachnoanaerobaculum is a bacterial genus from the family of Lachnospiraceae which occurs in the human mouth.

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Lachnoanaerobaculum orale

Lachnoanaerobaculum orale is a Gram-positive, saccharolytic, non-proteolytic, anaerobic and spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Lachnoanaerobaculum which has been isolated from the saliva from a man in Stockholm in Sweden.

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Lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum

Lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum is a bacterium from the genus of Lachnoanaerobaculum which has been isolated from human dental plaque.

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Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense

Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense is a Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic, saccharolytic, non-proteolytic and spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Lachnoanaerobaculum which has been isolated from the human intestine of a patient in Umeå in Sweden.

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Lachnospiraceae

The Lachnospiraceae are a family of bacteria in the order of Clostridiales which occur in the human and mammal gut microbiota.

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Lactacystin

Lactacystin is an organic compound naturally synthesized by bacteria of the genus Streptomyces first described in 1991.

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Lactate dehydrogenase

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes).

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Lactate racemase

The lactate racemase enzyme is involved in pyruvate metabolism.

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Lactis-leu-phe leader RNA motif

The leu/phe-leader RNA motif (also the lactis-leu/phe-leader motif) is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics.

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Lactivicin

Lactivicin is a non beta-lactam antibiotic that is active against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

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Lacto-2 RNA motif

The lacto-2 RNA motif is an RNA structure that is conserved amongst bacteria within the order Lactobacillales.

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Lacto-usp RNA motif

The Lacto-usp RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure identified in bacteria by bioinformatics.

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Lactobacillaceae

The Lactobacillaceae are a family of lactic acid bacteria.

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Lactobacillales

Lactobacillales or lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are an order of Gram-positive, low-GC, acid-tolerant, generally nonsporulating, nonrespiring, either rod- or coccus-shaped bacteria that share common metabolic and physiological characteristics. These bacteria, usually found in decomposing plants and milk products, produce lactic acid as the major metabolic end product of carbohydrate fermentation. This trait has, throughout history, linked LAB with food fermentations, as acidification inhibits the growth of spoilage agents. Proteinaceous bacteriocins are produced by several LAB strains and provide an additional hurdle for spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, lactic acid and other metabolic products contribute to the organoleptic and textural profile of a food item. The industrial importance of the LAB is further evidenced by their generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status, due to their ubiquitous appearance in food and their contribution to the healthy microflora of human mucosal surfaces. The genera that comprise the LAB are at its core Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus, as well as the more peripheral Aerococcus, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Oenococcus, Sporolactobacillus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, and Weissella; these belong to the order Lactobacillales.

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Lactobacillus

Lactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria.

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Lactobacillus acetotolerans

Lactobacillus acetotolerans (New Latin 'vinegar-tolerating milk-bacillus') is a species of gram positive bacteria in the genus Lactobacillus.

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Lactobacillus acidipiscis

Lactobacillus acidipiscis is a species in the genus Lactobacillus.

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Lactobacillus acidophilus

Lactobacillus acidophilus (New Latin 'acid-loving milk-bacillus') is a species of gram positive bacteria in the genus Lactobacillus.

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Lactobacillus brevis

Lactobacillus brevis is a gram-positive, rod shaped species of lactic acid bacteria which is heterofermentive, creating CO2 and lactic acid during fermentation.

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Lactobacillus buchneri

Lactobacillus buchneri is a gram-positive, non-spore forming, anaerobic, rod prokaryote.

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Lactobacillus bulgaricus GLB44

''Lactobacillus delbrueckii'' subsp. ''bulgaricus'' is a bacterial subspecies traditionally isolated from European yogurts.

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Lactobacillus collinoides

Lactobacillus collinoides is a rod shaped species of lactic acid bacteria found in fermenting apple juice or cider.

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Lactobacillus crispatus

Lactobacillus crispatus is a common, rod-shaped species of genus Lactobacillus and is a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) producing beneficial micro biota species located in both the vagina, through vaginal discharge, and the vertebrate gastrointestinal.

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Lactobacillus delbrueckii

Lactobacillus delbrueckii is a species of bacteria in the family Lactobacillaceae.

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Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.

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Lactobacillus fabifermentans

Lactobacillus fabifermentans is a member of the genus Lactobacillus, the most diverse genus among lactic acid bacteria (LAB), a group of Gram-positive bacteria that produce lactic acid as their major fermented end product and that are often involved in food fermentation.

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Lactobacillus fermentum

Lactobacillus fermentum is a Gram-positive species of bacterium in the genus Lactobacillus.

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Lactobacillus fructivorans

Lactobacillus fructivorans is a gram-positive bacteria and a member of the genus Lactobacillus in the family Lactobacillaceae.

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Lactobacillus gallinarum

Lactobacillus gallinarum is a species in the genus Lactobacillus.

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Lactobacillus gasseri

Lactobacillus gasseri is a species in the genus Lactobacillus.

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Lactobacillus helveticus

Lactobacillus helveticus is a lactic-acid producing, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Lactobacillus.

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Lactobacillus hilgardii

Lactobacillus hilgardii is a species of bacterium found in wine, dairy products, and wine musts.

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Lactobacillus iners

Lactobacillus iners is a species in the genus Lactobacillus.

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Lactobacillus jensenii

Lactobacillus jensenii is a normal inhabitant of the lower reproductive tract in healthy women.

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Lactobacillus johnsonii

Lactobacillus johnsonii is a species in the genus Lactobacillus.

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Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens

Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens is a species of slime-forming, homofermentative, rod-shaped lactic acid bacteria first isolated from kefir grains, hence its name.

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Lactobacillus kimchii

Lactobacillus kimchii is a bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacterium of the genus Lactobacillus.

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Lactobacillus manihotivorans

Lactobacillus manihotivorans is a starch-hydrolysing lactic acid bacterium first isolated during Cassava sour starch fermentation (common practise in parts of Africa and Asia).

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Lactobacillus mucosae

Lactobacillus mucosae is a rod shaped species of lactic acid bacteria first isolated from pig intestines.

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Lactobacillus paracasei

Lactobacillus paracasei (commonly abbreviated as L. paracasei) is a gram-positive, facultatively heterofermentative species of lactic acid bacteria that are commonly used in dairy product fermentation and probiotics.

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Lactobacillus parakefiri

Lactobacillus parakefiri is a species in the genus Lactobacillus first isolated from kefir grains, hence its name.

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Lactobacillus paraplantarum

Lactobacillus paraplantarum is a rod shaped species of lactic acid bacteria first isolated from beer and human faeces.

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Lactobacillus plantarum

Lactobacillus plantarum is a widespread member of the genus Lactobacillus, commonly found in many fermented food products as well as anaerobic plant matter.

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Lactobacillus plantarum strain K21

Lactobacillus plantarum strain K21 is a gram-positive bacteria isolated from locally fermented vegetables.

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Lactobacillus pontis

Lactobacillus pontis is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive facultatively anaerobic bacterium.

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Lactobacillus reuteri

Lactobacillus reuteri is a Gram-positive bacterium that naturally inhabits the gut of mammals and birds.

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Lactobacillus rhamnosus

Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a bacterium that originally was considered to be a subspecies of L. casei, but later genetic research found it to be a species of its own.

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Lactobacillus sakei

Lactobacillus sakei is a bacterium species in the genus Lactobacillus.

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Lactobacillus salivarius

Lactobacillus salivarius is a probiotic bacteria species that has been found to live in the gastrointestinal tract and exert a range of therapeutic properties including suppression of pathogenic bacteria.

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Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis

Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis (formerly L. sanfrancisco) is a species of lactic acid bacteria which, through the production mainly of lactic and acetic acids, helps give sourdough bread its characteristic taste.

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Lactococcus

Lactococcus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria that were formerly included in the genus Streptococcus Group N1.

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Lactococcus garvieae

Lactococcus garvieae is a known fish pathogen affecting saltwater fish in the Far East, specifically in rainbow trout, Japanese yellowtail, and grey mullet (Mugil cephalus).

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Lactococcus lactis

Lactococcus lactis is a Gram-positive bacterium used extensively in the production of buttermilk and cheese, but has also become famous as the first genetically modified organism to be used alive for the treatment of human disease.

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Lactococcus piscium

Lactococcus piscium is a known fish pathogen affecting salmonid fish, which has nevertheless been found in other sources, such as packaged beef.

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Lactovum

Lactovum is a genus of bacteria within the family Streptococcaceae.

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Lactylate

Lactylates are organic compounds that are FDA approved for use as food additives and cosmetic ingredients (i.e. lactylates are food grade emulsifiers).

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Ladderane

In chemistry, a ladderane is an organic molecule containing two or more fused cyclobutane rings.

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Lake Assal (Djibouti)

Lake Assal (بحيرة عسل, literally 'honey lake') is a crater lake in central-western Djibouti.

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Lake Burton (Antarctica)

Lake Burton, also known as Burton Lagoon, is a meromictic and saline lake in the Vestfold Hills of Princess Elizabeth Land in Eastern Antarctica.

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Lake Hévíz

Lake Hévíz is located in Hévíz, Hungary, near the western end of Lake Balaton, from Keszthely.

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Lake Maracaibo

Lake Maracaibo (Lago de Maracaibo) is a large brackish tidal bay (or tidal estuary) in Venezuela and an "inlet of the Caribbean Sea." It is sometimes considered a lake rather than a bay or lagoon.

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Lake of the Woods (Oregon)

Lake of the Woods is a natural lake near the crest of the Cascade Range in the Fremont–Winema National Forest in southern Oregon in the United States.

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Lake Tanganyika

Lake Tanganyika is an African Great Lake.

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Lake Tuggeranong

Lake Tuggeranong, an artificial lake sourced the confluence of Tuggeranong Creek and stormwater discharge from urban and rural areas, is located in the Tuggeranong district of Canberra, within the Australian Capital Territory, Australia.

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Lake Urmia

Lake Urmia (Daryāĉe Orumiye, Daryāche-ye Orumiye;, Urmiya gölü) is an endorheic salt lake in Iran.

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Lake Vostok

Lake Vostok (Озеро Восток, Ozero Vostok, lit. "Lake East") is the largest of Antarctica's almost 400 known subglacial lakes.

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Lambda-carrageenase

Lambda-carrageenase (endo-beta-1,4-carrageenose 2,6,2'-trisulfate-hydrolase) is an enzyme which breaks down a polysaccharide found in red seaweeds, lambda-carrageenan.

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Lamellibrachia

Lamellibrachia is a genus of tube worms related to the giant tube worm, Riftia pachyptila.

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Lamellibrachia luymesi

Lamellibrachia luymesi is a species of tube worms in the family Siboglinidae.

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Laminaria hyperborea

Laminaria hyperborea is a species of large brown alga, a kelp in the family Laminariaceae, also known by the common names of tangle and cuvie.

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Laminitis

Laminitis is a disease that affects the feet of ungulates, and is found mostly in horses and cattle.

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Lamprologus ocellatus

Lamprologus ocellatus is a species of shell dwelling cichlid endemic to Lake Tanganyika.

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Landcare Research

Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research is one of New Zealand's Crown Research Institutes.

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Lansing, Michigan

Lansing is the capital of the U.S. state of Michigan.

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Large intestine

The large intestine, also known as the large bowel or colon, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in vertebrates.

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Large-conductance mechanosensitive channel

The Large Conductance Mechanosensitive Ion Channel (MscL) Family consists of pore-forming membrane proteins that are responsible for translating physical forces applied to cell membranes into electrophysiological activities.

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Largest organisms

The largest organisms found on Earth can be determined according to various aspects of an organism's size, such as: mass, volume, area, length, height, or even genome size.

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Largest-scale trends in evolution

The history of life on Earth seems to show a clear trend; for example, it seems intuitive that there is a trend towards increasing complexity in living organisms.

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Laribacter

Laribacter is a bacterial genus from the family of Neisseriaceae.

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Laribacter hongkongensis

Laribacter hongkongensis is a species of bacteria.

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Larvicide

A larvicide (alternatively larvacide) is an insecticide that is specifically targeted against the larval life stage of an insect.

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Last universal common ancestor

The last universal common ancestor (LUCA), also called the last universal ancestor (LUA), cenancestor, or (incorrectlyThere is a common misconception that definitions of LUCA and progenote are the same; however, progenote is defined as an organism “still in the process of evolving the relationship between genotype and phenotype”, and it is only hypothesed that LUCA is a progenote.) progenote, is the most recent population of organisms from which all organisms now living on Earth have a common descent.

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Late embryogenesis abundant proteins

Late Embryogenesis Abundant proteins (LEA proteins) are proteins in animals and plants that protect other proteins from aggregation due to desiccation or osmotic stresses associated with low temperature.

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Latex fixation test

A latex fixation test, also called a latex agglutination assay or test (LA assay or test), is an assay used clinically in the identification and typing of many important microorganisms.

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Latia climoi

Latia climoi is a species of small freshwater snail or limpet, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Latiidae.

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Lautropia

Lautropia is a genus of bacteria of the family Burkholderiaceae in the class Betaproteobacteria.

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Lautropia mirabilis

Lautropia mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile bacterium of the genus Lautropia and family Burkholderiaceae, isolated from the mouth of children who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

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Lava filter

A lava filter is a biological filter that uses lavastone pebbles as support material on which microorganisms can grow in a thin biofilm.

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Lawsonia intracellularis

Lawsonia intracellularis is a species of bacterium.

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Lōʻihi Seamount

Lōihi Seamount (also known as Lōʻihi) is an active submarine volcano about off the southeast coast of the island of Hawaii.

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LCCL domain

In molecular biology, the LCCL domain is a protein domain which has been named after several well-characterised proteins that were found to contain it, namely Limulus clotting factor C, Coch-5b2 (Cochlin) and Lgl1.

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LcrV

In molecular biology, LcrV is a protein found in Yersinia pestis and several other bacterial species.

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Leachate

A leachate is any liquid that, in the course of passing through matter, extracts soluble or suspended solids, or any other component of the material through which it has passed.

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Leader peptidase A

Leader peptidase A (LepA) is an elongation factor that is thought to back-translocate on the ribosome during the translation of RNA to proteins in all prokaryotes and eukaryotes that have maintained functioning mitochondria.

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Leaf spot

Leaf spots are round blemishes found on the leaves of many species of plants, mostly caused by parasitic fungi or bacteria.

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Leafhopper

A leafhopper is the common name for any species from the family Cicadellidae.

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Lecithinase C

Phospholipase C (lipophosphodiesterase I, Clostridium welchii alpha-toxin, Clostridium oedematiens beta- and gamma-toxins, lipophosphodiesterase C, phosphatidase C, heat-labile hemolysin, alpha-toxin) is an enzyme with systematic name phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphohydrolase.

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Lectin

Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins, macromolecules that are highly specific for sugar moieties of other molecules.

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Leftvent

Leftvents are small, deep-sea lophiiform fish comprising the family Linophrynidae distributed throughout tropical to subtropical waters of all oceans.

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Leghemoglobin

Leghemoglobin (also leghaemoglobin or legoglobin) is an oxygen carrier and hemoprotein found in the nitrogen-fixing root nodules of leguminous plants.

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Legionella

The genus Legionella is a pathogenic group of Gram-negative bacteria that includes the species L. pneumophila, causing legionellosis (all illnesses caused by Legionella) including a pneumonia-type illness called Legionnaires' disease and a mild flu-like illness called Pontiac fever.

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Legionella adelaidensis

Legionella adelaidensis is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, aerobic bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from cooling tower water in Adelaide in South Australia.

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Legionella anisa

Legionella anisa is a Gram-negative bacterium, one of more than 40 species in the family Legionellaceae.

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Legionella beliardensis

Legionella beliardensis is a Gram-negative, catalase-positive, nonspore-forming, aerobic bacterium from the genus Legionella with a single polar flagellum, which was isolated from water from heating apparatus in Montbéliard in France.

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Legionella birminghamensis

Legionella birminghamensis is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, aerobic bacterium from the genus Legionella, which was isolated from a cardiac transplant recipient and from water near Clermont-Ferrand in France.

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Legionella bozemanae

Legionella bozemanae is a Gram-negative bacterium in the family Legionellaceae.

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Legionella brunensis

Legionella brunensis is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, aerobic bacterium from the genus Legionella, which was isolated from cooling tower water in Czechoslovakia.

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Legionella busanensis

Legionella busanensis is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium from the genus Legionella with a single subpolar flagellum, which was isolated from cooling tower water in Busan in Korea.

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Legionella cardiaca

Legionella cardiaca is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Legionella.

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Legionella cherrii

Legionella cherrii is an aerobic, flagellated, Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella.

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Legionella cincinnatiensis

Legionella cincinnatiensis is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, aerobic bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated in Cincinnati from an open lung biopsy specimen from a patient who had hemodialysis because of an end-stage renal disease and suffered from bronchopneumonia.

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Legionella clemsonensis

Legionella clemsonensis was isolated in 2006, but was discovered in 2016 by Clemson University researchers.

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Legionella donaldsonii

Legionella donaldsoniiis a Gram-negative, aeroic, nonspore-forming bacterium from the genus Legionella.

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Legionella drancourtii

Legionella drancourtii is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which occurs in nature as a strictly intracellular parasite of free-living amoebae.

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Legionella dresdenensis

Legionella dresdenensis is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, aerobic, nonspore-forming bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from the Elbe in Dresden in Germany.

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Legionella drozanskii

Legionella drozanskii is a Gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from tank well water in Leeds in England.

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Legionella dumoffii

Legionella dumoffii is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella with a monopolar flagellum which was isolated from lung tissue of a patient who suffered from fatal pneumonia.

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Legionella erythra

Legionella erythra is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from cooling-tower water in Seattle.

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Legionella fairfieldensis

Legionella fairfieldensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella with a single polar flagellum, which was isolated from cooling tower water in Fairfield, Victoria.

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Legionella fallonii

Legionella fallonii is a Gram-negative, catalase-positive, weakly oxidase-positive bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from a ship air-conditioning system.

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Legionella feeleii

Legionella feeleii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from an automobile plant and which was held responsible for causing Pontiac fever in 317 workers.

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Legionella geestiana

Legionella geestiana is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella.

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Legionella gormanii

Legionella gormanii is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from soil samples from a creek bank in Atlanta and from the bronchial brush specimen of a patient who suffered from pneumonia.

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Legionella gratiana

Legionella gratiana is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from water in the Savoy region in France from a thermal spa.

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Legionella gresilensis

Legionella gresilensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, catalase-positive, nonspore-forming bacterium with a polar flagellum from the genus Legionella which was isolated from a shower from thermal spa water in the city Gréoux-les-Bains.

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Legionella hackeliae

Legionella hackeliae is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from human lung aspirate in Pennsylvania.

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Legionella impletisoli

Legionella impletisoli is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from soils which were contaminated with industrial wastes in Japan.

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Legionella israelensis

Legionella israelensis is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, motile bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from water from an oxidation pond in Ga'ash in Israel.

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Legionella jamestowniensis

Legionella jamestowniensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from wet soil in Jamestown, New York.

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Legionella jordanis

Legionella jordanis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from the Jordan River in Bloomington, Indiana and from the sewage in DeKalb County, Georgia.

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Legionella lansingensis

Legionella lansingensis is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium from the genus Legionella with a single polar flagellum which was isolated from a patient with pneumonia through bronchoscopy.

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Legionella londiniensis

Legionella londiniensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from hot spring water in Shizuoka in Japan.

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Legionella longbeachae

Legionella longbeachae is one species of the family Legionellaceae.

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Legionella lytica

Legionella lytica is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella.

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Legionella maceachernii

Legionella maceachernii is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from a potable water cistern.

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Legionella massiliensis

Legionella massiliensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from water from a cooling tower in Bouches du Rhone in France.

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Legionella micdadei

Legionella micdadei is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which stains acid-fast.

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Legionella monrovica

Legionella monrovica is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella.

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Legionella moravica

Legionella moravica is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from cooling-tower water samples in Czechoslovakia.

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Legionella nagasakiensis

Legionella nagasakiensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from a sample of hot spring water in Aomori in Japan and from human lung tissue.

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Legionella nautarum

Legionella nautarum is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from a hot water tap in London.

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Legionella norrlandica

Legionella norrlandica is a bacterium from the genus Legionella which has been isolated from a biopurification system.

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Legionella oakridgensis

Legionella oakridgensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from industrial cooling tower waters.

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Legionella parisiensis

Legionella parisiensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from cooling tower water in Paris.

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Legionella pneumophila

Legionella pneumophila is a thin, aerobic, pleomorphic, flagellated, nonspore-forming, Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Legionella.

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Legionella quateirensis

Legionella quateirensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from a shower in a hotel bathroom in Quarteira in Portugal.

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Legionella quinlivanii

Legionella quinlivanii is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from a cooling tower pond in London in United Kingdom.

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Legionella rowbothamii

Legionella rowbothamii is a Gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from water and sludge from an industrial liquifier tower.

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Legionella rubrilucens

Legionella rubrilucens is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from tap water in Los Angeles, hot spring water in Niigata in Japan, and a patient who suffered from pneumonia.

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Legionella sainthelensi

Legionella sainthelensi is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, nonspore-forming, motile bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from fresh water in regions influenced by the volcanic eruptions of Mt. St. Helens in Washington.

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Legionella santicrucis

Legionella santicrucis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from tap water in St. Croix on the Virgin Islands.

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Legionella shakespearei

Legionella shakespearei is a Gram-negative, weakly oxidase-positive, catalase-positive bacterium with a single polar flagellum from the genus Legionella which was isolated from a cooling tower in Stratford-upon-Avon in England.

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Legionella spiritensis

Legionella spiritensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from the Spirit Lake near Mount St. Helens.

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Legionella steelei

Legionella steelei is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from specimens of the respiratory tract of patients with bronchitis in California and South Australia.

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Legionella steigerwaltii

Legionella steigerwaltii is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella isolated from tap water in St. Croix on the Virgin Islands.

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Legionella taurinensis

Legionella taurinensis is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterium from the genus Legionella with a single polar flagellum which was isolated from a water from a hospital oxygen bubble humidifier in Turin in Italy.

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Legionella tucsonensis

Legionella tucsonensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella with a single polar flagellum, which was isolated from the pleural fluid of a renal transplant patient with immunosuppressive therapy in Tucson, Arizona.

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Legionella tunisiensis

Legionella tunisiensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella isolated from hypersaline lake water from the Lake Sabkha in Tunisia.

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Legionella wadsworthii

Legionella wadsworthii is a bacterium from the genus Legionella isolated from sputum from a patient in Los Angeles.

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Legionella waltersii

Legionella waltersii is a Gram-negative catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium from the genus Legionella with a single polar flagellum which was isolated from a drinking-water distribution system in Adelaide in Australia.

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Legionella worsleiensis

Legionella worsleiensis is a bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from industrial cooling tower in Worsley in England.

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Legionella yabuuchiae

Legionella yabuuchiae is a bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from industrial wastes in contaminated soils in Japan.

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Legionellales

The Legionellales are an order of Proteobacteria.

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Legionnaires' disease

Legionnaires' disease is a form of atypical pneumonia caused by any type of Legionella bacteria.

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Leguminous lectin family

In molecular biology, the leguminous lectin family is a family of lectin proteins.

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Leifsonia xyli xyli

Leifsonia xyli subsp.

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Leisingera

In taxonomy, Leisingera is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Lentibacillus

Lentibacillus is a Gram-variable bacterial genus from the family of Bacillaceae.

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Lentibacillus juripiscarius

Lentibacillus juripiscarius is an aerobic, spore-forming, Gram-positive, moderately halophilic bacteria, with type strain IS40-3T (.

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Lentibacillus salicampi

Lentibacillus salicampi is a moderately halophilic bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Lentilitoribacter

Lentilitoribacter is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria.

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Lentilitoribacter donghaensis

Lentilitoribacter donghaensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Lentilitoribacter which was isolated from coastal seawater from the Sea of Japan in South Korea.

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Lentisphaera araneosa

Lentisphera araneosa is a marine bacteria strain in the bacterial phylum Lentisphaerae.

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Lentisphaerae

Lentisphaerae is a phylum of bacteria closely related to Chlamydiae and Verrucomicrobia.

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Leona Woods

Leona Harriet Woods (August 9, 1919 – November 10, 1986), later known as Leona Woods Marshall and Leona Woods Marshall Libby, was an American physicist who helped build the first nuclear reactor and the first atomic bomb.

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Leper colony money

Leper colony money was special money (scrip or vouchers) which circulated only in leper colonies (sanatoriums for people with leprosy) due to the fear that money could carry leprosy and infect other people.

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Lepidodermella squamata

Lepidodermella squamata is a freshwater species of minute worm in the phylum Gastrotricha.

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Leprosy

Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a long-term infection by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis.

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Leptolinea tardivitalis

Leptolinea tardivitalis is a mesophilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative, filamentous bacteria with type strain YMTK-2T (.

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Leptolyngbyaceae

The Leptolyngbyaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Leptonema illini

Leptonema illini is a species of bacteria.

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Leptospira

Leptospira (Greek leptos, "fine, thin" and Latin spira, "coil") is a genus of spirochaete bacteria, including a small number of pathogenic and saprophytic species.

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Leptospira alexanderi

Leptospira alexanderi is a species of Leptospira.

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Leptospira borgpetersenii

Leptospira borgpetersenii is a pathogenic species of Leptospira.

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Leptospira broomii

Leptospira broomii is a species of Leptospira isolated from humans with leptospirosis.

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Leptospira fainei

Leptospira fainei is a pathogenic species of Leptospira, first isolated from pigs in Australia.

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Leptospira inadai

Leptospira inadai is a pathogenic species of Leptospira.

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Leptospira interrogans

Leptospira interrogans is a Gram negative, obligate aerobe spirochete, with periplasmic flagella.

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Leptospira kirschneri

Leptospira kirschneri is a Gram negative, obligate aerobe species of spirochete bacteria.

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Leptospira meyeri

Leptospira meyeri is a saprophytic species of Leptospira.

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Leptospira noguchii

Leptospira noguchii is a gram-negative, pathogenic organism.

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Leptospira santarosai

Leptospira santarosai is a pathogenic species of Leptospira.

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Leptospira weilii

Leptospira weilii is a pathogenic species of Leptospira.

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Leptospira wolbachii

Leptospira wolbachii is a saprophytic species of Leptospira.

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Leptospirillum ferriphilum

Leptospirillum ferriphilum is an iron-oxidising bacterium.

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Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis is an infection caused by corkscrew-shaped bacteria called Leptospira.

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Leptothrix cholodnii

Leptothrix cholodnii is a bacterium from the genus Leptothrix, which has the ability to oxidize Fe(II).

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Leptothrix discophora

Leptothrix discophora is one of several species of Leptothrix, known for its sheath, and iron-, manganese-, and recently arsenic-removing properties.

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Leptothrix lopholea

Leptothrix lopholea is a bacterium from the genus Leptothrix and family Comamonadaceae.

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Leptothrix mobilis

Leptothrix mobilis is a bacterium from the genus Leptothrix and familyComamonadaceae, which was isolated from freshwater sediments.

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Leptothrix ochracea

Leptothrix ochracea is a bacterium from the genus Leptothrix.

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Leptotrichia buccalis

Leptotrichia buccalis is an anaerobic, Gram-negative rod bacteria.

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Leslie D. Gottlieb

Following a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Cornell University in 1957, Gottlieb's career began at Oregon State University in the Botany and Plant Pathology Department.

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Leucine operon leader

The Leucine operon leader is an RNA element found upstream of the first gene in the Leucine biosynthetic operon.

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Leucine-responsive regulatory protein

Leucine responsive protein, or Lrp, is a global regulator protein, meaning that it regulates the biosynthesis of leucine, as well as the other branched-chain amino acids, valine and isoleucine.

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Leucine-rich repeat

A leucine-rich repeat (LRR) is a protein structural motif that forms an α/β horseshoe fold.

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Leucobacter

Leucobacter is a bacterial genus from the family of Microbacteriaceae.

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Leucobacter aridicollis

Leucobacter aridicollis is a bacterium with type strain L-9T, first isolated from a Chromium contaminated environment.

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Leucobacter chromiireducens

Leucobacter chromiireducens is a bacterium with type strain L-1T, first isolated from a Chromium contaminated environment.

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Leucobacter komagatae

Leucobacter komagatae is an aerobic, gram-positive, non-sporulating rod-shaped bacteria with type strain IFO 15245.

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Leuconostoc

Leuconostoc is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, placed within the family of Leuconostocaceae.

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Leuconostoc carnosum

Leuconostoc carnosum is a lactic acid bacterium; its type strain is NCFB 2776.

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Leuconostoc citreum

Leuconostoc citreum is a vancomycin-resistant, Gram-positive, coccus-shaped bacterium, with type strain NCDO 1837.

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Leuconostoc gasicomitatum

Leuconostoc gasicomitatum is a bacterium, first associated with spoiled poultry meat in modified-atmosphere (low oxygen) packages.

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Leuconostoc gelidum

Leuconostoc gelidum is a Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium; its type strain is NCFB 2775.

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Leuconostoc mesenteroides

Leuconostoc mesenteroides is a bacterial species sometimes associated with fermentation, under conditions of salinity and low temperatures (such as lactic acid production in fermented sausages).

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Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides

Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides is an intrinsically vancomycin-resistant, Gram-positive, coccus-shaped bacterium, with type strain NCDO 768.

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Leuconostocaceae

The Leuconostocaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria, placed within the order of Lactobacillales. Representative genera include Fructobacillus, Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, and Weissella. Bacteria that belong to these three genera are nonspore-forming, round or elongated in shape, and anaerobic or aerotolerant. They usually inhabit nutrient-rich environments such as milk, meat, vegetable products, and fermented drinks. Lactic acid is the main end product of their characteristic heterofermentative carbohydrate metabolism. The phylogeny of the family Leuconostocaceae has recently been evaluated.

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Leukocidin

A leukocidin is a type of cytotoxin created by some types of bacteria (Staphylococcus).

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Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by immunodeficiency resulting in recurrent infections.

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Leukocyte esterase

Leukocyte esterase (LE) is an esterase (a type of enzyme) produced by leukocytes (white blood cells).

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Levan polysaccharide

Levans are a group of fructans; polymers of fructose forming a non-structural carbohydrate, which in the case of levans can themselves link to form super-molecules comprising even hundreds of thousands.

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Leviathan (Westerfeld novel)

Leviathan is a 2009 dystopian novel written by Scott Westerfeld and illustrated by Keith Thompson.

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Levilinea saccharolytica

Levilinea saccharolytica is a mesophilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative, filamentous bacteria with type strain KIBI-1T (.

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LGBT rights in Africa

With the exception of South Africa, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Africa are very limited in comparison to many other areas of the world.

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LibertyLink (gene)

LibertyLink is a Bayer owned brand of genes for use in agriculture providing tolerance to Liberty herbicide and glufosinate (a.k.a. Liberty or Basta).

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Library (biology)

In molecular biology, a library is a collection of DNA fragments that is stored and propagated in a population of micro-organisms through the process of molecular cloning.

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Library of Congress Classification:Class Q -- Science

Class Q: Science is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system.

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Licancabur Lake

Licancabur Lake is a crater lake in Chile located in the volcano Licancabur in the Antofagasta region, of the Región de Antofagasta, Province of El Loa.

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Lichen sclerosus

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a skin disease of unknown cause, commonly appearing as whitish patches on the genitals, which can affect any body part of any person but has a strong preference for the genitals (penis, vulva) and is also known as balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) when it affects the penis.

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Lick granuloma

A lick granuloma, also known as acral lick dermatitis, is a skin disorder found most commonly in dogs, but also in cats.

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Life

Life is a characteristic that distinguishes physical entities that do have biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from those that do not, either because such functions have ceased, or because they never had such functions and are classified as inanimate.

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LifeSaver bottle

The LifeSaver bottle is a portable water purification device.

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LifeStraw

The LifeStraw is a water filter designed to be used by one person to filter water for drinking.

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Light therapy

Light therapy—or phototherapy, classically referred to as heliotherapy—consists of exposure to daylight or to specific wavelengths of light using polychromatic polarised light, lasers, light-emitting diodes, fluorescent lamps, dichroic lamps or very bright, full-spectrum light.

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Lignin-modifying enzyme

Lignin-modifying enzymes (LMEs) are various types of enzymes produced by fungi and bacteria that catalyze the breakdown of lignin, a biopolymer commonly found in the cell walls of plants.

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Lihuaxuella

Lihuaxuella is a bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.

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Lihuaxuella thermophila

Lihuaxuella thermophila is a bacterium from the genus of Lihuaxuella which has been isolated from geothermal soil from the Rehai National Park in Tengchong in China.

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Limacina

Limacina is a genus of swimming predatory sea snails commonly known as sea butterflies in the family Limacinidae.

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Limburger

Limburger (in southern Dutch contexts Rommedoe, and in Belgium Herve cheese) is a cheese that originated in the Herve area of the historical Duchy of Limburg, which had its capital in Limbourg-sur-Vesdre, now in the French-speaking Belgian province of Liège.

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Lime sulfur

In horticulture, lime sulfur (British spelling lime sulphur) is a mixture of calcium polysulfides formed by reacting calcium hydroxide with sulfur, used in pest control.

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Limibacter

Limibacter is a genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae with one known species (Limibacter armeniacum).

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Limibacter armeniacum

Limibacter armeniacum is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Limibacter which has been isolated from marine sediments from the Carp Island from Palau.

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Liming (soil)

Liming is the application (to soil) of calcium- and magnesium-rich materials in various forms, including marl, chalk, limestone, or hydrated lime.

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Limnobacter

Limnobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile bacteria with a single polar flagellum, of the family Burkholderiaceae and class Betaproteobacteria.

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Limnobacter litoralis

Limnobacter litoralis is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, nonspore-forming, thiosulfate-oxidizing, anaerobic bacterium of the genus Limnobacter and family Burkholderiaceae, isolated from a 22-year-old volcanic deposit on the island of Miyake in Japan.

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Limnobacter thiooxidans

Limnobacter thiooxidans is a Gram-negative, thiosulfate-oxidizing bacterium with a single polar flagellum, from the genus Limnobacter and family Burkholderiaceae, isolated from sediment of the littoral zone from the Chiemsee in Germany.

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Limnohabitans

Limnohabitans is a genus of Proteobacteria established by Hahn et al.

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Limnohabitans australis

Limnohabitans australis is an aerobic, nonmotile bacterium from the genus Limnohabitans and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from a freshwater pond in Monjolinho in Brazil.

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Limnohabitans curvus

Limnohabitans curvus is a aerobic, nonmotile bacterium from the genus Limnohabitans and family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from the pelagic zone from a freshwater lake in Mondsee in Austria.

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Limnohabitans parvus

Limnohabitans parvus is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, unpigmented, short-rod-shaped, nonmotile bacterium from the genus Limnohabitans, which was isolated with Limnohabitans planktonicus from the mesoeutrophic freshwater reservoir in Římov in the Czech Republic.

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Limnohabitans planktonicus

Limnohabitans planktonicus is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic, unpigmented bacterium from the genus Limnohabitans, which was isolated from the mesoeutrophic freshwater reservoir in Římov in the Czech Republic.

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Linckia multifora

Linckia multifora is a variously colored starfish in the family Ophidiasteridae that is found in the Indian Ocean and Red Sea.

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Linderiella occidentalis

Linderiella occidentalis (the California fairy shrimp or California Linderella) is a species of fairy shrimp native to California.

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Lineage (evolution)

An evolutionary lineage is a temporal series of organisms, populations, cells, or genes connected by a continuous line of descent from ancestor to descendent.

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Linens

Linens are fabric household goods intended for daily use, such as bedding, tablecloths and towels.

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Linezolid

Linezolid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics.

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Lingual tonsils

The lingual tonsils are two small mounds of lymphatic tissue located at the back of the base of the tongue, one on either side.

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Linguistic intelligence

Linguistic Intelligence is a part of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory that deals with individuals' ability to understand both spoken and written language, as well as their ability to speak and write themselves.

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Linnaean taxonomy

Linnaean taxonomy can mean either of two related concepts.

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Lint (material)

Lint is the common name for visible accumulations of textile fibers and other materials, usually found on and around clothing.

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Lipid bilayer

The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules.

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Lipoarabinomannan

Lipoarabinomannan, also called LAM, is a glycolipid, and a virulence factor associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis.

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Lipopeptide

A lipopeptide is a molecule consisting of a lipid connected to a peptide.

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Lipophilic bacteria

Lipophilic bacteria (fat-loving bacteria) are bacteria that may proliferate in lipids.

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Lipoptena mazamae

Lipoptena mazamae, the Neotropical deer ked, is a fly from the family Hippoboscidae.

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Lipoyl amidotransferase

Lipoyl amidotransferase (LipL (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name (glycine cleavage system H)-N6-lipoyl-L-lysine:(lipoyl-carrier protein)-N6-L-lysine lipoyltransferase.

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Liquefactive necrosis

Liquefactive necrosis (or colliquative necrosis) is a type of necrosis which results in a transformation of the tissue into a liquid viscous mass.

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Liquid fuel

Liquid fuels are combustible or energy-generating molecules that can be harnessed to create mechanical energy, usually producing kinetic energy; they also must take the shape of their container.

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List of antibiotics

The following is a list of antibiotics.

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List of Asterix characters

This is a list of characters in the Asterix comics.

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List of Australian Nobel laureates

Since 1915 there have been sixteen Australian winners of the Nobel Prize.

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List of bacteria genera

This article lists the genera of the bacteria.

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List of bacterial orders

This article lists the orders of the Bacteria.

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List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota

Bacterial vaginosis is caused by an imbalance of the naturally occurring bacteria in the vagina.

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List of biophysicists

This is a list of persons known for their research in biophysics.

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List of Blue Flag Beaches of Wales

Below is a list of Blue Flag beaches and marinas in Wales, sorted by regulatory body.

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List of Bulgarian inventors and discoverers

This is a List of Bulgarian inventors and discoverers, working locally or overseas.

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List of chemical compounds with unusual names

Chemical nomenclature, replete as it is with compounds with complex names, is a repository for some very peculiar and sometimes startling names.

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List of clinically important bacteria

This is a list of bacteria that are significant in medicine.

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List of cutaneous conditions

Many conditions affect the human integumentary system—the organ system covering the entire surface of the body and composed of skin, hair, nails, and related muscle and glands.

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List of dairy products

This is a list of dairy products.

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List of diving hazards and precautions

Divers face specific physical and health risks when they go underwater with scuba or other diving equipment, or use high pressure breathing gas.

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List of dog diseases

This list of dog diseases is a selection of diseases and other conditions found in the dog.

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List of domesticated fungi and microorganisms

Many fungi and microorganisms have been domesticated by humans for use in food production, medicine, and research.

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List of dried foods

This is a list of notable dried foods.

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List of drugs by year of discovery

The following is a table with drugs organized by year of discovery and begins with firs drugs formed in the universe; Hydrogen, Helium and Lithium that were formed during the first three minutes after the big bang, bigger elements and molecules were formed by stellar nucleosynthesis and other forms of nucleosynthesis thousands and millions of years after the Big Bang, such as water, sodium chloride, after it, more complex molecules were formed and evolved into self-replicating molecules.

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List of Dutch inventions and discoveries

The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.

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List of endophytes

Endophytes are micro-organisms living within the tissue of a plant as endosymbionts, without causing symptoms of disease.

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List of examples of convergent evolution

Convergent evolution — the repeated evolution of similar traits in multiple lineages which all ancestrally lack the trait — is rife in nature, as illustrated by the examples below.

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List of examples of lengths

This is a list of examples of lengths, in metres in order to give an understanding of lengths.

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List of fermented foods

This is a list of fermented foods, which are foods produced or preserved by the action of microorganisms.

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List of fictional diseases

This article is a list of fictional diseases, disorders, infections, and pathogens which appear in fiction where they have a major plot or thematic importance.

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List of fictional European countries

This is a partial list of fictional countries in Europe.

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List of fictional locations in the Godzilla films

This is a list of fictional Earth locations depicted in films of and tied in with the Godzilla series.

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List of food additives

;Acids: Food acids are added to make flavors "sharper", and also act as preservatives and antioxidants.

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List of G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero episodes

This page is a list of G.I. Joe episodes.

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List of geneticists

This is a list of people who have made notable contributions to genetics.

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List of Greek and Latin roots in English/B

Category:Lists of words.

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List of hematologic conditions

There are many conditions of or affecting the human hematologic system — the biological system that includes plasma, platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes, the major components of blood and the bone marrow.

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List of herbivorous animals

This is a list of herbivorous animals.

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List of homing endonuclease cutting sites

The homing endonucleases are a special type of restriction enzymes encoded by introns or inteins.

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List of Horizon episodes

Horizon is a current and long-running BBC popular science and philosophy documentary programme.

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List of human clusters of differentiation

The following is a list of human clusters of differentiation (or CD) molecules.

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List of hyperaccumulators

This article covers known hyperaccumulators, accumulators or species tolerant to the following: Aluminium (Al), Silver (Ag), Arsenic (As), Beryllium (Be), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Molybdenum (Mo), Naphthalene, Lead (Pb), Selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn).

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List of Indian inventions and discoveries

This list of Indian inventions and discoveries details the inventions, scientific discoveries and contributions of ancient and modern India, including both the ancient and medieval nations in the subcontinent historically referred to as India and the modern Indian state.

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List of infections of the central nervous system

There are five main causes of infections of the central nervous system (CNS): bacterial, viral, fungal, protozoal, and prionic.

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List of infectious diseases

Infectious diseases arranged by name.

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List of infectious sheep and goat diseases

Sheep and goats are both small ruminants with cosmopolitan distributions due to their being kept historically and in modern times as grazers both individually and in herds in return for their production of milk, wool, and meat.

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List of instruments used in microbiological sterilization and disinfection

Instruments used in microbiological sterilization and disinfection are as follows.

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List of Invader Zim episodes

Invader Zim is an American animated television series that was produced by and aired on Nickelodeon.

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List of Jewish Nobel laureates

As of 2017, Nobel PrizesThe Nobel Prize is an annual, international prize first awarded in 1901 for achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.

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List of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks

This is a list of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks; Legionnaire's is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by gram negative, aerobic bacteria belonging to the genus Legionella.

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List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes

This is a list of roots, suffixes, and prefixes used in medical terminology, their meanings, and their etymology.

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List of MeSH codes

The following is a list of the codes for MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), a comprehensive controlled vocabulary for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences; it can also serve as a thesaurus that facilitates searching.

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List of MeSH codes (B03)

The following is a list of the "B" codes for MeSH.

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List of MeSH codes (D12.776)

This is part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.

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List of MeSH codes (D12.776.097)

This is a sub-part (bacterial proteins only) of List of MeSH codes (D12.776), itself a part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.

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List of MeSH codes (D12.776.124)

This is a sub-part (blood proteins only) of List of MeSH codes (D12.776), itself a part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.

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List of microorganisms tested in outer space

The survival of some microorganisms exposed to outer space has been studied using both simulated facilities and low Earth orbit exposures.

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List of microorganisms used in food and beverage preparation

This is an incomplete list of bacteria and microscopic fungi that are used in preparing food.

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List of Moyasimon episodes

Moyasimon: Tales of Agriculture, known in Japan as, is a manga series created by Masayuki Ishikawa.

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List of multiple discoveries

Historians and sociologists have remarked the occurrence, in science, of "multiple independent discovery".

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List of Mystery Hunters episodes

The following episodes are from Mystery Hunters.

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List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded annually by the Swedish Karolinska Institute to scientists and doctors in the various fields of physiology or medicine.

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List of oncogenic bacteria

This is a list of bacteria that have been identified as promoting or causing.

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List of organisms named after famous people

In biological nomenclature, organisms often receive scientific names that honor a person.

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List of parasites of the marsh rice rat

A variety of parasites have been recorded from the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), a semiaquatic rodent found in the eastern and southern United States, north to New Jersey and Kansas and south to Florida and Texas, and in Tamaulipas, far northeastern Mexico.

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List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field

The following is a list of people who are considered a "father" or "mother" (or "founding father" or "founding mother") of a scientific field.

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List of people from Montana

Montana is a state in the Western United States.

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List of pests and diseases of roses

Roses (Rosa sp.) are susceptible to a number of pests, diseases and disorders.

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List of Puerto Rican military personnel

Throughout history Puerto Ricans, including people of Puerto Rican descent, have gained notability as members of the military.

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List of ReGenesis episodes

This is a list of episodes from the show ReGenesis.

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List of restriction enzyme cutting sites

A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is a special type of biological macromolecule that functions as part of the "immune system" in bacteria.

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List of RNAs

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) occurs in different forms within organisms.

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List of Scorpion episodes

Scorpion is an American drama television series loosely based on the life of self-proclaimed genius and computer expert Walter O'Brien.

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List of sequenced bacterial genomes

This list of sequenced eubacterial genomes contains all the eubacteria known to have publicly available complete genome sequences.

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List of Southern Methodist University people

This is a list of notable alumni, faculty, and students of Southern Methodist University.

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List of spaceflight records

This is a list of spaceflight records.

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List of symbiotic relationships

Symbiosis can vary between mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, though these grade into each other,.

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List of The Colbert Report episodes (2008)

This is a list of episodes for The Colbert Report in 2008.

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List of The Colbert Report episodes (2009)

This is a list of episodes for The Colbert Report in 2009.

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List of The Simpsons couch gags

The Simpsons is an American animated television sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company.

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List of traditional Chinese medicines

In traditional Chinese medicine, there are roughly 13,000 medicinals used in China and over 100,000 medicinal prescriptions recorded in the ancient literature.

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List of types of poison

The following is a list of types of poison by intended use.

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List of types of tinea

Tinea, or ringworm, is any of a variety of skin mycoses.

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List of unrefined sweeteners

This list of unrefined sweeteners includes all natural, unrefined, or low-processed sweeteners.

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List of video game genres

A video game genre is a specific category of games related by similar gameplay characteristics.

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List of yogurt-based dishes and beverages

This is a list of yogurt-based dishes and beverages.

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Listeria

Listeria is a genus of bacteria that, until 1992, contained 10 known species, each containing two subspecies.

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Listeria aquatica

Listeria aquatica is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, nonmotile, nonspore-forming rod-shaped species of bacteria.

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Listeria booriae

Listeria booriae is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, nonmotile, nonspore-forming rod-shaped species of bacteria.

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Listeria cornellensis

Listeria cornellensis is a species of bacteria.

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Listeria fleischmannii

Listeria fleischmannii is a species of bacteria.

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Listeria floridensis

Listeria floridensis is a species of bacteria.

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Listeria grandensis

Listeria grandensis is a species of bacteria.

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Listeria grayi

Listeria grayi is a species of bacteria.

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Listeria Hfq binding LhrA

Listeria Hfq binding LhrA is a ncRNA that was identified by screening for RNA molecules which co-immunoprecipitated with the RNA chaperone Hfq.

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Listeria Hfq binding LhrC

Listeria LhrC ncRNA was identified by screening for RNA molecules which co-immunoprecipitated with the RNA chaperone Hfq.

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Listeria ivanovii

Listeria ivanovii is a species of bacteria in the genus Listeria.

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Listeria marthii

Listeria marthii is a species of bacteria.

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Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes is the species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis.

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Listeria newyorkensis

Listeria newyorkensis is a species of bacteria.

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Listeria phage A511

Listeria phage A511 is a virus of the family Myoviridae, genus Twortlikevirus.

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Listeria phage P100

Listeria phage P100 is a virus of the family Myoviridae, genus Twortlikevirus.

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Listeria riparia

Listeria riparia is a species of bacteria.

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Listeria rocourtiae

Listeria rocourtiae is a species of bacteria.

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Listeria seeligeri

Listeria seeligeri is a species of bacteria.

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Listeria weihenstephanensis

Listeria weihenstephanensis is a species of bacteria.

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Listeria welshimeri

Listeria welshimeri is a species of bacteria.

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Listeriaceae

The Listeriaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Listeriolysin O

Listeriolysin O (LLO) is a hemolysin produced by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, the pathogen responsible for causing listeriosis.

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Listonella

Listonella is a genus of Gram-negative marine bacteria in the family Vibrionaceae named after the American microbiologist J. Liston.

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Listonella anguillarum

Listonella anguillarum is a Gram-negative marine bacterium in the family Vibrionaceae.

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Listriolobus pelodes

Listriolobus pelodes is a species of marine spoon worm.

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Lists of extinct species

This page features lists of extinct species, organisms that have become extinct, either in the wild life or completely disappeared from Earth.

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Lists of foods

This is a categorically-organized list of foods.

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Lithoautotroph

A lithoautotroph (or chemolithoautotroph) is a microbe which derives energy from reduced compounds of mineral origin.

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Lithoautotrophy

Lithoautotrophy is a special type of chemoautotrophy found exclusively in Archaea and Bacteria.

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Lithotroph

Lithotrophs are a diverse group of organisms using inorganic substrate (usually of mineral origin) to obtain reducing equivalents for use in biosynthesis (e.g., carbon dioxide fixation) or energy conservation (i.e., ATP production) via aerobic or anaerobic respiration.

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Litmus milk

Litmus milk is a milk-based medium used to distinguish between different species of bacteria.

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Little Butte Creek

Little Butte Creek is a tributary of the Rogue River in the U.S. state of Oregon.

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Live blood analysis

Live blood analysis (LBA), live cell analysis, Hemaview or nutritional blood analysis is the use of high-resolution dark field microscopy to observe live blood cells.

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Live rock

Live rock is rock from the ocean that has been introduced into a saltwater aquarium.

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Live sand

Live sand, a term used in aquarism, is natural reef coral sand populated with millions of beneficial bacteria and organisms which aid in the dissolving of organic wastes like ammonia, nitrites and nitrates produced by larger organisms in saltwater aquariums.

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Liver sinusoid

A liver sinusoid is a type of sinusoidal blood vessel (with fenestrated, discontinuous endothelium) that serves as a location for mixing of the oxygen-rich blood from the hepatic artery and the nutrient-rich blood from the portal vein.

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Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment

The Living Interplanetary Flight ExperimentAsian Scientist,, Srinivas Laxman, 9 November 2011 (LIFE or Phobos LIFE) was an interplanetary mission developed by the Planetary Society.

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Living machine

Living Machine is a trademark and brand name for a patented form of ecological sewage treatment designed to mimic the cleansing functions of wetlands.

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Living things in culture

Living things including animals, plants, fungi and microbes play many roles in culture.

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LivK RNA motif

The livK RNA motif describes a conserved RNA structured that was discovered using bioinformatics.

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Lloyd Hall

Lloyd Augustus Hall (June 19, 1894 – January 2, 1971) was an African American chemist, who contributed to the science of food preservation.

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Lloyd M. Kozloff

Lloyd M. Kozloff (1923-2012) was an American microbiologist and virologist.

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Llullaillaco

Llullaillaco is a dormant stratovolcano at the border of Argentina (Salta Province) and Chile (Antofagasta Region).

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Lnt RNA motif

The Lnt RNA motif refers to a conserved RNA structure found in certain bacteria.

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Lobar pneumonia

Lobar pneumonia is a form of pneumonia that affects a large and continuous area of the lobe of a lung.

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Loefgrenia (cyanobacteria)

Loefgrenia is a monospecific, freshwater, epiphytic genus of nonheterocystic cyanobacteria known from Brazil.

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Lokiarchaeota

Lokiarchaeota is a proposed phylum of the Archaea.

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Loktanella

In taxonomy, Loktanella is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Lomefloxacin

Lomefloxacin hydrochloride (sold under the following brand names in English speaking countries Maxaquin, Okacyn, Uniquin) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections.

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Lon protease family

In molecular biology, the Lon protease family is a family of proteases.

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Lonar Lake

Lonar Lake is a notified National Geo-heritage Monument saline soda lake located at Lonar in Buldhana district, Maharashtra, India, which was created by a meteor impact during the Pleistocene Epoch and it is the only known hyper velocity impact crater in basaltic rock anywhere on Earth.

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Long Ashton Research Station

Long Ashton Research Station (LARS) was an agricultural and horticultural government research centre in the village of Long Ashton near Bristol, UK.

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Louis Calder Center

The Louis Calder Center is Fordham University's biological field station.

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Louis Pasteur

Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French biologist, microbiologist and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization.

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Low-temperature cooking

Low-temperature cooking is a cooking technique using temperatures of for a prolonged time to cook food.

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LRRC40

Leucine rich repeat containing 40 (LRRC40) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRC40 gene.

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LSm

In molecular biology, LSm proteins are a family of RNA-binding proteins found in virtually every cellular organism.

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Lucina (bivalve)

Lucina is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs.

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Lucinidae

Lucinidae is a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs.

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Lucio's phenomenon

Lucio's phenomenon is an unusual reaction seen almost exclusively in patients from the Caribbean and Mexico with diffuse, lepromatous leprosy, especially in untreated cases.

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Lung

The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and many other animals including a few fish and some snails.

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Lung microbiota

The lung microbiota, is the pulmonary microbial community consisting of a complex variety of microorganisms found in the lower respiratory tract particularly on the mucous layer and the epithelial surfaces.

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Lupinus aridorum

Lupinus aridorum is a rare species of lupine known by the common name scrub lupine.

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Luria–Delbrück experiment

The Luria–Delbrück experiment (1943) (also called the Fluctuation Test) demonstrates that in bacteria, genetic mutations arise in the absence of selection, rather than being a response to selection.

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Luteimonas

Luteimonas is a genus of Proteobacteria from the family Xanthomonadaceae.

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Luteimonas aestuarii

Luteimonas aestuarii is a species of yellow-pigmented bacteria.

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Luteimonas aquatica

Luteimonas aquatica is a species of yellow-pigmented bacteria.

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Luteimonas composti

Luteimonas composti is a moderately thermophilic, yellow-pigmented bacterium.

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Luteimonas lutimaris

Luteimonas lutimaris is yellow-pigmented, Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium.

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Luteimonas marina

Luteimonas marina is a bacterium.

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Luteimonas mephitis

Luteimonas mephitis is a yellow-pigmented bacterium and the type species of its genus.

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Luteimonas vadosa

Luteimonas vadosa is aerobic, Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented, nonmotile, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Luther Burbank

Luther Burbank (March 7, 1849 – April 11, 1926) was an American botanist, horticulturist and pioneer in agricultural science.

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Lutibacterium

Lutibacterium is a genus of Gram-negative staining bacteria.

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Luting agent

A luting agent is an application of a dental cement.

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Lyme disease

Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the Borrelia type which is spread by ticks.

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Lyme disease microbiology

Lyme disease, or borreliosis, is caused by spirochetal bacteria from the genus Borrelia, which has 52 known species.

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Lymph

Lymph is the fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system.

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Lymph node

A lymph node or lymph gland is an ovoid or kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system, and of the adaptive immune system, that is widely present throughout the body.

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Lymphadenopathy

Lymphadenopathy or adenopathy is disease of the lymph nodes, in which they are abnormal in size, number, or consistency.

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Lymphatic system

The lymphatic system is part of the vascular system and an important part of the immune system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph (from Latin, lympha meaning "water") directionally towards the heart.

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Lymphocystis

Lymphocystis is a common viral disease of freshwater and saltwater fish.

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Lymphocyte

A lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of white blood cell in a vertebrate's immune system.

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Lymphocytopenia

Lymphocytopenia, or lymphopenia, is the condition of having an abnormally low level of lymphocytes in the blood.

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Lynn Margulis

Lynn Margulis (born Lynn Petra Alexander; March 5, 1938 – November 22, 2011) was an American evolutionary theorist and biologist, science author, educator, and popularizer, and was the primary modern proponent for the significance of symbiosis in evolution.

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Lysine riboswitch

The Lysine riboswitch is a metabolite binding RNA element found within certain messenger RNAs that serve as a precision sensor for the amino acid lysine.

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Lysinibacillus boronitolerans

Lysinibacillus boronitolerans is a spore-forming, Gram-positive, motile, rod-shaped and boron-tolerant bacterium with type strain 10aT (.

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Lysinibacillus fusiformis

Lysinibacillus fusiformis (commonly abbreviated L. fusiformis) is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Lysinibacillus.

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Lysinibacillus sphaericus

Lysinibacillus sphaericus (reclassified - previously known as Bacillus sphaericus) is a Gram-positive, mesophilic, rod-shaped bacterium commonly found on soil.

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Lysis

Lysis (Greek λύσις lýsis, "a loosing" from λύειν lýein, "to unbind") refers to the breaking down of the membrane of a cell, often by viral, enzymic, or osmotic (that is, "lytic") mechanisms that compromise its integrity.

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Lysobacter

The genus Lysobacter belongs to the family Xanthomonadaceae within the Gammaproteobacteria and includes 13 named species: Lysobacter enzymogenes, L. antibioticus, L. gummosus, L. brunescens, L. defluvii, L. niabensis, L. niastensis, L. daejeonensis, L. yangpyeongensis, L. koreensis, L. concretionis, L. spongiicola, and L. capsici.

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Lysogen

A lysogen or lysogenic bacterium is a bacterial cell in which a phage exists as DNA in its dormant state (prophage).

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Lysogenic cycle

Lysogeny, or the lysogenic cycle, is one of two cycles of viral reproduction (the lytic cycle being the other).

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Lysogeny broth

Lysogeny broth (LB), a nutritionally rich medium, is primarily used for the growth of bacteria.

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Lyticum

Lyticum is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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M protein (Streptococcus)

M protein is a virulence factor that can be produced by certain species of Streptococcus.

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M13 bacteriophage

M13 is a virus that infects the bacterium Escherichia coli.

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MacConkey agar

MacConkey agar is an indicator, a selective and differential culture medium for bacteria designed to selectively isolate Gram-negative and enteric (normally found in the intestinal tract) bacilli and differentiate them based on lactose fermentation.

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Maceration (bone)

Maceration is a bone preparation technique whereby a clean skeleton is obtained from a vertebrate carcass by leaving it to decompose inside a closed container at near-constant temperature.

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Macrococcus

Macrococcus is a genus of Gram-positive cocci belonging to the family Staphylococcaceae.

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Macrococcus brunensis

Macrococcus brunensis is a species of bacteria belonging to the genus Macrococcus.

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Macrococcus hajekii

Macrococcus hajekii is a species of bacteria belonging to the genus Macrococcus.

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Macrococcus lamae

Macrococcus lamae is a species of bacteria belonging to the genus Macrococcus.

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Macrodasys caudatus

Macrodasys caudatus is a species of microscopic worm-like metazoan in the family Macrodasyidae in the phylum Gastrotricha.

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Macroflora

Macroflora is a term used for all the plants occurring in a particular area that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye.

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Macromonas

Macromonas is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria).

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Macromonas bipunctata

Macromonas bipunctata is a Gram-negative, colorless, and heterotrophic sulfur bacterium of the genus Macromonas.

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Macrophage inflammatory protein

Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins (MIP) belong to the family of chemotactic cytokines known as chemokines.

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Macropodidae

Macropods are marsupials belonging to the family Macropodidae, the kangaroo family, which includes kangaroos, wallabies, tree-kangaroos, wallaroos, pademelons, quokkas, and several others.

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Macrotermes convulsionarius

Macrotermes convulsionarius, is a species of termite of the genus Macrotermes.

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Madarosis

Madarosis is a condition that results in the loss of eyelashes, and sometimes eyebrows.

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Magnesium in biology

Magnesium is an essential element in biological systems.

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Magnetite

Magnetite is a rock mineral and one of the main iron ores, with the chemical formula Fe3O4.

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Magnetococcus marinus

Magnetococcus marinus is a species of Alphaproteobacteria that has the peculiar ability to form a structure called a magnetosome, a membrane encased single-magnetic-domain mineral crystals formed by biomineralisation, which allows the cells to orientate along the Earth’s geomagnetic field.

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Magnetoreception

Magnetoreception (also magnetoception) is a sense which allows an organism to detect a magnetic field to perceive direction, altitude or location.

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Magnetospirillum

Magnetospirillum is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic genus of magnetotactic bacterium, first isolated from pond water by the microbiologist R. P. Blakemore in 1975.

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Magnetotactic bacteria

Magnetotactic bacteria (or MTB) are a polyphyletic group of bacteria discovered by Richard P. Blakemore in 1975, that orient along the magnetic field lines of Earth's magnetic field.

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Maize

Maize (Zea mays subsp. mays, from maíz after Taíno mahiz), also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago.

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Major histocompatibility complex

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a set of cell surface proteins essential for the acquired immune system to recognize foreign molecules in vertebrates, which in turn determines histocompatibility.

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Malabsorption

Malabsorption is a state arising from abnormality in absorption of food nutrients across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

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Maladaptation

A maladaptation is a trait that is (or has become) more harmful than helpful, in contrast with an adaptation, which is more helpful than harmful.

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Malakoplakia

Malakoplakia or malacoplakia (from Greek Malako "soft" + Plako "plaque") is a rare inflammatory condition which makes its presence known as a papule, plaque or ulceration that usually affects the genitourinary tract.

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Malaria and the Caribbean

The effects of malaria in the Caribbean represent an important chapter of the history of the region, due to its effects on the colonization of the islands and the corresponding impact on society and economy.

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Malate synthase

In enzymology, a malate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA, H2O, and glyoxylate, whereas its two products are (S)-malate and CoA.

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Male

A male (♂) organism is the physiological sex that produces sperm.

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Malikia

Malikia is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Malikia granosa

Malikia granosa is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium with one to two polar flagella from the new genus Malikia in family Comamonadaceae.

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Malikia spinosa

Malikia spinosa is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.

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Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase

Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (which can also be called MCD and malonyl-CoA carboxyl-lyase) is found from bacteria to humans, has important roles in regulating fatty acid metabolism and food intake, and it is an attractive target for drug discovery.

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Mamavirus

Mamavirus is a large and complex virus in the Group I family mimiviridae.

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Mammal

Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.

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Mammary gland

A mammary gland is an exocrine gland in mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring.

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ManA RNA motif

The manA RNA motif (also called manA) refers to a conserved RNA structure that was identified by bioinformatics.

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Mandelate racemase

Mandelate racemase is a bacterial enzyme which catalyzes the interconversion of the enantiomers of mandelate via an enol intermediate.

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Manganese peroxidase

In enzymology, a manganese peroxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are Mn(II), H+, and H2O2, whereas its two products are Mn(III) and H2O.

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Mangrove

A mangrove is a shrub or small tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water.

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Mangroves of the Straits of Malacca

The mangroves of the Straits of Malacca are found along the coast of Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and northern Sumatra.

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Manistique Lakes

There are three Manistique Lakes in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.

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Mannan-binding lectin

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), also called mannose-binding protein or mannan-binding protein (MBP), is a lectin that is instrumental in innate immunity via the lectin pathway.

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Mannheimia

Mannheimia is a Gram-negative, anaerobe, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria genus from the family of Pasteurellaceae.

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Mannheimia phage phiMhaA1-PHL101

Mannheimia phage phiMhaA1-PHL101 is a virus of the family Myoviridae, genus P2likevirus.

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Mannheimia ruminalis

Mannheimia ruminalis is a bacterium.

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Mannheimia varigena

Mannheimia varigena is a bacterium, predominantly encountered in ruminants and historically classified within the former bacterial Pasteurella haemolytica complex, a group of bacteria involved in bovine respiratory disease (BRD).

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Mannitol motility medium

Mannitol motility medium is a bacterial growth medium used to detect the ability of bacteria to ferment mannite and produce nitrogen gas; and to indicate the motility of the organism.

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Mannose receptor

The mannose receptor (Cluster of Differentiation 206, CD206) is a C-type lectin primarily present on the surface of macrophages and immature dendritic cells, but is also expressed on the surface of skin cells such as human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes.

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Mannosylglycerate hydrolase

Mannosylglycerate hydrolase (2-O-(6-phospho-mannosyl)-D-glycerate hydrolase, alpha-mannosidase, mngB (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 2-O-(6-phospho-alpha-D-mannosyl)-D-glycerate acylhydrolase.

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Manoa Falls Trail

Mānoa Falls Trail is a 1.6 mile trail on the island of Oahu in Hawaii.

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Manufacturing in Japan

Japan's major export industries include automobiles, consumer electronics (see Electronics industry in Japan), computers, semiconductors, copper, iron and steel.

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Manure

Manure is organic matter, mostly derived from animal feces except in the case of green manure, which can be used as organic fertilizer in agriculture.

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Maple syrup

Maple syrup is a syrup usually made from the xylem sap of sugar maple, red maple, or black maple trees, although it can also be made from other maple species.

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Marceli Nencki

Wilhelm Marceli Nencki (15 January 1847 in Boczki, Zduńska Wola County – 14 October 1901 in Saint Petersburg) was a famous Polish chemist and doctor.

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March 24

March 24th is the 365th and last day of the year in many European implementations of the Julian calendar.

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Marginal zone

The marginal zone is the region at the interface between the non-lymphoid red pulp and the lymphoid white-pulp of the spleen.

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Maribius

In taxonomy, Maribius is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Maricaulis

Maricaulis is a genus of the Hyphomonadaceae.

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Marine bacteriophage

Marine bacteriophages or marine phages are viruses that live as obligate parasitic agents in marine bacteria such as cyanobacteria.

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Marine environmental issues in Lebanon

A variety of factors affect the water and coastline of Lebanon, including marine pollution and the environmental impact of shipping.

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Marine habitats

The marine environment supplies many kinds of habitats that support marine life.

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Marine invertebrates

Marine invertebrates are the invertebrates that live in marine habitats.

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Marine life

Marine life, or sea life or ocean life, is the plants, animals and other organisms that live in the salt water of the sea or ocean, or the brackish water of coastal estuaries.

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Marine microorganism

Marine microorganisms are defined by their habitat as the microorganisms living in a marine environment, that is, in the saltwater of a sea or ocean or the brackish water of a coastal estuary.

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Marine pharmacognosy

''Halichondria'' produces the eribulin ('''Halaven''') precursor halichondrin B For many years, traditional Western pharmacognosy focused on the investigation and identification of medically important plants and animals in the terrestrial environment, although many marine organisms were used in Traditional Chinese Medicine.

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Marine sanitation device

A Marine Sanitation Device, commonly known as an “MSD” is a piece of machinery or a mechanical system that is dedicated to treat, process, and/or store raw, untreated sewage that can accumulate onboard water vessels.

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Marine shrimp farming

Marine shrimp farming is an aquaculture business for the cultivation of marine shrimp or prawns for human consumption.

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Marine snow

In the deep ocean, marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column.

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Marinilabiliaceae

The Marinilabiliaceae are a family of bacteria.

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Marininema

Marininema is a bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.

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Marininema halotolerans

Marininema halotolerans is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Marininema which has been isolated from marine sediments from the Little Andaman Island from the Indian Ocean.

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Marininema mesophilum

Marininema mesophilum is a bacterium from the genus of Marininema which has been isolated from sediments from South China Sea.

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Marinitoga piezophila

Marinitoga piezophila is a species of rod-shaped, thermo-piezophilic bacteria.

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Marinobacter

Marinobacter is a genus of Proteobacteria found in sea water.

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Marinobacter adhaerens

Marinobacter adhaerens is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile bactebacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from marine aggregates from the Wadden Sea in Germany.

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Marinobacter algicola

Marinobacter algicola is a Gram-negative, aerobic and moderately halophilic bactebacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum in Scotland.

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Marinobacter alkaliphilus

Marinobacter alkaliphilus is an alkaliphilic and mesophilic bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter from the Ocean which has been investigate from the Ocean Drilling Program.

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Marinobacter antarcticus

Marinobacter antarcticus is a Gram-negative, aerobic, halotolerant, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from Antarctic sediments.

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Marinobacter arcticus

Marinobacter arcticus is a bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter.

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Marinobacter aromaticivorans

Marinobacter aromaticivorans is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and slightly halotolerant bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from sediments from the South China Sea.

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Marinobacter bryozoorum

Marinobacter bryozoorum is a marine, Gram-negative, aerobic and halophilic bacteria with type strain KMM 3840T (.

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Marinobacter daepoensis

Marinobacter daepoensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, slightly halophilic and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from sea water from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

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Marinobacter daqiaonensis

Marinobacter daqiaonensis is a Gram-negative and moderately halophilic bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from sediments of the Daqiao saltern in Qingdao.

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Marinobacter excellens

Marinobacter excellens is a Gram-negative and halophilic bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from sediments from the Chazhma Bay from the East Sea (Sea of Japan).

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Marinobacter flavimaris

Marinobacter flavimaris is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, slightly halophilic and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from sea water from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

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Marinobacter gudaonensis

Marinobacter gudaonensis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from saline soil which was contaminated with oil from the Shengli Oil Field in China.

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Marinobacter guineae

Marinobacter guineae is a Gram-negative, aerobic and moderately halophilic bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from the South Shetland Islands from the Antarctica.

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Marinobacter halophilus

Marinobacter halophilus is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and halophilic bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from the Xiaochaidan Lake in the Qaidam Basin in China.

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Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus

Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus is a species of Proteobacteria found in sea water which are able to degrade hydrocarbons.

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Marinobacter koreensis

Marinobacter koreensis is a Gram-negative, straight-rod-shaped, aerobic and moderately halophilic bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from sea sand from Pohang in Korea.

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Marinobacter lacisalsi

Marinobacter lacisalsi is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic and moderately halophilic bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from the lake from Fuente de Piedra in Spain.

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Marinobacter lipolyticus

Marinobacter lipolyticus is a moderate halophile with lipolytic activity.

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Marinobacter litoralis

Marinobacter litoralis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, moderately halophilic and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from sea water from the East Sea in Korea.

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Marinobacter lutaoensis

Marinobacter lutaoensis is a Gram-negative, heterotrophic, thermotolerant, strictly aerobic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from a hot spring from the coast of Lutao in Taiwan.

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Marinobacter maritimus

Marinobacter maritimus is a Gram-negative, psychrotolerant and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from sea water near the Kerguelen islands.

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Marinobacter mobilis

Marinobacter mobilis is a Gram-negative, halophilic, aerobic and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from sediments from the East China Sea.

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Marinobacter nanhaiticus

Marinobacter nanhaiticus is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and slightly halophilic bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from sediments from the South China Sea.

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Marinobacter nitratireducens

Marinobacter nitratireducens is a Gram-negative, halophilic rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from coastal sea water from Visakhapatnam in India.

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Marinobacter oulmenensis

Marinobacter oulmenensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic and moderately halophilic bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from brine from Sabkha in Ain Oulmene in Algeria.

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Marinobacter pelagius

Marinobacter pelagius is a Gram-negative, aerobic, moderately halophilic and neutrophilic bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from seawater around Zhoushan in China.

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Marinobacter persicus

Marinobacter persicus is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic and moderately halophilic bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from the Aran-Bidgol Lake from the central desert of Iran.

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Marinobacter psychrophilus

Marinobacter psychrophilus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, psychrophilic and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from sea-ice of the Canadian Basin.

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Marinobacter salarius

Marinobacter salarius is a Gram-negative and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from sea water from the Chazhma Bay from the Sea of Japan.

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Marinobacter salicampi

Marinobacter salicampi is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

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Marinobacter salsuginis

Marinobacter salsuginis is a Gram-negative and moderately halophilic bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from seawater from the Shaban Deep from the Red Sea.

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Marinobacter santoriniensis

Marinobacter santoriniensis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from hydrothermal sediments in Santorini in Greece.

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Marinobacter sediminum

Marinobacter sediminum is a marine, Gram-negative, aerobic and halophilic bacteria with type strain KMM 3657T (.

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Marinobacter segnicrescens

Marinobacter segnicrescens is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, ellipsoid-shaped, moderately halophilic and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from sediments from the South China Sea.

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Marinobacter shengliensis

Marinobacter shengliensis is a Gram-negative, moderately halophilic, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter with a single polar flagellum, which has been isolated from saline soil which was contaminated with oil from the Shengli Oilfield in China.

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Marinobacter similis

Marinobacter similis is a Gram-negative and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from seawater.

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Marinobacter squalenivorans

Marinobacter squalenivorans is a bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which can metabolize shark oil.

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Marinobacter szutsaonensis

Marinobacter szutsaonensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from the saltern of Szutsao in Taiwan.

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Marinobacter vinifirmus

Marinobacter vinifirmus is a Gram-negative, moderately halophilic, non-spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from wine-barrel-decalcification wastewater in France.

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Marinobacter xestospongiae

Marinobacter xestospongiae is a Gram-negative, slightly halophilic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from the sponge Xestospongia testudinaria from the sea coast of Saudi Arabia.

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Marinobacter zhanjiangensis

Marinobacter zhanjiangensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from tidal flat from the water from the South China Sea near the Naozhou Island in China.

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Marinobacter zhejiangensis

Marinobacter zhejiangensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, halophilic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Marinobacter which has been isolated from sediments from the East China Sea.

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Marinobacterium

Marinobacterium is a genus of Proteobacteria found in sea water.

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Marinobacterium georgiense

Marinobacterium georgiense is a Gram-negative bacterium.

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Marinobacterium halophilum

Marinobacterium halophilum is a Gram-negative bacterium.

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Marinobacterium jannaschii

Marinobacterium jannaschii is a Gram-negative bacterium.

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Marinobacterium stanieri

Marinobacterium stanieri is a Gram-negative bacterium found in sea water.

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Marinosulfonomonas

In taxonomy, Marinosulfonomonas is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Marinovum

In taxonomy, Marinovum is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Mariprofundus ferrooxydans

Mariprofundus ferrooxydans is a neutrophilic, chemolithotrophic, Gram-negative bacterium which can grow by oxidising ferrous to ferric iron.

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Maritalea

Maritalea is a genus of Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacteria with peritrichous flagella from the family of Hyphomicrobiaceae.

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Maritalea mobilis

Maritalea mobilis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Maritalea with a single polar flagellum, which was isolated from coastal seawater in Tianjin in China.

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Maritalea myrionectae

Maritalea myrionectae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus of Maritalea which was isolated from the protist Myrionecta rubra in Kunsan in the Republic of Korea.

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Maritalea porphyrae

Maritalea porphyrae is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacterium from the genus of Maritalea which was isolated from the alga Porphyra yezoensis.

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Maritimibacter

In taxonomy, Maritimibacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Marivirga

Marivirga is a genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae.

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Marivirga atlantica

Marivirga atlantica is a Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Marivirga which has been isolated from seawater from the Atlantic Ocean.

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Marivirga lumbricoides

Marivirga lumbricoides is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and heterotrophic bacterium from the genus of Marivirga which has been isolated from water from the South China Sea.

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Marivirga sericea

Marivirga sericea is a bacterium from the genus of Marivirga which has been isolated from marine aquarium outflow in the United States.

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Marivirga tractuosa

Marivirga tractuosa is a bacterium from the genus of Marivirga which has been isolated from beach sand from the South China Sea in Nhatrang in Vietnam.

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Mark Wheelis

Mark L. Wheelis is an American microbiologist.

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Maroilles cheese

Maroilles (pronounced mar wahl, also known as Marolles) is a cow's-milk cheese made in the regions of Picardy and Nord-Pas-de-Calais in northern France.

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Marpolia

Marpolia has been interpreted as a cyanobacterium, but also resembles the modern cladophoran green algae.

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Mars landing

A Mars landing is a landing of a spacecraft on the surface of Mars.

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Mars to Stay

Mars to Stay missions propose astronauts sent to Mars for the first time should intend to stay.

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Marseillevirus

Marseillevirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Marseilleviridae.

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Martelella

Martelella is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria from the family of Aurantimonadaceae.

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Martelella endophytica

Martelella endophytica is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacteria from the genus of Martelella which was isolated from the plant Rosa rugosa on the Namhae Island in Korea.

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Martelella mediterranea

Martelella mediterranea is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacteria from the genus of Martelella which was isolated from water sample from the Lake Martel on Mallorca in Spain.

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Martha Chase

Martha Cowles Chase (November 30, 1927 – August 8, 2003), also known as Martha C. Epstein, was an American geneticist known for having in 1952, with Alfred Hershey, experimentally helped to confirm that DNA rather than protein is the genetic material of life.

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Martian (The War of the Worlds)

The Martians, also known as the Invaders, are the fictional race of extraterrestrials from the H.G. Wells novel The War of the Worlds.

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Martian meteorite

A Martian meteorite is a rock that formed on the planet Mars and was then ejected from Mars by the impact of an asteroid or comet, and finally landed on the Earth.

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Martinus Beijerinck

No description.

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Mary K. Bryan

Mary Katherine Bryan (1877 – 1962) was an American botanist and phytopathologist.

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Mary K. Firestone

Mary K. Firestone is a professor of soil microbiology in the Department of Environmental Studies, Policy, and Management at the University of California, Berkeley and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

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Massilia (bacterium)

Massilia is a genus of bacteria in the Oxalobacteraceae family.

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Massilia aerilata

Massilia aerilata is an aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium from the genus Massilia and the family Oxalobacteraceae which was isolated from air samples in the Suwon region of the Republic of Korea.

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Massilia albidiflava

Massilia albidiflava is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, oxidase and catalase positive, nonspore-forming motile bacterium from the genus Massilia and the family Oxalobacteraceae which was isolated with Massilia dura, Massilia plicata, and Massilia lutea from soil samples in southeast China.

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Massilia alkalitolerans

Massilia alkalitolerans is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming bacterium from the genus Massilia and the family Oxalobacteraceae.

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Massilia aurea

Massilia aurea is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped nonspore-forming motile and strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus Massilia and family Oxalobacteraceae.

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Massilia brevitalea

Massilia brevitalea is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic nonspore-forming short rods bacterium from the genus Massilia and family Oxalobacteraceae, which was isolated from lysimeter soil.

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Massilia cf. timonae

Massilia cf.

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Massilia consociata

Massilia consociata is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Massilia and family Oxalobacteraceae, which was isolated from a human clinical specimen.

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Massilia dura

Massilia dura is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming bacterium from the genus Massilia and family Oxalobacteraceae, which was isolated with Massilia albidiflava, Massilia plicata, and Massilia lutea from soil samples collected from southeast China.

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Massilia haematophila

Massilia haematophila is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming bacterium from the genus Massilia and family Oxalobacteraceae, which was isolated from a human clinical specimen.

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Massilia jejuensis

Massilia jejuensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile bacterium with a single flagellum from the genus Massilia and family Oxalobacteraceae, which was isolated with Naxibacter suwonensis from air samples in the Jeju Island and Suwon region of Korea.

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Massilia kyonggiensis

Massilia kyonggiensis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Massilia which has been isolated from the surface of a soil sample from a forest in Suwon in Korea.

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Massilia lurida

Massilia lurida is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus Massilia which has been isolated from soil from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China.

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Massilia lutea

Massilia lutea is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, short rod-shaped, motile bacterium with a peritrichous flagellum from the genus Massilia and family Oxalobacteraceae.

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Massilia niabensis

Massilia niabensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Massilia and family Oxalobacteraceae, which was isolated with Massilia niastensis from air samples from Suwon in Korea.

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Massilia niastensis

Massilia niastensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod -shaped bacterium from the genus Massilia and family Oxalobacteraceae, which was isolated with Massilia niabensis from air samples from Suwon in Korea.

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Massilia oculi

Massilia oculi is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming bacterium from the genus Massilia and family Oxalobacteraceae, which was isolated from a patient suffering from endophthalmitis.

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Massilia plicata

Massilia plicata is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming, motile bacterium from the genus Massilia and family Oxalobacteraceae, which was isolated with Massilia dura, Massilia albidiflava, and Massilia lutea from soils in China.

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Massilia putida

Massilia putida is a Gram-negative and motile bacterium from the genus Massilia witha a single polar flagellum, which has been isolated from a wolfram mine in Dayu County in the Jiangxi Province in China.

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Massilia suwonensis

Massilia suwonensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium from the genus Massilia and family Oxalobacteraceae, which were isolated from air samples in the Jeju Island and Suwon region in Korea.

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Massilia tieshanensis

Massilia tieshanensis is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming rod-shaped, motile bacterium from the genus Massilia and family Oxalobacteraceae, which was isolated from a metal mine soil in Tieshan District in central China.

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Massilia timonae

Massilia timonae is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shapedbacterium from the genus Massilia and family Oxalobacteraceae, which was isolated from human patients.

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Massilia varians

Massilia varians is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Massilia and family Oxalobacteraceae.

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Massilia yuzhufengensis

Massilia yuzhufengensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and motile bacterium from the genus Massilia with a polar flagella which has been isolated from the Yuzhufeng Glacier from the Tibetan Plateau in China.

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Mastitis in dairy cattle

Bovine mastitis is the persistent, inflammatory reaction of the udder tissue due to physical trauma or microorganisms infections.

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Mat

A mat is a piece of fabric material that generally is placed on a floor or other flat surface.

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Mating

In biology, mating (or mateing in British English) is the pairing of either opposite-sex or hermaphroditic organisms, usually for the purposes of sexual reproduction.

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Mating system

A mating system is a way in which a group is structured in relation to sexual behaviour.

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Matrix (biology)

In biology, matrix (plural: matrices) is the material (or tissue) in animal or plant cells, in which more specialized structures are embedded, and a specific part of the mitochondrion.

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Max Delbrück

Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück (September 4, 1906 – March 9, 1981), a German–American biophysicist, helped launch the molecular biology research program in the late 1930s.

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Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology

The Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology (Max-Planck-Institut für terrestrische Mikrobiologie) is a research institute for terrestrial microbiology in Marburg, Germany.

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Max von Gruber

Max von Gruber (6 July 1853, Vienna – 16 September 1927, Berchtesgaden) was an Austrian scientist.

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Max Wolff (physician)

Max Wolff (6 May 1844 – 25 June 1923) was a German physician who was a native of Potsdam.

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Maxicell

Maxicell is a system developed by Sancar et al.

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May 2

No description.

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MBOAT

The MBOAT (membrane bound O-acyl transferase) family of membrane proteins is a family of various acyltransferase enzymes.

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MC21-A

MC21-A (bromophene) is an antibiotic isolated from the O-BC30 strain of a marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas phenolica.

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MC21-B

MC21-B is an antibiotic isolated from the O-BC30T strain of a marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas phenolica.

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McCutcheon index

The McCutcheon index or chemotactic ratio is the ratio of the net displacement of a bacterium to the length of its actual path.

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McFarland standards

In microbiology, McFarland standards are used as a reference to adjust the turbidity of bacterial suspensions so that the number of bacteria will be within a given range to standardize microbial testing.

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McMurdo Dry Valleys

The McMurdo Dry Valleys are a row of snow-free valleys in Antarctica located within Victoria Land west of McMurdo Sound.

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McMurray Formation

The McMurray Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Early Cretaceous age (late Barremian to Aptian stage) of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in northeastern Alberta.

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Mead

Mead (archaic and dialectal meath or meathe, from Old English medu) is an alcoholic beverage created by fermenting honey with water, sometimes with various fruits, spices, grains, or hops.

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Meat

Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.

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Meat spoilage

The spoilage of meat occurs, if the meat is untreated, in a matter of hours or days and results in the meat becoming unappetizing, poisonous or infectious.

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MecA (gene)

The mecA gene is a gene found in bacterial cells which allows a bacterium to be resistant to antibiotics such as methicillin, penicillin and other penicillin-like antibiotics. The most commonly known carrier of the mecA gene is the bacterium known as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

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Mechanism of action of aspirin

Aspirin causes several different effects in the body, mainly the reduction of inflammation, analgesia (relief of pain), the prevention of clotting, and the reduction of fever.

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Mechercharimyces

Mechercharimyces is a Gram-positive and chemoorganotroph bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.

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Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens

Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens is a bacterium from the genus of Mechercharimyces which has been isolated from sediments from Palau.

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Mechercharimyces mesophilus

Mechercharimyces mesophilus is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Mechercharimyces which has been isolated from sediments from the Jellyfish Lake in Palau.

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Mediastinum

The mediastinum (from Medieval Latin mediastinus, "midway") is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity surrounded by loose connective tissue, as an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the thorax.

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Medicago lupulina

Medicago lupulina, commonly known as black medick, nonesuch, or hop clover, is a familiar lawn plant belonging to the legume or clover family.

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Medical microbiology

Medical microbiology, the large subset of microbiology that is applied to medicine, is a branch of medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.

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Medical treatment during spaceflight

It is inevitable that medical conditions of varying complexity, severity and emergency will occur during spaceflight missions with human participants.

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Medicine

Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.

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Medieval medicine of Western Europe

Medieval medicine in Western Europe was composed of a mixture of existing ideas from antiquity, spiritual influences and what Claude Lévi-Strauss identifies as the "shamanistic complex" and "social consensus." In the Early Middle Ages, following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, standard medical knowledge was based chiefly upon surviving Greek and Roman texts, preserved in monasteries and elsewhere.

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Medisafe International

Medisafe International is a United Kingdom-based company that develops and manufactures products in the field of surgical instrument reprocessing.

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Mediterranean flour moth

The Mediterranean flour moth or mill moth (Ephestia kuehniella) is a moth of the family Pyralidae.

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Mega Borg Oil Spill

The Mega Borg Oil Spill occurred in the Gulf of Mexico on June 8, 1990, roughly 50 miles off the coast of Texas, when the oil tanker Mega Borg caught on fire and exploded.

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Megamonas

Megamonas is a genus of Firmicutes bacteria classified within the class Negativicutes.

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Meganema

Meganema is a genus of bacteria.

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Meganema perideroedes

Meganema perideroedes is a filamentous bacterium from the genus of Meganema which has been isolated from activated bulking sludge from industrial wastewater in Grindsted in Denmark.

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Megasphaera

Megasphaera is a genus of Firmicutes bacteria classified within the class Negativicutes.

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Meinhard Michael Moser

Meinhard Michael Moser (13 March 1924 – 30 September 2002) was an Austrian mycologist.

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Meinhard von Pfaundler

Meinhard von Pfaundler (name sometimes given as Meinhard Pfaundler von Hadermur); (7 June 1872 – 20 June 1947) was an Austrian pediatrician born in Innsbruck.

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Meiosis

Meiosis (from Greek μείωσις, meiosis, which means lessening) is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them.

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Meiothermus

Meiothermus is a genus of Deinococcus–Thermus bacteria.

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Meiothermus timidus

Meiothermus timidus is a species of Deinococcus–Thermus yellow-pigmented bacteria.

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Melghirimyces

Melghirimyces is a bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.

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Melghirimyces algeriensis

Melghirimyces algeriensis is a Gram-positive, halotolerant, thermotolerant and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Melghirimyces which has been isolated from the salt lake Chott Melrhir in Algeria.

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Melghirimyces profundicolus

Melghirimyces profundicolus is a bacterium from the genus of Melghirimyces which has been isolated from deep-sea sediments from the Indian Ocean.

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Melghirimyces thermohalophilus

Melghirimyces thermohalophilus is a Gram-positive, halophilic, thermotolerant and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Melghirimyces which has been isolated from the salt lake Chott Melghir in Algeria.

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Melioidosis

Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by a Gram-negative bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, found in soil and water.

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Membrane fouling

Membrane fouling is a process whereby a solution or a particle is deposited on a membrane surface or in membrane pores in a processes such as in a membrane bioreactor, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, membrane distillation, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, or nanofiltration so that the membrane's performance is degraded.

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Membrane technology

Membrane technology covers all engineering approaches for the transport of substances between two fractions with the help of permeable membranes.

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Membrane vesicle trafficking

Membrane vesicle trafficking in eukaryotic animal cells involves movement of important biochemical signal molecules from synthesis-and-packaging locations in the Golgi body to specific 'release' locations on the inside of the plasma membrane of the secretory cell, in the form of Golgi membrane-bound micro-sized vesicles, termed membrane vesicles (MVs).

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Membranipora membranacea

Membranipora membranacea is a very widely distributed species of marine bryozoan known from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, usually in temperate zone environments.

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Memory T cell

Memory T cells are a subset of infection- and cancer-fighting T cells (also known as a T lymphocyte) that have previously encountered and responded to their cognate antigen; thus, the term antigen-experienced T cell is often applied.

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MenAfriVac

MenAfriVac is a vaccine developed for use in sub-Saharan Africa for children and adults between 9 months and 29 years of age against meningococcal bacterium Neisseria meningitidis group A. The vaccine costs less than US$0.50 per dose.

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Mendel Polar Station

Mendel Polar Station is a Czech research station in Antarctica on the coast of James Ross Island.

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Meninges

The meninges (singular: meninx, from membrane, adjectival: meningeal) are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord.

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Meningitis

Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges.

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Meningoencephalitis

Meningoencephalitis (from Greek μῆνιγξ meninx, "membrane", ἐγκέφαλος, enképhalos "brain", and the medical suffix -itis, "inflammation") is a medical condition that simultaneously resembles both meningitis, which is an infection or inflammation of the meninges, and encephalitis, which is an infection or inflammation of the brain.

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Menstrual cup

A menstrual cup is a feminine hygiene product that is inserted into the vagina during menstruation.

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MeNZB

MeNZB was a vaccine against a specific strain of group B meningococcus, used to control an epidemic of meningococcal disease in New Zealand.

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Meoma ventricosa

Meoma ventricosa, known by the common names cake urchin and red heart urchin, is a large species of sea urchin which lives in shallow waters in the Caribbean.

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Mercury(II) reductase

Mercury(II) reductase, commonly known as MerA, is an oxidoreductase enzyme and flavoprotein that catalyzes the reduction of Hg2+ to Hg0.

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Merismopedia

Merismopedia (from the Greek merismos and the Greek pedion) is a genus of cyanobacteria found in fresh and salt water.

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Merismopediaceae

The Merismopediaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Mesophile

A mesophile is an organism that grows best in moderate temperature, neither too hot nor too cold, typically between.

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Mesoplasma

Mesoplasma is a genus of bacteria belonging to the class Mollicutes.

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Mesoplasma florum riboswitch

Riboswitches are cis-acting regulatory elements located within the 5’UTR of mRNA transcripts.

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Mesorhizobium

Mesorhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria.

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Mesorhizobium abyssinicae

Mesorhizobium abyssinicae is a bacterium from the genus of Mesorhizobium which was isolated from root nodules of agroforestry legume trees in southern Ethiopia.

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Mesorhizobium albiziae

Mesorhizobium albiziae is a bacterium from the genus of Mesorhizobium which was isolated from a subtropical region in China.

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Mesorhizobium alhagi

Mesorhizobium alhagi is a gram-negative, aerobic non-spore-forming, motile bacteria from the genus of Mesorhizobium which was isolated from wild Alhagi sparsifolia in north-western China.

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Mesorhizobium amorphae

Mesorhizobium amorphae is a species of root nodule bacteria first isolated from Amorpha fruticosa species in China.

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Mesorhizobium australicum

Mesorhizobium australicum is a gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Mesorhizobium which was isolated from nodules on Biserrula pelecinus Leguminosae in Australia.

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Mesorhizobium camelthorni

Mesorhizobium camelthorni is a gram-negative aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile bacteria from the genus of Mesorhizobium which was isolated from Alhagi sparsifolia in Alaer in the Xinjiang Province in China.

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Mesorhizobium caraganae

Mesorhizobium caraganae is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile bacteria from the genus of Mesorhizobium which was isolated from root nodules of Caragana microphyllain in the Beipiao City in the Liaoning Province in China.

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Mesorhizobium chacoense

Mesorhizobium chacoense is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile bacteria from the genus of Mesorhizobium which was isolated from root nodules of Prosopis alba in the Chaco Arido region in Argentina.

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Mesorhizobium ciceri

Mesorhizobium ciceri is a gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing motile bacteria from the genus of Mesorhizobium which was isolated from Chickpea nodules of Cicer arietinum in Spain.

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Mesorhizobium gobiense

Mesorhizobium gobiense is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Mesorhizobium which was isolated from desert soils in the Xinjiang region in China.

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Mesorhizobium hawassense

Mesorhizobium hawassense is a bacterium from the genus of Mesorhizobium which was isolated from root nodules.

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Mesorhizobium huakuii

Mesorhizobium huakuii is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from the legume Astragalus sinicus in Nanjing in China.

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Mesorhizobium loti

Mesorhizobium loti, formerly known as Rhizobium loti, is a Gram negative species of bacteria found in the root nodules of many plant species.

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Mesorhizobium mediterraneum

Mesorhizobium mediterraneum is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from root nodule from Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Spain.

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Mesorhizobium metallidurans

Mesorhizobium metallidurans is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from root nodules of Anthyllis vulneraria in the spoil heaps from the heavy metal enriched Laurent le Minier located in the Languedoc in France.

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Mesorhizobium muleiense

Mesorhizobium muleiense is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from Cicer arietinum in Xinjiang in China.

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Mesorhizobium opportunistum

Mesorhizobium opportunistum is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from Biserrula pelecinus leguminosae in Australia.

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Mesorhizobium plurifarium

Mesorhizobium plurifarium is a species of root nodule bacteria first isolated from Acacia species in Senegal.

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Mesorhizobium qingshengii

Mesorhizobium qingshengii is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from root nodules of Astragalus sinicus in the southeast of China.

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Mesorhizobium robiniae

Mesorhizobium robiniae is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming motile bacteria from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from root nodule of Robinia pseudoacacia which was found in Yangling in the Shaanxi province in China.

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Mesorhizobium sangaii

Mesorhizobium sangaii is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from root nodules of Astragalus luteolus and Astragalus ernestii in the Sichuan Province in China.

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Mesorhizobium septentrionale

Mesorhizobium septentrionale is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from Astragalus adsurgens in China.

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Mesorhizobium shangrilense

Mesorhizobium shangrilense is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from root nodules of Caragana bicolor which were found in Deqin City in the Yunnan Province in China.

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Mesorhizobium shonense

Mesorhizobium shonense is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated in southern Ethiopia.

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Mesorhizobium silamurunense

Mesorhizobium silamurunense is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated in China.

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Mesorhizobium tamadayense

Mesorhizobium tamadayense is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium.

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Mesorhizobium tarimense

Mesorhizobium tarimense is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from wild growing legumes which were collected from soils of Xinjiang in China.

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Mesorhizobium temperatum

Mesorhizobium temperatum is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from Astragalus adsurgens which were found in northern regions of China.

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Mesorhizobium thiogangeticum

Mesorhizobium thiogangeticum is a gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming rod-shaped bacteria from the genus Mesorhizobium which was isolated from soil near the roots of Clitoria ternatea from a Gangetic plains in India.

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Mesorhizobium tianshanense

Mesorhizobium tianshanense, formerly known as Rhizobium tianshanense, is a Gram negative species of bacteria found in the root nodules of many plant species.

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Mesosome

Mesosomes or chondrioids are folded invaginations in the plasma membrane of bacteria that are produced by the chemical fixation techniques used to prepare samples for electron microscopy.

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Messenger RNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.

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Metabacterium

Metabacterium polyspora is an unusual multiple endospore-producing bacterium isolated from the cecum of guinea pigs.

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Metabolism

Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.

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Metacaspase

Metacaspases are members of the C14 class of cysteine proteases and thus related to caspases, orthocaspases and paracaspases.

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Metagenomics

Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples.

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Metallogenium

Metallogenium is a proposed genus of bacteria that has an affinity to form star-shaped manganese oxide minerals.

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Metalloprotein

Metalloprotein is a generic term for a protein that contains a metal ion cofactor.

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Metapleural gland

Metapleural glands (also called metasternal or metathoracic glands) are secretory glands that are unique to ants and basal in the evolutionary history of ants.

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Methane

Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen).

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Methane monooxygenase

Methane monooxygenase, or MMO, is an enzyme capable of oxidizing the C-H bond in methane as well as other alkanes.

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Methanobrevibacter smithii

Methanobrevibacter smithii is the predominant archaeon in the human gut.

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Methanogen

Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions.

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Methanogenesis

Methanogenesis or biomethanation is the formation of methane by microbes known as methanogens.

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Methanohalophilus mahii

Methanohalophilus mahii (also known as Mhp. mahii) is an obligately anaerobic, methylotrophic, methanogenic cocci-shaped archaeon of the genus Methanohalophilus that can be found in high salinity aquatic environments.

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Methanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)

Methanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c) (methanol dehydrogenase, MDH) is an enzyme with systematic name methanol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase.

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Methanosarcinales S-layer Tile Protein

The Methanosarcinales S-layer Tile Protein (MSTP) is a protein family found almost exclusively in Methanomicrobia members of the order Methanosarcinales.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) refers to a group of gram-positive bacteria that are genetically distinct from other strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

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Methionine

Methionine (symbol Met or M) is an essential amino acid in humans.

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Methods to investigate protein–protein interactions

There are many methods to investigate protein–protein interactions.

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Methyl red

Methyl red (2-(N,N-dimethyl-4-aminophenyl) azobenzenecarboxylic acid), also called C.I. Acid Red 2, is an indicator dye that turns red in acidic solutions.

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Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein

Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP) is a transmembrane sensor protein of bacteria.

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Methylarcula

In taxonomy, Methylarcula is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Methylchloroisothiazolinone

Methylchloroisothiazolinone, also referred to as MCI, is a preservative with antibacterial and antifungal effects within the group of isothiazolinones.

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Methylcobalamin

Methylcobalamin (mecobalamin, MeCbl, or MeB) is a cobalamin, a form of 12.

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Methylibium petroleiphilum

Methylibium petroleiphilum is a species of methyl tert-butyl ether-degrading methylotroph, the type species of its genus.

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Methylmercury

Methylmercury (sometimes methyl mercury) is an organometallic cation with the formula.

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Methylobacillus

Methylobacillus is a genus of Gram-negative methylotrophic bacteria.

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Methylobacillus flagellatus

Methylobacillus flagellatus is a species of aerobic bacteria.

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Methylobacillus glycogenes

Methylobacillus glycogenes is a Gram-negative methylotrophic bacteria that can only grow on methanol or methylamine, but under nitrogen-limiting conditions synthesizes glycogen as an internal reserve material.

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Methylobacillus pratensis

Methylobacillus pratensis is a Gram-negative methylotrophic bacteria with was isolated from a meadow grass sampled from the city park in Helsinki.

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Methylobacter tundripaludum

Methylobacter tundripaludum is a methane-oxidizing bacterium.

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Methylobacteriaceae

The Methylobacteriaceae are a family of Rhizobiales.

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Methylobacterium

The Methylobacteria are a genus of Rhizobiales.

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Methylobacterium adhaesivum

Methylobacterium adhaesivum is a Gram-negative, methylotrophic, non-spore-forming strictly aerobic and motile bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from drinking water in Seville in Spain.

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Methylobacterium aerolatum

Methylobacterium aerolatum is a and motile bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from an air sample in Suwon in Korea.

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Methylobacterium aminovorans

Methylobacterium aminovorans is a bacterium from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from soil.

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Methylobacterium aquaticum

Methylobacterium aquaticum is a bacterium from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from drinking water in Seville in Spain.

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Methylobacterium brachiatum

Methylobacterium brachiatum is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from water from food processing factories in Japan.

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Methylobacterium brachythecii

Methylobacterium brachythecii is a facultatively methylotrophic bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from the moss Brachythecium plumosum in Japan.

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Methylobacterium bullatum

Methylobacterium bullatum is a Gram-negative, facultatively methylotrophic, strictly aerobic and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from the moss Funaria hygrometrica in the Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe near Kassel in Germany.

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Methylobacterium cerastii

Methylobacterium cerastii is a Gram-negative and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from the surface of a leaf from the plant Cerastium holosteoides in Thüringen in Germany.

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Methylobacterium dankookense

Methylobacterium dankookense is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from drinking water in Cheonan in Korea.

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Methylobacterium extorquens

Methylobacterium extorquens is a Gram-negative bacterium.

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Methylobacterium fujisawaense

Methylobacterium fujisawaense is a facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria.

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Methylobacterium gnaphalii

Methylobacterium gnaphalii is a Gram-negative, motile and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from leaves from the plant Gnaphalium spicatum in Okayama in Japan.

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Methylobacterium goesingense

Methylobacterium goesingense is a bacterium from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from the endospores from the plant Thlapi goesingense in Austria.

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Methylobacterium gossipiicola

Methylobacterium gossipiicola is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from cotton in Coimbatore in India.

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Methylobacterium gregans

Methylobacterium gregans is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from water samples from food factories in Japan.

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Methylobacterium haplocladii

Methylobacterium haplocladii is a Gram-negative and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from the moss Haplocladium microphyllum in Japan.

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Methylobacterium hispanicum

Methylobacterium hispanicum is a bacterium from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from drinking water in Seville in Spain.

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Methylobacterium iners

Methylobacterium iners is a bacterium from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from an air sample in Suwon in Korea.

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Methylobacterium isbiliense

Methylobacterium isbiliense is a bacterium from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from drinking water in Sevilla in Spain.

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Methylobacterium jeotgali

Methylobacterium jeotgali is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from fermented seafood jeotgal in Korea.

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Methylobacterium komagatae

Methylobacterium komagatae is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from water from a food factory in Japan.

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Methylobacterium longum

Methylobacterium longum is a facultative methylotrophy bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from the phyllosphere from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana in Spain.

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Methylobacterium marchantiae

Methylobacterium marchantiae is a facultatively methylotrophic facultative methylotrophy bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from the moos Marchantia polymorpha in Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe near Kassel in Germany.

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Methylobacterium mesophilicum

Methylobacterium mesophilicum is a Gram-negative, soil-dwelling bacterium, reported to be an opportunistic pathogen in immunocomprimised patients.

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Methylobacterium nodulans

Methylobacterium nodulans is an aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic, legume root nodule-forming and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

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Methylobacterium organophilum

Methylobacterium organophilum is a facultatively methylotrophic bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which was isolated from sediments from the Lake Mendota in Madison in the United States.

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Methylobacterium oryzae

Methylobacterium oryzae is a facultatively methylotrophic and aerobic bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from tissues of the rice plant Oryza sativa in Cheongwon in Korea.

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Methylobacterium oxalidis

Methylobacterium oxalidis is a Gram-negative, facultatively methylotrophic, non-spore-forming and motile bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from the leaves of the plant Oxalis corniculata in Japan.

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Methylobacterium persicinum

Methylobacterium persicinum is a Gram-negative, facultatively methylotrophic, strictly aerobic and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from water from a food factory in Japan.

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Methylobacterium phyllosphaerae

Methylobacterium persicinum is a facultatively methylotrophic and aerobic bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from the rice plant Oryza sativa in Iksan in Korea.

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Methylobacterium phyllostachyos

Methylobacterium phyllostachyos is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic and facultatively methylotrophic bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from the surface of a bamboo leaf.

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Methylobacterium platani

Methylobacterium platani is a Gram-negative, aerobic and motile bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from the tree Platanus orientalis.

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Methylobacterium podarium

Methylobacterium podarium is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from a human foot in the United Kingdom.

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Methylobacterium populi

Methylobacterium populi is an aerobic, pink-pigmented, facultatively methylotrophic, methane-utilizing bacterium isolated from poplar trees (Populus deltoides, hence its name).

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Methylobacterium pseudosasicola

Methylobacterium pseudosasicola is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming strictly aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic and motile bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated together with Methylobacterium phyllostachyos from the surface of a bamboo leaf.

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Methylobacterium radiotolerans

Methylobacterium radiotolerans is a radiation tolerating Gram-negative bacterium.

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Methylobacterium rhodesianum

Methylobacterium rhodesianum is a bacterium.

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Methylobacterium rhodinum

Methylobacterium rhodinum is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.

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Methylobacterium salsuginis

Methylobacterium salsuginis is a facultatively methylotrophic bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from seawater.

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Methylobacterium soli

Methylobacterium soli is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from forest soil in the Sichuan Province in China.

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Methylobacterium suomiense

Methylobacterium suomiense is a facultatively methylotrophic and aerobic bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from forest soil in Finland.

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Methylobacterium tardum

Methylobacterium tardum is a bacterium from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from water from a food factory in Japan.

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Methylobacterium tarhaniae

Methylobacterium tarhaniae is a Gram-negative, aerobic and facultatively methylotrophic bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from arid soil in Abuja in Nigeria.

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Methylobacterium thiocyanatum

Methylobacterium thiocyanatum is a facultative methylotroph bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from soil around the plant Allium aflatunense in Warwickshire in the United Kingdom.

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Methylobacterium thuringiense

Methylobacterium thuringiense is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium.

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Methylobacterium trifolii

Methylobacterium trifolii is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Methylobacterium.

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Methylobacterium variabile

Methylobacterium variabile is a bacterium from the genus of Methylobacterium which has been isolated from drinking water in Spain.

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Methylobacterium zatmanii

Methylobacterium zatmanii is a bacterium.

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Methylobacterium-1 RNA motif

The Methylobacterium-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure discovered using bioinformatics.

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Methylocapsa

Methylocapsa is a genus of bacteria from the family of Beijerinckiaceae.

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Methylocapsa acidiphila

Methylocapsa acidiphila is a bacterium.

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Methylocapsa aurea

Methylocapsa aurea is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile bacteria from the genus of Methylocapsa which was isolated from forest soil in Germany.

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Methylocella

Methylocella is a genus of bacteria from the family of Beijerinckiaceae.

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Methylocella palustris

Methylocella palustris is a species of bacterium.

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Methylocella silvestris

Methylocella silvestris is a bacterium.

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Methylocella tundrae

Methylocella tundrae is a species of bacterium.

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Methylococcaceae

The Methylococcaceae are a family of bacteria that obtain their carbon and energy from methane, called methanotrophs.

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Methylococcus capsulatus

Methylococcus capsulatus is an obligately methanotrophic gram-negative, non-motile coccoid bacterium.

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Methylocystaceae

The Methylocystaceae are a family of bacteria that are capable of obtaining carbon and energy from methane.

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Methylocystis

Methylocystis is a genus of bacteria from the family of Methylocystaceae.

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Methylocystis bryophila

Methylocystis bryophila is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methanotrophic and non-motile bacterium species from the genus of Methylocystis which has been isolated from Sphagnum peat from the Großer Teufelssee in Germany.

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Methylocystis echinoides

Methylocystis echinoides is a bacterium species from the genus of Methylocystis.

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Methylocystis heyeri

Methylocystis heyeri is a Gram-negative, aerobic, methanotrophic and non-motile bacterium species from the genus of Methylocystis which has been isolated from Sphagnum peat in the Großer Teufelssee in Germany.

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Methylocystis hirsuta

Methylocystis hirsuta is a Gram-negative, aerobic and methanotroph bacterium species from the genus of Methylocystis which has been isolated from a groundwater aquifer from Mountain View in California in the United States.

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Methylocystis parvus

Methylocystis parvus is a methylotroph (methane oxidizing) bacterium species from the genus of Methylocystis.

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Methylocystis rosea

Methylocystis rosea is a methanotrophic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium species from the genus of Methylocystis which has been isolated from arctic wetland soil on the Svalbard Islands in Norway.

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Methyloferula

Methyloferula is a Gram-negative, mesophilic, psychrotolerant, aerobic and colorless genus of bacteria from the family of Beijerinckiaceae.

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Methyloferula stellata

Methyloferula stellata is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Methyloferula which has been isolated from acidic peat soil from Arkhangelsk in Russia.

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Methylohalobius

Methylohalobius is a bacterial genus from the family of Methylococcaceae.

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Methylohalobius crimeensis

Methylohalobius crimeensis is a moderately halophilic, methanotrophic bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Methylomonas

Methylomonas is a genus of bacteria that obtain their carbon and energy from methane, a metabolic process called methanotrophy.

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Methylomonas methanica

Methylomonas methanica is a Gram-negative bacterium that obtains its carbon and energy from methane, a metabolic process called methanotrophy.

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Methylomonas scandinavica

Methylomonas scandinavica is a species of Gram-negative gammaproteobacteria found in deep igneous rock ground water in Sweden.

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Methylophaga

The genus Methylophaga consists of halophilic methylotrophic members of the Gammaproteobacteria, all of which were isolated from marine or otherwise low water activity environments, such as the surface of marble or hypersaline lakes.

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Methylophaga marina

Methylophaga marina is an obligately methylotrophic, Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacteria, the type species of its genus.

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Methylophaga sulfidovorans

Methylophaga sulfidovorans is an obligately methylotrophic, aerobic, dimethylsulfide-oxidizing bacterium.

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Methylophaga thalassica

Methylophaga thalassica is an obligately methylotrophic, Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacteria.

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Methylophilaceae

The Methylophilaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, given their own order.

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Methylopila

Methylopila is a genus of bacteria from the family of Methylocystaceae.

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Methylopila capsulata

Methylopila capsulata is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methanotrophic, non-spore-forming and motile bacterium species from the genus of Methylopila which has been isolated from soil from Tashkent in Uzbekistan.

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Methylopila helvetica

Methylopila helvetica is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methanotrophic, non-spore-forming, neutrophilic and mesophilic bacterium species from the genus of Methylopila which has been isolated from soil from Switzerland.

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Methylopila henanensis

Methylopila henanensis is a Gram-negative bacterium species from the genus of Methylopila with a single flagellum.

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Methylopila jiangsuensis

Methylopila jiangsuensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methanotrophic and non-spore-forming bacterium species from the genus of Methylopila which has been isolated from activated sludge from a waste water treatment plant from Yangzhou in the Jiangsu Province in China.

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Methylopila musalis

Methylopila musalis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methanotrophic, rod-shaped non-spore-forming and motile bacterium species from the genus of Methylopila which has been isolated from the banana from the tree Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum in Ecuador.

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Methylopila oligotropha

Methylopila oligotropha is a bacterium species from the genus of Methylopila which has been isolated from soil from a salt mine in Solikamsk in Russia.

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Methylorhabdus

Methylorhabdus is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Methylorhabdus multivorans

Methylorhabdus multivorans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, facultatively methylotrophic nonmotile bacterium from the genus of Methylorhabdus.

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Methylosinus

Methylosinus is a genus of bacteria from the family of Methylocystaceae.

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Methylosinus sporium

Methylopila oligotropha is a methanotroph bacterium species from the genus of Methylopila which has been isolated from a groundwater aquifer.

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Methylosinus trichosporium

Methylopila trichosporium is an obligate aerobic and methane-oxidizing bacterium species from the genus of Methylopila.

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Methylovirgula

Methylovirgula is a Gram-negative, aerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Beijerinckiaceae.

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Methylovirgula ligni

Methylovirgula ligni is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile bacteria from the genus of Methylovirgula which was isolated from the fungus Hypholoma fasciculare in Veluwe in the Netherlands.

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Mevalonate pathway

The mevalonate pathway, also known as the isoprenoid pathway or HMG-CoA reductase pathway is an essential metabolic pathway present in eukaryotes, archaea, and some bacteria.

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Mexel

Mexel Industries S.A. is a medium-sized company based in Verberie (Oise), France.

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Mezcal worm

A mezcal worm is an insect larva found in some types of mezcal produced in Oaxaca, Mexico.

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Mezlocillin

Mezlocillin is a broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic.

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Miasma theory

The miasma theory (also called the miasmatic theory) is an obsolete medical theory that held that diseases—such as cholera, chlamydia, or the Black Death—were caused by a miasma (μίασμα, ancient Greek: "pollution"), a noxious form of "bad air", also known as night air.

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MicA RNA

The MicA RNA (also known as SraD) is a small non-coding RNA that was discovered in E. coli during a large scale screen.

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Micavibrio aeruginosavorus

Micavibrio aeruginosavorus is a species of epibiotic predatory bacteria.

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MicC RNA

The MicC non-coding RNA (previously known as IS063) is located between the ompN and ydbK genes in E. coli.

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MicF RNA

The micF RNA is a non-coding RNA stress response gene found in Escherichia coli and related bacteria that post-transcriptionally controls expression of the outer membrane porin gene ompF.

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Michael Behe

Michael J. Behe (born January 18, 1952) is an American biochemist, author, and advocate of the pseudoscientific principle of intelligent design (ID).

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Michael Doyle (microbiologist)

Dr.

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Michigan Medicine

Michigan Medicine, formerly the University of Michigan Health System (UMHS), is the wholly owned academic medical center of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.

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MicL sRNA

MicL RNA (mRNA-interfering complementary RNA regulator of Lpp) is a σ E transcription factor-dependent small non-coding RNA.

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Micritisation

Micritisation is the activity of certain organisms in the clasts of carbonate sediments, whereby the organisms retract nutrients from the carbonate.

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Micro-

Micro- (symbol µ) is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10−6 (one millionth).

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Microalgal bacterial flocs

Microalgae do not settle by gravity, therefore expensive harvesting techniques must be applied.

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Microantibody

A microantibody is an artificial short chain of amino acids copied from a fully functional natural antibody.

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Microbacteriaceae

The Microbacteriaceae are a family of bacteria of the order Actinomycetales.

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Microbacterium

Microbacterium is a genus of bacteria in the family Microbacteriaceae.

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Microbacterium aerolatum

Microbacterium aerolatum is a rod shaped and gram positive bacteria that was found in the Vergilius Chapel (Virgilkapelle) of Vienna, Austria.

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Microbacterium agarici

Microbacterium agarici is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the mushroom Agaricus blazei in Taiwan.

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Microbacterium amylolyticum

Microbacterium amylolyticum is a Gram-positive, heterotrophic, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from soil from an industrial waste site in Noida in India.

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Microbacterium aoyamense

Microbacterium aoyamense is a Gram-positive and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from soil from Tokyo in Japan.

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Microbacterium aquimaris

Microbacterium aquimaris is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from seawater from Jeju in Korea.

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Microbacterium arthrosphaerae

Microbacterium arthrosphaerae is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the pill millipede Arthrosphaera magna in India.

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Microbacterium aurantiacum

Microbacterium aurantiacum is a bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from sewage.

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Microbacterium aurum

Microbacterium aurum is a bacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae, with type strain IFO 15204.

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Microbacterium awajiense

Microbacterium awajiense is a Gram-positive and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from sand sediments from the Awaji Island on Japan.

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Microbacterium azadirachtae

Microbacterium azadirachtae is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the rhizoplane of the plant Azadirachta indica from the Botanical Garden of Coimbatore in India.

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Microbacterium barkeri

Microbacterium barkeri is a bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from domestic sewage and from smear from a cheeses.

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Microbacterium binotii

Microbacterium binotii is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from human blood from the Foch hospital in Suresnes in France.

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Microbacterium chocolatum

Microbacterium chocolatum is a bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium.

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Microbacterium deminutum

Microbacterium deminutum is a Gram-positive and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium.

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Microbacterium dextranolyticum

Microbacterium dextranolyticum is a bacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae, with type strain IFO 14592.

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Microbacterium enclense

Microbacterium enclense is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from marine sediments from the Chorao Island in India.

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Microbacterium endophyticum

Microbacterium endophyticum is a bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the plant Halimione portulacoides from the Ria de Aveiro in Portugal.

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Microbacterium esteraromaticum

Microbacterium esteraromaticum is a rod shaped, gram positive species of bacteria under genus Microbacterium.

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Microbacterium flavum

Microbacterium flavum is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the tunicate Didemnum moseley in Nagasaki in Japan.

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Microbacterium fluvii

Microbacterium fluvii is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from driftwood from the Maera River from the Iriomote Island on Japan.

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Microbacterium foliorum

Microbacterium foliorum is a bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the phyllosphere of grasses in Germany.

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Microbacterium ginsengisoli

Microbacterium ginsengisoli is a Gram-positive, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Daejeon in South Korea.

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Microbacterium ginsengiterrae

Microbacterium ginsengiterrae is a Gram-positive, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic and non-motil bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Korea.

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Microbacterium gubbeenense

Microbacterium gubbeenense is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the surface of a smear-ripened cheese in Ireland.

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Microbacterium halimionae

Microbacterium halimionae is a bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the salt-marsh plant Halimione portulacoides near the Ria de Aveiro in Murtosa in Portugal.

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Microbacterium halophilum

Microbacterium halophilum is a bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium.

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Microbacterium halotolerans

Microbacterium halotolerans is a Gram-positive, halophilic aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from hypersaline soil in China.

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Microbacterium hatanonis

Microbacterium hatanonis is a bacterium of the family Microbacteriaceae.

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Microbacterium hominis

Microbacterium hominis is a bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from lung aspirate.

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Microbacterium humi

Microbacterium humi is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the fungus Agaricus blazei in Taiwan.

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Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans

Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans is a Gram-positive and Crude oil-degrading bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from oil contaminated soil in Germany.

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Microbacterium hydrothermale

Microbacterium hydrothermale is a Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from hydrothermal sediments from the Indian Ocean.

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Microbacterium immunditiarum

Microbacterium immunditiarum is a Gram-positive and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from soil from a municipal landfill in Chandigarh in India.

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Microbacterium indicum

Microbacterium indicum is a bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from deep-sea sediments from the Chagos Trench in the Indian Ocean.

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Microbacterium insulae

Microbacterium insulae is a Gram-positive and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from soil from Dokdo in Korea.

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Microbacterium invictum

Microbacterium invictum is a Gram-positive and facultatively aerobic bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from compost in Portugal.

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Microbacterium jejuense

Microbacterium jejuense is a Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from salty soil.

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Microbacterium ketosireducens

Microbacterium ketosireducens is a bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from soil.

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Microbacterium kitamiense

Microbacterium kitamiense is a heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, mesophilic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from waste water from a sugar-beet factory in Kitami in Japan.

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Microbacterium koreense

Microbacterium koreense is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from seawater in Korea.

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Microbacterium kribbense

Microbacterium kribbense is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from soil from the Bigeum Island in Korea.

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Microbacterium kyungheense

Microbacterium kyungheense is a Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from salty soil.

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Microbacterium lacus

Microbacterium lacus is a bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from sediments from the Shinji lake from the Shimane Prefecture in Japan.

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Microbacterium lindanitolerans

Microbacterium lindanitolerans is a Gram-positive, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from soil which was contamibated with hexachlorocyclohexane in India.

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Microbacterium luticocti

Microbacterium luticocti is a Gram-positive, short rod and motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from sewage sludge compost in Porto in Portugal.

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Microbacterium mangrovi

Microbacterium mangrovi is a Gram-positive and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from mangrove soil from Tanjung Lumpur on Malaysia.

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Microbacterium marinilacus

Microbacterium marinilacus is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the Sano Marine Lake in the Republic of Palau.

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Microbacterium marinum

Microbacterium marinum is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from seawater from the South-West Indian Ocean.

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Microbacterium mitrae

Microbacterium mitrae is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from a turban shell in Korea.

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Microbacterium murale

Microbacterium murale is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from an indoor wall in Giessen in Germany.

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Microbacterium nanhaiense

Microbacterium nanhaiense is a Gram-positive, heterotrophic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from sea sediments from the South China Sea.

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Microbacterium natoriense

Microbacterium natoriense is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from soil from Natori in Japan.

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Microbacterium neimengense

Microbacterium neimengense is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from rhizosphere of a maize-plant in China.

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Microbacterium oleivorans

Microbacterium oleivorans is a Gram-positive and crude-oil-degrading bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from a oil storage cavern in Germany.

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Microbacterium oxydans

Microbacterium oxydans is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which occurs in human clinical specimens.

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Microbacterium paludicola

Microbacterium paludicola is a Gram-positive, xylanolytic, short-rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from swamp forest soil from Ulsan in Korea.

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Microbacterium panaciterrae

Microbacterium panaciterrae is a Gram-positive, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the rhizosphere of a ginseng plant in the Chungnam Province in Korea.

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Microbacterium paraoxydans

Microbacterium paraoxydans is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which was first isolated from the fish Nile tilapia in Mexiko.

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Microbacterium petrolearium

Microbacterium petrolearium is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from oil-contaminated water from the Dagang Oilfield in China.

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Microbacterium phyllosphaerae

Microbacterium phyllosphaerae is a bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the phyllosphere of grass in Germany.

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Microbacterium populi

Microbacterium populi is a Gram-positive, non-spore-formin and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the bark Populus x euramericana.

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Microbacterium profundi

Microbacterium profundi is a Gram-positive, neutrophilic, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from deep-sea sediments from the Pacific Ocean.

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Microbacterium proteolyticum

Microbacterium proteolyticum is a bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the roots of the plant Halimione portulacoides in Ria de Aveiro in Portugal.

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Microbacterium pseudoresistens

Microbacterium pseudoresistens is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the fungus Agaricus blazei in Taiwan.

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Microbacterium pumilum

Microbacterium pumilum is a Gram-positive and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from soil from Japan.

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Microbacterium pygmaeum

Microbacterium pygmaeum is a Gram-positive, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from soil from the Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo in Japan.

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Microbacterium radiodurans

Microbacterium radiodurans is a Gram-positive, heterotrophic and strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the Gobi desert in China.

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Microbacterium resistens

Microbacterium resistens is a bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from a corneal ulcer in Zürich in Switzerland.

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Microbacterium rhizomatis

Microbacterium rhizomatis is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from the rhizome of a ginseng root from the Hwacheon mountain in Korea.

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Microbacterium saccharophilum

Microbacterium saccharophilums is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from soil from a sucrose-refining factory in Japan.

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Microbacterium sediminicola

Microbacterium sediminicola is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from sediments from the Samambula River on Fiji.

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Microbacterium sediminis

Microbacterium sediminis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, psychrotolerant, thermotolerant, halotolerant, alkalitolerant bacterium from the genus of Microbacterium which has been isolated from deep-sea sediments from the Indian Ocean.

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Microbes and Man

Microbes and Man is a popularising book by John Postgate on the role of microorganisms in human society, first published in 1969, and still in print in 2017.

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Microbes in human culture

Microbes (microorganisms) play many roles in the practical aspects of human culture, and sometimes appear in literature, music, film, and art.

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MicrobesOnline

MicrobesOnline is a publicly and freely accessible website that hosts multiple comparative genomic tools for comparing microbial species at the genomic, transcriptomic and functional levels.

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Microbial art

Microbial art, agar art, or germ art is artwork created by culturing microorganisms in certain patterns.

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Microbial biodegradation

Microbial biodegradation is the use of bioremediation and biotransformation methods to harness the naturally occurring ability of microbial xenobiotic metabolism to degrade, transform or accumulate environmental pollutants, including hydrocarbons (e.g. oil), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic compounds (such as pyridine or quinoline), pharmaceutical substances, radionuclides and metals.

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Microbial cellulose

Microbial cellulose, sometimes called bacterial cellulose, is a form of cellulose that is produced by bacteria.

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Microbial contamination of diesel fuel

Diesel bug is contamination of diesel fuel by microbes such as bacteria and fungi.

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Microbial cooperation

Microorganisms engage in a wide variety of social interactions, including cooperation.

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Microbial cyst

A microbial cyst is a resting or dormant stage of a microorganism, usually a bacterium or a protist or rarely an invertebrate animal, that helps the organism to survive in unfavorable environmental conditions.

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Microbial dark matter

Microbial dark matter comprises the vast majority of microbial organisms (usually bacteria and archaea) that biologists are unable to culture in lab due to lack of knowledge or ability to supply the required growth conditions.

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Microbial drug delivery

Microbial drug delivery is an emerging form of drug administration characterized by the use of commensal microbes that have been genetically modified to produce medications for chronic diseases in humans.

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Microbial ecology

Microbial ecology (or environmental microbiology) is the ecology of microorganisms: their relationship with one another and with their environment.

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Microbial enhanced oil recovery

Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is a biological based technology consisting in manipulating function or structure, or both, of microbial environments existing in oil reservoirs.

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Microbial food cultures

Microbial food cultures are live bacteria, yeasts or moulds used in food production.

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Microbial food web

The microbial food web refers to the combined trophic interactions among microbes in aquatic environments.

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Microbial fuel cell

A microbial fuel cell (MFC), or biological fuel cell, is a bio-electrochemical system that drives an electric current by using bacteria and mimicking bacterial interactions found in nature.

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Microbial genetics

Microbial genetics is a subject area within microbiology and genetic engineering.

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Microbial loop

The microbial loop describes a trophic pathway in the marine microbial food web where dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is returned to higher trophic levels via its incorporation into bacterial biomass, and then coupled with the classic food chain formed by phytoplankton-zooplankton-nekton.

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Microbial mat

A microbial mat is a multi-layered sheet of microorganisms, mainly bacteria and archaea.

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Microbial metabolism

Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce.

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Microbial population biology

Microbial population biology is the application of the principles of population biology to microorganisms.

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Microbial rhodopsin

Microbial rhodopsin, also known as type-I rhodopsin, is a photochemically active membrane protein composed of seven transmembrane alpha-helices with a retinal chromophore.

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Microbial symbiosis and immunity

There are close and often long-term relationships between symbiotic microbes and their host's immune system.

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Microbially induced sedimentary structure

Microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) are primary sedimentary structures formed by the interaction of microbes with sediment and physical agents of erosion, deposition, and transportation.

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Microbicide

A microbicide is any biocidal compound or substance whose purpose is to reduce the infectivity of microbes, such as viruses or bacteria.

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Microbiofuel

Microbiofuels are next generation biofuels produced by microorganisms like bacteria, cyanobacteria, microalgae, fungi, etc.

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Microbiological Research

Microbiological Research is an academic journal in microbiology, published by Elsevier.

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Microbiologist

A microbiologist (from Greek μῑκρος) is a scientist who studies microscopic life forms and processes.

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Microbiology

Microbiology (from Greek μῑκρος, mīkros, "small"; βίος, bios, "life"; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of microorganisms, those being unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells).

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Microbiology of decomposition

Microbiology of decomposition is the study of all microorganisms (mainly bacteria and fungi) involved in decomposition, the chemical and physical processes during which organic matter is broken down and reduced to its original elements.

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Microbiology Society

The Microbiology Society (previously the Society for General Microbiology) is a learned society based in the United Kingdom with a worldwide membership based in universities, industry, hospitals, research institutes and schools.

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Microbiomes of the built environment

Microbiomes of the built environment is a field of inquiry focusing on the study of the communities of microorganisms found in human constructed environments (i.e., the built environment).

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Microbiota

A microbiota is an "ecological community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms" found in and on all multicellular organisms studied to date from plants to animals.

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Microbispora

Microbispora is a Gram-positive, mesophilic, thermophilic and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Streptosporangiaceae.

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Microbispora corallina

Microbispora corallina is a bacterium with type strain DF-32T (.

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Microbulbifer

Microbulbifer is a genus of Proteobacteria found in high-salt environments.

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Microbulbifer elongatus

Microbulbifer elongatus is a Gram-negative marine bacterium.

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Microbulbifer hydrolyticus

Microbulbifer hydrolyticus is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic bacteria, the type species of its genus.

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Microbulbifer mangrovi

Microbulbifer mangrovi is a polysaccharide-degrading bacterium isolated from an Indian mangrove, hence its name.

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Microbulbifer marinus

Microbulbifer marinus is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium found in marine sediment.

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Microbulbifer salipaludis

Microbulbifer salipaludis is a moderate halophilic bacteria.

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Microbulbifer yueqingensis

Microbulbifer yueqingensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium found in marine sediment.

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Micrococcineae

The Micrococcineae are a suborder of bacteria of the order Actinomycetales.

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Micrococcus

Micrococcus (mi’ krō kŏk’ Əs) is a genus of bacteria in the Micrococcaceae family.

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Micrococcus luteus

Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, nonmotile, coccus, tetrad-arranging, pigmented, saprotrophic bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae.

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Micrococcus lylae

Micrococcus lylae is a gram positive bacterium.

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Micrococcus roseus

Micrococcus roseus is a gram positive bacterial cell that grows in the tetrad arrangement.

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Microcoleaceae

The Microcoleaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Microcystaceae

Microcystaceae is family of cyanobacteria which contains the harmful algal bloom Microcystis aeruginosa.

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Microcystis

Microcystis is a genus of freshwater cyanobacteria which includes the harmful algal bloom Microcystis aeruginosa.

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Microcystis aeruginosa

Microcystis aeruginosa is a species of freshwater cyanobacteria which can form harmful algal blooms of economic and ecological importance.

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Microevolution

Microevolution is the change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population.

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Microfabrication

Microfabrication is the process of fabricating miniature structures of micrometre scales and smaller.

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Microfiltration

Microfiltration (commonly abbreviated to MF) is a type of physical filtration process where a contaminated fluid is passed through a special pore-sized membrane to separate microorganisms and suspended particles from process liquid.

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Microfluidics

Microfluidics deals with the behaviour, precise control and manipulation of fluids that are geometrically constrained to a small, typically sub-millimeter, scale at which capillary penetration governs mass transport.

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Microglia

Microglia are a type of neuroglia (glial cell) located throughout the brain and spinal cord.

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Microlunatus

Microlunatus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, mesophilic, aerobic and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Propionibacteriaceae.

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Microlunatus phosphovorus

Microlunatus phosphovorus is the type species of the Microlunatus bacterial genus.

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Micrometre

The micrometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American spelling), also commonly known as a micron, is an SI derived unit of length equaling (SI standard prefix "micro-".

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Micromonospora

Micromonospora is a genus of bacteria of the family Micromonosporaceae.

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Micromonospora chokoriensis

Micromonospora chokoriensis is an endophytic actinomycete first isolated from sandy soil in Bangladesh; it produces single, non-motile nodular spore surfaces.

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Micromonospora citrea

Micromonospora citrea is an endophytic actinomycete, with type strain DSM 43903T.

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Micromonospora coxensis

Micromonospora coxensis is an endophytic actinomycete first isolated from sandy soil in Bangladesh; it produces single, non-motile nodular spore surfaces.

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Micromonospora echinaurantiaca

Micromonospora echinaurantiaca is an endophytic actinomycete, with type strain DSM 43904T.

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Micromonospora echinofusca

Micromonospora echinofusca is an endophytic actinomycete, with type strain DSM 43913T.

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Micromonospora echinospora

Micromonospora echinospora is a species of bacteria that is known for producing the enediyne antibiotic calicheamicins.

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Micromonospora fulviviridis

Micromonospora fulviviridis is an endophytic actinomycete, with type strain DSM 43906T.

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Micromonospora heviziensis

Micromonospora heviziensis is a very powerful protein and cellulose decomposer.

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Micromonospora inyonensis

Micromonospora inyonensis is an endophytic actinomycete, with type strain DSM 46123T.

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Micromonospora lupini

Micromonospora lupini is an endophytic actinomycete notable for producing antitumour anthraquinones: lupinacidins A (1), B (2) and C. Its genome has been sequenced.

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Micromonospora peucetia

Micromonospora peucetia is an endophytic actinomycete, with type strain DSM 43363T.

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Micromonospora sagamiensis

Micromonospora sagamiensis is an endophytic actinomycete, with type strain DSM 43912T.

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Micromonospora viridifaciens

Micromonospora viridifaciens is an endophytic actinomycete, with type strain DSM 43909T.

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Micromonosporaceae

Micromonosporaceae is a family of bacteria of the class Actinobacteria.

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Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.

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Micropolyspora

Micropolyspora is a defunct genus of bacteria within family Nocardiaceae.

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Microsporidia

Microsporidia are a group of spore-forming unicellular parasites.

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Microsurgeon (video game)

Microsurgeon is a maze-like video game published by Imagic in 1982 for the Mattel Intellivision game console.

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Microtox bioassay

Microtox is an in vitro testing system which uses bioluminescent bacteria (Allivibrio fischeri, formerly known as Vibrio fischeri) to detect toxic substances in different substrates such as water, air, soils and sediments.

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Microtubule

Microtubules are tubular polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton that provides the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and some bacteria with structure and shape.

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Microvirga

Microvirga is a genus of bacteria from the family of Methylobacteriaceae.

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Microvirga aerilata

Microvirga aerilata is a bacterium from the genus of Microvirga which has been isolated from air in Suwon in Korea.

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Microvirga aerophila

Microvirga aerophila is a bacterium from the genus of Microvirga which has been isolated from air in Suwon in Korea.

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Microvirga flocculans

Microvirga flocculans is a bacterium from the genus of Microvirga which has been isolated from water from a hot spring in the Gunma Prefecture in Japan.

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Microvirga guangxiensis

Microvirga guangxiensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Microvirga which has been isolated from soil from a rice field in the Guangxi Province in China.

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Microvirga lotononidis

Microvirga lotononidis is a nitrogen fixing, Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming root-nodule bacteria from the genus of Microvirga.

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Microvirga lupini

Microvirga lupini is a nitrogen-fixing, Gram-negative, aerobic rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Microvirga.

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Microvirga subterranea

Microvirga subterranea is a Gram-negative, moderate thermophile, rod-shaped and aerobic bacteria with a single polar flagellum from the genus of Microvirga which has been isolated from the Great Artesian Basin in Queensland in Australia.

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Microvirga vignae

Microvirga vignae is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the genus of Microvirga which has been isolated from the Brazilian Semiarid region.

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Microvirga zambiensis

Microvirga zambiensis is a Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Microvirga.

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Microvirgula

Microvirgula is a Gram-negative bacteria genus from the family of Neisseriaceae.

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Microvirgula aerodenitrificans

Microvirgula aerodenitrificans is a species of bacteria, the only species in its genus.

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Microwave heat distribution

The microwave heat distribution is the distribution (allocation) of the heat release inside the microwave absorptive material irradiated with high intensive microwaves.

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Midichloria

Midichloria is a genus of Gram-negative, non spore-forming bacteria, with bacillus shape around 0.45 µm in diameter and 1.2 µm in length.

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Midvalley fairy shrimp

The midvalley fairy shrimp, Branchinecta mesovallensis, is a small freshwater crustacean in the Branchinectidae family endemic to shallow ephemeral pools (pools that seasonally fill and dry up) near the middle of California's Central Valley.

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Mifamurtide

Mifamurtide (trade name Mepact, marketed by Takeda) is a drug against osteosarcoma, a kind of bone cancer mainly affecting children and young adults, which is lethal in about a third of cases.

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Migrating motor complex

Migrating motor complexes (or migrating myoelectric complex or migratory motor complex or migratory myoelectric complex or MMC) are waves of electrical activity that sweep through the intestines in a regular cycle during fasting.

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Mikhail Stepanovich Voronin

Mikhail Stepanovich Voronin (also spelled Woronin; Михаи́л Степа́нович Воро́нин) was a prominent Russian biologist, a botanist with particular expertise in fungi.

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Miles and Misra method

The Miles and Misra Method (or surface viable count) is a technique used in Microbiology to determine the number of colony forming units in a bacterial suspension or homogenate.

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Milislav Demerec

Milislav Demerec (January 11, 1895 – April 12, 1966) was a Croatian-American geneticist, and the director of the Department of Genetics, Carnegie Institution of Washington, now Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) from 1941 to 1960, recruiting Barbara McClintock and Alfred Hershey.

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Milky seas effect

Milky seas, also called mareel, is a luminous phenomenon in the ocean in which large areas of seawater (up to) appear to glow brightly enough at night to be seen by satellites orbiting Earth.

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Milky spore

Paenibacillus popilliae (formerly Bacillus popilliae) is a soil-dwelling, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Millet beer

Millet beer, also known as Bantu beer, malwa, kaffir beer, pombe "Tchouk" or opaque beer, is an alcoholic beverage made from malted millet that is common throughout Africa.

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Millisia

Millisia is a bacterial genus from the family of Gordoniaceae.

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Millisia brevis

Millisia brevis is a mycolic acid producing bacterium from the genus of Millisia which has been isolated from activated sludge in Australia.

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Miltefosine

Miltefosine, sold under the trade name Impavido among others, is a medication mainly used to treat leishmaniasis and free-living amoeba infections such as Naegleria fowleri.

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Mimivirus

Mimivirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Mimiviridae.

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Mineral (nutrient)

In the context of nutrition, a mineral is a chemical element required as an essential nutrient by organisms to perform functions necessary for life.

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Mineral salts pyridone broth

Mineral salts pyridone broth is a selective medium for bacteria that can metabolize pyridone (which is an unusual carbon source that a select few types of bacteria can use).

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Mineral sanitizer

Mineral sanitizers for the swimming pool and spa use minerals, metals, or elements derived from the natural environment to produce water quality benefits that would otherwise be produced by harsh or synthetic chemicals.

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Mineralization (biology)

In biology, mineralization refers to a process where an inorganic substance precipitates in an organic matrix.

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Mini-ykkC RNA motif

The mini-ykkC RNA motif (later renamed Guanidine-II riboswitch) was discovered as a putative RNA structure that is conserved in bacteria.

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Minimum bactericidal concentration

The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is the lowest concentration of an antibacterial agent required to kill a particular bacterium.

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Minimum inhibitory concentration

In, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration of a chemical which prevents visible growth of a bacterium.

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Miracle Recreation Equipment Company

Miracle Recreation is a playground manufacturer in the United States, providing children's playground equipment and amenities for parks and schools, throughout the world.

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Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS

The spread of HIV/AIDS has affected millions of people worldwide; AIDS is considered a pandemic.

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Mitali Mukerji

Mitali Mukerji, is a Senior Principal Scientist at the CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology with notable achievement in the field of human genomics.

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Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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Mitochondrial optic neuropathies

Mitohondrial optic neuropathies are a heterogenous group of disorders that present with visual disturbances resultant from mitochondrial dysfunction within the anatomy of the Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGC), optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic tract.

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Mitochondrion

The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.

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Mitosis

In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.

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Mixed oxidant

Mixed oxidant solution is a kind of Disinfection which is used for disinfecting, sterilization and eliminating pathogenic microorganisms in water and in many other applications.

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Mixotricha paradoxa

Mixotricha paradoxa is a species of protozoan that lives inside the gut of the Australian termite species Mastotermes darwiniensis and has multiple bacterial symbionts.

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Mixotrophic dinoflagellate

Dinoflagellates are eukaryotic plankton, existing in marine and freshwater environments.

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Mnemosyne (anime)

, also known as RIN: Daughters of Mnemosyne, is a six-episode Japanese anime television series produced by Xebec and Genco, featuring grotesque and erotic visuals.

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Mobiluncus

Mobiluncus is a genus of Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria.

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Mobiluncus mulieris

Mobiluncus mulieris is a curved, anaerobic bacteria from the vaginae of women.

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Moco RNA motif

The Moco RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that is presumed to be a riboswitch that binds molybdenum cofactor or the related tungsten cofactor.

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Modern synthesis (20th century)

The modern synthesis was the early 20th-century synthesis reconciling Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and Gregor Mendel's ideas on heredity in a joint mathematical framework.

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Modrac Lake

Modrac Lake (Bosnian: Jezero Modrac) is an artificial lake of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Molar concentration

Molar concentration (also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration) is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution.

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Mole cricket

Mole crickets are members of the insect family Gryllotalpidae, in the order Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets).

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Molecular drive

Molecular drive is a term coined by Gabriel Dover in 1982 to describe evolutionary processes that change the genetic composition of a population through DNA turnover mechanisms.

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Molecular evolution

Molecular evolution is the process of change in the sequence composition of cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins across generations.

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Molecular nanotechnology

Molecular nanotechnology (MNT) is a technology based on the ability to build structures to complex, atomic specifications by means of mechanosynthesis.

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Molecular virology

Molecular virology is the study of viruses on a molecular level.

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Molgula occulta

Molgula occulta is a species of solitary tunicate in the family Molgulidae.

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Molgula oculata

Molgula oculata, commonly known as the sea grape, is a species of solitary tunicate in the family Molgulidae. It is native to the north eastern Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. The specific name oculata means "having eyes"; the species has orifices which "seem like dark eyes within a spectacle-formed frame".

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Mollicutes

Mollicutes is a class of bacteria distinguished by the absence of a cell wall.

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Mollusca

Mollusca is a large phylum of invertebrate animals whose members are known as molluscs or mollusksThe formerly dominant spelling mollusk is still used in the U.S. — see the reasons given in Gary Rosenberg's.

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Monera

Monera (Greek - μονήρης (monḗrēs), "single", "solitary") is a kingdom that contains unicellular organisms with a prokaryotic cell organization (having no nuclear membrane), such as bacteria.

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Monoarthritis

Monoarthritis is inflammation (arthritis) of one joint at a time.

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Monocacy River

The Monocacy River is a free-flowing left tributary to the Potomac River, which empties into the Atlantic Ocean via the Chesapeake Bay.

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Monocentridae

Pinecone fishes are small and unusual beryciform marine fish of the family Monocentridae.

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Monserrate Román

Monserrate Román a.k.a. "Monsi", is a Puerto Rican scientist in NASA who helped NASA build part of the International Space Station.

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Montreal Biodome

The Montreal Biodome (Biodôme de Montréal) is a facility located at Olympic Park in the Montreal neighbourhood of Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve that allows visitors to walk through replicas of four ecosystems found in the Americas.

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Moonmilk

Moonmilk (sometimes called mondmilch, also known as montmilch or as cave milk) is a white, creamy substance found inside limestone caves.

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Moorea producens

Moorea producens is a species of filamentous cyanobacteria in the genus Moorea, including tropical marine strains formerly classified as Lyngbya majuscula due to morphological resemblance but separated based on genetic evidence.

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Moorella (bacterium)

Moorella is a genus of bacteriae belonging to the Firmicutes.

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Moorella thermoacetica

Moorella thermoacetica, previously known as Clostridium thermoaceticum is a bacterium belonging to the Firmicutes.

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Moorella thermoautotrophica

Moorella thermoautotrophica, previously known as Clostridium thermoautotrophicum, is a bacterium belonging to the Firmicutes.

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Morania

Morania is a genus of cyanobacterium preserved as carbonaceous films in the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale.

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Morax-Axenfeld diplobacilli

Moraxella lacunata is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative, nonmotile bacterium, generally present as diploid pairs.

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Moraxella

Moraxella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the Moraxellaceae family.

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Moraxella atlantae

Moraxella atlantae is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, nonmotile bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from aerobic blood cultures from a female cancer patient.

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Moraxella boevrei

Moraxella boevrei is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic nonmotile bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the nasal flora of healthy goats in Lyon in France.

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Moraxella bovis

Moraxella bovis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus implicated in infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, an eye disease of cattle,George M. Garrity: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.

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Moraxella bovoculi

Moraxella bovoculi is a Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the eyes of calves in Browns Valley, California.

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Moraxella canis

Moraxella canis is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from a wound from dog bite in Sweden and from an ulcerated supraclavicular lymph node of a patient.

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Moraxella caprae

Moraxella caprae is a Gram-negative, aerobic, nonmotile bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the nasal flora of goats in Lyon in France.

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Moraxella catarrhalis

Moraxella catarrhalis is a fastidious, nonmotile, Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus that can cause infections of the respiratory system, middle ear, eye, central nervous system, and joints of humans.

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Moraxella caviae

Moraxella caviae is a Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the pharyngeal region and mouth of guinea pig.

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Moraxella cuniculi

Moraxella cuniculi is a Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the oral mucosa of a rabbit in Germany.

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Moraxella equi

Moraxella equi is a Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the eye of a horse.

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Moraxella lincolnii

Moraxella lincolnii is a Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the human respiratory tract.

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Moraxella nonliquefaciens

Moraxella nonliquefaciens is a Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the upper respiratory tract of humans.

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Moraxella oblonga

Moraxella oblonga is a catalase- and oxidase-positive, Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the oral cavity of a sheep.

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Moraxella osloensis

Moraxella osloensis is a Gram-negative oxidase-positive, aerobic bacterium within the family Moraxellaceae in the gamma subdivision of the purple bacteria.

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Moraxella pluranimalium

Moraxella pluranimalium is a Gram-negative, aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, nonspore-forming bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the nasal turbinate of an pig.

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Moraxella porci

Moraxella porci is a Gram-negative, aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, nonendospore-forming bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the brain of a pig suffering from meningitis.

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Moraxella saccharolytica

Moraxella saccharolytica is a Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the spinal cord of a child with meningitis.

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Moraxellaceae

The Moraxellaceae are a family of Gammaproteobacteria, including a few pathogenic species.

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Morganella morganii

Morganella morganii is a species of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Morn repeat containing 1

MORN1 containing repeat 1, also known as Morn1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MORN1 gene.

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Morning Glory Pool

Morning Glory Pool is a hot spring in the Yellowstone Upper Geyser Basin of the United States.

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Morpholino

A Morpholino, also known as a Morpholino oligomer and as a phosphorodiamidate Morpholino oligomer (PMO), is a type of oligomer molecule (colloquially, an oligo) used in molecular biology to modify gene expression.

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Mort & Phil

Mort & Phil (Mortadelo y Filemón) is one of the most popular Spanish comics series, published in more than a dozen countries.

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Mosquito

Mosquitoes are small, midge-like flies that constitute the family Culicidae.

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Mosquito control

Mosquito control manages the population of mosquitoes to reduce their damage to human health, economies, and enjoyment.

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Most recent common ancestor

In biology and genealogy, the most recent common ancestor (MRCA, also last common ancestor (LCA), or concestor) of any set of organisms is the most recent individual from which all the organisms are directly descended.

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Motility

Motility is the ability of an organism to move independently, using metabolic energy.

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Mounir Laroussi

Mounir Laroussi, is a Tunisian-American scientist.

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Mouth ulcer

A mouth ulcer is an ulcer that occurs on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.

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Movile Cave

Movile Cave (Peștera Movile) is a cave near Mangalia, Constanța County, Romania discovered by Cristian Lascu in 1986 a few kilometers from the Black Sea coast.

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Moxidectin

Moxidectin is an anthelmintic drug used in animals to prevent or control parasitic worms (helminths), such as heartworm and intestinal worms, in dogs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep.

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MraW RNA motif

The mraW RNA motif is a conserved, structured RNA found in certain bacteria.

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MreB

MreB is a protein found in bacteria that has been identified as a homologue of actin, as indicated by similarities in tertiary structure and conservation of active site peptide sequence.

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MRNA surveillance

mRNA surveillance mechanisms are pathways utilized by organisms to ensure fidelity and quality of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.

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Ms1 small RNA

Mycobacterium smegmatis small RNA 1 (Ms1 small RNA) is highly expressed during stationary phase of growth.

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Mt. Olive Pickle Company

The Mount Olive Pickle Company is an American food processing company located in Mount Olive, North Carolina.

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Mucigel

Mucigel is a slimy substance that covers the root cap of the roots of plants.

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Mucilage

Mucilage is a thick, gluey substance produced by nearly all plants and some microorganisms.

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Mucilaginibacter

Mucilaginibacter is a genus from the family of Sphingobacteriaceae.

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Mucilaginibacter angelicae

Mucilaginibacter angelicae is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from the rhizosphere of the plant Angelica polymorpha.

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Mucilaginibacter antarcticus

Mucilaginibacter antarcticus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from soil near Antarctic Peninsula.

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Mucilaginibacter aquaedulcis

Mucilaginibacter aquaedulcis is a Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from fresh water in Yeongju in Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter auburnensis

Mucilaginibacter auburnensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from the stem from a corn plant Zea mays from the field of E. V. Smith Research Center, Plant Breeding Unit facility in Tallassee in the United States.

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Mucilaginibacter boryungensis

Mucilaginibacter boryungensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from soil from the west coast of Boryeong on Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter calamicampi

Mucilaginibacter calamicampi is a Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from soil from a reed field in Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter carri

Mucilaginibacter carri is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and obligately aerobic bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from a car air conditioning system in Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter composti

Mucilaginibacter composti is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from compost.

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Mucilaginibacter daejeonensis

Mucilaginibacter daejeonensis is a Gram-negative, facultatively aerobic, heterotrophic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from a dried rice straw.

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Mucilaginibacter defluvii

Mucilaginibacter defluvii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from a dye wastewater treatment facility in Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter dorajii

Mucilaginibacter dorajii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from the rhizosphere of the plant Platycodon grandiflorus.

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Mucilaginibacter flavus

Mucilaginibacter flavus is a bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from wetland from the Jeju Island in Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter frigoritolerans

Mucilaginibacter frigoritolerans is a chemoorganotrophic, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from the Finnish Lapland.

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Mucilaginibacter ginsengisoli

Mucilaginibacter ginsengisoli is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, short-rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from soil which was cultivated with ginseng.

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Mucilaginibacter ginsenosidivorax

Mucilaginibacter ginsenosidivorax is a bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from sediments from the river Gapcheon in Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter gossypii

Mucilaginibacter gossypii is a Gram-negative, non-motile and plant-growth-promoting bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from cotton plants.

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Mucilaginibacter gossypiicola

Mucilaginibacter gossypiicola is a Gram-negative, non-motile and plant-growth-promoting bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from cotton plants.

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Mucilaginibacter gotjawali

Mucilaginibacter gotjawali is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from soil from the Gotjawal forest on Jejudo on Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter gracilis

Mucilaginibacter gracilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively aerobic, heterotrophic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from Sphagnum peat bog in the Tomsk Region in Russia.

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Mucilaginibacter gynuensis

Mucilaginibacter gynuensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from rotten wood in Jinju in Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter herbaticus

Mucilaginibacter herbaticus is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from the plant Angelica sinensis.

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Mucilaginibacter jinjuensis

Mucilaginibacter jinjuensis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from rotten wood in Jinju in Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter kameinonensis

Mucilaginibacter kameinonensis is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from garden soil from Kameino in Fujisawa in Japan.

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Mucilaginibacter koreensis

Mucilaginibacter koreensis is a Gram-negative and strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from leaf mold in Cheonan in Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter lappiensis

Mucilaginibacter lappiensis is an aerobic, chemoorganotrophic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from the Finnish Lapland.

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Mucilaginibacter litoreus

Mucilaginibacter litoreus is a Gram-negative, facultatively aerobic, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from marine sand from the western coast of Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter lutimaris

Mucilaginibacter lutimaris is a Gram-negative, facultatively aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from tidal flat sediments from the western coast of Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter mallensis

Mucilaginibacter mallensis is a chemoorganotrophic, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from the Finnish Lapland.

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Mucilaginibacter myungsuensis

Mucilaginibacter myungsuensis is a non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from a mesotrophic lake near the campus of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies in Yongin in Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter oryzae

Mucilaginibacter oryzae is a Gram-negative and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from a rice plant (Oryza sativa) in Jinju in Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter paludis

Mucilaginibacter paludis is a facultatively aerobic and heterotrophic bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from acidic Sphagnum peat bog in western Siberia in Russia.

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Mucilaginibacter pineti

Mucilaginibacter pineti is a bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from wood from the tree Pinus pinaster.

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Mucilaginibacter polysacchareus

Mucilaginibacter polysacchareus is a Gram-negative, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from the rhizoplane of the plant Angelica sinensis in Geumsan in Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter polytrichastri

Mucilaginibacter polytrichastri is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from the moss Polytrichastrum formosum from the Gawalong glacier zone from the Tibetan Plateau in China.

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Mucilaginibacter rigui

Mucilaginibacter rigui is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from freshwater from the Woopo wetland in Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter roseus

Mucilaginibacter roseus is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from the Caohu River in Taiwan.

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Mucilaginibacter sabulilitoris

Mucilaginibacter sabulilitoris is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from marine sand.

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Mucilaginibacter soli

Mucilaginibacter soli is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from soil from the Arctic tundra near Ny-Ålesund in Norway.

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Mucilaginibacter soyangensis

Mucilaginibacter soyangensis is a non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from the Lake Soyang in Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter vulcanisilvae

Mucilaginibacter vulcanisilvae is a exopolysaccharide-producing and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from the volcanic forest of the Jeju Island in Korea.

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Mucilaginibacter ximonensis

Mucilaginibacter ximonensis is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from soil from the Ximo region in Tibet in China.

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Mucilaginibacter yixingensis

Mucilaginibacter yixingensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Mucilaginibacter which has been isolated from vegetable soil in Yixing in China.

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Muconate lactonizing enzyme

Muconate lactonizing enzymes (muconate cycloisomerase I, cis,cis-muconate-lactonizing enzyme, cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase, 4-carboxymethyl-4-hydroxyisocrotonolactone lyase (decyclizing), CatB, MCI, MLE, 2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate lyase (decyclizing)) are involved in the breakdown of lignin-derived aromatics, catechol and protocatechuate, to citric acid cycle intermediates as a part of the β-ketoadipate pathway in soil microbes.

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Mucopurulent discharge

Mucopurulent discharge is the emission or secretion of fluid containing mucus and pus (muco- pertaining to mucus and purulent pertaining to pus) from the eye, nose, cervix, vagina or other part of the body due to infection and inflammation.

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Mucositis

Mucositis is the painful inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the digestive tract, usually as an adverse effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment for cancer.

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Mucus

Mucus is a slippery aqueous secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes.

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Mulinia lateralis

Mulinia lateralis, the dwarf surf clam or coot clam, is a species of small saltwater clam, a bivalve mollusc in the family Mactridae.

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Multi-antimicrobial extrusion protein

Multi-antimicrobial extrusion protein (MATE) also known as multidrug and toxin extrusion or multidrug and toxic compound extrusion is a family of proteins which function as drug/sodium or proton antiporters.

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Multi-state modeling of biomolecules

Multi-state modeling of biomolecules refers to a series of techniques used to represent and compute the behaviour of biological molecules or complexes that can adopt a large number of possible functional states.

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Multicopy single-stranded DNA

Multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA) is a type of extrachromosomal satellite DNA that consists of a single-stranded DNA molecule covalently linked via a 2'-5'phosphodiester bond to an internal guanosine of an RNA molecule.

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Multidrug tolerance

Multidrug tolerance or antibiotic tolerance is the ability of a disease-causing microorganism to resist being killed by antibiotics or other antimicrobials.

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Multimedia

Multimedia is content that uses a combination of different content forms such as text, audio, images, animations, video and interactive content.

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Multinucleate

Multinucleate cells (also called multinucleated or polynuclear cells) are eukaryotic cells that have more than one nucleus per cell, i.e., multiple nuclei share one common cytoplasm.

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Multiple drug resistance

Multiple drug resistance (MDR), multidrug resistance or multiresistance is antimicrobial resistance shown by a species of microorganism to multiple antimicrobial drugs.

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Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), also known as multiple organ failure (MOF), total organ failure (TOF) or multisystem organ failure (MSOF), is altered organ function in an acutely ill patient requiring medical intervention to achieve homeostasis.

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Multiplicity of infection

In microbiology, the multiplicity of infection or MOI is the ratio of agents (e.g. phage or more generally virus, bacteria) to infection targets (e.g. cell).

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Muramyl dipeptide

Muramyl dipeptide is constituent of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria composed of N-acetylmuramic acid linked by its lactic acid moiety to the N-terminus of an L-alanine D-isoglutamine dipeptide.

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Muramyl ligase

The bacterial cell wall provides strength and rigidity to counteract internal osmotic pressure, and protection against the environment.

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Muricauda (bacteria)

Muricauda is a bacterial genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.

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Muricauda antarctica

Muricauda antarctica is a Gram-negative, and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Muricauda which has been isolated from seawater from the Prydz Bay on the Antarctica.

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Muricauda aquimarina

Muricauda aquimarina is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and slightly halophilic bacterium from the genus of Muricauda.

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Muricauda beolgyonensis

Muricauda beolgyonensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Muricauda which has been isolated from tidal flat in Korea.

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Muricauda flavescens

Muricauda flavescens is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and slightly halophilic bacterium from the genus of Muricauda which has been isolated from a salt lake near the beach of Hwajinpo in Korea.

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Muricauda lutaonensis

Muricauda lutaonensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped moderately thermophilic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Muricauda which has been isolated from a hot spring on the Green Island on Taiwan.

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Muricauda lutimaris

Muricauda lutimaris is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Muricauda which has been isolated from tidal flat from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

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Muricauda olearia

Muricauda olearia is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Muricauda which has been isolated from seawater which was contaminated with crude oil from the west coast of Korea.

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Muricauda ruestringensis

Muricauda ruestringensis is a bacterium.

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Muricauda taeanensis

Muricauda taeanensis is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, heterotrophic and moderate halophilic bacterium from the genus of Muricauda which has been isolated from tidal flat sediments of Taean in Korea.

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Muricauda zhangzhouensis

Muricauda zhangzhouensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Muricauda which has been isolated from mangrove sediments from the Fugong Mangrove Nature Reservation Area in the Fujian province in China.

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Musca vetustissima

Musca vetustissima, commonly known as the Australian bush fly, is a species of fly found in Australia.

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Muscina

Muscina is a genus of flies that belongs to the family Muscidae, currently consisting of 27 species.

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Muscodor albus

Muscodor albus (frequently spelled "muscador albus") is a plant-dwelling fungus in the Xylariaceae family.

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Muskeg

Muskeg (maskek; fondrière de mousse, lit. moss bog) is an acidic soil type common in Arctic and boreal areas, although it is found in other northern climates as well.

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Mutagen

In genetics, a mutagen is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level.

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Mutation

In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.

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Mutation rate

In genetics, the mutation rate is the frequency of new mutations in a single gene or organism over time.

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MutS-1

Mismatch repair contributes to the overall fidelity of DNA replication and is essential for combating the adverse effects of damage to the genome.

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Mutualism (biology)

Mutualism or interspecific cooperation is the way two organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which each individual benefits from the activity of the other.

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Myathropa

Myathropa is a European and North African genus of very common hoverfly.

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Myathropa florea

Myathropa florea is a very common European and North African species of hoverfly.

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Mycangium

The term mycangium (pl., mycangia) is used in biology for special structures on the body of an animal that are adapted for the transport of symbiotic fungi (usually in spore form).

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Myceligenerans

Myceligenerans is a Gram-positive, spore-forming and mycelium-forming bacterial genus from the family of Promicromonosporaceae.

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Myceligenerans cantabricum

Myceligenerans cantabricum is a barotolerant bacterium from the genus of Myceligenerans which has been isolated from deep cold-water from the Cantabrian Sea near Spain.

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Myceligenerans crystallogenes

Myceligenerans crystallogenes is a xylan-degrading bacterium from the genus of Myceligenerans which has been isolated from tufa from the Catacomb of Domitilla in Rome in Italy.

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Myceligenerans halotolerans

Myceligenerans halotolerans is a halotolerant bacterium from the genus of Myceligenerans which has been isolated from a salt lake in the Xinjiang province in China.

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Myceligenerans xiligouense

Myceligenerans xiligouense is a bacterium from the genus of Myceligenerans which has been isolated from mud of the Xiligou lake in Xiligou in China.

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Mycobacterium

Mycobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteria, given its own family, the Mycobacteriaceae.

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Mycobacterium abscessus

Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSC) is a group of rapidly growing, multidrug-resistant non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species that are common soil and water contaminants.

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Mycobacterium africanum

Mycobacterium africanum is a species of Mycobacterium that is most commonly found in West African countries.

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Mycobacterium agri

Mycobacterium agri is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium aichiense

Mycobacterium aichiense is a yellow-orange scotochromogenic, rapidly growing mycobacterium first isolated from soil and human sputum in Japan.

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Mycobacterium alvei

Mycobacterium alvei is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium arupense

Mycobacterium arupense is a rapidly growing mycobacterium first isolated from soil and human sputum samples in Spain.

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Mycobacterium asiaticum

Mycobacterium asiaticum is a slowly growing photochromogenic mycobacterium first isolated from monkeys in 1965.

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Mycobacterium aubagnense

Mycobacterium aubagnense is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium aurum

Mycobacterium aurum is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium austroafricanum

Mycobacterium austroafricanum is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium avium avium

Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium avium complex

Mycobacterium avium complex is a group of mycobacteria comprising Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium avium, and Mycobacterium chimaera that are commonly grouped together because they infect humans together; this group in turn is part of the group of nontuberculous mycobacteria.

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Mycobacterium avium hominissuis

"Mycobacterium avium hominissuis" is a subspecies of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium avium silvaticum

Mycobacterium avium subsp.

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Mycobacterium boenickei

Mycobacterium boenickei is a member of the Mycobacterium fortuitum third biovariant complex.

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Mycobacterium bohemicum

Mycobacterium bohemicum is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium bolletii

Mycobacterium bolletii is a bacterial species of the phylum Actinobacteria and the genus Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium botniense

Mycobacterium botniense is a slowly growing Mycobacterium, which produces a yellow pigment.

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Mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is a slow-growing (16- to 20-hour generation time) aerobic bacterium and the causative agent of tuberculosis in cattle (known as bovine TB).

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Mycobacterium branderi

Mycobacterium branderi is a slowly growing, nonchromogenic Mycobacterium first isolated from patients in Finland.

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Mycobacterium brisbanense

Mycobacterium brisbanense is a member of the Mycobacterium fortuitum third biovariant complex.

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Mycobacterium brumae

Mycobacterium brumae is a rapidly growing environmental mycobacterial species identified in 1993.

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Mycobacterium canariasense

Mycobacterium canariasense is a rapidly growing, non-pigmented mycobacterium first isolated from blood samples obtained from 17 patients with febrile syndrome.

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Mycobacterium canetti

Mycobacterium canettii, a novel pathogenic taxon of the ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' complex (MTBC), was first reported in 1969 by the French microbiologist Georges Canetti, for whom the organism has been named.

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Mycobacterium caprae

Mycobacterium caprae is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycobacterium and a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.

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Mycobacterium celatum

Mycobacterium celatum is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium chelonae

Mycobacterium chelonae is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium chitae

Mycobacterium chitae is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum

Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium chubuense

Mycobacterium chubuense is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium colombiense

Mycobacterium colombiense is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium conceptionense

Mycobacterium conceptionense is a non pigmented rapidly growing mycobacterium was first isolated from wound liquid outflow, bone tissue biopsy, and excised skin tissue from a 31-year-old woman who suffered an accidental open right tibia fracture and prolonged stay in a river.

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Mycobacterium confluentis

Mycobacterium confluentis is a non-pathogenic bacterium of the oral cavity.

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Mycobacterium conspicuum

Mycobacterium conspicuum is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium cookii

Mycobacterium cookii is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium cosmeticum

Mycobacterium cosmeticum is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that was first isolated from cosmetic patients and sites performing cosmetic procedures.

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Mycobacterium diernhoferi

Mycobacterium diernhoferi is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium doricum

Mycobacterium doricum is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium duvalii

Mycobacterium duvalii is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium elephantis

Mycobacterium elephantis, a bacterium of the family Mycobacteriaceae, was discovered and isolated from a deceased elephant near India and may be linked to respiratory dysfunction.

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Mycobacterium fallax

Mycobacterium fallax is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium farcinogenes

Mycobacterium farcinogenes is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium flavescens

Mycobacterium flavescens is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium florentinum

Mycobacterium florentinum is a strain of bacteria found in humans that can cause infections and other disease conditions, and prolong sickness.

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Mycobacterium fluoranthenivorans

Mycobacterium fluoranthenivorans is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium fortuitum

Mycobacterium fortuitum is a nontuberculous species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium frederiksbergense

Mycobacterium frederiksbergense is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium gadium

Mycobacterium gadium is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium gastri

Mycobacterium gastri is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium genavense

Mycobacterium genavense is a slow-growing species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium gilvum

Mycobacterium gilvum is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium goodii

Mycobacterium goodii is an acid-fast bacterial species in the phylum Actinobacteria and the genus Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium gordonae

Mycobacterium gordonae is a species of Mycobacterium named for Ruth E. Gordon.

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Mycobacterium haemophilum

Mycobacterium haemophilum is a species of the phylum Actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium hassiacum

Mycobacterium hassiacum is a rapid-growing thermophilic mycobacterium that was isolated in human urine in 1997 by researchers at the German University of Regensburg.

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Mycobacterium heckeshornense

Mycobacterium heckeshornense is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium heidelbergense

Mycobacterium heidelbergense is a Gram-positive, nonmotile, acid-fast coccobacillus.

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Mycobacterium hiberniae

Mycobacterium hiberniae is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium hodleri

Mycobacterium hodleri is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium holsaticum

Mycobacterium holsaticum is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium houstonense

Mycobacterium houstonense is a member of the Mycobacterium fortuitum third biovariant complex.

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Mycobacterium immunogenum

Mycobacterium immunogenum is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium indicus pranii

Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP), earlier known as Mw, is a non-pathogenic mycobacterial species, which, based on its growth characteristics and metabolic properties, is validly classified as a member of the Mycobacterium avium complex.

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Mycobacterium interjectum

Mycobacterium interjectum is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium intermedium

Mycobacterium intermedium is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium iranicum

Mycoobacterium iranicum is a bacterium from the genus Mycobacterium which has been isolated from a patient from Isfahan in Iran.

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Mycobacterium kansasii

Mycobacterium kansasii is a bacterium in the Mycobacterium family.

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Mycobacterium komossense

Mycobacterium komossense is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium kubicae

Mycobacterium kubicae is a Gram-positive, nonmotile and acid-fast bacterial species.

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Mycobacterium kumamotonense

Mycobacterium kumamotonense Etymology: kumamotonense, pertaining to Kumamoto Prefecture in Japan, where the type strain was isolated.

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Mycobacterium lacus

Mycobacterium lacus is a species of bacteria in the Mycobacterium family known to be a causative agent in immunocompetent individuals.

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Mycobacterium lentiflavum

Mycobacterium lentiflavum Etymology: Lentus from Latin for slow, flavus, Latin for yellow.

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Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium leprae, also known as Hansen’s bacillus spirilly, mostly found in warm tropical countries, is a bacterium that causes leprosy (Hansen's disease).

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Mycobacterium lepraemurium

Mycobacterium lepraemurium is a causative agent of feline leprosy.

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Mycobacterium lepromatosis

Mycobacterium lepromatosis is a bacterium that, along with Mycobacterium leprae, causes leprosy (Hansen's disease).

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Mycobacterium madagascariense

Mycobacterium madagascariense Etymology: madagascariense, relating to Madagascar where it was first isolated.

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Mycobacterium mageritense

Mycobacterium mageritense Etymology: Magerit, is Arabic for Madrid, where the it was first isolated from human sputum.

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Mycobacterium malmoense

Mycobacterium malmoense is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium marinum

Mycobacterium marinum (formerly M. balnei) is a free-living bacterium, which causes opportunistic infections in humans.

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Mycobacterium massiliense

Mycobacterium massiliense is a rapidly growing Mycobacteria species sharing an identical 16S rRNA sequence with Mycobacterium abscessus.

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Mycobacterium microti

Mycobacterium microti.

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Mycobacterium monacense

Mycobacterium monacense is a yellow-pigmented, non-photochromogenic species of mycobacterium named after Monacum, the Latin name of the German city Munich where the first strain was isolated.

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Mycobacterium montefiorense

Mycobacterium montefiorense is a species of bacteria which cause granulomatous skin disease of moray eels.

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Mycobacterium moriokaense

Mycobacterium moriokaense Etymology: moriokaense, from Morioka, Japan where the organism was first isolated.

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Mycobacterium mucogenicum

Mycobacterium mucogenicum Etymology: mucogenicum, from the organism's highly mucoid appearance.

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Mycobacterium murale

Mycobacterium murale.

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Mycobacterium nebraskense

Mycobacterium nebraskense is a slow growing, yellow, pigmented mycobacterium that was first isolated from human sputum at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, in Omaha, Nebraska, USA.

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Mycobacterium neoaurum

Mycobacterium neoaurum is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium neworleansense

Mycobacterium neworleansense is a member of the Mycobacterium fortuitum third biovariant complex.

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Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum

Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium obuense

Mycobacterium obuense is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium palustre

Mycobacterium palustre is a slowly growing mycobacterium first isolated from an environmental source in Finland.

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Mycobacterium parafortuitum

Mycobacterium parafortuitum is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium parmense

Mycobacterium parmense is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium phage patience

Mycobacterium phage patience, also called Patience, is a bacteriophage that infects Mycobacterium smegmatis bacteria.

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Mycobacterium phlei

Mycobacterium phlei is a species of acid-fast bacteria in the genus Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium phocaicum

Mycobacterium phocaicum is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium pinnipedii

Mycobacterium pinnipedii is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex which primarily infects seals.

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Mycobacterium porcinum

Mycobacterium porcinum is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium poriferae

Mycobacterium poriferae is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii

Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii, a slowly growing chromogenic species was isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis) during an epizootic of mycobacteriosis.

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Mycobacterium psychrotolerans

Mycobacterium psychrotolerans is a rapidly growing mycobacterium first isolated from pond water near a uranium mine in Spain.

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Mycobacterium pulveris

Mycobacterium pulveris is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium pyrenivorans

Mycobacterium pyrenivorans is a scotochromogenic, rapidly growing mycobacterium, first isolated from an enrichment culture obtained from soil that was highly contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

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Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium senegalense

Mycobacterium senegalense is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium septicum

Mycobacterium septicum is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium shottsii

Mycobacterium shottsii is a slowly growing, non-pigmented mycobacteria isolated from striped bass (Morone saxatilis) during an epizootic of mycobacteriosis in the Chesapeake Bay.

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Mycobacterium smegmatis

Mycobacterium smegmatis is an acid-fast bacterial species in the phylum Actinobacteria and the genus Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium sphagni

Mycobacterium sphagni is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium szulgai

Mycobacterium szulgai is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium terrae

Mycobacterium terrae is a slow-growing species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium thermoresistibile

Mycobacterium thermoresistibile is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium tokaiense

Mycobacterium tokaiense is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium triplex

Mycobacterium triplex is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium triviale

Mycobacterium triviale is a species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.

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Mycobacterium tusciae

Mycobacterium tusciae is a slow-growing, scotochromogenic mycobacterium first isolated from a lymph node of an immunocompromised child and subsequently from tap water and from a respiratory specimen of a patient with chronic fibrosis.

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Mycobacterium ulcerans

Mycobacterium ulcerans is a slow-growing mycobacterium that classically infects the skin and subcutaneous tissues, giving rise to indolent nonulcerated (nodules, plaques) and ulcerated lesions.

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Mycobacterium ulcerans liflandii

Mycobacterium ulcerans liflandii has been isolated from Xenopus tropicalis and Xenopus laevis in a laboratory in the US and causes a Mycobacterium ulcerans-like disease in anurans.

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Mycobacterium vaccae

Mycobacterium vaccae is a nonpathogenic species of the Mycobacteriaceae family of bacteria that lives naturally in soil.

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Mycobacterium vanbaalenii

Mycobacterium vanbaalenii is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that can use polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

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Mycobacterium wolinskyi

Mycobacterium wolinskyi is a rapidly growing mycobacterium most commonly seen in post-traumatic wound infections, especially those following open fractures and with associated osteomyelitis.

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Mycobacterium xenopi

Mycobacterium xenopi is a slow-growing scotochromogenic species of Mycobacterium.

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Mycolic acid

Mycolic acids are long fatty acids found in the cell walls of the Mycolata taxon, a group of bacteria that includes Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of the disease tuberculosis.

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Mycoplana

Mycoplana is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Mycoplana dimorpha

Mycoplana dimorpha is a gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Mycoplana.

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Mycoplana ramosa

Mycoplana ramosa is a gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Mycoplana.

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Mycoplasma

Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall around their cell membrane.

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Mycoplasma adleri

Mycoplasma adleri is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma.

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Mycoplasma agalactiae

Mycoplasma agalactiae is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma.

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Mycoplasma agassizii

Mycoplasma agassizii is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma.

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Mycoplasma alligatoris

Mycoplasma alligatoris is a species of bacteria in the Mycoplasma genus.

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Mycoplasma amphoriforme

Mycoplasma amphoriforme is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma.

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Mycoplasma bovis

Mycoplasma bovis is one of 126 species of genus Mycoplasma.

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Mycoplasma buccale

Mycoplasma buccale is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma.

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Mycoplasma capricolum

Mycoplasma capricolum is a species of Mycoplasma bacteria.

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Mycoplasma faucium

Mycoplasma faucium is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma.

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Mycoplasma fermentans

Mycoplasma fermentans is a very small bacterium in the class Mollicutes.

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Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a bacterium belonging to the class Mollicutes and the family Mycoplasmataceae.

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Mycoplasma genitalium

Mycoplasma genitalium, commonly known as Mgen, is a sexually transmitted, small and pathogenic bacterium that lives on the ciliated epithelial cells of the urinary and genital tracts in humans.

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Mycoplasma haemofelis

Mycoplasma haemofelis (formerly Haemobartonella felis) is a gram negative epierythrocytic parasitic bacterium.

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Mycoplasma haemomuris

Mycoplasma haemomuris, formerly known as Haemobartonella muris and Bartonella muris, is a Gram-negative bacillus.

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Mycoplasma hominis

Mycoplasma hominis is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma.

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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a species of bacteria known to cause the disease porcine enzootic pneumonia, a highly contagious and chronic disease affecting pigs.

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Mycoplasma hyorhinis

Mycoplasma hyorhinis is a member of the Mycoplasmatales family.

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Mycoplasma laboratorium

Mycoplasma laboratorium is a designed, partially synthetic species of bacterium derived from the genome of Mycoplasma genitalium.

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Mycoplasma lipophilum

Mycoplasma lipophilum is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma.

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Mycoplasma meleagridis

Also known as: Mycoplasma air sacculitis − Mycoplasma infectious stunting − Mycoplasmosis.

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Mycoplasma mobile

Mycoplasma mobile is a species of parasitic bacteria that binds to the gills of freshwater fish causing necrosis.

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Mycoplasma mycoides

Mycoplasma mycoides is a bacterial species of the genus Mycoplasma in the class Mollicutes.

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Mycoplasma orale

Mycoplasma orale is a small bacterium found in the class Mollicutes.

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Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is a species of Mycoplasma bacteria that most commonly inhabits and affects ovine animals.

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Mycoplasma penetrans

Mycoplasma penetrans is a species of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Mycoplasma pirum

Mycoplasma pirum is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma.

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a very small bacterium in the class Mollicutes.

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Mycoplasma primatum

Mycoplasma primatum is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma.

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Mycoplasma salivarium

Mycoplasma salivarium is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma.

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Mycoplasma spermatophilum

Mycoplasma spermatophilum is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma.

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Mycoplasma spumans

Mycoplasma spumans is a species of bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma.

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Mycoplasma synoviae

The bacteria M. synoviae is a member of the mycoplasma genus.

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Mycoplasmataceae

Mycoplasmataceae is a family of bacteria in the order Mycoplasmatales.

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Mycorrhiza

A mycorrhiza (from Greek μύκης mýkēs, "fungus", and ῥίζα rhiza, "root"; pl. mycorrhizae, mycorrhiza or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular host plant.

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Mycorrhizosphere

The mycorrhizosphere is the region around a mycorrhizal fungus in which nutrients released from the fungus increase the microbial population and its activities.

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Myeloperoxidase

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a peroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MPO gene on chromosome 17.

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Myiasis

Myiasis is the parasitic infestation of the body of a live mammal by fly larvae (maggots) that grow inside the host while feeding on its tissue.

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Myocarditis

Myocarditis, also known as inflammatory cardiomyopathy, is inflammation of the heart muscle.

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Myrica

Myrica is a genus of about 35–50 species of small trees and shrubs in the family Myricaceae, order Fagales.

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Myrica rubra

Myrica rubra, also called yangmei (Cantonese: yeung4 mui4; Shanghainese),, Chinese bayberry, Japanese bayberry, red bayberry, yumberry, waxberry, or Chinese strawberry (and often mistranslated from Chinese as arbutus) is a subtropical tree grown for its sweet, crimson to dark purple-red, edible fruit.

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Myroides

Myroides is a bacterial genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.

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Myroides odoratimimus

Myroides odoratimimus is a bacterium.

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Mysophobia

Mysophobia, also known as verminophobia, germophobia, germaphobia, bacillophobia and bacteriophobia, is a pathological fear of contamination and germs.

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Myxobacteria

The myxobacteria ("slime bacteria") are a group of bacteria that predominantly live in the soil and feed on insoluble organic substances.

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Myxococcaceae

Myxococcaceae is a family of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria.

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Myxococcus

Myxococcus is a genus in the Myxococcaceae family.

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Myxococcus xanthus

Myxococcus xanthus is a gram-negative, rod-shaped species of myxobacteria that exhibits various forms of self-organizing behavior as a response to environmental cues.

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N-Acetylglutamate synthase

N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) is an enzyme that catalyses the production of ''N''-Acetylglutamate (NAG) from glutamate and acetyl-CoA.

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N-Acyl homoserine lactone

N-Acyl homoserine lactones (Abbreviated as AHLs or N-AHLs) are a class of signaling molecules involved in bacterial quorum sensing.

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N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10

N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10 (NAA10) also known as NatA catalytic subunit Naa10 and arrest-defective protein 1 homolog A (ARD1A) is an enzyme subunit that in humans is encoded NAA10 gene.

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N-Ethylmaleimide

N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) is an organic compound that is derived from maleic acid.

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N-Formylmethionine

N-Formylmethionine (fMet) is a derivative of the amino acid methionine in which a formyl group has been added to the amino group.

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N-linked glycosylation

N-linked glycosylation, is the attachment of the sugar molecule oligosaccharide known as glycan to a nitrogen atom (the amide nitrogen of an asparagine (Asn) residue of a protein), in a process called N-glycosylation, studied in biochemistry.

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NACHT domain

The NACHT domain is an evolutionarily conserved protein domain.

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NADPH oxidase

The NADPH oxidase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase) is a membrane-bound enzyme complex that faces the extracellular space.

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Naem

Naem (แหนม,, also referred to as nham, naem moo, naem maw, and chin som) is a pork sausage in Thai cuisine.

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Nafcillin

Nafcillin sodium is a narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class.

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Nafulsella

Nafulsella is a genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae with one known species (Nafulsella turpanensis).

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Nafulsella turpanensis

Nafulsella turpanensis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nafulsella which has been isolated from soil from the Xinjiang province in China.

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Nail biting

Nail biting, also known as onychophagy or onychophagia (or even erroneously onchophagia), is an oral compulsive habit.

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Nail disease

A nail disease or onychosis is a disease or deformity of the nail.

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Nakamurellaceae

The Nakamurellaceae are an actinomycete family within the highly polyphyletic suborder Frankineae.

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Naked mole-rat

The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), also known as the sand puppy, is a burrowing rodent native to parts of East Africa.

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Nan River

The Nan River (แม่น้ำน่าน) is a river in Thailand.

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Nannochloropsis

Nannochloropsis is a genus of algae comprising 6 known species.

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Nano guitar

The nano guitar is a microscopically small carved guitar.

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Nanobe

A nanobe is a tiny filamental structure first found in some rocks and sediments.

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Nanochemistry

Nanochemistry is the combination of chemistry and nanoscience.

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Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 to 1000 nanometres (10−9 meter) but usually is 1 to 100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale).

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Nanopillar

Nanopillars is an emerging technology within the field of nanostructures.

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Nanorobotics

Nanorobotics is an emerging technology field creating machines or robots whose components are at or near the scale of a nanometre (10−9 meters).

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Naomi Datta

Naomi Datta, FRS (17 September 1922 – 30 November 2008) was a distinguished British geneticist.

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Narcissus (plant)

Narcissus is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants of the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family.

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Nasal cavity

The nasal cavity (nasal fossa, or nasal passage) is a large air filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face.

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Nasuia deltocephalinicola

Nasuia deltocephalinicola was recently discovered to have the smallest genome of all bacteria, with 112,091 nucleotides.

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Nasutitermes corniger

Nasutitermes corniger is a species of arboreal termite that is endemic to the neotropics.

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National Eye Institute

The National Eye Institute (NEI) was established in 1968 and is located in Bethesda, Maryland.

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National Institute for Basic Biology, Japan

The (NIBB)　is a research institute and post graduate university in Okazaki City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.

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National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology

The National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, also known as NIMBB, is a research institute of the University of the Philippines.

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National Microbial Pathogen Data Resource

The was one of the eight Bioinformatics Resource Centers funded by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

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National School Lunch Act

The Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (79 P.L. 396, 60 Stat. 230) is a United States federal law that created the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) to provide low-cost or free school lunch meals to qualified students through subsidies to schools.

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Natranaerobiaceae

The Natranaerobiaceae are a family of bacteria placed within the class Clostridia.

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Natranaerobiales

The Natranaerobiales are an order of bacteria placed within the class Clostridia.

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Nattō

is a traditional Japanese food made from soybeans fermented with Bacillus subtilis var. natto.

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Natural competence

In microbiology, genetics, cell biology, and molecular biology, competence is the ability of a cell to alter its genetics by taking up extracellular ("naked") DNA from its environment in the process called transformation.

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Natural computing

Natural computing,G.Rozenberg, T.Back, J.Kok, Editors, Handbook of Natural Computing, Springer Verlag, 2012A.Brabazon, M.O'Neill, S.McGarraghy.

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Natural environment

The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial.

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Natural farming

Natural farming is an ecological farming approach established by Masanobu Fukuoka (1913–2008), a Japanese farmer and philosopher, introduced in his 1975 book The One-Straw Revolution.

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Natural gum

Natural gums are polysaccharides of natural origin, capable of causing a large increase in a solution’s viscosity, even at small concentrations.

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Natural History Museum (Axioupoli)

The museum opened on 8 June 1997 as part of the cultural and tourist development of the town of Axioupoli in the Kilkis regional unit in Central Macedonia, Greece.

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Natural History of an Alien

Natural History of an Alien also known as Anatomy of an Alien in the US was an early Discovery Channel mockumentary similar to Alien Planet, aired in 1998.

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Natural product

A natural product is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature.

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Naturalistic disease theories

In medical anthropology, naturalistic disease theories are those theories, present within a culture, which explain diseases and illnesses in impersonal terms.

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Nausea

Nausea or queasiness is an unpleasant sense of unease, discomfort, and revulsion towards food.

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Nautilia lithotrophica

Nautilia lithotrophica is a thermophilic sulfur-reducing epsilon-proteobacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent.

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Nautilia profundicola

Nautilia profundicola is a Gram-negative chemolithoautotrophic epsilonproteobacterium found around hydrothermal vents in the deep ocean.

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Nautiliaceae

The Nautiliaceae are a family of bacteria placed in an order to itself, Nautiliales, or in the order Campylobacterales.

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Naxibacter

Naxibacter is a genus of bacteria in the Oxalobacteraceae family.

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Naxibacter alkalitolerans

Naxibacter alkalitolerans is a chemo-organotrophic, catalase-positive, aerobic, and Gram-negative bacterium, which was isolated from a soil sample collected from Yunnan Province in China.

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Naxibacter haematophilus

Naxibacter haematophilus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, oxidase-positive, and nonspore-forming bacterium which was isolated from clinical specimens and water samples.

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Naxibacter suwonensis

Naxibacter suwonensis is a Gram-negative aerobic motile with a single flagellum, and rod-shaped bacterium which was isolated with Massilia jejuensis from air samples on the Jeju Island and Suwon region of Korea.

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Naxibacter varians

Naxibacter varians is a Gram negative, nonmotile rod-shaped, nonspore-forming, and oxidase positive bacterium from the Oxalobacteraceae family, which was isolated from clinical specimens and water samples.

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Nazi human experimentation

Nazi human experimentation was a series of medical experiments on large numbers of prisoners, including children, by Nazi Germany in its concentration camps in the early to mid 1940s, during World War II and the Holocaust.

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NCH Corporation

NCH Corporation is an international marketer of maintenance products.

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Neanderthal genome project

The Neanderthal genome project is an effort of a group of scientists to sequence the Neanderthal genome, founded in July 2006.

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Necrotising hepatopancreatitis

Necrotising hepatopancreatitis (NHP), is also known as Texas necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (TNHP), Texas Pond Mortality Syndrome (TPMS) and Peru necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (PNHP), is a lethal epizootic disease of farmed shrimp.

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Necrotizing fasciitis

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF), commonly known as flesh-eating disease, is an infection that results in the death of the body's soft tissue.

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Negative stain

Negative staining is an established method, often used in diagnostic microscopy, for contrasting a thin specimen with an optically opaque fluid.

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Negativicutes

The Negativicutes are a class of firmicute bacteria, whose members have a peculiar cell wall with a lipopolysaccharide outer membrane which stains Gram-negative, unlike most other members of the Firmicutes.

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Neglected tropical diseases

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a diverse group of tropical infections which are especially common in low-income populations in developing regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas.

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Negligible senescence

Negligible senescence is the lack of symptoms of aging in some organisms.

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NEIL3

Nei endonuclease VIII-like 3 (E. coli) is a protein in humans that is encoded by the NEIL3 gene.

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Neisseria

Neisseria is a large genus of bacteria that colonize the mucosal surfaces of many animals.

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Neisseria bacilliformis

Neisseria bacilliformis is a bacterium commonly found living as a commensal in the mucous membranes of mammals.

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Neisseria cinerea

Neisseria cinerea is a commensal species grouped with the Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, and catalase-positive diplococci.

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Neisseria elongata

Neisseria elongata is a Gram negative bacterium and is different from the other cocci shaped members of the genus Neisseria as it is rod shaped.

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Neisseria flava

Neisseria flava (Latin: flava, yellow, golden) is a bacterium belonging to a group of species under the genus Neisseria that is considered non-pathogenic.

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Neisseria flavescens

In 1928, Neisseria flavescens was first isolated from cerebrospinal fluid in the midst of an epidemic meningitis outbreak in Chicago.

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococcus (singular), or gonococci (plural) is a species of gram-negative diplococci bacteria isolated by Albert Neisser in 1879.

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Neisseria lactamica

Neisseria lactamica is a gram-negative diplococcus bacterium.

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Neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis.

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Neisseria mucosa

Neisseria mucosa is a species of Neisseria.

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Neisseria polysaccharea

Neisseria polysaccharea was described in 1983 and is characterized by its ability to produce acid from glucose and maltose and polysaccharide from sucrose.

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Neisseria sicca

Neisseria sicca is a commensal organism belonging to the genus Neisseria.

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Neisseria sigma-E sRNA

Neisseria sigma-E sRNA (NSE sRNA) is a non-coding RNA found in the bacterial genus Neisseria, including the two pathogens N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae.

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Neisseria subflava

Neisseria subflava is a common inhabitant found in the human upper respiratory tract.

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Neisseria weaveri

Neisseria weaveri is a gram-negative bacterium associated with dog bite wounds.

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Nekton

Nekton or necton refers to the aggregate of actively swimming aquatic organisms in a body of water.

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Nelfinavir

Nelfinavir (brand name Viracept) is an antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

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Neocallimastigomycota

Neocallimastigomycota is a phylum containing anaerobic fungi, which are symbionts found in the digestive tracts of larger herbivores.

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Neochlamydia hartmannellae

Neochlamydia hartmannellae is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus.

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Neomura

Neomura is a possible clade composed of the two domains of life of Archaea and Eukaryota.

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Neonatal infection

No description.

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Neopluramycin

Neopluramycin Neopluramycin is an antibiotic that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis.

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Neopterin

Neopterin is a catabolic product of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), a purine nucleotide.

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Neorhizobium

Neorhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen.

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Neorhizobium galegae

Neorhizobium galegae is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria.

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Neorhizobium huautlense

Neorhizobium huautlense is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria.

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Neorickettsia

Neorickettsia is a genus of bacteria.

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Neorickettsia risticii

Neorickettsia risticii (formerly Ehrlichia risticii) is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes Potomac horse fever.

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Neorickettsia sennetsu

Neorickettsia sennetsu (formerly Ehrlichia sennetsu) is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes Sennetsu ehrlichiosis.

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Neotrypaea californiensis

Neotrypaea californiensis (formerly Callianassa californiensis), the Bay ghost shrimp, is a species of ghost shrimp that lives on the Pacific coast of North America.

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Nepenthes ampullaria

Nepenthes ampullaria (Latin: ampulla "flask") is a very distinctive and widespread species of tropical pitcher plant, present in Borneo, the Maluku Islands, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, and Thailand.

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Nepenthes mirabilis

Nepenthes mirabilis (from Latin: mirabilis.

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Nepenthes rafflesiana

Nepenthes rafflesiana (after Stamford Raffles), or Raffles' pitcher-plant,Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996.

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Neptunomonas antarctica

Neptunomonas antarctica is a species of bacteria.

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Neptunomonas concharum

Neptunomonas concharum is a species of bacteria.

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Neptunomonas japonica

Neptunomonas japonica is a species of bacteria.

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Neptunomonas naphthovorans

Neptunomonas naphthovorans is a species of bacteria.

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Neptunomonas qingdaonensis

Neptunomonas qingdaonensis is a species of bacteria.

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Nereida

In taxonomy, Nereida is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Nested gene

A nested gene is a gene whose entire coding sequence lies within the bounds (between the start codon and the stop codon) of a larger external gene.

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Netilmicin

Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics.

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Neukom Vivarium

Neukom Vivarium is a 2006 mixed media installation by American artist Mark Dion, located at Olympic Sculpture Park in Seattle, Washington, United States.

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Neuroimmunology

Neuroimmunology is a field combining neuroscience, the study of the nervous system, and immunology, the study of the immune system.

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Neutral red

Neutral red (toluylene red, Basic Red 5, or C.I. 50040) is a eurhodin dye used for staining in histology.

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Neutropenia

Neutropenia or neutropaenia is an abnormally low concentration of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) in the blood.

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Neutropenic enterocolitis

Neutropenic enterocolitis, also known as typhlitis or typhlenteritis, and less commonly called caecitis or cecitis, is inflammation of the cecum (part of the large intestine) that may be associated with infection.

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Neutrophil

Neutrophils (also known as neutrocytes) are the most abundant type of granulocytes and the most abundant (40% to 70%) type of white blood cells in most mammals.

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Neutrophilia

Neutrophilia (also called neutrophil leukocytosis or occasionally neutrocytosis) is leukocytosis of neutrophils, that is, a high number of neutrophil granulocytes in the blood.

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New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1

New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) is an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of beta-lactam antibiotics.

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New Westminster Secondary School

New Westminster Secondary School is a secondary school in New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada.

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New World vulture

The New World vulture or condor family Cathartidae contains seven species in five genera, all but one of which are monotypic.

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Newell Sill Jenkins

Newell Sill Jenkins (* December 29, 1840 Falmouth, Massachusetts — September 25, 1919 Le Havre, France) was an American dentist who practiced most of his life in Dresden, Germany.

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Nickel

Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28.

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Nickel superoxide dismutase

Nickel superoxide dismutase (Ni-SOD) is a metalloenzyme that, like the other superoxide dismutases, protects cells from oxidative damage by catalyzing the disproportionation of the cytotoxic superoxide radical (O) to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen.

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Nicolai Ivanovich Andrusov

Nicolai Ivanovich Andrusov (Николай Иванович Андрусов, Nikolay Ivanovich Andrusov) (December 19, 1861 – April 27, 1924) was a Ukrainian geologist, stratigrapher, and palaeontologist.

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Nicotinate-nucleotide—dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase

In enzymology, a nicotinate-nucleotide-dimethylbenzimidazole phosphoribosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are beta-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide and 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, whereas its two products are nicotinate and alpha-ribazole 5'-phosphate.

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Nicrophorus tomentosus

Gold-necked carrion beetle, or Tomentose burying beetle (Nicrophorus tomentosus), is a species of burying beetle that was described by Friedrich Weber in 1801.

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NiFe hydrogenase

hydrogenase is a type of hydrogenase, which is an oxidative enzyme that reversibly convert molecular hydrogen in prokaryotes including Bacteria and Archaea.

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Nigericin

Nigericin is an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus.

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Nigrosin

Nigrosin (CI 50415, Solvent black 5) is a mixture of synthetic black dyes made by heating a mixture of nitrobenzene, aniline, and hydrochloric acid in the presence of a copper or iron.

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Nisaea (genus)

Nisaea is a genus in the phylum Proteobacteria (Bacteria), which contains two species, namely N. denitrificans and N. nitritireducens, which were described in 2008.

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Nisin

Nisin is a polycyclic antibacterial peptide produced by the bacterium Lactococcus lactis that is used as a food preservative.

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Nitrate reductase test

The nitrate reductase test is a test to differentiate between bacteria based on their ability or inability to reduce nitrate (NO3−) to nitrite (NO2−) using anaerobic respiration.

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Nitratireductor

Nitratireductor is a genus of bacteria.

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Nitratireductor aquibiodomus

Nitratireductor aquibiodomus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Nitratireductor which was isolated from a marine denitrification system in Canada.

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Nitratireductor aquimarinus

Nitratireductor aquimarinus is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacteria from the genus of Nitratireductor which was isolated from Skeletonema costatum from the Sea of Japan in Korea.

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Nitratireductor basaltis

Nitratireductor basaltis is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacteria from the genus of Nitratireductor which was isolated from black sand from the Soesoggak beach on the Jeju Island in South Korea.

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Nitratireductor indicus

Nitratireductor indicus is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive mobile bacteria from the genus of Nitratireductor which was isolated from deep-sea water of the Indian Ocean.

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Nitratireductor kimnyeongensis

Nitratireductor kimnyeongensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacteria from the genus of Nitratireductor which was isolated from the Kimnyeong Beach in Jeju from the Republic of Korea.

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Nitratireductor lucknowense

Nitratireductor lucknowense is a bacterium from the genus of Nitratireductor which was isolated from pesticide contaminated soil in Lucknow in India.

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Nitratireductor pacificus

Nitratireductor pacificus is a Gram-negative and motile bacteria from the genus of Nitratireductor which was isolated from enriched sediment from the Pacific Ocean.

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Nitrification

Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia or ammonium to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate.

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Nitriliruptoria

The Nitriliruptoria are one of five classes of Actinobacteria, which contains four monotypic genera placed in separate orders.

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Nitrobacter

Nitrobacter is a genus comprising rod-shaped, gram-negative, and chemoautotrophic bacteria.

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Nitrobacter alkalicus

Nitrobacter alkalicus is a nitrite-oxidizing bacteria from the genus of Nitrobacter.

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Nitrobacter hamburgensis

Nitrobacter hamburgensis is a gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Nitrobacter.

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Nitrobacter vulgaris

Nitrobacter vulgaris is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative, and a chemoautotrophic bacterium.

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Nitrobacter winogradskyi

Nitrobacter winogradskyi is a gram-negative nitrite-oxidizing bacteria from the genus of Nitrobacter.

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Nitrobacteraceae

Nitrobacteraceae is a family of Alphaproteobacteria.

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Nitrocefin

Nitrocefin is a chromogenic cephalosporin substrate routinely used to detect the presence of beta-lactamase enzymes produced by various microbes.

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Nitrogen cycle

The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among the atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems.

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Nitrogen fixation

Nitrogen fixation is a process by which nitrogen in the Earth's atmosphere is converted into ammonia (NH3) or other molecules available to living organisms.

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Nitrogenase

Nitrogenases are enzymes that are produced by certain bacteria, such as cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).

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Nitroimidazole

5-Nitroimidazole is an organic compound with the formula O2NC3H2N2H.

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Nitrosomonadales

The NitrosomonadalesBoden, R; Hutt, LP, Rae AW (2017) Reclassification of Thiobacillus aquaesulis (Wood & Kelly, 1995) as Annwoodia aquaesulis gen.

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Nitrosomonas

Nitrosomonas is a genus of Gram-negative rod-shaped chemoautotrophic bacteria.

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Nitrosomonas aestuarii

Nitrosomonas aestuarii is a gram-negative, aerobe, bacterium from the genus of Nitrosomonas which metabolize ammonia to nitrite for its source of energy.

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Nitrosomonas communis

Nitrosomonas communis is a ammonia-oxidizing, gram-negative, bacterium from the genus of Nitrosomonas which was isolated from the rhizoplane of the reed (Phragmites communis) from a wastewater treatment plant.

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Nitrosomonas europaea

Nitrosomonas europaea is a Gram-negative obligate chemolithoautotroph that can derive all its energy and reductant for growth from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and lives in several places such as soil, sewage, freshwater, the walls of buildings and on the surface of monuments especially in polluted areas where the air contains high levels of nitrogen compounds.

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Nitrosomonas eutropha

Nitrosomonas eutropha is an ammonia-oxidizing, Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Nitrosomonas.

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Nitrosomonas halophila

Nitrosomonas halophila is a ammonia-oxidizing, aerobe, Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Nitrosomonas.

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Nitrosomonas marina

Nitrosomonas marina is a ammonia-oxidizing, aerobe, gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Nitrosomonas.

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Nitrosomonas nitrosa

Nitrosomonas nitrosa is a ammonia-oxidizing, aerobe, gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Nitrosomonas.

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Nitrosomonas oligotropha

Nitrosomonas oligotropha is a ammonia-oxidizing, aerobe, gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Nitrosomonas which occurs in chloraminated drinking water systems.

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Nitrosomonas ureae

Nitrosomonas ureae is a ammonia-oxidizing, aerobe, gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Nitrosomonas.

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Nitrospira moscoviensis

Nitrospira moscoviensis was the second bacterium classified under the most diverse nitrite-oxidizing bacteria phylum, Nitrospirae.

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Nitrospirae

Nitrospirae is a phylum of bacteria.

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Nitrous oxide

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or nitrous, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula.

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Nocardia

Nocardia is a genus of weakly staining Gram-positive, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria.

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Nocardia asteroides

Nocardia asteroides is a species of Nocardia.

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Nocardia brasiliensis

Nocardia brasiliensis is a species of Nocardia.

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Nocardia farcinica

Nocardia farcinica is a species of bacteria and a member of the genus Nocardia.

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Nocardia ignorata

Nocardia ignorata is a species of bacteria and a member of the genus Nocardia.

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Nocardiaceae

The Nocardiaceae are a family of aerobic, non-fastidious, high G+C, Gram-positive actinomycetes that are commonly found in soil and water.

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Nocardioides

Nocardioides is a Gram-positive, mesophilic and aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Nocardioidaceae.

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Nocardioides aestuarii

Nocardioides aquaticus is a strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from tidal flat sediments in Korea.

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Nocardioides agariphilus

Nocardioides agariphilus is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from farming field soil on the Bigeum Island in Korea.

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Nocardioides albertanoniae

Nocardioides albertanoniae is a gram-positive, aerobic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from green biofilm growing on a wall of the Domitilla Catacombs in Rome, Italy.

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Nocardioides albidus

Nocardioides albidus is a Gram-positive, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from soil from Incheon in Korea.

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Nocardioides alkalitolerans

Nocardioides alkalitolerans is a gram-positive bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from soil in South Korea.

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Nocardioides alpinus

Nocardioides alpinus is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, psychrophilic and non-motile bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from cryoconite of an alpine glacier in the Ötztal Alps in Austria.

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Nocardioides antarcticus

Nocardioides antarcticus is a gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from marine sediments from Ardley Cove near King George Island in Antarctica.

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Nocardioides aquaticus

Nocardioides aquaticus is a species of Gram-positive, non-motile and aerobic bacteria.

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Nocardioides aquiterrae

Nocardioides aquiterrae is a bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from groundwater in South Korea.

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Nocardioides aromaticivorans

Nocardioides aromaticivorans is a gram-positive non-motile bacterium from the genus Nocardioides thathas been isolated from a river contaminated with dioxin in Kanagawa, Japan.

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Nocardioides bigeumensis

Nocardioides bigeumensis is a gram-positive bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from farming field soil on Bigeum Island, South Korea.

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Nocardioides caeni

Nocardioides caeni is a gram-positive and non-motile bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from sludge from domestic wastewater in Daejeon, South Korea.

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Nocardioides caricicola

Nocardioides caricicola is a gram-positive and coccoid to rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from a root of the plant Carex scabrifolia on Namhae Island, South Korea.

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Nocardioides conyzicola

Nocardioides conyzicola is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides.

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Nocardioides daecheongensis

Nocardioides daecheongensis is a gram-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from forest soil from Incheon on Daecheong Island, South Korea.

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Nocardioides daedukensis

Nocardioides daedukensis is a gram-positive and non-motile bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from soil around a wastewater treatment plant in Taejon, South Korea.

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Nocardioides daeguensis

Nocardioides daeguensis is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, nitrate-reducing and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from sludge from an industrial wastewater treatment plant in Daegu, South Korea.

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Nocardioides daejeonensis

Nocardioides daejeonensis is a gram-positive, denitrifying, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from a sewage disposal plant at Daejeon, South Korea.

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Nocardioides daphniae

Nocardioides daphniae is a gram-positive bacterium from the genus Nocardioides that has been isolated from the water flea Daphnia cucullata from Lake Balaton in Hungary.

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Nocardioides deserti

Nocardioides deserti is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus Nocardioides which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from the plant Alhagi sparsifolia in the Taklimakan desert in Xinjiang in China.

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Nocardioides dilutus

Nocardioides dilutus is a bacterium from the genus Nocardioides which has been isolated from a farming field on the Bikeum island in South Korea.

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Nocardioides dokdonensis

Nocardioides dokdonensis is a bacterium from the genus Nocardioides which has been isolated from sand sediments from the beach of the Dokdo Island in Korea.

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Nocardioides dubius

Nocardioides dubius is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus Nocardioides which has been isolated from alkaline soil in Kwangchun in Korea.

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Nocardioides echinoideorum

Nocardioides echinoideorum is a Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motil bacterium from the genus Nocardioides which has been isolated from the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla near the Penghu Island on Taiwan.

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Nocardioides endophyticus

Nocardioides endophyticus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus Nocardioides.

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Nocardioides exalbidus

Nocardioides exalbidus is a rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from lichen on the Izu Oshima Island on Japan.

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Nocardioides fonticola

Nocardioides fonticola is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from a freshwater spring in Kaohsiung on Taiwan.

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Nocardioides furvisabuli

Nocardioides furvisabuli is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from black beach sand from the Samyang Beach on the Jeju Island in Korea.

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Nocardioides ganghwensis

Nocardioides ganghwensis is a strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from tidal flat sediments on the Ganghwa Island in Korea.

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Nocardioides ginsengagri

Nocardioides ginsengagri is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in the Baekdu Mountain in China.

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Nocardioides ginsengisegetis

Nocardioides ginsengisegetis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Pocheon in Korea.

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Nocardioides ginsengisoli

Nocardioides ginsengisoli is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Pocheon in Korea.

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Nocardioides halotolerans

Nocardioides halotolerans is a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, halotolerant and motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from farming field soil on the Bikeum Island in Korea.

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Nocardioides hankookensis

Nocardioides hankookensis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from soil from Dokdo in Korea.

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Nocardioides humi

Nocardioides humi is a Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Korea.

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Nocardioides hungaricus

Nocardioides hungaricus is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from a drinking water supply system in Budapest in Hungary.

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Nocardioides hwasunensis

Nocardioides hwasunensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from water from the beach of Hwasun and the coast of the Jeju Island in South Korea.

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Nocardioides insulae

Nocardioides insulae is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from soil from Dokdo in Korea.

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Nocardioides iriomotensis

Nocardioides iriomotensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from forest soil from Okinawa on Japan.

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Nocardioides islandensis

Nocardioides islandensis is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from farming field soil from the Bikeum Island in Korea.

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Nocardioides kongjuensis

Nocardioides kongjuensis is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from soil from Gongju in South Korea.

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Nocardioides koreensis

Nocardioides koreensis is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from farming field soil on the Bigeum Island in Korea.

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Nocardioides kribbensis

Nocardioides kribbensis is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from alkaline soil in Korea.

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Nocardioides lentus

Nocardioides lentus is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from alkaline soil in Korea.

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Nocardioides lianchengensis

Nocardioides lianchengensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from soil from Liancheng County in China.

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Nocardioides luteus

Nocardioides luteus is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from soil in Khartoum in Sudan.

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Nocardioides maradonensis

Nocardioides maradonensis is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil around the plant Peucedanum japonicum in Jeju in Korea.

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Nocardioides marinisabuli

Nocardioides marinisabuli is a Gram-positive and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from beach sand in Jeju in Korea.

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Nocardioides marinquilinus

Nocardioides marinquilinus is a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, short rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from coastal seawater in Korea.

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Nocardioides marinus

Nocardioides marinus is a Gram-positive, slightly halophilic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from seawater from the East Sea in Korea.

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Nocardioides mesophilus

Nocardioides mesophilus is a mesophilic, rod-shaped, and motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from soil from the Bigeum Island in Korea.

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Nocardioides montaniterrae

Nocardioides montaniterrae is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from mountain soil.

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Nocardioides nitrophenolicus

Nocardioides nitrophenolicus is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from industrial wastewater.

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Nocardioides oleivorans

Nocardioides oleivorans is a chitinolytic and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from an oil sample in Gifhorn in Germany.

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Nocardioides opuntiae

Nocardioides opuntiae is a Gram-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from the cactus Opuntia fiscus-indica var.

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Nocardioides pacificus

Nocardioides pacificus is a Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from deep sub-seafloor sediments from the South Pacific Gyre.

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Nocardioides panacihumi

Nocardioides panacihumi is a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Pocheon in Korea.

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Nocardioides panacisoli

Nocardioides panacisoli is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Pocheon in Korea.

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Nocardioides panzhihuensis

Nocardioides panzhihuensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from the plant Jatropha curcas in the Sichuan Province in China.

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Nocardioides perillae

Nocardioides perillae is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from the roots of the plant Perilla frutescens from a suburb of Beijing in China.

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Nocardioides plantarum

Nocardioides plantarum is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from herbage.

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Nocardioides psychrotolerans

Nocardioides psychrotolerans is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from soil from the Hailuogou glacier from Szechuan Province in China.

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Nocardioides pyridinolyticus

Nocardioides pyridinolyticus is a pyridine-degrading bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides.

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Nocardioides rubriscoriae

Nocardioides rubriscoriae is a rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from volcanic ash from a parasitic volcano in Jeju in Korea.

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Nocardioides salarius

Nocardioides salarius is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from zooplankton from the South Sea near Korea.

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Nocardioides salsibiostraticola

Nocardioides salsibiostraticola is a Gram-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from biofilm from coastal seawater from the Norwegian Sea.

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Nocardioides sediminis

Nocardioides sediminis is a Gram-positive, aerobic and short-rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from sediments from the Bigeum Island in Korea.

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Nocardioides soli

Nocardioides soli is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, carbendazim-degrading and motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides.

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Nocardioides solisilvae

Nocardioides solisilvae is a Gram-positive, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from forest soil in Himachal Pradesh in India.

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Nocardioides szechwanensis

Nocardioides szechwanensis is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from soil from the Hailuogou glacier from the Szechuan Province in China.

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Nocardioides terrae

Nocardioides terrae is a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from forest soil from the Changbai Mountain in China.

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Nocardioides terrigena

Nocardioides terrigena is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from soil from Dokdo in Korea.

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Nocardioides tritolerans

Nocardioides tritolerans is a Gram-positive and strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from farming field soil on the Bikeum Island in Korea.

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Nocardioides ultimimeridianus

Nocardioides ultimimeridianus is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from the plant Peucedanum japonicum from the Mara Island in Korea.

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Nocardioides zeae

Nocardioides zeae is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Nocardioides which has been isolated from the internal stem tissue of a corn plant (Zea mays) from the Smith Research Center in Tallassee in the United States.

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Nocardiopsis

Nocardiopsis is a bacterial genus from the family of Nocardiopsaceae which can produces some antimicrobial compounds, including thiopeptides.

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Nocardiopsis aegyptia

Nocardiopsis aegyptia is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from marine sediments from the Abu Qir Bay from Alexandria in Egypt.

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Nocardiopsis alba

Nocardiopsis alba is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from a patient.

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Nocardiopsis algeriensis

Nocardiopsis algeriensis is an alkalitolerant bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolate from saharan soil from the Adrar Province in Algeria.

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Nocardiopsis alkaliphila

Nocardiopsis alkaliphila is an alkaliphilic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from soil from Egypt.

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Nocardiopsis ansamitocini

Nocardiopsis ansamitocini is an alkalitolerant bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from soil from the Xinjiang province in China.

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Nocardiopsis arvandica

Nocardiopsis arvandica is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from sandy soil from the Arvand River in Khoramshahr in Iran.

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Nocardiopsis baichengensis

Nocardiopsis baichengensis is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from hypersaline soil in China.

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Nocardiopsis chromatogenes

Nocardiopsis chromatogenes is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from hypersaline soil from China.

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Nocardiopsis composta

Nocardiopsis composta is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from a composting facility in Germany.

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Nocardiopsis coralliicola

Nocardiopsis coralliicola is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from the coral Menella praelonga from the Weizhou Island in China.

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Nocardiopsis exhalans

Nocardiopsis exhalans is a species of bacteria.

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Nocardiopsis fildesensis

Nocardiopsis fildesensis is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from soil from the Chinese Antarctic Great Wall Station on the King George Island.

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Nocardiopsis flavescens

Nocardiopsis flavescens is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from the seashore of Lianyungang in China.

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Nocardiopsis ganjiahuensis

Nocardiopsis ganjiahuensis is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from soil from the Ganjiahu Natural Reserve from the Xinjiang Province in China.

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Nocardiopsis gilva

Nocardiopsis gilva is a halophilic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from hypersaline soil in China.

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Nocardiopsis halophila

Nocardiopsis halophila is a halophilic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from saline soil in Iraq.

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Nocardiopsis halotolerans

Nocardiopsis halotolerans is a halotolerant bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from salt marsh soil from the desert in Kuwait.

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Nocardiopsis kunsanensis

Nocardiopsis kunsanensis is a species of moderately halophilic actinomycete bacteria.

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Nocardiopsis listeri

Nocardiopsis listeri is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from human clinical isolates.

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Nocardiopsis litoralis

Nocardiopsis litoralis is a Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, alkalitolerant and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from a sea anemone from the South China Sea near the Naozhou Island in China.

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Nocardiopsis metallicus

Nocardiopsis metallicus is an alkaliphilic and metal-mobilizing bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from an alkaline slag dump in Germany.

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Nocardiopsis nanhaiensis

Nocardiopsis nanhaiensis is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from the South China Sea.

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Nocardiopsis nikkonensis

Nocardiopsis nikkonensis is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from compost soil in Nikko in Japan.

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Nocardiopsis oceani

Nocardiopsis oceani is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from the South China Sea.

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Nocardiopsis potens

Nocardiopsis potens is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from household waste in Stuttgart in Germany.

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Nocardiopsis quinghaiensis

Nocardiopsis quinghaiensis is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from alkaline soil in Qaidam Basin in China.

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Nocardiopsis rhodophaea

Nocardiopsis rhodophaea is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from hypersaline soil in China.

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Nocardiopsis rosea

Nocardiopsis rosea is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from hypersaline soil in China.

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Nocardiopsis salina

Nocardiopsis salina is a halophilic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from hypersaline soil in the Xinjiang Province in China.

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Nocardiopsis sinuspersici

Nocardiopsis sinuspersici is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from sandy rhizospheric soil from Sarbandar in the Khuzestan Province in Iran.

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Nocardiopsis terrae

Nocardiopsis terrae is a Gram-positive, halophilic, facultatively alkaliphilic and obligately aerobic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from saline soil from the Qaidam Basin in the Qinghai Province in China.

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Nocardiopsis trehalosi

Nocardiopsis trehalosi is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from soil.

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Nocardiopsis tropica

Nocardiopsis tropica is a bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis.

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Nocardiopsis umidischolae

Nocardiopsis umidischolae is a species of bacteria.

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Nocardiopsis valliformis

Nocardiopsis valliformis is an alkaliphilic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from soil from a alkali lake in China.

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Nocardiopsis xinjiangensis

Nocardiopsis xinjiangensis is a halophilic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from saline soil in the Xinjiang Province in China.

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Nocardiopsis yanglingensis

Nocardiopsis yanglingensis is a thermophilic bacterium from the genus of Nocardiopsis which has been isolated from compost of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms.

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Noctiluca scintillans

Noctiluca scintillans, commonly known as the sea sparkle, and also published as Noctiluca miliaris, is a free-living, marine-dwelling species of dinoflagellate that exhibits bioluminescence when disturbed (popularly known as mareel).

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Nod factor

Nodulation (Nod) factors are signaling molecules produced by bacteria known as rhizobia during the initiation of nodules on the root of legumes.

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NOD2

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2), also known as caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15 (CARD15) or inflammatory bowel disease protein 1 (IBD1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NOD2 gene located on chromosome 16.

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Nodularia

Nodularia is a genus of filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae.

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Nogalamycin

Nogalamycin is an anthracycline antibiotic produced by soil bacteria Streptomyces nogalater.

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Nomenclature codes

Nomenclature codes or codes of nomenclature are the various rulebooks that govern biological taxonomic nomenclature, each in their own broad field of organisms.

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Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies

The nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies is a naming scheme for assigning generic, or nonproprietary, names to monoclonal antibodies.

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Non-cellular life

Non-cellular life is life that exists without a cellular structure for at least part of its life cycle.

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Non-coding RNA

A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is an RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein.

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Non-fermenter

Non-fermenters (also non-fermenting bacteria) are a taxonomically heterogeneous group of bacteria of the division Proteobacteria that cannot catabolize glucose, and are thus unable to ferment.

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Non-Filter

Non-Filter or Non Filter is a category of air purification system created by Microgenix Technology Ltd., a UK-based company that invented the technology.

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Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis

Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is a form of endocarditis in which small sterile vegetations are deposited on the valve leaflets.

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Nonpathogenic organisms

Nonpathogenic organisms are those that do not cause disease, harm or death to another organism and is usually used to describe bacteria.

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Nonpoint source pollution

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is a term used to describe pollution resulting from many diffuse sources, in direct contrast to point source pollution which results from a single source.

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Nonribosomal peptide

Nonribosomal peptides (NRP) are a class of peptide secondary metabolites, usually produced by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.

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Northern brook lamprey

The northern brook lamprey (Ichthyomyzon fossor) is freshwater fish in the family Petromyzontidae.

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Northern Regional Research Lab

The Northern Regional Research Laboratory (Also known as NRRL) is a laboratory that researches and stores over 99,000 strains of actinomycetes, bacteria, mold, and yeast.

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Norton Zinder

Norton David Zinder (November 7, 1928 – February 3, 2012) was an American biologist famous for his discovery of genetic transduction.

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Norwegian Black List

The Norwegian Black List (Norsk svarteliste) is an overview of alien species in Norway, with ecologial risk assessments for some of the species.

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Nosocomiicoccus

Nosocomiicoccus is a genus of Gram-positive cocci.

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Nosology

Nosology is a classification scheme used in medicine to classify diseases.

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Nostoc

Nostoc is a genus of cyanobacteria found in various environments that forms colonies composed of filaments of moniliform cells in a gelatinous sheath.

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Nostoc commune

Nostoc commune is a species of cyanobacterium in the family Nostocaceae.

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Nostoc commune var. sphaeroides

Nostoc commune var.

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Nostoc pruniforme

Nostoc pruniforme (Mare's eggs) are a species of cyanobacterium.

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Nostoc punctiforme

Nostoc punctiforme is a species of filamentous cyanobacteria.

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Nostoc verrucosum

Nostoc verrucosum is a species of cyanobacteria usually found in colonies and in globose racks.

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Nostocaceae

The Nostocaceae are a family of cyanobacteria that forms filament-shaped colonies enclosed in mucus or a gelatinous sheath.

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Nostocales

The Nostocales are an order of cyanobacteria containing most of its species.

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NotI

NotI is a restriction enzyme isolated from the bacterium Nocardia otitidis.

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Noun

A noun (from Latin nōmen, literally meaning "name") is a word that functions as the name of some specific thing or set of things, such as living creatures, objects, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas.

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Nourseothricin

Nourseothricin (NTC) is a member of the streptothricin-class of aminoglycoside antibiotics produced by Streptomyces species.

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November 1915

The following events occurred in November 1915.

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Novosphingobium

Novosphingobium is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that includes N. taihuense, which can degrade aromatic compounds such as phenol, aniline, nitrobenzene and phenanthrene.

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Novosphingobium acidiphilum

Novosphingobium acidiphilum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, acidophilic, non-spore-forming and motile bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from the subsurface water of the lake Grosse Fuchskuhle in Brandenburg in Germany.

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Novosphingobium aquaticum

Novosphingobium aquaticum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from lake wate in Suwon in Korea.

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Novosphingobium aquiterrae

Novosphingobium aquiterrae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-spore-formin and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from ground water from Daejeon in Korea.

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Novosphingobium arabidopsis

Novosphingobium arabidopsis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from the rhizosphere of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Novosphingobium barchaimii

Novosphingobium barchaimii is a bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from soil which was contaminated with hexachlorocyclohexane from the Spolana Neratovice plant in the Czech Republic.

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Novosphingobium chloroacetimidivorans

Novosphingobium capsulatum is a Gram-negative, chloroacetamide-degrading and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in Kunshan City in China.

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Novosphingobium endophyticum

Novosphingobium endophyticum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from the roots of the plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis from Yuli County in China.

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Novosphingobium fluoreni

Novosphingobium fluoreni is a Gram-negative, fluorene-degrading, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated rice seeds from Jiansanjiang in China.

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Novosphingobium fuchskuhlense

Novosphingobium fuchskuhlense is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from the lake Grosse Fuchskuhle in Brandenburg in Germany.

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Novosphingobium gossypii

Novosphingobium gossypii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from tissues from the plant Gossypium hirsutum.

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Novosphingobium hassiacum

Novosphingobium hassiacum is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from a sewage pond in Germany.

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Novosphingobium indicum

Novosphingobium indicum is a bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from deep-sea water from the Indian Ocean.

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Novosphingobium kunmingense

Novosphingobium kunmingense is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from a phosphate mine in Kunming in China.

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Novosphingobium lentum

Novosphingobium lentum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, psychrotolerant and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from chlorophenol-contaminated groundwater in Finland.

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Novosphingobium lindaniclasticum

Novosphingobium lindaniclasticum is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from a hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite in Lucknow in India.

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Novosphingobium malaysiense

Novosphingobium malaysiense is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from mangrove soil from the Tanjung Lumpur rive in Pahang in Malaysia.

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Novosphingobium marinum

Novosphingobium marinum is a Gram-negative, aerobic and short rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from sea water from the Pacific Ocean.

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Novosphingobium mathurense

Novosphingobium mathurense is a Gram-negative and halophilic bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from oil-contaminated soil in Mathura in India.

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Novosphingobium naphthalenivorans

Novosphingobium naphthalenivorans is a Gram-negative and strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from soil which was contaminated with polychlorinated-dioxin in Japan.

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Novosphingobium nitrogenifigens

Novosphingobium nitrogenifigens is a Gram-negative, diazotroph and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from pulp and paper wastewater in New Zealand.

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Novosphingobium oryzae

Novosphingobium oryzae is a plant-promoting bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium.

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Novosphingobium panipatense

Novosphingobium panipatense is a Gram-negative and halophilic bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from oil-contaminated soil in Panipat in India.

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Novosphingobium pentaromativorans

Novosphingobium pentaromativorans is a species of high-molecular-mass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium.

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Novosphingobium rhizosphaerae

Novosphingobium rhizosphaerae is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from the rhizosphere of the plant Zea mays in Tallassee in the United States.

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Novosphingobium sediminicola

Novosphingobium sediminicola is a Gram-negative, short rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from freshwater sediments from the Lake Hakha in Korea.

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Novosphingobium soli

Novosphingobium soli is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from oil-contaminated soil near an oil refinery in Kaohsiung County in Taiwan.

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Novosphingobium taihuense

Novosphingobium taihuense is a bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from lake sediments from the Taihu Lake in China.

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Novosphingobium tardaugens

Novosphingobium tardaugens is a oestradiol-degrading bacterium from the genus of Novosphingobium which has been isolated from activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant in Japan.

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NsiR4 small RNA

NsiR4 (nitrogen stress-induced RNA 4), former name SyR12, is a cyanobacterial non-coding RNA which plays role in the regulation of Glutamine synthetase (GS), a key enzyme in biological nitrogen assimilation.

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Nubsella

Nubsella is a genus from the family of Sphingobacteriaceae with one known species (Nubsella zeaxanthinifaciens).

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Nubsella zeaxanthinifaciens

Nubsella zeaxanthinifaciens is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Nubsella which has been isolated from freshwater in Misasa in Japan.

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Nuclear RNase P

In molecular biology, nuclear ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a ubiquitous endoribonuclease, found in archaea, bacteria and eukarya as well as chloroplasts and mitochondria.

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Nuclear technology

Nuclear technology is technology that involves the nuclear reactions of atomic nuclei.

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Nucleic acid

Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or small biomolecules, essential to all known forms of life.

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Nucleic acid tertiary structure

Nucleic acid tertiary structure is the three-dimensional shape of a nucleic acid polymer.

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Nucleic acid test

A nucleic acid test (NAT) or nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) is a technique utilized to detect a particular nucleic acid, virus, or bacteria which acts as a pathogen in blood, tissue, urine, etc.

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Nucleoside-diphosphate kinase

Nucleoside-diphosphate kinases (NDPKs, also NDP kinase, (poly)nucleotide kinases and nucleoside diphosphokinases) are enzymes that catalyze the exchange of terminal phosphate between different nucleoside diphosphates (NDP) and triphosphates (NTP) in a reversible manner to produce nucleotide triphosphates.

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Nude swimming

Nude swimming, or skinny dipping, is the practice of bathing naked, originally in natural bodies of water, but also in swimming pools or hot tubs.

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Nurse's cap

A nurse's cap or nursing cap is part of the female nurse's uniform, introduced early in the history of the profession.

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Nutrient agar

Nutrient agar is a general purpose medium supporting growth of a wide range of non-fastidious organisms.

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Nutrient cycle

A nutrient cycle (or ecological recycling) is the movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of matter.

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Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt

The Nuvvuagittuq Greenstone Belt (NGB) is a sequence of metamorphosed mafic to ultramafic volcanic and associated sedimentary rocks (a greenstone belt) located on the eastern shore of Hudson Bay, 40 km southeast of Inukjuak, Quebec.

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Nylon-eating bacteria

Nylon-eating bacteria are a strain of Flavobacterium that are capable of digesting certain by-products of nylon 6 manufacture.

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Nystatin

Nystatin, sold under the brandname Mycostatin among others, is an antifungal medication.

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Nyt Tidsskrift

Nyt Tidsskrift is a former Norwegian literary, cultural and political periodical issued from 1882 to 1887, and with a second series from 1892 to 1895.

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O-Acetylserine

O-Acetylserine is the α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2OC(O)CH3.

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O-linked glycosylation

In the field of biochemistry, O-linked glycosylation is the attachment of a sugar molecule to an oxygen atom in an amino acid residue in a protein.

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O/OREOS

The O/OREOS (Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses) is an automated CubeSat nanosatellite laboratory approximately the size of a loaf of bread that contains two separate astrobiology experiments on board.

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Oak processionary

The oak processionary (Thaumetopoea processionea) is a moth whose caterpillars can be found in oak forests.

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Oat

The oat (Avena sativa), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural, unlike other cereals and pseudocereals).

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Objections to evolution

Objections to evolution have been raised since evolutionary ideas came to prominence in the 19th century.

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Obligate anaerobe

Obligate anaerobes are microorganisms killed by normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen (20.95% O2).

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Obligate parasite

An obligate parasite or holoparasite is a parasitic organism that cannot complete its life-cycle without exploiting a suitable host.

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OCC-1

OCC-1 (overexpressed in colon carcinoma-1) is a protein, which in humans is encoded by the gene C12orf75.

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Ocean

An ocean (the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere.

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Ocean Biogeographic Information System

The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) is a web-based access point to information about the distribution and abundance of living species in the ocean.

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Ocean Spray (cooperative)

Ocean Spray is an agricultural cooperative of growers of cranberries and grapefruit headquartered in Lakeville/Middleborough, Massachusetts.

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Ocean-V RNA motif

The Ocean-V RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure discovered using bioinformatics.

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Oceanibulbus

In taxonomy, Oceanibulbus is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Oceanicaulis

In taxonomy, Oceanicaulis is a genus of the Hyphomonadaceae.

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Oceanicola

In taxonomy, Oceanicola is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Oceanimonas

The Oceanimonas are a genus of marine Proteobacteria.

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Oceanimonas doudoroffii

Oceanimonas doudoroffii is a Gram-negative marine bacterium.

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Oceanobacillus

Oceanobacillus is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped and motile bacteria genus from the family of Bacillaceae with a peritrichous flagella.

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Oceanobacillus chironomi

Oceanobacillus chironomi is a bacterium.

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Oceanobacillus iheyensis

Oceanobacillus iheyensis is a bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Oceanobacillus kapialis

Oceanobacillus kapialis is a bacterium.

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Oceanobacillus kimchii

Oceanobacillus kimchii is a bacterium, named after kimchi, where the first isolate was found.

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Oceanobacillus neutriphilus

Oceanobacillus neutriphilus is a bacterium.

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Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi

Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi is a halotolerant, obligately alkaliphilic bacterium first isolated from the skin of a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), hence its name.

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Oceanospirillaceae

The Oceanospirillaceae are a family of Proteobacteria.

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Oceanospirillales

The Oceanospirillales are an order of Proteobacteria, with seven families.

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Ochrobactrum

Ochrobactrum is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the Brucellaceae.

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Ochrobactrum anthropi

Ochrobactrum anthropi is a bacterium.

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Ochrobactrum ciceri

Ochrobactrum ciceri is a gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic bacteria from the genus of Ochrobactrum which was isolated from Cicer arietinum in Pakistan.

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Ochrobactrum cytisi

Ochrobactrum cytisi is a non-rhyzobial root-nodulating bacteria.

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Ochrobactrum daejeonense

Ochrobactrum daejeonense is a gram-negative, nitrate-reducing aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Ochrobactrum which was isolated in Daejeon in South Korea.

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Ochrobactrum gallinifaecis

Ochrobactrum gallinifaecis is a gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Ochrobactrum which was isolated from chicken faeces in Germany.

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Ochrobactrum grignonense

Ochrobactrum grignonense is a bacterium.

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Ochrobactrum guangzhouense

Ochrobactrum guangzhouense is a bacterium from the genus of Ochrobactrum.

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Ochrobactrum haematophilum

Ochrobactrum haematophilum is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacteria from the genus of Ochrobactrum which was isolated from a man in Falun in Sweden.

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Ochrobactrum intermedium

Ochrobactrum intermedium is a bacterium from the genus of Ochrobactrum.

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Ochrobactrum lupini

Ochrobactrum lupini is a non-rhyzobial root-nodulating bacteria.

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Ochrobactrum oryzae

Ochrobactrum oryzae is an endophytic bacterial species.

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Ochrobactrum pecoris

Ochrobactrum pecoris is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped non-motile bacteria from the genus of Ochrobactrum which was isolated from genitourinary lymph node of a sheep in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Ochrobactrum pituitosum

Ochrobactrum pituitosum is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacteria from the genus of Ochrobactrum which was isolated from industrial environment in Sweden.

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Ochrobactrum pseudintermedium

Ochrobactrum pseudintermedium is a gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile bacteria from the genus of Ochrobactrum with a subpolar flagella which was isolated from human axillary swab in Montpellier in France.

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Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense

Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacteria from the genus of Ochrobactrum which was isolated from blood of a man in Göteborg in Sweden.

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Ochrobactrum rhizosphaerae

Ochrobactrum rhizosphaerae is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive bacteria from the genus of Ochrobactrum which was isolated from rhizosphere from a potato in Austria.

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Ochrobactrum thiophenivorans

Ochrobactrum thiophenivorans is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive non-spore-forming non-motile bacteria from the genus of Ochrobactrum which was isolated from waste water in Germany.

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Ochrobactrum tritici

Ochrobactrum tritici is a species of bacteria first isolated from wheat rhizoplane.

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Octadecabacter

In taxonomy, Octadecabacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Octopine dehydrogenase family

In molecular biology, the octopine dehydrogenase family of enzymes act on the CH-NH substrate bond using NAD(+) or NADP(+) as an acceptor.

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OD600

OD600 is an abbreviation indicating the absorbance, or optical density, of a sample measured at a wavelength of 600 nm.

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Odontogriphus

Odontogriphus (literally "toothed riddle") is a genus of soft-bodied animals known from middle Cambrian Lagerstätte.

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Odontosyllis phosphorea

Odontosyllis phosphorea, commonly known as a fireworm, is a polychaete worm that inhabits the Pacific coast of North and Central America.

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Oenococcus

Oenococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, placed within the family Leuconostocaceae.

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Oenococcus oeni

Oenococcus oeni (known as Leuconostoc oeni until 1995) is a Gram-positive bacterial species in the genus of Oenococcus.

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Offal

Offal, also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.

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Oikopleura

Oikopleura is a genus of Tunicata (sea-squirts) in the class Appendicularia.

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Oil depletion

Oil Depletion is the decline in oil production of a well, oil field, or geographic area.

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Oil sands

Oil sands, also known as tar sands or crude bitumen, or more technically bituminous sands, are a type of unconventional petroleum deposit.

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OLE RNA

OLE RNA (Ornate Large Extremophilic RNA) is a conserved RNA structure present in certain bacteria.

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Oleispira

Oleispira is a psychrophilic bacteria genus from the family of Oceanospirillaceae.

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Oleispira antarctica

Oleispira antarctica is a marine bacterium, the type species in its genus.

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Oligella (bacterium)

Oligella is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic bacteria from the family Alcaligenaceae.

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Oligella ureolytica

Oligella ureolytica is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacterium with peritrichous flagella of the genus Oligella, isolated from a cervical lymph node and human urine.

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Oligella urethralis

Oligella urethralis is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative bacterium of the genus Oligella (first known under Moraxella urethralis) which can cause urosepsis.

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Oligotropha

Oligotropha is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bradyrhizobiaceae.

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Oligotropha carboxidovorans

Oligotropha carboxidovorans is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.

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Oligotyping (taxonomy)

Oligotyping is a diagnostic or molecular biological method for classification of organisms by short intervals of primary DNA sequence.

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Olive

The olive, known by the botanical name Olea europaea, meaning "European olive", is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, found in the Mediterranean Basin from Portugal to the Levant, the Arabian Peninsula, and southern Asia as far east as China, as well as the Canary Islands and Réunion.

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Olive fruit fly

The olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae, Dacus oleae) is a species of fruit fly which belongs to the subfamily Dacinae.

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Olive ridley sea turtle

The olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), also known as the Pacific ridley sea turtle, are smallest and most abundant of all sea turtles found in the world, species of sea turtle found in warm and tropical waters, primarily in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

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Olivibacter

Olivibacter is a genus from the family of Sphingobacteriaceae.

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Olivibacter ginsengisoli

Olivibacter ginsengisoli is a Gram-negative, aerobic, heterotrophic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Olivibacter which has been isolated from Korea.

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Olivibacter jilunii

Olivibacter jilunii is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Olivibacter which has been isolated from DDT-contaminated soil in China.

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Olivibacter oleidegradans

Olivibacter oleidegradans is a Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Olivibacter which has been isolated from a biofilter in Hungary.

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Olivibacter sitiensis

Olivibacter sitiensis is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Olivibacter that has been isolated from alkaline olive-oil mill wastes on Sitia on Crete.

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Olivibacter soli

Olivibacter soli is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, heterotrophic and non-motil bacterium from the genus of Olivibacter which has been isolated from Korea.

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Olivibacter terrae

Olivibacter terrae is a Gram-negative, aerobic, heterotrophic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Olivibacter which has been isolated from Korea.

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Olubayi Olubayi

Prof.

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Omnivore

Omnivore is a consumption classification for animals that have the capability to obtain chemical energy and nutrients from materials originating from plant and animal origin.

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Omphalitis of newborn

Omphalitis of newborn is the medical term for inflammation of the umbilical cord stump in the neonatal newborn period, most commonly attributed to a bacterial infection.

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OmrA-B RNA

The OmrA-B RNA gene family (also known as SraE RNA, RygA and RygB and OmrA and OmrB) is a pair of homologous OmpR-regulated small non-coding RNA that was discovered in E. coli during two large-scale screens.

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Once Upon a Time...

Once Upon a Time… ("Il était une fois…") is a French educational animation franchise, created by Procidis.

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Once Upon a Time... Life

Il était une fois...

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Oncom

Oncom is one of the traditional staple foods of West Javan (Sundanese) cuisine, Indonesia.

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Onychophora

Onychophora (from Ancient Greek, onyches, "claws"; and pherein, "to carry"), commonly known as velvet worms (due to their velvety texture and somewhat wormlike appearance) or more ambiguously as peripatus (after the first described genus, Peripatus), is a phylum of elongate, soft-bodied, many-legged panarthropods.

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Open science

Open science is the movement to make scientific research, data and dissemination accessible to all levels of an inquiring society, amateur or professional.

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Operon

In genetics, an operon is a functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter.

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Ophiothrix fragilis

Ophiothrix fragilis is a species of brittle star in the order Ophiurida.

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Opitutus terrae

Opitutus terrae is an obligately anaerobic (can survive in absence of air) bacteria first isolated from rice paddy soil, hence its epithet.

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Opportunism

Opportunism is the conscious policy and practice of taking advantage of circumstances – with little regard for principles, or with what the consequences are for others.

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Opportunistic infection

An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoa) that take advantage of an opportunity not normally available, such as a host with a weakened immune system, an altered microbiota (such as a disrupted gut microbiota), or breached integumentary barriers.

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Opsin

Opsins are a group of proteins, made light-sensitive, via the chromophore retinal found in photoreceptor cells of the retina.

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Optochin

Optochin (or ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride) is a derivative of hydroquinine introduced in 1911 by Morgenroth and Levy with the intention to treat pneumococci infection.

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Optoelectrofluidics

Optoelectrofluidics, also known as optically induced electrohydrodynamics, refers to the study of the motions of particles or molecules and their interactions with optically-induced electric field and the surrounding fluid.

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Oragene

Oragene is the trade name for DNA Genotek’s non-invasive DNA self-collection kit.

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Oral ecology

Oral ecology refers to the organisms that live in a mouth.

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Oral microbiology

Oral microbiology is the study of the microorganisms (microbiota) of the oral cavity and their interactions between oral microorganisms or with the host.

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Oral sex

Oral sex, sometimes referred to as oral intercourse, is sexual activity involving the stimulation of the genitalia of a person by another person using the mouth (including the lips, tongue or teeth) or throat.

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Orbales

The Orbales are an order of Proteobacteria with the single family Orbaceae.

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Orbicella faveolata

Orbicella faveolata, commonly known as mountainous star coral, is a colonial stony coral in the family Merulinidae.

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Orders of magnitude (length)

The following are examples of orders of magnitude for different lengths.

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Orders of magnitude (numbers)

This list contains selected positive numbers in increasing order, including counts of things, dimensionless quantity and probabilities.

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Orders of magnitude (speed)

To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following list describes various speed levels between approximately 2.2 m/s and 3.0 m/s.

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ORFeome

In, molecular genetics, an ORFeome refers to the complete set of open reading frames (ORFs) in a genome.

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Organ (anatomy)

Organs are collections of tissues with similar functions.

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Organ-on-a-chip

An organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems, a type of artificial organ.

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Organelle

In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, in which their function is vital for the cell to live.

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Organic farming

Organic farming is an alternative agricultural system which originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices.

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Organic matter

Organic matter, organic material, or natural organic matter (NOM) refers to the large pool of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial and aquatic environments.

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Organism

In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life.

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Organisms involved in water purification

Most organisms involved in water purification originate from the waste, wastewater or water stream itself or arrive as resting spore of some form from the atmosphere.

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Organotroph

An organotroph is an organism that obtains hydrogen or electrons from organic substrates.

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Ori (genetics)

Ori is the DNA sequence that signals for the origin of replication, sometimes referred to simply as origin.

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Oriental hornet

The Oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis, is a social insect of the Vespidae family.

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Orientia

Orientia is a genus of bacteria in family Rickettsiaceae.

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Orientia tsutsugamushi

Orientia tsutsugamushi (from Japanese tsutsuga "illness" and mushi "insect") is the causative organism of scrub typhus, and the natural vector and reservoir is probably trombiculid mites (genus Leptotrombidium).

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Origin of replication

The origin of replication (also called the replication origin) is a particular sequence in a genome at which replication is initiated.

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Original antigenic sin

Original antigenic sin, also known as the Hoskins effect, refers to the propensity of the body's immune system to preferentially utilize immunological memory based on a previous infection when a second slightly different version of that foreign entity (e.g. a virus or bacterium) is encountered.

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Orlistat

Orlistat is a drug designed to treat obesity.

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Ormia depleta

Ormia depleta, sometimes called the Brazilian red-eyed fly, is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

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Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, or ORT, is a bacterium that causes respiratory disease in poultry.

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Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase

Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRTase) or orotic acid phosphoribosyltransferase is an enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis.

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Orotidine

Orotidine is a nucleoside formed by attaching orotic acid to a ribose ring via a β-N1-glycosidic bond.

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Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase

Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase (OMP decarboxylase) or orotidylate decarboxylase is an enzyme involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis.

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Ortho-Vanillin

ortho-Vanillin (2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is an organic solid present in the extracts and essential oils of many plants.

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OrthoDB

OrthoDB presents a catalog of orthologous protein-coding genes across vertebrates, arthropods, fungi, plants, and bacteria.

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Orthogenesis

Orthogenesis, also known as orthogenetic evolution, progressive evolution, evolutionary progress, or progressionism, is the biological hypothesis that organisms have an innate tendency to evolve in a definite direction towards some goal (teleology) due to some internal mechanism or "driving force".

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Orthoporus ornatus

Orthoporus ornatus (also known as the desert millipede) is a North American species of millipede in the family Spirostreptidae that can be found in the U.S. states of Arizona, New Mexico and Texas, and as far south as the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí.

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Oscar Kuipers

Oscar Paul Kuipers (Rotterdam, May 12, 1956) is a Dutch professor of molecular genetics at the University of Groningen (UG).

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Oscillatoria

Oscillatoria is a genus of filamentous cyanobacterium which is named after the oscillation in its movement.

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Oscillatoria princeps

Oscillatoria princeps is the type species (lectotype) of the cyanobacterial (blue green algal) genus Oscillatoria.

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Oscillatoria willei

Oscillatoria willei is a species of bacteria that is able to photosynthesize to make food, similarly to plants.

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Oscillibacter valericigenes

Oscillibacter valericigenes is a species of mesophilic bacterium identified in the alimentary canal of Japanese Corbicula clams.

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Oscillococcinum

Oscillococcinum (or Oscillo) is a homeopathic preparation marketed to relieve influenza-like symptoms.

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Oseltamivir

Oseltamivir, sold under the brand name Tamiflu, is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent influenza A and influenza B (flu).

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Osmoregulation

Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution) to keep the fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.

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Osmotrophy

Osmotrophy is the uptake of dissolved organic compounds by osmosis for nutrition.

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Osteonecrosis of the jaw

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a severe bone disease (osteonecrosis) that affects the jaws (the maxilla and the mandible).

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Otitis externa in animals

Otitis externa is an inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal.

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Otitis media

Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear.

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Otobiotic

Otobiotic Otic is a liquid antibiotic solution used to treat bacterial infections of the ear.

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Otto Kandler

Otto Kandler (23 October 1920 in Deggendorf - 29 August 2017 in Munich, Bavaria) was a German botanist and microbiologist.

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Oud bruin

Oud Bruin (Old Brown), also known as Flanders Brown, is a style of beer originating from the Flemish region of Belgium.

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Outline of cell biology

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cell biology: Cell biology – A branch of biology that includes study of cells regarding their physiological properties, structure, and function; the organelles they contain; interactions with their environment; and their life cycle, division, and death.

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Outline of ecology

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ecology: Ecology – scientific study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and how the distribution and abundance are affected by interactions between the organisms and their environment.

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Outline of genetics

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to genetics: Genetics – science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.

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Outline of life forms

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to life forms: Life form (also, lifeform) – entity that is living, such as plants (flora) and animals (fauna).

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Outline of medicine

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to medicine: Medicine – science of healing.

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Overlapping gene

An overlapping gene is a gene whose expressible nucleotide sequence partially overlaps with the expressible nucleotide sequence of another gene.

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Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection

An overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) or Overwhelming post-splenectomy sepsis (OPSS) is a rare but rapidly fatal infection occurring in individuals following removal of the spleen.

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Oxalicibacterium

Oxalicibacterium is a genus of bacteria in the Oxalobacteraceae family.

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Oxalicibacterium faecigallinarum

Oxalicibacterium faecigallinarum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming, yellow-pigmented, oxidase and catalase positive, and oxalotrophic bacterium from the genus Oxalicibacterium and family Oxalobacteraceae.

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Oxalicibacterium flavum

Oxalicibacterium flavum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming, yellow-pigmented, and oxalotrophic bacterium from the genus Oxalicibacterium and family Oxalobacteraceae.

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Oxalicibacterium horti

Oxalicibacterium horti is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming, yellow-pigmented bacterium from the genus Oxalicibacterium and family Oxalobacteraceae.

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Oxalicibacterium solurbis

Oxalicibacterium solurbis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and aerobic bacterium from the genus Oxalicibacterium and family Oxalobacteraceae.

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Oxaloacetate decarboxylase

Oxaloacetate decarboxylase is a carboxy-lyase involved in the conversion of oxaloacetate into pyruvate.

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Oxaloacetic acid

Oxaloacetic acid (also known as oxalacetic acid) is a crystalline organic compound with the chemical formula HO2CC(O)CH2CO2H.

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Oxalobacter

Oxalobacter is a genus of bacteria in the Oxalobacteraceae family.

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Oxalobacter formigenes

Oxalobacter formigenes is an oxalate-degrading anaerobic bacterium that colonizes the large intestines of numerous vertebrates, including humans.

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Oxalobacter vibrioformis

Oxalobacter vibrioformis is an oxalate-degrading anaerobic bacterium which was isolated from anoxic freshwater sediments.

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Oxalobacteraceae

The Oxalobacteraceae are a family of bacteria, included in the order Burkholderiales.

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Oxalophagus

Oxalophagus, is a genus of bacteriae belonging to the Firmicutes.

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Oxalophagus oxalicus

Oxalophagus oxalicus, previously known as Clostridium oxalicus, is a bacterium belonging to the Firmicutes.

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Oxalotrophic

Oxalotrophic bacteria are bacteria capable of using oxalate as their sole source of carbon and energy.

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Oxidase

An oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes an oxidation-reduction reaction, especially one involving dioxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor.

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Oxidase test

The oxidase test is a test used in microbiology to determine if a bacterium produces certain cytochrome c oxidases.

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Oxidative phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) (UK, US) is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing energy which is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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Oxide

An oxide is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula.

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Oxobacter

Oxobacter is a genus of Gram-positive obligately anaerobic rod-shaped acetogenic bacteria.

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Oxobacter pfennigii

Oxobacter pfennigii, previously known as Clostridium pfennigii, is a bacterium belonging to the Firmicutes.

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Oxoguanine glycosylase

8-Oxoguanine glycosylase also known as OGG1 is a DNA glycosylase enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the OGG1 gene.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Oxygen cycle

The oxygen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of oxygen within its four main reservoirs: the atmosphere (air), the total content of biological matter within the biosphere (the global sum of all ecosystems), the hydrosphere (the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of planet Earth), and the lithosphere/Earth's crust.

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Oxygen saturation

Oxygen saturation (symbol SO2) is a relative measure of the concentration of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium as a proportion of the maximal concentration that can be dissolved in that medium.

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Oxygenation (environmental)

Environmental oxygenation can be important to the sustainability of a particular ecosystem.

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Oxylipin

Oxylipins constitute a family of oxygenated natural products which are formed from fatty acids by pathways involving at least one step of dioxygen-dependent oxidation.

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Oxymonad

The Oxymonads are a group of flagellated protozoa found exclusively in the intestines of termites and other wood-eating insects.

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Oxyrrhis marina

Oxyrrhis marina is a species of dinoflagellates with flagella.

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OxyS RNA

OxyS RNA is a small non-coding RNA which is induced in response to oxidative stress in Escherichia coli.

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Oyster

Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats.

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Ozonia

Ozonia is a multinational water treatment equipment manufacturer headquartered in Zürich, Switzerland.

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P-type ATPase

The P-type ATPases, also known as E1-E2 ATPases, are a large group of evolutionarily related ion and lipid pumps that are found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.

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PA clan

The PA clan ('''P'''roteases of mixed nucleophile, superfamily A) is the largest group of proteases with common ancestry as identified by structural homology.

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Paenarthrobacter aurescens

Paenarthrobacter aurescens, also known as Arthrobacter aurescens, is a bacterium species from the genus of Paenarthrobacter.

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Paenarthrobacter histidinolovorans

Paenarthrobacter histidinolovorans, with its old name Arthrobacter histidinolovorans, is a bacterium species from the genus of Paenarthrobacter which has been isolated from soil.

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Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans

Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans, also known as Arthrobacter Nicotinovorans, is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium species from the genus of Paenarthrobacter.

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Paenarthrobacter nitroguajacolicus

Paenarthrobacter nitroguajacolicus, other name of its is Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus, is a bacterium species from the genus of Paenarthrobacter which has been isolated from soil in the Czech Republic.

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Paenibacillaceae

The Paenibacillaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Paenibacillus

Paenibacillus is a genus of facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria, originally included within the genus Bacillus and then reclassified as a separate genus in 1993.

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Paenibacillus alvei

Paenibacillus alvei (formerly Bacillus alvei) is a species of bacteria within the order Bacillales.

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Paenibacillus dendritiformis

Paenibacillus dendritiformis is a species of pattern-forming bacteria, first discovered in the early 90s by Eshel Ben-Jacob's group.

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Paenibacillus durum

Paenibacillus durus, previously known as Clostridium durum and Paenibacillus azotofixans, is a bacterial species belonging to the Firmicutes.

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Paenibacillus koreensis

Paenibacillus koreensis is a bacterium.

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Paenibacillus macerans

Paenibacillus macerans is a diazotroph bacterium found in soil and plants capable of nitrogen fixation and fermentation.

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Paenibacillus polymyxa

Paenibacillus polymyxa, also known as Bacillus polymyxa, is a Gram-positive bacterium capable of fixing nitrogen.

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Paenibacillus tylopili

Paenibacillus tylopili is a soil-dwelling, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Paenibacillus vortex

Paenibacillus vortex is a species of pattern-forming bacteria, first discovered in the early 1990s by Eshel Ben-Jacob's group at Tel Aviv University.

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Paenibacillus vulneris

Paenibacillus vulneris is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium.

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Paeniglutamicibacter antarcticus

Paeniglutamicibacter antarcticus, its old name is Arthrobacter antarcticus, is a species of bacteria.

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Paeniglutamicibacter cryotolerans

Paeniglutamicibacter cryotolerans, also known as Arthrobacter cryotolerans, is a species of bacteria.

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Paenochrobactrum

Paenochrobactrum is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonspore-forming, nonmotile bacteria of the family Brucellaceae.

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Paenochrobactrum gallinarii

Paenochrobactrum gallinarii is a bacterium of the genus Paenochrobactrum which was isolated from air of a duck barn in Berlin.

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Paenochrobactrum glaciei

Paenochrobactrum glaciei is a bacterium of the genus Paenochrobactrum reclassified from Pseudochrobactrum glaciei.

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Paenochrobactrum pullorum

Paenochrobactrum pullorum is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Paenochrobactrum, which was isolated from faeces of a chicken in Germany.

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Paint

Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film.

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Pak Nai

Pak Nai is a wetland area, partly mud-bank, surrounded by mountain ranges, in the Yuen Long District of Hong Kong facing Deep Bay.

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Pakhanjore

Pakhanjore (पखांजूर) is a major Nagar Panchayat (Notified Area Council) city in the Kanker district (North Baster) of Chhattisgarh state, central India.

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Paleobiology

Paleobiology (UK & Canadian English: palaeobiology) is a growing and comparatively new discipline which combines the methods and findings of the natural science biology with the methods and findings of the earth science paleontology.

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Paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene Epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).

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Paleontology in Alaska

Paleontology in Alaska refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Alaska.

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Paleontology in Arizona

Paleontology in Arizona refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Arizona.

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Paleontology in Idaho

The location of the U.S. state of Idaho Paleontology in Idaho refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Idaho.

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Paleontology in Minnesota

Paleontology in Minnesota refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Minnesota.

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Paleontology in Montana

Paleontology in Montana refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Montana.

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Paleontology in Wyoming

Paleontology in Wyoming refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Wyoming.

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Palindrome

A palindrome is a word, number, or other sequence of characters which reads the same backward as forward, such as madam or racecar.

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Palindromic sequence

A palindromic sequence is a nucleic acid sequence on double-stranded DNA or RNA wherein reading 5' (five-prime) to 3' (three prime) forward on one strand matches the sequence reading 5' to 3' on the complementary strand with which it forms a double helix.

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Palleronia

In taxonomy, Palleronia is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Palmaria palmata

Palmaria palmata, also called dulse, dillisk or dilsk (from Irish/Scottish Gaelic duileasc/duileasg), red dulse, sea lettuce flakes, or creathnach, is a red alga (Rhodophyta) previously referred to as Rhodymenia palmata.

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Palytoxin

Palytoxin, PTX or PLTX is an intense vasoconstrictor, and is considered to be one of the most poisonous non-protein substances known, second only to maitotoxin in terms of toxicity in mice.

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Pan RNA motif

The pan RNA motif defines a conserved RNA structure that was identified using bioinformatics.

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Pan-genome

In molecular biology a pan-genome (or supra-genome) describes the full complement of genes in a clade (originally applied to species in bacteria and archaea, but also to plant species), which can have large variation in gene content among closely related strains or ecotypes.

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Panama disease

Panama disease is a plant disease of the roots of banana plants.

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Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas.

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PANDAS

Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) is a hypothesis that there exists a subset of children with rapid onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or tic disorders and these symptoms are caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infections.

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Pandemic

A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan "all" and δῆμος demos "people") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide.

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Pandoraea

Pandoraea is a genus of Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, motile bacteria with a single polar flagellum, of the family Burkholderiaceae and class Betaproteobacteria.

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Pandoraea apista

Pandoraea apista is a Gram-negative, catalase-positive, aerobic, nonspore-forming, motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum, of the genus Pandoraea.

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Pandoraea faecigallinarum

Pandoraea faecigallinarum is a Gram-negative, aerobic, nonspore-forming bacterium of the genus Pandoraea, isolated from chicken feces.

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Pandoraea norimbergensis

Pandoraea norimbergensis is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming bacterium of the genus Pandoraea, with a single polar flagellum, which was isolated from an oxic water layer which had a sulfide containing sediment below in Nuremberg, Germany.

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Pandoraea oxalativorans

Pandoraea oxalativorans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, nonspore-forming bacterium of the genus Pandoraea.

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Pandoraea pnomenusa

Pandoraea pnomenusa is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Pandoraea.

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Pandoraea pulmonicola

Pandoraea pulmonicola is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum, of the genus Pandoraea.

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Pandoraea sputorum

Pandoraea sputorum is a Gram-negative, nonfermenting bacterium of the genus Pandoraea, isolated from the sputum of a patient who suffered on cystic fibrosis.

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Pandoraea thiooxydans

Pandoraea thiooxydans is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative, aerobic, thiosulfate-oxidizing, rod-shaped, motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum, of the genus Pandoraea, isolated from rhizosphere soils of sesame in Junghwa-dong in the Republic of Korea.

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Pandoraea vervacti

Pandoraea vervacti is a Gram-negative, aerobic, nonspore-forming bacterium of the genus Pandoraea.

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Pandoravirus

Pandoravirus is a genus of giant virus, first discovered in 2013.

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Paneth cell

Paneth cells are one of the principal cell types of the epithelium of the small intestine, along with goblet cells, enterocytes, and enteroendocrine cells.

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Panic in the Streets (film)

Panic in the Streets is a 1950 film noir directed by Elia Kazan.

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PANK2 (gene)

Pantothenate kinase 2, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PANK2 gene.

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Pannonibacter

In taxonomy, Pannonibacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Panspermia

Panspermia is the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed by space dust, meteoroids, asteroids, comets, planetoids, and also by spacecraft carrying unintended contamination by microorganisms.

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Pantoea

Pantoea is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, recently separated from the genus Enterobacter.

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Pantoea agglomerans

Pantoea agglomerans is a Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Papaya Bunchy Top Disease

Papaya Bunchy Top Disease was first discovered in 1931 in Puerto Rico.

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Paper sack

A paper sack is a packaging made of paper high quality and weight, usually kraft virgin fiber, which is normally used for transporting powder materials, such as flour, cement, animal feed, etc.

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Parabasalid

The parabasalids are a group of flagellated protists within the supergroup Excavata.

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ParABS system

Originally identified as a genetic element required for faithful partitioning of low-copy-number plasmids, the parABS system is a broadly conserved molecular mechanism for plasmid partitioning and chromosome segregation in bacteria.

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Paraburkholderia

Paraburkholderia is a genus of Proteobacteria that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella.

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Paraburkholderia acidipaludis

Paraburkholderia acidipaludis is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, aluminium-tolerant, nonspore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae, which was isolated from the Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) in Vietnam and Thailand.

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Paraburkholderia bannensis

Paraburkholderia bannensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, nonspore-forming bacterium of the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae, which was isolated from highly acidic swamps from torpedo grass (Panicum repens) in Thailand.

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Paraburkholderia bryophila

Paraburkholderia bryophila is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, nonspore-forming, and nonmotile bacterium of the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Paraburkholderia caledonica

Paraburkholderia caledonica is a species of Proteobacteria.

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Paraburkholderia caribensis

Paraburkholderia caribensis is a species of Proteobacteria.

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Paraburkholderia caryophylli

Paraburkholderia caryophylli is a plant-pathogenic bacterium, which can cause wilt and root rot on carnations.

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Paraburkholderia denitrificans

Paraburkholderia denitrificans is a gram-negative, bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from wet forest soil on the island of Liancourt Rocks.

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Paraburkholderia diazotrophica

Paraburkholderia diazotrophica is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from the nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of a Mimosa.

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Paraburkholderia dilworthii

Paraburkholderia dilworthii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Paraburkholderia eburnea

Paraburkholderia eburnea is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from peat soil.

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Paraburkholderia endofungorum

Paraburkholderia endofungorum is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive, motile bacterium which is able to grow under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions without a CO2 atmosphere, from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Paraburkholderia ferrariae

Paraburkholderia ferrariae is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from a high phosphorus iron ore in the Minas Gerais State in Brazil.

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Paraburkholderia fungorum

Paraburkholderia fungorum is a species of proteobacteria.

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Paraburkholderia ginsengisoli

Paraburkholderia ginsengisoli is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium with unipolar polytrichous flagella from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in South Korea.

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Paraburkholderia graminis

Paraburkholderia graminis is a species of proteobacteria isolated from agricultural soils in France and Australia.

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Paraburkholderia heleia

Paraburkholderia heleia is a gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from the Chinese water chestnut Eleocharis dulcis in acid sulfate soil areas of Vietnam.

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Paraburkholderia hospita

Paraburkholderia hospita is a species of bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria.

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Paraburkholderia insulsa

Paraburkholderia insulsa is a Gram-negative, acidophilic, rod-shaped, arsenic-tolerant and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Burkholderia which has been isolated from the Ambitle Island on Papua New Guinea.

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Paraburkholderia kururiensis

Paraburkholderia kururiensis is a species of proteobacteria.

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Paraburkholderia megapolitana

Paraburkholderia megapolitana is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-negative aerobic, non-spore-forming, bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from moss of poor nutrient plant communities from the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in Germany.

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Paraburkholderia mimosarum

Paraburkholderia mimosarum is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae.

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Paraburkholderia monticola

Paraburkholderia monticola is a Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia which has been isolated from soil from the Gwanak Mountain in Korea.

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Paraburkholderia nodosa

Paraburkholderia nodosa is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from nitrogen-fixing nodules from roots of Mimosa bimucronata and Mimosa scabrella.

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Paraburkholderia oxyphila

Paraburkholderia oxyphila is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non motile, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from acidic forest soil.

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Paraburkholderia phenazinium

Paraburkholderia phenazinium is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.

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Paraburkholderia phenoliruptrix

Paraburkholderia phenoliruptrix is a species of proteobacteria.

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Paraburkholderia phymatum

Paraburkholderia phymatum is a species of proteobacteria that is capable of symbiotic nitrogen fixation with the legumes Machaerium lunatum and Mimosa pudica.

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Paraburkholderia phytofirmans

Paraburkholderia phytofirmans is a species of proteobacteria.

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Paraburkholderia rhizosphaerae

Paraburkholderia rhizosphaerae is a bacterium from the genus of Paraburkholderia which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil in Daejeon in Korea.

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Paraburkholderia rhizoxinica

Paraburkholderia rhizoxinica is a gram-negative, oxidase and catalase-positiv, motile bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from the plant pathogenic fungus, Rhizopus microsporus.

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Paraburkholderia rhynchosiae

Paraburkholderia rhynchosiae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from root nodules from the plant Rhynchosia ferulifolia in South Africa.

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Paraburkholderia sabiae

Paraburkholderia sabiae is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive nonspore-forming bacterium of the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae, which was isolated from the nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia in Brazil.

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Paraburkholderia sacchari

Paraburkholderia sacchari is a species of bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria.

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Paraburkholderia sartisoli

Paraburkholderia sartisoli is a gram-negative, aerobic catalase and oxidase-positive rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil in New Zealand.

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Paraburkholderia sediminicola

Paraburkholderia sediminicola is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive rod-shaped motile bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from freshwater sediment.

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Paraburkholderia silvatlantica

Paraburkholderia silvatlantica is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive nitrogen-fixing bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from the rhizosphere of maize in Seropédica in Rio de Janeiro.

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Paraburkholderia soli

Paraburkholderia soli is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive strictly aerobic, non motile bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from soil and cultivated with Korean ginseng.

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Paraburkholderia sprentiae

Paraburkholderia sprentiae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from root nodules from the plant Lebeckia ambigua in South Africa.

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Paraburkholderia susongensis

Paraburkholderia susongensis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia which has been isolated from a weathered rock surface in Susong in the Anhui Province in China.

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Paraburkholderia symbiotica

Paraburkholderia symbiotica is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium from the genus Paraburkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from root nodules of a Mimosa in north east Brazil.

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Paraburkholderia terrae

Paraburkholderia terrae is a Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing, catalase and oxidase-positive, motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum, from the genus Paraburkholderia and family Burkholderiaceae, which was isolated from a forest soil in Daejeon in South Korea.

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Paraburkholderia terricola

Paraburkholderia terricola is a species of bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria.

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Paraburkholderia tropica

Paraburkholderia tropica is a species of bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria.

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Paraburkholderia tuberum

Paraburkholderia tuberum is a species of bacteria that is capable of symbiotic nitrogen fixation with the legume Aspalathus carnosa.

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Paraburkholderia unamae

Paraburkholderia unamae is a species of bacteria.

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Paraburkholderia xenovorans

Paraburkholderia xenovorans is a species of Proteobacteria.

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Parachlamydia

Parachlamydia, is a genus of bacteriae belonging to the Chlamydiae.

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Parachlamydia acanthamoebae

Parachlamydia acanthamoebae are bacterium that fall into the category of host-associated microorganisms.

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Parachlamydiaceae

Parachlamydiaceae is a family of bacteria in the order Chlamydiales.

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Paracoccus

In taxonomy, Paracoccus is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Paracoccus denitrificans

Paracoccus denitrificans, is a coccoid bacterium known for its nitrate reducing properties, its ability to replicate under conditions of hypergravity and for being a relative of the eukaryotic mitochondrion (endosymbiotic theory).

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Paracoccus thiocyanatus

Paracoccus thiocyanatus is a coccoid bacterium.

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Paradoxical reaction

A paradoxical reaction or paradoxical effect is an effect of medical treatment, usually a drug, opposite to the effect which would normally be expected.

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Paramecium

Paramecium (also Paramoecium) is a genus of unicellular ciliates, commonly studied as a representative of the ciliate group.

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Paramecium aurelia

Paramecium aurelia are unicellular organisms belonging to the genus Paramecium of the phylum Ciliophora.

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Paramecium caudatum

Paramecium caudatum is a species of unicellular organisms belonging to the genus Paramecium of the phylum Ciliophora.

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Parapedobacter

Parapedobacter is a genus from the family of Sphingobacteriaceae.

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Parapedobacter composti

Parapedobacter composti is a Gram-negative and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Parapedobacter which has been isolated from cotton waste compost in Suwon in Korea.

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Parapedobacter indicus

Parapedobacter indicus is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Parapedobacter which has been isolated from soil from a hexachlorocyclohexane-contaminated dumpsite in Lucknow in India.

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Parapedobacter koreensis

Parapedobacter koreensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Parapedobacter which has been isolated from dried rice straw.

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Parapedobacter luteus

Parapedobacter luteus is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Parapedobacter which has been isolated from cotton waste compost in Suwon in Korea.

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Parapedobacter pyrenivorans

Parapedobacter pyrenivorans is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Parapedobacter.

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Parapedobacter soli

Parapedobacter soli is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Parapedobacter which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Korea.

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Paraperlucidibaca

Paraperlucidibaca is a genus of Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria which belongs to the class Gammaproteobacteria.

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Paraperlucidibaca baekdonensis

Paraperlucidibaca baekdonensis is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Paraperlucidibaca, which was isolated from seawater of Baekdo Harbor in the Sea of Japan.

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Paraperlucidibaca wandonensis

Paraperlucidibaca wandonensis is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Paraperlucidibaca.

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Paraphyly

In taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's last common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor excluding a few—typically only one or two—monophyletic subgroups.

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Pararhizobium

Pararhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen.

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Pararhizobium capsulatum

Pararhizobium capsulatum is a bacterium from the genus Pararhizobium which was isolated from eutrophic forest pond in Germany.

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Pararhizobium giardinii

Pararhizobium giardinii is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria.

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Parasitic disease

A parasitic disease, also known as parasitosis, is an infectious disease caused or transmitted by a parasite.

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Parasitism

In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.

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Parasutterella

Parasutterella is a genus of Gram-negative, circular/rod-shaped, obligate anaerobic, non-spore forming bacteria from the Proteobacteria phylum, Betaproteobacteria class and the Sutterellaceae family.

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Parasutterella excrementihominis

Parasutterella excrementihominis is a Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, nonspore-forming bacterium of the genus Parasutterella in the family Sutterellaceae, isolated from human faeces.

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Parasutterella secunda

Parasutterella secunda is a Gram-negative, nonsaccharolytic, strictly anaerobic, nonspore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Parasutterella in the family Sutterellaceae, isolated from human faeces.

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Paratuberculosis

Paratuberculosis or Johne's disease is a contagious, chronic and sometimes fatal infection that primarily affects the small intestine of ruminants.

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Parazoanthus parasiticus

Parazoanthus parasiticus, commonly known as the sponge zoanthid, is a species of coral in the order Zoantharia which grows symbiotically on several species of sponge.

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ParDE type II toxin-antitoxin system

The parDE type II toxin-antitoxin system is one example of the bacterial toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems that encode two proteins, one a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation (toxin) and the other its specific antidote (antitoxin).

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ParM

ParM is a prokaryotic actin homologue which provides the force to drive copies of the R1 plasmid to opposite ends of rod shaped bacteria before cytokinesis.

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Parmops coruscans

Parmops coruscans is a species of flashlight fish, order Beryciformes, native to the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Tahiti and from Fiji to French Polynesia.

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ParMRC system

ParMRC is known as one of the best systems for bacterial segregation.

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Parotitis

Parotitis is an inflammation of one or both parotid glands, the major salivary glands located on either side of the face, in humans.

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Parrot

Parrots, also known as psittacines, are birds of the roughly 393 species in 92 genera that make up the order Psittaciformes, found in most tropical and subtropical regions.

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Partners In Development Foundation

Partners in Development Foundation (PIDF), an IRS Section 501(c)(3) non-profit public foundation, was incorporated in 1997 in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi.

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Parvibaculum

Parvibaculum is a genus of bacteria from the family of Rhodobiaceae.

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Parvibaculum hydrocarboniclasticum

Parvibaculum hydrocarboniclasticum is an aerobic bacterium species from the genus of Parvibaculum which has been isolated from hydrothermal fluids from the East Pacific Rise in the Pacific Ocean.

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Parvibaculum indicum

Parvibaculum indicum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile bacterium with a polar flagellum species from the genus of Parvibaculum which has been isolated from deep-sea water from the Indian Ocean.

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Parvibaculum lavamentivorans

Parvibaculum lavamentivorans is a bacterium species from the genus of Parvibaculum which has been isolated from activated sludge in Germany.

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Parvularcula

Parvularcula bermudensis is a marine bacterium which was identified in 2003 in the western Sargasso Sea in the Atlantic Ocean.

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Pascale Cossart

Pascale Cossart (born 21 March 1948) is a bacteriologist at the Pasteur Institute of Paris, and the foremost authority on Listeria monocytogenes, a deadly and common food-borne pathogen responsible for encephalitis, meningitis, bacteremia, gastroenteritis, and other diseases.

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Pascalization

Pascalization, bridgmanization, high pressure processing (HPP) or high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing is a method of preserving and sterilizing food, in which a product is processed under very high pressure, leading to the inactivation of certain microorganisms and enzymes in the food.

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Passiflora edulis

Passiflora edulis is a vine species of passion flower that is native to southern Brazil through Paraguay and northern Argentina.

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Pasteur Institute

The Pasteur Institute (Institut Pasteur) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines.

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Pasteurella

Pasteurella is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria.

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Pasteurella anatis

Pasteurella anatis, also Gallibacterium anatis is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, penicillin-sensitive coccobacillus belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family.

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Pasteurella bettyae

Pasteurella bettyae is a bacterium associated with human Bartholin gland abscess and finger infections.

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Pasteurella canis

Pasteurella canis is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, penicillin-sensitive coccobacillus belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family.

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Pasteurella dagmatis

Pasteurella dagmatis is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, penicillin-sensitive coccobacillus belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family.

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Pasteurella langaa

Pasteurella langaa, is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, penicillin-sensitive coccobacillus belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family.

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Pasteurella lymphangitidis

Pasteurella lymphangitidis is a bacterium; it causes bovine lymphangitis.

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Pasteurella mairii

Pasteurella mairii is a Gram-negative bacterium.

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Pasteurella multocida

Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, penicillin-sensitive coccobacillus belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family.

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Pasteurella phage F108

Pasteurella phage F108 is a temperate bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) of the family Myoviridae, genus Hpunalikevirus.

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Pasteurella stomatis

Pasteurella stomatis, is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, penicillin-sensitive coccobacillus belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family.

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Pasteurella testudinis

Pasteurella testudinis is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, rod-shaped species of bacteria belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family.

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Pasteurellaceae

The Pasteurellaceae comprise a large family of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Pasteurellosis

Pasteurellosis is an infection with a species of the bacterial genus Pasteurella, which is found in humans and other animals.

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Pasteuria

Pasteuria is a genus of mycelial and endospore-forming, nonmotile gram-positive bacteria that are obligate parasites of some nematodes and crustaceans.

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Pasteuria nishizawae

Pasteuria nishizawae is a mycelial and endospore-forming bacterium parasitic on cyst nematodes of genera Heterodera and Globodera.

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Pasteuria ramosa

Pasteuria ramosa is a gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium in the Bacillus/Clostridia clade within Firmicutes.

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Pasteuriaceae

The Pasteuriaceae are a family of nonmotile Gram-positive bacteria.

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Patch clamp

The patch clamp technique is a laboratory technique in electrophysiology used to study ionic currents in individual isolated living cells, tissue sections, or patches of cell membrane.

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Pathogen

In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.

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Pathogen (film)

Pathogen is a 2006 zombie horror independent film written, directed, and produced by Emily Hagins, who was twelve at the time of the film's production.

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Pathogen reduction using riboflavin and UV light

Pathogen reduction using riboflavin and UV light is a method by which infectious pathogens in blood for transfusion are inactivated by adding riboflavin and irradiating with UV light.

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Pathogenic bacteria

Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease.

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Pathogenic Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli (Anglicized to; commonly abbreviated E. coli) is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).

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Pathology

Pathology (from the Ancient Greek roots of pathos (πάθος), meaning "experience" or "suffering" and -logia (-λογία), "study of") is a significant field in modern medical diagnosis and medical research, concerned mainly with the causal study of disease, whether caused by pathogens or non-infectious physiological disorder.

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Pathosystem

A pathosystem is a subsystem of an ecosystem and is defined by the phenomenon of parasitism.

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Pathovar

A pathovar is a bacterial strain or set of strains with the same or similar characteristics, that is differentiated at infrasubspecific level from other strains of the same species or subspecies on the basis of distinctive pathogenicity to one or more plant hosts.

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PATRIC

(Pathosystems Resource Integration Center) is the Bacterial Bioinformatics Resource Center, an information system designed to support the biomedical research community’s work on bacterial infectious diseases via integration of vital pathogen information with rich data and analysis tools.

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Paucimonas lemoignei

Paucimonas lemoignei is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.

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Paul de Kruif

Paul Henry de Kruif (March 2, 1890 in Zeeland, Michigan – February 28, 1971 in Holland, Michigan) was an American microbiologist and author of Dutch descent.

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Paul Leopold Friedrich

Paul Leopold Friedrich (January 26, 1864 – January 15, 1916) was a German surgeon and bacteriologist born in the town of Roda, Saxe-Altenburg.

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Paul M. Sharp

Paul Martin Sharp (born 1957) is Professor of Genetics at the University of Edinburgh, where he holds the Alan Robertson chair of genetics in the Institute of Evolutionary Biology.

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Paul W. Ewald

Paul W. Ewald (born 1953) is an evolutionary biologist, specializing in the evolution of infectious disease.

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Paul-Louis Simond

Paul-Louis Simond (30 July 1858 – 3 March 1947) was a French physician, chief medical officer and biologist whose major contribution to science was his demonstration that the intermediates in the transmission of bubonic plague from rats to humans are the fleas Xenopsylla cheopis that dwell on infected rats.

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PBAD promoter

PBAD (systematically araBp) is a promoter found in bacteria and especially as part of plasmids used in laboratory studies.

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PDZ domain

The PDZ domain is a common structural domain of 80-90 amino-acids found in the signaling proteins of bacteria, yeast, plants, viruses and animals.

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Pectinatus

Pectinatus is a genus of Firmicutes bacteria classified within the class Negativicutes.

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Pectinatus frisingensis

Pectinatus frisingensis is a species of anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria first isolated from spoilt beer.

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Pectinesterase

Pectinesterase (PE) is a ubiquitous cell-wall-associated enzyme that presents several isoforms that facilitate plant cell wall modification and subsequent breakdown.

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Pectobacterium

Pectobacterium is a bacterial genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae; it used to be a member of the genus Erwinia, which was split into three genera: Erwinia, Pectobacterium, and Brenneria.

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Pectobacterium atrosepticum

Pectobacterium atrosepticum is a species of bacterium.

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Pectobacterium betavasculorum

Pectobacterium betavasculorum is a plant pathogenic bacterium that infects beets.

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Pectobacterium carotovorum

Pectobacterium carotovorum is a bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae; it used to be a member of the genus Erwinia.

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Pectobacterium wasabiae

Pectobacterium wasabiae is a plant pathogenic bacterium that was first reported to cause disease on wasabi plants.

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Pediococcus

Pediococcus is a genus of Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria, placed within the family of Lactobacillaceae.

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Pediococcus acidilactici

Pediococcus acidilactici is a species of Gram-positive cocci that is often found in pairs or tetrads.

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Pediococcus cellicola

Pediococcus cellicola is a species of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Pediococcus claussenii

Pediococcus claussenii is a species of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Pediococcus damnosus

Pediococcus damnosus is a species of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Pedo-repair RNA motif

The Pedo-repair RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure identified by using bioinformatics.

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Pedobacter

Pedobacter is a genus of Gram-negative soil-associated bacteria.

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Pedobacter africanus

Pedobacter africanus is a species of heparinase-producing bacteria.

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Pedobacter agri

Pedobacter agri is a species of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Pedobacter alluvionis

Pedobacter alluvionis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming eubacterial species.

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Pedobacter arcticus

Pedobacter arcticus is a species of facultative psychrophile bacteria isolated from Arctic soil.

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Pedobacter borealis

Pedobacter borealis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming eubacterial species.

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Pedobacter cryoconitis

Pedobacter cryoconitis is a species of bacteria.

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Pedobacter ginsengisoli

Pedobacter ginsengisoli is a species of bacteria first isolated from a ginseng field, hence its name.

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Pedobacter heparinus

Pedobacter heparinus (P. heparinus) is non-spore-forming, Gram-negative bacterium that can use carbohydrates as its sole nutrient source.

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Pedobacter insulae

Pedobacter insulae is a species of bacteria.

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Pedobacter lentus

Pedobacter lentus is a species of Gram-negative, non-motile, pleomorphic bacteria.

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Pedobacter nyackensis

Pedobacter nyackensis is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming eubacterial species.

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Pedobacter rhizosphaerae

Pedobacter rhizosphaerae is a species of Gram-negative bacteria, first isolated from rhizosphere soil of Brassica campestris, hence its name.

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Pedobacter soli

Pedobacter soli is a species of Gram-negative bacteria, first isolated from rhizosphere soil of Brassica campestris, hence its name.

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Pedobacter terricola

Pedobacter terricola is a species of Gram-negative, non-motile, pleomorphic bacteria.

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Pedomicrobium

Pedomicrobium is a ubiquitous bacterium dominant in biofilms of man-made aquatic environments such as water distribution systems and bioreactors.

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Pedomicrobium americanum

Pedomicrobium americanum is a bacterium from the genus of Pedomicrobium which has been isolated from freshwater in New York in the United States.

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Pedomicrobium australicum

Pedomicrobium australicum is a bacterium from the genus of Pedomicrobium.

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Pedomicrobium ferrugineum

Pedomicrobium ferrugineum is a rod-shaped, aerobic to microaerophillic bacterium from the genus of Pedomicrobium with one polar or supolar flagellum.

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Pedomicrobium manganicum

Pedomicrobium manganicum is a bacterium from the genus of Pedomicrobium which was isolated from quartzite rock pool in France.

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Pedosphere

The pedosphere (from Greek πέδον pedon "soil" or "earth" and σφαῖρα sphaira "sphere") is the outermost layer of the Earth that is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes.

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Pelagibacter ubique

Pelagibacter, with the single species P. ubique, was isolated in 2002 and given a specific name, although it has not yet been described as required by the bacteriological code.

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Pelagibacterales

The Pelagibacterales is an order in the Alphaproteobacteria composed of free-living bacteria that make up roughly one in three cells at the ocean's surface.

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Pelagibacterium

Pelagibacterium is a bacteria genus of from the family of Hyphomicrobiaceae.

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Pelagibacterium halotolerans

Pelagibacterium halotolerans is a Gram-negative, aerobic and motile bacterium from the genus of Pelagibacterium which has been isolated from Sea water from the East China Sea in China.

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Pelagibacterium lixinzhangensis

Pelagibacterium lixinzhangensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and rod shaped bacterium from the genus of Pelagibacterium which has been isolated from desert soil from the Xinjiang province in China.

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Pelistega

Pelistega is a genus of bacteria of the family Alcaligenaceae with one known species (Pelistega europaea).

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Pelistega europaea

Pelistega europaea is a gram-negative, aerobic bacterium from the genus of Pelistega which can cause respiratory disease in pigeons.

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Pellet (ornithology)

A pellet, in ornithology, is the mass of undigested parts of a bird's food that some bird species occasionally regurgitate.

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Pelobacter

Pelobacter (gr pelos: mud) is a bacterial genus in the family Pelobacteraceae.

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Pelobacter acidigallici

Pelobacter acidigallici is the type species in the bacteria genus Pelobacter.

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Pelobacter carbinolicus

Pelobacter carbinolicus is a species of bacteria that ferments 2,3-butanediol and acetoin.

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Pelobacter propionicus

Pelobacter propionicus is a species of bacteria that ferments 2,3-butanediol and acetoin.

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Pelobacter venetianus

Pelobacter venetianus is a species of bacteria that degrades polyethylene glycol.

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Pelobacteraceae

Pelobacteraceae is a bacterial family in the order Desulfuromonadales.

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Pelobium

Parapedobacter is a genus from the family of Sphingobacteriaceae, with one known species (Pelobium manganitolerans).

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Pelobium manganitolerans

Pelobium manganitolerans is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic and motile bacterium from the genus of Pelobium which has been isolated from sludge from a manganese mine.

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Pelomonas

Pelomonas is a genus of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming bacteria from the family Comamonadaceae, which were isolated from haemodialysis water.

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Pelomonas aquatica

Pelomonas aquatica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming bacterium from the genus Pelomonas in the family Comamonadaceae.

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Pelomonas puraquae

Pelomonas puraquae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming bacterium from the genus Pelomonas in the family Comamonadaceae.

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Pelomonas saccharophila

Pelomonas saccharophila is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that was the only member of the genus Pelomonas until the 2007 discovery of two further species, isolated from hemodialysis equipment.

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Pelosinus

Pelosinus is a genus of Firmicutes bacteria classified within the class Negativicutes.

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Pelotomaculum

Pelotomaculum is a Gram-positive strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, thermophilic and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Peptococcaceae.

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Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum

Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum is an anaerobic, thermophilic, syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Penicillin

Penicillin (PCN or pen) is a group of antibiotics which include penicillin G (intravenous use), penicillin V (use by mouth), procaine penicillin, and benzathine penicillin (intramuscular use).

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Penicillin binding proteins

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin.

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Penicillium chrysogenum

Penicillium chrysogenum or P. notatum (formerly) is a species of fungus in the family Trichocomaceae.

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Penicillium verrucosum

Penicillium verrucosum is a psychrophilic fungus which was discovered in Belgium and introduced by Dierckx in 1901.

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Penrose drain

A Penrose drain is a soft, flexible rubber tube used as a surgical drain, to prevent the buildup of fluid in a surgical site.

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Pensacola Hospital

The Pensacola Hospital (also known as the Old Sacred Heart Hospital) is a historic hospital in Pensacola, Florida, United States.

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Pentavalent vaccine

A pentavalent vaccine is a combined vaccine with five individual vaccines conjugated into one, intended to actively protect people from multiple diseases.

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PEP group translocation

PEP group translocation, also known as the phosphotransferase system or PTS, is a distinct method used by bacteria for sugar uptake where the source of energy is from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).

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Peptic ulcer disease

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a break in the lining of the stomach, first part of the small intestine or occasionally the lower esophagus.

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Peptidoglycan

Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria, forming the cell wall.

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Peptidoglycan recognition protein

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are a group of highly conserved pattern recognition receptors with at least one peptidoglycan recognition domain capable of recognizing the peptidoglycan wall of bacteria.

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Peptidylprolyl isomerase A

Peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA), also known as cyclophilin A (CypA) or rotamase A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPIA gene on chromosome 7.

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Peptococcaceae

The Peptococcaceae are a family of bacteria in the order Clostridiales.

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Peptococcus

Peptococcus is a Gram-positive bacterium genus in the family Peptococcaceae.

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Peptoniphilus

Peptoniphilus is a genus of bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).

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Peptostreptococcaceae

The Peptostreptococcaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria in the class Clostridia.

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Peptostreptococcus

Peptostreptococcus is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria.

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Peptostreptococcus anaerobius

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is a species of bacteria belonging to the Peptostreptococcus genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria.

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Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus

Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus is a species of bacteria belonging to the Peptostreptococcus genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria.

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Perexilibacter

Perexilibacter is a genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae with one known species (Perexilibacter aurantiacus).

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Perexilibacter aurantiacus

Perexilibacter aurantiacus is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Perexilibacter which has been isolated from sediments from the Carp Island on Palau.

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Peri-implantitis

Peri-implantitis is the destructive inflammatory process affecting the soft and hard tissues surrounding dental implants.

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Periapical periodontitis

Periapical periodontitis (also termed apical periodontitis, AP, or periradicular periodontitis) is an acute or chronic inflammatory lesion around the apex of a tooth root which is usually caused by bacterial invasion of the pulp of the tooth.

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Pericarditis

Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium (the fibrous sac surrounding the heart).

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Pericoronitis

Pericoronitis (from the Greek peri, "around", Latin corona "crown" and -itis, "inflammation") also known as operculitis, is inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the crown of a partially erupted tooth, including the gingiva (gums) and the dental follicle.

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Periodontal disease

Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth.

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Periodontal pathogen

Periodontal pathogens are bacteria that have been shown to significantly contribute to periodontitis.

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Periodontology

Periodontology or periodontics (from Greek περί peri "around"; and ὀδούς odous "tooth", genitive ὀδόντος odontos) is the specialty of dentistry that studies supporting structures of teeth, as well as diseases and conditions that affect them.

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Peripheral membrane protein

Peripheral membrane proteins are membrane proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated.

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Periplasm

The periplasm is a concentrated gel-like matrix in the space between the inner cytoplasmic membrane and the bacterial outer membrane called the periplasmic space in gram-negative bacteria.

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Peritonitis

Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and cover of the abdominal organs.

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Peritonsillar abscess

Peritonsillar abscess (PTA), also known as a quinsy, is pus due to an infection behind the tonsil.

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Perlucidibaca

Perlucidibaca is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-positive and catalase-negative, motile bacteria with a polar flagellum, which belong to the class Gammaproteobacteria.

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Perlucidibaca piscinae

Perlucidibaca piscinae is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive and catalase-negative, facultatively aerobic, motile bacterium with a polar flagellum from the genus of Perlucidibaca which was isolated from an eutrophic pond.

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Permeable Reactive Weir

Permeable reactive weirs (PRWs) are water treatment devices that remove pollutants from surface water, e.g., stormwater, industrial waste water, agricultural drainage ditches, and natural rivers and streams.

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Permian–Triassic extinction event

The Permian–Triassic (P–Tr or P–T) extinction event, colloquially known as the Great Dying, the End-Permian Extinction or the Great Permian Extinction, occurred about 252 Ma (million years) ago, forming the boundary between the Permian and Triassic geologic periods, as well as the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.

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Permineralization

Permineralization is a process of fossilization in which mineral deposits form internal casts of organisms.

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Perophora viridis

Perophora viridis, the honeysuckle tunicate, is a species of colonial sea squirt in the genus Perophora found in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean.

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Peroxiredoxin

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs,; HGNC root symbol PRDX) are a ubiquitous family of antioxidant enzymes that also control cytokine-induced peroxide levels and thereby mediate signal transduction in mammalian cells.

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Persephonella guaymasensis

Persephonella guaymasensis is a thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing microaerophile first isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent.

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Persephonella marina

Persephonella marina is a Gram-negative, rod shaped bacteria that is a member of the Aquificae phylum.

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Persicobacter

Persicobacter is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic and motile genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae.

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Persicobacter diffluens

Persicobacter diffluens is a bacterium from the genus of Porifericola which has been isolated from marine mud from Bombay in India.

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Persicobacter psychrovividus

Persicobacter psychrovividus is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and motile bacterium from the genus of Porifericola which has been isolated from shellfish in Japan.

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Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy

Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) is enlarged painful lymph nodes occurring in a couple of different areas for more than three to six months for which no other reason can be found.

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Perspiration

Perspiration, also known as sweating, is the production of fluids secreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals.

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Pertactin

In molecular biology, pertactin (PRN) is a highly immunogenic virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis, the bacterium that causes pertussis.

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Perturbation (geology)

Perturbation (from Latin: perturbare "to confuse, disorder, disturb", from per- "through" + turbare "disturb, confuse," from turba "turmoil, crowd") is a set of pedology (soil study) and sedimentary geology processes relating to changes in the nature of water-borne alluvial sediments and in situ soil deposits over time.

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Pertussis toxin

Pertussis toxin (PT) is a protein-based AB5-type exotoxin produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which causes whooping cough.

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Pest (organism)

A pest is a plant or animal detrimental to humans or human concerns including crops, livestock, and forestry.

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Pesticide

Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests, including weeds.

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Pesticide application

Pesticide application refers to the practical way in which pesticides, (including herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, or nematode control agents) are delivered to their biological targets (e.g. pest organism, crop or other plant).

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Petalonema

Petalonema is a genus of cyanobacteria.

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Petalonema alatum

Petalonema alatum is a cyanobacterium.

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Peter Agre

Peter Agre (born January 30, 1949) is an American physician and molecular biologist, Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, and director of the.

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Peter Hirsch (microbiologist)

Peter Hirsch (born 1928 in Plön, Schleswig-Holstein, German) was a microbiologist)who received his doctorate from the University of Hamburg. After spending nine years in the USA he was asked to found an Institute of General Microbiology at the University of Kiel, Germany. He has made many contributions to the study of microbiology. The genus Hirschia, a type of hyphal bacteria, is named after him.

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Petri dish

A Petri dish (sometimes spelled "Petrie Dish" and alternatively known as a Petri plate or cell-culture dish), named after the German bacteriologist Julius Richard Petri, is a shallow cylindrical glass or plastic lidded dish that biologists use to culture cellssuch as bacteriaor small mosses.

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Petrobacter

Petrobacter is a genus of gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacteria from the family of Rhodocyclaceae which belongs to the class of Betaproteobacteria.

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Petrobacter succinatimandens

Petrobacter succinatimandens is a species of bacteria.

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Petroleum industry in Iraq

Iraq was the world’s 12th largest oil producer in 2009, and has the world’s fifth largest proven petroleum reserves after Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Canada, and Iran.

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PF Tek

PF Tek is a method of mushroom cultivation pioneered by Robert McPherson, aka.

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Pfizer

Pfizer Inc. is an American pharmaceutical conglomerate headquartered in New York City, with its research headquarters in Groton, Connecticut.

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Pfl RNA motif

The pfl RNA motif (now called the ZMP/ZTP riboswitch) refers to a conserved RNA structure present in some bacteria and originally discovered using bioinformatics.

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PFP (enzyme)

Diphosphate—fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase also known as PFP is an enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism in plants and some bacteria.

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PGM1

Phosphoglucomutase-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PGM1 gene.

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Phaeobacter

In taxonomy, Phaeobacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Phage display

Phage display is a laboratory technique for the study of protein–protein, protein–peptide, and protein–DNA interactions that uses bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) to connect proteins with the genetic information that encodes them.

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Phage ecology

Bacteriophages (phages), potentially the most numerous "organisms" on Earth, are the viruses of bacteria (more generally, of prokaryotesThe term "prokaryotes" is useful to mean the sum of the bacteria and archaea but otherwise can be controversial, as discussed by; see also pp. 103–4 of provides a history.). Phage ecology is the study of the interaction of bacteriophages with their environments.

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Phage monographs

Bacteriophage (phage) are viruses of bacteria and arguably are the most numerous "organisms" on Earth.

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Phage P22 Tailspike Protein

The tailspike protein (P22TSP) of Enterobacteria phage P22 mediates the recognition and adhesion between the bacteriophage and the surface of Salmonella enterica cells.

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Phage typing

Phage typing is a method used for detecting single strains of bacteria.

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Phage-ligand technology

The Phage-ligand technology is a technology to detect, bind and remove bacteria and bacterial toxins by using highly specific bacteriophage derived proteins.

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Phagocyte

Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells.

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Phagocyte bactericidal dysfunction

Phagocyte bactericidal dysfunction refers to a class of medical conditions where phagocytes have a diminished ability to fight bacterial infection.

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Phagocytosis

In cell biology, phagocytosis is the process by which a cell—often a phagocyte or a protist—engulfs a solid particle to form an internal compartment known as a phagosome.

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Phagosome

In cell biology, a phagosome is a vesicle formed around a particle engulfed by a phagocyte via phagocytosis.

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Pharmacometabolomics

Pharmacometabolomics, also known as pharmacometabonomics, is a field which stems from metabolomics, the quantification and analysis of metabolites produced by the body.

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Pharming (genetics)

Pharming, a portmanteau of "farming" and "pharmaceutical", refers to the use of genetic engineering to insert genes that code for useful pharmaceuticals into host animals or plants that would otherwise not express those genes, thus creating a genetically modified organism (GMO).

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Phaseolus vulgaris

Phaseolus vulgaris, also known as the common bean and green bean, among other names, is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or unripe fruit (both commonly called beans).

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PHBV

It is obtained by the copolymerisation of 3-hydroxybutanoic acid and 3 - hydroxypentanoic acid.

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Phenethylamine

Phenethylamine (PEA) is an organic compound, natural monoamine alkaloid, and trace amine which acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans.

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Phenol red

Phenol red (also known as phenolsulfonphthalein or PSP) is a pH indicator frequently used in cell biology laboratories.

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Phenotype microarray

The phenotype microarray approach is a technology for high-throughput phenotyping of cells.

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Phenylalanine

Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) is an α-amino acid with the formula.

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Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction converting L-phenylalanine to ammonia and ''trans''-cinnamic acid.

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Phenylalanine—tRNA ligase

In enzymology, a phenylalanine-tRNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, L-phenylalanine, and tRNAPhe, whereas its 3 products are AMP, diphosphate, and L-phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe.

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Phenylobacterium

Phenylobacterium is a Gram negative, strictly aerobic non-motile and bacterial genus from the family of Caulobacteraceae which can grow on chloridazon–mineral salts.

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Phenylobacterium immobile

Phenylobacterium immobile is an aerobic, gram-negative, rod or coccoid-shaped (0.7 to 1.0 by 1.0 to 2.0 μm) bacteria that is non-motile and non-spore-forming.

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Pheromone

A pheromone (from Ancient Greek φέρω phero "to bear" and hormone, from Ancient Greek ὁρμή "impetus") is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species.

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Phi value analysis

Phi value analysis, \phi analysis, or \phi-value analysis is an experimental protein engineering technique for studying the structure of the folding transition state of small protein domains that fold in a two-state manner.

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Philip K. Bates

Philip K. Bates (July 2, 1902 – December 21, 1993) was an American food scientist who was involved in the development of food freezing, dehydration, and concentration both in academia and in industry.

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Philippe Horvath

Philippe Horvath is a French scientist working for DuPont Nutrition and Health.

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Philippine adobo

Philippine adobo (from Spanish adobar: "marinade," "sauce" or "seasoning") is a popular dish and cooking process in Philippine cuisine that involves meat, seafood, or vegetables marinated in vinegar, soy sauce, garlic, and black peppercorns, which is browned in oil, and simmered in the marinade.

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Phosida

The '''PHO'''sphorylation SIte DAtabase PHOSIDA integrates thousands of high-confidence in vivo phosphosites identified in various species on the basis of mass spectrometry technology.

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Phosphatidylethanolamine

Phosphatidylethanolamines are a class of phospholipids found in biological membranes.

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Phosphoglucomutase

Phosphoglucomutase is an enzyme that transfers a phosphate group on an α-D-glucose monomer from the 1' to the 6' position in the forward direction or the 6' to the 1' position in the reverse direction.

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Phospholipase A2

Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are enzymes that release fatty acids from the second carbon group of glycerol.

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Phospholipase D

Phospholipase D (lipophosphodiesterase II, lecithinase D, choline phosphatase) (PLD) is an enzyme of the phospholipase superfamily.

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Phospholipid-derived fatty acids

Phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFA) are widely used in microbial ecology as chemotaxonomic markers of bacteria and other organisms.

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Phosphoribosylamine—glycine ligase

In enzymology, phosphoribosylamine-glycine ligase, also known as glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase (GARS), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction which is the second step in purine biosynthesis.

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Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase

Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase (or AIR carboxylase) is an enzyme involved in nucleotide biosynthesis and in particular in purine biosynthesis.

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Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase

In molecular biology, the protein domain SAICAR synthase is an enzyme which catalyses a reaction to create SAICAR.

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Photoactivated peptide

Photoactivated peptides are modified natural or synthetic peptides the functions of which can be activated with light.

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Photobacterium

Photobacterium is a genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family Vibrionaceae.

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Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida

Photobacterium damselae subsp.

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Photobacterium leiognathi

Photobacterium leiognathi is a species of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Photobacterium phosphoreum

Photobacterium phosphoreum or Vibrio phosphoreum is a Gram-negative bioluminescent bacterium living in symbiosis with marine organisms.

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Photobacterium profundum

Photobacterium profundum is a deep sea Gammaproteobacterium, belonging to the family Vibrionaceae and genus Photobacterium.

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Photoblepharon

Photoblepharon is a genus of poorly understood flashlight fishes found around reefs in the western Pacific Ocean (P. palpebratum) and in the western Indian Ocean (P. steinitzi).

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Photoblepharon palpebratum

Photoblepharon palpebratum, the eyelight fish or one-fin flashlightfish, is a species of saltwater anomalopid fish of the order Beryciformes.

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Photodynamic therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), sometimes called photochemotherapy, is a form of phototherapy involving light and a photosensitizing chemical substance, used in conjunction with molecular oxygen to elicit cell death (phototoxicity).

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Photofermentation

Photofermentation is the fermentative conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen manifested by a diverse group of photosynthetic bacteria by a series of biochemical reactions involving three steps similar to anaerobic conversion.

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Photoheterotroph

Photoheterotrophs (Gk: photo.

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Photohydrogen

Photohydrogen is hydrogen produced with the help of artificial or natural light This is how the leaf of a tree splits water molecules into protons (hydrogen ions), electrons (to make carbohydrates) and oxygen (released into the air as a waste product).

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Photolyase

Photolyases (EC 4.1.99.3) are DNA repair enzymes that repair damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet light.

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Photophore

A photophore is a glandular organ that appears as luminous spots on various marine animals, including fish and cephalopods.

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PhotoRC RNA motifs

PhotoRC RNA motifs refer to conserved RNA structures that are associated with genes acting in the photosynthetic reaction centre of photosynthetic bacteria.

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Photoreceptor protein

Photoreceptor proteins are light-sensitive proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms.

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Photorhabdus

Photorhabdus is a genus of bioluminescent, gram-negative bacilli which lives symbiotically within entomopathogenic nematodes, hence the name photo (which means light-producing) and rhabdus (rod-shape).

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Photorhabdus luminescens

Photorhabdus luminescens (previously called Xenorhabdus luminescens) is a Gammaproteobacterium, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, and is a lethal pathogen of insects.

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Photorhabdus temperata

Photorhabdus temperata is a species of bacteria.

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Photorhizobium thompsonianum

Photorhizobium thompsonianum is a bacterium from the genus of Photorhizobium.

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Photosynthetic pigment

A photosynthetic pigment (accessory pigment; chloroplast pigment; antenna pigment) is a pigment that is present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria and captures the light energy necessary for photosynthesis.

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Photosynthetic reaction centre

A photosynthetic reaction centre is a complex of several proteins, pigments and other co-factors that together execute the primary energy conversion reactions of photosynthesis.

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Photosystem I

Photosystem I (PS I, or plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase) is the second photosystem in the photosynthetic light reactions of algae, plants, and some bacteria.

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Phototroph

Phototrophs (Gr: φῶς, φωτός.

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Phototrophic prokaryotes

Phototropic prokaryotes are bacteria or archaea that obtain energy from light.

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Phycisphaerae

Phycisphaerae is a class of aquatic bacteria Containing a single order Phycisphaerales.

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Phycosphere

The phycosphere is a microscale mucus region that is rich in organic matter surrounding a phytoplankton cell.

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Phycotoxin

Phycotoxins (from Greek, phykos, "seaweed"; and toxikon, "toxin") are complex allelopathic chemicals produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic algal secondary metabolic pathways.

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Phyllobacteriaceae

The Phyllobacteriaceae are a family of bacteria that contain nine genera.

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Phyllobacterium

Phyllobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic bacteria.

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Phyllobacterium bourgognense

Phyllobacterium bourgognense is a Gram-negative, oxidase positive, motile bacteria from the genus of Phyllobacterium which was isolated from rhizoplane of the plant Brassica napus.

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Phyllobacterium brassicacearum

Phyllobacterium brassicacearum is a Gram-negative, motile bacteria from the genus of Phyllobacterium which was isolated from rhizoplane of the plant Brassica napus.

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Phyllobacterium catacumbae

Phyllobacterium catacumbae is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria with a polar tuft of flagella from the genus of Phyllobacterium which was isolated from the tuff walls from the Roman catacombs of Saint Callixtus in Rome in Italy.

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Phyllobacterium endophyticum

Phyllobacterium endophyticum is a bacterium from the genus of Phyllobacterium which was isolated from a nodule of the plant Phaseolus vulgaris in Northern Spain.

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Phyllobacterium ifriqiyense

Phyllobacterium ifriqiyense is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Phyllobacterium which was isolated from root nodules from the plants Astragalus algerianus and Lathyrus numidicus.

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Phyllobacterium leguminum

Phyllobacterium leguminum is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Phyllobacterium which was isolated from root nodules from the plants Argyrolobium uniflorum and Astragalus algerianus.

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Phyllobacterium loti

Phyllobacterium loti is a bacterium from the genus of Phyllobacterium which was isolated from nodules from the plants Lotus corniculatus in Uruguay.

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Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum

Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Phyllobacterium which was isolated from sugar-beet roots.

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Phyllobacterium trifolii

Phyllobacterium trifolii is a root-nodulating bacteria that was first isolated from nodules in Trifolium and Lupinus species.

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Phyllody

Phyllody is the abnormal development of floral parts into leafy structures.

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Phyllosphere

The phyllosphere is a term used in microbiology to refer to the total above-ground portions of plants as habitat for microorganisms.

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Phylogenetic profiling

Phylogenetic profiling is a bioinformatics technique in which the joint presence or joint absence of two traits across large numbers of species is used to infer a meaningful biological connection, such as involvement of two different proteins in the same biological pathway.

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Phylogenetic tree

A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities—their phylogeny—based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

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Physiology

Physiology is the scientific study of normal mechanisms, and their interactions, which work within a living system.

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Phytochemistry

Phytochemistry is the study of phytochemicals, which are chemicals derived from plants.

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Phytoglobin

Phytoglobins are globular plant (algae and land plant) proteins classified into the globin superfamily, which contain a heme, i.e. protoporphyrin IX-Fe, prosthetic group.

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Phytoncide

Phytoncides are antimicrobial allelochemic volatile organic compounds derived from plants.

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Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of oceans, seas and freshwater basin ecosystems.

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Phytoplasma

Phytoplasmas are obligate bacterial parasites of plant phloem tissue and of the insect vectors that are involved in their plant-to-plant transmission.

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Piezophile

A piezophile, also sometimes called a barophile, is an organism which thrives at high pressures, such as deep sea bacteria or archaea.

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Pig slaughter

Pig slaughter is the work of slaughtering domestic pigs which is both a common economic activity as well as a traditional feast in some European countries.

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Pigmentiphaga

Pigmentiphaga is a genus of motile and nonmotile bacteria of the family Alcaligenaceae.

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Pigmentiphaga daeguensis

Pigmentiphaga daeguensis is a gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium from the genus Pigmentiphaga, which was isolated from wastewater of a dye works in Daegu in South Korea.

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Pigmentiphaga kullae

Pigmentiphaga kullae is a gram-negative, oxidase and catalase-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Pigmentiphaga which has the ability to decolorize the azo dyes-compound 1-(4'-carboxyphenylazo)-4-naphthol aerobically and uses it as a sole source of carbon and energy.

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Pigmentiphaga litoralis

Pigmentiphaga litoralis is a gram-negative, oxidase and catalase-positive, facultatively anaerobic non-spore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Pigmentiphaga, which was isolated from a tidal flat sediment in the South China Sea in China.

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Pigmentiphaga soli

Pigmentiphaga soli is a gram-negative, motile bacterium from the genus Pigmentiphaga, which was isolated from soil in South Korea.

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Pilibacter

Pilibacter is a genus of bacteria of the Enterococcaceae.

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Pilin

Pilin refers to a class of fibrous proteins that are found in pilus structures in bacteria.

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Pillotina calotermitidis

Pillotina calotermitidis is a species of spirochete that is symbiotic in wood-eating cockroaches and termites, the type species of its genus.

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Pilus

A pilus (Latin for 'hair'; plural: pili) is a hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria.

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Pimple

A pimple, zit or spot is a kind of comedo and one of the many results of excess oil getting trapped in the pores.

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Pineapplefish

The pineapplefish (Cleidopus gloriamaris) is a species of fish in the family Monocentridae, and the sole member of its genus.

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Pink algae

Pink algae is a growth of pink, slimey bacterial matter which can sometimes occur in pools and sometimes in laboratory tubings.

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Pink Lake (Canada)

Pink Lake is a meromictic lake located in Gatineau Park, Quebec, Canada.

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Pink slime

"Pink slime" (a derogatory term for lean finely textured beef or LFTB, finely textured beef, and boneless lean beef trimmings or BLBT) is a meat by-product used as a food additive to ground beef and beef-based processed meats, as a filler, or to reduce the overall fat content of ground beef.

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Pink-Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophs

Commonly abbreviated to PPFMs, these bacteria are members of the genus Methylobacterium and are commonly found in soil, dust, various fresh water supplies and on plant surfaces.

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PinT small RNA

In bacteria, PinT small RNA is a small regulatory RNA (sRNA) that is activated during stress and virulence conditions.

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Pinus contorta

Pinus contorta, with the common names lodgepole pine and shore pine, and also known as twisted pine, and contorta pine, is a common tree in western North America.

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Pinworm infection

Pinworm infection, also known as enterobiasis, is a human parasitic disease caused by the pinworm.

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Pioneer species

Pioneer species are hardy species which are the first to colonize previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems.

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Piperacillin/tazobactam

Piperacillin/tazobactam, sold under the brand name Tazocin among others, is a combination medication containing the antibiotic piperacillin and the β-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam.

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Piscirickettsia salmonis

Piscirickettsia salmonis is the bacterial causative agent of an epizootic disease in salmonid fishes, piscirickettsiosis.

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Piscirickettsiaceae

The Piscirickettsiaceae are a family of Proteobacteria.

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Pistacia lentiscus

Pistacia lentiscus (also lentisk; mastic; μαστίχα) is a dioecious evergreen shrub or small tree of the pistacia genus growing up to tall which is cultivated for its aromatic resin, mainly on the Greek island of Chios.

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Pitaya

A pitaya or pitahaya is the fruit of several cactus species indigenous to the Americas.

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Pla ra

Pla ra (ปลาร้า) is a traditional northeastern Thai and Lao seasoning produced by fermenting fish with rice bran or roasted rice powder and salt fermented in a closed container for at least six months.

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Placental microbiome

The placental microbiome is the nonpathogenic, commensal bacteria claimed to be present in a healthy human placenta and is distinct from bacteria that cause infection and preterm birth in chorioamnionitis.

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Places of interest in the Death Valley area

Places of interest in the Death Valley area are mostly located within Death Valley National Park in eastern California.

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Plague (1979 film)

Plague is a 1979 Canadian-American science fiction film about a genetic engineering accident, a fertilizing bacterium that escapes from a laboratory in Canada.

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Plague (disease)

Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.

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Plague Inc.

Plague Inc. is a real-time strategy simulation video game, developed and published by UK-based independent games studio Ndemic Creations.

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Planctobacteria

Planctobacteria is a taxon created by Cavalier-Smith, specifically a division (phylum).

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Planctomycetes

Planctomycetes are a phylum of aquatic bacteria and are found in samples of brackish, and marine and fresh water.

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Planet Earth (1986 TV series)

Planet Earth is a seven-episode 1986 PBS television documentary series focusing on the Earth, narrated by Richard Kiley.

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Planetary habitability

Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to have habitable environments hospitable to life, or its ability to generate life endogenously.

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Planifilum

Planifilum is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.

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Planifilum composti

Planifilum composti is a thermophilic and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Planifilum which has been isolated from compost in Korea.

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Planifilum fimeticola

Planifilum fimeticola is a Gram-positive and thermophilic bacterium from the genus of Planifilum which has been isolated from hyperthermal compost in Japan.

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Planifilum fulgidum

Planifilum fulgidum is a Gram-positive and thermophilic bacterium from the genus of Planifilum which has been isolated from hyperthermal compost in Japan.

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Planifilum yunnanense

Planifilum yunnanense is a thermophilic bacterium from the genus of Planifilum which has been isolated from a hot spring in Yunnan in China.

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Plankton

Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current.

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Planktothrix

Planktothrix is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria (often called blue-green algae).

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Planococcaceae

The Planococcaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Planococcus citri

Planococcus citri, commonly known as the citrus mealybug, is a species of mealybugs native to Asia.

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Planomicrobium

Planomicrobium (formerly Planococcus) is a genus of gram-positive bacteria.

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Planomicrobium koreense

Planomicrobium koreense is a bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Planomonospora

Planomonospora is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).

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Plant

Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.

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Plant breeding

Plant breeding is the art and science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics.

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Plant cell

Plant cells are eukaryotic cells that differ in several key aspects from the cells of other eukaryotic organisms.

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Plant disease epidemiology

Plant disease epidemiology is the study of disease in plant populations.

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Plant evolutionary developmental biology

Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) refers to the study of developmental programs and patterns from an evolutionary perspective.

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Plant hormone

Plant hormones (also known as phytohormones) are chemicals that regulate plant growth.

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Plant litter

Litterfall, plant litter, leaf litter, tree litter, soil litter, or duff, is dead plant material (such as leaves, bark, needles, twigs, and cladodes) that have fallen to the ground.

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Plant matrix metalloproteinase

Plant matrix metalloproteinases are metalloproteins and zinc enzymes found in plants.

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Plant nutrition

Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds necessary for plant growth, plant metabolism and their external supply.

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Plant pathology

Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors).

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Plant physiology

Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants.

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Plasma pencil

The plasma pencil is a dielectric tube where two disk-shaped electrodes of about the same diameter as the tube are inserted, and are separated by a small gap.

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Plasmalogen

There are two types of ether phospholipids, plasmanyl- and plasmenyl-phospholipids.

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Plasmid

A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.

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Plasmid preparation

A plasmid preparation is a method of DNA extraction and purification for plasmid DNA.

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Plasmid RNAIII

Plasmid RNAIII is a non-coding RNA found in bacterial plasmids including pIP501.

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Plasmid-mediated resistance

Plasmid-mediated resistance is the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes which are carried on plasmids.

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Plastisphere

Plastisphere is a term used to refer to ecosystems that have evolved to live in human-made plastic environments.

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Plectasin

Plectasin is an antibiotic found by Novozymes in the Pezizalean fungus Pseudoplectania nigrella.

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Pleomorphism (microbiology)

In microbiology, pleomorphism (from greek πλέω- more, and -μορφή form) is the ability of some micro-organisms to alter their shape or size in response to environmental conditions.

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Pleomorphomonas

Pleomorphomonas is a genus of bacteria from the family of Methylocystaceae.

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Pleomorphomonas diazotrophica

Pleomorphomonas diazotrophica is a Gram-negative, aerobic, pleomorphic and nitrogen-fixing bacterium species from the genus of Pleomorphomonas which has been isolated from root tissue of the plant Jatropha curcas at the agrotechnology experimental station in Singapore.

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Pleomorphomonas koreensis

Pleomorphomonas koreensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, nitrogen-fixing, non-spore-forming rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium species from the genus of Pleomorphomonas which has been isolated from soil in Daejeon in Korea.

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Pleomorphomonas oryzae

Pleomorphomonas oryzae is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium species from the genus of Pleomorphomonas which has been isolated from the rice plant Oryza sativa in Japan.

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Plesiomonas shigelloides

Plesiomonas shigelloides is a species of bacteria that was formerly classified in the family Vibrionaceae, but now most microbiologists agree that a better classification is in the family Enterobacteriaceae (see box on the right).

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Pleural empyema

Pleural empyema is a collection of pus in the pleural cavity caused by microorganisms, usually bacteria.

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Pleurocapsaceae

The Pleurocapsaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Pleurocapsales

The Pleurocapsales are an order of cyanobacteria.

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Pleuston

The water strider, a common pleuston Pleuston are the organisms that live in the thin surface layer existing at the air-water interface of a body of water as their habitat.

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Plitvice Lakes National Park

Plitvice Lakes National Park (Nacionalni park Plitvička jezera, colloquial Plitvice) is one of the oldest and the largest national parks in Croatia.

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Plombage

Plombage was a surgical method used prior to the introduction of anti-tuberculosis drug therapy to treat cavitary tuberculosis of the upper lobe of the lung.

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Plutonium in the environment

Since the mid-20th century, plutonium in the environment has been primarily produced by human activity.

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Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is a pneumococcal vaccine and a conjugate vaccine used to protect infants, young children, and adults against disease caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus).

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Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli.

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Pneumonia (non-human)

Pneumonia is an illness which can result from a variety of causes, including infection with bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

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Pneumonic plague

Pneumonic plague is a severe lung infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.

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Poison

In biology, poisons are substances that cause disturbances in organisms, usually by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when an organism absorbs a sufficient quantity.

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Polar bear

The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is a hypercarnivorous bear whose native range lies largely within the Arctic Circle, encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses.

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Polar ecology

Polar ecology is the relationship between plants and animals in a polar environment.

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Polar organelle

Polar organelle (German: Basalkörper-Membran, also referred to in some microbiological literature articles as "polar membrane" or "polar cap") is a specialized region of the lipid cell membrane in bacterial cells, usually located at or near the so-called poles (e.g. the ends of a cylindrical cell).

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Polaribacter filamentus

Polaribacter filamentus is a species of gas vacuolate polar marine bacteria.

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Polaribacter franzmannii

Polaribacter franzmannii is a species of gas vacuolate polar marine bacteria.

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Polaribacter irgensii

Polaribacter irgensii is a species of gas vacuolate polar marine bacteria.

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Polaromonas

Polaromonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria from the family Comamonadaceae.

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Polaromonas aquatica

Polaromonas aquatica is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming bacterium from the genus Polaromonas, which was isolated from tap water.

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Polaromonas cryoconiti

Polaromonas cryoconiti is a Gram-negative, psychrophilic bacterium from the genus Polaromonas, which was isolated from an alpine glacier.

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Polaromonas glacialis

Polaromonas glacialis is a Gram-negative, psychrophilic bacterium from the genus Polaromonas, which was isolated with Polaromonas cryoconiti from an alpine glacier.

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Polaromonas hydrogenivorans

Polaromonas hydrogenivorans is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, nonspore-forming, psychrotolerant bacterium from the genus Polaromonas, which was isolated from Alaskan forest soil.

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Polaromonas jejuensis

Polaromonas jejuensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped, nonmotile bacterium from the genus Polaromonas, which was isolated from soil from Halla Mountain on Jeju Island in Korea.

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Polaromonas naphthalenivorans

Polaromonas naphthalenivorans is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, nonspore-forming, nonmotile bacterium from the genus Polaromonas, which was isolated from coal-tar contaminated freshwater sediment.

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Polaromonas vacuolata

Polaromonas vacuolata is a psychrophilic bacterium with gas vesicles from the genus Polaromonas, which was isolated from Antarctica.

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Polychlorinated biphenyl

A polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) is an organic chlorine compound with the formula C12H10−xClx.

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Polycladomyces

Polycladomyces is a bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.

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Polycladomyces abyssicola

Polycladomyces abyssicola is a Gram-positive, aerobic, heterotrophic, thermophilic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Planifilum which has been isolated from hemipelagic sediments from deep seawater.

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Polyclinum planum

Polyclinum planum, is a compound ascidian commonly known as the Elephant Ear Tunicate.

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Polyclonal B cell response

Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals.

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Polyglutamic acid

Polyglutamic acid (PGA) is a polymer of the amino acid glutamic acid (GA).

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Polyhydroxyalkanoates

Polyhydroxyalkanoates or PHAs are polyesters produced in nature by numerous microorganisms, including through bacterial fermentation of sugar or lipids.

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Polyketide synthase

Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are a family of multi-domain enzymes or enzyme complexes that produce polyketides, a large class of secondary metabolites, in bacteria, fungi, plants, and a few animal lineages.

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Polyketide synthesis cyclase family

In molecular biology, the polyketide synthesis cyclase family of proteins includes a number of cyclases involved in polyketide synthesis in a number of actinobacterial species.

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Polymerase

A polymerase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids.

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Polymerase chain reaction optimization

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a commonly used molecular biology tool for amplifying DNA, and various techniques for PCR optimization which have been developed by molecular biologists to improve PCR performance and minimize failure.

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Polynucleobacter

Polynucleobacter is a genus of Proteobacteria, originally established by Heckmann and Schmidt (1987) to exclusively harbor obligate endosymbionts of ciliates belonging to the genus Euplotes.

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Polynucleobacter acidiphobus

Polynucleobacter acidiphobus is an aerobic, chemo-organotrophic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Polynucleobacter.

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Polynucleobacter asymbioticus

Polynucleobacter asymbioticus is a aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, chemo-organotrophic, nonmotile, free-living bacterium of the genus Polynucleobacter.

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Polynucleobacter cosmopolitanus

Polynucleobacter cosmopolitanus is a aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, chemo-organotrophic, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Polynucleobacter, isolated from freshwater habitats in Eurasia, South America, North America, Africa, Oceania, the Hawaiian Archipelago, in lakes located in Japan, and a river estuary of northern Taiwan.

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Polynucleobacter difficilis

Polynucleobacter difficilis is an aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, chemo-organotrophic, nonmotile, freshwater bacterium of the genus Polynucleobacter, isolated from the Lake Sevan from a depth of 60 m in Armenia.

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Polynucleobacter duraquae

Polynucleobacter duraquae is an aerobic, chemo-organotrophic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, sometimes motile, free-living bacterium of the genus Polynucleobacter, isolated from Lake Mondsee in Austria.

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Polynucleobacter necessarius

Polynucleobacter necessarius is a bacterium of the genus Polynucleobacter.

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Polynucleobacter rarus

Polynucleobacter rarus is an aerobic, chemo-organotrophic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Polynucleobacter, isolated from an acidic lake in Wisconsin.

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Polynucleobacter sinensis

Polynucleobacter sinensis is an aerobic, chemo-organotrophic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, free-living bacterium of the genus Polynucleobacter, isolated from a freshwater pond in China.

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Polynucleobacter wuianus

Polynucleobacter wuianus is an aerobic, chemo-organotrophic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, free-living bacterium of the genus Polynucleobacter, isolated from a small pond located in the Austrian Alps in the area of Salzburg.

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Polynucleotide phosphorylase

Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (PNPase) is a bifunctional enzyme with a phosphorolytic 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity and a 3'-terminal oligonucleotide polymerase activity.

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Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms

Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) are a group of bacteria that, under certain conditions, facilitate the removal of large amounts of phosphorus from wastewater in a process, called enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR).

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Polyploid

Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes.

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Polysaccharide

Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages, and on hydrolysis give the constituent monosaccharides or oligosaccharides.

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Polysaccharide encapsulated bacteria

Polysaccharide encapsulated bacteria, frequently referred to simply as encapsulated bacteria and less precisely called encapsulated organisms, are a group of bacteria that have an outer covering, a bacterial capsule, made of polysaccharide.

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Polyvinyl acetate

Poly(vinyl acetate) (PVA, PVAc, poly(ethenyl ethanoate): commonly referred to as wood glue, white glue, carpenter's glue, school glue, Elmer's glue in the US, or PVA glue) is an aliphatic rubbery synthetic polymer with the formula (C4H6O2)n.

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Pomace

Pomace, or marc (from French marc), is the solid remains of grapes, olives, or other fruit after pressing for juice or oil.

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Poppit Sands

Poppit is a small, dispersed settlement which lies on the southern side of the estuary of the River Teifi, near Cardigan, in northern Pembrokeshire, Wales.

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Population genetics

Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and between populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology.

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Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas

The population figures for indigenous peoples in the Americas before the 1492 voyage of Christopher Columbus have proven difficult to establish.

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Pore-forming toxin

Pore-forming proteins (PFTs, also known as pore-forming toxins) are protein exotoxins, usually produced by bacteria, such as C. septicum and S. aureus.

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Poribacteria

Poribacteria are a candidate phylum of bacteria originally identified in the microbiome of sea sponges (Porifera).

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Porifericola

Porifericola is a genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae with one known species (Porifericola rhodea).

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Porifericola rhodea

Porifericola rhodea is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from a genus of Porifericola which has been isolated from a marine sponge.

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Porites astreoides

Porites astreoides is a colonial species of stony coral in the family Poritidae.

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Porphyrin

Porphyrins (/phɔɹfɚɪn/ ''POUR-fer-in'') are a group of heterocyclic macrocycle organic compounds, composed of four modified pyrrole subunits interconnected at their α carbon atoms via methine bridges (.

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Porphyrobacter

Porphyrobacter is a Gram-negative and pleomorphic bacteria genus from the family of Sphingomonadaceae.

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Porphyrobacter colymbi

Porphyrobacter colymbi is a bacteria from the genus of Porphyrobacter which has been isolated from water from a swimming pool in Tokyo in Japan.

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Porphyrobacter cryptus

Porphyrobacter cryptus is an aerobic and slightly thermophilic bacteria from the genus of Porphyrobacter which has been isolated from a hot spring from the Alafache Spa in Portugal.

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Porphyrobacter dokdonensis

Porphyrobacter dokdonensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, slightly halophilic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Porphyrobacter which has been isolated from sea water in Dokdo in Korea.

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Porphyrobacter donghaensis

Porphyrobacter donghaensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, slightly halophilic and motile bacteria from the genus of Porphyrobacter which has been isolated from the East Sea in Korea.

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Porphyrobacter neustonensis

Porphyrobacter neustonensis is a pleomorphic and aerobic bacteria from the genus of Porphyrobacter which has been isolated from a freshwater pond in Brisbane in Australia.

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Porphyrobacter tepidarius

Porphyrobacter tepidarius is a moderately thermophilic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Porphyrobacter which has been isolated from a hot spring in Usami in Japan.

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Porphyromonadaceae

The Porphyromonadaceae family of bacteria is composed of two genera of environmental bacteria, Porphyromonas and Dysgonomonas.

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Porphyromonas

Porphyromonas is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, obligately anaerobic and non-motile genus from the family of Porphyromonadaceae.

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Porphyromonas gingivalis

Porphyromonas gingivalis belongs to the phylum Bacteroidetes and is a nonmotile, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobic, pathogenic bacterium.

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Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus

A positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus (or (+)ssRNA virus) is a virus that uses positive sense, single-stranded RNA as its genetic material.

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Post-harvest losses (vegetables)

The post-harvest sector includes all points in the value chain from production in the field to the food being placed on a plate for consumption.

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Postinflammatory lymphedema

Postinflammatory lymphedema is a condition characterized by swelling of the soft tissues in which an excessive amount of lymph has accumulated, and is caused by repeated bacterial infections.

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Potassium alum

Potassium alum, potash alum, or potassium aluminium sulfate is a chemical compound: the double sulfate of potassium and aluminium, with chemical formula KAl(SO4)2.

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Potassium benzoate

Potassium benzoate (E212), the potassium salt of benzoic acid, is a food preservative that inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria.

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Potassium channel

Potassium channels are the most widely distributed type of ion channel and are found in virtually all living organisms.

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Potassium metabisulfite

Potassium metabisulfite, K2S2O5, also known as potassium pyrosulfite, is a white crystalline powder with a pungent sulfur odour.

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PotC RNA motif

The potC RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure discovered using bioinformatics.

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Potomac horse fever

Potomac Horse Fever (PHF) is a potentially-fatal febrile illness affecting horses caused by the intracellular bacterium Neorickettsia risticii.

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Potomac River

The Potomac River is located within the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States and flows from the Potomac Highlands into the Chesapeake Bay.

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Potted meat

Potted meat is a preserved meat, where the meat is cooked, placed hot in a pot, tightly packed to exclude air, and then covered with hot fat.

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Povidone-iodine

Povidone-iodine (PVP-I), also known as iodopovidone, is an antiseptic used for skin disinfection before and after surgery.

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PPIB

Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B is an enzyme that is encoded by the PPIB gene.

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Prairie

Prairies are ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and a composition of grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the dominant vegetation type.

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PRDX3

Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRDX3 gene.

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Pre-replication complex

A pre-replication complex (pre-RC) is a protein complex that forms at the origin of replication during the initiation step of DNA replication.

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Precambrian

The Precambrian (or Pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated pЄ, or Cryptozoic) is the earliest part of Earth's history, set before the current Phanerozoic Eon.

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Precambrian body plans

Until the late 1950s, the Precambrian era was not believed to have hosted multicellular organisms.

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Prepatellar bursitis

Prepatellar bursitis is an inflammation of the prepatellar bursa at the front of the knee.

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PreQ1 riboswitch

The PreQ1-I riboswitch is a cis-acting element identified in bacteria which regulates expression of genes involved in biosynthesis of the nucleoside queuosine (Q) from GTP.

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PreQ1-II riboswitch

PreQ1-II riboswitches form a class of riboswitches that specifically bind pre-queuosine1 (PreQ1), a precursor of the modified nucleoside queuosine.

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Preribosomal RNA

Preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) represents a small class of RNA that is copied from DNA representing the genome sequence.

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Present day Mars habitability analogue environments on Earth

Present day Mars habitability analogue environments on Earth are environments that share potentially relevant astrobiological conditions with Mars.

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Preservative

A preservative is a substance or a chemical that is added to products such as food, beverages, pharmaceutical drugs, paints, biological samples, cosmetics, wood, and many other products to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes.

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Prevotella

Prevotella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Prevotella albensis

Prevotella albensis, previously known as Bacteroides ruminicola subsp.

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Prevotella bivia

Prevotella bivia is a species of bacteria in the genus Prevotella.

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Prevotella brevis

Prevotella brevis is a species of bacterium.

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Prevotella bryantii

Prevotella bryantii, previously known as Bacteroides ruminicola ruminicola subsp.

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Prevotella intermedia

Prevotella intermedia (formerly Bacteroides intermedius) is a gram-negative, obligate anaerobic pathogenic bacterium involved in periodontal infections, including gingivitis and periodontitis, and often found in acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.

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Prevotella melaninogenica

Prevotella melaninogenica is a species of bacterium in the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract.

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Prevotella nigrescens

Prevotella nigrescens is a species of bacterium.

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Prevotellaceae

The family Prevotellaceae is composed of four genera.

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PrfA thermoregulator UTR

The PrfA thermoregulator UTR is an RNA thermometer found in the 5' UTR of the prfA gene.

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Pribnow box

The Pribnow box (also known as the Pribnow-Schaller box) is the sequence TATAAT of six nucleotides (thymine, adenine, thymine, etc.) that is an essential part of a promoter site on DNA for transcription to occur in bacteria.

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Primary nutritional groups

Primary nutritional groups are groups of organisms, divided in relation to the nutrition mode according to the sources of energy and carbon, needed for living, growth and reproduction.

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Primary producers

Primary producers take energy from other organisms and turn it into energy that is used.

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Primary production

Global oceanic and terrestrial photoautotroph abundance, from September 1997 to August 2000. As an estimate of autotroph biomass, it is only a rough indicator of primary-production potential, and not an actual estimate of it. Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and ORBIMAGE. In ecology, primary production is the synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide.

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Prion

Prions are misfolded proteins that are associated with several fatal neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans.

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Pristionchus pacificus

Pristionchus pacificus is a species of free-living nematodes (roundworms) in the family Diplogastridae.

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Problem of Apollonius

In Euclidean plane geometry, Apollonius's problem is to construct circles that are tangent to three given circles in a plane (Figure 1).

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Procabacteriaceae

"Procabacteriaceae" is a Candidatus family of uncultivated Gram-negative Betaproteobacteria.

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Procalcitonin

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a peptide precursor of the hormone calcitonin, the latter being involved with calcium homeostasis.

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Prochloraceae

The Prochloraceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Prochlorococcus

Prochlorococcus is a genus of very small (0.6 µm) marine cyanobacteria with an unusual pigmentation (chlorophyll ''a2'' and ''b2'').

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Prochloron

Prochloron (from the Greek pro (before) and the Greek chloros (green)) is a unicellular oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryote commonly found as an extracellular symbiont on coral reefs, particularly in didemnid ascidians (sea squirts).

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Prochlorophyta

Prochlorophyta is a group of photosynthetic bacteria, an important component of picoplankton.

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Proflavine

Proflavine, also called proflavin and diaminoacridine and bate na bina, is an acriflavine derivative, a disinfectant bacteriostatic against many gram-positive bacteria.

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Programmed cell death

Programmed cell death (or PCD) is the death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program.

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Programming game

A programming game is generally a video game which incorporates elements of computer programming into the game which enables the player to direct otherwise autonomous units within the game to follow commands in a domain-specific programming language, often represented as a visual language to simplify the programming metaphor.

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Progressive inflammatory neuropathy

Progressive inflammatory neuropathy (PIN) is a disease that was identified in a report, released on January 31, 2008, by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Project Bacchus

Project Bacchus was a covert investigation by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency US Defense Department to determine whether it is possible to construct a bioweapons production facility with off-the-shelf equipment.

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Prokaryote

A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle.

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Prokaryotic acetaldehyde dehydrogenase dimerisation domain

In molecular biology, prokaryotic acetaldehyde dehydrogenase dimerisation domain is a protein domain found at the C-terminus of prokaryotic acetaldehyde dehydrogenases, it adopts a structure consisting of an alpha-beta-alpha-beta(3) core, which mediates dimerisation of the protein.

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Prokaryotic DNA replication

Prokaryotic DNA replication is the process by which a prokaryote duplicates its DNA into another copy that is passed on to daughter cells.

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Prokaryotic riboflavin biosynthesis protein

In molecular biology, the prokaryotic riboflavin biosynthesis protein is a bifunctional enzyme found in bacteria.

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Proline

Proline (symbol Pro or P) is a proteinogenic amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Promicromonospora

Promicromonospora is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Promicromonosporaceae.

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Promicromonospora aerolata

Promicromonospora aerolata is a bacterium from the genus of Promicromonospora which has been isolated from air from the Vergilius Chapel in Vienna in Austria.

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Promicromonospora citrea

Promicromonospora citrea is a bacterium from the genus of Promicromonospora which has been isolated from garden soil.

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Promicromonospora cymbopogonis

Promicromonospora cymbopogonis is a bacterium from the genus of Promicromonospora.

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Promicromonospora endophytica

Promicromonospora endophytica is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Promicromonospora which has been isolated from the surface of the root of the tree Eucalyptus microcarpa from the Bedford Park in Adelaide in Australia.

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Promicromonospora flava

Promicromonospora flava is a Gram-positive and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Promicromonospora which has been isolated from sediments from the Baltic Sea at the Kiel Bay in Germany.

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Promicromonospora iranensis

Promicromonospora iranensis is a bacterium from the genus of Promicromonospora which has been isolated from rhizospheric soil in the Fars Province in Iran.

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Promicromonospora kroppenstedtii

Promicromonospora kroppenstedtii is a bacterium from the genus of Promicromonospora which has been isolated from sandy soil from Zamora in Spain.

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Promicromonospora sukumoe

Promicromonospora sukumoe is a bacterium from the genus of Promicromonospora which has been isolated from soil from Sukumo on Japan.

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Promicromonospora thailandica

Promicromonospora thailandica is a bacterium from the genus of Promicromonospora which has been isolated from marine sediments from the Andaman Sea on Thailand.

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Promicromonospora umidemergens

Promicromonospora umidemergens is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Promicromonospora which has been isolated from indoor wall material in Berlin in Germany.

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Promicromonospora vindobonensis

Promicromonospora vindobonensis is a bacterium from the genus of Promicromonospora which has been isolated from air from the Virgilkapelle in Vienna in Austria.

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Promicromonospora xylanilytica

Promicromonospora xylanilytica is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and xylan-degrading bacterium from the genus of Promicromonospora which has been isolated from the leaves of the plant Maytenus austroyunnanensis in Xishuangbanna in China.

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Promicromonosporaceae

Promicromonosporaceae is an Actinomycete family.

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Promoter (genetics)

In genetics, a promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.

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Proofreading (biology)

The term proofreading is used in genetics to refer to the error-correcting processes, first proposed by John Hopfield and Jacques Ninio, involved in DNA replication, immune system specificity, enzyme-substrate recognition among many other processes that require enhanced specificity.

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ProP (transporter)

ProP is a bacterial membrane protein that is a member of the major facilitator superfamily.

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Propagule

In biology, a propagule is any material that functions in propagating an organism to the next stage in its life cycle, such as by dispersal.

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Prophage

A prophage is a bacteriophage (often shortened to "phage") genome inserted and integrated into the circular bacterial DNA chromosome or existing as an extrachromosomal plasmid.

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Propionibacteriaceae

The Propionibacteriaceae are a family of gram positive bacteria found in dairy products or in the intestinal tracts of animals and living in the pores of humans.

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Propionibacterineae

Propionibacterineae is an Actinomycete suborder with two families and numerous genera.

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Propionibacterium

Propionibacterium is a gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism: They are able to synthesize propionic acid by using unusual transcarboxylase enzymes.

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Propionibacterium acnes

Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes is the relatively slow-growing, typically aerotolerant anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium (rod) linked to the skin condition of acne; it can also cause chronic blepharitis and endophthalmitis, the latter particularly following intraocular surgery.

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Propionibacterium acnes type zappae

Propionibacterium acnes type zappae is a gram-positive, anaerobic, and endophytic bacterium species of Propionibacterium.

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Propionibacterium freudenreichii

Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a Gram-positive, non-motile bacterium that plays an important role in the creation of Emmental cheese, and to some extent, Jarlsberg cheese, Leerdammer and Maasdam cheese.

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Propionibacterium propionicus

Propionibacterium propionicus (previously known as Arachnia propionica) is a Gram positive, aerotolerant anaerobic species of Propionibacterium, found as part of the normal human oral flora.

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Propionic acid

Propionic acid (from the Greek words protos, meaning "first", and pion, meaning "fat"; also known as propanoic acid) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with chemical formula C2H5COOH.

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Propionigenium modestum

Propionigenium modestum is a gram-negative, strictly anaerobic organism.

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Propionispora

Propionispora is a genus of Firmicutes bacteria classified within the class Negativicutes.

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Propionivibrio

Propionivibrio is a genus of gram-negative, chemo-organo-trophic, non-spore-forming bacteria from the family of Rhodocyclaceae which belongs to the class of Betaproteobacteria.

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Propionivibrio dicarboxylicus

Propionivibrio dicarboxylicus is a gram negative, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Propionivibrio which was isolated from anaerobic mud from the Lake Kasumigaura in Japan.

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Propionivibrio limicola

Propionivibrio limicola is a gram negative, oxidase- and catalase-negative anaerobic, fermentative, non-spore-forming, mesophilic, rod-shaped, motile bacterium from the genus of Propionivibrio which has the ability to degrade hydroaromatic compounds.

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Propionivibrio pelophilus

Propionivibrio pelophilus is a bacterium from the genus of Propionivibrio.

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Prostatitis

Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland.

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Prosthecomicrobium

Prosthecomicrobium is a genus of aerobic bacteria which was isolated from freshwater samples.

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Prosthecomicrobium hirschii

Prosthecomicrobium hirschii is a bacterium from the genus of Prosthecomicrobium with a polar or supolar flagella.

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Prosthecomicrobium pneumaticum

Prosthecomicrobium pneumaticum is an aerobic bacterium from the genus of Prosthecomicrobium which has been isolated from freshwater.

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Protease

A protease (also called a peptidase or proteinase) is an enzyme that performs proteolysis: protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds.

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Proteasome

Proteasomes are protein complexes which degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds.

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Protegrin

Protegrins are small peptides containing 16-18 amino acid residues.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Protein A/G

Protein A/G is a recombinant fusion protein that combines IgG binding domains of both Protein A and Protein G. Protein A/G contains four Fc binding domains from Protein A and two from Protein G, yielding a final mass of 50,460 daltons.

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Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score

Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) is a method of evaluating the quality of a protein based on both the amino acid requirements of humans and their ability to digest it.

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Protein domain

A protein domain is a conserved part of a given protein sequence and (tertiary) structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain.

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Protein K (porin)

Protein K is a porin expressed in some pathogenic strains of E. coli bacteria.

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Protein production

Protein production is the biotechnological process of generating a specific protein.

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Protein-glutamate methylesterase

In enzymology, a protein-glutamate methylesterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are protein L-glutamate O5-methyl ester and H2O, whereas its two products are protein L-glutamate and methanol.

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Protein-glutamate O-methyltransferase

In enzymology, a protein-glutamate O-methyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and protein L-glutamic acid, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and protein L-glutamate methyl ester.

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Proteins in wine

Proteins are present in wine.

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Proteobacteria

Proteobacteria is a major phylum of gram-negative bacteria. They include a wide variety of pathogens, such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio, Helicobacter, Yersinia, Legionellales, and many other notable genera. Others are free-living (non-parasitic), and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation. Carl Woese established this grouping in 1987, calling it informally the "purple bacteria and their relatives". Because of the great diversity of forms found in this group, it was named after Proteus, a Greek god of the sea capable of assuming many different shapes and is not named after the genus Proteus. Some Alphaproteobacteria can grow at very low levels of nutrients and have unusual morphology such as stalks and buds. Others include agriculturally important bacteria capable of inducing nitrogen fixation in symbiosis with plants. The type order is the Caulobacterales, comprising stalk-forming bacteria such as Caulobacter. The Betaproteobacteria are highly metabolically diverse and contain chemolithoautotrophs, photoautotrophs, and generalist heterotrophs. The type order is the Burkholderiales, comprising an enormous range of metabolic diversity, including opportunistic pathogens. The Hydrogenophilalia are obligate thermophiles and include heterotrophs and autotrophs. The type order is the Hydrogenophilales. The Gammaproteobacteria are the largest class in terms of species with validly published names. The type order is the Pseudomonadales, which include the genera Pseudomonas and the nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter. The Acidithiobacillia contain only sulfur, iron and uranium-oxidising autotrophs. The type order is the Acidithiobacillales, which includes economically important organisms used in the mining industry such as Acidithiobacillus spp. The Deltaproteobacteria include bacteria that are predators on other bacteria and are important contributors to the anaerobic side of the sulfur cycle. The type order is the Myxococcales, which includes organisms with self-organising abilities such as Myxococcus spp. The Epsilonproteobacteria are often slender, Gram-negative rods that are helical or curved. The type order is the Campylobacterales, which includes important food pathogens such as Campylobacter spp. The Oligoflexia are filamentous aerobes. The type order is the Oligoflexales, which contains the genus Oligoflexus.

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Proteome

The proteome is the entire set of proteins that is, or can be, expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a certain time.

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Proteorhodopsin

Proteorhodopsin (also known as pRhodopsin) is a family of over 50 photoactive retinylidene proteins, a larger family of transmembrane proteins that use retinal as a chromophore for light-mediated functionality, in this case, a proton pump.

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Proteus (bacterium)

Proteus is a genus of Gram-negative Proteobacteria.

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Proteus mirabilis

Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Proteus penneri

Proteus penneri is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Proteus vulgaris

Proteus vulgaris is a rod-shaped, nitrate-reducing, indole+ and catalase-positive, hydrogen sulfide-producing, Gram-negative bacterium that inhabits the intestinal tracts of humans and animals.

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Protist

A protist is any eukaryotic organism that has cells with nuclei and is not an animal, plant or fungus.

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Proto-mitochondrion

The proto-mitochondrion is the hypothetical ancestral bacterial endosymbiont from which all mitochondria in eukaryotes are thought to descend.

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Protoblepharon rosenblatti

Protoblepharon rosenblatti, the Cook Islands flashlightfish, is a species of flashlight fish found in the waters surrounding the Cook Islands.

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Protocarnivorous plant

A protocarnivorous plant (sometimes also paracarnivorous, subcarnivorous, or borderline carnivore), according to some definitions, traps and kills insects or other animals but lacks the ability to either directly digest or absorb nutrients from its prey like a carnivorous plant.

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Protocooperation

Protocooperation is where two species interact with each other beneficially; they have no need to interact with each other - they interact purely for the gain that they receive from doing this.

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Proton pump

A proton pump is an integral membrane protein that builds up a proton gradient across a biological membrane.

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Protoplast

Protoplast, from ancient Greek πρωτόπλαστος (prōtóplastos, "first-formed"), is a biological term proposed by Hanstein in 1880 to refer to the entire cell, excluding the cell wall, but currently has several definitions.

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Protospacer adjacent motif

Protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) is a 2-6 base pair DNA sequence immediately following the DNA sequence targeted by the Cas9 nuclease in the CRISPR bacterial adaptive immune system.

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Protosteloid

Protosteloid amoebae, also called protostelids, are amoebae that are capable of making simple fruiting bodies consisting of a cellular stalk topped by one or a few spores.

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Protozoa

Protozoa (also protozoan, plural protozoans) is an informal term for single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, which feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris.

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Providencia (bacterium)

Providencia is a Gram-negative, motile bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Providencia rettgeri

Providencia rettgeri (commonly P. rettgeri), is a Gram negative bacterium that is commonly found in both water and land environments.

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Providencia sneebia

Providencia sneebia is a Gram-negative species of bacteria first isolated from the hemolymph of fruit flies.

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Providencia stuartii

Providencia stuartii (commonly P. stuartii), is a Gram negative bacterium that is commonly found in soil, water, and sewage.

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Provirus

A provirus is a virus genome that is integrated into the DNA of a host cell.

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PrrB/RsmZ RNA family

The PrrB/RsmZ RNA family are a group of related non-coding RNA molecules found in bacteria.

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PrrF RNA

The PrrF RNAs are small non-coding RNAs involved in iron homeostasis and are encoded by all Pseudomonas species.

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Pseudaminobacter

Pseudaminobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase- and Catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria.

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Pseudaminobacter defluvii

Pseudaminobacter defluvii is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacteria from the genus of Pseudaminobacter.

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Pseudaminobacter salicylatoxidans

Pseudaminobacter salicylatoxidans is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacteria from the genus of Pseudaminobacter which has the ability to oxidizes salicylate.

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Pseudanabaenaceae

The Pseudanabaenaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Pseudarthrobacter chlorophenolicus

Pseudarthrobacter chlorophenolicus, also known as Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus, is a species of bacteria capable of degrading high concentrations of 4-chlorophenol, hence its name.

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Pseudarthrobacter defluvii

Pseudarthrobacter defluvii, with the old name Arthrobacter defluvii, is a bacterium species from the genus of Pseudarthrobacter which has been isolated from sewage from the Geumho River near Daegu in Korea.

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Pseudoalteromonadaceae

The Pseudoalteromonadaceae are a small family of Proteobacteria.

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Pseudoalteromonas

Pseudoalteromonas is a genus of marine bacteria.

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Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans

Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans is a marine bacterium.

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Pseudoalteromonas aliena

Pseudoalteromonas aliena is a marine, aerobic, heterotrophic bacterium that has been collected from Amur Bay.

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Pseudoalteromonas antarctica

Pseudoalteromonas antarctica is a marine bacterium isolated from Antarctic coastal marine environments.

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Pseudoalteromonas arctica

Pseudoalteromonas arctica is a marine bacterium collected from Spitzbergen in the Arctic.

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Pseudoalteromonas atlantica

Pseudoalteromonas atlantica is a marine bacterium, which has been shown to act as a primary producer of biofilms and exhibit virulence against Cancer pagurus, a species of crab, through secretion of extracellular products.

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Pseudoalteromonas aurantia

Pseudoalteromonas aurantia is an antibacterial-producing marine bacterium commonly found in Mediterranean waters.

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Pseudoalteromonas bacteriolytica

Pseudoalteromonas bacteriolytica is a marine bacterium that causes red spot disease of ''Saccharina japonica'' (species synonym ''Laminaria japonica'').

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Pseudoalteromonas byunsanensis

Pseudoalteromonas byunsanensis is a marine bacterium "isolated from tidal flat sediment of Byunsan, South Korea.".

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Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora

Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora is a marine bacterium.

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Pseudoalteromonas citrea

Pseudoalteromonas citrea is a yellow-pigmented marine bacterium that is antibiotic-producing and was isolated from Mediterranean waters off Nice.

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Pseudoalteromonas denitrificans

Pseudoalteromonas denitrificans is a marine bacterium.

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Pseudoalteromonas distincta

Pseudoalteromonas distincta is a marine bacterium.

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Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis

Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis is a marine bacterium which was originally isolated from seawater near South Korea.

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Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii

Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii is a marine bacterium.

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Pseudoalteromonas espejiana

Pseudoalteromonas espejiana is a marine bacterium.

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Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra

Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra is a rod-shaped gram-negative marine bacterium.

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Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis

Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis is a marine bacterium.

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Pseudoalteromonas issachenkonii

Pseudoalteromonas issachenkonii is a marine bacterium which was isolated from the brown alga Fucus evanescens near the Kurile Islands.

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Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica

Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica is a marine bacterium which was isolated from the Yangtze River.

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Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea

Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea is a marine bacterium which was isolated from seawater near Nice.

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Pseudoalteromonas maricaloris

Pseudoalteromonas maricaloris is a marine bacterium which was isolated from the sponge Fascaplysinopsis reticulata in the Coral Sea.

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Pseudoalteromonas marina

Pseudoalteromonas marina is a marine bacterium isolated from tidal sediment near Chungnam.

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Pseudoalteromonas mariniglutinosa

Pseudoalteromonas mariniglutinosa is a marine bacterium.

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Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens

Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens is a marine bacterium.

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Pseudoalteromonas paragorgicola

Pseudoalteromonas paragorgicola is a marine bacterium isolated from a sponge in the Pacific Ocean.

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Pseudoalteromonas peptidolytica

Pseudoalteromonas peptidolytica is a marine bacterium isolated from the sea surrounding Yamato Island in the Sea of Japan.

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Pseudoalteromonas phenolica

Pseudoalteromonas phenolica is a marine bacterium species in the genus Pseudoalteromonas.

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Pseudoalteromonas piscicida

Pseudoalteromonas piscicida is a marine bacterium.

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Pseudoalteromonas prydzensis

Pseudoalteromonas prydzensis is a marine bacterium isolated from Antarctic sea ice.

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Pseudoalteromonas rubra

Pseudoalteromonas rubra is a marine bacterium.

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Pseudoalteromonas ruthenica

Pseudoalteromonas ruthenica is a marine bacterium isolated from the mussel Crenomytilus grayanus and the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis in the Gulf of Peter the Great, Sea of Japan.

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Pseudoalteromonas spongiae

Pseudoalteromonas spongiae is a marine bacterium isolated from the sponge Mycale adhaerens in Hong Kong.

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Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis

Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis is a marine bacterium isolated from the surface slime of the puffer fish. It secretes the neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin. It was originally described in 1990 as Alteromonas tetraodonia but was reclassified in 2001 to the genus Pseudoalteromonas.

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Pseudoalteromonas translucida

Pseudoalteromonas translucida is a marine bacterium isolated from the Gulf of Peter the Great in the Sea of Japan.

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Pseudoalteromonas tunicata

Pseudoalteromonas tunicata is a marine bacterium isolated from the tunicate Ciona intestinalis.

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Pseudoalteromonas ulvae

Pseudoalteromonas ulvae is a marine bacterium isolated from the alga Ulva lactuca at the intertidal zone near Sydney.

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Pseudoalteromonas undina

Pseudoalteromonas undina is a marine bacterium isolated from seawater off the coast of Northern California.

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Pseudobutyrivibrio

Pseudobutyrivibrio is a Gram-negative, anaerobic and non-spore-forming bacterial genus from the family of Lachnospiraceae.

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Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans

Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans is a species of butyrate-producing bacteria from the rumen.

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Pseudochrobactrum

Pseudochrobactrum is a genus of bacteria from the family of Brucellaceae.

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Pseudochrobactrum asaccharolyticum

Pseudochrobactrum asaccharolyticum is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonspore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Paenochrobactrum.

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Pseudochrobactrum kiredjianiae

Pseudochrobactrum kiredjianiae is a bacterium from the genus of Paenochrobactrum which was isolated in Nelson in New Zealand.

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Pseudochrobactrum lubricantis

Pseudochrobactrum lubricantis is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Paenochrobactrum, which was isolated from water mixed metal-working fluid in Germany.

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Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum

Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum is a bacterium from the genus of Paenochrobactrum which was isolated from industrial glue.

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Pseudoduganella violaceinigra

Pseudoduganella violaceinigra is a mesophilic bacterium of the genus Duganella in the Oxalobacteraceae family which was isolated from forest soil in Yunnan Province in China.

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Pseudogene

Pseudogenes are segments of DNA that are related to real genes.

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Pseudoglutamicibacter cumminsii

Pseudoglutamicibacter cumminsii is a species of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Pseudolabrys

Pseudolabrys is a genus of bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae.

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Pseudolabrys taiwanensis

Pseudolabrys taiwanensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from soil from Sinshe in Taichung County in Taiwan.

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Pseudomon-groES RNA motif

The Pseudomon-groES RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure identified in certain bacteria using bioinformatics.

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Pseudomon-Rho RNA motif

The Pseudomon-Rho RNA motif refers to a conserved RNA structure that was discovered using bioinformatics.

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Pseudomonadaceae

The Pseudomonadaceae are family of bacteria which includes the genera Azomonas, Azomonotrichon, Azorhizophilus, Azotobacter, Cellvibrio, Mesophilobacter, Pseudomonas (the type genus), Rhizobacter, Rugamonas, and Serpens.

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Pseudomonadales

The Pseudomonadales are an order of Proteobacteria.

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Pseudomonas

Pseudomonas is a genus of Gram-negative, Gammaproteobacteria, belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae and containing 191 validly described species.

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Pseudomonas abietaniphila

Pseudomonas abietaniphila is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that grows on pulp mill effluents with resin acids.

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Pseudomonas acidophila

Pseudomonas acidophila is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that produces the beta-lactam antibiotic, sulfazecin, as well as bulgecins.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans.

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Pseudomonas agarici

Pseudomonas agarici is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that causes drippy gill in mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus).

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Pseudomonas alcaligenes

Pseudomonas alcaligenes is a Gram-negative aerobic bacterium used for bioremediation purposes of oil pollution, pesticide substances, and certain chemical substances, as it can degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

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Pseudomonas alcaliphila

Pseudomonas alcaliphila is a psychrophilic, alkaliphilic, Gram-negative, aerobic straight rod bacterium with polar flagella isolated from sea water near Hokkaidō, Japan.

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Pseudomonas alkanolytica

Pseudomonas alkanolytica is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that produces Coenzyme A. Because this organism is patented, it is not officially recognized as a legitimate Pseudomonas species, and therefore has no type strain.

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Pseudomonas amygdali

Pseudomonas amygdali is a Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacterium.

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Pseudomonas amyloderamosa

Pseudomonas amyloderamosa is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that produces isoamylase.

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Pseudomonas anguilliseptica

Pseudomonas anguilliseptica is a Gram-negative bacterium that is pathogenic to fish.

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Pseudomonas antarctica

Pseudomonas antarctica is a psychrophilic, Gram-negative, motile with a polar flagellum, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from cyanobacterial mats in Antarctica.

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Pseudomonas argentinensis

Pseudomonas argentinensis is a yellow-pigmented, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming, strictly aerobic organism bacterium that infects the rhizospheres of Chloris ciliata and Pappophorum caespitosum, both grasses native to the Chaco region (Cordoba) of Argentina.

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Pseudomonas asplenii

Pseudomonas asplenii is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that causes bacterial leaf blight of the bird's-nest fern (Asplenium nidus), from which it derives its name.

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Pseudomonas aurantiaca

Pseudomonas aurantiaca is an orange Gram-negative soil bacterium, originally isolated from the rhizosphere soil of potatoes.

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Pseudomonas aureofaciens

Pseudomonas aureofaciens is a yellowish, aerobic, Gram-negative, motile, polar-flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from clay near the River Maas.

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Pseudomonas avellanae

Pseudomonas avellanae is a Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacterium.

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Pseudomonas azotifigens

Pseudomonas azotifigens is a Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from a compost pile in Japan.

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Pseudomonas azotoformans

Pseudomonas azotoformans is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects cereal grains—especially rice.

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Pseudomonas balearica

Pseudomonas balearica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonfluorescent, motile, and denitrifying bacterium.

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Pseudomonas blatchfordae

Pseudomonas blatchfordae is a Gram-negative soil bacteria isolated from tomato pith necrosis and the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).

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Pseudomonas borbori

Pseudomonas borbori is an aerobic, Gram-negative, nonfluorescent, nonsporulating, motile, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a nitrifying inoculum used in aquaculture.

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Pseudomonas boreopolis

'Pseudomonas' boreopolis is a species of Gram-negative proteobacteria.

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Pseudomonas brassicacearum

Pseudomonas brassicacearum is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that infects the roots of Brassica napus, from which it derives its name.

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Pseudomonas brenneri

Pseudomonas brenneri is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, fluorescent, motile bacterium with a single polar flagella isolated from natural mineral waters in France.

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Pseudomonas cannabina

Pseudomonas cannabina is a gray, Gram-negative, fluorescent, motile, flagellated, aerobic bacterium that causes leaf and stem rot of hemp (Cannabis sativa), from which it derives its name.

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Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena

'Pseudomonas' carboxydohydrogena is a species of Gram-negative proteobacteria.

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Pseudomonas caricapapayae

Pseudomonas caricapapayae is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that is pathogenic to plants.

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Pseudomonas cedrina

Pseudomonas cedrina is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from spring waters in Lebanon.

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Pseudomonas chlororaphis

Pseudomonas chlororaphis is a bacterium used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture.

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Pseudomonas cichorii

Pseudomonas cichorii is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that is pathogenic to plants.

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Pseudomonas citronellolis

Pseudomonas citronellolis is a Gram-negative, bacillus bacterium that is used to study the mechanisms of pyruvate carboxylase.

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Pseudomonas coenobios

Pseudomonas coenobios is a Gram-negative, non-sporulating, motile, rod marine bacterium.

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Pseudomonas congelans

Pseudomonas congelans is a fluorescent, Gram-negative bacterium isolated from the phyllosphere of grasses.

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Pseudomonas coronafaciens

Pseudomonas coronafaciens is a Gram-negative bacterium that is pathogenic to several plant species.

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Pseudomonas corrugata

Pseudomonas corrugata is a Gram-negative, plant-pathogenic bacterium that causes pith necrosis in tomatoes.

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Pseudomonas costantinii

Pseudomonas costantinii is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes brown blotch disease in cultivated mushrooms.

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Pseudomonas cremoricolorata

Pseudomonas cremoricolorata is a Gram-negative bacterial plant pathogen.

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Pseudomonas delhiensis

Pseudomonas delhiensis is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from the dumping site of fly ash of a power plant in Delhi, India.

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Pseudomonas denitrificans

Pseudomonas denitrificans is a Gram-negative aerobic organism bacterium that performs denitrification.

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Pseudomonas entomophila

Pseudomonas entomophila is a strain of bacterium that lives in the soil and can infect insects.

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Pseudomonas excibis

Pseudomonas excibis is a gram-negative, rod bacterium first isolated from the gastric caeca of the cactus bug (Chelinidea vittiger).

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Pseudomonas extremorientalis

Pseudomonas extremorientalis is a Gram-negative, saprotrophic, fluorescent bacterium found in a drinking water reservoir near Vladivostok City, Russia.

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Pseudomonas ficuserectae

Pseudomonas ficuserectae is a nonfluorescent, Gram-negative, soil bacterium that causes bacterial leaf spot on a Japanese fig (Ficus erecta), from which it derives its name.

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Pseudomonas flavescens

Pseudomonas flavescens is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes blight cankers on walnut trees.

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Pseudomonas fluorescens

Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Pseudomonas fragi

Pseudomonas fragi is a psychrophilic, Gram-negative bacterium that is responsible for dairy spoilage.

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Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis

Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis is a Gram-negative, phenanthrene-degrading bacterium from a coal gasification site in Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.

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Pseudomonas fulva

Pseudomonas fulva is a Gram-negative environmental bacterium, originally isolated from rice and commonly associated with rice plants, grains and paddy fields.

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Pseudomonas fuscovaginae

Pseudomonas fuscovaginae is a fluorescent, Gram-negative soil bacterium that is pathogenic to rice, causing brown sheath rot.

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Pseudomonas gelidicola

Pseudomonas gelidicola is a Gram-negative marine bacteria.

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Pseudomonas gessardii

Pseudomonas gessardii is a fluorescent, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from natural mineral waters in France.

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Pseudomonas grimontii

Pseudomonas grimontii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, fluorescent, motile bacterium isolated from natural springs in France.

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Pseudomonas helianthi

'Pseudomonas helianthi' is a Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacterium that infects a variety of plants.

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Pseudomonas indica

Pseudomonas indica is a Gram-negative, butane-using bacterium first isolated in India.

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Pseudomonas jessenii

Pseudomonas jessenii is a fluorescent, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from natural mineral waters in France.

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Pseudomonas jinjuensis

Pseudomonas jinjuensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile, single polar flagellated, yellow-white, rod bacterium isolated from soil in the Jinju Region of Korea.

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Pseudomonas kilonensis

Pseudomonas kilonensis is a Gram-negative soil bacterium isolated from agricultural soil in Germany.

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Pseudomonas knackmussii

Pseudomonas knackmussii is a Gram-negative, polarly flagellated, motile, short rod bacterium isolated from a sewage treatment plant in Göttingen, Germany.

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Pseudomonas koreensis

Pseudomonas koreensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile, multiple polar flagellated, yellow-white, rod bacterium isolated from farming soil in Korea.

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Pseudomonas libanensis

Pseudomonas libanensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, fluorescent, motile bacterium isolated from natural springs in Lebanon.

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Pseudomonas lini

Pseudomonas lini is a fluorescent, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from rhizospheric soil in France.

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Pseudomonas lundensis

Pseudomonas lundensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that often causes spoilage of milk, cheese, meat, and fish.

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Pseudomonas lutea

Pseudomonas lutea is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium originally isolated from the rhizosphere of grasses in Spain.

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Pseudomonas luteola

Pseudomonas luteola is an opportunistic pathogen, found ubiquitously in damp environments.

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Pseudomonas mandelii

Pseudomonas mandelii is a fluorescent, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from natural spring waters in France.

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Pseudomonas marginalis

Pseudomonas marginalis is a soil bacterium that can cause soft rots of plant tissues.

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Pseudomonas mediterranea

Pseudomonas mediterranea is a bacterium, similar to P. corrugata, that causes tomato pith necrosis.

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Pseudomonas meliae

Pseudomonas meliae is a fluorescent, Gram-negative, soil bacterium that causes bacterial gall of the chinaberry (Melia azedarach Lin.), from which it derives its name.

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Pseudomonas melophthora

The bacterial species Pseudomonas melophthora, can be found in the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella.

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Pseudomonas mendocina

Pseudomonas mendocina is a Gram-negative environmental bacterium that can cause opportunistic nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections, such as infective endocarditis and spondylodiscitis, although cases are very rare.

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Pseudomonas meridiana

Pseudomonas meridiana is a psychrophilic, Gram-negative, motile with a polar flagellum, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from cyanobacterial mats in Antarctica.

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Pseudomonas migulae

Pseudomonas migulae is a fluorescent, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from natural mineral waters in France.

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Pseudomonas monteilii

Pseudomonas monteilii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium isolated from human bronchial aspirate.

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Pseudomonas moraviensis

Pseudomonas moraviensis is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.

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Pseudomonas mosselii

Pseudomonas mosselii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, bacterium clinically isolated in France.

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Pseudomonas mucidolens

Pseudomonas mucidolens is a Gram-negative, non-sporulating, motile, rod bacterium that causes mustiness in eggs.

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Pseudomonas nitroreducens

Pseudomonas nitroreducens is an aerobic, Gram-negative soil bacterium first isolated from oil brine in Japan.

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Pseudomonas oleovorans

Pseudomonas oleovorans is a Gram-negative, methylotrophic bacterium that is a source of rubredoxin (part of the hydroxylation-epoxidation system).

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Pseudomonas orientalis

Pseudomonas orientalis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from spring waters in Lebanon.

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Pseudomonas oryzihabitans

Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, also known as Flavimonas oryzihabitans, is a nonfermenting yellow-pigmented, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause septicemia (sepsis), peritonitis, endophthalmitis, and bacteremia.

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Pseudomonas otitidis

Pseudomonas otitidis is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes otitis.

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Pseudomonas pachastrellae

Pseudomonas pachastrellae is a Gram-negative bacterium found in deep-sea sponges.

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Pseudomonas palleroniana

Pseudomonas palleroniana is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects rice (Oryza sativa).

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Pseudomonas panacis

Pseudomonas panacis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile with one or more polar flagella, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Pseudomonas parafulva

Pseudomonas parafulva is a Gram-negative bacteria.

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Pseudomonas peli

Pseudomonas peli is a Gram-negative, non-fluorescent, non-sporulating, motile, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a commercially available nitrifying inoculum used in aquaculture.

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Pseudomonas perolens

Pseudomonas perolens is a Gram-negative, non-sporulating, motile, rod bacterium that is known to cause mustiness in eggs in Poland.

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Pseudomonas pertucinogena

Pseudomonas pertucinogena is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium.

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Pseudomonas phage Φ6

Φ6 (Phi 6) is the best-studied bacteriophage of the virus family Cystoviridae.

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Pseudomonas phage phiCTX

Pseudomonas phage phiCTX is a virus of the family Myoviridae, genus P2like virus.

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Pseudomonas plecoglossicida

Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a non-fluorescent, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium that causes hemorrhagic ascites in the ayu fish (Plecoglossus altivelis), from which it derives its name.

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Pseudomonas poae

Pseudomonas poae is a fluorescent, Gram-negative bacterium isolated from the phyllosphere of grasses.

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Pseudomonas pohangensis

Pseudomonas pohangensis is a Gram-negative, non-fluorescent, non-sporulating, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from seashore sand on Homi cape, near Pohang city, Korea.

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Pseudomonas protegens

Pseudomonas protegens are widespread Gram-negative, plant-protecting bacteria.

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Pseudomonas proteolytica

Pseudomonas proteolytica is a psychrophilic, Gram-negative, motile with a polar flagellum, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from cyanobacterial mats in Antarctica.

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Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes

Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes is an aerobic, Gram-negative soil bacterium that was first isolated from swimming pool water.

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Pseudomonas psychrophila

Pseudomonas psychrophila is a psychrophilic, Gram-negative, aerobic, straight rod bacterium with polar flagella.

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Pseudomonas psychrotolerans

Pseudomonas psychrotolerans is a yellow-pigmented, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium found in small European ungulates.

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Pseudomonas putida

Pseudomonas putida is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, saprotrophic soil bacterium.

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Pseudomonas rathonis

Pseudomonas rathonis is a Gram-negative bacterium originally isolated from the rhizosphere of agriculturally important crops.

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Pseudomonas reptilivora

Pseudomonas reptilivora is a fluorescent, yellow-green, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, multiple polar flagellated, motile bacterium that is pathogenic to reptiles.

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Pseudomonas resiniphila

Pseudomonas resiniphila is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that grows on pulp mill effluents with resin acids.

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Pseudomonas resinovorans

Pseudomonas resinovorans is a Gram-negative, soil bacterium that is commonly found in the lubricating oils of wood mills.

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Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae

Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium found in rhizospheric soil of grasses in Spain.

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Pseudomonas rhodesiae

Pseudomonas rhodesiae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from natural mineral waters.

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Pseudomonas rubescens

Pseudomonas rubescens is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that was originally isolated from the oil in a machine shop.

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Pseudomonas salomonii

Pseudomonas salomonii is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects garlic (Allium sativum).

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Pseudomonas savastanoi

Pseudomonas savastanoi is a Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacterium that infects a variety of plants.

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Pseudomonas segitis

Pseudomonas segitis is a Gram-negative, aerobic soil bacterium found in Korea.

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Pseudomonas septica

Pseudomonas septica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, bacterium that is pathogenic to insects.

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Pseudomonas simiae

Pseudomonas simiae is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from monkeys (Callithrix geoffroyi).

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Pseudomonas sRNA P1

Pseudomonas sRNA P1 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its expression verified by northern blot analysis.

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Pseudomonas sRNA P11

Pseudomonas sRNA P11 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its expression verified by northern blot analysis.

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Pseudomonas sRNA P15

Pseudomonas sRNA P15 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its expression verified by northern blot analysis.

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Pseudomonas sRNA P16

Pseudomonas sRNA P16 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its expression verified by northern blot analysis.

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Pseudomonas sRNA P24

Pseudomonas sRNA P24 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its expression verified by northern blot analysis.

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Pseudomonas sRNA P26

Pseudomonas sRNA P26 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its expression verified by northern blot analysis.

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Pseudomonas sRNA P9

Pseudomonas sRNA P9 is a ncRNA that was predicted using bioinformatic tools in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its expression verified by northern blot analysis.

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Pseudomonas straminea

Pseudomonas straminea is a Gram-negative, rod bacterium that includes strains formerly identified as P. ochracea.

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Pseudomonas stutzeri

Pseudomonas stutzeri is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, single polar-flagellated, soil bacterium first isolated from human spinal fluid.

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Pseudomonas suis

Pseudomonas suis is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes croupous pneumonia of swine (genus Sus) from which it derives its name.

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Pseudomonas synxantha

Pseudomonas synxantha is a fluorescent rhizosphere bacterium with nematicidal properties.

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Pseudomonas syringae

Pseudomonas syringae is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium with polar flagella.

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Pseudomonas taetrolens

Pseudomonas taetrolens is a Gram-negative, nonsporulating, motile, rod-shaped bacterium that causes mustiness in eggs.

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Pseudomonas thermotolerans

Pseudomonas thermotolerans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium found in the industrial cooking water of a cork-processing plant.

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Pseudomonas thivervalensis

Pseudomonas thivervalensis is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that infects the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Pseudomonas tolaasii

Pseudomonas tolaasii is a species of Gram-negative soil bacteria that is the causal agent of bacterial blotch on cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus).

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Pseudomonas tomato

'Pseudomonas tomato' is a Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacterium that infects a variety of plants.

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Pseudomonas tremae

Pseudomonas tremae is a white, Gram-negative, non-fluorescent, motile, flagellated, aerobic bacterium that infects Trema orientalis, from which it derives its name.

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Pseudomonas trivialis

Pseudomonas trivialis is a fluorescent, Gram-negative bacterium isolated from the phyllosphere of grasses.

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Pseudomonas turbinellae

Pseudomonas turbinellae is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes bacterial leaf spot.

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Pseudomonas tuticorinensis

Pseudomonas tuticorinensis is a Gram-negative, marine denitrifying bacterium.

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Pseudomonas umsongensis

Pseudomonas umsongensis is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, motile, single polar-flagellated, yellow-white, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from the soil in the Umsong region of Korea.

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Pseudomonas vancouverensis

Pseudomonas vancouverensis is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that grows on pulp mill effluents with resin acids.

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Pseudomonas veronii

Pseudomonas veronii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, fluorescent, motile bacterium isolated from natural springs in France.

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Pseudomonas viridiflava

Pseudomonas viridiflava is a fluorescent, Gram-negative, soil bacterium that is pathogenic to plants.

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Pseudomonas vranovensis

Pseudomonas vranovensis is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.

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Pseudomonas xanthomarina

Pseudomonas xanthomarina is a bacterium found in marine ascidians.

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Pseudonocardia

Pseudonocardia is the type genus of the bacteria family Pseudonocardiaceae.

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Pseudonocardia asaccharolytica

Pseudonocardia asaccharolytica is a dimethyl disulfide-degrading actinomycete, with type strain DSM 44247T.

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Pseudonocardia benzenivorans

Pseudonocardia benzenivorans is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, with type strain B5T(.

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Pseudonocardia oroxyli

Pseudonocardia oroxyli is a soil-dwelling actinomycete that was isolated from the roots of the South-East Asia tree Oroxylum indicum.

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Pseudonocardia sulfidoxydans

Pseudonocardia sulfidoxydans is a dimethyl disulfide-degrading actinomycete, with type strain DSM 44248T.

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Pseudonocardiaceae

The Pseudonocardiaceae are a family of bacteria in the order Actinomycetales and the only member of the suborder Pseudonocardineae.

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Pseudopedobacter

Pseudopedobacter is a genus from the family of Sphingobacteriaceae.

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Pseudopedobacter beijingensis

Pseudopedobacter beijingensis is a Gram-negative and motile bacterium from the genus of Pseudopedobacter.

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Pseudopedobacter saltans

Pseudopedobacter saltans is a species of heparinase-producing bacteria.

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Pseudopeptidoglycan

Pseudopeptidoglycan (also known as pseudomureinWhite, David. (1995) The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes, pages 6, 12-21. (Oxford: Oxford University Press)..) is a major cell wall component of some Archaea that differs from bacterial peptidoglycan in chemical structure, but resembles bacterial peptidoglycan in function and physical structure.

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Pseudorhodobacter

In taxonomy, Pseudorhodobacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Pseudosphingobacterium

Pseudosphingobacterium is a genus from the family of Sphingobacteriaceae, with one known species (Pseudosphingobacterium domesticum).

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Pseudosphingobacterium domesticum

Pseudosphingobacterium domesticum is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Pseudosphingobacterium which has been isolated from compost in Porto in Portugal.

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Pseudovibrio

In taxonomy, Pseudovibrio is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Pseudoxanthobacter

Pseudoxanthobacter is a genus of Gram negative, rod-shaped aerobic and nitrogen fixing bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae.

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Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis

Pseudoxanthobacter liyangensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nitrogen fixing aerobic bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from soil in Liyang in China.

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Pseudoxanthobacter soli

Pseudoxanthobacter soli is a Gram negative, aerobic rod-shaped and nitrogen fixing bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from soil from an agricultural research field station in Kaohsiung County in Taiwan.

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Pseudoxanthomonas

Pseudoxanthomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Xanthomonadaceae from the phylum Proteobacteria.

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Pseudoxanthomonas broegbernensis

Pseudoxanthomonas broegbernensis is a yellow-pigmented bacteria the type species of its genus.

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Pseudoxanthomonas daejeonensis

Pseudoxanthomonas daejeonensis is a species of Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, first isolated from ginseng fields.

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Pseudoxanthomonas japonensis

Pseudoxanthomonas japonensis is a species of mesophilic, motile, strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria with one polar flagellum, first isolated from human urine, riverside urban soil and anaerobic digester.

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Pseudoxanthomonas koreensis

Pseudoxanthomonas koreensis is a species of Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, first isolated from ginseng fields.

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Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana

Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana is a species of mesophilic, motile, strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria with one polar flagellum, first isolated from human urine, riverside urban soil and anaerobic digester.

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Psittacosis

Psittacosis—also known as parrot fever, and ornithosis—is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Chlamydia psittaci and contracted from infected parrots, such as macaws, cockatiels and budgerigars, and pigeons, sparrows, ducks, hens, gulls and many other species of bird.

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PSORTdb

PSORTdb is a database of protein subcellular localization (SCL) for bacteria and archaea.

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Psychrobacter

Psychrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, osmotolerant, oxidase-positive, psychrophilic or psychrotolerant, aerobic bacteria which belong to the family Moraxellaceae and the class Gammaproteobacteria.

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Psychrobacter adeliensis

Psychrobacter adeliensis is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter which was isolated from fast ice in the middle of the Geologie Archipelago in Adelie Land in the Antarctica.

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Psychrobacter aestuarii

Psychrobacter aestuarii is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, nonspore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter which was isolated from tidal flat sediment in the South Sea in Korea.

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Psychrobacter alimentarius

Psychrobacter alimentarius is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter which was isolated from squid ''jeotgal'', a traditional Korean fermented seafood, in South Korea.

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Psychrobacter aquaticus

Psychrobacter aquaticus is a Gram-negative, psychrophilic, halotolerant, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter which was isolated from the McMurdo Dry Valley region of Antarctica.

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Psychrobacter aquimaris

Psychrobacter aquimaris is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter which was isolated from the South Sea in Korea.

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Psychrobacter arcticus

Psychrobacter arcticus is a Gram-negative, nonmotile species of bacteria first isolated from Siberian permafrost.

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Psychrobacter arenosus

Psychrobacter arenosus is a Gram-negative, psychrotolerant, aerobic, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from coastal sea ice and sediment samples of the Sea of Japan.

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Psychrobacter celer

Psychrobacter celer is a Gram-negative, slightly halophilic, nonspore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from the South Sea in Korea.

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Psychrobacter cibarius

Psychrobacter cibarius is a Gram-negative, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from jeotgal in Korea.

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Psychrobacter ciconiae

Psychrobacter ciconiae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from the stork Ciconia ciconia.

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Psychrobacter cryohalolentis

Psychrobacter cryohalolentis is a Gram-negative, nonmotile species of bacteria.

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Psychrobacter faecalis

Psychrobacter faecalis is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from the bioaerosol of a room which was contaminated with pigeon faeces in Germany.

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Psychrobacter fozii

Psychrobacter fozii is a psychrophilic, oxidase-positive, halotolerant, Gram-negative, nonmotile coccobacillus with a strictly oxidative metabolism, first isolated from Antarctic environments.

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Psychrobacter frigidicola

Psychrobacter frigidicola is a psychrophilic, oxidase-positive, halotolerant, Gram-negative, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter which was isolated from the Antarctic.

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Psychrobacter fulvigenes

Psychrobacter fulvigenes is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic, nonspore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from the Sea of Japan.

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Psychrobacter glacincola

Psychrobacter glacincola is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, halotolerant, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from the anchor ice of Amery Ice Shelf in Antarctica.

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Psychrobacter immobilis

Psychrobacter immobilis is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, psychrotrophic, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter which was isolated from cheese, fish, and processed meat and poultry products.

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Psychrobacter jeotgali

Psychrobacter jeotgali is a species of bacteria named after jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood, where it was first isolated.

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Psychrobacter luti

Psychrobacter luti is a species of bacterium first isolated from Antarctic environments.

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Psychrobacter lutiphocae

Psychrobacter lutiphocae is a Gram-negative, aerobic oxidase- and catalase-positive, nonspore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from the faeces of a seal in Schleswig-Holstein in Germany.

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Psychrobacter marincola

Psychrobacter marincola is a Gram-negative, psychrophilic, moderately halophilic, aerobic oxidase- and catalase-positive, nonpigmented nonspore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from the Indian Ocean.

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Psychrobacter maritimus

Psychrobacter maritimus is a Gram-negative, aerobic oxidase- and catalase-positive, nonpigmented, nonspore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from coastal sea ice and sediments of the Sea of Japan and in Russia.

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Psychrobacter namhaensis

Psychrobacter namhaensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, nonspore-forming, slightly halophilic bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from the South Sea in Korea.

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Psychrobacter nivimaris

Psychrobacter nivimaris is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from the Southern Ocean.

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Psychrobacter oceani

Psychrobacter oceani is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from a sample of marine sediment from the Pacific Ocean.

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Psychrobacter okhotskensis

Psychrobacter okhotskensis is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, facultatively psychrophilic, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from seawater of the Monbetsu coast of the Okhotsk Sea in Hokkaido in Japan.

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Psychrobacter pacificensis

Psychrobacter pacificensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, nonspore-forming, catalase- and oxidase-positive, psychrophilic, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from 6000-m-deep seawater of the Japan Trench on the Hachijo Island in Japan.

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Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus

Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from human blood in Belgium.

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Psychrobacter piscatorii

Psychrobacter piscatorii is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, psychrotolerant, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from a fish-processing plant.

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Psychrobacter proteolyticus

Psychrobacter proteolyticus is a species of bacteria first isolated from the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba.

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Psychrobacter pulmonis

Psychrobacter pulmonis is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, strictly aerobic, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from the lungs of lambs in Zaragoza in Spain.

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Psychrobacter salsus

Psychrobacter salsus is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from the fast ice in the middle of Geologie Archipelago in Adelie Land in Antarctica.

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Psychrobacter sanguinis

Psychrobacter sanguinis is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from human blood in New York.

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Psychrobacter submarinus

Psychrobacter submarinus is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, psychrophilic, halophilic nonmotile aerobic bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from seawater at a depth of 300 m from the Pacific Ocean.

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Psychrobacter urativorans

Psychrobacter urativorans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated a finished package of pork sausage from frozen meat.

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Psychrobacter vallis

Psychrobacter vallis is a Gram-negative, psychrophilic, halotolerant, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from cyanobacterial mat samples from the McMurdo Dry Valley region of Antarctica.

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Psychroflexus

Psychroflexus is a psychrophilic bacteria genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.

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Psychroflexus gondwanensis

Psychroflexus gondwanensis is a halophilic bacteria from the genus of Psychroflexus which has been isolated from am organic lake in Antarctica.

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Psychroflexus halocasei

Psychroflexus halocasei is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, halophilic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Psychroflexus which has been isolated from the surface of cheese in Salzburg in Austria.

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Psychroflexus planctonicus

Psychroflexus planctonicus is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic, and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Psychroflexus which has been isolated from the Lake Xiaochaidan in Qaidam Basin in the Qinghai Province in China.

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Psychroflexus salarius

Psychroflexus salarius is a Gram-negative, aerobic, moderately halophilic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Psychroflexus which has been isolated from the Gomso salt pan in Buan County in Korea.

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Psychroflexus salinarum

Psychroflexus salinarum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Psychroflexus which has been isolated from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

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Psychroflexus salis

Psychroflexus salis is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Psychroflexus which has been isolated from the Lake Xiaochaidan in the Qinghai Province in China.

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Psychroflexus sediminis

Psychroflexus sediminis is a Gram-negative, mesophilic, slightly halophilic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Psychroflexus which has been isolated from a salt lake in Qaidam Basin in China.

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Psychroflexus torquis

Psychroflexus torquis is a species of bacterium.

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Psychroflexus tropicus

Psychroflexus tropicus is an obligately halophilic Cytophaga–Flavobacterium–Bacteroides group bacterium.

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Psychromonas antarctica

Psychromonas antarctica is a species of Proteobacteria.

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Psychrophile

Psychrophiles or cryophiles (adj. psychrophilic or cryophilic) are extremophilic organisms that are capable of growth and reproduction in low temperatures, ranging from −20 °C to +10 °C.

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Psychroserpens

Psychroserpens is a Gram-negative and strictly aerobic bacteria genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.

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Psychroserpens burtonensis

Psychroserpens burtonensis is a species of psychrophilic, yellow-pigmented bacteria.

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Pteraster tesselatus

Pteraster tesselatus, the slime star or cushion star, is a species of starfish in the family Pterasteridae found in the North Pacific.

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PTS L-Ascorbate Family

The PTS L-Ascorbate (L-Asc) Family includes porters specific for L-ascorbate, and is part of the PTS-AG superfamily.

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Public health

Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals".

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Puerto Ricans in World War I

Puerto Ricans and people of Puerto Rican descent have participated as members of the United States Armed Forces in every conflict in which the United States has been involved since World War I. One of the consequences of the Spanish–American War was that Puerto Rico was annexed by the United States in accordance with the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898, ratified on December 10, 1898.

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Pulley Ridge

Pulley Ridge is a mesophotic coral reef system off the shores of the continental United States.

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Pullulanase

Pullulanase (limit dextrinase, amylopectin 6-glucanohydrolase, bacterial debranching enzyme, debranching enzyme, alpha-dextrin endo-1,6-alpha-glucosidase, R-enzyme, pullulan alpha-1,6-glucanohydrolase) is a specific kind of glucanase, an amylolytic exoenzyme, that degrades pullulan.

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Pulmonary alveolus

A pulmonary alveolus (plural: alveoli, from Latin alveolus, "little cavity") is a hollow cavity found in the lung parenchyma, and is the basic unit of ventilation.

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Pulmonary sequestration

A pulmonary sequestration (bronchopulmonary sequestration or cystic lung lesion), is a medical condition wherein a piece of tissue that ultimately develops into lung tissue is not attached to the pulmonary arterial blood supply, as is the case in normally developing lung.

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Pulpitis

Pulpitis is inflammation of dental pulp tissue.

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PurD RNA motif

The purD RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure found in epsilonproteobacteria, such as the genera Helicobacter and Campylobacter.

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Purified water

Purified water is water that has been mechanically filtered or processed to remove impurities and make it suitable for use.

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Purine riboswitch

A purine riboswitch is a sequence of ribonucleotides in certain messenger RNA (mRNA) that selectively binds to purine ligands via a natural aptamer domain.

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Purinergic signalling

Purinergic signalling (or signaling: see American and British English differences) is a form of extracellular signalling mediated by purine nucleotides and nucleosides such as adenosine and ATP.

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Purple sulfur bacteria

The purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) are part of a group of Proteobacteria capable of photosynthesis, collectively referred to as purple bacteria.

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Purple urine bag syndrome

For other uses see PUBS (disambiguation page) Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a medical syndrome where purple discoloration of urine occurs in people with urinary catheters and co-existent urinary tract infection.

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Purse hook

A purse hook (also known as a handbag hook or handbag hanger is a type of hook meant to temporarily secure a purse or handbag to a table, sink or armrest. Such hooks have been available since the 1920s. Queen Elizabeth II is said to employ an S-shaped one to hang her handbags on.

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Purshia

Purshia (bitterbrush or cliff-rose) is a small genus of 5-8 species of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, native to western North America, where they grow in dry climates from southeast British Columbia in Canada south throughout the western United States to northern Mexico.

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Pusillimonas

Pusillimonas is a genus of Gram-negative oxidase-positive bacteria of the family Alcaligenaceae.

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Pusillimonas ginsengisoli

Pusillimonas ginsengisoli is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic, nonspore-forming, short rod-shaped, motile bacterium of the genus Pusillimonas, isolated from the soil of a ginseng field in South Korea.

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Pusillimonas harenae

Pusillimonas harenae is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile bacterium of the genus Pusillimonas, isolated from beach sand on the Taean coast in South Korea.

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Pusillimonas noertemannii

Pusillimonas noertemannii is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium of the genus Pusillimonas; the type strain (BN9T.

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Pusillimonas soli

Pusillimonas soli is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, nonspore-forming, motile bacterium of the genus Pusillimonas, isolated from farm soil near Daejeon in South Korea.

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Putrefying bacteria

Putrefying bacteria are bacteria involved in putrefaction of living matter.

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Pyaemia

Pyaemia (or pyemia) is a type of septicaemia that leads to widespread abscesses of a metastatic nature.

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Pycnanthus angolensis

Pycnanthus angolensis is a species of tree in the nutmeg family, Myristicaceae.

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Pycnocline

A pycnocline is the cline or layer where the density gradient is greatest within a body of water.

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Pyometra

Pyometra or pyometrea is a uterine infection.

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Pyomyositis

Pyomyositis, also known as tropical pyomyositis or myositis tropicans, is a bacterial infection of the skeletal muscles which results in a pus-filled abscess.

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Pyridine

Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C5H5N.

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Pyrimidine metabolism

Pyrimidine biosynthesis occurs both in the body and through organic synthesis.

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PyrR binding site

The PyrR binding site is an RNA element that is found upstream of a variety of genes involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis and transport.

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Pyrrolysine

Pyrrolysine (symbol Pyl or O; encoded by the 'amber' stop codon UAG) is an ɑ-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins in some methanogenic archaea and bacteria; it is not present in humans.

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Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Pyruvate dehydrogenase is the first component enzyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC).

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Pyruvate kinase

X-ray Crystallography Derived --> Pyruvate kinase is the enzyme that catalyzes the final step of glycolysis.

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Pythium oligandrum

Pythium oligandrum is an oomycete.

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Q fever

Q fever is a disease caused by infection with Coxiella burnetii, a bacterium that affects humans and other animals.

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QMCF Technology

QMCF Technology is an episomal protein production system that uses genetically modified mammalian cells and specially designed plasmids.

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Quadricoccus

Quadricoccus is a genus of gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacteria from the family of Rhodocyclaceae which belongs to the class of Betaproteobacteria.

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Quadricoccus australiensis

Quadricoccus australiensis is a gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, aerobic, non-motile bacterium from the genus of Quadricoccus which was isolated from activated sludge biomass sample in Australia.

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Quantum superposition

Quantum superposition is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics.

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Quasispecies model

The quasispecies model is a description of the process of the Darwinian evolution of certain self-replicating entities within the framework of physical chemistry.

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Queuosine

Queuosine is a modified nucleoside that is present in certain tRNAs in bacteria and eukaryotes.

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Quinella (bacterium)

Quinella is a genus of bacteria in the Veillonellaceae family.

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Quorum sensing

In biology, quorum sensing is the ability to detect and to respond to cell population density by gene regulation.

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Quorum-quenching N-acyl-homoserine lactonase

Quorum-quenching N-acyl-homoserine lactonase (acyl homoserine degrading enzyme, acyl-homoserine lactone acylase, AHL lactonase, AHL-degrading enzyme, AHL-inactivating enzyme, AHLase, AhlD, AhlK, AiiA, AiiA lactonase, AiiA-like protein, AiiB, AiiC, AttM, delactonase, lactonase-like enzyme, N-acyl homoserine lactonase, N-acyl homoserine lactone hydrolase, N-acyl-homoserine lactone lactonase, N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone hydrolase, quorum-quenching lactonase, quorum-quenching N-acyl homoserine lactone hydrolase) is an enzyme with systematic name N-acyl-L-homoserine-lactone lactonohydrolase.

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R-factor

Resistance transfer factor (shortened as R-factor or RTF) is an old name for a plasmid that codes for antibiotic resistance.

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R.EcoRII

Restriction endonuclease (REase) EcoRII (pronounced "eco R two") is an enzyme of restriction modification system (RM) naturally found in Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacteria.

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R/K selection theory

In ecology, r/K selection theory relates to the selection of combinations of traits in an organism that trade off between quantity and quality of offspring.

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R1 plasmid

The R1 Plasmid is a plasmid that was first isolated from Salmonella paratyphi bacteria in 1963.

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R1162-like plasmid antisense RNA

R1162-like plasmid antisense RNA is a 75-base RNA molecule which negatively regulates the RepI region of the plasmid.

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R2a agar

R2A agar (Reasoner's 2A agar) is a culture medium developed to study bacteria which normally inhabit potable water.

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Raccoon

The raccoon (or, Procyon lotor), sometimes spelled racoon, also known as the common raccoon, North American raccoon, or northern raccoon, is a medium-sized mammal native to North America.

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Rachel Brouwer

Rachel Brouwer is a Canadian secondary school student from Bedford, Nova Scotia, who has invented a new method of killing bacteria in drinking water which requires no fuel and uses material commonly available in third-world countries.

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RAD51

RAD51 is a eukaryotic gene.

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Radaisia

Radaisia is a genus of coccoid cyanobacterium comprising about 10 identified species.

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RadC RNA motif

The radC RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics.

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Radiochemistry

Radiochemistry is the chemistry of radioactive materials, where radioactive isotopes of elements are used to study the properties and chemical reactions of non-radioactive isotopes (often within radiochemistry the absence of radioactivity leads to a substance being described as being inactive as the isotopes are stable).

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Radioresistance

Radioresistance is the level of ionizing radiation that organisms are able to withstand.

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Radix auricularia

Radix auricularia, common name the big-ear radix, is a species of medium-sized freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lymnaeidae.

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Raffinose

Raffinose is a trisaccharide composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose.

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RAGATH RNA motifs

RNAs Associated with Genes Associated with Twister and Hammerhead ribozymes (RAGATH) refers to a bioinformatics strategy that was devised to find self-cleaving ribozymes in bacteria.

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Rainforest

Rainforests are forests characterized by high rainfall, with annual rainfall in the case of tropical rainforests between, and definitions varying by region for temperate rainforests.

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Rakfisk

Rakfisk Norwegian fish dish made from trout or sometimes char, salted and fermented for two to three months, or even up to a year, then eaten without cooking.

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Ralph Walter Graystone Wyckoff

Ralph Walter Graystone Wyckoff, Sr. (born August 9, 1897 in Geneva, New York; died November 3, 1994 in Tucson, Arizona) was an American scientist and pioneer of X-ray crystallography.

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Ralstonia

Ralstonia is a genus of Proteobacteria, previously included in the genus Pseudomonas.

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Ralstonia insidiosa

Ralstonia insidiosa is a Gram-negative, environmental bacterium.

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Ralstonia mannitolilytica

Ralstonia mannitolilytica is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.

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Ralstonia phage RSA1

Ralstonia phage RSA1 is a virus of the family Myoviridae, genus P2likevirus.

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Ralstonia pickettii

Ralstonia pickettii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, soil bacterium.

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Ralstonia solanacearum

Ralstonia solanacearum is an aerobic nonspore-forming, Gram-negative, plant pathogenic bacterium.

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Ralstonia syzygii

Ralstonia syzygii is a species of Proteobacteria of the family of Burkholderiaceae.

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Ralstoniaceae

The Ralstoniaceae are a family of Gram-negative bacteria included in the order Burkholderiales.

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Ramie

Ramie is a flowering plant in the nettle family Urticaceae, native to eastern Asia.

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Ramlibacter tataouinensis

Ramlibacter tataouinensis is a Gram-negative beta-proteobacterium.

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Ran Poliakine

Ran Poliakine (Hebrew: רן פוליאקין) is an Israeli businessman, the founder of Powermat Technologies.

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Random walk

A random walk is a mathematical object, known as a stochastic or random process, that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some mathematical space such as the integers.

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Raoultella

The genus Raoultella is composed of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, aerobic, nonmotile, capsulated, facultatively anaerobic rods (formerly designated Klebsiella) in the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Raoultella planticola

Raoultella planticola is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Raoultella.

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Rapidithrix

Rapidiothrix is a genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae with one known species (Rapidithrix thailandica).

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Rapidithrix thailandica

Rapidithrix thailandica is a bacterium from the genus of Rapidithrix which has been isolated from the coastline from the Andaman sea in Thailand.

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Rare biosphere

Rare biosphere refers to diverse rare species of bacteria, adapted to environmental conditions that are not common today.

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Rarobacteraceae

Rarobacteraceae is a monotypic Actinomycete family.

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Rat

Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents in the superfamily Muroidea.

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Rat-bite fever

Rat-bite fever is an acute, febrile human illness caused by bacteria transmitted by rodents, in most cases, which is passed from rodent to human by the rodent's urine or mucous secretions.

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Rathayibacter

Rathayibacter is a genus of bacteria of the order Actinomycetales which are gram-positive soil organisms.

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Rathayibacter toxicus

Rathayibacter toxicus is a phytopathogenic bacterium known for causing annual ryegrass toxicity (ARGT) commonly found in South and Western Australia.

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Rathayibacter tritici

Rathayibacter tritici is a Gram-positive soil bacterium.

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Rats in New York City

Rats in New York City are widespread, as they are in many densely populated areas.

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Raw animal food diets

Foods included in raw animal food diets include any food that can be eaten raw, so including raw, unprocessed meats/organ-meats/raw eggs, raw dairy, and aged, raw animal foods such as century eggs, fermenting meat/fish/shellfish/dairy(such as kefir), as well as, to a lesser extent, nuts/sprouts/plants/fruits, but generally not raw grains, raw beans, raw soy etc., because of digestibility and toxicity issues and also because paleolists tend to reject neolithic or domesticated foods.

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Raw milk

Raw milk is milk that has not been pasteurized, a process where milk products are heated to decontaminate it for safe drinking.

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Raw water

Raw water is water found in the environment that has not been treated and does not have any of its minerals, ions, particles, bacteria, or parasites removed.

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RcsR1 small RNA

RcsR1 (rhizobial cold and salinity stress riboregulator 1) trans-acting sRNA, formerly known as SmelC587, is a stress-related riboregulator, conserved in Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium.

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Reaction to the 2010 Copiapó mining accident

The 2010 Copiapó mining accident occurred when the San Jose Mine near to Copiapó, Chile, collapsed, leaving 32 miners of Chilean nationality and one Bolivian miner trapped inside about 700 metres (over 2000 feet) below the surface.

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Reagent

A reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or added to test if a reaction occurs.

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Rebecca Lancefield

Rebecca Craighill Lancefield (January 5, 1895 – March 3, 1981) was a prominent American microbiologist.

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RecA

RecA is a 38 kilodalton protein essential for the repair and maintenance of DNA.

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RecF pathway

The RecF pathway, also called the RecFOR pathway, is a pathway of homologous recombination that repairs DNA in bacteria.

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Reclaimed water

Reclaimed or recycled water (also called wastewater reuse or water reclamation) is the process of converting wastewater into water that can be reused for other purposes.

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Recluse spider

The recluse spiders or brown spiders, genus Loxosceles, also known as fiddle-backs, violin spiders, or reapers, are a genus of venomous spiders known for their bite, which sometimes produces a characteristic set of symptoms known as loxoscelism.

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Recombinase

Recombinases are genetic recombination enzymes.

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Red complex

The red complex is a group of bacteria that are categorized together based on their association with severe forms of periodontal disease.

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Red weed

The red weed (also referred to as the red creeper or the red swamp) is a fictional plant native to Mars in the novel The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells.

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Red wine

Red wine is a type of wine made from dark-colored (black) grape varieties.

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Red-backed salamander

The red-backed (or redback) salamander (Plethodon cinereus) is a small, hardy woodland salamander.

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Reductive dechlorination

Reductive dechlorination is degradation of chlorinated organic compounds by chemical reduction with release of inorganic chloride ions.

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Refrigerator

A refrigerator (colloquially fridge, or fridgefreezer in the UK) is a popular household appliance that consists of a thermally insulated compartment and a heat pump (mechanical, electronic or chemical) that transfers heat from the inside of the fridge to its external environment so that the inside of the fridge is cooled to a temperature below the ambient temperature of the room.

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Regeneration (biology)

In biology, regeneration is the process of renewal, restoration, and growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ecosystems resilient to natural fluctuations or events that cause disturbance or damage.

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Regiella insecticola

Regiella insecticola is a species of bacteria, that lives as a symbiont of aphids.

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RegulonDB

RegulonDB is a database of the regulatory network of gene expression in ''Escherichia coli'' K-12.

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Reichenbachiella

Reichenbachiella is a chemoorganotrophic and strictly aerobic genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae.

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Reichenbachiella agariperforans

Reichenbachiella agariperforans is a bacterium from the genus of Reichenbachiella which has been isolated from seawater near the Amursky Bay by the Pacific Ocean.

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Reichenbachiella faecimaris

Reichenbachiella faecimaris is a bacterium from the genus of Reichenbachiella which has been isolated from tidal flat sediments from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

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Rejuvenation (aging)

Rejuvenation is a medical discipline focused on the practical reversal of the aging process.

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Relapsing fever

Relapsing fever is a vector-borne disease caused by infection with certain bacteria in the genus Borrelia, which are transmitted through the bites of lice or soft-bodied ticks (genus Ornithodoros).

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Relative biological effectiveness

In radiobiology, the relative biological effectiveness (often abbreviated as RBE) is the ratio of biological effectiveness of one type of ionizing radiation relative to another, given the same amount of absorbed energy.

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Rely (brand)

Rely was a brand of superabsorbent tampons made by Procter & Gamble starting in 1975.

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Renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney that transport primary urine.

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Renibacterium salmoninarum

Renibacterium salmoninarum is a member of the Micrococcaceae family.

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Rennet

Rennet is a complex set of enzymes produced in the stomachs of ruminant mammals.

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Reporter gene

In molecular biology, a reporter gene (often simply reporter) is a gene that researchers attach to a regulatory sequence of another gene of interest in bacteria, cell culture, animals or plants.

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Repression of heat shock gene expression (ROSE) element

The repression of heat shock gene expression (ROSE) element is an RNA element found in the 5' UTR of some heat shock protein's mRNAs.

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Reproduction

Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parents".

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Requeijão

Requeijão is a milk-derived product, produced in Portugal and Brazil.

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Reservoir

A reservoir (from French réservoir – a "tank") is a storage space for fluids.

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Resilin

Resilin is an elastomeric protein found in many insects and arthropods. It provides soft rubber-elasticity to mechanically active organs and tissue; for example, it enables insects of many species to jump or pivot their wings efficiently.

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Resistance-nodulation-cell division superfamily

Resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family transporters are a category of bacterial efflux pumps, especially identified in Gram-negative bacteria and located in the cytoplasmic membrane, that actively transport substrates.

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Resistome

The resistome is a proposed expression by Gerard D. Wright for the collection of all the antibiotic resistance genes and their precursors in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria.

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Resolvin

Resolvins are metabolic byproducts of omega-3 fatty acids, primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as well as docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and clupanodonic acid.

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Respirasome

Modern biological research has revealed strong evidence that the enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain assemble into larger, supramolecular structures called respirasomes or supercomplexes, instead of the traditional fluid model of discrete enzymes dispersed in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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Respiratory burst

Respiratory burst (sometimes called oxidative burst) is the rapid release of reactive oxygen species (superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide) from different types of cells.

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Response regulator

A response regulator is a protein that mediates a cell's response to changes in its environment as part of a two-component regulatory system.

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Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

The conservation-restoration of the frescoes of the Sistine Chapel was one of the most significant conservation-restorations of the 20th century.

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Restriction enzyme

A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within the molecule known as restriction sites.

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Restriction modification system

The restriction modification system (RM system) is found in bacteria and other prokaryotic organisms, and provides a defense against foreign DNA, such as that borne by bacteriophages.

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Resveratrol

Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol, and a phytoalexin produced by several plants in response to injury or, when the plant is under attack by pathogens such as bacteria or fungi.

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Retapamulin

Retapamulin is a topical antibiotic developed by GlaxoSmithKline.

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Reteplase

Reteplase (trade names Retavase, Rapilysin) is a thrombolytic drug, used to treat heart attacks by breaking up the clots that cause them.

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Reticulated poison frog

The reticulated poison frog (Ranitomeya ventrimaculata), known in French as dendrobate à ventre tacheté, is a species of poison dart frog.

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Reticulomyxa

Reticulomyxa is a monospecific genus of freshwater foraminiferans.

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Reticulon

Reticulons (RTNs in vertebrates and reticulon-like proteins or RNTls in other eukaryotes) are a group of evolutionary conservative proteins residing predominantly in endoplasmic reticulum, primarily playing a role in promoting membrane curvature.

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Retron

A retron is a distinct DNA sequence found in the genome of many bacteria species that codes for reverse transcriptase and a unique single-stranded DNA/RNA hybrid called multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA).

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Reverse ecology

Reverse ecology refers to the use of genomics to study ecology with no a priori assumptions about the organism(s) under consideration.

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Reverse Krebs cycle

The reverse Krebs cycle (also known as the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle, the reverse TCA cycle, or the reverse citric acid cycle) is a sequence of chemical reactions that are used by some bacteria to produce carbon compounds from carbon dioxide and water.

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Rhabdochlamydia

Candidatus Rhabdochlamydia is a genus of intracellular bacteria; a separate family, Candidatus Rhabdochlamydiaceae, has been proposed for this genus.

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Rhinitis

Rhinitis, also known as coryza, is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose.

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Rhipicephalus sanguineus

The brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), commonly called kennel tick, or pan-tropical dog tick, is a species of tick which is found worldwide, but more commonly in warmer climates.

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Rhizobacteria

Rhizobacteria are root-colonizing bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with many plants.

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Rhizobia

Rhizobia are bacteria that fix nitrogen (diazotrophs) after becoming established inside root nodules of legumes (Fabaceae).

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Rhizobiaceae

The Rhizobiaceae is a family of proteobacteria comprising multiple subgroups that enhance and hinder plant development.

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Rhizobiales-2 RNA motif

The Rhizobiales-2 RNA motif is a set of RNAs found in certain bacteria that are presumed to be homologous because they conserve a common primary and secondary structure (see diagram).

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Rhizobium

Rhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen.

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Rhizobium bangladeshense

Rhizobium bangladeshense is a gram-negative bacterium which was isolated from root nodules of lentils in Bangladesh.

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Rhizobium binae

Rhizobium binae is a gram-negative bacterium which was isolated from root nodules of lentils in Bangladesh.

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Rhizobium gallicum

Rhizobium gallicum is a Gram-negative root-nodule bacterium.

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Rhizobium hainanense

Rhizobium hainanense is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria.

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Rhizobium indigoferae

Rhizobium indigoferae is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria, which nodulates and forms nitrogen-fixing symbioses with Indigofera species Its type strain is CCBAU 71714(T) (.

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Rhizobium leguminosarum

Rhizobium leguminosarum is a bacterium which lives in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with legumes, and has the ability to fix free nitrogen from the air.

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Rhizobium lentis

Rhizobium lentis is a gram-negative bacterium which was isolated from root nodules of lentils in Bangladesh.

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Rhizobium loessense

Rhizobium loessense is a root nodule bacteria, first isolated from nodules of Astragalus and Lespedeza species.

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Rhizobium lusitanum

Rhizobium lusitanum is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria, specifically nodulating Phaseolus vulgaris.

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Rhizobium mongolense

Rhizobium mongolense is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria, which nodulates and forms nitrogen-fixing symbioses with Medicago ruthenica.

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Rhizobium rhizogenes

Rhizobium rhizogenes (formerly Agrobacterium rhizogenes) is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that produces hairy root disease in dicotyledonous plants.

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Rhizosphere

The rhizosphere is the narrow region of soil that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms.

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Rhodobaca

In taxonomy, Rhodobaca is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Rhodobacter

In taxonomy, Rhodobacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Rhodobacter capsulatus

Rhodobacter capsulatus is a species of purple bacteria, a group of bacteria that can obtain energy through photosynthesis.

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Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a kind of purple bacterium; a group of bacteria that can obtain energy through photosynthesis.

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Rhodobacteraceae

The Rhodobacteraceae are a family of proteobacteria, given their own order within the alpha subgroup.

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Rhodobacterales

Rhodobacterales are an order of the Alphaproteobacteria.

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Rhodobiaceae

The Rhodobiaceae are a family of bacteria.

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Rhodobium (bacterium)

Rhodobium is a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria.

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Rhodobium gokarnense

Rhodobium gokarnense is a phototrophic bacterium species from the genus of Rhodobium which has been isolated from soil in Gokarna in India.

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Rhodobium orientis

Rhodobium orientis is a phototrophic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile bacterium species from the genus of Rhodobium which has been isolated from coastal seawater from Makurazaki in Japan.

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Rhodoblastus

Rhodoblastus is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bradyrhizobiaceae.

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Rhodoblastus acidophilus

Rhodoblastus acidophilus, formerly known as Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, is a gram-negative purple non-sulfur bacteria.

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Rhodoblastus sphagnicola

Rhodoblastus sphagnicola is a rod-shaped bacteria with a polar flagella from the genus of Rhodoblastus which was isolated from acidic Sphagnum peat from Sosvyatskoe bog in the Tver Region in the West Dvinskiy district in Russia.

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Rhodococcus

Rhodococcus is a genus of aerobic, nonsporulating, nonmotile Gram-positive bacteria closely related to Mycobacterium and Corynebacterium.

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Rhodococcus baikonurensis

Rhodococcus baikonurensis is a bacterium species in the genus Rhodococcus.

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Rhodococcus equi

Rhodococcus equi is a Gram-positive coccobacillus bacterium.

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Rhodococcus fascians

Rhodococcus fascians (known as Corynebacterium fascians until 1984) is a Gram positive bacterial phytopathogen that causes leafy gall disease.

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Rhodococcus marinonascens

Rhodococcus marinonascens is a bacterium species in the genus Rhodococcus.

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Rhodococcus opacus

Rhodococcus opacus is a bacterium species in the genus Rhodococcus.

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Rhodococcus phenolicus

Rhodococcus phenolicus is a bacterium species in the genus Rhodococcus.

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Rhodococcus rhodochrous

Rhodococcus rhodochrous is a bacterium used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture.

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Rhodocyclus

Rhodocyclus is a genus of gram-negative bacteria from the family of Rhodocyclaceae which belongs to the class of Betaproteobacteria.

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Rhodocyclus gelatinosus

Rhodocyclus gelatinosus is a gram-negative bacterium which has been transferred to Rubrivivax gelatinosus.

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Rhodocyclus purpureus

Rhodocyclus purpureus is a species of bacteria.

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Rhodocyclus tenuis

Rhodocyclus tenuis is a bacterium from the genus of Rhodocyclus.

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Rhododendron album

Rhododendron album is a species of plant in the Ericaceae family.

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Rhodoferax antarcticus

Rhodoferax antarcticus is a psychrophilic, phototrophic, nonsulfur, highly motile bacterium from the genus Rhodoferax, which was isolated from an Antarctic microbial mat in Ross Island.

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Rhodoferax fermentans

Rhodoferax fermentans is a psychrophilic, motile bacterium from the genus Rhodoferax.

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Rhodoferax ferrireducens

Rhodoferax ferrireducens is a psychrotolerant bacterium from the genus Rhodoferax, which was isolated from the mud of Oyster Bay in Virginia.

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Rhodomicrobium

Rhodomicrobium is a microaerobic to anaerobic, purple non-sulfur, cluster-building genus of bacteria.

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Rhodomicrobium udaipurense

Rhodomicrobium udaipurense is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, phototrophic, psychrotolerant bacterium from the genus of Rhodomicrobium which was isolated from a freshwater stream.

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Rhodomicrobium vannielii

Rhodomicrobium vannielii is a non-sulphur, photoheterotroph bacterium.

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Rhodopila globiformis

Rhodopila globiformis is a species of bacteria, formerly known as Rhodopseudomonas globiformis.

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Rhodoplanes

Rhodoplanes is a phototrophic genus of bacteria.

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Rhodoplanes elegans

Rhodoplanes elegans is a phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacteria with rod-shaped cells.

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Rhodoplanes oryzae

Rhodoplanes oryzae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, phototrophic bacterium from the genus of Rhodoplanes.

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Rhodoplanes piscinae

Rhodoplanes piscinae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, phototrophic, non-sulfur bacterium from the genus of Rhodoplanes which has been isolated from a freshwater fish pond in Mangalore in India.

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Rhodoplanes pokkaliisoli

Rhodoplanes pokkaliisoli is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-sulfur bacterium from the genus of Rhodoplanes which has been isolated from mud of a rice field on the Vypeen Island in India.

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Rhodoplanes roseus

Rhodoplanes roseus is a phototrophic bacterium from the genus of Rhodoplanes which has been isolated from a duck pond in Cambridge in New Zealand.

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Rhodoplanes serenus

Rhodoplanes serenus is a Gram-negative, phototrophic, non-sulfur, motile bacterium from the genus of Rhodoplanes which has been isolated from pond water from the Sanshiro-ike pond near the University of Tokyo in Japan.

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Rhodopseudomonas

Rhodopseudomonas is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bradyrhizobiaceae.

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Rhodopseudomonas faecalis

Rhodopseudomonas faecalis is a gram-negative, anaerobic, phototroph bacteria from the genus of Rhodopseudomonas with a polar flagella which was isolated from chicken faeces.

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Rhodopseudomonas harwoodiae

Rhodopseudomonas harwoodiae is a bacterium from the genus of Rhodopseudomonas.

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Rhodopseudomonas julia

Rhodopseudomonas julia is a bacterium from the genus of Rhodopseudomonas which was isolated from a sulfur spring from the Golovin Volcano on the Kunashir Island in Russia.

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Rhodopseudomonas palustris

Rhodopseudomonas palustris is a rod-shaped gram-negative purple non-sulfur bacterium, notable for its ability to switch between four different modes of metabolism.

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Rhodopseudomonas parapalustris

Rhodopseudomonas parapalustris is a rod-shaped, budding phototrophic and motile bacterium from the genus of Rhodopseudomonas which has been isolated from soil and freshwater sediments in India.

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Rhodospirillaceae

The Rhodospirillaceae are a family of Proteobacteria.

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Rhodospirillales

The Rhodospirillales are an order of Proteobacteria, with two families: the Acetobacteraceae and the Rhodospirillaceae.

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Rhodospirillum rubrum

Rhodospirillum rubrum (R. rubrum) is a Gram-negative, pink-coloured Proteobacterium, with a size of 800 to 1000 nanometers.

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Rhodothalassium

In taxonomy, Rhodothalassium is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Rhodothermus marinus

Rhodothermus marinus is a species of bacteria.

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Rhodotorulic acid

Rhodotorulic acid is the smallest of the 2,5-diketopiperazine family of hydroxamate siderophores which are high-affinity chelating agents for ferric iron, produced by bacterial and fungal phytopathogens for scavenging iron from the environment.

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Rhodovulum

In taxonomy, Rhodovulum is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Rhodovulum sulfidophilum

Rhodovulum sulfidophilum is a purple bacteria.

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Rhomboid protease

The rhomboid proteases are a family of enzymes that exist in almost all species.

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Riboflavin

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.

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Ribonuclease E

Ribonuclease E (endoribonuclease E, RNase E, Rne protein) is an enzyme.

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Ribonuclease H

Ribonuclease H (abbreviated RNase H or RNH) is a family of non-sequence-specific endonuclease enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of RNA in an RNA/DNA substrate via a hydrolytic mechanism.

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Ribonuclease III

Ribonuclease III (RNase III or RNase C)(BRENDA) is a type of ribonuclease that recognizes dsRNA and cleaves it at specific targeted locations to transform them into mature RNAs.

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Ribonuclease P

Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a type of ribonuclease which cleaves RNA.

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Ribonuclease T

Ribonuclease T (RNase T, exonuclease T, exo T) is a ribonuclease enzyme involved in the maturation of transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA in bacteria, as well as in DNA repair pathways.

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Ribonucleotide reductase

Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), also known as ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (rNDP), is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of deoxyribonucleotides from ribonucleotides.

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Ribosomal DNA

Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is a DNA sequence that codes for ribosomal RNA.

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Ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) is a method of microbial community analysis that provides a means of comparing differing environments or treatment impacts without the bias imposed by culture- dependent approaches.

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Ribosomal protein L10 leader

This family is a putative ribosomal protein leader autoregulatory structure found in B. subtilis and other low-GC Gram-positive bacteria.

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Ribosomal protein L13 leader

This family is a putative ribosomal protein leader autoregulatory structure found in B. subtilis and other low-GC Gram-positive bacteria.

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Ribosomal protein L19 leader

This family is a putative ribosomal protein leader autoregulatory structure found in B. subtilis and other low-GC Gram-positive bacteria.

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Ribosomal protein L20 leader

This family is a putative ribosomal protein leader autoregulatory structure found in B. subtilis and other low-GC Gram-positive bacteria.

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Ribosomal protein L21 leader

This family is a putative ribosomal protein leader autoregulatory structure found in B. subtilis and other low-GC Gram-positive bacteria.

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Ribosomal protein leader

A ribosomal protein leader is a mechanism used in cells to control the cellular concentration of a protein that forms a part of the ribosome, and to make sure that the concentration is neither too high nor too low.

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Ribosomal S15 leader

The E. coli ribosomal S15 leader is an RNA element that can form two alternative structures found in the ribosomal S15 protein.

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Ribosome

The ribosome is a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation).

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Ribosome Recycling Factor

Ribosome Recycling Factor (RRF) is a protein found in bacterial cells as well as eukaryotic organelles, specifically mitochondria and chloroplasts.

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Riboswitch

In molecular biology, a riboswitch is a regulatory segment of a messenger RNA molecule that binds a small molecule, resulting in a change in production of the proteins encoded by the mRNA.

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Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer

Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer FRS (27 March 1858 – 15 September 1945) was a German physician and bacteriologist.

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Richard Lounsbery Award

The Richard Lounsbery Award is given to American and French scientists, 45 years or younger, in recognition of "extraordinary scientific achievement in biology and medicine." The Award alternates between French and American scientists, and is awarded by the National Academy of Sciences and the French Academy of Sciences in alternating years to a scientist from the other country.

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Richard W. Traxler

Richard Warwick Traxler (1928–2010) was an American environmental microbiologist known for pioneering research in petroleum-degrading bacteria, methane-producing bacteria, and microbiological biotechnology.

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Richmond Park

Richmond Park, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, was created by Charles I in the 17th century as a deer park.

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Rickettsia

Rickettsia is a genus of nonmotile, Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, highly pleomorphic bacteria that can be present as cocci (0.1 μm in diameter), rods (1–4 μm long), or thread-like (10 μm long).

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Rickettsia africae

Rickettsia africae is a species of Rickettsia.

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Rickettsia akari

Rickettsia akari is a species of Rickettsia which causes rickettsialpox.

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Rickettsia asiatica

Rickettsia asiatica is a tick-borne pathogenic species borne by Ixodes ovatus.

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Rickettsia australis

Rickettsia australis is a bacterium that causes a medical condition called Queensland tick typhus.

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Rickettsia conorii

Rickettsia conorii is a Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium of the genus Rickettsia that causes human disease called Boutonneuse fever, Mediterranean spotted fever, Israeli tick typhus, Astrakhan spotted fever, Kenya tick typhus, Indian tick typhus, or other names that designate the locality of occurrence while having distinct clinical features.

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Rickettsia felis

Rickettsia felis is a species of bacterium, the pathogen that causes cat-flea typhus in humans.

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Rickettsia heilongjiangensis

Rickettsia heilongjiangensis is a species of gram negative Alphaproteobacteria, within the spotted fever group, being carried by ticks.

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Rickettsia helvetica

Rickettsia helvetica, previously known as the Swiss Agent, is a bacterium found in Dermacentor reticulatus and other ticks which has been implicated as a suspected but unconfirmed human pathogen.

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Rickettsia honei

Rickettsia honei is a species of Rickettsia.

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Rickettsia massiliae

Rickettsia massiliae is a tick-borne pathogenic spotted fever group Rickettsia species.

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Rickettsia monacensis

Rickettsia monacensis is a tick-borne (Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes nipponensis) spotted fever group Rickettsia species.

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Rickettsia peacockii

Rickettsia peacockii is a species of gram negative Alphaproteobacteria of the spotted fever group, identified from Rocky Mountain wood ticks (Dermacentor andersoni).

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Rickettsia prowazekii

Rickettsia prowazekii is a species of gram-negative, alphaproteobacteria, obligate intracellular parasitic, aerobic Bacillus bacteria that is the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus, transmitted in the feces of lice.

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Rickettsia raoultii

Rickettsia raoultii is a tick-borne pathogenic spotted fever group Rickettsia species borne by Dermacentor ticks.

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Rickettsia rickettsii

Rickettsia rickettsii (abbreviated as R. rickettsii) is a gram-negative, intracellular, coccobacillus bacterium that is around 0.8 to 2.0 micrometers long.

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Rickettsia sibirica

Rickettsia sibirica is a species of Rickettsia.

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Rickettsia typhi

Rickettsia typhi is a species of the genus Rickettsia; it is the causative agent of Murine typhus.

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Rickettsiaceae

The Rickettsiaceae are a family of bacteria.

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Rickettsiales

The Rickettsiales, also called rickettsias, are an order of small Alphaproteobacteria that are endosymbionts of eukaryotic cells.

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Rickettsiella

Rickettsiella is a genus of the family Coxiellaceae.

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Riddelliine

Riddelliine (not to be confused with Ritalin) is a chemical compound classified as a pyrrolizidine alkaloid.

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Riemerella anatipestifer

Riemerella anatipestifer is a member of the Flavobacteriaceae family.

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Riems

Riems is an island in the southwestern part of the Bay of Greifswald, a broad, shallow embayment of the Baltic Sea between the German mainland and the island of Rügen.

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Riftia pachyptila

Riftia pachyptila, commonly known as giant tube worms, are marine invertebrates in the phylum Annelida (formerly grouped in phylum Pogonophora and Vestimentifera) related to tube worms commonly found in the intertidal and pelagic zones.

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Rigifilida

Rigifilida is a group of non-ciliate phagotrophic eukaryotes.

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Rikenellaceae

The family Rikenellaceae is composed of three genera of bacteria.

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Rio Tinto (river)

The Río Tinto (red river) is a river in southwestern Spain that rises in the Sierra Morena mountains of Andalusia.

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Risk of infection

Risk of infection is a nursing diagnosis which is defined as "the state in which an individual is at risk to be invaded by an opportunistic or pathogenic agent (virus, fungus, bacteria, protozoa, or other parasite) from endogenous or exogenous sources" and was approved by NANDA in 1986.

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River ecosystem

The ecosystem of a river is the river viewed as a system operating in its natural environment, and includes biotic (living) interactions amongst plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions.

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Riverine rabbit

The riverine rabbit (Bunolagus monticularis), also known as the bushman rabbit or bushman hare, is one of the most endangered mammals in the world, with only around 500 living adults, and 1500 overall.

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Rivularia

Rivularia is a genus of cyanobacteria of the family Rivulariaceae.

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Rivulariaceae

The Rivulariaceae are a family of cyanobacteria within the Nostocales in which the filaments (trichomes) are tapered from wider at the base to narrower at the tip.

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Rma A small RNA

In molecular biology the regulator of motility and amylovoran A (RmaA) gene is a bacterial non-coding RNA.

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RMF RNA motif

The rmf RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was originally detected using bioinformatics.

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RNA

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.

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RNA interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules.

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RNA polymerase

RNA polymerase (ribonucleic acid polymerase), both abbreviated RNAP or RNApol, official name DNA-directed RNA polymerase, is a member of a family of enzymes that are essential to life: they are found in all organisms (-species) and many viruses.

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RNA polymerase II holoenzyme

RNA polymerase II holoenzyme is a form of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II that is recruited to the promoters of protein-coding genes in living cells.

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RNA virus

An RNA virus is a virus that has RNA (ribonucleic acid) as its genetic material.

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RNA world

The RNA world is a hypothetical stage in the evolutionary history of life on Earth, in which self-replicating RNA molecules proliferated before the evolution of DNA and proteins.

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RNA-OUT

RNA-OUT is a non-coding RNA that is antisense to the RNA-IN non-coding RNA.

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RnaG

RnaG is a small regulatory non-coding RNA encoded by the virulence plasmid of Shigella flexneri, a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that causes human bacillary dysentery.

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RNAI

RNAI is a non-coding RNA that is an antisense repressor of the replication of some E. coli plasmids, including ColE1.

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RNAIII

RNAIII is a small RNA which is known to regulate the expression of many Staphylococcus aureus genes encoding exoproteins and cell wall associated proteins.

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RNAs present in environmental samples

A wide variety of non-coding RNAs have been identified in various species of organisms known to science.

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RNase E 5' UTR element

In molecular biology, the RNase E 5' UTR element is a cis-acting element located in the 5'UTR of ribonuclease (RNase) E messenger RNA (mRNA).

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RNase PH

RNase PH is a 3'-5' exoribonuclease and nucleotidyltransferase, present in archaea and bacteria, that is involved in tRNA processing.

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RncO

RncO is a bacterial non-coding RNA regulatory element found in the rnc leader sequence.

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Roaring Twenties

The Roaring Twenties was the period in Western society and Western culture that occurred during and around the 1920s.

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Robbsia andropogonis

Robbsia andropogonis is a soil bacterium that can cause leaf, bud, and stem spotting on carnation, although it is not a disease of great economical significance.

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Robert W. Wood

Robert Williams Wood (May 2, 1868 – August 11, 1955) was an American physicist and inventor.

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Robin Warren

John Robin Warren AC (born 11 June 1937 in Adelaide) is an Australian pathologist, Nobel Laureate and researcher who is credited with the 1979 re-discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, together with Barry Marshall.

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Robinia pseudoacacia

Robinia pseudoacacia, commonly known in its native territory as black locust, is a medium-sized deciduous tree native to the southeastern United States, but it has been widely planted and naturalized elsewhere in temperate North America, Europe, Southern Africa and Asia and is considered an invasive species in some areas.

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Rock Creek (Potomac River tributary)

Rock Creek is a free-flowing tributary of the Potomac River, which empties into the Atlantic Ocean via the Chesapeake Bay.

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Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), also known as blue disease, is the most lethal and most frequently reported rickettsial illness in the United States.

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Roger Stanier

Roger Yate Stanier (22 October 1916 – 29 January 1982) was a Canadian microbiologist who was influential in the development of modern microbiology.

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Roger Y. Tsien

Roger Yonchien Tsien (February 1, 1952 – August 24, 2016) was a Han Chinese/Taiwanese-American biochemist.

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Roland Piquepaille

Roland Piquepaille (18 October 1946 – 6 January 2009) was a technology writer, both for ZDNet and for his own blog, Roland Piquepaille's Technology Trends, and a former software engineer at Silicon Graphics and Cray Research.

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Roles of chemical elements

This table is designed to show the role(s) performed by each chemical element, in nature and in technology.

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Romania

Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.

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Romeriaceae

The Romeriaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Ron Najafi

Ramin (Ron) Najafi (رامین نجفی) is an Iranian-American businessman and the Founder and CEO of Emery Pharma.

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Ronald J. Grabe

Ronald John Grabe (born June 13, 1945 in New York, New York), (Col, USAF, Ret.), is a former NASA astronaut.

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Root

In vascular plants, the root is the organ of a plant that typically lies below the surface of the soil.

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Root microbiome

The root microbiome is the dynamic community of microorganisms associated with plant roots.

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Root mucilage

Root mucilage is made of plant-specific polysaccharides or long chains of sugar molecules.

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Root nodule

Root nodules occur on the roots of plants (primarily Fabaceae) that associate with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

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Ropar Wetland

Ropar Wetland, also named Ropar Lake, is a man-made freshwater riverine and lacustrine wetland.

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Roseateles

Roseateles is a genus of bacteria from the family Comamonadaceae.

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Roseateles aquatilis

Roseateles aquatilis is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium with a single polar flagellum from the genus Roseateles, which was isolated from industrial water and fresh water.

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Roseateles depolymerans

Roseateles depolymerans is an aerobic bacterium from the genus Roseateles, which was isolated from river water.

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Roseateles terrae

Roseateles terrae is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterium with a single polar flagelluma from the genus Roseateles, which was isolated from soil in Japan.

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Roseburia

A genus of butyrate-producing, Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria that inhabit the human colon.

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Roseburia faecis

Roseburia faecis is a bacterium first isolated from human faeces.

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Roseburia hominis

Roseburia hominis is a bacterium first isolated from human feces.

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Roseburia intestinalis

Roseburia intestinalis is a saccharolytic, butyrate-producing bacterium first isolated from human faeces.

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Roseburia inulinivorans

Roseburia inulinivorans is a bacterium first isolated from human faeces.

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Roseibacterium

In taxonomy, Roseibacterium is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Roseibium

In taxonomy, Roseibium is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Roseicyclus

In taxonomy, Roseicyclus is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Roseiflexus

Roseiflexus is a genus of bacteria in the family Roseiflexaceae with one known species (Roseiflexus castenholzii).

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Roseiflexus castenholzii

Roseiflexus castenholzii is a thermophilic, filamentous, photosynthetic bacterium that lacks chlorosomes.

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Roseinatronobacter

In taxonomy, Roseinatronobacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Roseisalinus

In taxonomy, Roseisalinus is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Roseivirga

Roseivirga is a strictly aerobic genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae.

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Roseivirga echinicomitans

Roseivirga echinicomitans is a Gram-negative, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Roseivirga which has been isolat from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius.

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Roseivirga ehrenbergii

Roseivirga ehrenbergii is a Gram-negative, heterotrophic, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Roseivirga which has been isolated from the green alga Ulva fenestrata from the Sea of Japan.

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Roseivirga marina

Roseivirga marina is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Roseivirga which has been isolated from seawater from the East Sea in Korea.

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Roseivirga maritima

Roseivirga maritima is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Roseivirga which has been isolated from seawater in Korea.

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Roseivirga spongicola

Roseivirga spongicola is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and chemoorganotrophic bacterium from the genus of Roseivirga which has been isolated from a marine sponge on the Bahamas.

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Roseivivax

In taxonomy, Roseivivax is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Roseivivax halodurans

Roseivivax halodurans is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus.

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Roseivivax halotolerans

Roseivivax halotolerans is a species of bacteria.

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Roseobacter

In taxonomy, Roseobacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Roseobacter denitrificans

Roseobacter denitrificans is a species of aerobic pink-pigmented bacteria.

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Roseobacter litoralis

Roseobacter litoralis is a species of aerobic pink-pigmented bacteria.

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Roseococcus thiosulfatophilus

Roseococcus thiosulfatophilus is a species of bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Roseospirillum

Roseospirillum is a genus of bacteria from the family of Rhodobiaceae.

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Roseospirillum parvum

Roseospirillum parvum is a phototrophic, nonsulfur, anaerobic and motile bacterium species from the genus of Roseospirillum with a bipolar flagella which has been isolated from the Sippewissett Salt Marsh in Cape Cod in Massachusetts in the United States.

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Roseovarius

In taxonomy, Roseovarius is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Roseovarius litoreus

Roseovarius litoreus is a species of bacteria.

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Roseovarius nubinhibens

Roseovarius nubinhibens is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic dimethylsulfoniopropionate-demethylating bacteria.

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Roseovarius tolerans

Roseovarius tolerans is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus.

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Rotaviral gastroenteritis

Rotavirus enteritis is the most common cause of severe diarrhoea among infants and young children.

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Rotavirus

Rotavirus is the most common cause of diarrhoeal disease among infants and young children.

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Rothia (bacteria)

Rothia is a Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Micrococcaceae.

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Rothia aeria

Rothia aeria is a Gram-positive bacterium, with type strain A1-17B(T) (.

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Rothia dentocariosa

Rothia dentocariosa (previously known as Stomatococcus mucilaginosus) is a species of Gram-positive, round- to rod-shaped bacteria that is part of the normal community of microbes residing in the mouth and respiratory tract.

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Rouxiella chamberiensis

Rouxiella chamberiensis is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, and is the only member of the genus Rouxiella described so far.

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Roxithromycin

Roxithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic.

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RpoS

The gene rpoS (RNA polymerase, sigma S) encodes the sigma factor sigma-38 (σ38, or RpoS), a 37.8 kD protein in Escherichia coli.

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RprA RNA

The RprA RNA gene encodes a 106 nucleotide regulatory non-coding RNA.

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RRNA endonuclease

rRNA endonuclease (alpha-sarcin) is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester linkage between guanosine and adenosine residues at one specific position in the 28S rRNA of rat ribosomes.

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RsmX

The rsmX gene is part of the Rsm/Csr family of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).

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RsmY RNA family

The rsmY RNA family is a set of related non-coding RNA genes, that like RsmZ, is regulated by the GacS/GacA signal transduction system in the plant-beneficial soil bacterium and biocontrol model organism Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0.

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RtT RNA

The RtT RNA (repeat structure of the tyrT operon) is a RNA element that is released from the tyrT operon of Escherichia coli.

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Ruaniaceae

Ruaniaceae is an Actinomycete family with two monotypic genera.

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RuBisCO

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, commonly known by the abbreviations RuBisCO, RuBPCase, or RuBPco, is an enzyme involved in the first major step of carbon fixation, a process by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted by plants and other photosynthetic organisms to energy-rich molecules such as glucose.

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Rubredoxin

Rubredoxins are a class of low-molecular-weight iron-containing proteins found in sulfur-metabolizing bacteria and archaea.

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Rubrimonas

In taxonomy, Rubrimonas is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Rubrobacter

Rubrobacter is a genus of Actinobacteria, given its own subclass (Rubrobacteridae).

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Rubrobacter xylanophilus

Rubrobacter xylanophilus is a thermophilic species of bacteria.

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Rubrobacteria

Rubrobacteria is one of five classes of Actinobacteria that contain one order, one family, one genus, and seven species.

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Ruegeria

In taxonomy, Ruegeria is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Rufus Cole

Rufus Cole (April 30, 1872 – April 20, 1966) was an American medical doctor and the first director of the Rockefeller University Hospital.

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RUFY2

RUN and FYVE domain containing 2 (RUFY2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RUFY2 gene.

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Rumen

The rumen, also known as a paunch, forms the larger part of the reticulorumen, which is the first chamber in the alimentary canal of ruminant animals.

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Ruminant

Ruminants are mammals that are able to acquire nutrients from plant-based food by fermenting it in a specialized stomach prior to digestion, principally through microbial actions.

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Ruminococcus

Ruminococcus is a genus of bacteria in the class Clostridia.

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Runting-stunting syndrome in broilers

Runting-stunting syndrome in broilers is a syndrome described in broilers since the 1940s, but often with specific etiological appellations (viral enteritis, malabsorption syndrome, brittle bone disease, infectious proventriculitis, helicopter disease and pale bird syndrome).

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Rupert Blue

Rupert Blue (30 May 1868 – 12 April 1948) was an American physician and soldier.

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Rusticle

A rusticle is a formation of rust similar to an icicle or stalactite in appearance that occurs underwater when wrought iron oxidizes.

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Rutger Beke

Rutger Beke (pronounced "bay-kuh") (Halle, 8 August 1977) is a retired Belgian triathlete living in Leuven.

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Ruth Hall (scientist)

Ruth Milne Hall, OAM, FAA, FAAM (born 6 August 1945) is an Australian microbiologist whose research on mobile genetic elements in bacteria has identified the mechanism for spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

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Rutherford Aris bibliography

This bibliography of Rutherford Aris contains a comprehensive listing of the scientific publications of Aris, including books, journal articles, and contributions to other published material.

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RybB RNA

RybB is a small non-coding RNA was identified in a large scale screen of Escherichia coli.

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RydB RNA

The RydB RNA is a non-coding RNA originally identified in E. coli in an RNA screen.

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RydC RNA

RydC is a bacterial non-coding RNA.

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RyeB RNA

The SdsR/RyeB RNA is a non-coding RNA that was identified in a large scale screen of E. coli.

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RyeE RNA

The CyaR RNA (formerly known as RyeE RNA) non-coding RNA was identified in a large scale screen of Escherichia coli and was called candidate 14.

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RyfA RNA

The ryfA RNA gene is a non-coding RNA present in E. coli, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella species where it is found between the ydaN and dbpA genes.

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S-element

The S-element is an RNA element found in p42d and related plasmids.

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S-layer

An S-layer (surface layer) is a part of the cell envelope found in almost all archaea, as well as in many types of bacteria.

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S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase

In enzymology, a S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, S-(5-deoxy-D-ribos-5-yl)-L-homocysteine, and two products, L-homocysteine and (4S)-4,5-dihydroxypentan-2,3-dione.

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S4 protein domain

In molecular biology, S4 domain refers to a small RNA-binding protein domain found in a ribosomal protein named S4.

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Sabella spallanzanii

Sabella spallanzanii is a species of marine polychaete worms in the family Sabellidae.

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Saccharibacter

Saccharibacter is a bacterial genus from the family of Acetobacteraceae.

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Saccharibacter floricola

Saccharibacter floricola is an osmophilic acetic acid bacterium first isolated from pollen.

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Saccharide transporter

The bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a multi-protein system involved in the regulation of a variety of metabolic and transcriptional processes.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a species of yeast.

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Saccharophagus degradans

Saccharophagus degradans (formerly Microbulbifer degradans) is a gram-negative, marine bacterium shown to degrade a number of complex polysaccharides as energy source.

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Saccharopolyspora

Saccharopolyspora is a genus of bacteria within the family Pseudonocardiaceae.

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Saccharopolyspora erythraea

Saccharopolyspora erythraea, formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus, is a species of actinomycete bacteria within the genus Saccharopolyspora.

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Saccharopolyspora hirsuta

Saccharopolyspora hirsuta is a nocardioform actinomycete.

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Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula

Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula is a species of bacteria. It is a Gram-positive rod. It was formerly known as Micropolyspora faeni. Inhalation of the bacteria can cause the disease farmer's lung, a type of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Handling hay bales increases exposure to the bacteria and increases the risk of developing the disease.

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Saccharopolyspora spinosa

Saccharopolyspora spinosa is a species of bacteria first isolated from a sugar mill rum still.

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SacI

SacI is a restriction enzyme isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces achromogenes.

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Saf pilin N-terminal extension

In molecular biology, the protein domain, Saf pilin N-terminal extension refers to a domain only found in bacteria, more specifically, in gram-negative bacteria.

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Safe sex

Safe sex is sexual activity engaged in by people who have taken precautions to protect themselves against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV.

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Sagittula

In taxonomy, Sagittula is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Sagittula stellata

Sagittula stellata is a lignin-transforming bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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SAH riboswitch

SAH riboswitches are a kind of riboswitch that bind S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH).

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Saiga antelope

The saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) is a critically endangered antelope that originally inhabited a vast area of the Eurasian steppe zone from the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains and Caucasus into Dzungaria and Mongolia.

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Salami

Salami (singular salame) is a type of cured sausage consisting of fermented and air-dried meat, typically beef or pork.

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Salicylate sensitivity

Salicylate sensitivity, also known as salicylate intolerance, is any adverse effect that occurs when a usual amount of salicylate is ingested.

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Salicylhydroxamic acid

Salicylhydroxamic acid (SHA or SHAM) is a drug that is a potent and irreversible inhibitor of bacterial and plant urease usually used for urinary tract infections.

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Salinarimonas

Salinarimonas is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bradyrhizobiaceae.

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Salinarimonas ramus

Salinarimonas ramus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum of the genus Salinarimonas, isolated from crude oil-contaminated saline soil of the Shengli Oilfield in China.

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Salinarimonas rosea

Salinarimonas rosea is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive rod-shaped, halotolerant, motile bacteria from the genus of Salinarimonas which was isolated from sediment of a salt mine in Yunnan in the south-west of China.

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Salinibacter ruber

Salinibacter ruber is an extremely halophilic red bacterium that was found in saltern crystallizer ponds in Alicante and Mallorca, Spain in 2002 by Antón et al..

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Salinibacterium

Salinibacterium is a Gram-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Microbacteriaceae.

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Salinibacterium amurskyense

Salinibacterium amurskyense is a Gram-positive, non-motile, aerobic, non-spore-forming, irregular, rod-shaped actinobacteria, the type species of its genus.

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Salinicoccus

Salinococcus is a genus of Gram-positive cocci belonging to the family Staphylococcaceae.

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Salinicoccus jeotgali

Salinicoccus jeotgali is a bacterium, first isolated from jeotgal, hence its name.

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Salinicola salarius

Salinicola salarius is a Gram-negative, moderately halophilic, piezophilic proteobacterium that requires pressures of 102 MPa to grow.

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Salinispora

Salinispora is genus of bacteria which belong to family of Micromonosporaceae.

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Salinispora arenicola

Salinispora arenicola is an obligate marine actinomycetes bacterium species.

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Salinispora pacifica

Salinispora pacifica is an obligate marine actinomycetes bacterium species in the genus Salinispora.

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Salinispora tropica

Salinispora tropica is an obligate marine actinomycetes bacterium species.

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Salipiger

In taxonomy, Salipiger is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Salivary gland pathology

Salivary gland diseases (SGD) are multiple and varied in cause.

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Salix alba

Salix alba, the white willow, is a species of willow native to Europe and western and central Asia.

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Salmonella

Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped (bacillus) Gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Salmonella bongori

Salmonella bongori is a pathogenic bacterium belonging to the genus Salmonella, and was earlier known as Salmonella subspecies V or S. enterica subsp. bongori or S. choleraesuis subsp.

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Salmonella enterica

Salmonella enterica (formerly Salmonella choleraesuis) is a rod-shaped, flagellate, facultative anaerobic, gram-negative bacterium and a species of the genus Salmonella.

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Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica

Salmonella enterica subsp.

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Salmonella Fels-2

Salmonella Fels-2 is a virus of the family Myoviridae, genus P2likevirus.

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Salmonella SopEphi

Salmonella SopEphi is a virus of the family Myoviridae, genus P2likevirus.

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Salmonellosis

Salmonellosis is a symptomatic infection caused by bacteria of the Salmonella type.

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Salsa (sauce)

Salsa is any one of several sauces typical of Mexican cuisine, also known as salsa fresca, hot salsa or salsa picante, particularly those used as dips.

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Salt evaporation pond

San Francisco Bay salt ponds salar'' is rich in lithium, and the mine concentrates the brine in the ponds Contemporary solar evaporation salt pans on the island of Lanzarote at Salinas de Janubio Solar evaporation ponds in the Atacama Desert Solar evaporation ponds in the Salt Valley of Añana, Spain Solar evaporation ponds in the Salt Valley of Añana, Spain A salt evaporation pond is a shallow artificial salt pan designed to extract salts from sea water or other brines.

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Salt-cured meat

Salt-cured meat or salted meat is meat or fish preserved or cured with salt.

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Saltation (biology)

In biology, saltation (from Latin, saltus, "leap") is a sudden and large mutational change from one generation to the next, potentially causing single-step speciation.

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Salted fish

Salted fish, such as kippered herring or dried and salted cod, is fish cured with dry salt and thus preserved for later eating.

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Salting (food)

Salting is the preservation of food with dry edible salt.

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Salvador Luria

Salvador Edward Luria (August 13, 1912 – February 6, 1991) was an Italian microbiologist, later a naturalized U.S. citizen.

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SAM riboswitch (S box leader)

The SAM riboswitch (also known as the S-box leader and now also called the SAM-I riboswitch) is found upstream of a number of genes which code for proteins involved in methionine or cysteine biosynthesis in Gram-positive bacteria.

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SAM-Chlorobi RNA motif

The SAM-Chlorobi RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure that was identified by bioinformatics.

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SAM-II riboswitch

The SAM-II riboswitch is a RNA element found predominantly in alpha-proteobacteria that binds S-adenosyl methionine (SAM).

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SAM-IV riboswitch

SAM-IV riboswitches are a kind of riboswitch that specifically binds S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a cofactor used in many methylation reactions.

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SAM-SAH riboswitch

The SAM-SAH riboswitch is a conserved RNA structure in certain bacteria that binds ''S''-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and ''S''-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and is therefore presumed to be a riboswitch.

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Sambhar Salt Lake

The Sambhar Salt Lake, India's largest inland salt lake, is located 96 km southwest of the city of Jaipur (Northwest India) and 64 km northeast of Ajmer along National Highway 8 in Rajasthan.

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Samsonia

Samsonia is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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San Lorenzo River

The San Lorenzo River is a long river whose headwaters originate in Castle Rock State Park in the Santa Cruz Mountains and flow south by southeast through the San Lorenzo Valley before passing through Santa Cruz and emptying into Monterey Bay and the Pacific Ocean.

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Sand filter

Sand filters are used as a step in the water treatment process of water purification.

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Sanguibacteraceae

Sanguibacteraceae is a monotypic Actinomycete family.

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Sanitation

Sanitation refers to public health conditions related to clean drinking water and adequate treatment and disposal of human excreta and sewage.

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Santa Clara River (California)

The Santa Clara River is long,U.S. Geological Survey.

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Santa Rosa Creek

Santa Rosa Creek is a 22-mile-long (35 km) stream in Sonoma County, California which rises on Hood Mountain and discharges to the Laguna de Santa Rosa by way of the Santa Rosa Flood Control Channel.

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Saprolegnia

Saprolegnia is a genus of water moulds often called cotton moulds because of the characteristic white or grey fibrous patches they form.

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Saprospiraceae

The family Saprospiraceae is composed of three genera of environmental bacteria.

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Saprotrophic nutrition

Saprotrophic nutrition or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter.

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Sar RNA

Sar RNA is an antisense non-coding RNA that is partly responsible for the negative regulation of antirepressor synthesis during development of bacteriophage P22.

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Sarcina (genus)

Sarcina is a genus of Gram-positive cocci bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae.

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Sarcophaga

Sarcophaga is a genus of true flies and the type genus of the flesh-fly family (Sarcophagidae).

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Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis

Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis, also known as the red-tailed flesh fly, is a fly in the Sarcophagidae family.

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Sarracenia

Sarracenia is a genus comprising 8 to 11 species of North American pitcher plants, commonly called trumpet pitchers.

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Sasthamcotta Lake

Sasthamcotta Lake or Sasthamkotta Lake, also categorized as a wetland, is the largest fresh water lake in Kerala, a state of India on the south of the West Coast.

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Saucisson

Saucisson, or "saucisson sec," is a variety of thick, dry cured sausage that originates in France.

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Saul Roseman

Saul Roseman (born 9 March 1921 in Brooklyn, New York City; died 2 July 2011) was an American biochemist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland.

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Sawdust

Sawdust or wood dust is a by-product or waste product of woodworking operations such as sawing, milling, planing, routing, drilling and sanding.

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Sıraç Dilber

Sıraç Dilber is a Turkish scientist.

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SbcD RNA motif

The sbcD RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure identified using bioinformatics.

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Scalded milk

Scalded milk is milk that has been heated to.

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Scalding

Scalding (from the Latin word calidus, meaning hot) is a form of thermal burn resulted from heated fluids such as boiling water or steam.

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Scalindua

"Candidatus Scalindua" is a bacterial genus, and a proposed member of the order Planctomycetes.

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Scalindua brodae

"Candidatus Scalindua brodae" is a bacterial member of the order Planctomycetes and therefore lacks peptidoglycan in its cell wall, has a compartmentalized cytoplasm.

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Scalindua wagneri

Candidatus Scalindua wagneri is a Gram-negative coccoid-shaped bacterium that was first isolated from a wastewater treatment plant.

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Scallop aquaculture

Scallop aquaculture is the commercial activity of cultivating (farming) scallops until they reach a marketable size and can be sold as a consumer product.

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Scapteriscus

Scapteriscus is a genus of insects in the family Gryllotalpidae, the mole crickets.

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SCCmec

SCCmec, or staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, is a mobile genetic element of Staphylococcus bacterial species.

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Sceptrin

Sceptrin is a bioactive marine isolate.

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Schering-Plough

Schering-Plough Corporation was a United States-based pharmaceutical company.

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Schizophyte

Schizophyte was a botanical classification proposed by Ferdinand Cohn to describe the class of primitive "plants" that reproduce solely by fission.

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Schizotrichaceae

The Schizotrichaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Schmutzdecke

Schmutzdecke (German, “dirt cover” or dirty skin, sometimes wrongly spelled schmutzedecke) is a hypogeal biological layer formed on the surface of a slow sand filter.

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Scientific collection

As a scientific collection is referred to.

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Scientific formalism

Scientific formalism is a broad term for a family of approaches to the presentation of science.

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SCOBY

A SCOBY (for symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast) is a syntrophic mixed culture, generally associated with kombucha production wherein anaerobic ethanol fermentation (by yeast), anaerobic organic acid fermentation (by bacteria), and aerobic ethanol oxidation to acetate (by bacteria) all take place concurrently along an oxygen gradient.

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Scombroid food poisoning

Scombroid food poisoning, also known as simple scombroid, is a foodborne illness that typically results from eating spoiled fish.

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Scotochromogenic

Scotochromogenic bacteria develop pigment in the dark.

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Scytonema

Scytonema is a genus of photosynthetic cyanobacteria that contains over 100 species.

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Scytonema varium

Scytonema varium is a cultured cyanobacterium of the genus Scytonema.

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Scytonemataceae

The Scytonemataceae are a family of filamentous, heterocystous cyanobacteria within the order Nostocales.

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Sda protein domain

In molecular biology, the protein domain Sda is short for suppressor of dnaA or otherwise known as sporulation inhibitor A. It is found only in bacteria.

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Sea surface microlayer

The sea surface microlayer (SML) is the top 1000 micrometers (or 1 millimeter) of the ocean surface.

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Seabed

The seabed (also known as the seafloor, sea floor, or ocean floor) is the bottom of the ocean.

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Seal finger

Seal finger, also known as sealer's finger and spekk-finger (from the Norwegian for "blubber"), is an infection that afflicts the fingers of sealers and other people who handle pinnipeds, as a result of bites or contact with exposed seal bones; it has also been contracted by exposure to untreated seal pelts.

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SecA

The SecA protein is a cell membrane associated subunit of the eubacterial Sec or Type II secretory pathway, a system which is responsible for the secretion of proteins through the cell membrane.

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SecDF protein-export membrane protein

SecD and SecF are prokaryotic protein export membrane proteins.

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SECIS element

In biology, the SECIS element (SECIS: selenocysteine insertion sequence) is an RNA element around 60 nucleotides in length that adopts a stem-loop structure.

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Secondary treatment

Secondary treatment is a treatment process for wastewater (or sewage) to achieve a certain degree of effluent quality by using a sewage treatment plant with physical phase separation to remove settleable solids and a biological process to remove dissolved and suspended organic compounds.

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Secretion

Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, e.g. secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland.

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Sedimentary rock

Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water.

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Sedimentation coefficient

The sedimentation coefficient s of a particle is used to characterize its behaviour in sedimentation processes, notably centrifugation.

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Sediminitomix

Sediminitomix is a genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae with one known species (Sediminitomix flava).

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Sediminitomix flava

Sediminitomix flava is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Sediminitomix which has been isolated from marine sediments from the Okinawa Island on Japan.

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Segrosome

Segrosomes are protein complexes that ensure accurate segregation (partitioning) of plasmids or chromosomes during bacterial cell division.

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Seinonella

Seinonella is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.

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Seinonella peptonophila

Seinonella peptonophila is a bacterium from the genus of Seinonella which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Selectable marker

A selectable marker is a gene introduced into a cell, especially a bacterium or to cells in culture, that confers a trait suitable for artificial selection.

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Selenium

Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34.

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Selenocysteine

Selenocysteine (symbol Sec or U, in older publications also as Se-Cys) is the 21st proteinogenic amino acid.

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Selenomonad

The genus Selenomonas constitutes a group of motile crescent-shaped bacteria within the Veillonellaceae family and includes species living in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals, in particular the ruminants.

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Selenomonadales

The Selenomonadales are an order of bacteria within the class Negativicutes; unlike most other members of Firmicutes, they are Gram-negative.

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Selenomonas lacticifex

Selenomonas lacticifex is a species of anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria first isolated from spoilt beer.

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Selenomonas ruminantium

Selenomonas ruminantium is a species of Selenomonas bacteria which are closely associated with ruminants, aiding in digestion of their food.

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Selenoprotein

In molecular biology a selenoprotein is any protein that includes a selenocysteine (Sec, U, Se-Cys) amino acid residue.

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Seliberia

Seliberia is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria.

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Seliberia stellata

Seliberia stellata is a oligotrophic bacterium from the genus of Seliberia with a flagellum which was isolated from humus-illuvial pozol soil from Karelian Isthmus in Russia.

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Semen extender

Semen extender is a liquid diluent which is added to semen to preserve its fertilizing ability.

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Semi-log plot

In science and engineering, a semi-log graph or semi-log plot is a way of visualizing data that are related according to an exponential relationship.

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Semisynthesis

Semisynthesis or partial chemical synthesis is a type of chemical synthesis that uses chemical compounds isolated from natural sources (e.g., microbial cell cultures or plant material) as the starting materials to produce other novel compounds with distinct chemical and medicinal properties.

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Senecio vulgaris

Senecio vulgaris, often known by the common names groundsel and old-man-in-the-Spring, is a flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae.

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Sepsis

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.

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September 28

No description.

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Septic arthritis

Septic arthritis, also known as joint infection or infectious arthritis, is the invasion of a joint by an infectious agent resulting in joint inflammation.

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Septic drain field

Septic drain fields, also called leach fields or leach drains, are subsurface wastewater disposal facilities used to remove contaminants and impurities from the liquid that emerges after anaerobic digestion in a septic tank.

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Septic embolism

A septic embolism is a type of embolism that is infected with bacteria, resulting in the formation of pus.

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Septic shock

Septic shock is a serious medical condition that occurs when sepsis, which is organ injury or damage in response to infection, leads to dangerously low blood pressure and abnormalities in cellular metabolism.

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Septicemic plague

Septicemic plague is one of the three main forms of plague.

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Septin

Septins are a group of GTP-binding proteins found primarily in eukaryotic cells of fungi and animals, but also in some green algae.

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SeqA protein domain

In molecular biology the protein domain SeqA is one found in bacteria and archaea.

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Sequence assembly

In bioinformatics, sequence assembly refers to aligning and merging fragments from a longer DNA sequence in order to reconstruct the original sequence.

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SerC leader

SerC leader is a putative regulatory RNA structure found upstream of the serC-serA operon in some alpha-proteobacteria.

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Serer creation myth

The Serer creation myth is the traditional creation myth of the Serer people of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania.

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Serial passage

Serial passage refers to the process of growing bacteria or a virus in iterations.

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Serine O-acetyltransferase

In enzymology, a serine O-acetyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and L-serine, whereas its two products are CoA and O-acetyl-L-serine.

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Serotype

A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals.

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Serpentinite

Serpentinite is a rock composed of one or more serpentine group minerals, the name originating from the similarity of the texture of the rock to that of the skin of a snake.

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Serpin

Serpins are a superfamily of proteins with similar structures that were first identified for their protease inhibition activity and are found in all kingdoms of life.

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Serpulina alvinipulli

Serpulina alvinipulli is a bacterium that is enteropathogenic for chickens.

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Serpulina hyodysenteriae

Serpulina hyodysenteriae, formerly known as Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Treponema hyodysenteriae, is a species of bacteria.

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Serpulina innocens

Serpulina innocens, formerly known as Serpula innocens (this is a fungal genus) and formerly as Treponema innocens is a species of bacteria.

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Serratia

Serratia is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family.

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Serratia aquatilis

Serratia aquatilis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Serratia which has been isolated from drinking water systems.

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Serratia entomophila

Serratia entomophila is a species of bacteria that like its cogenerate species uses itaconate.

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Serratia marcescens

Serratia marcescens is a species of rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Serratia proteamaculans

Serratia proteamaculans is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Serratia symbiotica

Serratia symbiotica is a species of bacteria that lives as a symbiont of aphids.

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Sertraline

Sertraline, sold under the trade names Zoloft among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.

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Setralit

Setralit is a technical natural fiber based on plant fibers whose property profile has been modified selectively in order to meet different industrial requirements.

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Severe weather

Severe weather refers to any dangerous meteorological phenomena with the potential to cause damage, serious social disruption, or loss of human life.

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Sewage

Sewage (or domestic wastewater or municipal wastewater) is a type of wastewater that is produced from a community of people.

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Sewage treatment

Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, primarily from household sewage.

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Sex ratio

The sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population.

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Sexual intercourse

Sexual intercourse (or coitus or copulation) is principally the insertion and thrusting of the penis, usually when erect, into the vagina for sexual pleasure, reproduction, or both.

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Sexually transmitted infection

Sexually transmitted infections (STI), also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STD) or venereal diseases (VD), are infections that are commonly spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex and oral sex.

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SgrS RNA

SgrS (sugar transport-related sRNA, previously named ryaA) is a 227 nucleotide small RNA that is activated by SgrR in Escherichia coli during glucose-phosphate stress.

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Shelf life

Shelf life is the length of time that a commodity may be stored without becoming unfit for use, consumption, or sale.

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Shelf-stable food

Shelf-stable food (sometimes ambient food) is food of a type that can be safely stored at room temperature in a sealed container.

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Shewanella

Shewanella is the sole genus included in the marine bacteria family Shewanellaceae.

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Shewanella algae

Shewanella algae is a rod-shaped Gram-negative marine bacterium.

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Shewanella baltica

Shewanella baltica DSS12 (S. violacea) is a gram-negative bacterium.

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Shewanella decolorationis

Shewanella decolorationis is a gram-negative, dye-decolorizing bacterium first isolated from activated sludge of a waste-water treatment plant.

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Shewanella frigidimarina

Shewanella frigidimarina is a species of bacteria, notable for being an Antarctic species with the ability to produce eicosapentaenoic acid.

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Shewanella gelidimarina

Shewanella gelidimarina is a species of bacteria, notable for being an Antarctic species with the ability to produce eicosapentaenoic acid.

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Shewanella haliotis

Shewanella haliotis, a species of rod-shaped, Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria, was first isolated from the gut microflora of abalones (large edible sea snails) collected from the ocean near Yeosu, South Korea, by Kim et al. in 2007.

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Shewanella livingstonensis

Shewanella livingstonensis is a species of bacteria.

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Shewanella oneidensis

Shewanella oneidensis is a bacterium notable for its ability to reduce metal ions and live in environments with or without oxygen.

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Shewanella putrefaciens

Shewanella putrefaciens is a Gram-negative pleomorphic bacterium.

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Shewanella sediminis

Shewanella sediminis is a hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine-degrading bacterium from marine sediment.

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Shewanella violacea

Shewanella violacea DSS12 (S. violacea) is a gram-negative bacterium located in marine sediment in the Ryukyu Trench at a depth of 5,110m.

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Shewanella woodyi

Shewanella woodyi is an exclusively respiratory luminous bacterium.

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Shiga-like toxin

Shiga-like toxin, also known as verotoxin and verocytotoxin, is a toxin generated by some strains of Escherichia coli (but see below).

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Shigella

Shigella is a genus of gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, nonspore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria genetically closely related to E. coli.

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Shigella boydii

Shigella boydii is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Shigella.

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Shigella dysenteriae

Shigella dysenteriae is a species of the rod-shaped bacterial genus Shigella.

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Shigella flexneri

Shigella flexneri is a species of Gram-negative bacteria in the genus Shigella that can cause diarrhea in humans.

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Shigella sonnei

Shigella sonnei is a species of Shigella.

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Shikimate pathway

The shikimate pathway (shikimic acid pathway) is a seven step metabolic route used by bacteria, fungi, algae, some protozoan parasites and plants for the biosynthesis of folates and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan).

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Shikimic acid

Shikimic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is a cyclohexene, a cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid.

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Shimazuella

Shimazuella is a Gram-positive, aerobic and mesophilic bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.

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Shimazuella kribbensis

Shimazuella kribbensis is a mesophilic bacterium from the genus of Shimazuella which has been isolated from forest soil from the Sobaek Mountains in Korea.

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Shimwellia

Shimwellia is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family.

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Shine-Dalgarno sequence

The Shine-Dalgarno (SD) Sequence is a ribosomal binding site in bacterial and archaeal messenger RNA, generally located around 8 bases upstream of the start codon AUG.

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Shipwreck

A shipwreck is the remains of a ship that has wrecked, which are found either beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water.

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Shock chlorination

Shock chlorination is a process used in many swimming pools, water wells, springs, and other water sources to reduce the bacterial and algal residue in the water.

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Shopping cart

A shopping cart (American English) or trolley (British English), also known by a variety of other names, is a cart supplied by a shop, especially supermarkets, for use by customers inside the shop for transport of merchandise to the checkout counter during shopping.

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Short linear motif

In molecular biology Short Linear Motifs (also known as SLiMs, Linear Motifs or minimotifs) are short stretches of protein sequence that mediate protein–protein interaction.

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Shunt nephritis

Shunt nephritis is a rare disease of the kidney that can occur in patients being treated for hydrocephalus with a cerebral shunt.

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Sib RNA

Sib RNA refers to a group of related non-coding RNA.

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Siboglinidae

Siboglinidae, also known as the beard worms, is a family of polychaete annelid worms whose members made up the former phyla Pogonophora (the giant tube worms) and Vestimentifera.

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Sickle cell nephropathy

Sickle cell nephropathy is a type of nephropathy associated with sickle cell disease which causes kidney complications as a result of sickling of red blood cells in the small blood vessels.

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SIDD

In bioinformatics, SIDD is short for Stress-Induced (DNA) Duplex Destabilization.

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Siderocalin

Siderocalin (Scn), lipocalin-2, NGAL, 24p3 is a mammalian lipocalin-type protein that can prevent iron acquisition by pathogenic bacteria by binding siderophores, which are iron-binding chelators made by microorganisms.

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Siderophore

Siderophores (Greek: "iron carrier") are small, high-affinity iron-chelating compounds secreted by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi and serving to transport iron across cell membranes.

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Sigma factor

A sigma factor (σ factor) is a protein needed only for initiation of transcription.

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Signal recognition particle RNA

The signal recognition particle RNA, (also known as 7SL, 6S,, or 4.5S RNA) is part of a the signal recognition particle (SRP) ribonucleoprotein complex.

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Silage

Silage is fermented, high-moisture stored fodder which can be fed to cattle, sheep and other such ruminants (cud-chewing animals) or used as a biofuel feedstock for anaerobic digesters.

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Silicibacter

In taxonomy, Silicibacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Silicibacter pomeroyi

Silicibacter pomeroyi is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic dimethylsulfoniopropionate-demethylating bacterium.

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Silver

Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin argentum, derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47.

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Silver Nano

Silver Nano (Silver Nano Health System) is a trademark name of an antibacterial technology which uses ionic silver nanoparticles in washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, air purifiers and vacuum cleaners introduced by Samsung in April 2003.

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SimEarth

SimEarth is a life simulation video game, the second designed by Will Wright, in which the player controls the development of a planet.

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Simkania

Simkania, is a genus of bacteria belonging to the Chlamydiae.

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Simkaniaceae

Simkaniaceae is a family of bacteria in the order Chlamydiales, class Chlamydiae, phylum Chlamydiae, domain Bacteria.

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Single-cell protein

Single-cell protein (SCP) refers to edible unicellular microorganisms.

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Single-strand DNA-binding protein

Single-strand DNA-binding protein (SSB) is a protein found in Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, that binds to single-stranded regions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

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Single-stranded binding protein

Single-stranded binding proteins (SSBs) are a class of proteins that have been identified in both viruses and organisms from bacteria to humans.

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Sinorhizobium

Sinorhizobium/Ensifer is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia), three of which (Sinorhizobium meliloti, Sinorhizobium medicae and Sinorhizobium fredii) have been sequenced.

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Sinorhizobium americanum

Sinorhizobium americanum is a bacterium first isolated from root nodules of Acacia species native of Mexico.

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Sinorhizobium fredii

Sinorhizobium fredii is a bacterium.

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Sinorhizobium medicae

Sinorhiozbium medicae is a gram-negative, Nitrogen-fixing, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Sinorhizobium meliloti

Sinorhizobium meliloti is a Gram-negative nitrogen-fixing bacterium (rhizobium).

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Sinusitis

Sinusitis, also known as a sinus infection or rhinosinusitis, is inflammation of the sinuses resulting in symptoms.

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Sirohaem synthase

In molecular biology, sirohaem synthase (or siroheme synthase) (CysG) is a multi-functional enzyme with S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent bismethyltransferase, dehydrogenase and ferrochelatase activities.

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Sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase

In enzymology, a sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are sirohydrochlorin and Fe2+, whereas its two products are sirohaem and H+.

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Sirolimus

Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin, is a macrolide compound that is used to coat coronary stents, prevent organ transplant rejection and to treat a rare lung disease called lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

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Sirtuin

Sirtuins are a class of proteins that possess either mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, or deacylase activity, including deacetylase, desuccinylase, demalonylase, demyristoylase and depalmitoylase activity.

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Six Kingdoms

Six Kingdoms may refer to.

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Sjögren syndrome

Sjögren syndrome (SjS, SS) is a long-term autoimmune disease in which the moisture-producing glands of the body are affected.

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Skeletal eroding band

Skeletal eroding band (SEB) is a disease of corals that appears as a black or dark gray band that slowly advances over corals, leaving a spotted region of dead coral in its wake.

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Skin

Skin is the soft outer tissue covering vertebrates.

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Skin and skin structure infection

A skin and skin structure infection (SSSI), also referred to as skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) or acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection (ABSSSI), is an infection of skin and associated soft tissues (such as loose connective tissue and mucous membranes).

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Skin flora

The term skin flora (also commonly referred to as skin microbiota) refers to the microorganisms which reside on the skin, typically human skin.

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Skin infection

Infection of the skin is distinguished from dermatitis, Stating: "Excludes:...

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Skin infections and wrestling

Skin infections and wrestling is the role of skin infections in wrestling.

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Slackia

Slackia is a genus of Actinobacteria, in the family Coriobacteriaceae.

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Slime flux

Slime flux is a bacterial disease of certain trees, primarily elm, cottonwood, poplar, boxelder, ash, aspen, fruitless mulberry and oak.

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Slime layer

A slime layer in bacteria is an easily removable (e.g. by centrifugation), unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds bacteria cells.

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Slime mold

Slime mold or slime mould is an informal name given to several kinds of unrelated eukaryotic organisms that can live freely as single cells, but can aggregate together to form multicellular reproductive structures.

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Slimehead

Slimeheads, also known as roughies and redfish, are mostly small, exceptionally long-lived, deep-sea beryciform fish constituting the family Trachichthyidae (derived from the Greek trachys - "rough" and ichthys - "fish").

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Slitheen

The Slitheen are a family of massive, bipedal extraterrestrials from the British science fiction television series Doctor Who and are adversaries of the Ninth Doctor and later Sarah Jane Smith.

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Sloth

Sloths are arboreal mammals noted for slowness of movement and for spending most of their lives hanging upside down in the trees of the tropical rainforests of South America and Central America.

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Slow sand filter

Slow sand filters are used in water purification for treating raw water to produce a potable product.

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Sludge bulking

In treatment of sewage one process used is the activated sludge process in which air is passed through a mixture of sewage and old sludge to allow the micro-organisms to break down the organic components of the sewage.

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Small appliance

A small appliance or small domestic appliance are portable or semi-portable machines, generally used on table-tops, counter-tops, or other platforms, to accomplish a household task.

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Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), also termed bacterial overgrowths, or small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome (SBBOS), is a disorder of excessive bacterial growth in the small intestine.

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Smallest organisms

The smallest organisms found on Earth can be determined according to various aspects of organism size; including volume, mass, height, length, or genome size.

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Smallpox

Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor.

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Smear layer

The smear layer is a layer of microcrystalline and organic particle debris that is found spread on root canal walls after root canal instrumentation.

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Smithella propionica

Smithella propionica is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus.

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SmURFP

Small ultra red fluorescent protein (smURFP) is a class of far-red fluorescent protein evolved from a cyanobacterial (Trichodesmium erythraeum) phycobiliprotein, α-allophycocyanin.

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Snag (ecology)

In forest ecology, a snag refers to a standing, dead or dying tree, often missing a top or most of the smaller branches.

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Snottite

Snottite, also snoticle, is a microbial mat of single-celled extremophilic bacteria which hang from the walls and ceilings of caves and are similar to small stalactites, but have the consistency of nasal mucus.

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Snow skin mooncake

Snow skin mooncake, snowy mooncake, ice skin mooncake or crystal mooncake is a Chinese food eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival.

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Soap scum

Soap scum or lime soap is the white solid composed of calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, and similar insoluble compounds that result from the addition of soap and other anionic surfactants to hard water.

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Social effects of Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina had many social effects.

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Social Immunity

Social immunity (also termed collective immunity) describes the additional level of disease protection arising in social groups from collective disease defences, performed either jointly or towards one another.

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Social trap

In psychology, a social trap is a situation in which a group of people act to obtain short-term individual gains, which in the long run leads to a loss for the group as a whole.

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Soda lake

A soda lake or alkaline lake is a lake on the strongly alkaline side of neutrality, typically with a pH value between 9 and 12.

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Sodalis

Sodalis is a genus of bacteria within the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Sodalis glossinidius

Sodalis glossinidius is a species of bacteria, the type and only species of its genus.

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Sodium azide

Sodium azide is the inorganic compound with the formula NaN3.

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Sodium fluoroacetate

No description.

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Sodium nitrite

Sodium nitrite is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO2.

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Sodium thiosulfate

Sodium thiosulfate (sodium thiosulphate) is a chemical and medication.

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Sodium-calcium exchanger

The sodium-calcium exchanger (often denoted Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, NCX, or exchange protein) is an antiporter membrane protein that removes calcium from cells.

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Sodium-transporting carboxylic acid decarboxylase

The Na+-transporting Carboxylic Acid Decarboxylase (NaT-DC) Family is a family of porters that belong to the CPA superfamily.

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Sodium:dicarboxylate symporter

It has been shown that integral membrane proteins that mediate the uptake of a wide variety of molecules with the concomitant uptake of sodium ions (sodium symporters) can be grouped, on the basis of sequence and functional similarities into a number of distinct families.

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Soil

Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.

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Soil biodiversity

Soil biodiversity refers to the relationship of soil to biodiversity and to aspects of the soil that can be managed in relation to biodiversity.

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Soil biology

Soil biology is the study of microbial and faunal activity and ecology in soil.

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Soil carbon

Soil carbon includes both inorganic carbon as carbonate minerals, and as soil organic matter.

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Soil conservation

Soil conservation is the preventing of soil loss from erosion or reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination.

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Soil ecology

Soil ecology is the study of the interactions among soil biology, and between biotic and abiotic aspects of the soil environment.

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Soil horizon

A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface, whose physical characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath.

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Soil life

This table is a résumé of soil life,, Les Bases de la Production Végetal, tome I: Le Sol et son amélioration,, 2003 coherent with prevalent taxonomy as used in the linked Wikipedia articles.

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Soil microbiology

Soil microbiology is the study of organisms in soil, their functions, and how they affect soil properties.

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Solar System in fiction

The Solar System and its various bodies (planets, asteroids, moons, etc.) were the earliest objects to be treated as fictional locations in works of science fiction.

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Solemya velum

Solemya velum, the Atlantic awning clam, is a species of marine bivalve mollusc in the family Solemyidae, the awning clams.

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Solemyidae

Solemyidae is a family of saltwater clams, marine protobranch bivalve mollusks in the order Solemyoida.

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Solid surface

Solid surface is a man-made material usually composed of a combination of Alumina Trihydrate (ATH), acrylic, epoxy or polyester resins and pigments.

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Solitalea

Solitalea is a genus from the family of Sphingobacteriaceae.

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Solitalea canadensis

Solitalea canadensis is a bacterium from the genus of Solitalea which has been isolated from soil in Canada.

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Solitalea koreensis

Solitalea koreensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Solitalea which has been isolated from greenhouse soil in Yongin in Korea.

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Solobacterium

Solobacterium is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic genus from the family of Erysipelotrichidae, with one known species (Solobacterium moorei).

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Solobacterium moorei

Solobacterium moorei is a bacterium that has been identified as a contributor to halitosis.

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Somatic antigen

A somatic antigen is an antigen located in the cell wall of a gram-positive or gram-negative bacterium.

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Somatic cell count

A somatic cell count (SCC) is a cell count of somatic cells in a fluid specimen, usually milk.

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Song thrush

The song thrush (Turdus philomelos) is a thrush that breeds across much of Eurasia.

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Sorangium cellulosum

Sorangium cellulosum is a soil-dwelling Gram-negative bacterium of the group myxobacteria.

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Sorbitol dehydrogenase

Sorbitol dehydrogenase (or SDH) is a cytosolic enzyme.

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Source rock

In petroleum geology, source rock refers to rocks from which hydrocarbons have been generated or are capable of being generated.

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Sous-vide

Sous-vide (French for "under vacuum") is a method of cooking in which food is placed in a plastic pouch or a glass jar and then placed in a water bath or steam environment for longer than normal cooking times (usually 1 to 7 hours, up to 48 or more in some cases) at an accurately regulated temperature.

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Southwestern corn borer

The southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, is a moth belonging to the sub-order Heterocera.

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Soy yogurt

Soy yogurt, also referred to as Soya yogurt, Soygurt or Yofu (a portmanteau of '''yo'''gurt and to'''fu'''), is yogurt prepared with soy milk.

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Soybean rust

Soybean rust is a disease that affects soybeans and other legumes.

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Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II

The Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II (commonly known as SRE-2) was an Indian re-entry demonstration experiment designed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

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Space medicine

Space medicine is the practice of medicine on astronauts in outer space whereas astronautical hygiene is the application of science and technology to the prevention or control of exposure to the hazards that may cause astronaut ill health.

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Spacer DNA

Spacer DNA or intergenic spacer (IGS) is a region of non-coding DNA between genes.

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SPAdes (software)

SPAdes (St. Petersburg genome assembler)http://spades.bioinf.spbau.ru/release3.0.0/manual.html is a genome assembly algorithm which was designed for single cell and multi-cells bacterial data sets.

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Specialty (medicine)

A specialty, or speciality, in medicine is a branch of medical practice.

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Species

In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.

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Specific replant disease

Specific Replant Disease (also known as ‘Sick Soil Syndrome’) is a malady that manifests itself when susceptible plants such as apples, pears, plums, cherries and roses are placed into soil previously occupied by a related species.

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Spectinomycin

Spectinomycin, sold under the tradename Trobicin among others, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of gonorrhea infections.

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SpeF leader

SpeF is a putative cis-acting element identified in several gram negative alpha proteobacteria.

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Sperm chemotaxis

Sperm chemotaxis is a form of sperm guidance, in which sperm cells (spermatozoa) follow a concentration gradient of a chemoattractant secreted from the oocyte and thereby reach the oocyte.

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Sperm guidance

Sperm guidance is the process by which sperm cells (spermatozoa) are directed to the oocyte (egg) for the aim of fertilization.

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Spermine

Spermine is a polyamine involved in cellular metabolism found in all eukaryotic cells.

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Sphaerisporangium cinnabarinum

Sphaerisporangium cinnabarinum is an actinomycete species of bacteria first isolated from sandy soil.

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Sphaerisporangium melleum

Sphaerisporangium melleum is an actinomycete species of bacteria first isolated from sandy soil.

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Sphaerisporangium rubeum

Sphaerisporangium rubeum is an actinomycete species of bacteria first isolated from sandy soil.

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Sphaerobacter

Sphaerobacter is a genus of bacteria.

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Sphaerocodium

Sphaerocodium is an extinct genus of bacteria in the phylum Cyanobacteria, often called blue-green algae.

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Sphaerolipoviridae

Sphaerolipoviridae is a family of double-stranded DNA viruses that infect thermophilic bacteria and halophilic archea, formally approved by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in 2015.

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Sphaerophysa salsula

Sphaerophysa salsula is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common names alkali swainsonpea, Austrian peaweed, and red bladder-vetch.

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Sphaerotheriida

Sphaerotheriida (from the Latin sphaerium.

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Sphaerotilus natans

Sphaerotilus natans is an aquatic periphyton organism associated with polluted water.

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Spheroplast

A spheroplast is a cell from which the cell wall has been almost completely removed, as by the action of penicillin.

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Sphingobacteria (phylum)

Sphingobacteria is a division (phylum), created by Cavalier-Smith, which contains the classes Chlorobea, Fibrobacteres, Bacteroidetes and Flavobacteria.

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Sphingobacteriaceae

The family Sphingobacteriaceae is composed of three genera of environmental bacteria.

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Sphingobacteriales

The order Sphingobacteriales comprises five families of environmental bacteria.

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Sphingobacteriia

Sphingobacteriia, Kämpfer 2011, is a taxonomic class composed of a single order of environmental bacteria that are capable of producing sphingolipids.

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Sphingobacterium

Sphingobacterium is a genus in the family Sphingobacteriaceae.

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Sphingobacterium alimentarium

Sphingobacterium alimentarium is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from a dairy environment in Germany.

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Sphingobacterium anhuiense

Sphingobacterium anhuiense is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from forest soil in the Anhui province in China.

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Sphingobacterium arenae

Sphingobacterium arenae is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, short rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from sandy soil in Xinjiang in China.

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Sphingobacterium bambusae

Sphingobacterium bambusae is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from soil from a bamboo plantation.

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Sphingobacterium caeni

Sphingobacterium caeni is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from activated sludge.

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Sphingobacterium canadense

Sphingobacterium canadense is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from corn roots.

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Sphingobacterium changzhouense

Sphingobacterium changzhouense is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from soil from a rice field in Jiangsu in China.

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Sphingobacterium cladoniae

Sphingobacterium cladoniae is a Gram-negative and strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from the lichen cladonia from the Geogeum Island in Korea.

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Sphingobacterium composti

Sphingobacterium composti is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, short rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from cotton waste compost in Korea.

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Sphingobacterium daejeonense

Sphingobacterium daejeonense is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from compost.

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Sphingobacterium detergens

Sphingobacterium detergens is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from soil.

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Sphingobacterium faecium

Sphingobacterium faecium is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from the feces of the cattle Bos sprunigenius taurus.

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Sphingobacterium ginsenosidimutans

Sphingobacterium ginsenosidimutans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from a ginseng field in Pocheon in Korea.

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Sphingobacterium gobiense

Sphingobacterium gobiense is a Gram-negative, short rod-shaped, non-spore-formin and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from soil from the Gobi Desert in the Xinjiang Province in China.

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Sphingobacterium griseoflavum

Sphingobacterium griseoflavum is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from the cricket Teleogryllus occipitalis.

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Sphingobacterium hotanense

Sphingobacterium hotanense is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from the Populus euphratica forest from the Hotan River valley in China.

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Sphingobacterium kitahiroshimense

Sphingobacterium kitahiroshimense is a Gram-negative, exopolysaccharide-degrading, strictly aerobic and chemoheterotrophic bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from soil from the city Kitahiroshima on Japan.

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Sphingobacterium kyonggiense

Sphingobacterium kyonggiense is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from soil which was contaminated with trichloroethene in Suwon in Korea.

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Sphingobacterium lactis

Sphingobacterium lactis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from raw milk in Bavaria in Germany.

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Sphingobacterium mucilaginosum

Sphingobacterium mucilaginosum is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, short rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from a rose in China.

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Sphingobacterium nematocida

Sphingobacterium nematocida is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from the tobacco-plant Nicotiana tabacum in Yuxi in China.

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Sphingobacterium pakistanense

Sphingobacterium pakistanense is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from the rhizosphere of the plant Vigna mungo in Pakistan.

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Sphingobacterium paludis

Sphingobacterium paludis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from soil from the Xixi wetland in China.

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Sphingobacterium psychroaquaticum

Sphingobacterium psychroaquaticum is a Gram-negative and psychrophilic bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from lake water from the Lake Michigan in Wisconsin in the United States.

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Sphingobacterium shayense

Sphingobacterium shayense is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from forest soil from a Populus euphratica forest in Xinjiang in China.

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Sphingobacterium siyangense

Sphingobacterium siyangense is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from soil from Jiangsu in China.

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Sphingobacterium suaedae

Sphingobacterium suaedae is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from the plant Suaeda corniculata from the bank of the Wuliangsuhai Lake in the Inner Mongolia in China.

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Sphingobacterium thermophilum

Sphingobacterium thermophilum is a Gram-negative and strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from compost.

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Sphingobacterium wenxiniae

Sphingobacterium wenxiniae is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has b een isolated from activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in China.

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Sphingobacterium yanglingense

Sphingobacterium yanglingense is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from the root nodule surface of a soybean (Glycine max) in Yangling in China.

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Sphingobacterium zeae

Sphingobacterium zeae is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Sphingobacterium which has been isolated from stem tissue of a mays-plant (Zea mays).

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Sphingobium

Sphingobium species are different from other sphingomonads in that they are commonly isolated from soil; however, Sphingobium yanoikuyae was isolated from a clinical specimen.

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Sphingobium chlorophenolicum

Sphingobium chlorophenolicum is a species of Proteobacteria.

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Sphingobium francense

Sphingobium francense is a hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading bacteria with type strain MTCC 6363T (.

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Sphingobium indicum

Sphingobium indicum is a hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading bacteria with type strain MTCC 6364T (.

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Sphingobium japonicum

Sphingobium japonicum is a hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading bacteria with type strain MTCC 6362T (.

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Sphingomonadaceae

Sphingomonadaceae are a family of the Alphaproteobacteria.

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Sphingomonas

Sphingomonas was defined in 1990 as a group of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, chemoheterotrophic, strictly aerobic bacteria.

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Sphingomonas abaci

Sphingomonas abaci is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from an examination table from the University for Veterinary Medicine Vienna in Austria.

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Sphingomonas abikonensis

Sphingomonas abikonensis is a species of Gram-negative proteobacteria.

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Sphingomonas adhaesiva

Sphingomonas adhaesiva is a species of bacteria.

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Sphingomonas aerolata

Sphingomonas aerolata is a Gram-negative and psychrotolerant bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas.

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Sphingomonas aerophila

Sphingomonas aerophila is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from air from the Jeju Island in Korea.

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Sphingomonas aestuarii

Sphingomonas aestuarii is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from tidal flat sediments in Yeosu in Korea.

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Sphingomonas alpina

Sphingomonas alpina is a Gram-negative, aerobic, psychrophilic and motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from alpine soil from the High Tauern in Austria.

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Sphingomonas aromaticivorans

Sphingomonas aromaticivorans is a species of bacteria.

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Sphingomonas asaccharolytica

Sphingomonas asaccharolytica is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from roots from an apple tree in Japan.

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Sphingomonas astaxanthinifaciens

Sphingomonas astaxanthinifaciens is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from fresh water in Misasa in Japan.

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Sphingomonas aurantiaca

Sphingomonas aurantiaca is a Gram-negative and psychrotolerant bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from indoor dusts from animal sheds in Finland.

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Sphingomonas azotifigens

Sphingomonas azotifigens is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from the root of a rice plant (Oryza sativa) in Mishima in Japan.

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Sphingomonas canadensis

Sphingomonas canadensis is an aerobic bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolatde from a sludge pond in British Columbia in Canada.

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Sphingomonas changbaiensis

Sphingomonas changbaiensis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from forest soil from the Changbai Mountains in the Heilongjiang Province in China.

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Sphingomonas cynarae

Sphingomonas cynarae is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from the phyllosphere of the plant Cynara cardunculus var. sylvestris in Lecce in Italy.

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Sphingomonas daechungensis

Sphingomonas daechungensis is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from sediments of the Daechung water reservoir in Korea.

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Sphingomonas desiccabilis

Sphingomonas desiccabilis is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from biological soil crusts in the Colorado Plateau in the United States.

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Sphingomonas dokdonensis

Sphingomonas dokdonensis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from soil from the Dokdo Island in Korea.

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Sphingomonas echinoides

Sphingomonas echinoides is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.

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Sphingomonas endophytica

Sphingomonas endophytica is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from the root of the plant Artemisia annua in the Yunnan province in China.

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Sphingomonas faeni

Sphingomonas faeni is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from indoor dusts from animal sheds in Finland.

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Sphingomonas fennica

Sphingomonas fennica is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from groundwater, which was colected near a sawmill in Finland.

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Sphingomonas flava

Sphingomonas flava is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from soil from Yongin-si from the Gyeonggi Province in Korea.

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Sphingomonas formosensis

Sphingomonas formosensis is a Gram-negative and short rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from agricultural soil in Kaohsiung County in Taiwan.

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Sphingomonas gei

Sphingomonas gei is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas with a single polar flagellum which has been isolated from roots of the plant Geum aleppicum from the Mount Taibai in the Shaanxi Province in China.

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Sphingomonas gimensis

Sphingomonas gimensis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from a lead and zinc mine in Meizhou in the Guangdong Province in China.

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Sphingomonas ginsengisoli

Sphingomonas ginsengisoli is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Pocheon in Korea.

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Sphingomonas ginsenosidimutans

Sphingomonas ginsenosidimutans is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Pocheon in Korea.

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Sphingomonas glacialis

Sphingomonas glacialis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, psychrophilic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from cryoconite from the Stubai Glacier in Tyrol in Austria.

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Sphingomonas guangdongensis

Sphingomonas guangdongensis is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from lead-zinc ore in Meizhou in the Guangdong province in China.

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Sphingomonas haloaromaticamans

Sphingomonas haloaromaticamans is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from water and soil in the Netherlands.

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Sphingomonas hankookensis

Sphingomonas hankookensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from wastewater from a wastewater treatment plant in Taejon in Korea.

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Sphingomonas histidinilytica

Sphingomonas histidinilytica is a Gram-negative and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from hexachlorocyclohexane contaminated soil from a dump site in Ummari near Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh in India.

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Sphingomonas indica

Sphingomonas indica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from hexachlorocyclohexane soil from a dump site in Ummari near Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh in India.

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Sphingomonas insulae

Sphingomonas insulae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from soil in Dokdo in Korea.

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Sphingomonas japonica

Sphingomonas japonica is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from the crab Paralithodes camtschaticus in the Peter the Great Bay in Russia.

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Sphingomonas jaspsi

Sphingomonas jaspsi is a Gram-negative, aerobic, pleomorphic and motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from fresh water in Misasa in Japan.

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Sphingomonas jejuensis

Sphingomonas jejuensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from the sponge Hymeniacidon flavia near the Jeju Island in Korea.

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Sphingomonas jinjuensis

Sphingomonas jinjuensis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from a rice field in Jinju in Korea.

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Sphingomonas kaistensis

Sphingomonas kaistensis is a Gram-negative, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from soil in Korea.

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Sphingomonas koreensis

Sphingomonas koreensis is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from natural mineral water in Taejon in Korea.

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Sphingomonas kyeonggiensis

Sphingomonas kyeonggiensis is a Gram-negative bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Pocheon in Korea.

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Sphingomonas kyungheensis

Sphingomonas kyungheensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic and motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas with a polar flagellum which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field.

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Sphingomonas lacus

Sphingomonas lacus is a Gram-negative, aerobic and motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from soil near a pond in Daejeon in Korea.

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Sphingomonas laterariae

Sphingomonas laterariae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from a dump site which was contaminated with hexachlorocyclohexane in Ummari in India.

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Sphingomonas melonis

Sphingomonas melonis is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from the plant Cucumis melo var. inodorus in Madrid in Spain.

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Sphingomonas molluscorum

Sphingomonas molluscorum is a Gram-negative, aerobic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from the mollusc Anadara broughtonii in the Peter the Great Bay in Russia.

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Sphingomonas morindae

Sphingomonas morindae is a Gram-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from the inner tissue of the plant Morinda citrifolia in Sanya on Hainan in China.

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Sphingomonas mucosissima

Sphingomonas mucosissima is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from soil crusts from the Colorado Plateau in the United States.

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Sphingomonas naasensis

Sphingomonas naasensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas with a polar flagellum which has been isolated from forest soil on the Baengnyeong Island in Korea.

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Sphingomonas oligoaromativorans

Sphingomonas oligoaromativorans is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, oligotrophic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from humus forest soil in the Gyeryong Mountain National Park in Korea.

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Sphingomonas oligophenolica

Sphingomonas oligophenolica is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from paddy field soil in Japan.

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Sphingomonas oryziterrae

Sphingomonas oryziterrae is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from rice fields (Oryza sativa) in Jinju in Korea.

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Sphingomonas panni

Sphingomonas panni is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from a sponge from an examination room in the University for Veterinary Medicine Vienna in Austria.

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Sphingomonas parapaucimobilis

Sphingomonas parapaucimobilis is a species of bacteria.

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Sphingomonas paucimobilis

Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a strictly aerobic Gram-negative bacillus that has a single polar flagellum with slow motility.

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Sphingomonas phyllosphaerae

Sphingomonas phyllosphaerae is a species of bacteria.

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Sphingomonas pituitosa

Sphingomonas pituitosa is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from water from a eutrophic artificial spring in Austria.

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Sphingomonas polyaromaticivorans

Sphingomonas polyaromaticivorans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, short-rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from water from the Botan Oil Port in Xiamen in China.

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Sphingomonas pruni

Sphingomonas pruni is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from the roots of the tree Prunus persica in Japan.

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Sphingomonas pseudosanguinis

Sphingomonas pseudosanguinis is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingomonas, which has been isolated from a humidifier in Germany.

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Sphingomonas psychrolutea

Sphingomonas psychrolutea is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and psychrotolerant bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from the Midui glacier in Tibet in China.

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Sphingomonas roseiflava

Sphingomonas roseiflava is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from the plant Setaria viridis in the Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan.

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Sphingomonas rubra

Sphingomonas rubra is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, neutrophilic and motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from wastewater from a leather plant in China.

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Sphingomonas sanxanigenens

Sphingomonas sanxanigenens is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from soil from a cornfield from Xinhe County in China.

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Sphingomonas sediminicola

Sphingomonas sediminicola is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from freshwater sediments from the Daecheong Bank near Daejeon in Korea.

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Sphingomonas soli

Sphingomonas soli is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Korea.

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Sphingomonas stygia

Sphingomonas stygia is a species of bacteria.

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Sphingomonas trueperi

Sphingomonas trueperi is a Gram-negative soil bacterium.

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Sphingomonas vulcanisoli

Sphingomonas vulcanisoli is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from soil of the Gotjawal Forest in Korea.

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Sphingomonas wittichii

Sphingomonas wittichii is a species of bacteria.

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Sphingomonas xinjiangensis

Sphingomonas xinjiangensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic and motile bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas, which has been isolated from the desert sand of the Xingjiang Province in China.

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Sphingomonas yanoikuyae

Sphingomonas yanoikuyae is a species of bacteria.

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Sphingomonas yunnanensis

Sphingomonas yunnanensis is a species of bacteria.

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Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase D

Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase D (sphingomyelinase D) is an enzyme of the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase family with systematic name sphingomyelin ceramide-phosphohydrolase.

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Sphingopyxis

Sphingopyxis is a bacterial genus.

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Sphingopyxis bauzanensis

Sphingopyxis bauzanensis is a bacterium.

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Sphingopyxis flavimaris

Sphingopyxis flavimaris is a bacterium.

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Sphingopyxis granuli

Sphingopyxis granuli is a bacterium.

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Sphingopyxis italica

Sphingopyxis italica is a bacterium.

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Sphingopyxis panaciterrulae

Sphingopyxis panaciterrulae is a bacterium.

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Sphingopyxis ummariensis

Sphingopyxis ummariensis is a bacterium.

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Sphingoterrabacterium

Sphingoterrabacterium is a genus from the family of Sphingobacteriaceae, with one known species (Sphingoterrabacterium koreensis).

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Spider silk

Spider silk is a protein fibre spun by spiders.

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Spilopsyllus cuniculi

Spilopsyllus cuniculi, the rabbit flea, is a species of flea in the family Pulicidae.

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Spiral bacteria

Spiral bacteria, bacteria of spiral (helical) shape, form the third major morphological category of prokaryotes along with the rod-shaped bacilli and round cocci.

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Spiral Jetty

Spiral Jetty is an earthwork sculpture constructed in April 1970 that is considered to be the central work of American sculptor Robert Smithson.

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Spiral plater

A spiral plater is an instrument used to dispense a liquid sample onto a Petri dish in a spiral pattern.

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Spirillaceae

Spirillaceae is a family in the order Nitrosomonadales in the class Betaproteobacteria of the bacteria.

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Spirillum

Spirillum is a genus of Gram-negative Terrible a in the family Spirillaceae of the Nitrosomonadales of the Betaproteobacteria.

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Spirillum minus

Spirillum minus is an organism associated with rat-bite fever and sodoku that has never been fully identified and was assigned to the genus Spirillum in the early 1900s based on morphology, although it is not a validly published name.

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Spirillum volutans

Spirillum volutans is a gram-negative, bacterium from the genus of Spirillum which occurs in freshwater.

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Spirillum winogradskyi

Spirillum winogradskyi is a gram-negative, bacterium from the genus of Spirillum which was isolated from the sulfidic sludge of a municipal wastewater treatment plant.

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Spirochaeta

Spirochaeta is a genus of bacteria classified within the phylum Spirochaetes.

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Spirochaeta americana

Spirochaeta americana is a relatively newly discovered single-celled extremophile.

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Spirochaeta thermophila

Spirochaeta thermophila is a fairly recently discovered free-living, anaerobic, spirochaete that seems to be the most thermophilic of the Spirochaetales order.

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Spirochaetaceae

The Spirochaetaceae are a family of spirochete bacteria.

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Spirochaete

A spirochaete or spirochete is a member of the phylum Spirochaetes, which contains distinctive diderm (double-membrane) bacteria, most of which have long, helically coiled (corkscrew-shaped or spiraled, hence the name) cells.

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Spiroplasma

Spiroplasma is a genus of Mollicutes, a group of small bacteria without cell walls.

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Spiroplasma citri

Spiroplasma citri is a bacterium species and the causative agent of Citrus stubborn disease.

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Spiroplasma mirum

Spiroplasma mirum is a bacterium in the genus Spiroplasma.

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Spiroplasma phage 1-R8A2B

Spiroplasma phage 1-R8A2B is a filamentous bacteriophage in the genus Plectrovirus of the family Inoviridae, part of the group of single-stranded DNA viruses.

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Spirulina (genus)

Spirulina is a genus of cyanobacteria.

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Spirulina abbreviata

Spirulina abbreviata is a marine cyanobacteria from the genus of Spirulina.

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Spirulina agilis

Spirulina agilis is a freshwater cyanobacteria from the genus of Spirulina.

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Spirulina agilissima

Spirulina agilissima is a freshwater cyanobacteria from the genus of Spirulina.

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Spirulina albida

Spirulina albida is a chlorophyll-free, heterotrophic and saprotrophic freshwater cyanobacteria from the genus of Spirulina.

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Spirulina ardissoni

Spirulina ardissoni is a cyanobacteria from the genus of Spirulina.

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Spirulinales

The Spirulinales are an order of cyanobacteria.

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Sponge

Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (meaning "pore bearer"), are a basal Metazoa clade as sister of the Diploblasts.

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Sponge (material)

A sponge is a tool or cleaning aid made of soft, porous material.

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Spongilla

Spongilla is a genus of freshwater sponges in the family Spongillidae found in lakes and slow streams.

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Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the development of a bacterial infection in the peritoneum causing peritonitis, despite the absence of an obvious source for the infection.

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Sporangium

A sporangium (pl., sporangia) (modern Latin, from Greek σπόρος (sporos) ‘spore’ + αγγείον (angeion) ‘vessel’) is an enclosure in which spores are formed.

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Spore photoproduct lyase

Spore photoproduct lyase (SAM, SP lyase, SPL, SplB, SplG) is a radical SAM enzyme that repairs a particular kind of lesion that arises upon UV-radiation of bacterial DNA.

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Sporichthya

Sporichthya is the only genus in the family Sporichthyaceae, which is a part of the highly polyphyletic suborder Frankineae.

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Sporogenesis

Sporogenesis is the production of spores in biology.

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Sporohalobacter

Sporohalobacter are a genus of anaerobic bacteria belonging to the family Haloanaerobiaceae.

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Sporolactobacillaceae

The Sporolactobacillaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria including the genera Sinobaca, Sporolactobacillus, and Tuberibacillus.

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Sporolactobacillus

Sporolactobacillus is a genus of anaerobic, endospore-forming, Gram-positive, motile, rod-shaped, lactic acid bacteria.

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Sporomusa

Sporomusa is a genus of Firmicutes bacteria classified within the class Negativicutes.

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Sporomusa ovata

Sporomusa ovata is a species of bacteria with characteristic banana-shaped cells.

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Sporomusa termitida

Sporomusa termitida is a species of bacteria.

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Sporosarcina

Sporosarcina is a genus of bacteria.

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Sporosarcina aquimarina

Sporosarcina aquimarina is a rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Sporosarcina.

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Sporosarcina globispora

Sporosarcina globispora, formerly known as Bacillus globisporus, is a Gram-positive, aerobic, round spore-forming bacillus.

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Sporosarcina pasteurii

Sporosarcina pasteurii formerly known as Bacillus pasteurii from older taxonomies, is a bacterium with the ability to precipitate calcite and solidify sand given a calcium source and urea, through the process of microbiologically induced calcite precipitation or biological cementation.

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Sporosarcina ureae

Sporosarcina ureae is a type of bacteria of the genus Sporosarcina, and is closely related to the genus Bacillus.

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Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria that is naturally found in soil and vegetation, and is known for its ability to form a small, tough, protective and metabolically dormant endospore.

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Spot 42 RNA

Spot 42 (spf) RNA is a regulatory non-coding bacterial small RNA encoded by the spf (spot forty-two) gene.

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Spotted fever

A spotted fever is a type of tick-borne disease which presents on the skin.

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Spray-and-vac cleaning

Spray-and-vac cleaning is a “no-touch” method - cleaning is accomplished without the need for workers to touch soiled surfaces with their hands - used in professional cleaning in which a pressurized, diluted cleaning solution is applied to soiled or contaminated surfaces.

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Springtail

Springtails (Collembola) form the largest of the three lineages of modern hexapods that are no longer considered insects (the other two are the Protura and Diplura).

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Sprouting

Sprouting is the practice of germinating seeds to be eaten raw or cooked.

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Spruce budworm

Spruce budworms and relatives are a group of closely related insects in the genus Choristoneura.

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SprX small RNA

In molecular biology the small pathogenicity island RNA X (alias RsaOR) gene is a bacterial non-coding RNA.

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Sputnik virophage

Sputnik virophage (from Russian cпутник "satellite", Latin "virus" and Greek φάγειν phagein "to eat") is a subviral agent that reproduces in amoeba cells that are already infected by a certain helper virus; Sputnik uses the helper virus's machinery for reproduction and inhibits replication of the helper virus.

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Sputum

Sputum is mucus and is the name used for the coughed-up material (phlegm) from the lower airways (trachea and bronchi).

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Sputum culture

A sputum culture is a test to detect and identify bacteria or fungi that infect the lungs or breathing passages.

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SR1 RNA

In molecular biology, the SR1 RNA is a small RNA (sRNA) produced by species of Bacillus and closely related bacteria.

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SraB RNA

The SraB RNA is a small non-coding RNA discovered in E. coli during a large scale experimental screen.

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SraC/RyeA RNA

The SraC/RyeA RNA is a non-coding RNA that was discovered in E. coli during two large scale screens for RNAs.

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SraG RNA

SraG (small RNA G) is a small non-coding RNA (ncRNA).

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SroB RNA

The sroB RNA (also known as MicM, rybC, or ChiX) is a non-coding RNA gene of 90 nucleotides in length.

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SroC RNA

The bacterial SroC RNA is a non-coding RNA gene of around 160 nucleotides in length.

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SroD RNA

The bacterial sroD RNA gene is a non-coding RNA of 90 nucleotides in length.

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SroE RNA

The bacterial sroE RNA gene is a non-coding RNA molecule of 90 nucleotides in length.

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SroH RNA

The bacterial sroH RNA is a non-coding RNA that is 160 nucleotides in length.

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SSI protease inhibitor

In molecular biology the protein SSI is a Subtilisin inhibitor-like which stands for Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor.

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St. Clair River

The St.

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St. Martin's Church, Landshut

The Church of St.

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ST8:USA300

ST8:USA300 is a strain of community-associated methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' (MRSA) that has emerged as a particularly antibiotic resistant epidemic that is responsible for rapidly progressive, fatal diseases including necrotizing pneumonia, severe sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis.

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Stain

A stain is a discoloration that can be clearly distinguished from the surface, material, or medium it is found upon.

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Stan Heptinstall

Stanley Heptinstall MBE, (born 21 August 1946) is an Emeritus Professor of the University of Nottingham, Director of Platelet Solutions Ltd (a spinout company of the University of Nottingham), and local government councillor on Nottinghamshire County Council.

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Stanley Norman Cohen

Stanley Norman Cohen (born February 17, 1935 in Perth Amboy, New Jersey, United States) is an American geneticist and the Kwoh-Ting Li Professor in the Stanford University School of Medicine.

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Staphylococcaceae

The Staphylococcaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria that includes the genus Staphylococcus, noted for encompassing several medically significant pathogens.

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Staphylococcus

Staphylococcus (from the σταφυλή, staphylē, "grape" and κόκκος, kókkos, "granule") is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Staphylococcus agnetis

Staphylococcus agnetis is a Gram positive, coagulase-variable member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus.

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Staphylococcus arlettae

Staphylococcus arlettae is a gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive, round-shaped bacterium that is a member of the Firmicutes, and it is a member of the normal flora of the body, frequently found in the nose, respiratory tract, and on the skin.

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Staphylococcus auricularis

Staphylococcus auricularis is a Gram-positive member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of pairs or tetrads of cocci.

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Staphylococcus capitis

Staphylococcus capitis is a coagulase-negative species (CoNS) of Staphylococcus.

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Staphylococcus caprae

Staphylococcus caprae is a Gram-positive, coccus bacteria and a member of the genus Staphylococcus.

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Staphylococcus carnosus

Staphylococcus carnosus is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of single and paired cocci.

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Staphylococcus chromogenes

Staphylococcus chromogenes is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus cohnii

Staphylococcus cohnii is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus condimenti

Staphylococcus condimenti is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of single, paired, and clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus delphini

Staphylococcus delphini is a Gram-positive, coagulase-positive member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of single, paired, and clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus devriesei

Staphylococcus devriesei is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a Gram-positive bacterium, and one of over 40 species belonging to the genus Staphylococcus.

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Staphylococcus equorum

Staphylococcus equorum is a gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus felis

Staphylococcus felis is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus fleurettii

Staphylococcus fleuretti is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of single, paired, and clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus gallinarum

Staphylococcus gallinarum is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of single, paired, and clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus haemolyticus

Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a member of the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS).

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Staphylococcus hominis

Staphylococcus hominis is a coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus, consisting of Gram-positive, spherical cells in clusters.

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Staphylococcus hyicus

Staphylococcus hyicus is a Gram-positive member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus intermedius

Staphylococcus intermedius is a Gram-positive member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus kloosii

Staphylococcus kloosii in a gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of single, paired, and clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus lentus

Staphylococcus lentus is a Gram-positive, oxidase-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus lugdunensis

Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative member of the genus Staphylococcus, consisting of Gram-positive bacteria with spherical cells that appear in clusters.

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Staphylococcus lutrae

Staphylococcus lutrae is a species of Gram-positive bacteria and a member of the genus Staphylococcus.

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Staphylococcus massiliensis

Staphylococcus massiliensis is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus microti

Staphylococcus microti is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus muscae

Staphylococcus muscae is a Gram-positive coccoid bacterium belonging to the genus Staphylococcus.

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Staphylococcus nepalensis

Staphylococcus nepalensis is a Gram-positive coccoid bacterium belonging to the genus Staphylococcus.

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Staphylococcus pettenkoferi

Staphylococcus pettenkoferi (honouring Max von Pettenkofer, 1818–1901, German pioneer in the field of hygiene and public health) was described in 2007 and is a member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus, consisting of spherical, Gram-positive, nonmotile, nonspore-forming, facultative anaerobic bacteria.

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Staphylococcus phage G1

Staphylococcus phage G1 is a virus of the family Myoviridae, genus Twortlikevirus.

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Staphylococcus piscifermentans

Staphylococcus piscifermentans is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a coccus bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus.

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Staphylococcus rostri

Staphylococcus rostri is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus saccharolyticus

Staphylococcus saccharolyticus is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative, anaerobic member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of single and clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a Gram-positive coccus belonging to the coagulase-negative genus Staphylococcus.

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Staphylococcus schleiferi

Staphylococcus schleiferi is a coccus bacterium of the genus Staphylococcus.

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Staphylococcus sciuri

Staphylococcus sciuri is a Gram-positive, oxidase-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus simiae

Staphylococcus simiae is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus simulans

Staphylococcus simulans is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of single, paired, and clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus stepanovicii

Staphylococcus stepanovicii is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of single, paired, and clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus succinus

Staphylococcus succinus is a Gram-positive coccoid bacterium belonging to the genus Staphylococcus.

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Staphylococcus vitulinus

Staphylococcus vitulinus is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci.

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Staphylococcus warneri

Staphylococcus warneri is a member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus, consisting of Gram-positive bacteria with spherical cells appearing in clusters.

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Staphylococcus xylosus

Staphylococcus xylosus is a species of bacteria belonging to the genus Staphylococcus.

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Stappia

In taxonomy, Stappia is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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StAR-related transfer domain

START (StAR-related lipid-transfer) is a lipid-binding domain in StAR, HD-ZIP and signalling proteins.

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Starch synthase (maltosyl-transferring)

Starch synthase (maltosyl-transferring) (alpha1,4-glucan:maltose-1-P maltosyltransferase, GMPMT) is an enzyme with systematic name alpha-maltose 1-phosphate:(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-maltosyltransferase.

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Starkeya

Starkeya is a genus of bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae.

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Starkeya koreensis

Starkeya koreensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from the stem of a rice straw in Daejon in Korea.

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Starkeya novella

Starkeya novella is a chemolithoautotrophic and methylotrophic bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from soil.

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Steak tartare

Steak tartare is a meat dish made from raw ground meat (beef or horsemeat).

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Steam mop

A steam mop is a mop that uses steam to clean floors and carpets.

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Steinernema scapterisci

Steinernema scapterisci, the mole cricket nematode, is a species of nematode in the order Rhabditida.

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Stelechocarpus burahol

Stelechocarpus burahol, known as the burahol, kepel, kepel fruit, keppel fruit, or kepel apple, is an annonaceous plant from the humid evergreen forests of Southeast Asia,Tropical & Subtropical Trees: an encyclopedia, Margaret Barwick, Timber Press (C) 2004, p. 381 known for producing an edible fruit.

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Steneotarsonemus spinki

Steneotarsonemus spinki, the panicle rice mite, spinki mite, or rice tarsonemid mite, is a species of mite in the family Tarsonemidae, the white mites.

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Stenotrophomonas

Stenotrophomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative, Gram-negative bacterium.

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Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens

Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens is a yellow-pigmented bacteria, named after its quality to reduce nitrite.

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Stephanopogon

Stephanopogon is a genus of flagellate marine protozoan that superficially resembles a ciliate.

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Stephen Malawista

Stephen Evan Malawista (April 4, 1934 – September 18, 2013) was an American medical researcher and Professor of medicine within the rheumatology department of Yale University.

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Stereum ostrea

Stereum ostrea, also called false turkey-tail and golden curtain crust, is a basidiomycete fungus in the genus Stereum.

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Sterilant gas monitoring

Sterilant gas monitoring is the detection of hazardous gases used by health care and other facilities to sterilize medical supplies that cannot be sterilized by heat or steam methods.

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Sterilization (microbiology)

Sterilization (or sterilisation) refers to any process that eliminates, removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life and other biological agents (such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, spore forms, prions, unicellular eukaryotic organisms such as Plasmodium, etc.) present in a specified region, such as a surface, a volume of fluid, medication, or in a compound such as biological culture media.

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Sterol

Sterols, also known as steroid alcohols, are a subgroup of the steroids and an important class of organic molecules.

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Sterolibacterium

Sterolibacterium is a genus of gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive rod-shaped bacteria from the family of Rhodocyclaceae which belongs to the class of Betaproteobacteria.

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Sterolibacterium denitrificans

Sterolibacterium denitrificans is a gram-negative, rod-shaped motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum from the genus of Rhodocyclus.

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Steve Honoshowsky

Steve Honoshowsky is a professional musician raised in Basking Ridge, NJ.

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Stewart's wilt

Stewart's wilt is a serious bacterial disease of corn caused by the bacterium Pantoea stewartii.

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Stichosiphonaceae

The Stichosiphonaceae is a family of cyanobacteria.

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Stigmatella (bacterium)

Stigmatella is a bacterium genus in the phylum Proteobacteria.

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Stigmatella aurantiaca

Stigmatella aurantiaca is a member of myxobacteria, a group of gram-negative bacteria with a complex developmental life cycle.

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Stigonemataceae

The Stigonemataceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Stochastic process

--> In probability theory and related fields, a stochastic or random process is a mathematical object usually defined as a collection of random variables.

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Stockfish

Stockfish is unsalted fish, especially cod, dried by cold air and wind on wooden racks (which is called "hjell" in Norway) on the foreshore.

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Stomach

The stomach (from ancient Greek στόμαχος, stomachos, stoma means mouth) is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates.

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Stomach cancer

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is cancer developing from the lining of the stomach.

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Stomach disease

Stomach diseases (or gastropathy) include gastritis, gastroparesis, diarrhea, Crohn's disease and various cancers.

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Stomatococcus mucilaginosus

Stomatococcus mucilaginous (now known as Rothia mucilaginosa) is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative, encapsulated, non-spore-forming and non-motile coccus, present in clusters, tetrads or pairs that is a part of the normal oropharyngeal flora.

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Stomoxyn

Stomoxyn is an insect antimicrobial peptide localised in the gut epithelium, which functions in killing a range of microorganisms, parasites and some viruses.

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Stone Aerospace

Stone Aerospace is an aerospace engineering firm founded by engineer and explorer Bill Stone, located in Del Valle, a suburb of Austin, Texas.

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Stone Canyon Reservoir

Stone Canyon Reservoir and Upper Stone Canyon Reservoir are adjoining reservoirs in the Westside district of Los Angeles, California, located in the neighborhood of Bel Air.

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Strain (biology)

In biology, a strain is a low-level taxonomic rank used at the intraspecific level (within a species).

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Strangles

Strangles (equine distemper) is a contagious upper respiratory tract infection of horses and other equines caused by a gram-positive bacterium, Streptococcus equi.

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Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence

Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence (SENS) is the term coined by British biogerontologist Aubrey de Grey for the diverse range of regenerative medical therapies, either planned or currently in development, for the periodical repair of all age-related damage to human tissue with the ultimate purpose of maintaining a state of negligible senescence in the patient, thereby postponing age-associated disease for as long as the therapies are reapplied.

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Stratification (vegetation)

Stratification in the field of ecology refers to the vertical layering of a habitat; the arrangement of vegetation in layers.

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Stratosphere

The stratosphere is the second major layer of Earth's atmosphere, just above the troposphere, and below the mesosphere.

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Streaking (microbiology)

In microbiology, streaking is a technique used to isolate a pure strain from a single species of microorganism, often bacteria.

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Stream metabolism

Stream metabolism, also known as aquatic ecosystem metabolism in lakes, can be expressed as net ecosystem productivity (NEP), the difference between gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER).

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Streblomastix

A symbiotic eukaryote that lives in the stomach of termites, and other insects, Streblomastix is a protist that helps to digest wood along with other protists.

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Streptamer

The Streptamer technology allows the reversible isolation and staining of antigen-specific T cells.

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Streptanthus polygaloides

Streptanthus polygaloides is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common name milkwort jewelflower.

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Streptavidin

Streptavidin is a 52.8 kDa protein purified from the bacterium Streptomyces avidinii.

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Streptoalloteichus

Streptoalloteichus is a genus of bacteria within the family Pseudonocardiaceae that contains two known species.

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Streptobacillus

Streptobacillus is a genus of aerobic, gram-negative facultative anaerobe bacteria, which grow in culture as rods in chains.

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Streptobacillus moniliformis

Streptobacillus moniliformis is a non-motile, Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that is a member of the family Leptotrichiaceae.

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Streptococcaceae

The Streptococcaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria, placed within the order Lactobacillales.

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Streptococcus agalactiae

Streptococcus agalactiae (also known as group B streptococcus or GBS) is a gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) with a tendency to form chains (as reflected by the genus name Streptococcus).

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Streptococcus anginosus

Streptococcus anginosus is a species of Streptococcus.

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Streptococcus anginosus group

The Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG), also known as the anginosus group streptococci (AGS) or the milleri group streptococci (MGS), are a group of several species of streptococci with clinical similarities.

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Streptococcus bovis

Streptococcus gallolyticus, formerly Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis), is a species of Gram-positive bacteria that in humans is associated with urinary tract infections, endocarditisRyan K.J. and C.G. Ray CG (editors).

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Streptococcus canis

Streptococcus canis is a group G beta-hemolytic species of Streptococcus.

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Streptococcus constellatus

Streptococcus constellatus is a species of Streptococcus part of the normal flora in the oral cavity, urogenital region, and intestinal tract.

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Streptococcus cricetus

Streptococcus cricetus is a species of Streptococcus.

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Streptococcus cristatus

Streptococcus cristatus is a species of viridans Streptococcus with tufted fibrils, first isolated from the human oral cavity and throat.

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Streptococcus downei

Streptococcus downei is a Gram-positive bacterium, with type strain MFe28 (NCTC 11391T).

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Streptococcus dysgalactiae

Streptococcus dysgalactiae is a gram positive, beta-haemolytic, coccal bacterium belonging to the family Streptococcaceae.

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Streptococcus equinus

Streptococcus equinus is a Gram-positive, nonhemolytic, nonpathogenic, lactic acid bacterium of the genus Streptococcus.

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Streptococcus equisimilis

Streptococcus equisimilis is a species of Streptococcus, initially described by Frost in 1936.

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Streptococcus ferus

Streptococcus ferus is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive species of the Streptococcus genus.

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Streptococcus gordonii

Streptococcus gordonii is a Gram-positive bacterium included among some of the initial colonizers of the periodontal environment.

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Streptococcus infantarius

Streptococcus infantarius is a species of bacteria.

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Streptococcus iniae

Streptococcus iniae is a species of Gram-positive, sphere-shaped bacterium belonging to the genus Streptococcus.

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Streptococcus intermedius

Streptococcus intermedius is an aerotolerant anaerobic commensal bacterium and a member of the Streptococcus anginosus group.

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Streptococcus lactarius

Streptococcus lactarius is a species of Streptococcus.

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Streptococcus mitior

Streptococcus mitior is a species of Streptococcus.

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Streptococcus mitis

Streptococcus mitis, previously known as Streptococcus mitior, is a mesophilic alpha-hemolytic species of Streptococcus that inhabits the human mouth.

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Streptococcus mutans

Streptococcus mutans is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay.

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Streptococcus oralis

Streptococcus oralis is a Gram positive bacterium that grows characteristically in chains.

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Streptococcus orisratti

Streptococcus orisratti is a species of oral Streptococcus bacteria first isolated from Sprague–Dawley rats, hence its name.

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Streptococcus parasanguinis

Streptococcus parasanguinis is a gram-positive bacterium of the genus Streptococcus that is classified as a member of the Streptococcus viridans group.

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Streptococcus peroris

Streptococcus peroris is a species of Streptococcus.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic (under aerobic conditions) or beta-hemolytic (under anaerobic conditions), facultative anaerobic member of the genus Streptococcus.

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Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae

Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae is a gram-positive coccus that may cause pneumonia in humans.

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Streptococcus pyogenes

Streptococcus pyogenes is a species of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Streptococcus ratti

Streptococcus ratti is a species of Streptococcus.

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Streptococcus salivarius

Streptococcus salivarius is a species of spherical, gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacteria that is both catalase and oxidase negative.

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Streptococcus sanguinis

Streptococcus sanguinis, formerly known as Streptococcus sanguis, is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobic coccus species of bacteria and a member of the Viridans Streptococcus group.

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Streptococcus sobrinus

Streptococcus sobrinus is a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-motile, and anaerobic member of the genus Streptococcus.

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Streptococcus suis

Streptococcus suis is a peanut-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium, and an important pathogen of pigs.

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Streptococcus thermophilus

Streptococcus thermophilus also known as Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus is a gram-positive bacterium, and a fermentative facultative anaerobe, of the viridans group.

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Streptococcus tigurinus

Streptococcus tigurinus is a novel member of the genus Streptococcus that was first discovered in 2012 by Swedish researchers.

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Streptococcus uberis

Streptococcus uberis is a species of Streptococcus.

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Streptococcus vestibularis

Streptococcus vestibularis is a species of Streptococcus.

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Streptococcus zooepidemicus

Streptococcus zooepidemicus is a Lancefield group C streptococcus that was first isolated in 1934 by P. R. Edwards, and named Animal pyogens A. It’s a mucosal commensal and opportunistic pathogen that infects several animals and humans, but most commonly isolated from the uterus of Mares.

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Streptokinase

Streptokinase (SK) is a thrombolytic medication and enzyme.

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Streptolydigin

No description.

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Streptomonospora

Streptomonospora is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Nocardiopsaceae.

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Streptomonospora alba

Streptomonospora alba is a halophilic species of bacteria.

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Streptomonospora amylolytica

Streptomonospora amylolytica is a species of bacterium.

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Streptomonospora flavalba

Streptomonospora flavalba is a bacterium.

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Streptomonospora salina

Streptomonospora salina is a bacterium.

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Streptomyces

Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinobacteria and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae.

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Streptomyces abietis

Streptomyces abietis is a cellulolytic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which was isolated from topsoil of a pine forest from the Hokkaido prefecture in Japan.

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Streptomyces abikoensis

Streptomyces abikoensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which produces the antibiotic abikoviromycin.

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Streptomyces aburaviensis

Streptomyces aburaviensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which was isolated from soil from Aburabi from the Shiga Prefecture in Japan.

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Streptomyces abyssalis

Streptomyces abyssalis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from deep sea sediments in the South China Sea on the Xisha Islands in China.

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Streptomyces achromogenes

Streptomyces achromogenes is a species of gram-positive bacterium that belongs in the genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces acidiscabies

Streptomyces acidiscabies is a streptomycete bacterium species, causing a scab disease of potatoes.

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Streptomyces acrimycini

Streptomyces acrimycini is a bacterial species from the genus Streptomyces, isolated from soil of the Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan.

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Streptomyces actinomycinicus

Streptomyces actinomycinicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from a peat swamp forest in the Rayong Province in Thailand.

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Streptomyces actuosus

Streptomyces actuosus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces aculeolatus

Streptomyces aculeolatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Tottori prefecture in Japan.

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Streptomyces afghaniensis

Streptomyces afghaniensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Afghanistan.

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Streptomyces africanus

Streptomyces africanus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Cape Town in South Africa.

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Streptomyces aidingensis

Streptomyces aidingensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from sediments of the Aiding Lake in Tulufan Basin in north-west China.

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Streptomyces alanosinicus

Streptomyces alanosinicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which was isolated from soil in Brazil.

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Streptomyces albaduncus

Streptomyces albaduncus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces albiaxialis

Streptomyces albiaxialis is a halotolerant bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from an oil field in Russia.

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Streptomyces albidochromogenes

Streptomyces albidochromogenes is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces albidoflavus

Streptomyces albidoflavus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Poland.

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Streptomyces albiflavescens

Streptomyces albiflavescens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from rainforest areas in the Yunnan Province in the south west of China.

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Streptomyces albiflaviniger

Streptomyces albiflaviniger is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces albofaciens

Streptomyces albofaciens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which produces oxytetracycline, spiramycin, albopeptin A, albopeptin B and alpomycin.

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Streptomyces alboflavus

Streptomyces alboflavus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which produces oxytetracycline, tetracycline and desertomycin A.

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Streptomyces albogriseolus

Streptomyces albogriseolus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces albolongus

Streptomyces albolongus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces alboniger

Streptomyces alboniger is a bacterium species in the genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces albospinus

Streptomyces albospinus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Akita City in Japan.

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Streptomyces albulus

Streptomyces albulus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces albus

Streptomyces albus is a bacterial species from which the pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside salbostatin was isolated.

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Streptomyces aldersoniae

Streptomyces aldersoniae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces alfalfae

Streptomyces alfalfae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from an alfalfa field in Jingyang in China.

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Streptomyces alkalithermotolerans

Streptomyces alkalithermotolerans is a alkaliphilic and thermotolerant bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the Lonar soda lake in India.

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Streptomyces almquistii

Streptomyces almquistii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces alni

Streptomyces alni is a Gram-positive, aerobic, mesophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from roots of the tree Alnus nepalensis in Xishuangbanna on the Nannuo Mountain in China.

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Streptomyces althioticus

Streptomyces althioticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces amakusaensis

Streptomyces amakusaensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Amakusa Island in Japan.

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Streptomyces ambofaciens

Streptomyces ambofaciens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from France.

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Streptomyces amritsarensis

Streptomyces amritsarensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Punjab in India.

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Streptomyces anandii

Streptomyces anandii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from in the region of Al-Taif in Saudi Arabia.

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Streptomyces angustmyceticus

Streptomyces angustmyceticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces anthocyanicus

Streptomyces anthocyanicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which was isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces antibioticus

Streptomyces antibioticus (previously known as Actinomyces antibioticus) is a gram-positive bacterium discovered in 1941 by Nobel-prize-winner Selman Waksman and H. Boyd Woodruff.

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Streptomyces antimycoticus

Streptomyces antimycoticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from composted soil.

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Streptomyces anulatus

Streptomyces anulatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces aomiensis

Streptomyces aomiensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which was isolated from soil from Aomi in Tokyo in Japan.

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Streptomyces araujoniae

Streptomyces araujoniae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a potato tubercle.

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Streptomyces ardus

Streptomyces ardus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces arenae

Streptomyces arenae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Illinois in the United States.

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Streptomyces armeniacus

Streptomyces armeniacus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces artemisiae

Streptomyces artemisiae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the plant Artemisia annua L. in the Yunnan Province in China.

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Streptomyces ascomycinicus

Streptomyces ascomycinicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Kobe City in Japan.

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Streptomyces asiaticus

Streptomyces asiaticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the ectorhizosphere from the plant Falcataria moluccana (.

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Streptomyces asterosporus

Streptomyces asterosporus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces atacamensis

Streptomyces atacamensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Atacama Desert in Valle de la Luna in Chile.

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Streptomyces atratus

Streptomyces atratus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Shimoneda in Japan.

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Streptomyces atriruber

Streptomyces atriruber is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a equine placenta in Lexington in Kentucky in the United States.

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Streptomyces atroolivaceus

Streptomyces atroolivaceus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces atrovirens

Streptomyces atrovirens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which was isolated from soil in Egypt.

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Streptomyces aurantiacus

Streptomyces aurantiacus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which produces aurantin, pamamycin-621, aurantimycin A, aurantimycin B, aurantimycin C, aurantimycin D, dihydronancimycin and ancimycin.

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Streptomyces aurantiogriseus

Streptomyces aurantiogriseus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces auratus

Streptomyces auratus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces aureocirculatus

Streptomyces aureocirculatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces aureofaciens

Streptomyces aureofaciens is a species of Streptomyces, and the source of many tetracycline antibiotics.

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Streptomyces aureorectus

Streptomyces aureorectus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces aureoverticillatus

Streptomyces aureoverticillatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces aureus

Streptomyces aureus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the United Kingdom.

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Streptomyces avellaneus

Streptomyces avellaneus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from in Italy.

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Streptomyces avermitilis

Streptomyces avermitilis is a bacterium species in the genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces avicenniae

Streptomyces avicenniae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the rhizosphere of the plant Avicennia marina in the Fujian Province in China.

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Streptomyces avidinii

Streptomyces avidinii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which produces streptavidin.

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Streptomyces axinellae

Streptomyces axinellae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the sponge Axinella polypoides in Banyuls-sur-Mer in France.

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Streptomyces azureus

Streptomyces azureus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces bacillaris

Streptomyces bacillaris is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from forest soil in Oregon in the United States.

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Streptomyces badius

Streptomyces badius is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Kaukasus in Russia.

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Streptomyces baliensis

Streptomyces baliensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Bali Botanic Garden on the Bali Island in Indonesia.

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Streptomyces bambergiensis

Streptomyces bambergiensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces bangladeshensis

Streptomyces bangladeshensis is a thermophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Natore in Bangladesh.

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Streptomyces barkulensis

Streptomyces barkulensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from water sediments near the Chilika Lake in the Barkul village in Odisha in India.

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Streptomyces beijiangensis

Streptomyces beijiangensis is a psychrotolerant bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Beijiang from the Xin Jiang Province in China.

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Streptomyces bellus

Streptomyces bellus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces bikiniensis

Streptomyces bikiniensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has isolated from soil from the island Bikini atoll.

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Streptomyces blastmyceticus

Streptomyces blastmyceticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in the Chichibu District in Japan.

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Streptomyces bluensis

Streptomyces bluensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which produces bluensomycin.

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Streptomyces bobili

Streptomyces bobili is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from garden soil.

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Streptomyces bottropensis

Streptomyces bottropensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces brasiliensis

Streptomyces brasiliensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces brevispora

Streptomyces brevispora is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Cockle Park Experimental Farm in Northumberland in the United Kingdom.

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Streptomyces bullii

Streptomyces bullii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Atacama Desert in Salar de Atacama in Chile.

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Streptomyces bungoensis

Streptomyces bungoensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has isolated from soil from Japan.

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Streptomyces burgazadensis

Streptomyces burgazadensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Marmara Sea in Burgazada in Istanbul in Turkey.

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Streptomyces cacaoi

Streptomyces cacaoi is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces caelestis

Streptomyces caelestis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Utah in the United States.

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Streptomyces caeruleatus

Streptomyces caeruleatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from a tomato plant in Guangzhou in China.

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Streptomyces caespitosus

Streptomyces caespitosus is a species of actinobacteria.

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Streptomyces calidiresistens

Streptomyces calidiresistens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from hot spring sediment from the Hehua hot spring in Tengchong in China.

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Streptomyces calvus

Streptomyces calvus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Dinepur in India.

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Streptomyces canarius

Streptomyces canarius is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces canchipurensis

Streptomyces canchipurensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a limestone habitat in Manipur in India.

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Streptomyces candidus

Streptomyces candidus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces cangkringensis

Streptomyces cangkringensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from the plant Falcataria moluccana (.

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Streptomyces caniferus

Streptomyces caniferus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces canus

Streptomyces canus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in the US.

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Streptomyces capillispiralis

Streptomyces capillispiralis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which was isolated from soil in Sweden.

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Streptomyces capoamus

Streptomyces capoamus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Iceland.

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Streptomyces carpaticus

Streptomyces carpaticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces carpinensis

Streptomyces carpinensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Carpina in Pernambuco in Brazil.

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Streptomyces castelarensis

Streptomyces castelarensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from dust in Castelar in Argentina.

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Streptomyces catbensis

Streptomyces catbensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Cat Ba Island in Vietnam.

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Streptomyces catenulae

Streptomyces catenulae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces cattleya

Streptomyces cattleya is a Gram-positive bacterium which makes cephamycin, penicillin and thienamycin.

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Streptomyces cavourensis

Streptomyces cavourensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Italy.

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Streptomyces cellostaticus

Streptomyces cellostaticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces celluloflavus

Streptomyces celluloflavus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces cellulolyticus

Streptomyces cellulolyticus is a cellulolytic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces cellulosae

Streptomyces cellulosae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from garden soil.

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Streptomyces chartreusis

Streptomyces chartreusis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Africa.

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Streptomyces chattanoogensis

Streptomyces chattanoogensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Tennessee in the United States.

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Streptomyces cheonanensis

Streptomyces cheonanensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from radish growing soil in Cheonan in Korea.

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Streptomyces chiangmaiensis

Streptomyces chiangmaiensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the bee Tetragonilla collina in the Chiang Mai Province in Thailand.

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Streptomyces chilikensis

Streptomyces chilikensis is a halophilic and alkali tolerant bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from brackish water sediment from the Chilika Lake in Chandrapur in the Khurdha district of Odisha in India.

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Streptomyces chlorus

Streptomyces chlorus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from hay meadow soil from the Cockle Park Experimental Farm in Northumberland in the United Kingdom.

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Streptomyces chrestomyceticus

Streptomyces chrestomyceticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces chromofuscus

Streptomyces chromofuscus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces chryseus

Streptomyces chryseus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces chumphonensis

Streptomyces chumphonensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from marine sediments from the Chumphon province in Thailand.

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Streptomyces cinereorectus

Streptomyces cinereorectus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces cinereoruber

Streptomyces cinereoruber is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces cinereospinus

Streptomyces cinereospinus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces cinereus

Streptomyces cinereus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces cinerochromogenes

Streptomyces cinerochromogenes is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Tama Graveyard in Tokyo in Japan.

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Streptomyces cinnabarinus

Streptomyces cinnabarinus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from a hot climate area.

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Streptomyces cinnamonensis

Streptomyces cinnamonensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces cinnamoneus

Streptomyces cinnamoneus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces cirratus

Streptomyces cirratus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces ciscaucasicus

Streptomyces ciscaucasicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces clavifer

Streptomyces clavifer is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a Potato.

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Streptomyces clavuligerus

Streptomyces clavuligerus is a species of Gram-positive bacterium notable for producing clavulanic acid.

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Streptomyces coacervatus

Streptomyces coacervatus is a Gram-positive bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the intestinal tract of the common pill-bug Armadillidium vulgare in Chiba City in Japan.

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Streptomyces cocklensis

Streptomyces cocklensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Cockle Park Experimental Farm in Northumberland in the United Kingdom.

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Streptomyces coelescens

Streptomyces coelescens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces coelicoflavus

Streptomyces coelicoflavus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces coelicolor

Streptomyces coelicolor is a soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium that belongs to the genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces coeruleoflavus

Streptomyces coeruleoflavus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces coeruleofuscus

Streptomyces coeruleofuscus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil ind Daghestan.

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Streptomyces coeruleoprunus

Streptomyces coeruleoprunus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces coeruleorubidus

Streptomyces coeruleorubidus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from marine sediment.

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Streptomyces coerulescens

Streptomyces coerulescens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces collinus

Streptomyces collinus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Baden in Germany.

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Streptomyces colombiensis

Streptomyces colombiensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces corchorusii

Streptomyces corchorusii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces costaricanus

Streptomyces costaricanus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from nematode suppressive soil in Costa Rica.

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Streptomyces cremeus

Streptomyces cremeus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the Caucasus region in Russia.

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Streptomyces crystallinus

Streptomyces crystallinus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces cuspidosporus

Streptomyces cuspidosporus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Kyoto in Japan.

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Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus

Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Daghestan in Russia.

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Streptomyces cyaneus

Streptomyces cyaneus is an actinobacterium species in the genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces cyanoalbus

Streptomyces cyanoalbus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces daghestanicus

Streptomyces daghestanicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Daghestan in Russia.

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Streptomyces daliensi

Streptomyces daliensi is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Dali in the Yunnan Province in China.

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Streptomyces deccanensis

Streptomyces deccanensis is an alkaliphilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in the city Gulbarga in the Karnataka in India.

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Streptomyces decoyicus

Streptomyces decoyicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from garden soil in California in the United States.

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Streptomyces demainii

Streptomyces demainii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces deserti

Streptomyces deserti is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from hyper-arid desert soil.

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Streptomyces diastaticus

Streptomyces diastaticus is an alkaliphilic and thermophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces diastatochromogenes

Streptomyces diastatochromogenes is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces djakartensis

Streptomyces djakartensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Djakarta on Java in Indonesia.

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Streptomyces drozdowiczii

Streptomyces drozdowiczii is a cellulolytic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Mata Atlântica forest in Brazil.

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Streptomyces durhamensis

Streptomyces durhamensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from a tomato plant.

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Streptomyces durmitorensis

Streptomyces durmitorensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Durmitor National Park in Serbia and Montenegro.

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Streptomyces echinatus

Streptomyces echinatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which was isolated from soil in Angola.

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Streptomyces echinoruber

Streptomyces echinoruber is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which was isolated from soil in Argentina.

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Streptomyces ederensis

Streptomyces ederensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces emeiensis

Streptomyces emeiensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Emei Mountainin in the Sichuan Province in China.

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Streptomyces endophyticus

Streptomyces endophyticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from roots of the plant Artemisia annua L. in Kunming in the Yunnan province in China.

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Streptomyces endus

Streptomyces endus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Cache River Valley in the United States.

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Streptomyces enissocaesilis

Streptomyces enissocaesilis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces erringtonii

Streptomyces erringtonii is a filamentous bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from hay meadow soil from the Cockle Park Experimental Farm in Northumberland in the United Kingdom.

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Streptomyces erythrogriseus

Streptomyces erythrogriseus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces eurocidicus

Streptomyces eurocidicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces europaeiscabiei

Streptomyces europaeiscabiei or is a streptomycete bacterium species that is associated with common scab in potatoes.

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Streptomyces eurythermus

Streptomyces eurythermus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Cuanza in Angola.

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Streptomyces exfoliatus

Streptomyces exfoliatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces fenghuangensis

Streptomyces fenghuangensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from seawater near Sanya in China.

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Streptomyces ferralitis

Streptomyces ferralitis is a Gram-positive, aerobic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from ultramafic soil in New Caledonia.

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Streptomyces filamentosus

Streptomyces filamentosus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces fildesensis

Streptomyces fildesensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from antarctic soil.

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Streptomyces filipinensis

Streptomyces filipinensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil on the Philippines.

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Streptomyces fimbriatus

Streptomyces fimbriatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces finlayi

Streptomyces finlayi is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the plant Trifolium alexandrinum in Russia.

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Streptomyces flaveolus

Streptomyces flaveolus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces flaveus

Streptomyces flaveus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces flavofungini

Streptomyces flavofungini is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from desert sand.

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Streptomyces flavotricini

Streptomyces flavotricini is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from mountain forest soil.

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Streptomyces flavovariabilis

Streptomyces flavovariabilis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Tayga in Sibiria in Russia.

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Streptomyces flavovirens

Streptomyces flavovirens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces flavoviridis

Streptomyces flavoviridis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces fradiae

Streptomyces fradiae is a species of Actinobacteria.

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Streptomyces fragilis

Streptomyces fragilis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Argentina.

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Streptomyces fukangensis

Streptomyces fukangensis is an alkaliphilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from desert soil from Xinjiang in China.

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Streptomyces fulvissimus

Streptomyces fulvissimus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces fulvorobeus

Streptomyces fulvorobeus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces fumanus

Streptomyces fumanus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from alluvial soil.

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Streptomyces fumigatiscleroticus

Streptomyces fumigatiscleroticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces galbus

Streptomyces galbus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from West Bengal.

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Streptomyces galilaeus

Streptomyces galilaeus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the United States.

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Streptomyces gancidicus

Streptomyces gancidicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces gardneri

Streptomyces gardneri is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces gelaticus

Streptomyces gelaticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces geldanamycininus

Streptomyces geldanamycininus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces geysiriensis

Streptomyces geysiriensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces ghanaensis

Streptomyces ghanaensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Ghana.

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Streptomyces glaucescens

Streptomyces glaucescens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces glauciniger

Streptomyces glauciniger is a mesophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in south China.

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Streptomyces glaucosporus

Streptomyces glaucosporus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces glaucus

Streptomyces glaucus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces globisporus

Streptomyces globisporus is a soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium.

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Streptomyces globosus

Streptomyces globosus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces glomeratus

Streptomyces glomeratus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces glomeroaurantiacus

Streptomyces glomeroaurantiacus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces glycovorans

Streptomyces glycovorans is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from marine sediments of the South China Sea near the Xisha Islands in China.

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Streptomyces gobitricini

Streptomyces gobitricini is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces goshikiensis

Streptomyces goshikiensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces gougerotii

Streptomyces gougerotii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces graminearus

Streptomyces graminearus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces gramineus

Streptomyces gramineus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the plant Sasa borealis.

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Streptomyces graminifolii

Streptomyces graminifolii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the plant Sasa borealis.

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Streptomyces graminilatus

Streptomyces graminilatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the plant Sasa borealis in Damyang in Korea.

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Streptomyces graminisoli

Streptomyces graminisoli is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated together with Streptomyces rhizophilus from rhizosphere soil from the plant Sasa borealis.

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Streptomyces griseiniger

Streptomyces griseiniger is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated in Australia.

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Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus

Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus is a thermotolerant bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which was isolated from marine sediment.

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Streptomyces griseocarneus

Streptomyces griseocarneus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces griseochromogenes

Streptomyces griseochromogenes is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces griseoflavus

Streptomyces griseoflavus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from garden soil.

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Streptomyces griseofuscus

Streptomyces griseofuscus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces griseoincarnatus

Streptomyces griseoincarnatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces griseoloalbus

Streptomyces griseoloalbus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces griseolus

Streptomyces griseolus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces griseoluteus

Streptomyces griseoluteus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Tokyo in Japan.

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Streptomyces griseomycini

Streptomyces griseomycini is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces griseoplanus

Streptomyces griseoplanus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from grassland soil in Iowa in the United States.

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Streptomyces griseorubens

Streptomyces griseorubens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces griseoruber

Streptomyces griseoruber is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces griseorubiginosus

Streptomyces griseorubiginosus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces griseosporeus

Streptomyces griseosporeus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces griseostramineus

Streptomyces griseostramineus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces griseoviridis

Streptomyces griseoviridis is a filamentous bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Texas in the United States.

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Streptomyces griseus

Streptomyces griseus is a species of bacteria in the genus Streptomyces commonly found in soil.

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Streptomyces guanduensis

Streptomyces guanduensis is a acidophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyceswhich has been isolated from pine forest soil from Guandu in the Yunnan Province in China.

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Streptomyces gulbargensis

Streptomyces gulbargensis is an alkalitolerant and thermotolerant bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Gulbarga in the Karnataka in India.

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Streptomyces hainanensis

Streptomyces hainanensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in from the island Hainan in China.

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Streptomyces haliclonae

Streptomyces haliclonae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the sponge Haliclona sp in the Chiba prefecture from the coast of Tateyama City in Japan.

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Streptomyces halophytocola

Streptomyces halophytocola is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolatedfrom the tree Tamarix chinensis in Nantong in the Jiangsu province in China.

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Streptomyces halstedii

Streptomyces halstedii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from deeper soil layers.

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Streptomyces harbinensis

Streptomyces harbinensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from roots of the soybean Glycine max in Harbin in the Heilongjiang province in China.

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Streptomyces hawaiiensis

Streptomyces hawaiiensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Hawaii in the United States.

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Streptomyces hebeiensis

Streptomyces hebeiensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Hebei province in China.

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Streptomyces heilongjiangensis

Streptomyces heilongjiangensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the root surface of the soybean Glycine max in Hulin in the Heilongjiang province in China.

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Streptomyces heliomycini

Streptomyces heliomycini is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces helvaticus

Streptomyces helvaticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces herbaceus

Streptomyces herbaceus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil of a hay meadow from the Cockle Park Experimental Farm in Northumberland in the United Kingdom.

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Streptomyces herbaricolor

Streptomyces herbaricolor is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces himastatinicus

Streptomyces himastatinicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces hiroshimensis

Streptomyces hiroshimensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces hirsutus

Streptomyces hirsutus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Switzerland.

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Streptomyces hokutonensis

Streptomyces hokutonensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from rhizosphere roots from strawberries in Hokuto, Yamanashi in Japan.

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Streptomyces hoynatensis

Streptomyces hoynatensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from marine sediment from the Black Sea in Turkey.

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Streptomyces humidus

Streptomyces humidus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which was isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces humiferus

Streptomyces humiferus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil near Moscow in Russia.

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Streptomyces hundungensis

Streptomyces hundungensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a quarry in Tangkhul Hundung in Manipur in India Streptomyces hundungensis has antifungal activity.

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Streptomyces hyderabadensis

Streptomyces hyderabadensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from farm soil in Andhra Pradesh in India.

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Streptomyces hygroscopicus

Streptomyces hygroscopicus is a bacterial species in the genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces hypolithicus

Streptomyces hypolithicus is a filamentous bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Miers Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Eastern Antarctica.

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Streptomyces iakyrus

Streptomyces iakyrus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soilDeutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen Streptomyces iakyrus produces actinomycin G2, actinomycin G3, actinomycin G4, actinomycin G5, actinomycin G6, iakirine I, iakirine II and iakirine III.

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Streptomyces iconiensis

Streptomyces iconiensis is a halotolerant bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from a salt lake in Konya in Turkey.

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Streptomyces incanus

Streptomyces incanus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil of a hay meadow from the Cockle Park Experimental Farm in Northumberland in the United Kingdom.

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Streptomyces indiaensis

Streptomyces indiaensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in India.

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Streptomyces indicus

Streptomyces indicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from deep sea sediments from the Indian Ocean in India.

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Streptomyces indigoferus

Streptomyces indigoferus is a bacterial species of the genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces indonesiensis

Streptomyces indonesiensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the tree Paraserianthes falcataria from Yogyakarta on Java in Indonesia.

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Streptomyces intermedius

Streptomyces intermedius is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which was isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces inusitatus

Streptomyces inusitatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces ipomoeae

Streptomyces ipomoeae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has beein isolated from rot from potatoes.

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Streptomyces iranensis

Streptomyces iranensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from rhizospherical soil in Isfahan in Iran.

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Streptomyces isolates

Streptomyces isolates have yielded the majority of human, animal, and agricultural antibiotics, as well as a number of fundamental chemotherapy medicines.

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Streptomyces janthinus

Streptomyces janthinus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces javensis

Streptomyces javensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces jietaisiensis

Streptomyces jietaisiensis is an actinomycete, with tpe strain FXJ46T (.

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Streptomyces jiujiangensis

Streptomyces jiujiangensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from a pine tree from the Mount Lu in the Jiangxi province in China.

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Streptomyces kaempferi

Streptomyces kaempferi is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from hay meadow soil from the Cockle Park Experimental Farm in Northumberland in the United Kingdom.

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Streptomyces kanamyceticus

Streptomyces kanamyceticus is a bacterial species in the genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces karpasiensis

Streptomyces karpasiensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Karpaz National Park in Magusa in Cyprus.

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Streptomyces kasugaensis

Streptomyces kasugaensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the city Nara in Japan.

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Streptomyces katrae

Streptomyces katrae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in India.

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Streptomyces kebangsaanensis

Streptomyces kebangsaanensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the plant Portulaca oleracea in the Nenasi Reserve Forest in Pahang in Malaysia.

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Streptomyces klenkii

Streptomyces klenkii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from deep marine sediments from the Black Sea near the Ordu Province in Turkey.

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Streptomyces koyangensis

Streptomyces koyangensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from radish soil in Koyang in Korea.

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Streptomyces kunmingensis

Streptomyces kunmingensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Dagyanlow's Lake in Kunming in China.

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Streptomyces kurssanovii

Streptomyces kurssanovii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces labedae

Streptomyces labedae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces lacticiproducens

Streptomyces lacticiproducens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the rhizosphere of a tomato plant in Guangzhou in China.

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Streptomyces laculatispora

Streptomyces laculatispora is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Cockle Park Experimantol Farm in Northumberland in the United Kingdom.

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Streptomyces lanatus

Streptomyces lanatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces lannensis

Streptomyces lannensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the bee Tetragonilla collina in the Chiang Mai Province in Thailand.

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Streptomyces lateritius

Streptomyces lateritius is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces laurentii

Streptomyces laurentii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces lavendofoliae

Streptomyces lavendofoliae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces lavendulae

Streptomyces lavendulae is a species of bacteria from the genus ''Streptomyces''.

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Streptomyces lavenduligriseus

Streptomyces lavenduligriseus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces lavendulocolor

Streptomyces lavendulocolor is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces leeuwenhoekii

Streptomyces leeuwenhoekii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from hyper-arid desert soil from Salar de Atacama in Chile.

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Streptomyces levis

Streptomyces levis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces libani

Streptomyces libani is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which was isolated from soil from Biblos in Lebanon.

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Streptomyces lienomycini

Streptomyces lienomycini is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces lilacinus

Streptomyces lilacinus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been from soil.

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Streptomyces lincolnensis

Streptomyces lincolnensis is a bacterium species in the type genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces litmocidini

Streptomyces litmocidini is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces lomondensis

Streptomyces lomondensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces longisporoflavus

Streptomyces longisporoflavus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces longispororuber

Streptomyces longispororuber is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces longisporus

Streptomyces longisporus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces longwoodensis

Streptomyces longwoodensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil the Longwood Gardens in Philadelphia in the United States.

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Streptomyces lopnurensis

Streptomyces lopnurensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Lop Nur in the Xinjiang Province in China.

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Streptomyces lucensis

Streptomyces lucensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces lunaelactis

Streptomyces lunaelactis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from moonmilk speleothem from a cave in Comblain-au-Pont in Belgium.

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Streptomyces lunalinharesii

Streptomyces lunalinharesii is a chitinolytic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Brazil.

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Streptomyces luridiscabiei

Streptomyces luridiscabiei is a streptomycete bacterium species known to cause potato common scab disease in Korea.

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Streptomyces luridus

Streptomyces luridus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces lusitanus

Streptomyces lusitanus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces luteireticuli

Streptomyces luteireticuli is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces luteogriseus

Streptomyces luteogriseus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces luteosporeus

Streptomyces luteosporeus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces lydicus

Streptomyces lydicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in the United States.

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Streptomyces macrosporus

Streptomyces macrosporus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from sewage, compost and soil.

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Streptomyces malachitofuscus

Streptomyces malachitofuscus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces malachitospinus

Streptomyces malachitospinus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces malaysiensis

Streptomyces malaysiensis is a streptomycete bacterium species.

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Streptomyces mangrovi

Streptomyces mangrovi is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from mangrove soil from the Dongzhaigang National Nature Reserve from the Haikou City, in China.

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Streptomyces marinus

Streptomyces marinus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the sponge Haliclona sp. from the coastline from the city Tateyama in Japan.

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Streptomyces marokkonensis

Streptomyces marokkonensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the tree Argania spinosa in Morocco.

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Streptomyces mashuensis

Streptomyces mashuensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces massasporeus

Streptomyces massasporeus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces matensis

Streptomyces matensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from sea sand from Sicily in Italy.

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Streptomyces mauvecolor

Streptomyces mauvecolor is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces mayteni

Streptomyces mayteni is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from roots from the plant Maytenus austroyunnanensis.

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Streptomyces megasporus

Streptomyces megasporus is a thermophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces melanogenes

Streptomyces melanogenes is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces melanosporofaciens

Streptomyces melanosporofaciens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Italy.

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Streptomyces mexicanus

Streptomyces mexicanus is a xylanolytic and thermophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from a sugar cane field in Mexico.

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Streptomyces michiganensis

Streptomyces michiganensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in the United States.

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Streptomyces microflavus

Streptomyces microflavus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces milbemycinicus

Streptomyces milbemycinicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces minutiscleroticus

Streptomyces minutiscleroticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces mirabilis

Streptomyces mirabilis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces misakiensis

Streptomyces misakiensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces misionensis

Streptomyces misionensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces mobaraensis

Streptomyces mobaraensis is a spore forming bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces monomycini

Streptomyces monomycini is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces mordarskii

Streptomyces mordarskii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces morookaense

Streptomyces morookaense is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces muensis

Streptomyces muensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated frim a limestone quarry from Tangkhul Hundung in Manipur in India.

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Streptomyces murinus

Streptomyces murinus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces mutabilis

Streptomyces mutabilis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces mutomycini

Streptomyces mutomycini is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces naganishii

Streptomyces naganishii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces nanhaiensis

Streptomyces nanhaiensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from deep sea sediments from the northern South China Sea in China.

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Streptomyces nanshensis

Streptomyces nanshensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from marine sediments from the South China Sea near the Nansha Islands in China.

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Streptomyces narbonensis

Streptomyces narbonensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in France.

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Streptomyces nashvillensis

Streptomyces nashvillensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces natalensis

Streptomyces natalensis is a bacterial species in the genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces netropsis

Streptomyces netropsis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces neyagawaensis

Streptomyces neyagawaensis is an Actinobacteria species in the antibiotic producing genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces niger

Streptomyces niger is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces nigrescens

Streptomyces nigrescens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces nitrosporeus

Streptomyces nitrosporeus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from garden soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces niveiciscabiei

Streptomyces niveiciscabiei is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from common scab from potatoes in Korea.

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Streptomyces niveiscabiei

Streptomyces niveiscabiei is a streptomycete bacterium species known to cause potato common scab disease in Korea.

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Streptomyces niveoruber

Streptomyces niveoruber is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which was isolated from soil from Grimsby in England.

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Streptomyces niveus

Streptomyces niveus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in the United States.

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Streptomyces noboritoensis

Streptomyces noboritoensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces nodosus

Streptomyces nodosus is a bacterial species in the genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces nogalater

Streptomyces nogalater is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces nojiriensis

Streptomyces nojiriensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Lake Nojiri in Japan.

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Streptomyces noursei

Streptomyces noursei is a bacterium species in the genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces novaecaesareae

Streptomyces novaecaesareae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in the United States.

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Streptomyces ochraceiscleroticus

Streptomyces ochraceiscleroticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces olivaceiscleroticus

Streptomyces olivaceiscleroticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces olivaceoviridis

Streptomyces olivaceoviridis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces olivaceus

Streptomyces olivaceus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces olivochromogenes

Streptomyces olivochromogenes is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces olivomycini

Streptomyces olivomycini is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces olivoverticillatus

Streptomyces olivoverticillatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces omiyaensis

Streptomyces omiyaensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces orinoci

Streptomyces orinoci is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces osmaniensis

Streptomyces osmaniensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from garden soil at the Osmania University in Hyderabad in India.

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Streptomyces pactum

Streptomyces pactum is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces panacagri

Streptomyces panacagri is a Gram-positive, spore-forming and aerobic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from a ginseng field in the Pocheon in South Korea.

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Streptomyces panaciradicis

Streptomyces panaciradicis is a Gram-positive bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the rhizoplane from a ginseng plant.

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Streptomyces paradoxus

Streptomyces paradoxus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Russia.

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Streptomyces parvulus

Streptomyces parvulus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces parvus

Streptomyces parvus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from garden soil.

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Streptomyces pathocidini

Streptomyces pathocidini is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces paucisporeus

Streptomyces paucisporeus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from acidic soil from the Yunnan Province in China.

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Streptomyces pentaticus

Streptomyces pentaticus is a bacterium species in the genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces peucetius

Streptomyces peucetius is a bacterium species in the genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces phaeochromogenes

Streptomyces phaeochromogenes is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces phaeofaciens

Streptomyces phaeofaciens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes

Streptomyces phaeogriseichromatogenes is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Sri Lanka.

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Streptomyces phaeoluteichromatogenes

Streptomyces phaeoluteichromatogenes is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces phaeoluteigriseus

Streptomyces phaeoluteigriseus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces phaeopurpureus

Streptomyces phaeopurpureus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces pharetrae

Streptomyces pharetrae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Western Cape Province in South Africa.

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Streptomyces pharmamarensis

Streptomyces pharmamarensis is a Gram-positive bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from marine sediment at the Mediterranean Sea near the Italian island of Sicily.

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Streptomyces phytohabitans

Streptomyces phytohabitans is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the plant Curcuma phaeocaulis from the Sichuan Province in China.

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Streptomyces pilosus

Streptomyces pilosus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Rome in Italy.

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Streptomyces platensis

Streptomyces platensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces plicatus

Streptomyces plicatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces plumbiresistens

Streptomyces plumbiresistens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from with lead contaminated soil in Huixian in the Gansu Province in China.

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Streptomyces pluricolorescens

Streptomyces pluricolorescens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces pluripotens

Streptomyces pluripotens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from mangrove soil from the Tanjung Lumpur river in Malaysia.

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Streptomyces polyantibioticus

Streptomyces polyantibioticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from a riverbank from the Umgeni River from the KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa.

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Streptomyces polychromogenes

Streptomyces polychromogenes is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Venezuela.

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Streptomyces polymachus

Streptomyces polymachus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Bongnae Falls in South Korea.

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Streptomyces poonensis

Streptomyces poonensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces prasinopilosus

Streptomyces prasinopilosus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil on Mallorca in Spain.

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Streptomyces prasinosporus

Streptomyces prasinosporus is a green-spored bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in India.

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Streptomyces prasinus

Streptomyces prasinus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil on Mallorca in Spain.

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Streptomyces pratens

Streptomyces pratens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from a hay meadow.

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Streptomyces pratensis

Streptomyces pratensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces prunicolor

Streptomyces prunicolor is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces psammoticus

Streptomyces psammoticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces pseudoechinosporeus

Streptomyces pseudoechinosporeus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from sandy desert soil.

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Streptomyces pseudogriseolus

Streptomyces pseudogriseolus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces pseudovenezuelae

Streptomyces pseudovenezuelae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from lead polluted soil in China.

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Streptomyces pulveraceus

Streptomyces pulveraceus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Fukuchiyama in Japan.

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Streptomyces puniceus

Streptomyces puniceus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces puniciscabiei

Streptomyces puniciscabiei is a streptomycete bacterium species known to cause potato common scab disease in Korea.

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Streptomyces purpeofuscus

Streptomyces purpeofuscus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces purpurascens

Streptomyces purpurascens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces purpureus

Streptomyces purpureus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces purpurogeneiscleroticus

Streptomyces purpurogeneiscleroticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces qinglanensis

Streptomyces qinglanensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from mangrove soil from Wenchang in the Hainan in China.

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Streptomyces racemochromogenes

Streptomyces racemochromogenes is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces radiopugnans

Streptomyces radiopugnans is a halotolerant and radiation resistant bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from radiation polluted soil from the Xinjiang Province in China.

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Streptomyces rameus

Streptomyces rameus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Tokyo in Japan.

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Streptomyces ramulosus

Streptomyces ramulosus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces rapamycinicus

Streptomyces rapamycinicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Easter island.

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Streptomyces recifensis

Streptomyces recifensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Recife in Brazil.

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Streptomyces rectiviolaceus

Streptomyces rectiviolaceus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces regensis

Streptomyces regensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces resistomycificus

Streptomyces resistomycificus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces reticuliscabiei

Streptomyces reticuliscabiei is a streptomycete bacterium species that is associated with netted scab in potatoes.

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Streptomyces rhizophilus

Streptomyces rhizophilus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from the plant Sasa borealis.

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Streptomyces rhizosphaericus

Streptomyces rhizosphaericus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the ectorhizosphere of the tree Paraserianthes falcataria from Yogyakarta on Java in Indonesia.

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Streptomyces rimosus

Streptomyces rimosus is a bacterium species in the genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces rishiriensis

Streptomyces rishiriensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Hokkaido in Japan.

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Streptomyces rochei

Streptomyces rochei is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces rosealbus

Streptomyces rosealbus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from forest soil from Yongsheng from the Yunnan Province in China.

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Streptomyces roseiscleroticus

Streptomyces roseiscleroticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Gujarat State in India.

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Streptomyces roseofulvus

Streptomyces roseofulvus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces roseolilacinus

Streptomyces roseolilacinus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces roseolus

Streptomyces roseolus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces roseosporus

Streptomyces roseosporus is a species of actinobacteria.

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Streptomyces roseoviolaceus

Streptomyces roseoviolaceus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces roseoviridis

Streptomyces roseoviridis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces ruber

Streptomyces ruber is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the Baikal-region in Russia.

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Streptomyces rubidus

Streptomyces rubidus is a acidophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from a pine forest in Yanglin in the Yunnan province in China.

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Streptomyces rubiginosohelvolus

Streptomyces rubiginosohelvolus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces rubiginosus

Streptomyces rubiginosus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces rubrisoli

Streptomyces rubrisoli is a neutrotolerant and acidophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from red soil from Liujiazhan from the Jiangxi Province in China.

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Streptomyces rubrogriseus

Streptomyces rubrogriseus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces rubrus

Streptomyces rubrus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the sponge Haliclona sp. in Tateyama, Chiba in Japan.

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Streptomyces rutgersensis

Streptomyces rutgersensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces samsunensis

Streptomyces samsunensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the rhizosphere from the tree Robinia pseudoacacia from the Ondokuz Mayıs University in Samsun in Turkey.

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Streptomyces sanglieri

Streptomyces sanglieri is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from a hay meadow.

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Streptomyces sannanensis

Streptomyces sannanensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Japan.

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Streptomyces sanyensis

Streptomyces sanyensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from mangrove soil in Sanya in Hainan in China.

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Streptomyces scabies

Streptomyces scabies or Streptomyces scabiei is a streptomycete bacterium species found in soils around the world.

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Streptomyces scabrisporus

Streptomyces scabrisporus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Japan.

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Streptomyces sclerotialus

Streptomyces sclerotialus is a thermophillic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which was isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces scopiformis

Streptomyces scopiformis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in China.

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Streptomyces scopuliridis

Streptomyces scopuliridis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from woodland soil from Rainbow Bluff in Lynn in Alabama in the United States.

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Streptomyces sedi

Streptomyces sedi is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from tissues from the plant Sedum in the Yunnan province in China.

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Streptomyces seoulensis

Streptomyces seoulensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolalted from soil from Korea.

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Streptomyces seranimatus

Streptomyces seranimatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from the tree Cephalotaxus fortunei in Xishuangbanna in the Yunnan Province in China.

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Streptomyces seymenliensis

Streptomyces seymenliensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the Tuz Lake in the Seymenli in Turkey.

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Streptomyces shaanxiensis

Streptomyces shaanxiensis is a blue pigmented bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a sewage irrigation area in the Shaanxii province in China.

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Streptomyces shenzhenensis

Streptomyces shenzhenensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from mangrove soil in Shenzhen in China.

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Streptomyces showdoensis

Streptomyces showdoensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces silaceus

Streptomyces silaceus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a equine placenta in Lexington in Kentucky in the United States.

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Streptomyces sindenensis

Streptomyces sindenensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces sioyaensis

Streptomyces sioyaensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces smyrnaeus

Streptomyces smyrnaeus is a halotolerant bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from pond sediments from a salt lake in Izmir in Turkey.

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Streptomyces sodiiphilus

Streptomyces sodiiphilus is a alkaliphilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a muddy sample from the Chaka salt lake in the Qinghai Province in China.

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Streptomyces somaliensis

Streptomyces somaliensis is a protelytic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a mycetoma from the foot of a man in Somalia.

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Streptomyces sparsogenes

Streptomyces sparsogenes is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces sparsus

Streptomyces sparsus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from saline and alkaline soil in the Qinghai Province in China.

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Streptomyces specialis

Streptomyces specialis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Germany.

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Streptomyces spectabilis

Streptomyces spectabilis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces speibonae

Streptomyces speibonae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from Cape Town in South Africa.

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Streptomyces speleomycini

Streptomyces speleomycini is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces spinoverrucosus

Streptomyces spinoverrucosus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from air in Kuwait.

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Streptomyces spiralis

Streptomyces spiralis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Brazil.

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Streptomyces spiroverticillatus

Streptomyces spiroverticillatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces spongiae

Streptomyces spongiae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona in Tateyama in Chiba in Japan.

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Streptomyces sporocinereus

Streptomyces sporocinereus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces sporoclivatus

Streptomyces sporoclivatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces spororaveus

Streptomyces spororaveus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces sporoverrucosus

Streptomyces sporoverrucosus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces staurosporininus

Streptomyces staurosporininus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from hay meadow soil from the Cockle Park Experimental Farm in Northumberland in the United Kingdom.

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Streptomyces stelliscabiei

Streptomyces stelliscabiei or is a streptomycete bacterium species that is associated with common scab in potatoes.

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Streptomyces stramineus

Streptomyces stramineus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from grassland in the USA.

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Streptomyces subrutilus

Streptomyces subrutilus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces sulfonofaciens

Streptomyces sulfonofaciens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Nachikatsuura from the Wakayama Prefecture in Japan.

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Streptomyces sulphureus

Streptomyces sulphureus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from marine sediments in Dalian in China.

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Streptomyces sundarbansensis

Streptomyces sundarbansensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from a mangrove forest from the Lothian Island in India.

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Streptomyces synnematoformans

Streptomyces synnematoformans is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from a sand dune in Egypt.

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Streptomyces tacrolimicus

Streptomyces tacrolimicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from deer dung.

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Streptomyces tanashiensis

Streptomyces tanashiensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces tateyamensis

Streptomyces tateyamensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the sponge Haliclona from the pacific coastline of the city Tateyama in the Chiba prefecture in Japan.

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Streptomyces tauricus

Streptomyces tauricus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces tendae

Streptomyces tendae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in France.

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Streptomyces termitum

Streptomyces termitum is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from termites.

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Streptomyces thermoalcalitolerans

Streptomyces thermoalcalitolerans is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from garden soil in Yogyakarta on Indonesia.

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Streptomyces thermoautotrophicus

Streptomyces thermoautotrophicus is a thermophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces thermocarboxydovorans

Streptomyces thermocarboxydovorans is a streptomycete bacterium species.

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Streptomyces thermocarboxydus

Streptomyces thermocarboxydus is a streptomycete bacterium species.

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Streptomyces thermocoprophilus

Streptomyces thermocoprophilus is a thermophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from poultry faeces in Malaysia.

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Streptomyces thermodiastaticus

Streptomyces thermodiastaticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces thermogriseus

Streptomyces thermogriseus is a thermophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a hot spring in Eryuan in the Yunnan Province in China.

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Streptomyces thermolineatus

Streptomyces thermolineatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from sewage compost in Washington, D.C. in the United States.

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Streptomyces thermospinosisporus

Streptomyces thermospinosisporus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from garden soil in the United Kingdom.

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Streptomyces thermoviolaceus

Streptomyces thermoviolaceus is a thermophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from composts.

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Streptomyces thermovulgaris

Streptomyces thermovulgaris is a thermophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from cow manure.

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Streptomyces thinghirensis

Streptomyces thinghirensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from the grape plant Vitis vinifera in Thinghir in Morocco.

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Streptomyces thioluteus

Streptomyces thioluteus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces torulosus

Streptomyces torulosus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces toxytricini

Streptomyces toxytricini is a Gram-positive bacterium belonging to the genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces tricolor

Streptomyces tricolor is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces tritolerans

Streptomyces tritolerans is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Karnataka in India.

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Streptomyces tsukubaensis

Streptomyces tsukubaensis is a species of actinobacteria.

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Streptomyces tsukubensis

Streptomyces tsukubensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Ibaraki in Japan.

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Streptomyces tubercidicus

Streptomyces tubercidicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces tuirus

Streptomyces tuirus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces tunisiensis

Streptomyces tunisiensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from forest soil in Tunis in Tunisia.

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Streptomyces turgidiscabies

Streptomyces turgidiscabies is a streptomycete bacterium species, causing scab in potatoes.

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Streptomyces tyrosinilyticus

Streptomyces tyrosinilyticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from river sediments from the South River in Jiaohe in the Jilin Province in China.

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Streptomyces umbrinus

Streptomyces umbrinus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Russia.

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Streptomyces variabilis

Streptomyces variabilis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces variegatus

Streptomyces variegatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces varsoviensis

Streptomyces varsoviensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces vastus

Streptomyces vastus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces venezuelae

Streptomyces venezuelae is a species of soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium of the genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces verticillus

Streptomyces verticillus is a species of Gram-positive bacteria in the Streptomyces genus.

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Streptomyces vietnamensis

Streptomyces vietnamensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from forest soil in Vietnam.

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Streptomyces vinaceus

Streptomyces vinaceus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus

Streptomyces vinaceusdrappus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces violaceochromogenes

Streptomyces violaceochromogenes is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces violaceolatus

Streptomyces violaceolatus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces violaceorectus

Streptomyces violaceorectus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces violaceoruber

Streptomyces violaceoruber is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces violaceorubidus

Streptomyces violaceorubidus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces violaceus

Streptomyces violaceus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces violaceusniger

Streptomyces violaceusniger is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces violarus

Streptomyces violarus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Egypt.

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Streptomyces violascens

Streptomyces violascens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces violens

Streptomyces violens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces virens

Streptomyces virens is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces virginiae

Streptomyces virginiae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces viridis

Streptomyces viridis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from a hay meadow.

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Streptomyces viridiviolaceus

Streptomyces viridiviolaceus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces viridobrunneus

Streptomyces viridobrunneus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces viridochromeogenes

Streptomyces viridochromeogenes is a bacterium species in the genus Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces viridodiastaticus

Streptomyces viridodiastaticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces viridosporus

Streptomyces viridosporus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces vitaminophilus

Streptomyces vitaminophilus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in the Nagano City in Japan.

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Streptomyces wedmorensis

Streptomyces wedmorensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Pennsylvania in the United States.

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Streptomyces wellingtoniae

Streptomyces wellingtoniae is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces werraensis

Streptomyces werraensis is an alkaliphilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces wuyuanensis

Streptomyces wuyuanensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a saline sample from the Inner Mongolia in China.

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Streptomyces xanthochromogenes

Streptomyces xanthochromogenes is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces xanthocidicus

Streptomyces xanthocidicus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces xantholiticus

Streptomyces xantholiticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces.

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Streptomyces xanthophaeus

Streptomyces xanthophaeus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces xiamenensis

Streptomyces xiamenensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from mangrove sediments in Xiamen in the Fujian Province in China.

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Streptomyces xinghaiensis

Streptomyces xinghaiensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from marine sediments from Xinghai Bay near Dalian in China.

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Streptomyces xishensis

Streptomyces xishensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from marine sediments from the South China Sea near the Xisha Islands in China.

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Streptomyces yaanensis

Streptomyces yaanensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Yaan in the Sichuan Province in China.

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Streptomyces yanglinensis

Streptomyces yanglinensis is an acidophilic bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from a pine forest in Yanglin in the Yunnan province in China.

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Streptomyces yanii

Streptomyces yanii is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from mud.

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Streptomyces yatensis

Streptomyces yatensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from ultramafic soil in New Caledonia.

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Streptomyces yeochonensis

Streptomyces yeochonensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from acidic soil in Korea.

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Streptomyces yerevanensis

Streptomyces yerevanensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil.

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Streptomyces yogyakartensis

Streptomyces yogyakartensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil from the tree Paraserianthes falcataria in Yogyakarta on Java on Indonesia.

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Streptomyces yokosukanensis

Streptomyces yokosukanensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces youssoufiensis

Streptomyces youssoufiensi is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a phosphate mine in Youssoufia in Morocco.

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Streptomyces yunnanensis

Streptomyces yunnanensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil from a suburb of Kunming in the Yunnan Province in China.

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Streptomyces zagrosensis

Streptomyces zagrosensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from rhizospheric soil in the Fars Province in Iran.

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Streptomyces zaomyceticus

Streptomyces zaomyceticus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Japan.

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Streptomyces zhaozhouensis

Streptomyces zhaozhouensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from the surface of a leaf of the plant candelabra aloe in Zhaozhou in the Heilongjiang Province in China.

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Streptomyces zinciresistens

Streptomyces zinciresistens is a filamentous bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from a copper and zinc mine in the Shaanxi province in China.

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Streptomyces ziwulingensis

Streptomyces ziwulingensis is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from grassland soil from Ziwuling at the Loess Plateau in China.

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Streptomycetaceae

The Streptomycetaceae are a family of Actinobacteria, making up to the monotypic suborder Streptomycineae.

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Streptopain

Streptopain (Streptococcus peptidase A, streptococcal cysteine proteinase, Streptococcus protease) is an enzyme.

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Streptosporangineae

Streptosporangineae is a suborder of bacteria in the order Actinomycetales.

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Stroke

A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.

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Struvite

Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) is a phosphate mineral with formula: NH4MgPO4·6H2O.

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Stuck fermentation

A stuck fermentation occurs in brewing beer or winemaking when the yeast become dormant before the fermentation has completed.

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Stunt (botany)

In botany and agriculture, stunting describes a plant disease that results in dwarfing and loss of vigor.

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Styphnolobium japonicum

Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott, the Japanese pagoda tree (Chinese scholar tree, pagoda tree; syn. Sophora japonica) is a species of tree in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae.

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Subcellular localization

The cells of eukaryotic organisms are elaborately subdivided into functionally-distinct membrane-bound compartments.

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Subcloning

In molecular biology, subcloning is a technique used to move a particular DNA sequence from a parent vector to a destination vector.

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Subcutaneous abscess

A subcutaneous abscess is an abscess located in the subcutaneous tissue (also hypodermis).

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Sublime (Marvel Comics)

Sublime, also known as John Sublime, is a fictional supervillain (a sentient bacterium), appearing in books published by Marvel Comics, usually as an enemy of the X-Men.

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Subsurface lithoautotrophic microbial ecosystem

Subsurface lithoautotrophic microbial ecosystems, or "SLIMEs" (also abbreviated "SLMEs" or "SLiMEs"), are defined by Edward O. Wilson as "unique assemblages of bacteria and fungi that occupy pores in the interlocking mineral grains of igneous rock beneath Earth's surface.".

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Subtilisin

Subtilisin is a non-specific protease (a protein-digesting enzyme) initially obtained from Bacillus subtilis.

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SucA RNA motif

The sucA RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure found in bacteria of the order Burkholderiales.

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SucA-II RNA motif

The sucA-II RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics.

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Succinate dehydrogenase

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) or succinate-coenzyme Q reductase (SQR) or respiratory Complex II is an enzyme complex, found in many bacterial cells and in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes.

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Succinivibrionaceae

The Succinivibrionaceae are Gram-negative bacteria and belong to the Gammaproteobacteria.

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Sucrose

Sucrose is common table sugar.

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Sufflogobius bibarbatus

Sufflogobius bibarbatus, the Bearded Goby or Pelagic Goby, is a species of goby native to the southeastern Atlantic Ocean.

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SuhB

suhB later renamed mmgR (makes more granules regulator) was a putative non-coding RNA found multiple times in the Agrobacterium tumefaciens genome and related alpha-proteobacteria.

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Sulbactam

Sulbactam is a β-lactamase inhibitor.

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Sulfacetamide/sulfur

The drug combination sulfacetamide/sulfur is a topical acne medication manufactured by Medicis under the trade name Plexion and also available under other trade names such as Clenia, Prascion, and Avar.

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Sulfacytine

Sulfacytine is a short-acting sulfonamide antibiotic, taken orally for treatment against bacterial infections.

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Sulfadiazine

Sulfadiazine is an antibiotic.

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Sulfate-reducing microorganisms

Sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) or sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) are a group composed of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfate-reducing archaea (SRA), both of which can perform anaerobic respiration utilizing sulfate (SO42–) as terminal electron acceptor, reducing it to hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

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Sulfatide

Sulfatide, also known as 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide, SM4, or sulfated galactocerebroside, is a class of sulfolipids, specifically a class of sulfoglycolipids, which are glycolipids that contain a sulfate group.

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Sulfite reductase

Sulfite reductases are enzymes that participate in sulfur metabolism.

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Sulfitobacter

In taxonomy, Sulfitobacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Sulfitobacter brevis

Sulfitobacter brevis is a species of bacteria isolated from the hypersaline, heliothermal and meromictic Antarctic Ekho Lake.

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Sulfobacillus acidophilus

Sulfobacillus acidophilus is a species of moderately thermophilic mineral-sulphide-oxidizing bacteria.

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Sulfobacillus thermotolerans

Sulfobacillus thermotolerans is a species of thermotolerant, chemolithotrophic, Gram-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, acidophilic bacterium with type strain Kr1T (.

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Sulfolobus solfataricus

Sulfolobus solfataricus is a species of thermophilic archaeon.

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Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16.

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Sulfur cycle

The sulfur cycle is the collection of processes by which sulfur moves to and from rock, waterways and living systems.

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Sulfur metabolism

Sulfur is metabolized by all organisms, from bacteria and archaea to plants and animals.

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Sulfur-reducing bacteria

Sulfur-reducing bacteria (SRB) get their energy by reducing elemental sulfur to hydrogen sulfide.

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Sulfuricurvum kujiense

Sulfuricurvum kujiense is a facultatively anaerobic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Sulfurimonas

Sulfurimonas is a bacterial genus within the class of Epsilonproteobacteria, known for reducing nitrate, oxidizing both sulfur and hydrogen, and containing Group IV hydrogenases.

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Sulfurimonas autotrophica

Sulfurimonas autotrophica is a sulfur- and thiosulfate-oxidizing ε-proteobacterium.

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Sulfurimonas paralvinellae

Sulfurimonas paralvinellae is a hydrogen- and sulfur-oxidizing ε-proteobacterium.

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Sulfurospirillum arsenophilum

Sulfurospirillum arsenophilum is a bacterium.

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Sulfurospirillum barnesii

Sulfurospirillum barnesii is a bacterium.

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Sulfurovum

Sulfurovum is a genus within the Epsilonproteobacteria which was first described in 2004 with the isolation and description of the type species Sulfurovum lithotrophicum from Okinawa trough hydrothermal sediments.

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Sulfurovum lithotrophicum

Sulfurovum lithotrophicum is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus.

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Sulphatara

Sulphatara or Solfatara is an Italian term for a volcanic vent that releases gaseous substances containing sulfur.

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Sulphide Indole Motility medium

Sulphide Indole Motility (SIM) medium is a bacterial growth medium which tests for the ability to reduce sulfates, the ability to produce indoles, and motility.

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Summer Enrichment Program (University of Colorado)

The Summer Enrichment Program (SEP) is a summer camp for gifted and talented children entering grades 5 to 10, located at Center for the Education and Study of the Gifted, Talented, Creative at the University of Northern Colorado in Greeley, Colorado.

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Summer sausage

Summer sausage is an American term for any sausage that can be kept without refrigeration until opened.

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Summer with the Ghosts

Summer with the Ghosts is a 2004 film by La Fète and Sterling Entertainment, and is part of the Tales for All (Contes Pour Tous) series of family movies.

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Suncheon Bay Ecological Park

Suncheon Bay Ecological Park is a protected natural area near Suncheon, South Korea.

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Super-Kamiokande

Super-Kamiokande (semi-abbreviation of full name: Super-Kamioka Neutrino Detection Experiment, also abbreviated to Super-K or SK; スーパーカミオカンデ) is a neutrino observatory located under Mount Ikeno near the city of Hida, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

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Superantigen

Superantigens (SAgs) are a class of antigens that cause non-specific activation of T-cells resulting in polyclonal T cell activation and massive cytokine release.

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Superoxide dismutase

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme that alternately catalyzes the dismutation (or partitioning) of the superoxide (O2&minus) radical into either ordinary molecular oxygen (O2) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

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Suppressor of fused Sufu protein N terminal domain

In molecular biology, the protein domain suppressor of fused protein (Sufu) has an important role in the cell.

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SurE, survival protein E

In molecular biology, the protein domain surE refers to survival protein E. It was originally found that cells that did not contain this protein, could not survive in the stationary phase, at above normal temperatures, and in high-salt media.

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Surfactant protein A1

Surfactant protein A1 (SP-A1), also known as Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A1 (PSP-A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFTPA1 gene.

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Surfactant protein A2

Surfactant protein A2 (SP-A2), also known as Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2 (PSP-A2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFTPA2 gene.

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Surfactin

Surfactin is a very powerful surfactant commonly used as an antibiotic.

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Surotomycin

Surotomycin is an investigational oral antibiotic.

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Surveyor 3

Surveyor 3 was the third lander of the American uncrewed Surveyor program sent to explore the surface of the Moon.

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Sustainable agriculture

Sustainable agriculture is farming in sustainable ways based on an understanding of ecosystem services, the study of relationships between organisms and their environment.

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Sutterella

Sutterella is a genus of Gram-negative, anaerobic, nonspore-forming bacteria of the family Sutterellaceae which belongs to the class Betaproteobacteria; they were isolated from human faeces.

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Sutterella parvirubra

Sutterella parvirubra is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-negative, anaerobic, nonspore-forming, nonmotile bacterium from the genus Sutterella in the family Sutterellaceae, which was isolated from human faeces.

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Sutterella stercoricanis

Sutterella stercoricanis is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-negative, anaerobic and microaerophilic, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Sutterella in the family of Sutterellaceae, which was isolated from dog faeces.

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Sutterella wadsworthensis

Sutterella wadsworthensis is a gram-negative bacterium from the genus Sutterella in the family Sutterellaceae.

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Sutterellaceae

The Sutterellaceae are a family of the Betaproteobacteria.

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Suttonella indologenes

Suttonella indologenes, formerly Kingella indologenes, is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium of the family Cardiobacteriaceae.

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Suzanne Lambin

Suzanne Lambin (1902–2008) was a French microbiologist who studied the evolution of bacterial cultures and how various antiseptic agents affected those cultures.

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Svecia

Svecia (or Sveciaost, ost meaning cheese) is a Swedish cheese.

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Swan neck flask

A swanneck (or gooseneck) flask is a particular shape of normally plastic or glass tube leading into a test tube or other vessel.

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Sweet potato storage

The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a very important crop for subsistence farmers in Africa and other developing countries.

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SWEET transporters

The SWEET family, also known as the PQ-loop, Saliva or MtN3 family, is a family of sugar transporters and a member of the TOG superfamily.

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Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology

The Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag, German acronym for Eidgenössische Anstalt für Wasserversorgung, Abwasserreinigung und Gewässerschutz) is a Swiss water research institute and an internationally networked institution.

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Sycosis vulgaris

Sycosis vulgaris (also known as "Barber's itch," and "Sycosis barbae") is a cutaneous condition characterized by a chronic infection of the chin or bearded region.

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Sylvatic plague

Sylvatic plague is an infectious bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis that primarily affects rodents such as prairie dogs.

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Symbiobacterium thermophilum

Symbiobacterium thermophilum is a symbiotic thermophile that depends on co-culture with a Bacillus strain for growth.

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Symbiogenesis

Symbiogenesis, or endosymbiotic theory, is an evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms, first articulated in 1905 and 1910 by the Russian botanist Konstantin Mereschkowski, and advanced and substantiated with microbiological evidence by Lynn Margulis in 1967.

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Symbiosis

Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις "living together", from σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.

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Sympagic ecology

A sympagic environment is one where water exists mostly as a solid, ice, such as a polar ice cap or glacier.

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Symphyonemataceae

The Symphyonemataceae is a family of cyanobacteria.

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Synanthedon myopaeformis

Synanthedon myopaeformis is a moth of the family Sesiidae and the order Lepidoptera.

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Synbiotics

Synbiotics refer to food ingredients or dietary supplements combining probiotics and prebiotics in a form of synergism, hence synbiotics.

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Syncaris pacifica

Syncaris pacifica is an endangered species of freshwater shrimp in the family Atyidae that occurs only in a limited range within the northern San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA.

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Synechococcaceae

The Synechococcaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Synechococcales

The Synechococcales are an order of cyanobacteria, with over 70 genera.

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Synechococcus

Synechococcus (from the Greek synechos, in succession, and the Greek kokkos, granule) is a unicellular cyanobacterium that is very widespread in the marine environment.

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Synechocystis

Synechocystis is a genus of unicellular, freshwater cyanobacteria primarily represented by the strain Synechocystis sp.

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Synergistes jonesii

Synergistes jonesii is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus.

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Synergistetes

The Synergistetes is a recently recognized phylum of anaerobic bacteria that show Gram-negative staining and have rod/vibrioid cell shape.

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Synergy

Synergy is the creation of a whole that is greater than the simple sum of its parts.

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Synthetic immunology

Synthetic immunology is the rational design and construction of synthetic systems that perform complex immunological functions.

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Synthetic mycoides

Synthetic mycoides refers to an artificial life form created by Craig Venter at the J Craig Venter Institute in May 2010.

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Syntrophaceticus schinkii

Syntrophaceticus schinkii is a species of anaerobic, syntrophic acetate-oxidizing bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Syntrophobacter

Syntrophobacter is a genus of bacteria from the family of Syntrophobacteraceae.

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Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans

Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans is a species of syntrophic propionate-degrading sulfate-reducing bacterium.

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Syntrophobacter pfennigii

Syntrophobacter pfennigii is a species of syntrophic propionate-oxidising anaerobic bacterium.

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Syntrophobacter sulfatireducens

Syntrophobacter sulfatireducens is a species of bacteria notable for degrading propionate.

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Syntrophobacter wolinii

Syntrophobacter wolinii is a species of bacteria notable for degrading propionate.

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Syntrophobacterales

The Syntrophobacterales are an order of Proteobacteria, with two families.

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Syntrophococcus sucromutans

Syntrophococcus sucromutans is a Gram-negative strictly anaerobic chemoorganotrophic Firmicute.

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Syntrophomonadaceae

The Syntrophomonadaceae are a family of anaerobic bacteria in the order of Clostridiales.

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Syntrophomonas

Syntrophomonas is a bacterial genus from the family of Syntrophomonadaceae.

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Syntrophomonas curvata

Syntrophomonas curvata is a bacterium.

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Syntrophomonas palmitatica

Syntrophomonas palmitatica is a bacterium.

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Syntrophomonas sapovorans

Syntrophomonas sapovorans is a bacterium.

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Syntrophomonas wolfei

Syntrophomonas wolfei is a bacterium.

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Syntrophomonas zehnderi

Syntrophomonas zehnderi is a bacterium.

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Syntrophothermus

Syntrophothermus is a bacterial genus from the family of Syntrophomonadaceae.

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Syntrophothermus lipocalidus

Syntrophothermus lipocalidus is a bacterium, the type species and only currently described species in its genus.

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Syntrophus

Syntrophus is a Gram negative bacterial genus from the family of Syntrophaceae.

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Syntrophus aciditrophicus

Syntrophus aciditrophicus is a gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium.

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Syntrophus buswellii

Syntrophus buswellii is a bacterium.

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Syphilis

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.

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Syringe filter

A syringe filter (sometimes called a wheel filter if it has a wheel-like shape) is a single-use filter cartridge.

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Systematic and Applied Microbiology

Systematic and Applied Microbiology is a peer-reviewed bimonthly journal deals with various aspects of microbial diversity and systematics of prokaryotes.

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Systemin

Systemin is a plant peptide hormone involved in the wound response in the Solanaceae family.

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T helper cell

The T helper cells (Th cells) are a type of T cell that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system.

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T-box leader

Usually found in gram-positive bacteria, the T box leader sequence is an RNA element that controls gene expression through the regulation of translation by binding directly to a specific tRNA and sensing its aminoacylation state.

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T-even bacteriophages

T-even phages, also known as the E. coli phages, are a group of double-stranded DNA bacteriophages from the family Myoviridae.

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T3 phage

Bacteriophage T3, or T3 phage, is a bacteriophage capable of infecting susceptible bacterial cells, including strains of Escherichia coli.

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T44 RNA

The T44 RNA family consists of a number of bacterial RNA genes of between 135 and 170 bases in length.

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T7 phage

Bacteriophage T7 (or the T7 phage) is a bacteriophage, a virus that infects susceptible bacterial cells, that is composed of DNA and infects most strains of Escherichia coli.

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Tabes dorsalis

Tabes dorsalis, also known as syphilitic myelopathy, is a slow degeneration (specifically, demyelination) of the neural tracts primarily in the dorsal columns (posterior columns) of the spinal cord (the portion closest to the back of the body) & dorsal roots.

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Tabgha

Tabgha (الطابغة, al-Tabigha; עין שבע, Ein Sheva which means "spring of seven") is an area situated on the north-western shore of the Sea of Galilee in Israel. It is traditionally accepted as the place of the miracle of the multiplication of the loaves and fishes and the fourth resurrection appearance of Jesus after his Crucifixion. Between the Late Muslim period and 1948, it was the site of a Palestinian Arab village.

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Tacrolimus

No description.

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Tailings

Tailings, also called mine dumps, culm dumps, slimes, tails, refuse, leach residue or slickens, terra-cone (terrikon), are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore.

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Takifugu

Takifugu is a genus of pufferfish, often better known by the Japanese name.

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Taklon

Taklon is the common name for a synthetic fiber used in artist-quality paint, makeup and pin stripe brushes.

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Taliworks

Taliworks Corporation Berhad is a Malaysian public utilities conglomerate.

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Tamlana

Tamlana is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes (Bacteria).

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Tampon

A tampon is a mass of absorbent material, primarily used as a feminine hygiene product.

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TANGO2

Transport and golgi organization 2 homolog (TANGO2) also known as chromosome 22 open reading frame 25 (C22orf25) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TANGO2 gene.

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Tannerella forsythia

Tannerella forsythia is an anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterial species of the Cytophaga-Bacteroidetes family.

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Taprogge

Taprogge GmbH is a medium-sized company based in Wetter, Germany.

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Taq polymerase

Taq polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase named after the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus from which it was originally isolated by Chien et al.

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TaqI

TaqI is a restriction enzyme isolated from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus in 1978.

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Tar pit

A tar pit, or more accurately an asphalt pit or asphalt lake, is the result of a type of petroleum seep where subterranean bitumen leaks to the surface, creating a large area of natural asphalt.

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Tardiphaga

Tardiphaga is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bradyrhizobiaceae.

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Tardiphaga robiniae

Tardiphaga robiniae is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacteria from the family of Tardiphaga which has been isolated from Robinia pseudoacacia root nodules.

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Tasmannia stipitata

Tasmannia stipitata, commonly known as the Dorrigo pepper or northern pepperbush is a rainforest shrub of temperate forests of the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia.

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Tasty Planet: Back for Seconds

Tasty Planet: Back for Seconds is a top-down video game published by Dingo Games online in September 2010.

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TauD protein domain

In molecular biology, TauD refers to a protein domain that in many enteric bacteria is used to break down taurine (2-aminoethanesulphonic acid) as a source of sulphur under stress conditions.

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Taveuni

Taveuni (pronounced) is the third-largest island in Fiji, after Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, with a total land area of.

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Taxodone

Taxodone is a naturally occurring diterpenoid found in Taxodium distichum (Bald Cypress), Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary), several Salvia species and other plants, along with its oxidized rearrangement product, taxodione.

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Taxonomic rank

In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in a taxonomic hierarchy.

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Taxonomy (biology)

Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.

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Taxonomy of commonly fossilised invertebrates

Although the phylogenetic classification of non-vertebrate animals (both extinct and extant) remains a work-in-progress, the following taxonomy attempts to be useful by combining both traditional (old) and new (21st-century) paleozoological terminology.

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Taxonomy of invertebrates (Brusca & Brusca, 2003)

The taxonomy of invertebrates as proposed by Richard C. Brusca and Gary J. Brusca in 2003 is a system of classification with emphasis on the invertebrates, in other words, a way to classify animals, primarily those which have no backbone.

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Taylorella

Taylorella is a genus of the Alcaligenaceae of the order of the Burkholderiales.

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Taylorella asinigenitalis

Taylorella asinigenitalis is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Taylorella, isolated from the genital tract of male donkeys (Equus asinus) in California.

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Taylorella equigenitalis

Taylorella equigenitalis is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Taylorella, and the causative agent of contagious equine metritis (CEM) in horses.

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TD-1 RNA motif

The TD-1 RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure found only in the species Treponema denticola, at least among bacteria whose genomes were sequenced in 2007 when the RNA motif was identified.

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TDR Targets

The TDR Targets database is a bioinformatics project that seeks to exploit the availability of diverse genomic and chemical datasets to facilitate the identification and prioritization of drugs and drug targets in neglected disease pathogens.

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Tea tree oil

Tea tree oil, also known as melaleuca oil or ti tree oil, is an essential oil with a fresh camphoraceous odor and a colour that ranges from pale yellow to nearly colourless and clear.

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Tears

Tearing, lacrimation, or lachrymation is the secretion of tears, which often serves to clean and lubricate the eyes in response to an irritation of the eyes.

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Tech Jacket

Tech Jacket is a six issue American comic book created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist E. J. Su, published monthly by Image Comics in November 2002 to April 2003.

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Technetium

Technetium is a chemical element with symbol Tc and atomic number 43.

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Teichoic acid

Teichoic acids (cf. Greek τεῖχος, teīkhos, "wall", to be specific a fortification wall, as opposed to τοῖχος, toīkhos, a regular wall) are bacterial copolymers of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate and carbohydrates linked via phosphodiester bonds.

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Teicoplanin

Teicoplanin is an antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' and Enterococcus faecalis.

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Telithromycin

Telithromycin is the first ketolide antibiotic to enter clinical use and is sold under the brand name of Ketek.

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Telluria

Telluria is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria.

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Telluria chitinolytica

Telluria chitinolytica is a bacterium from the genus Telluria in the Oxalobacteraceae family.

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Telluria mixta

Telluria mixta (formerly called Pseudomonas mixta) is a species of Gram-negative soil bacteria that actively degrades polysaccharides including dextran, inulin, pectate, starch, and xylan.

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Telmatobacter

Telmatobacter is a genus of bacteria in the family Acidobacteriaceae.

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Telomere

A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes.

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Temperateness (virology)

In virology, temperate refers to the ability of some bacteriophages (notably coliphage λ) to display a lysogenic life cycle.

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Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis

Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) are forms of electrophoresis which use either a temperature or chemical gradient to denature the sample as it moves across an acrylamide gel.

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Tenacibaculum

Tenacibaculum is a Gram-negative and motile bacterial genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.

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Tenacibaculum adriaticum

Tenacibaculum adriaticum is a bacterium.

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Tenacibaculum amylolyticum

Tenacibaculum amylolyticum is a bacterium.

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Tenacibaculum lutimaris

Tenacibaculum lutimaris is a bacterium.

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Tenacibaculum mesophilum

Tenacibaculum mesophilum is a bacterium.

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Tenacibaculum skagerrakense

Tenacibaculum skagerrakense is a bacterium.

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Tenacibaculum soleae

Tenacibaculum soleae is a bacterium.

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Tenericutes

Tenericutes (tener cutis: soft skin) is a phylum of bacteria that contains the class Mollicutes.

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Tepidamorphus

Tepidamorphus is a genus of bacteria from the family of Rhodobiaceae.

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Tepidamorphus gemmatus

Tepidamorphus gemmatus is a slightly thermophilic, Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium species from the genus of Tepidamorphus which has been isolated from a hot spring from the Furnas area on the São Miguel Island on the Azores.

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Tepidibacter

Tepidibacter is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae.

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Tepidimonas

Tepidimonas is a genus of Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, slightly thermophilic bacteria from the family Comamonadaceae.

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Tepidimonas aquatica

Tepidimonas aquatica is a Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase and catalase-positive thermophilic, rod-shaped, motile bacterium with one polar flagellum from the genus Tepidimonas, which was isolated from a domestic water tank in Coimbra.

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Tepidimonas fonticaldi

Tepidimonas fonticaldi is a Gram-negative, thermophilic, motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum from the genus Tepidimonas, which was isolated from a hot spring water sample from the Antun hot spring in Taiwan.

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Tepidimonas ignava

Tepidimonas ignava is a gram-negative, slightly thermophilic, motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum from the genus Tepidimonas, which was isolated from the hot spring at São Pedro do Sul in central Portugal.

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Tepidimonas taiwanensis

Tepidimonas taiwanensis is a Gram-negative, motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum from the genus Tepidimonas, which was isolated from a hot spring in the Pingtung area in southern Taiwan.

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Tepidimonas thermarum

Tepidimonas thermarum is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, slightly thermophilic, rod-shaped, motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum from the genus Tepidimonas, which was isolated from the Elisenquelle in Aachen.

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Ter protein

In molecular biology, the Ter protein, also known as, DNA replication terminus site-binding protein, refers to a protein domain which binds to the DNA replication terminus site.

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Terasakiella

Terasakiella is a genus of bacteria from the family of Methylocystaceae.

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Terasakiella pusilla

Terasakiella pusilla is a bacterium species from the genus of Terasakiella which has been isolated from a putrid marine shellfish.

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Teredina

Teredina is an extinct genus of fossil bivalve mollusks that lived from the Late Cretaceous to the late Pliocene in Asia, Europe, and North America.

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Terminator (genetics)

In genetics, a transcription terminator is a section of nucleic acid sequence that marks the end of a gene or operon in genomic DNA during transcription.

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Termite

Termites are eusocial insects that are classified at the taxonomic rank of infraorder Isoptera, or as epifamily Termitoidae within the cockroach order Blattodea.

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Termite-flg RNA motif

The Termite-flg RNA motif (also called tg-flg) is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics.

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Termite-leu RNA motif

The Termite-leu RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure discovered by bioinformatics.

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Terpene

Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds, produced by a variety of plants, particularly conifers, and by some insects.

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Terra preta

Terra preta (locally, literally "black soil" in Portuguese) is a type of very dark, fertile artificial (anthropogenic) soil found in the Amazon Basin.

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Terrabacteria

Terrabacteria is a taxon containing approximately two-thirds (6,157 sp.) of prokaryote species, including those in the gram positive phyla (Actinobacteria and Firmicutes) as well as the phyla Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Deinococcus-Thermus.

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Terrestrial analogue sites

Terrestrial analogue sites (also called "space analogues") are places on Earth with assumed past or present geological, environmental or biological conditions of a celestial body such as the Moon or Mars.

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Tersicoccus phoenicis

Tersicoccus phoenicis is a member of the bacterial family Micrococcaceae.

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Test tube

A test tube, also known as a culture tube or sample tube, is a common piece of laboratory glassware consisting of a finger-like length of glass or clear plastic tubing, open at the top and closed at the bottom.

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Tetanus

Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is an infection characterized by muscle spasms.

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Tetracoccus (bacterium)

In taxonomy, Tetracoccus is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Tetracycline

Tetracycline, sold under the brand name Sumycin among others, is an antibiotic used to treat a number of infections.

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Tetragenococcus

Tetragenococcus is a Gram-positive, facultatively aerobic, moderately halophilic and nonmotile bacterial genus from the family of Enterococcaceae.

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Tetragenococcus halophilus

Tetragenococcus halophilus is a halophilic lactic acid bacterium active in the fermentation processes of soy sauce, miso, fish sauce and salted anchovies.

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Tetragenococcus muriaticus

Tetragenococcus muriaticus is a species of moderately halophilic lactic acid, histamine-producing bacteria.

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Tetrahydrofolate riboswitch

Tetrahydrofolate riboswitches are a class of homologous RNAs in certain bacteria that bind tetrahydrofolate (THF).

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Tetrasphaera

Tetrasphaera is a bacterial genus from the family of Intrasporangiaceae.

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Tetrasphaera elongata

Tetrasphaera elongata is a polyphosphate-accumulating bacterium.

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Tetrathiobacter

The two members of Tetrathiobacter (Tetrathiobacter kashmirensis and Tetrathiobacter mimigardefordensis) were transferred to Advenella mimigardefordensis and Advenella kashmirensis.

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Tetratricopeptide repeat 39A

Tetratricopeptide repeat 39A is a human protein encoded by the TTC39A gene.

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Tetrodotoxin

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin.

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Textbook of Biochemistry

Textbook of Biochemistry, first published in 1928, is scientific textbook authored by Alexander Thomas Cameron.

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Thalassia testudinum

Thalassia testudinum, commonly known as turtlegrass, is a species of marine seagrass.

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Thalassobacter

In taxonomy, Thalassobacter is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Thalassobius

In taxonomy, Thalassobius is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Thalassolituus

Thalassolituus is an oil degrading bacterial genus from the family of Oceanospirillaceae.

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Thalassolituus oleivorans

Thalassolituus oleivorans is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus.

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Thallophyte

The thallophytes (Thallophyta or Thallobionta) are a polyphyletic group of non-mobile organisms traditionally described as "thalloid plants", "relatively simple plants" or "lower plants".

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Thauera

Thauera is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Zoogloeaceae of the order Rhodocyclales of the Betaproteobacteria.

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Thauera aminoaromatica

Thauera aminoaromatica is a gram-negative, bacterium from the genus of Thauera.

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Thauera aromatica

Thauera aromatica is a species of bacteria.

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Thauera butanivorans

Thauera butanivorans is a species of Gram-negative proteobacteria capable of growth on alkanes C2-C9, but not methane, as well as other organic substrates such as lactate, acetate, succinate and citrate.

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Thauera chlorobenzoica

Thauera chlorobenzoica is a bacterium from the genus of Thauera.

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Thauera humireducens

Thauera humireducens is a gram-negative, non-spore-forming, humus-reducing, rod-shaped, bacterium from the genus of Thauera which was isolated from a microbial fuel cell.

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Thauera linaloolentis

Thauera linaloolentis is a gram-negative, mesophilic, motile bacterium from the genus of Thauera.

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Thauera mechernichensis

Thauera mechernichensis is a bacterium from the genus of Thauera which was isolated from a landfill leachate treatment plant.

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Thauera phenylacetica

Thauera phenylacetica is a bacterium from the genus of Thauera.

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Thauera selenatis

Thauera selenatis is a gram-negative rod-shaped motile bacterium from the genus of Thauera with a single polar flagellum.

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Thauera terpenica

Thauera terpenica is a gram-negative mesophilic motile bacterium from the genus of Thauera.

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Thaumatin

Thaumatin is a low-calorie sweetener and flavour modifier.

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Thayer-Martin agar

Thayer-Martin agar (or Thayer-Martin medium) is a Mueller-Hinton agar with 5% chocolate sheep blood and antibiotics.

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The 13½ Lives of Captain Bluebear

The 13 Lives of Captain Bluebear is a 1999 fantasy novel by German writer and cartoonist Walter Moers which details the numerous lives of a human-sized bear with blue fur.

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The Ancestor's Tale

The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life is a 2004 popular science book by Richard Dawkins, with contributions from Dawkins' research assistant Yan Wong.

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The Erlenmeyer Flask

"The Erlenmeyer Flask" is the 24th episode and the first season finale of the science fiction television series The X-Files.

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The Future Is Wild

The Future Is Wild is a British 2002 thirteen-part pseudo-documentary television miniseries.

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The Hot Zone

The Hot Zone: A Terrifying True Story is a best-selling 1995 nonfiction thriller by Richard Preston about the origins and incidents involving viral hemorrhagic fevers, particularly ebolaviruses and marburgviruses.

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The ISME Journal

The ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all areas of microbial ecology spanning the breadth of microbial life, including bacteria, archaea, microbial eukaryotes, and viruses.

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The Last Dragon (2004 film)

The Last Dragon, known as Dragons: A Fantasy Made Real in the United States, and also known as Dragon's World in other countries, is a British docufiction made by Darlow Smithson Productions for Channel Four and broadcast on both Channel Four and Animal Planet that is described as the story of "the natural history of the most extraordinary creature that never existed".

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The Last Man on Earth (1964 film)

The Last Man on Earth (L'ultimo uomo della Terra) is a 1964 Italian-American science-fiction horror film based on the 1954 Richard Matheson novel I Am Legend.

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The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (comics)

The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen is a comic book series written by Alan Moore and illustrated by Kevin O'Neill, publication of which began in 1999.

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The Leprosy Mission

The Leprosy Mission is an international Christian charity working towards the eradication of the causes and consequences of leprosy.

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The Life of Mammals

The Life of Mammals is a nature documentary series written and presented by David Attenborough, first transmitted in the United Kingdom from 20 November 2002.

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The Mahabharata Quest: The Alexander Secret

The Mahabharata Quest: The Alexander Secret is the second novel by Indian author Christopher C. Doyle and was released on 9 October 2014 by Westland Publishers.

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The RNAi Consortium

The RNAi Consortium, or TRC, is a public-private partnership whose mission is to create libraries of small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) for 15'000 human and 15'000 mouse genes.

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The Seeds of Doom

The Seeds of Doom is the sixth and final serial of the 13th season of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in six weekly parts on BBC1 from 31 January to 6 March 1976.

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The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History

The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History is a 2014 non-fiction book written by Elizabeth Kolbert and published by Henry Holt & Company.

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The Unbelievable Truth (radio show)

The Unbelievable Truth is a BBC radio comedy panel game made by Random Entertainment, devised by Graeme Garden and Jon Naismith.

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The Unknown Terror

The Unknown Terror is a 1957 black and white widescreen American science fiction/horror film.

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The Voronov Plot

The Voronov Plot is the fourteenth book in the Blake and Mortimer comic book series.

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Theiler's encephalomyelitis virus

Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus (TMEV) is a single-stranded RNA murine cardiovirus from the family Picornaviridae.

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Thelytoky

Thelytoky (from the Greek thēlys "female" and tokos "birth") is a type of parthenogenesis in which females are produced from unfertilized eggs, as for example in aphids.

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Theobromine

Theobromine, formerly known as xantheose, is a bitter alkaloid of the cacao plant, with the chemical formula C7H8N4O2.

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Theodor Morell

Theodor Gilbert Morell (22 July 1886 – 26 May 1948) was a German doctor known for acting as Adolf Hitler's personal physician.

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Theodor von Dusch

Theodor von Dusch (17 September 1824 – 13 January 1890) was a German physician who was a native of Karlsruhe.

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Thermacetogenium phaeum

Thermacetogenium phaeum is a bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Thermaerobacter

The Thermaerobacter are an unassigned genus of bacteria placed within the class clostridia.

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Thermal cooking

A thermal cooker, or a vacuum flask cooker, is a cooking device that uses thermal insulation to retain heat and cook food without the continuous use of fuel or other heat source.

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Thermal death time

Thermal death time is how long it takes to kill a specific bacteria at a specific temperature.

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Thermal pollution

Thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature.

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Thermales

Thermales is an order of bacteria belonging to the Deinococcus–Thermus phylum.

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Thermanaeromonas

Thermanaeromonas is a genus of bacteria within the family Thermoanaerobacteraceae.

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Thermanaeromonas toyohensis

Thermanaeromonas toyohensis is a species of bacteria within the family Thermoanaerobacteraceae.

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Thermicanus

Thermicanus, is a genus of bacteria from the family of Paenibacillaceae.

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Thermicanus aegyptius

Thermicanus aegyptius is a microaerophile and thermophilic bacteria from the genus of Thermicanus which has been isolated from oxic soil in Egypt.

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Thermithiobacillus

Thermithiobacillus is a genus of non-sporeforming, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria.

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Thermithiobacillus tepidarius

Thermithiobacillus tepidarius (from the Latin tepidarium; a warm bath fed by natural thermal water) is a member of the Acidithiobacillia isolated from the thermal groundwaters of the Roman Baths at Bath, Avon, United Kingdom.

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Thermoacidophile

A thermoacidophile is an extremophilic microorganism that is both thermophilic and acidophilic; i.e., it can grow under conditions of high temperature and low pH.

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Thermoactinomycetaceae

The Thermoactinomycetaceae are a family of Gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria.

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Thermoanaerobacter

Thermoanaerobacter is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria).

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Thermoanaerobacter acetoethylicus

Thermoanaerobacter acetoethylicus, formerly called Thermobacteroides acetoethylicus, is a species of thermophilic, non-spore-forming bacteria.

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Thermoanaerobacter brockii

Thermoanaerobacter brockii, formerly Thermoanaerobium brockii, is a thermophilic, anaerobic, sporeforming bacteria.

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Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus

Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus is a species of thermophilic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria.

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Thermoanaerobacter italicus

Thermoanaerobacter italicusis a species of thermophilic, anaerobic, sporeformingbacteria.

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Thermoanaerobacter kivui

Thermoanaerobacter kivui (formerly Acetogenium kivui) is an thermophilic, anaerobic, non-sporeforming species of bacteria.

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Thermoanaerobacter mathranii

Thermoanaerobacter mathranii is a thermophilic, anaerobic, sporeforming bacteria.

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Thermoanaerobacter pseudethanolicus

Thermoanaerobacter pseudethanolicus (formerly Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum strain 39E and later Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus strain 39E) is a thermophilic, strict anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria.

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Thermoanaerobacter siderophilus

Thermoanaerobacter siderophilus is a dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing, anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium.

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Thermoanaerobacter thermocopriae

Thermoanaerobacter thermocopriae, previously known as Clostridium thermocopriae is a bacterium belonging to the Firmicutes.

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Thermoanaerobacteraceae

The Thermoanaerobacteraceae is a highly polyphyletic family of bacteria placed within the class clostridia.

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Thermoanaerobacterales Family III

Thermoanaerobacterales Family III is a family of Gram positive bacteria in the class Thermoanaerobacterales.

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Thermoanaerobacteriales

The Thermoanaerobacteriales are a polyphyletic order of bacteria placed within the polyphyletic class Clostridia, and encompassing three families: the Thermoanaerobacteraceae, the Thermodesulfobiaceae, and the Thermoanaerobacterales family III incertae sedis, and various unplaced genera.

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Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense

Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense is a slightly acidophilic, anaerobic thermophile first isolated from hot springs in New Zealand, hence its name.

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Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum

Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum, previously known as Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum is a bacterium belonging to the Firmicutes.

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Thermocrinis albus

Thermocrinis albus is a bacterium.

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Thermocrinis minervae

Thermocrinis minervae is a bacterium.

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Thermocrinis ruber

Thermocrinis ruber is a species of bacteria.

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Thermodesulfobacteria

The Thermodesulfobacteria are a phylum of thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria.

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Thermodesulfobacterium commune

Thermodesulfobacterium commune is a species of Sulfate-reducing bacteria.

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Thermodesulfobacterium hydrogeniphilum

Thermodesulfobacterium hydrogeniphilum is a species of Sulfate-reducing bacteria.

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Thermodesulfobiaceae

The family Thermodesulfobiaceae according to the LPSN is located within the order Thermoanaerobacterales and class Clostridia.

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Thermodesulforhabdus

Thermodesulforhabdus is an acetate oxidizing bacterial genus from the family of Syntrophobacteraceae.

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Thermodesulforhabdus norvegica

Thermodesulforhabdus norvegica is a species of thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria, the type and only species of its genus.

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Thermoduric bacterium

Thermoduric bacteria are bacteria which can survive, to varying extents, the pasteurisation process.

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Thermoflavimicrobium

Thermoflavimicrobium is a Gram-positive, thermophilic, aerobic and chemoorganotroph bacterial genus from the family of Thermoactinomycetaceae.

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Thermoflavimicrobium dichotomicum

Thermoflavimicrobium dichotomicum is a Gram-positive and thermophilic bacterium from the genus of Thermoflavimicrobium which has been isolated from soil.

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Thermoleophilia

The Thermoleophilia are a newly proposed class of Actinobacteria that was created from the splitting of the Rubrobacteridae, due to its phylogenetic branching order.

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Thermoleophilidae

The Thermoleophilia are a newly proposed class of Actinobacteria that was created from the splitting of the Rubrobacteridae, due to its phylogenetic branching order.

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Thermoleophilum album

Thermoleophilum album is a bacterium obligate for thermophily and n-alkane substrates, the type species of its genus.

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Thermolithobacteria

Thermolithobacteria is a class of rod-shaped Gram-positive bacteria within phylum Firmicutes.

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Thermomicrobia

The Thermomicrobia are a group of thermophilic green non-sulfur bacteria.

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Thermomonosporaceae

Thermomonosporaceae represents a Family of bacteria that share similar genotypic and phenotypic characteristics.

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Thermonema

Thermonema is a Gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic and aerobic genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae.

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Thermonema lapsum

Thermonema lapsum is a Gram-negative and thermophilic bacterium from the genus of Thermonema which has been isolated from a hot spring in Rotorua in New Zealand.

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Thermonema rossianum

Thermonema rossianum is a thermophilic and halophilic bacterium from the genus of Thermonema which has been isolated from a saline hot springs in from the Bay of Naples in Italy.

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Thermophile

A thermophile is an organism—a type of extremophile—that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between.

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Thermophobia

Thermophobia (adjective: thermophobic) is intolerance for high temperatures by either inorganic materials or organisms.

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Thermophyte

Thermophyte (Greek thérmos.

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Thermosinus

Thermosinus is a Gram-negative bacteria genus from the family of Acidaminococcaceae.

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Thermosinus carboxydivorans

Thermosinus carboxydivorans is an anaerobic, thermophilic, Gram-negative, carbon-monoxide-oxidizing, hydrogenogenic bacterium, the type species of its genus.

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Thermosyntropha

Thermosyntropha is an anaerobic, thermophilic, and heterotrophic bacterial genus from the family of Syntrophomonadaceae.

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Thermosyntropha lipolytica

Thermosyntropha lipolytica is a lipolytic, anaerobic, alkalitolerant, thermophilic bacteria.

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Thermothrix

Thermothrix is a genus of Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, thermophilic, motile bacteria with a single polar flagellum of the family Burkholderiaceae and class Betaproteobacteria.

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Thermothrix azorensis

Thermothrix azorensis is a Gram-negative, facultatively chemolithoautotrophic, nonspore-forming, aerobic, thermophilic, sulfur-oxidizing bacterium of the genus Thermothrix, isolated from a hot spring on Sao Miguel Island in the Azores.

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Thermothrix thiopara

Thermothrix thiopara is a Gram-negative, facultatively chemolithoautotrophic, thermophilic, motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum of the genus Thermothrix, isolated from a hot sulfur spring.

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Thermotoga

Thermotoga is a genus of the phylum Thermotogae.

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Thermotoga elfii

Thermotoga elfii is a rod-shaped, glucose-fermenting bacterium.

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Thermotoga hypogea

Thermotoga hypogea is a hyperthermophilic organism that is a member of the order Thermotogales.

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Thermotoga lettingae

Thermotoga lettingae is a thermophilic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, motile and Gram-negative bacterium, with type strain TMOT.

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Thermotoga maritima

Thermotoga maritima is a hyperthermophilic organism that is a member of the order Thermotogales.

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Thermotoga naphthophila

Thermotoga naphthophila is a hyperthermophilic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped fermentative heterotroph, with type strain RKU-10T.

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Thermotoga neapolitana

Thermotoga neapolitana is a hyperthermophilic organism that is a member of the order Thermotogales.

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Thermotoga petrophila

Thermotoga petrophila is a hyperthermophilic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped fermentative heterotroph, with type strain RKU-1T.

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Thermotoga subterranea

Thermotoga subterranea is a thermophilic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, motile and Gram-negative bacterium, with type strain SL1.

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Thermotogae

The Thermotogae are a phylum of the domain Bacteria.

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Thermus

Thermus is a genus of thermophilic bacteria.

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Thermus antranikianii

Thermus antranikianii is a bacterium belonging to the Deinococcus–Thermus phylum, known to be present in hazardous conditions.

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Thermus aquaticus

Thermus aquaticus is a species of bacteria that can tolerate high temperatures, one of several thermophilic bacteria that belong to the Deinococcus–Thermus group.

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Thermus igniterrae

Thermus igniterrae is a bacterium belonging to the Deinococcus–Thermus phylum, known to be present in hazardous conditions.

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Thermus thermophilus

Thermus thermophilus is a Gram negative eubacterium used in a range of biotechnological applications, including as a model organism for genetic manipulation, structural genomics, and systems biology.

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Theta defensin

Theta-defensins (θ-defensins or retrocyclins) are a family of mammalian antimicrobial peptides.

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They Got Lost

They Got Lost is a rarities compilation album by the group They Might Be Giants.

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Thiamine

Thiamine, also known as thiamin or vitamin B1, is a vitamin found in food, and manufactured as a dietary supplement and medication.

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Thiamine triphosphate

Thiamine triphosphate (ThTP) is a biomolecule found in most organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals.

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Thioalkalimicrobium

Thioalkalimicrobium is a defunct bacterial genus within the Gammaproteobacteria.

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Thioalkalivibrio

Thioalkalivibrio is a Gram-negative, mostly halophilic bacterial genus of the family Ectothiorhodospiraceae.

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Thioalkalivibrio denitrificans

Thioalkalivibrio denitrificancs is an obligately alkaliphilic and obligately chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.

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Thioalkalivibrio nitratis

Thioalkalivibrio nitratis is an obligately alkaliphilic and obligately chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.

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Thioalkalivibrio paradoxus

Thioalkalivibrio paradoxus is an alkaliphilic and obligately autotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.

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Thioalkalivibrio thiocyanoxidans

Thioalkalivibrio thiocyanoxidans is an alkaliphilic and obligately autotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.

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Thioalkalivibrio versutus

Thioalkalivibrio versutus is an obligately alkaliphilic and obligately chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.

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Thiobacillus

Thiobacillus is a genus of Gram-negative Betaproteobacteria.

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Thiobacillus denitrificans

Thiobacillus denitrificans is a Gram-negative, obligate chemolithoautotroph.

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Thioclava

In taxonomy, Thioclava is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Thiomargarita namibiensis

Thiomargarita namibiensis is a gram-negative coccoid Proteobacterium, found in the ocean sediments of the continental shelf of Namibia.

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Thiomersal controversy

The thiomersal controversy describes claims that vaccines containing the mercury-based preservative thiomersal contribute to the development of autism and other brain development disorders.

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Thiomicrospira aerophila

Thiomicrospira aerophila (basonynm: Thioalkalimicrobium aerophilum) is an obligately alkaliphilic and obligately chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium that was previously the type species of Thioalkalimicrobium prior to reclassification in 2017.

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Thiomicrospira siberica

Thiomicrospira siberica is a species of obligately alkaliphilic and obligately chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.

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Thiomonas

Thiomonas is a genus of Gram-negative, nonspore-forming bacteria from the family of Comamonadaceae.

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Thiomonas arsenitoxydans

Thiomonas arsenitoxydans is a Gram-negative, moderately acidophilic, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacterium from the genus Thiomonas, which has the ability to use arsenite as an energy source by oxidizing it.

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Thiomonas bhubaneswarensis

Thiomonas bhubaneswarensis is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, strictly aerobic, moderately thermophilic nonspore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacterium with a single polar flagellum from the genus Thiomonas, which was isolated from hot-spring sediment samples in Atri in Bhubaneswar.

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Thiomonas cuprina

Thiomonas cuprina is an As(III)-oxidizing bacterium from the genus Thiomonas.

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Thiomonas delicata

Thiomonas delicata is an As(III)-oxidizing, nonmotile bacterium from the genus Thiomonas.

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Thiomonas intermedia

Thiomonas intermedia is a Gram-negative, aerobic, moderately acidophilic bacterium from the genus Thiomonas, which has the ability to oxidise sulfur compounds.

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Thiomonas islandica

Thiomonas islandica is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium from the genus Thiomonas, which has the ability to oxidise sulfur compounds and hydrogen.

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Thiomonas perometabolis

Thiomonas perometabolis is a bacterium in the genus Thiomonas.

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Thiomonas thermosulfata

Thiomonas thermosulfata is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming bacterium from the genus Thiomonas.

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Thioploca

Thioploca is a genus of filamentous sulfur bacteria which occurs along of coast off the west of South America.

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Thioploca araucae

Thioploca araucae is a marine thioploca from the benthos of the Chilean continental shelf.

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Thioploca chileae

Thioploca chileae is a marine thioploca from the benthos of the Chilean continental shelf.

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Thiorhodospira sibirica

Thiorhodospira sibirica is a species of alkaliphilic purple sulfur bacterium.

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Thiorhodovibrio winogradskyi

Thiorhodovibrio winogradskyi is a purple sulfur bacteria, the type species of its genus.

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Thiothrix

Thiothrix is a genus of filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, related to the genera Beggiatoa and Thioploca.

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Thiotrichaceae

The Thiotrichaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, including Thiomargarita namibiensis, the largest known bacterium.

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Thiotrichales

The Thiotrichales are an order of Proteobacteria, including Thiomargarita namibiensis, the largest known bacterium.

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Thiovulum majus

Thiovulum majus is a species of bacteria and a member of the phylum Proteobacteria.

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Third-generation sequencing

Third-generation sequencing (also known as long-read sequencing) is a class of DNA sequencing methods currently under active development.

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Thomas A. Bickle

Thomas Anthony Bickle is a British/Swiss microbiologist.

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Thomas Borody

Professor Thomas Borody is an Australian gastroenterologist based in Sydney who is noted for his innovative clinical work and research in complex gastrointestinal disorders.

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Thomas J. Silhavy

Thomas J. Silhavy is the Warner-Lambert Parke-Davis Professor of molecular biology at Princeton University.

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Thomas Jonathan Burrill

Thomas Jonathan Burrill (April 25, 1839 – April 14, 1916) was an American botanist and plant pathologist who first discovered bacterial causes for plant disease.

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Thorselliaceae

Thorselliaceae is a family of bacteria belonging to the class Gammaproteobacteria and it was first described in February 2015.

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Three-domain system

The three-domain system is a biological classification introduced by Carl Woese et al. in 1977 that divides cellular life forms into archaea, bacteria, and eukaryote domains.

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Threonine ammonia-lyase

Threonine ammonia-lyase, also commonly referred to as threonine deaminase or threonine dehydratase, is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of L-threonine into alpha-ketobutyrate and ammonia.

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Threonine operon leader

The threonine operon leader is an RNA element.

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Throat irritation

Throat irritation can refer to a dry cough, a scratchy feeling at the back of the throat, a sensation of a lumpy feeling, something stuck at the back of the throat, or possibly a feeling of dust in the throat.

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Thylakoid

A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria.

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Thymidine kinase

Thymidine kinase is an enzyme, a phosphotransferase (a kinase): 2'-deoxythymidine kinase, ATP-thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.21.

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Tiết canh

Tiết canh is a traditional dish of raw blood pudding served with cooked meat in northern Vietnamese cuisine.

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Tibicos

Tibicos are a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts held in a polysaccharide biofilm matrix created by the bacteria.

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Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid

Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, or co-ticarclav, is a combination antibiotic consisting of ticarcillin, a β-lactam antibiotic, and clavulanic acid, a β-lactamase inhibitor.

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Tick

Ticks are small arachnids, part of the order Parasitiformes.

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Tick-borne disease

Tick-borne diseases, which afflict humans and other animals, are caused by infectious agents transmitted by tick bites.

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Tiia Piili

Tiia Piili (born April 16, 1979 in Lappeenranta, Finland) is a Finnish gymnast who has won the Federation of International Sports, Aerobics and Fitness (FISAF) sport aerobics World Championship four times.

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Tilman Schirmer

Tilman Schirmer is a structural biologist and Professor at the Biozentrum of the University of Basel.

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Time temperature indicator

A time temperature indicator (TTI) is a device or smart label that shows the accumulated time-temperature history of a product.

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Timeline of Bergen

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Bergen, Norway.

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Timeline of biotechnology

The historical application of biotechnology throughout time is provided below in order.

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Timeline of cholera

This is a timeline of cholera, a disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

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Timeline of Indian innovation

Timeline of Indian Innovation encompasses key events in the history of technology in the subcontinent historically referred to as India and the modern Indian state.

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Timeline of natural history

This timeline of natural history summarizes significant geological and biological events from the formation of the Earth to the arrival of modern humans.

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Timeline of peptic ulcer disease and Helicobacter pylori

This is a timeline of the events relating to the discovery that peptic ulcer disease and some cancers are caused by H. pylori.

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Timeline of plague

This is a timeline of plague, describing major events such as epidemics and key medical developments.

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Timeline of plant evolution

This article attempts to place key plant innovations in a geological context.

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Timeline of the evolutionary history of life

This timeline of the evolutionary history of life represents the current scientific theory outlining the major events during the development of life on planet Earth.

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Timeline of typhoid fever

This is a Timeline of typhoid fever, describing major events such as scientific/medical developments and notable epidemics.

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Timeline of tyrannosaur research

This timeline of tyrannosaur research is a chronological listing of events in the history of paleontology focused on the tyrannosaurs, a group of predatory theropod dinosaurs that began as small, long-armed bird-like creatures with elaborate cranial ornamentation but achieved apex predator status during the Late Cretaceous as their arms shrank and body size expanded.

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Tinea incognito

Tinea incognito is a fungal infection (mycosis) of the skin masked and often exacerbated by application of a topical immunosuppressive agent.

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Tintinnid

Tintinnids are ciliates of the choreotrich taxon Tintinnida, distinguished by vase-shaped shells, the name deriving from a Latin source meaning a small tinkling bell, that are called loricae, which are mostly protein but may incorporate minute pieces of minerals.

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Tissue tropism

Tissue tropism is the cells and tissues of a host that support growth of a particular virus or bacterium.

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Tistrella

Tistrella is a bacterial genus from the family of Rhodospirillaceae.

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Titan (Baxter novel)

Titan is a 1997 science fiction novel by British writer Stephen Baxter.

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Titration

Titration, also known as titrimetry, is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the concentration of an identified analyte.

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TLR2

Toll-like receptor 2 also known as TLR2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR2 gene.

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TMEM143

TMEM143 (Transmembrane protein 143) is a protein that in humans is encoded by TMEM143 gene.

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TMTC4

Transmembrane and Tetratricopeptide repeat containing 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMTC4 gene.

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Tobacco mosaic virus

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus, genus tobamovirus that infects a wide range of plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae.

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Tobramycin

Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces tenebrarius and used to treat various types of bacterial infections, particularly Gram-negative infections.

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Toilet plume

A toilet plume is the dispersal of microscopic particles as a result of flushing a toilet.

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Toll-like receptor

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system.

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Tolumonas

Tolumonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Tolumonas auensis

Tolumonas auensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium in the genus Tolumonas.

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Tolumonas osonensis

Tolumonas osonensis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium in the genus Tolumonas.

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Tolypothrichaceae

The Tolypothrichaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Tomato grafting

Tomato Grafting has been utilized worldwide in Asia and Europe for greenhouse and high tunnel production and is gaining popularity in the United States.

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Toner

Toner is a powder mixture used in laser printers and photocopiers to form the printed text and images on the paper, in general through a toner cartridge.

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Tonsillar crypts

The human palatine tonsils (PT) are covered by stratified squamous epithelium that extends into deep and partly branched tonsillar crypts, of which there are about 10 to 30.

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Tooth decay

Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is a breakdown of teeth due to acids made by bacteria.

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Tooth enamel

Tooth enamel is one of the four major tissues that make up the tooth in humans and many other animals, including some species of fish.

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Tooth impaction

An impacted tooth is one that fails to erupt into the dental arch within the expected developmental window.

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Toothache

Toothache, also known as dental pain,Segen JC.

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Toothbrush

The toothbrush is an oral hygiene instrument used to clean the teeth, gums, and tongue.

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Topical steroid

Topical steroids are the topical forms of corticosteroids.

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Total Viable Count

Total Viable Count (TVC), also known as (ACC) gives a quantitative idea about the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast and mold in a sample.

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Tourism in Croatia

Tourism is a major industry in Croatia.

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Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a type of severe skin reaction.

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Toxic shock syndrome

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a condition caused by bacterial toxins.

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Toxicity

Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism.

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Toxin

A toxin (from toxikon) is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms; synthetic toxicants created by artificial processes are thus excluded.

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Toxin-antitoxin database

TADB is a database of Type 2 toxin-antitoxin loci in bacterial and archaeal genomes.

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TPP riboswitch

The TPP riboswitch, also known as the THI element and Thi-box riboswitch, is a highly conserved RNA secondary structure.

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Trace fossil classification

Trace fossils are classified in various ways for different purposes.

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Tracheal cytotoxin

Tracheal cytotoxin (TCT) is a 921 dalton glycopeptide released by Bordetella pertussis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

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TraJ 5' UTR

The traJ 5' UTR is a cis acting RNA element which is involved in regulating plasmid transfer in bacteria.

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TraJ-II RNA motif

The traJ-II RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure discovered in bacteria by using bioinformatics.

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Trans-activating crRNA

In molecular biology, trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA) is a small trans-encoded RNA.

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Transantarctic Mountains

The Transantarctic Mountains (abbreviated TAM) comprise a mountain range of uplifted sedimentary rock in Antarctica which extend, with some interruptions, across the continent from Cape Adare in northern Victoria Land to Coats Land.

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Transcription (biology)

Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.

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Transcription factor II B

Transcription factor II B (TFIIB) is a general transcription factor that is involved in the formation of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) and aids in stimulating transcription initiation.

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Transduction (genetics)

Transduction is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector.

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Transfection

Transfection is the process of deliberately introducing naked or purified nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells.

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Transfusion transmitted infection

A Transfusion transmitted infection (TTI) is a virus, parasite, or other potential pathogen that can be transmitted in donated blood through a transfusion to a recipient.

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Translation initiation factor IF-3

In molecular biology, translation initiation factor IF-3 (gene infC) is one of the three factors required for the initiation of protein biosynthesis in bacteria.

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Translational frameshift

Translational frameshifting or ribosomal frameshifting refers to an alternative process of protein translation.

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Translocase

Translocase is a general term for a protein that assists in moving another molecule, usually across a membrane.

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Translocon

The translocon (commonly known as a translocator or translocation channel) is a complex of proteins associated with the translocation of polypeptides across membranes.

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Transmembrane protein

A transmembrane protein (TP) is a type of integral membrane protein that spans the entirety of the biological membrane to which it is permanently attached.

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Transmembrane Protein 175

Transmembrane Protein 175, or TMEM175, is a transmembrane protein that is not yet well understood by the scientific community.

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Transmembrane protein 251

Transmembrane protein 251, also known as C14orf109 or UPF0694, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM251 gene.

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Transmission (medicine)

In medicine, public health, and biology, transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected.

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Transmission of plant viruses

Viruses are known to infect both plant cells and animal cells.

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Transporter Classification Database

The Transporter Classification Database (or TCDB) is an International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)-approved classification system for membrane transport proteins, including ion channels.

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Transposable element

A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size.

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Transposon mutagenesis

Transposon mutagenesis, or transposition mutagenesis, is a biological process that allows genes to be transferred to a host organism's chromosome, interrupting or modifying the function of an extant gene on the chromosome and causing mutation.

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Transposon sequencing

Transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) combines transposon insertional mutagenesis with massively parallel sequencing (MPS) of the transposon insertion sites to identify genes contributing to a function of interest in bacteria.

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Traveler's diarrhea

Traveler's diarrhea (TD) is a stomach and intestinal infection.

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Tree health

Trees can live for a long time but eventually die, either from natural causes or killed by man.

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Tree hollow

A tree hollow or tree hole is a semi-enclosed cavity which has naturally formed in the trunk or branch of a tree.

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Tree of life (biology)

The tree of life or universal tree of life is a metaphor, model and research tool used to explore the evolution of life and describe the relationships between organisms, both living and extinct, as described in a famous passage in Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859).

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Trefoil knot fold

The trefoil knot fold is a protein fold in which the protein backbone is twisted into a trefoil knot shape.

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Tremors (TV series)

Tremors: The Series is a 2003 television show spun-off from the ''Tremors'' franchise.

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Treponem Pal

Treponem Pal (named after Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis) is a French industrial metal band formed in 1986.

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Treponema

Treponema is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria.

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Treponema azotonutricium

Treponema azotonutricium is a bacterium, the first termite gut spirochete to be isolated, together with Treponema primitia.

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Treponema bryantii

Treponema bryantii is a species of spirochete bacteria within the genus Treponema.

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Treponema carateum

Treponema carateum is a species of spirochete bacteria in the genus Treponema.

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Treponema isoptericolens

Treponema isoptericolens is a spirochaete from the hindgut of the termite Incisitermes tabogae.

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Treponema pallidum

Treponema pallidum is a spirochaete bacterium with subspecies that cause the diseases syphilis, bejel, and yaws.

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Treponema primitia

Treponema primitia is a bacterium, the first termite gut spirochete to be isolated, together with Treponema azotonutricium.

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Treponema socranskii

Treponema socranskii was isolated from gum swabs of people with periodontitis and clinically-induced periodontitis.

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Triamcinolone acetonide

Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid used topically to treat various skin conditions, to relieve the discomfort of mouth sores and intra-articularly by proceduralists to treat various joint conditions.

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Trichodesmium

Trichodesmium, also called sea sawdust, is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria.

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Trichodesmium erythraeum

Trichodesmium erythraeum is a species of cyanobacteria that are unique in being visible to the naked eye.

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Trichostrongylus tenuis

Trichostrongylus tenuis, also known as the strongyle worm, is a gut nematode found in the United Kingdom, sensitive to Pyrantel pamoate.

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Trickling filter

A trickling filter is a type of wastewater treatment system first used by Dibden and Clowes It consists of a fixed bed of rocks, lava, coke, gravel, slag, polyurethane foam, sphagnum peat moss, ceramic, or plastic media over which sewage or other wastewater flows downward and causes a layer of microbial slime (biofilm) to grow, covering the bed of media.

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Tricuspid valve

The tricuspid valve, or right atrioventricular valve, is on the right dorsal side of the mammalian heart, between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

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Triethylene glycol

Triethylene glycol, TEG, or triglycol is a colorless odorless viscous liquid with molecular formula HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH.

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Triglyceride

A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids (from tri- and glyceride).

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Trimeric autotransporter adhesin

In molecular biology, trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs), are proteins found on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Trimethoprim/polymyxin

The drug combination trimethoprim/polymyxin (INNs, trade name Polytrim) is an antimicrobial solution for topical ophthalmic use in the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis and blepharoconjunctivitis.

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Triosephosphate isomerase

Triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI or TIM) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of the triose phosphate isomers dihydroxyacetone phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

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Tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporter

Tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporters (TRAP transporters) are a large family of solute transporters found in bacteria and archaea, but not in eukaryotes, that appear to be specific for the uptake of organic acids or related molecules containing a carboxylate or sulfonate group.

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Triticale

Triticale (× Triticosecale), is a hybrid of wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale) first bred in laboratories during the late 19th century in Scotland and Germany.

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Tritrichomonas

Tritrichomonas is a genus of single celled flagellated parasitic excavates, some of whose species are known to be pathogens of the bovine reproductive tract as well as the intestinal tract of felines.

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Tropheryma whipplei

Tropheryma whipplei, formerly called Tropheryma whippelii, is a bacterium and the causative organism of Whipple's disease and, rarely, of endocarditis.

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Trophic level

The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food chain.

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Tropical agriculture

Worldwide more human beings gain their livelihood from agriculture than any other endeavor; the majority are self-employed subsistence farmers living in the tropics.

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Tropical salt pond ecosystem

Salt ponds are a natural feature of both temperate and tropical coastlines.

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Trovafloxacin

Trovafloxacin (sold as Trovan by Pfizer and Turvel by Laboratorios Almirall) was a broad spectrum antibiotic that inhibits the uncoiling of supercoiled DNA in various bacteria by blocking the activity of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.

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Trp operon

The trp operon is an operon—a group of genes that is used, or transcribed, together—that codes for the components for production of tryptophan.

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Truepera

Truepera is one genus of bacteria in the family Trueperaceae from the phylum Dienococcus-Thermus.

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Trueperella pyogenes

Trueperella pyogenes is a species of bacteria that are nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, and gram-positive.

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Tryptic soy broth

Tryptic soy broth or Trypticase soy broth (frequently abbreviated as TSB) is used in microbiology laboratories as a culture broth to grow aerobic bacteria.

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Trypticase soy agar

Trypticase soy agar or tryptone soya agar (TSA) and Trypticase soy broth or tryptone soya broth (TSB) with agar are growth media for the culturing of bacteria.

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Tryptone

Tryptone is the assortment of peptides formed by the digestion of casein by the protease trypsin.

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Tryptophan operon leader

The Tryptophan operon leader is an RNA element found at the 5' of some bacterial tryptophan operons.

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Tryptophan repressor

Tryptophan repressor (or trp repressor) is a transcription factor involved in controlling amino acid metabolism.

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Tryptophan synthase

Tryptophan synthase or tryptophan synthetase is an enzyme that catalyzes the final two steps in the biosynthesis of tryptophan.

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Tsukamurella

Tsukamurella is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and obligate aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Tsukamurellaceae.

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Tsukamurella carboxydivorans

Tsukamurella carboxydivorans is a Gram-positive and carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacterium from the genus of Tsukamurella which has been isolated from soil near a road from Seoul in Korea.

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Tsukamurella hongkongensis

Tsukamurella hongkongensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Tsukamurella which has been isolated from a human clinical sample in the Queen Mary Hospital in Hong Kong.

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Tsukamurella inchonensis

Tsukamurella inchonensis is a bacterium with type strain IMMIB D-771T (.

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Tsukamurella pseudospumae

Tsukamurella pseudospumae is a bacterium from the genus of Tsukamurella which has been isolated from activated sludge foam from an activated sludge treatment plant in England.

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Tsukamurella pulmonis

Tsukamurella pulmonis is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Tsukamurella which has been isolated from the sputum from a patient with lung tuberculosis in Germany.

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Tsukamurella sinensis

Tsukamurella sinensis is a bacterium from the genus of Tsukamurella which has been isolated from a patient from the Queen Mary Hospital in Hong Kong.

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Tsukamurella soli

Tsukamurella soli is a Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Tsukamurella which has been isolated from forest soil from the Hallasan mountain on the Jeju island in Korea.

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Tsukamurella spongiae

Tsukamurella spongiae is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Tsukamurella which has been isolated from a sponge from the coast of Curaçao in the Netherlands Antilles.

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Tsukamurella spumae

Tsukamurella spumae is a bacterium from the genus of Tsukamurella which has been isolated from foam from an activated sludge plant in England.

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Tsukamurella strandjordii

Tsukamurella strandjordii is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Tsukamurella which has been isolated from the blood of a young girl with acute mycelogenous leukemia.

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Tsukamurella sunchonensis

Tsukamurella sunchonensis is a bacterium from the genus of Tsukamurella which has been isolated from activated sludge in Suncheon in Korea.

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Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens

Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Tsukamurella.

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Tuberculinic acid

Tuberculinic acid is a noncanonical nucleic acid initially identified as the poison of Tubercle bacillus (.

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Tuberculosis in India

In India, each year, approx.

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Tuberculostearic acid

Tuberculostearic acid is a saturated fatty acid produced by Actinomycetales bacteria.

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Tubifex tubifex

Tubifex tubifex, also called the sludge worm, or sewage worm, is a species of tubificid segmented worm that inhabits the sediments of lakes and rivers on several continents.

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Tubulin

Tubulin in molecular biology can refer either to the tubulin protein superfamily of globular proteins, or one of the member proteins of that superfamily.

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Tubulin domain

Tubulin/FtsZ family, GTPase domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain.

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Tularemia

Tularemia, also known as rabbit fever, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis.

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Tullimonstrum

Tullimonstrum, colloquially known as the Tully Monster, is an extinct genus of soft-bodied bilaterian that lived in shallow tropical coastal waters of muddy estuaries during the Pennsylvanian geological period, about 300 million years ago.

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Tumor necrosis factor alpha

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα, cachexin, or cachectin) is a cell signaling protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation and is one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction.

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Tunicamycin

Tunicamycin is a mixture of homologous nucleoside antibiotics that inhibits the UDP-HexNAc: polyprenol-P HexNAc-1-P family of enzymes.

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Tunicate

A tunicate is a marine invertebrate animal, a member of the subphylum Tunicata, which is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords.

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Tunicatimonas

Tunicatimonas is a genus from the family of Flammeovirgaceae with one known species (Tunicatimonas pelagia).

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Tunicatimonas pelagia

Tunicatimonas pelagia is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Tunicatimonas which has been isolated from a sea anemone.

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Turanose

Turanose is a reducing disaccharide.

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Turbidity

Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air.

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Turgor pressure

Turgor pressure is the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall.

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Turicella otitidis

Turicella otitidis is a Coryneform Gram-positive bacterium first isolated from patients with otitis media.

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Turicibacter

Turicibacter is a genus in the Firmicutes phylum of bacteria that has most commonly been found in the guts of animals.

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Tuscarora Creek (Monocacy River tributary)

Tuscarora Creek is a U.S. Geological Survey.

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Tutaleni Housing Project

Tutaleni (meaning let’s watch in Oshiwambo) is an informal settlement on the northern outskirts of Walvis Bay, Erongo, Namibia.

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Twin-arginine translocation pathway

The twin-arginine translocation pathway (Tat pathway) is a protein export, or secretion pathway found in plants, bacteria, and archaea.

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Twister ribozyme

The twister ribozyme is a catalytic RNA structure capable of self-cleavage.

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Two-component regulatory system

In the field of molecular biology, a two-component regulatory system serves as a basic stimulus-response coupling mechanism to allow organisms to sense and respond to changes in many different environmental conditions.

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Two-empire system

The two-empire system (two-superkingdom system) was the top-level biological classification system in general use before the establishment of the three-domain system.

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TwoAYGGAY RNA motif

The TwoAYGGAY RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure identified by bioinformatics.

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TyeA protein domain

In molecular biology, the protein domain TyeA is short for Translocation of Yops into eukaryotic cells A. It controls the release of Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) which help Yersinia evade the immune system.

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Tyndallization

Tyndallization is a process dating from the nineteenth century for sterilizing substances, usually food, named after its inventor, scientist John Tyndall, that can be used to kill heat-resistant endospores.

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Type three secretion system

Type three secretion system (often written Type III secretion system and abbreviated TTSS or T3SS, also called Injectisome) is a protein appendage found in several Gram-negative bacteria.

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Ubi pus, ibi evacua

Ubi pus, ibi evacua is a Latin aphorism or adage, often cited in medicine, meaning "where pus, there evacuate ". It refers to what clinicians should do when there is a collection of pus in the body; that is, to create an opening for it to evacuate.

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Ubiquinol oxidase

Ubiquinol oxidases are enzymes in the bacterial electron transport chain that oxidise ubiquinol into ubiquinone and reduce oxygen to water.

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UDP-3-O-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase

In molecular biology, UDP-3-O-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (also known as UDP-3-O- N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase or UDP-3-O-acyl-GlcNAc deacetylase),, is a bacterial enzyme involved in lipid A biosynthesis.

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UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase

UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase (UDP-ManNAc 6-dehydrogenase, wecC (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosamine:NAD+ 6-oxidoreductase.

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UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (hydrolysing)

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (hydrolysing) (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase, GNE (gene), siaA (gene), neuC (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine hydrolase (2-epimerising).

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Ugly Americans (TV series)

Ugly Americans is an American adult animated sitcom created by Devin Clark and developed by David M. Stern.

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Uguisu no fun

Uguisu no fun (Japanese: 鶯の糞, also called the ""), which literally means "nightingale feces" in Japanese, refers to the excrement (fun) produced by a particular nightingale called the Japanese bush warbler (''Cettia diphone'') (uguisu).

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Ulcer index

The ulcer index is a stock market risk measure or technical analysis indicator devised by Peter Martin in 1987, and published by him and Byron McCann in their 1989 book The Investors Guide to Fidelity Funds.

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Ultramicrobacteria

Ultramicrobacteria are bacteria that are smaller than 0.1 μm3 under all growth conditions.

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Ultrasound

Ultrasound is sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing.

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Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation

Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is a disinfection method that uses short-wavelength ultraviolet (UV-C) light to kill or inactivate microorganisms by destroying nucleic acids and disrupting their DNA, leaving them unable to perform vital cellular functions.

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Uncanny valley

In aesthetics, the uncanny valley is a hypothesized relationship between the degree of an object's resemblance to a human being and the emotional response to such an object.

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Underarm hair

Underarm hair, also known as axillary hair, is the hair in the underarm area (axilla).

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Underfloor heating

Underfloor heating and cooling is a form of central heating and cooling which achieves indoor climate control for thermal comfort using conduction, radiation and convection.

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Undibacterium

Undibacterium is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive Betaproteobacteria in the Oxalobacteraceae family.

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Undibacterium oligocarboniphilum

Undibacterium oligocarboniphilum is a Gram-negative, oxidase positive, catalase positive, flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Undibacterium which was isolated from purified water.

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Undibacterium parvum

Undibacterium parvum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, oxidase positive, nonspore-forming, and low nutrient-loving bacterium of the genus Undibacterium and family Oxalobacteraceae which was found in drinking water.

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Undibacterium pigrum

Undibacterium pigrum is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, oxidase positive, nonspore-forming, and nonmotile bacterium of the genus Undibacterium, which was found in drinking water.

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Unethical human experimentation

Unethical human experimentation is human experimentation that violates the principles of medical ethics, such as the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Unicellular organism

A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of only one cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of more than one cell.

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United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases

The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID; pronounced: you-SAM-rid) is the U.S Army’s main institution and facility for defensive research into countermeasures against biological warfare.

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Universal stress protein

The universal stress protein (USP) domain is a superfamily of conserved genes which can be found in bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa and plants.

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Unsuccessful transfer

Unsuccessful transfer or abortive transfer is any bacterial DNA transfer from donor cells to recipient cells that fails to survive transduction and conjugation.

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Upstream open reading frame

An Upstream Open Reading Frame (uORF) is an open reading frame (ORF) within the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of an mRNA.

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Uptake hexose phosphate

The Uptake of Hexose Phosphates (Uhp) is a protein system found in bacteria.

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Uptake signal sequence

Uptake signal sequence (USS) are short DNA sequences preferentially taken up by competent bacteria belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family (e.g., Haemophilus influenzae).

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Uracil

Uracil (U) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of RNA that are represented by the letters A, G, C and U. The others are adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

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Uranium

Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92.

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Uranium sulfate

Uranium sulfate (U(SO4)2) is a water-soluble salt of uranium.

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Urate oxidase

The enzyme urate oxidase (UO), or uricase or factor-independent urate hydroxylase, absent in humans, catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate.

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Urban plague

Urban plague is an infectious disease among rodent species that live in close association with humans in urban areas.

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Urea breath test

The urea breath test is a rapid diagnostic procedure used to identify infections by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral bacterium implicated in gastritis, gastric ulcer, and peptic ulcer disease.

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Ureaplasma canigenitalium

Ureaplasma canigenitalium is a species of Ureaplasma, a genus of bacteria belonging to the family Mycoplasmataceae.

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Ureaplasma cati

Ureaplasma cati is a species of Ureaplasma, a genus of bacteria belonging to the family Mycoplasmataceae.

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Ureaplasma diversum

Ureaplasma diversum is a species of Ureaplasma, a genus of bacteria belonging to the family Mycoplasmataceae.

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Ureaplasma felinum

Ureaplasma felinum is a species of Ureaplasma, a genus of bacteria belonging to the family Mycoplasmataceae.

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Ureaplasma gallorale

Ureaplasma gallorale is a species of Ureaplasma, a genus of bacteria belonging to the family Mycoplasmataceae.

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Ureaplasma loridis

Ureaplasma loridis is a species of Ureaplasma, a genus of bacteria belonging to the family Mycoplasmataceae.

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Ureaplasma parvum

Ureaplasma parvum is a species of Ureaplasma, a genus of bacteria belonging to the family Mycoplasmataceae.

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Ureaplasma urealyticum

Ureaplasma urealyticum is a bacterium belonging to the genus Ureaplasma and the family Mycoplasmataceae in the order Mycoplasmatales.

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Urease

Ureases, functionally, belong to the superfamily of amidohydrolases and phosphotriesterases.

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Ureibacillus

Ureibacillus is a genus of gram-positive bacteria.

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Ureibacillus terrenus

Ureibacillus terrenus is a species of bacteria with type species TH9AT (.

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Ureidopenicillin

The ureidopenicillins are a group of penicillins which are active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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Ureterosigmoidostomy

A ureterosigmoidostomy is a surgical procedure where the ureters which carry urine from the kidneys, are diverted into the sigmoid colon.

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Urethritis

Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra.

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Urinary tract infection

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract.

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Urobilinogen

Urobilinogen is a colorless by-product of bilirubin reduction.

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Urologic disease

Urologic disease is any congenital or acquired dysfunction of the urinary system.

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Uropygial gland

The uropygial gland, informally known as the preen gland or the oil gland, is a bilobate sebaceous gland possessed by the majority of birds.

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Urs Jenal

Urs Jenal is a Swiss Microbiologist and Professor at the Biozentrum University of Basel, Switzerland.

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US Microbics

U.S. Microbics is a biotech holding company.

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Uses of compost

Uses of compost describes the range of beneficial uses for compost.

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Uterine microbiome

The uterine microbiome is the commensal, nonpathogenic, bacteria, viruses, yeasts/fungi present in a healthy uterus, amniotic fluid and endometrium and the specific environment which they inhabit.

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UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase

UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase also known as glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (or UDP–glucose pyrophosphorylase) is an enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism.

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Utricularia

Utricularia, commonly and collectively called the bladderworts, is a genus of carnivorous plants consisting of approximately 233 species (precise counts differ based on classification opinions; a 2001 publication lists 215 species).

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V(D)J recombination

V(D)J recombination is the unique mechanism of genetic recombination that occurs only in developing lymphocytes during the early stages of T and B cell maturation.

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V0-morph

An V0-morph is an organism that changes in shape during growth such that its surface area is proportional to its volume to the power 0, so its surface area is constant.

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Vaccine

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease.

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Vaccine therapy

Vaccine therapy is a type of treatment that uses a substance or group of substances to stimulate the immune system to destroy a tumor or infectious microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses.

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Vachellia seyal

Vachellia seyal, the red acacia, known also as the shittah tree (the source of shittim wood), is a thorny, high tree with a pale greenish or reddish bark.

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Vacuole

A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in all plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal and bacterial cells.

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Vacuum cleaner

A vacuum cleaner, also known as a sweeper or hoover, is a device that uses an air pump (a centrifugal fan in all but some of the very oldest models), to create a partial vacuum to suck up dust and dirt, usually from floors, and from other surfaces such as upholstery and draperies.

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Vagococcus

Vagococcus is a genus of gram-positive bacteria.

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Vagococcus acidifermentans

Vagococcus acidifermentans is a Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, nonspore-forming, facultatively species of anaerobic bacteria.

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Vagococcus carniphilus

Vagococcus carniphilus is a Gram-positive, nonspore-forming species of bacteria.

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Vagococcus fluvialis

Vagococcus fluvialis is a species of bacteria.

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Vagococcus penaei

Vagococcus penaei is a species of bacteria.

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Vagococcus salmoninarum

Vagococcus salmoninarum is a species of bacteria, with type strain NCFB 2777.

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ValuJet Flight 592

ValuJet Flight 592 was a regularly scheduled flight from Miami International Airport to Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport.

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Vampire literature

Vampire literature covers the spectrum of literary work concerned principally with the subject of vampires.

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Vampirococcus

Vampirococcus is an informally described genus of ovoid Gram-negative bacteria, but the exact phylogeny remains to be determined.

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Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus

Vampirovibrio chorellavorus is a 0.6 µm pleomorphic cocci with a gram negative cell wall,Esteve, I., R. Guerrero, E. Montesinos, and C. AbellÃ.

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Vanadium nitrogenase

Vanadium nitrogenase is a key enzyme for nitrogen fixation found in nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and is used as an alternative to molybdenum nitrogenase when molybdenum is unavailable.

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Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, or vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), are bacterial strains of the genus Enterococcus that are resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin.

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Vapor steam cleaner

Vapor steam cleaners or steam vapor systems are cleaning appliances or devices that use steam to quickly dry, clean, and sanitize inanimate surfaces.

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Variovorax

Variovorax is a Gram-negative and motile genus of bacteria from the family Comamonadaceae.

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Variovorax boronicumulans

Variovorax boronicumulans is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacterium from the genus Variovorax.

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Variovorax defluvii

Variovorax defluvii is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, motile bacterium from the genus Variovorax, which was isolated from the sewage in the Geumho River in Korea.

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Variovorax dokdonensis

Variovorax dokdonensis is a Gram-negative, motile bacterium from the genus Variovorax, which was isolated from soil in Dokdo in Korea.

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Variovorax ginsengisoli

Variovorax ginsengisoli is a Gram-negative, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacterium from the genus Variovorax, which was isolated from soil from a ginseng field in Pocheon in South Korea.

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Variovorax paradoxus

Variovorax paradoxus is a gram negative, beta proteobacterium from the genus Variovorax.

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Variovorax soli

Variovorax soli is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming, motile bacterium from the genus Variovorax, which was isolated from greenhouse soil.

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Vector control

Vector control is any method to limit or eradicate the mammals, birds, insects or other arthropods (here collectively called "vectors") which transmit disease pathogens.

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Vegan nutrition

Vegan nutrition refers to the nutritional aspects of vegan diets – diets which include no animal products.

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Vegetative reproduction

Vegetative reproduction (also known as vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication or vegetative cloning) is any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant or grows from a specialized reproductive structure.

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Veggie burger

A veggie burger does not contain meat.

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Veillonella

Veillonella are Gram-negative bacteria (Gram stain pink) anaerobic cocci.

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Veillonella parvula

Veillonella parvula is a bacterium in the genus Veillonella.

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Velamen

Velamen is a spongy, multiple epidermis that covers the roots of some epiphytic or semi-epiphytic plants, such as orchid and Clivia species.

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Venenivibrio stagnispumantis

Venenivibrio stagnispumantis strain CP.B2 is the first microorganisms isolated from the terrestrial hot spring Champagne Pool (75 °C, pH 5.5) in Waiotapu, New Zealand.

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Venues of the 2004 Summer Olympics

For the 2004 Summer Olympics, a total of thirty-five sports venues were used.

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Verminephrobacter

Verminephrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that colonize the nephridia of earthworms within the family Lumbricidae.

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Verrucomicrobia

Verrucomicrobia is a phylum of bacteria.

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Verrucosispora

Verrucosispora is a bacterial genus from the family of Micromonosporaceae.

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Verrucosispora andamanensis

Verrucosispora andamanensis is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Verrucosispora which has been isolated from the sponge Xestospongia near Phuket in Thailand.

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Verrucosispora fiedleri

Verrucosispora fiedleri is a bacterium from the genus of Verrucosispora which has been isolated from sediments from Norway.

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Verrucosispora gifhornensis

Verrucosispora gifhornensis is a member of the actinobacterial familyMicromonosporaceae, being the type species of its genus.

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Verrucosispora lutea

Verrucosispora lutea is a Gram-positive, aerobic and spore-forming bacterium from the genus of Verrucosispora which has been isolated from mangrove sediments in the Guangdong Province in China.

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Verrucosispora maris

Verrucosispora maris is a bacterium from the genus of Verrucosispora which has been isolated from deep-sea sediments from the Sea of Japan near Japan.

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Verrucosispora qiuiae

Verrucosispora qiuiae is a bacterium from the genus of Verrucosispora which has been isolated from mangrove soil in Sanya in China.

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Verrucosispora sediminis

Verrucosispora sediminis is a bacterium from the genus of Verrucosispora which has been isolated from deep sea sediments from the South China Sea.

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Verrucosispora wenchangensis

Verrucosispora wenchangensis is a bacterium from the genus of Verrucosispora which has been isolated from mangrove soil in Wenchang on Hainan in China.

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Vertical form fill sealing machine

A vertical form fill sealing machine is a type of automated assembly-line product packaging system, commonly used in the packaging industry for food, and a wide variety of other products.

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Vertically transmitted infection

A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by pathogens (such as bacteria and viruses) that uses mother-to-child transmission, that is, transmission directly from the mother to an embryo, fetus, or baby during pregnancy or childbirth.

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Very Short Introductions

Very Short Introductions (VSI) are a book series published by the Oxford University Press (OUP).

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Very short patch repair

Very short patch (VSP) repair is a DNA repair system that removes GT mismatches created by the deamination of 5-methylcytosine to thymine.

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Vesicle (biology and chemistry)

In cell biology, a vesicle is a small structure within a cell, or extracellular, consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer.

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Vestergaard Frandsen

Vestergaard is a company headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland that manufactures public health tools for people in developing countries.

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VetBact

The VetBact database contains information about bacteria that are of interest in veterinary medicine.

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Viable but nonculturable

Viable but nonculturable (VBNC) bacteria refers to bacteria that are in a state of very low metabolic activity and do not divide, but are alive and have the ability to become culturable once resuscitated.

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Vibrio alginolyticus

Vibrio alginolyticus is a Gram-negative marine bacterium.

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Vibrio anguillarum

Vibrio anguillarum is a species of Gram-negative bacteria with a curved-rod shape and one polar flagellum.

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Vibrio azasii

Vibrio azasii (Vibrio sp. Azasii) is a bioluminescent bacterium belonging to vibrio spp. It is a Gram-negative bacterium possessing a curved rod shape (comma shape) and moves by means of flagella.

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Vibrio campbellii

Vibrio campbellii is a Gram-negative, curved rod-shaped, marine bacterium closely related to its sister species, Vibrio harveyi.

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Vibrio casei

Vibrio casei is a Gram-negative species of bacterium in the genus Vibrio.

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Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium.

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Vibrio cholerae ToxT activated RNAs

In molecular biology, Vibrio cholerae ToxT activated RNAs are small RNAs which are produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

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Vibrio coralliilyticus

Vibrio coralliilyticus is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Vibrio cyclitrophicus

Vibrio cyclitrophicus (previously known as Vibrio cyclotrophicus) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading marine bacterium.

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Vibrio diabolicus

Vibrio diabolicus is a polysaccharide-secreting bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaete annelid, Alvinella pompejana.

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Vibrio fluvialis

Vibrio fluvialis is a water-borne bacterium first isolated from patients with severe diarrhoea in Bahrain in the 1970s by A. L. Furniss and his colleagues, and is considered to be an emerging pathogen with the potential to have a significant impact on public health.

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Vibrio furnissii

Vibrio furnissii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Vibrio harveyi

Vibrio harveyi is a Gram-negative, bioluminescent, marine bacterium in the genus Vibrio.

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Vibrio mimicus

Vibrio mimicus is a Vibrio species that mimics V. cholerae.

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Vibrio mytili

Vibrio mytili is a Gram-negative species of bacterium in the genus Vibrio.

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Vibrio natriegens

Vibrio natriegens is a Gram-negative marine bacterium.

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Vibrio ordalii

Vibrio ordalii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a curved, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium found in brackish saltwater, which, when ingested, causes gastrointestinal illness in humans.

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Vibrio pectenicida

Vibrio pectenicida is a pathogenic bacterium which attacks larvae of the scallop Pecten maximus.

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Vibrio phage K139

Vibrio phage K139 is a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) of the family Myoviridae, genus Hpunalikevirus.

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Vibrio phage Kappa

Vibrio phage Kappa is a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) of the family Myoviridae, genus Hpunalikevirus.

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Vibrio regulatory RNA of OmpA

VrrA (Vibrio regulatory RNA of OmpA) is a non-coding RNA that is conserved across all Vibrio species of bacteria and acts as a repressor for the synthesis of the outer membrane protein OmpA.

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Vibrio tapetis

Vibrio tapetis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, the causative agent of the brown ring disease that affects cultured clams.

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Vibrio tubiashii

Vibrio tubiashii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped (0.5 um-1.5 um) marine bacterium that uses a single polar flagellum for motility.

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Vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio vulnificus is a species of Gram-negative, motile, curved, rod-shaped (bacillus), pathogenic bacteria of the genus Vibrio.

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Vibrionaceae

The Vibrionaceae are a family of Proteobacteria given their own order.

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Victivallis vadensis

Victivallis vadensis is a Gram-negative, coccus-shaped, bacteria found in the human digestive tract.

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Victoria Orphan

Victoria J. Orphan is a geobiologist at the California Institute of Technology who studies the interactions between marine microorganisms and their environment.

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Vimentin

Vimentin is a structural protein that in humans is encoded by the VIM gene.

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Vincent Wigglesworth

Sir Vincent Brian Wigglesworth CBE FRS (17 April 1899 – 11 February 1994) was a British entomologist who made significant contributions to the field of insect physiology.

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Viral eukaryogenesis

Viral eukaryogenesis is the hypothesis that the cell nucleus of eukaryotic life forms evolved from a large DNA virus in a form of endosymbiosis within a methanogenic archaeon.

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Viral plaque

A viral plaque is a visible structure formed within a cell culture, such as bacterial cultures within some nutrient medium (e.g. agar).

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Virchow's triad

Virchow's triad or the triad of Virchow describes the three broad categories of factors that are thought to contribute to thrombosis.

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Viremia

Viremia (UK: viraemia) is a medical condition where viruses enter the bloodstream and hence have access to the rest of the body.

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Virgibacillus

Virgibacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped (bacillus) bacteria and a member of the phylum Firmicutes.

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Virgibacillus alimentarius

Virgibacillus alimentarius is a bacterium first isolated from a traditional Korean food, hence its name.

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Virgibacillus arcticus

Virgibacillus arcticus is a bacterium.

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Virgibacillus carmonensis

Virgibacillus carmonensis is a bacterium.

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Virgibacillus chiguensis

Virgibacillus chiguensis is a bacterium.

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Virgibacillus necropolis

Virgibacillus necropolis is a bacterium.

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Virgibacillus proomii

Virgibacillus proomii is a species of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Virgibacillus salexigens

Virgibacillus salexigens is a species of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Virgibacillus siamensis

Virgibacillus siamensis is a bacterium.

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Virgibacillus soli

Virgibacillus soli is a species of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Virginia Livingston

Virginia Livingston (1906–1990) was an American physician and cancer researcher who advocated the unsupported theory that a specific species of bacteria she named Progenitor cryptocides was the primary cause of cancer in humans.

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Virginijus Šikšnys

Virginijus Šikšnys (born January 26, 1956) is a Lithuanian biochemist.

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Virgisporangium

Virgisporangium is a genus of gram-positive bacteria.

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Virgisporangium aurantiacum

Virgisporangium aurantiacum is a bacterium.

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Virgisporangium ochraceum

Virgisporangium ochraceum is a bacterium.

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Viridans streptococci

The viridans streptococci are a large group of commensal streptococcal Gram-positive bacteria species that are either α-hemolytic, producing a green coloration on blood agar plates (hence the name "viridans", from Latin "vĭrĭdis", green), or nonhemolytic.

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Virino

The virino is a hypothetical infectious particle that was once theorized to be the cause of scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the central nervous system; it was thought to consist of nucleic acids in a protective coat of host cell proteins.

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Viriome

The viriome of a habitat or environment is the total virus content within it.

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Virkon

Virkon is a multi-purpose disinfectant.

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Virology

Virology is the study of viruses – submicroscopic, parasitic particles of genetic material contained in a protein coat – and virus-like agents.

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Virology (journal)

Virology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in virology.

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Virtual colony count

Virtual colony count (VCC) is a kinetic, 96-well microbiological assay originally developed to measure the activity of defensins.

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Virulence

Virulence is a pathogen's or microbe's ability to infect or damage a host.

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Virulence factor

Virulence factors are molecules produced by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa that add to their effectiveness and enable them to achieve the following.

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Virus

A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms.

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Vitals (novel)

Vitals is a 2002 science fiction/techno-thriller novel by American writer Greg Bear, nominated for a John W. Campbell Memorial Award in 2002.

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Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body: it is a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.

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Vitamin K

Vitamin K is a group of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins that the human body requires for complete synthesis of certain proteins that are prerequisites for blood coagulation (K from Koagulation, Danish for "coagulation") and which the body also needs for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues.

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Vitamin K epoxide reductase

Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) is an enzyme that reduces vitamin K after it has been oxidised in the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in blood coagulation enzymes.

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Vitamin K2

Vitamin K2 or menaquinone has nine related compounds, generally subdivided into the short-chain menaquinones (with MK-4 as the most important member) and the long-chain menaquinones, of which MK-7, MK-8 and MK-9 are nutritionally the most recognized.

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Vitreoscilla

Vitreoscilla is a genus of Gram-negative aerobic bacterium.

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Voges–Proskauer test

Voges–Proskauer or VP is a test used to detect acetoin in a bacterial broth culture.

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Vogesella indigofera

Vogesella indigofera is a strictly aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium.

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Voltage-gated proton channel

Voltage-gated proton channels are ion channels that have the unique property of opening with depolarization, but in a strongly pH-sensitive manner.

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Vorticella

Vorticella is a genus of bell-shaped ciliates that have stalks to attach themselves to substrates.

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Vorticella campanula

The protozoon Vorticella campanula is found in freshwater ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams with aquatic vegetation.

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Vulva

The vulva (wrapper, covering, plural vulvae or vulvas) consists of the external female sex organs.

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Vulvovaginal health

Vulvovaginal health is the health and sanitation of the human vulva and vagina.

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Waddlia

Waddlia is a genus of bacteria in its own family, Waddliaceae.

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Waldemar Haffkine

Sir Waldemar Mordechai Wolff Haffkine, CIE (Мордехай-Вольф Хавкин) (15 March 1860 – 26 October 1930) was a bacteriologist from the Russian Empire whose career was blighted in Russia because he refused to convert from Judaism to Russian Orthodox Christianity.

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Walter Dobrogosz

Walter Dobrogosz is a Professor Emeritus of North Carolina State University, best known for his discovery and further research on the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri.

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Walter H. Burkholder

Walter Hagemeyer Burkholder (February 1, 1891– January 31, 1983) was an American plant pathologist who helped establish the role of bacteria as plant pathogens.

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Walter Migula

Emil Friedrich August Walter (or Walther) Migula (born 1863 in Żyrowa, Poland; died 1938 in Eisenach, Germany) was a Poland-born German botanist.

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Walther Kruse

Walther Kruse (September 8, 1864 - 1943) was a German bacteriologist who was a native of Berlin.

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War of the Worlds (2005 film)

War of the Worlds is a 2005 American science fiction horror film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Josh Friedman and David Koepp, loosely based on the novel of the same title by H. G. Wells.

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Washdown

Washdown (also wash down) is the process of high-pressure cleaning with water and/or chemicals in industries such as food and beverage and pharmaceuticals.

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Washi

is traditional Japanese paper.

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Washing machine

A washing machine (laundry machine, clothes washer, or washer) is a device used to wash laundry.

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Washington State Penitentiary

Washington State Penitentiary (also called the Walla Walla State Penitentiary) is a Washington State Department of Corrections men's prison located in Walla Walla, Washington.

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Wasp

A wasp is any insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that is neither a bee nor an ant.

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Waste stabilization pond

Waste stabilization ponds (WSPs or stabilization ponds or waste stabilization lagoons) are ponds designed and built for wastewater treatment to reduce the organic content and remove pathogens from wastewater.

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Waste tires

Waste or Scrap tires, also known as End-of-Life Tires (ELT), are used rubber tires that because of their abrasion state ("tire wear") are not safe for public traffic.

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Wastewater

Wastewater (or waste water) is any water that has been affected by human use.

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Water activity

Water activity or aw is the partial vapor pressure of water in a substance divided by the standard state partial vapor pressure of water.

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Water buffalo

The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) or domestic Asian water buffalo is a large bovid originating in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and China.

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Water chlorination

Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or hypochlorite to water.

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Water damage

Water damage describes a large number of possible losses caused by water intruding where it will enable attack of a material or system by destructive processes such as rotting of wood, growth, rusting of steel, de-laminating of materials such as plywood, and many others.

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Water filter

A water filter removes impurities by lowering contamination of water using a fine physical barrier, a chemical process, or a biological process.

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Water injection (oil production)

In the oil industry, waterflooding or water injection is where water is injected into the oil field, usually to increase pressure and thereby stimulate production.

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Water justice

Water justice refers to the access of individuals to clean water.

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Water purification

Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from water.

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Water quality

Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, biological, and radiological characteristics of water.

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Water rail

The water rail (Rallus aquaticus) is a bird of the rail family which breeds in well-vegetated wetlands across Europe, Asia and North Africa.

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Water stagnation

Water stagnation occurs when water stops flowing.

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Water tank

A water tank is a container for storing water.

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Water treatment

Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it more acceptable for a specific end-use.

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Water well

A water well is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, boring, or drilling to access groundwater in underground aquifers.

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Waterborne diseases

Waterborne diseases are conditions caused by pathogenic micro-organisms that are transmitted in water.

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WateReuse

WateReuse is an international group of individuals and organizations working together to create a new source of water.

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Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome

Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome (WFS) is defined as adrenal gland failure due to bleeding into the adrenal glands, commonly caused by severe bacterial infection: Typically it is caused by Neisseria meningitidis.

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Wautersiella

Wautersiella is a genus of bacteria most closely related to Empedobacter brevis in the family Flavobacteriaceae and the order Flavobacteriales.

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WcaG RNA motif

The wcaG RNA motif is an RNA structure conserved in some bacteria that was detected by bioinformatics.

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Weapon X

Weapon X is a fictional clandestine government genetic research facility project appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

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Weissella

Weissella is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, placed within the family Leuconostocaceae, and formerly considered species of the Leuconostoc paramesenteroides group. The morphology of Weissella species varies from spherical or lenticular cells to irregular rods.

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Weissella cibaria

Weissella cibaria is a species of Gram-positive bacteria, placed within the family of Leuconostocaceae.

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Weissella hellenica

Weissella hellenica is a species of Gram-positive bacteria, placed within the family of Leuconostocaceae.

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Weissella kimchii

Weissella kimchii is a gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-sporulating, facultatively anaerobic, short rod-shaped bacterium first isolated from partly fermented kimchi in 2002.

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Weissella koreensis

Weissella koreensis is a species of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Leuconostocaceae.

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Weissella thailandensis

Weissella thailandensis is a species of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Wellcome Sanger Institute

The Wellcome Sanger Institute, previously known as The Sanger Centre and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, is a non-profit British genomics and genetics research institute, primarily funded by the Wellcome Trust.

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Westerdijk Institute

The Westerdijk Institute, or Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, is part of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

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Western capercaillie

The western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus), also known as the wood grouse, heather cock, or just capercaillie, is the largest member of the grouse family.

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Western corn rootworm

The Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is one of the most devastating corn rootworm species in North America, especially in the midwestern corn-growing areas such as Iowa.

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Western fence lizard

The western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) is a common lizard of Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Northern Mexico, and the surrounding area.

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Western Treatment Plant

The Western Treatment Plant (formerly the Metropolitan Sewage Farm or, more commonly, the Werribee Sewage Farm) of Melbourne Water, is a sewage treatment plant in Cocoroc, Victoria, Australia, west of Melbourne’s central business district, on the coast of Port Phillip Bay.

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Wet nanotechnology

Wet nanotechnology (also known as wet nanotech) involves working up to large masses from small ones.

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Wet-tail

Wet-tail or proliferative ileitis, is a disease of hamsters.

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Wetland conservation

Wetland conservation is aimed at protecting and preserving areas where water exists at or near the Earth's surface, such as swamps, marshes and bogs.

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Wetlands (novel)

Wetlands (Feuchtgebiete) is Charlotte Roche's debut novel.

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Wettstein system

A system of plant taxonomy, the Wettstein system recognised the following main groups, according to Richard Wettstein's Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik (1901–1924).

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Weweantic River

The Weweantic River is a U.S. Geological Survey.

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Whalefall-1 RNA motif

The Whalefall-1 RNA motif (also called wf-1) refers to a conserved RNA structure that was discovered using bioinformatics.

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Wheat

Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food.

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Whey

Whey is the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained.

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Whipple's disease

Whipple's disease is a rare, systemic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei.

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White band disease

White band disease (Acroporid white syndrome) is a coral disease that affects acroporid corals and is distinguishable by the white band of dead coral tissue that it forms.

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White blood cell

White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.

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White Dome Geyser

White Dome Geyser is a geyser located in the Lower Geyser Basin in Yellowstone National Park in the United States.

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White line disease

White line disease (also known as seedy toe) is a fungal infection of the horse's hoof.

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Whitewater river (river type)

A whitewater river is classified based on its chemistry, sediments and water colour.

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WHO Disease Staging System for HIV Infection and Disease in Adults and Adolescents

WHO Disease Staging System for HIV Infection and Disease in Adults and Adolescents was first produced in 1990 by the World Health Organization and updated in September 2005.

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Wigglesworthia glossinidia

Wigglesworthia glossinidia is a species of gram-negative bacteria which was isolated from the gut of the tsetse fly.

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WikiPathways

WikiPathways is a community resource for contributing and maintaining content dedicated to biological pathways.

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Wikstroemia oahuensis

Wikstroemia oahuensis, the Ākia or Oahu false ohelo, is a species of flowering shrub in the mezereon family, Thymelaeaceae, that is endemic to Hawaiokinai.

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Wildcat Creek (Kansas)

Wildcat Creek is a creek in Riley County, Kansas, which occasionally floods.

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Wildcoast

Wildcoast (stylized WiLDCOAST) is an international non-profit environmental organization that conserve coastal and marine ecosystem and wildlife.

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Wilderness-acquired diarrhea

Wilderness-acquired diarrhea – also known as wilderness diarrhea, or backcountry diarrhea – is a variety of traveler's diarrhea in which backpackers and other outdoor enthusiasts are affected.

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Wilhelm Reich

Wilhelm Reich (24 March 1897 – 3 November 1957) was an Austrian doctor of medicine and psychoanalyst, a member of the second generation of analysts after Sigmund Freud.

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William C. Patrick III

William C. Patrick III (July 24, 1926 – October 1, 2010) was an influential microbiologist and bioweaponeer for the U.S. Army during the Cold War.

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William Horrocks

Sir William Heaton Horrocks (25 August 1859 – 26 January 1941) was an officer of the British Army remembered chiefly for confirming Sir David Bruce's theory that Malta fever was spread through goat's milk.

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William Lyman Underwood

William Lyman Underwood (1864 – January 24, 1929) was an American photographer who was also involved in the research of time-temperature canning research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) during 1895-96.

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William Roberts (physician)

Sir William Roberts FRS (18 March 1830 – 16 April 1899) was a Welsh physician in Manchester, England.

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Willy Burgdorfer

Wilhelm "Willy" Burgdorfer (June 27, 1925 – November 17, 2014) was an American scientist born and educated in Basel, Switzerland, considered an international leader in the field of medical entomology.

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Wilt disease

A wilt disease is any number of diseases that affect the vascular system of plants.

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Wilting

Wilting is the loss of rigidity of non-woody parts of plants.

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Wine fault

A wine fault or defect is an unpleasant characteristic of a wine often resulting from poor winemaking practices or storage conditions, and leading to wine spoilage.

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Winiary (company)

Winiary (actually: Winiary Nestlé Polska S.A. Oddział w Kaliszu) - the abbreviated term for a food processing company, located in the Kalisz borough (to 1976 village) Winiary.

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Winkler test for dissolved oxygen

The Winkler test is used to determine the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water samples.

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Witch doctor

A witch doctor was originally a type of healer who treated ailments believed to be caused by witchcraft.

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Witchcraft

Witchcraft or witchery broadly means the practice of and belief in magical skills and abilities exercised by solitary practitioners and groups.

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Witches (Discworld)

A major subset of the Discworld novels of Terry Pratchett involves the witches of Lancre.

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Withering abalone syndrome

Withering abalone syndrome is a disease of the abalone shellfish, primarily found in the black and red abalone species.

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Wiwaxia

Wiwaxia is a genus of soft-bodied animals that were covered in carbonaceous scales and spines.

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Woeseian revolution

The Woeseian revolution was the progression of the phylogenetic tree of life from two main divisions, known as the Prokarya and Eukarya, into three domains now classified as Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.

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Wolbachia

Wolbachia is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria which infects arthropod species, including a high proportion of insects, but also some nematodes.

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Wolinella

The genus Wolinella is a member of the Campylobacterales order of Bacteria.

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Wollea

Wollea is a genus of filamentous, heterocystous cyanobacteria that form macroscopic colonies in freshwater habitats.

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Wood–Ljungdahl pathway

The Wood–Ljungdahl pathway is a set of biochemical reactions used by some bacteria and archaea called acetogens.

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Wooden reed care

Due to their natural composition, cane musical reeds may hold bacteria or mold, which can affect one's health and the quality of sound produced.

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Workplace respirator testing

To protect workers from air contaminants employers often used respirators.

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World Community Grid

World Community Grid (WCG) is an effort to create the world's largest public computing grid to tackle scientific research projects that benefit humanity.

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World Summit on Evolution

The World Summit on Evolution is an evolutionary biology meeting hosted at the Galapagos Islands by Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), an Ecuadorian private liberal arts university.

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Wound

A wound is a type of injury which happens relatively quickly in which skin is torn, cut, or punctured (an open wound), or where blunt force trauma causes a contusion (a closed wound).

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Wound dehiscence

Wound dehiscence is a surgical complication in which a wound ruptures along a surgical incision.

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Woylie

The woylie or brush-tailed bettong (Bettongia penicillata) is an extremely rare, small marsupial that belongs to the genus Bettongia.

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X-linked agammaglobulinemia

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a rare genetic disorder discovered in 1952 that affects the body's ability to fight infection.

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Xanthan gum

Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive.

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Xanthidae

Xanthidae is a family of crabs known as mud crabs, pebble crabs or rubble crabs.

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Xanthobacter

Xanthobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae.

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Xanthobacter agilis

Xanthobacter agilis is a dinitrogen-fixing, non-pleomorphic hydrogen-oxidizing and motile bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from a lake near Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

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Xanthobacter aminoxidans

Xanthobacter aminoxidans is a bacterium from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from activated sludge in Russia.

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Xanthobacter autotrophicus

Xanthobacter autotrophicus is a Gram-positive, aerobic, pleomorphic and nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from black pool sludge in Germany.

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Xanthobacter flavus

Xanthobacter flavus is a Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing and facultatively autotrophic bacteria from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from turf podsol soil in Russia.

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Xanthobacter tagetidis

Xanthobacter tagetidis is a bacterium from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from soil from Root balls around the plant Tagetes patula in the United Kingdom.

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Xanthobacter viscosus

Xanthobacter viscosus is a bacterium from the family of Xanthobacteraceae which has been isolated from activated sludge in Russia.

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Xanthobacteraceae

The Xanthobacteraceae are a family of bacteria.

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Xanthomonadaceae

The Xanthomonadaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, within the Xanthomonadales order.

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Xanthomonadales

The Xanthomonadales are a bacterial order within the Gammaproteobacteria.

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Xanthomonalisin

Xanthomonalisin (Xanthomonas aspartic proteinase, xanthomonapepsin, sedolisin-B) is an enzyme.

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Xanthomonas

Xanthomonas is a genus of Proteobacteria, many of which cause plant diseases.

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Xanthomonas albilineans

Xanthomonas albilineans is a species of proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas alfalfae

Xanthomonas alfalfae is a species of proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas arboricola

Xanthomonas arboricola is a species of proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas bromi

Xanthomonas bromi is a species of Proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas campestris

Xanthomonas campestris is bacterial species that causes a variety of plant diseases, including "black rot" in cruciferous vegetables and bacterial wilt of turfgrass.

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Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

Black rot, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv.

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Xanthomonas cassavae

Xanthomonas cassavae is a species of proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas citri

Xanthomonas citri is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas codiaei

Xanthomonas codiaei is a species of proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas cucurbitae

Xanthomonas cucurbitae is a species of proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas cynarae

Xanthomonas cynarae is a species of proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas euvesicatoria

Xanthomonas euvesicatoria is a species of proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas fragariae

Xanthomonas fragariae is a species of proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas hortorum

Causes bacterial leafspot and headrot in lettuce.

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Xanthomonas hyacinthi

Xanthomonas hyacinthi is a species of proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas oryzae

Xanthomonas oryzae is a species of Proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Xanthomonas oryzae pv.

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Xanthomonas perforans

Xanthomonas perforans is a species of proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas phaseoli

Xanthomonas phaseoli is a species of proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas pisi

Xanthomonas pisi is a species of proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas populi

Xanthomonas populi is a species of proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas sacchari

Xanthomonas sacchari is a species of proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas sRNA

In molecular biology, Xanthomonas sRNA are small RNAs which have been identified in various species of the bacterium Xanthomonas.

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Xanthomonas theicola

Xanthomonas theicola is a species of proteobacteria.

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Xanthomonas translucens

Xanthomonas translucens is a species of phytopathogenic bacteria, the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak.

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Xanthomonas vasicola

Xanthomonas vasicola is a species of bacteria.

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XbaI

XbaI is a restriction enzyme isolated from the bacterium Xanthomonas badrii.

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Xenocatabolism

Xenocatabolism is a concept in medical bioremediation that relies upon introducing into the body microbial enzymes that break down pathogenic lysosomal, cytosolic and extracellular aggregates.

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Xenococcaceae

The Xenococcaceae are a family of cyanobacteria.

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Xenophilus (bacteria)

Xenophilus is a genus of bacteria from the family Comamonadaceae.

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Xenophilus aerolatus

Xenophilus aerolatus is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus Xenophilus which has been isolated from air from Suwon in Korea.

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Xenophilus arseniciresistens

Xenophilus arseniciresistens is a Gram-negative, aerobic, arsenite-resistant and motile bacterium from the genus Xenophilus which has been isolated from soil.

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Xenophilus azovorans

Xenophilus azovorans is a bacterium from the genus Xenophilus which has been isolated from soil in Switzerland.

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Xenorhabdus

Xenorhabdus is a genus of motile, gram-negative bacteria from the family of the Enterobacteriaceae.

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Xenorhabdus beddingii

Xenorhabdus beddingii is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode genus Steinernema in Australia and Queensland.

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Xenorhabdus bovienii

Xenorhabdus bovienii is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema bibionis, Steinernema krsussei, Steinernema affine, Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema intermedium, Steinernema jollieti and Steinernema weiseri.

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Xenorhabdus budapestensis

Xenorhabdus budapestensis is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema bicornutum in Subotica in Serbia.

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Xenorhabdus cabanillasii

Xenorhabdus cabanillasii is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema riobrave in Texas in the United States.

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Xenorhabdus doucetiae

Xenorhabdus doucetiae is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema diaprepesi from Martinique in France.

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Xenorhabdus ehlersii

Xenorhabdus ehlersii is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema serratum in China.

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Xenorhabdus griffiniae

Xenorhabdus griffiniae is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema hermaphroditum in Indonesia.

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Xenorhabdus hominickii

Xenorhabdus hominickii is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematodes Steinernema karii in Kenya and Steinernema monticolum from Korea.

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Xenorhabdus indica

Xenorhabdus indica is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematodes Steinernema thermophilum and Steinernema yirgalemense.

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Xenorhabdus innexi

Xenorhabdus innexi is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema scapterisci in Uruguay.

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Xenorhabdus ishibashii

Xenorhabdus ishibashii is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema aciari collected in the Guangdong Province in China and in Japan.

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Xenorhabdus japonica

Xenorhabdus japonica is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema kushidai in Japan.

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Xenorhabdus khoisanae

Xenorhabdus khoisanae is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema khoisanae in the Western Cape Province in South Africa.

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Xenorhabdus koppenhoeferi

Xenorhabdus koppenhoeferi is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema scarabaei in the United States.

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Xenorhabdus kozodoii

Xenorhabdus kozodoii is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema arenarium in Voronez in Russia and from the nematode Steinernema apuliae in Italy.

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Xenorhabdus magdalenensis

Xenorhabdus magdalenensis is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema australe which has been isolated from the Isla Magdalena National Park on Chile.

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Xenorhabdus mauleonii

Xenorhabdus mauleonii is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from an undescribed Steinernema species.

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Xenorhabdus miraniensis

Xenorhabdus miraniensis is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from a Steinernema species from Mirani in Australia.

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Xenorhabdus poinarii

Xenorhabdus poinarii is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematodes Steinernema glaseri and Steinernema cubanum.

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Xenorhabdus romanii

Xenorhabdus romanii is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema puertoricense in Puerto Rico.

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Xenorhabdus stockiae

Xenorhabdus stockiae is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema siamkayai in Thailand.

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Xenorhabdus szentirmaii

Xenorhabdus szentirmaii is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema rarum in Argentina.

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Xenorhabdus vietnamensis

Xenorhabdus vietnamensis is a bacterium from the genus of Xenorhabdus which has been isolated from the nematode Steinernema sangi in Vietnam.

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Xylanibacterium

Xylanibacterium is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and small rod-shaped bacterial genus from the family of Promicromonosporaceae.

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Xylanibacterium ulmi

Xylanibacterium ulmi is a Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Xylanibacterium which has been isolated from decayed wood of the tree Ulmus nigra is Salamanca in Spain.

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Xylanimicrobium

Xylanimicrobium is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, xylanolytic and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Promicromonosporaceae.

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Xylanimicrobium pachnodae

Xylanimicrobium pachnodae is a bacterium from the genus of Xylanimicrobium which has been isolated from the hindgut of the larvae of Pachnoda marginata in the Netherlands.

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Xylanimonas

Xylanimonas is a Gram-positive and non-spore-forming bacterial genus from the family of Promicromonosporaceae.

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Xylanimonas cellulosilytica

Xylanimonas cellulosilytica is a Gram-positive, xylanolytic, aerobic, coccoid and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Xylanimonas which has been isolated from a decayed tree (Ulmus nigra) in Salamanca in Spain.

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Xylella fastidiosa

Xylella fastidiosa is an aerobic, Gram-negative bacteria of the monophyletic genus Xylella.

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Xylitol

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener.

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Xylophagy

Xylophagy is a term used in ecology to describe the habits of an herbivorous animal whose diet consists primarily (often solely) of wood.

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Xylophilus

Xylophilus is a species of proteobacteria, which causes plant disease.

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Xylophilus ampelinus

Xylophilus ampelinus (syn. Xanthomonas ampelina and Erwinia vitivora) is a species of proteobacteria, many of which cause plant diseases.

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Y RNA

Y RNAs are small non-coding RNAs.

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YadA bacterial adhesin protein domain

In molecular biology, YadA is a protein domain which is short for Yersinia adhesin A. These proteins have strong sequence and structural homology, particularly at their C-terminal end.

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Yakult

is a probiotic dairy product made by fermenting a mixture of skimmed milk with a special strain of the bacterium Lactobacillus casei Shirota.

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Yangia

In taxonomy, Yangia is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae.

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Yaws

Yaws is a tropical infection of the skin, bones and joints caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum pertenue.

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YbhL leader

The YbhL leader is a putative structured RNA element that is found upstream of the uncharacterized YbhL membrane protein in alpha-proteobacteria.

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YceI protein domain

In molecular biology, Yce-I protein domain is a putative periplasmic protein.

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YdaO/yuaA leader

The YdaO/YuaA leader (now called the cyclic di-AMP ribsowitch) is a conserved RNA structure found upstream of the ydaO and yuaA genes in Bacillus subtilis and related genes in other bacteria.

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YDG SRA protein domain

In molecular biology, this protein domain has been termed SRA-YDG, which is the abbreviation for SET and Ring finger Associated, YDG motif.

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Yeast

Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom.

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Yeast expression platform

A yeast expression platform is a strain of yeast used to produce large amounts of proteins, sugars or other compounds for research or industrial uses.

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Yeast flocculation

Yeast flocculation typically refers to the clumping together (flocculation) of brewing yeast once the sugar in a wort has been fermented into beer.

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YecM bacterial protein domain

In molecular biology, YecM refers to a protein domain found in Escherichia coli.

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Yellow

Yellow is the color between orange and green on the spectrum of visible light.

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Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park is an American national park located in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho.

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Yeosuana

Yeosuana aromativorans is a species of non-motile aerobic marine bacterium that can degrade benzopyrene.

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Yersinia

Yersinia is a genus of bacteria in the family Yersiniaceae.

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Yersinia aldovae

Yersinia aldovae is a species of bacteria.

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Yersinia bercovieri

Yersinia bercovieri is a Gram-negative species of enteric bacteria.

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Yersinia enterocolitica

Yersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative bacillus-shaped bacterium, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Yersinia frederiksenii

Yersinia frederiksenii is a Gram-negative species of bacteria.

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Yersinia intermedia

Yersinia intermedia is a Gram-negative species of bacteria which uses rhamnose, melibiose, and raffinose.

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Yersinia kristensenii

Yersinia kristensenii is a species of bacteria.

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Yersinia mollaretii

Yersinia mollaretii is a Gram-negative species of bacteria.

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Yersinia phage L-413C

Yersinia phage L-413C is a virus of the family Myoviridae, genus P2likevirus.

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Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes Far East scarlet-like fever in humans, who occasionally get infected zoonotically, most often through the food-borne route.

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Yersinia ruckeri

Yersinia ruckeri is a species of Gram-negative bacteria, known for causing enteric redmouth disease in some species of fish.

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Yersiniabactin

Yersiniabactin (Ybt) is a siderophore found in the pathogenic bacteria Yersinia pestis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and Yersinia enterocolitica, as well as several strains of enterobacteria including enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.

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Yersiniosis

Yersiniosis is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Yersinia.

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Yfr1

Yfr1 is a Cyanobacterial functional RNA that was identified by a comparative genome based screen for RNAs in cyanobacteria.

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YgbB N terminal protein domain

In molecular biology, YgbB is a protein domain.

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YjdF RNA motif

The yjdF RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure identified using bioinformatics.

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YjeF N terminal protein domain

In molecular biology, the YjeF N terminal is a protein domain found in the N-terminal of the protein, EDC3.

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YkkC-yxkD leader

The YkkC/YxkD leader is a conserved RNA structure found upstream of the ykkC and yxkD genes in Bacillus subtilis and related genes in other bacteria.

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YkoK leader

The Ykok leader or M-box is a Mg2+-sensing RNA structure that controls the expression of Magnesium ion transport proteins in bacteria.

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YlbH leader

This family is a putative regulatory RNA structure that is found upstream of the ylbH gene in B. subtilis and related low GC Gram-positive bacteria.

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YM (selective medium)

YM Agar and Broth, is a selective growth medium with low pH useful for cultivating yeasts, molds, or other acid-tolerant or acidophilic organisms, while deterring growth of most bacteria and other acid intolerant organisms.

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Ymer (dairy product)

Ymer is a Danish soured milk product which has been known since 1930.

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Yogurt

Yogurt, yoghurt, or yoghourt (or; from yoğurt; other spellings listed below) is a food produced by bacterial fermentation of milk.

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Yokenella

Yokenella is a genus of bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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YopE protein domain

In molecular biology, the protein domain YopE refers to the secretion of virulence factors in Gram-negative bacteria involves transportation of the protein across two membranes to reach the cell exterior.

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YopH, N-terminal

In molecular biology, YopH, N-terminal refers to an evolutionary conserved protein domain.

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YopR bacterial protein domain

In molecular biology, YopR is a protein domain commonly found in gram negative bacteria, in particular Yersinia and is a core domain.

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Yosemite toad

The Yosemite toad (Anaxyrus canorus, formerly Bufo canorus) is a species of true toad in the family Bufonidae.

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Youanmi Gold Mine

The Youanmi Gold Mine is a gold mine 82 km south-southwest of the town of Sandstone.

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YqaJ protein domain

In molecular biology, the YqaJ refers to the YqaJ/K domain from the skin prophage of the bacterium, Bacillus subtilis.

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YqeY protein domain

In molecular biology, YqeY is a type of protein domain of unknown function.

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Yuki Shimoda

Yuki Shimoda (August 10, 1921 – May 21, 1981) was an American actor best known for his starring role as Ko Wakatsuki in the NBC movie of the week, Farewell to Manzanar in 1976.

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YybP-ykoY leader

The yybP-ykoY leader RNA element was originally discovered in E. coli during a large scale screen and was named SraF.

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Zacatón

Zacatón (El Zacatón sinkhole) is a thermal water-filled sinkhole belonging to the Zacatón system - a group of unusual karst features located in Aldama Municipality near the Sierra de Tamaulipas in the northeastern state of Tamaulipas, Mexico.

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Zachary Blount

Zachary D. Blount is an American evolutionary biologist best known for his work in deciphering the evolution of a key innovation in one of the twelve populations of the ''E. coli'' long-term evolution experiment.

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Zanvil A. Cohn

Zanvil Alexander Cohn (November 16, 1926 – June 28, 1993) was a cell biologist and immunologist who upon his death was described by the New York Times as being “in the forefront of current studies of the body's defenses against infection.”, professor at Rockefeller University.

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ZapA family

In molecular biology, the ZapA protein family is a group of related proteins that includes the cell division protein ZapA.

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Zaru

A is a draining basket made from bamboo used in the preparation and presentation of Japanese cuisine.

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Zavarzinia compransoris

Zavarzinia compransoris is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that comprises the only current member of the genus Zavarzinia.

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Zebra chip

Zebra chip, also known as papa manchada and papa rayada, is the term for a disease in potatoes putatively caused by an alphaproteobacteria "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum", which is vectored by the potato psyllid.

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Zero waste agriculture

Zero waste agriculture is a type of sustainable agriculture which optimizes use of the five natural kingdoms, i.e. plants, animals, bacteria, fungi and algae, to produce biodiverse-food, energy and nutrients in a synergistic integrated cycle of profit making processes where the waste of each process becomes the feedstock for another process.

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Zeta toxin protein domain

In molecular biology, the protein domain Zeta (ζ) toxin refers to a protein domain found in prokaryotes, which acts as a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine kinase.

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Zetaproteobacteria

The class Zetaproteobacteria is the sixth and most recently described class of the Proteobacteria.

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Zhihengliuella

Zhihengliuella is a genus of gram-positive, mesophilic, aerobic non-spore-forming and motile bacteria from the family of Micrococcaceae.

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Zhihengliuella alba

Zhihengliuella alba is a Gram-positive, non-motile, white-pigmented, short rod actinobacterium, designated YIM 90734T, the type species of its genus.

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Ziketan Town

Ziketan Town (Tibetan: རྩི་ཀོང་ཐང་, 子科滩镇) is a farming town in Xinghai County of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai province, People's Republic of China.

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Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermol'eva

Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermol'eva (Зинаида Виссарионовна Ермольева) (– December 2, 1974) was a microbiologist most notable for independently synthesizing penicillin for the Soviet military during World War II.

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Zinc gluconate

Zinc gluconate is the zinc salt of gluconic acid.

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Zinc uptake regulator

The zinc uptake regulator (Zur) gene is a bacterial gene that codes for a transcription factor protein involved in zinc homeostasis.

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ZinT protein domain

In molecular biology, ZinT (formerly known as YodA) is a family of protein domains found in prokaryotes.

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ZnuABC

ZnuABC is a high-affinity transporter specialized for transporting zinc ions as part of a system for metal ion homeostasis in bacteria.

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Zobellia galactanovorans

Zobellia galactanovorans is a marine species of Flavobacteriaceae first isolated from a red alga.

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Zond 5

Zond 5, a member of the Soviet Zond program, was an unmanned spacecraft that in September 1968 became the second ship to travel to and circle the Moon, and the first to return safely to Earth.

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Zoogloea

Zoogloea is a genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria from the family of Zoogloeaceae in the Rhodocyclales of the class Betaproteobacteria.

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Zoogloea caeni

Zoogloea caeni is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positiv, facultatively aerobic, nitrogen-fixing, rod-shaped motile bacterium with a polar flagellum from the genus of Zoogloea which was isolated from activated sludge of a domestic wastewater treatment plant in Korea.

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Zoogloea oryzae

Zoogloea oryzae is a nitrogen-fixing, catalase and oxidase-positiv, motile bacterium with a polar flagellum from the genus of Zoogloea which was isolated from the soil from a rice paddy field.

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Zoogloea ramigera

Zoogloea ramigera is a gram-negative, aerobic bacterium from the genus of Zoogloea which occurs in organically enriched aqueous environments like activated sludges.

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Zoogloea resiniphila

Zoogloea resiniphila is a bacterium from the genus of Zoogloea.

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Zoology

Zoology or animal biology is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems.

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Zoonosis

Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans.

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Zoospore

A zoospore is a motile asexual spore that uses a flagellum for locomotion.

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Zostera marina

Zostera marina is a species of seagrass known by the common names common eelgrass and seawrack.

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Zostera noltei

Zostera noltii is a species of seagrass known by the common name dwarf eelgrass.

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Zymoblot

Zymoblot is the fastest available microtechnique to detect gene expression or enzyme activity in any biological specimen.

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Zymology

Zymology, also known as zymurgy (from the Greek: ζύμωσις+ἔργον, "the workings of fermentation") is an applied science which studies the biochemical process of fermentation and its practical uses.

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Zymomonas mobilis

Zymomonas mobilis is a Gram negative, facultative anaerobic, non-sporulating, polarly-flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Zymophilus

Zymophilus is a genus of Firmicutes bacteria classified within the class Negativicutes.

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Zymophilus paucivorans

Zymophilus paucivorans is a species of anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria first isolated from spoilt beer.

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(+)-Camphor 6-endo-hydroxylase

(+)-Camphor 6-endo-hydroxylase (P450camr) is an enzyme with systematic name (+)-camphor,reduced putidaredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-endo-hydroxylating).

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(Pyruvate, water dikinase) kinase

(Pyruvate, water dikinase) kinase (PSRP, PEPS kinase) is an enzyme with systematic name ADP:(pyruvate, water dikinase) phosphotransferase.

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(Pyruvate, water dikinase)-phosphate phosphotransferase

(Pyruvate, water dikinase)-phosphate phosphotransferase (PSRP) is an enzyme with systematic name (pyruvate, water dikinase) phosphate:phosphate phosphotransferase.

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1,2-Benzoquinone

1,2-Benzoquinone, also called ortho-benzoquinone, is an organic compound with formula.

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1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate hydroxylase

1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate hydroxylase (1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid hydroxylase) is an enzyme with systematic name 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating, decarboxylating).

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1676 in science

The year 1676 in science and technology involved some significant events.

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16S ribosomal RNA

16S ribosomal RNA (or 16S rRNA) is the component of the 30S small subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome that binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence.

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17th century

The 17th century was the century that lasted from January 1, 1601, to December 31, 1700, in the Gregorian calendar.

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1854 in science

The year 1854 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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1865 in science

The year 1865 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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1873 in science

The year 1873 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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1876 in science

The year 1876 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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1882

No description.

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1882 in science

The year 1882 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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1885 in science

The year 1885 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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1905 in science

The year 1905 in science and technology involved some significant events, particularly in physics, listed below.

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1947 in science

The year 1947 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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1957 in science

The year 1957 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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1968 in science

The year 1968 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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1969 in science

The year 1969 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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1977

No description.

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2,4,6-Tribromoanisole

2,4,6-Tribromoanisole (TBA) is a chemical compound that is a brominated derivative of anisole.

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2,4,6-Trichloroanisole

2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (TCA) is a chemical compound that is a chlorinated derivative of anisole.

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2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol

2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol is a mild antiseptic, able to kill bacteria and viruses associated with mouth and throat infections.

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2,5-Diketopiperazine

2,5-Diketopiperazine, also known as piperazine-2,5-dione and as the cyclodipeptide cyclo(Gly-Gly), is an organic compound and the smallest cyclic dipeptide that consists of a six-membered ring containing two amide linkages where the two nitrogen atoms and the two carbonyls are at opposite positions in the ring.

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2,6-Pyridinedicarbothioic acid

2,6-Pyridinedicarbothioic acid (PDTC) is an organosulfur compound that is produced by some bacteria.

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2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine diphosphokinase

In enzymology, a 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine diphosphokinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine, whereas its two products are AMP and (2-amino-4-hydroxy-7,8-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl diphosphate.

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2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase (ethylene-forming)

2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase (ethylene-forming) (ethylene-forming enzyme, EFE) is an enzyme with systematic name 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (decarboxylating, ethylene-forming).

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2006 storms in Vancouver

The 2006 storms in Vancouver were a series of storms beginning with the remnants of Typhoon Cimaron November 5 and then followed by another on November 15 that caused landslides into Vancouver's three main reservoirs.

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2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak

The 2008 Canadian listeriosis outbreak was a widespread outbreak of listeriosis in Canada linked to cold cuts from a Maple Leaf Foods plant in Toronto, Ontario.

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2011 in science

The year 2011 involved many significant scientific events, including the first artificial organ transplant, the launch of China's first space station and the growth of the world population to seven billion.

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2013 Eastern China smog

The 2013 Eastern China smog was a severe air pollution episode that affected East China, including all or parts of the municipalities of Shanghai and Tianjin, and the provinces of Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, and Zhejiang, during December 2013.

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2013 in science

A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2013, including the discovery of numerous Earthlike exoplanets, the development of viable lab-grown ears, teeth, livers and blood vessels, and the atmospheric entry of the most destructive meteor since 1908.

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2016 in Romania

No description.

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2016 in science

A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2016.

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2017 in science

A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2017.

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23S methyl RNA motif

The 23S methyl RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure found upstream of genes predicted to encode rRNA methyltransferases, possibly for 23S rRNA.

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23S ribosomal RNA

The 23S rRNA is a 2904 nt long (in E. coli) component of the large subunit (50S) of the bacterial/archean ribosome.

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24-Isopropylcholestane

24-isopropyl cholestane is an organic molecule produced by specific sponges and marine algae.

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3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidative deaminase

3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidative deaminase (3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine: oxidative deaminase, oxidative deaminase, DOPA oxidative deaminase, DOPAODA) is an enzyme with systematic name 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating).

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3-dehydroquinate dehydratase

In enzymology, a 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 3-dehydroquinate, and two products, 3-dehydroshikimate and H2O.

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3-Deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid

3-Deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid or keto-deoxyoctulosonate (KDO) is an ulosonic acid of a 2-ketooctose which is used by bacteria in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides.

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4,4'-Diapophytoene synthase

4,4'-diapophytoene synthase (dehydrosqualene synthase, DAP synthase, C30 carotene synthase, CrtM) is an enzyme with systematic name farnesyl-diphosphate:farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase (4,4'-diapophytoene forming).

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4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase

In enzymology, a 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase is an enzyme found in some bacteria and archaea that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are benzoyl-CoA, acceptor, and H2O, whereas its two products are 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA and reduced acceptor.

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4-O-beta-D-mannosyl-D-glucose phosphorylase

4-O-beta-D-mannosyl-D-glucose phosphorylase (mannosylglucose phosphorylase) is an enzyme with systematic name 4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose:phosphate alpha-D-mannosyltransferase.

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4-Oxalocrotonate tautomerase

4-Oxalocrotonate tautomerase (EC 5.3.2.-4-OT) is an enzyme that converts 2-hydroxymuconate to the αβ-unsaturated ketone, 2-oxo-3-hexenedioate.

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5-nitrosalicylate dioxygenase

5-nitrosalicylate dioxygenase (naaB (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 5-nitrosalicylate:oxygen 1,2-oxidoreductase (decyclizing).

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5S ribosomal RNA

The 5S ribosomal RNA (5S rRNA) is an approximately 120 nucleotide-long ribosomal RNA molecule with a mass of 40 kDa.

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6

6 (six) is the natural number following 5 and preceding 7.

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6-Deoxyerythronolide B synthase

6-Deoxyerythronolide B Synthase or DEBS has been identified as a Type 1 polyketide synthase.

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6C RNA

6C RNA is a class of non-coding RNA present in actinomycetes.

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6S / SsrS RNA

In molecular biology the 6S RNA is a noncoding RNA that was one of the first to be identified and sequenced.

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714-X

714-X or 714X, also referred to as "trimethylbicyclonitramineoheptane chloride", is a mixture of substances manufactured by CERBE Distribution Inc and sold as an alternative medical treatment which is claimed to cure cancer, multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia and other diseases.

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9 (2009 animated film)

9 is a 2009 American computer-animated post-apocalyptic science fiction film directed by Shane Acker, written by Pamela Pettler, and produced by Jim Lemley, Dana Ginsburg, Tim Burton, and Timur Bekmambetov.

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90 Church Street

90 Church Street is a federal office building in Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S. The building operates as the United States Postal Service's Church Street Station, which is responsible for the 10048 and 10007 ZIP codes.

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Antibodies, bacterial, Bacium, Bactera, Bacteria A2Z, Bacteria cells, Bacteria morphology, Bacteriae, Bacterial, Bacterial Index (BI), Bacterial breakdown, Bacterial index, Bacterial motility, Bacterial predation, Bacterial predator, Bacterial predators, Bacterial proteins, Bacterial shape, Bacterias, Bacterium, Eubacter, Eubacteria, Filamentous bacteria, Harmful bacteria, Predatory bacteria, Schizomycet, Schizomycetes, Types of bacteria.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria