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Battle of Manzikert

Index Battle of Manzikert

The Battle of Manzikert was fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Empire on August 26, 1071 near Manzikert, theme of Iberia (modern Malazgirt in Muş Province, Turkey). [1]

274 relations: Abydos (Hellespont), Adana, Age of Empires II: The Conquerors, Ahlat, Aksaray, Alanya, Alp Arslan, Alucra, Amorium, Anatolia, Anatolian beyliks, Anatolian Seljuks family tree, Anatolic Theme, Ancient Rome, Andronikos Doukas (cousin of Michael VII), Ankara, Anna Dalassene, Arab–Byzantine wars, Archontopouloi, Aristakes Lastivertsi, Armenia, Armenia within the Kingdom of Georgia, Armenia–Georgia relations, Armenia–Turkey relations, Armeniac Theme, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Artuk Bey, August 26, Aydın, Şebinkarahisar, Şebinkarahisar District, Şiran, Başkale, Badr al-Jamali, Bagrat IV of Georgia, Battal Gazi, Battle of Crécy, Battle of Dyrrhachium (1081), Battle of Graus, Battle of Iconium (1069), Battle of Kalavrye, Battle of Larissa, Battle of Levounion, Battle of Manzikert (1054), Battle of Myriokephalon, Beylik of Çubukoğulları, Beylik of Dilmaç, Beylik of Tanrıbermiş, Bitlis, Bolu Province, ..., Bor, Niğde, Bucellarian Theme, Bulanık, Burdur, Byzantine army, Byzantine army (Komnenian era), Byzantine art, Byzantine battle tactics, Byzantine calendar, Byzantine conquest of Cilicia, Byzantine economy, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire under the Angelos dynasty, Byzantine Empire under the Doukas dynasty, Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty, Byzantine navy, Byzantine studies, Byzantine–Arab wars (780–1180), Byzantine–Georgian wars, Byzantine–Seljuq wars, Cappadocia, Cappadocia (theme), Cappadocian Greek, Cappadocian Greeks, Charsianon, Choma (fortress), Christianity in the 11th century, Constantine IX Monomachos, Constantinople, Council of Piacenza, Crusader states, Crusades, Cumans, Danishmend Gazi, Danishmends, David IV of Georgia, Düziçi, Decline of the Byzantine Empire, Demetrius of Anacopia, Derbe (Diocese), Didim, Divriği, Diyarbakır, Doğankent, Dorylaeum, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eudokia Makrembolitissa, Europe, Feke, First Crusade, Gabras, Gazi Gümüshtigin, Gümerdiğin, Genetic studies on Turkish people, George II of Georgia, Georgian–Seljuk wars, Gezi Park protests, Ghazi (warrior), Great Turkish Invasion, Greeks in Turkey, Hasankeyf, Heavy cavalry, Hemshin peoples, High Middle Ages, History of Anatolia, History of Ankara, History of Armenia, History of Athens, History of Christianity, History of Christianity during the Middle Ages, History of Georgia (country), History of Islam, History of Palestine, History of the Byzantine Empire, History of the Jews under Muslim rule, History of the Middle East, Hit-and-run tactics, House of Hasan-Jalalyan, House of Mengüjek, Iberia (theme), Immortals (Achaemenid Empire), Immortals (Byzantine Empire), Index of Byzantine Empire-related articles, Irenopolis, Cilicia, Isaac Komnenos (brother of Alexios I), Isaura Palaea, Islam in Armenia, Islam in Turkey, Islamic art, Jereed, John Doukas (Caesar), John II Komnenos, Joseph Tarchaneiotes, Justinianopolis in Armenia, Kahramanmaraş, Kaykhusraw II, Kınalıada, Kemah, Erzincan, Kingdom of Georgia, Koloneia (theme), Komnenian restoration, Konya, Lake Van, Leo Tornikios, Lesser Armenia, List of battles (alphabetical), List of battles (geographic), List of battles 301–1300, List of Byzantine battles, List of Byzantine emperors, List of Byzantine wars, List of conflicts in Asia, List of conflicts in the Near East, List of invasions, List of military disasters, List of Roman emperors, List of wars involving Greece, List of wars involving Iran, Lykandos, Malatya, Malazgirt, Maleinos, Malik-Shah I, Manisa, Manuel I Komnenos, Medieval History Magazine, Medieval warfare, Menemen, Mesopotamia (theme), Metropolis of Ancyra, Michael VII Doukas, Middle Ages, Mihailo Vojislavljević, Military history of the Crusader states, Monastery of the Transfiguration, Kinaliada, Muş Province, Name of Turkey, Nevşehir, New Athos, Nicholas III of Constantinople, Nikephoritzes, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder, Nikephoros Melissenos, Nikephoros Palaiologos, Niksar, Nizam al-Mulk, Numayrid dynasty, Old Bridge, Hasankeyf, Optimatoi, Osmaniye, Paphlagonia (theme), Pechenegs, Pergamon, Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia, Philaretos Brachamios, Phrygia, Pincer movement, Pozantı, Prince Islands, Rashid al-Dawla Mahmud, Rhodes, Rize Province, Robert Crispin, Roman Armenia, Roman army, Roman Empire, Romanos IV Diogenes, Roussel de Bailleul, Ruben I, Prince of Armenia, Rumelia, Saint Nicholas, Saltuk II, Saltukids, Sebasteia (theme), See of Sardis, Seleucia (theme), Seljuk Empire, Seymen, Shah-Armens, Sirmium (theme), Sivas, Speri (region), Subutai, Sultanate of Rum, Talas, Turkey, Tamga, Tao (historical region), Tarchaneiotes, Taron (historic Armenia), Territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire, The Complete History, Theme (Byzantine district), Theodore Alyates, Timeline of 11th-century Muslim history, Timeline of Armenian history, Timeline of İzmir, Timeline of Georgian (country) history, Timeline of Jerusalem, Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece (717–1204), Timeline of Roman history, Timeline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, Timeline of the Turkic peoples (500–1300), Timeline of Turkish history, Togan Arslan, Tokat, Trabzon, Turkey, Turkish literature, Turkish Military Academy, Turkish nationalism, Turkish people, Turkish population, Tushpa, Tuulihaukka, Uprising of Georgi Voyteh, Van Province, Van, Turkey, Varangian Guard, Venice, Yağıbasan, Yalova, 1071, 11th century. Expand index (224 more) »

Abydos (Hellespont)

Abydos (Ἄβυδος) or Abydus, was an ancient city in Mysia in northwestern Asia Minor, near the modern city of Çanakkale (Turkey).

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Adana

Adana (Ադանա) is a major city in southern Turkey.

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Age of Empires II: The Conquerors

Age of Empires II: The Conquerors is the expansion pack to the 1999 real-time strategy game Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings.

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Ahlat

Ahlat (Խլաթ, Khlat; اخلاط; ხლათი, Khlati; Xelat; Χαλάτα, Chalata), is a historic town and district in Turkey's Bitlis Province in Eastern Anatolia Region.

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Aksaray

Aksaray is a city in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey and the capital district of Aksaray Province.

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Alanya

Alanya, formerly Alaiye, is a beach resort city and a component district of Antalya Province on the southern coast of Turkey, in the country's Mediterranean Region, east of the city of Antalya.

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Alp Arslan

Alp Arslan (honorific in Turkish meaning "Heroic Lion"; in آلپ ارسلان; full name: Diya ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Adud ad-Dawlah Abu Shuja Muhammad Alp Arslan ibn Dawud ابو شجاع محمد آلپ ارسلان ابن داود; 20 January 1029 – 15 December 1072), real name Muhammad bin Dawud Chaghri, was the second Sultan of the Seljuk Empire and great-grandson of Seljuk, the eponymous founder of the dynasty.

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Alucra

Alucra is a town and a district of Giresun Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey, from the city of Giresun.

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Amorium

Amorium was a city in Phrygia, Asia Minor which was founded in the Hellenistic period, flourished under the Byzantine Empire, and declined after the Arab sack of 838.

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Anatolia

Anatolia (Modern Greek: Ανατολία Anatolía, from Ἀνατολή Anatolḗ,; "east" or "rise"), also known as Asia Minor (Medieval and Modern Greek: Μικρά Ἀσία Mikrá Asía, "small Asia"), Asian Turkey, the Anatolian peninsula, or the Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia, which makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey.

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Anatolian beyliks

Anatolian beyliks (Anadolu beylikleri, Ottoman Turkish: Tavâif-i mülûk, Beylik), sometimes known as Turkmen beyliks, were small principalities (or petty kingdoms) in Anatolia governed by Beys, the first of which were founded at the end of the 11th century.

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Anatolian Seljuks family tree

Anatolian Seljuks (also called Seljuks of Rum and Seljuks of Turkey) was a former dynasty in Turkey.

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Anatolic Theme

The Anatolic Theme (Άνατολικόν, Anatolikon), more properly known as the Theme of the Anatolics (Greek: θέμα Άνατολικῶν, thema Anatolikōn) was a Byzantine theme (a military-civilian province) in central Asia Minor (modern Turkey).

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Ancient Rome

In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.

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Andronikos Doukas (cousin of Michael VII)

Andronikos Doukas, Latinized as Andronicus Ducas, (Ανδρόνικος Δούκας; died 14 October 1077) was a protovestiarios and protoproedros of the Byzantine Empire.

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Ankara

Ankara (English; Turkish Ottoman Turkish Engürü), formerly known as Ancyra (Ἄγκυρα, Ankyra, "anchor") and Angora, is the capital of the Republic of Turkey.

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Anna Dalassene

Anna Dalassene (Ἄννα Δαλασσηνή; ca. 1025/30 – 1 November 1100/02) was an important Byzantine noblewoman who played a significant role in the rise to power of the Komnenoi in the eleventh century.

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Arab–Byzantine wars

The Arab–Byzantine wars were a series of wars between the mostly Arab Muslims and the East Roman or Byzantine Empire between the 7th and 11th centuries AD, started during the initial Muslim conquests under the expansionist Rashidun and Umayyad caliphs in the 7th century and continued by their successors until the mid-11th century.

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Archontopouloi

The archontopouloi (Ἀρχοντόπουλοι) were an elite military formation of the Byzantine army during the Komnenian era, in the 11th-12th centuries.

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Aristakes Lastivertsi

Aristakes Lastivertsi (1002 – 1080) was a medieval Armenian historian and chronicler.

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Armenia

Armenia (translit), officially the Republic of Armenia (translit), is a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Armenia within the Kingdom of Georgia

Zakarid Armenia (Զաքարյան Հայաստան Zakaryan Hayastan), was an Armenian principality between 1201 and 1360, ruled by the Mkhargrdzeli-Zakarian dynasty.

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Armenia–Georgia relations

Armenian–Georgian relations refers to foreign relations between Armenia and Georgia.

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Armenia–Turkey relations

Armenia–Turkey relations are officially non-existent and have historically been hostile.

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Armeniac Theme

The Armeniac Theme (Άρμενιακόν, Armeniakon), more properly the Theme of the Armeniacs (Greek: θέμα Άρμενιάκων, thema Armeniakōn) was a Byzantine theme (a military-civilian province) located in northeastern Asia Minor (modern Turkey).

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Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (Middle Armenian: Կիլիկիոյ Հայոց Թագաւորութիւն), also known as the Cilician Armenia (Կիլիկյան Հայաստան), Lesser Armenia, or New Armenia, was an independent principality formed during the High Middle Ages by Armenian refugees fleeing the Seljuq invasion of Armenia.

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Artuk Bey

Zaheer-ul-Daulah Artuk Beg (also known as "son of Eksük") was a Turkish commander of the Seljuq Empire in the 11th century.

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August 26

No description.

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Aydın

Aydın (EYE-din;; formerly named Güzelhisar), ancient Greek Tralles, is a city in and the seat of Aydın Province in Turkey's Aegean Region.

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Şebinkarahisar

Şebinkarahisar is a town in and the administrative seat for Şebinkarahisar District, Giresun Province in the Black Sea region of northeastern Turkey.

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Şebinkarahisar District

Şebinkarahisar District is a district of Giresun Province in northeastern Turkey.

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Şiran

Şiran, also Karaca, is a town and district of Gümüşhane Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey.

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Başkale

Başkale (Ադամակերտ Adamakert; Elbak) is a town and district located in south-eastern Turkey in Van Province.

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Badr al-Jamali

Abū'l-Najm Badr ibn ʿAbdallāh al-Jamālī al-Mustanṣirī, better known as Badr al-Jamali (بدر الجمالى) was a vizier and prominent statesman for the Fatimid Caliphate under Caliph al-Mustansir.

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Bagrat IV of Georgia

Bagrat IV (ბაგრატ IV) (1018 – 24 November 1072), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was the King of Georgia from 1027 to 1072.

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Battal Gazi

Seyyid Battal Ghazi is a mythical Muslim Arab, saintly figure and warrior based in Anatolia (associated primarily with Malatya, where his father, Hüseyin Gazi, was the ruler), based on the real-life exploits of the 8th-century Umayyad military leader Abdallah al-Battal.

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Battle of Crécy

The Battle of Crécy (26 August 1346), also spelled Cressy, was an English victory during the Edwardian phase of the Hundred Years' War.

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Battle of Dyrrhachium (1081)

The Battle of Dyrrhachium (near present-day Durrës in Albania) took place on October 18, 1081 between the Byzantine Empire, led by the Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118), and the Normans of southern Italy under Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria.

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Battle of Graus

The Battle of Graus was a battle of the Reconquista, traditionally said to have taken place on 8 May 1063.

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Battle of Iconium (1069)

The Battle of Iconium (Greek: Μάχη του Ικονίου, Turkish: Konya Muharebesi) was an unsuccessful attempt by the Seljuk Turks to capture the city of Iconium, modern day Konya.

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Battle of Kalavrye

The Battle of Kalavrye (also Kalavryai or Kalavryta) was fought in 1078 between the Byzantine imperial forces of general (and future emperor) Alexios Komnenos and the rebellious governor of Dyrrhachium, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder.

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Battle of Larissa

The Battle of Larissa was a military engagement between the armies of the Byzantine Empire and the Italo-Norman County of Apulia and Calabria.

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Battle of Levounion

The Battle of Levounion was the first decisive Byzantine victory of the Komnenian restoration.

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Battle of Manzikert (1054)

The Battle of Manzikert in 1054 was a successful defense of the city of Manzikert by Byzantine forces under Basil Apocapes against the Seljuk Turks led by sultan Toğrül.

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Battle of Myriokephalon

The Battle of Myriokephalon, also known as the Battle of Myriocephalum, or Miryokefalon Savaşı in Turkish, was a battle between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Turks in Phrygia on 17 September 1176.

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Beylik of Çubukoğulları

Beylik of Çubukoğulları (Çubukoğulları Beyliği, literally "sons of Çubuk") was a small and short-lived principality in East Anatolia, Turkey between 1085 and 1112.

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Beylik of Dilmaç

Beylik of Dilmaç (Dimleç or Demleç) was a small principality (beylik) in East Anatolia (part of modern Turkey) founded in the 11th century.

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Beylik of Tanrıbermiş

Beylik of Tanrıbermiş was a small and short-lived principality in western Anatolia (modern Turkey) during the late 11th century.

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Bitlis

Bitlis (Բաղեշ; Bidlîs; ܒܝܬ ܕܠܝܣ; بتليس; Βαλαλης Balales) is a city in eastern Turkey and the capital of Bitlis Province.

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Bolu Province

Bolu Province (Bolu ili) is a province in northwestern Turkey. It's an important midpoint between the capital, Ankara and the largest city in the country, Istanbul. It covers an area of 7,410 km², and the population is 271,208. This is an attractive forested mountain district centered on the city of Bolu, which has a long history. There is plenty of forest but little agricultural land. There is some garden produce and dairy production including good cheeses and cream, most of this is consumed or sold locally, especially as Bolu has a large passing trade: Bolu Mountain is the major topographical obstacle on the Istanbul-Ankara highway, and until 2007, when the Bolu Mountain Tunnel is being opened, most travelers stopped here for food and refreshment. Bolu has a long tradition of high quality cuisine. Annual cookery competitions are held in Mengen.

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Bor, Niğde

Bor is a town and district of Niğde Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey, north of the city of Niğde, on a high plain (altitude). The district's population is 59,919 of which 38,320 live in the town of Bor.

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Bucellarian Theme

The Bucellarian Theme (Βουκελλάριον θέμα, Boukellarion thema), more properly known as the Theme of the Bucellarians (θέμα Βουκελλαρίων, thema Boukellariōn) was a Byzantine theme (a military-civilian province) in northern Asia Minor (modern Turkey).

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Bulanık

Bulanık, formerly Gop or Kop (Կոփ), is a town and district of Muş Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey.

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Burdur

Burdur is a city southwestern Turkey and the seat of the Burdur Province of Turkey.

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Byzantine army

The Byzantine army or Eastern Roman army was the primary military body of the Byzantine armed forces, serving alongside the Byzantine navy.

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Byzantine army (Komnenian era)

The Byzantine army of the Komnenian era or Komnenian army was the force established by Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos during the late 11th/early 12th century, and perfected by his successors John II Komnenos and Manuel I Komnenos during the 12th century.

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Byzantine art

Byzantine art is the name for the artistic products of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, as well as the nations and states that inherited culturally from the empire.

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Byzantine battle tactics

The Byzantine army evolved from that of the late Roman Empire.

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Byzantine calendar

The Byzantine calendar, also called "Creation Era of Constantinople" or "Era of the World" (Ἔτη Γενέσεως Κόσμου κατὰ Ῥωμαίους, also Ἔτος Κτίσεως Κόσμου or Ἔτος Κόσμου, abbreviated as ε.Κ.), was the calendar used by the Eastern Orthodox Church from c. 691 to 1728 in the Ecumenical Patriarchate.

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Byzantine conquest of Cilicia

The Byzantine reconquest of Cilicia was a series of conflicts and engagements between the forces of the Byzantine Empire under Nikephoros II Phokas and the Hamdanid ruler of Aleppo, Sayf al-Dawla, over control of the region of Cilicia in southeastern Anatolia.

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Byzantine economy

The Byzantine economy was among the most robust economies in the Mediterranean for many centuries.

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Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).

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Byzantine Empire under the Angelos dynasty

The Byzantine Empire or Byzantium is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the ethnic and Greek-speaking Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople.

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Byzantine Empire under the Doukas dynasty

The Byzantine Empire was ruled by emperors of the Doukas dynasty between 1059 and 1081.

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Byzantine Empire under the Komnenos dynasty

The Byzantine Empire or Byzantium is a term conventionally used by historians to describe the Greek ethnic and speaking Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople.

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Byzantine navy

The Byzantine navy was the naval force of the East Roman or Byzantine Empire.

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Byzantine studies

Byzantine studies is an interdisciplinary branch of the humanities that addresses the history, culture, demography, dress, religion/theology, art, literature/epigraphy, music, science, economy, coinage and politics of the Eastern Roman Empire.

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Byzantine–Arab wars (780–1180)

Between 780–1180, the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid & Fatimid caliphates in the regions of Iraq, Palestine, Syria, Anatolia and Southern Italy fought a series of wars for supremacy in the Eastern Mediterranean.

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Byzantine–Georgian wars

The Byzantine–Georgian wars (ბიზანტიურ-ქართული ომები) were a series of conflicts fought during the 11th-13th centuries over several strategic districts in the Byzantine-Georgian marchlands.

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Byzantine–Seljuq wars

The Byzantine–Seljuq Wars (Bizans-Selçuklu Savaşları) were a series of decisive battles that shifted the balance of power in Asia Minor and Syria from the European Byzantine Empire to the Central Asian Seljuq Turks.

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Cappadocia

Cappadocia (also Capadocia; Καππαδοκία, Kappadokía, from Katpatuka, Kapadokya) is a historical region in Central Anatolia, largely in the Nevşehir, Kayseri, Kırşehir, Aksaray, and Niğde Provinces in Turkey.

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Cappadocia (theme)

The Theme of Cappadocia (θέμα Καππαδοκίας) was a Byzantine theme (a military-civilian province) encompassing the southern portion of the namesake region from the early 9th to the late 11th centuries.

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Cappadocian Greek

Cappadocian, also known as Cappadocian Greek or Asia Minor Greek, is a mixed language spoken in Cappadocia (Central Turkey).

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Cappadocian Greeks

Cappadocian Greeks also known as Greek Cappadocians (Έλληνες-Καππαδόκες, Ελληνοκαππαδόκες, Καππαδόκες; Kapadokyalı Rumlar) or simply Cappadocians are a Greek community native to the geographical region of Cappadocia in central-eastern Anatolia, roughly the Nevşehir Province and surrounding provinces of modern Turkey.

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Charsianon

Charsianon (Χαρσιανόν) was the name of a Byzantine fortress and the corresponding theme (a military-civilian province) in the region of Cappadocia in central Anatolia (modern Turkey).

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Choma (fortress)

Choma (Χῶμα) was a Byzantine fortress in central Anatolia, which played an important role in the fight against the Seljuk Turks in the late 11th and 12th centuries.

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Christianity in the 11th century

Christianity in the 11th century is marked primarily by the Great Schism of the Church, which formally divided the State church of the Roman Empire into Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) branches.

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Constantine IX Monomachos

Constantine IX Monomachos, Latinized as Constantine IX Monomachus (translit; c. 1000 – 11 January 1055), reigned as Byzantine emperor from June 11, 1042 to January 11, 1055.

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Constantinople

Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis; Constantinopolis) was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire (330–1204 and 1261–1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204–1261), and the later Ottoman (1453–1923) empires.

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Council of Piacenza

The Council of Piacenza was a mixed synod of ecclesiastics and laymen of the Roman Catholic Church, which took place from March 1 to March 7, 1095, at Piacenza.

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Crusader states

The Crusader states, also known as Outremer, were a number of mostly 12th- and 13th-century feudal Christian states created by Western European crusaders in Asia Minor, Greece and the Holy Land, and during the Northern Crusades in the eastern Baltic area.

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Crusades

The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.

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Cumans

The Cumans (Polovtsi) were a Turkic nomadic people comprising the western branch of the Cuman–Kipchak confederation.

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Danishmend Gazi

Danishmend Gazi, full name Gümüştekin Danishmend Ahmed Gazi (دانشمند احمد غازی), Danishmend Taylu, or Malik Dānishmand Aḥmad Ghāzī (died 1104), was the founder of the beylik of Danishmends.

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Danishmends

The Danishmend or Danishmendid dynasty (سلسله دانشمند, Danişmentliler) was a Turkish dynasty that ruled in north-central and eastern Anatolia in the 11th and 12th centuries.

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David IV of Georgia

David IV, also known as David the Builder (დავით აღმაშენებელი) (1073– 24 January 1125), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king of Georgia from 1089 until his death in 1125.

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Düziçi

Düziçi is a town and district of Osmaniye Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey.

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Decline of the Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire (the Eastern Roman Empire during the medieval period, after the fall of the Western Roman Empire) following the crisis of the Gothic Wars managed to re-establish itself in a golden age under the Justinian dynasty in the 6th century, and during the Early Middle Ages it continued to flourish even after the Muslim conquest of the Levant and the constant threat of Arab invasion.

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Demetrius of Anacopia

Demetrius (დემეტრე, Demetre) (died 1042) was a Georgian prince of the Bagrationi royal dynasty, and a claimant to the throne of Georgia.

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Derbe (Diocese)

The Diocese of Derbe is an ancient bishopric located at Derbe in the Roman province of Galatia in Asia Minor, and in the ethnic region of Lycaonia.

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Didim

Didim is a small town, popular seaside holiday resort, and district of Aydın Province on the Aegean coast of western Turkey, from the provincial capital city of Aydın.

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Divriği

Divriği, historically known as Tephrike (Τεφρική Tephrike, Տեւրիկ Tewrik) and formerly sometimes called Divrik, is a small town and a district of Sivas Province of Turkey.

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Diyarbakır

Diyarbakır (Amida, script) is one of the largest cities in southeastern Turkey.

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Doğankent

Doğankent is a town and a district of Giresun Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey.

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Dorylaeum

Dorylaeum or Dorylaion (Δορύλαιον), called Şarhöyük in Turkish language, was an ancient city in Anatolia.

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Erzincan

Erzincan (Երզնկա, Yerznka) is the capital of Erzincan Province in northeastern Turkey.

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Erzurum

Erzurum (Կարին) is a city in eastern Anatolia (Asian Turkey).

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Eudokia Makrembolitissa

Eudokia Makrembolitissa (or Eudocia Macrembolitissa) (Εὐδοκία Μακρεμβολίτισσα) (c.1021 – 1096) was a Byzantine Empress by marriage to Emperor Constantine X Doukas.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Feke

Feke (Վահկա or Vahka) is a small city and a district in Adana Province of Turkey, 122 km from the city of Adana, 620m above sea-level, a small town on attractive forested mountainside.

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First Crusade

The First Crusade (1095–1099) was the first of a number of crusades that attempted to recapture the Holy Land, called for by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095.

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Gabras

Gabras or Gavras (Γαβρᾶς), feminine form Gabraina (Γάβραινα), is the surname of an important Byzantine aristocratic family, which became especially prominent in the late 11th and early 12th centuries as the semi-independent and quasi-hereditary rulers of Chaldia.

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Gazi Gümüshtigin

Emir Gümüshtigin Gazi (Melik Gazi; also known as Emir Ghazi II or Melik Gazi; died 1134) was the second ruler of the Danishmend state which his father Danishmend Gazi had founded in central-eastern Anatolia after the Battle of Manzikert.

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Gümerdiğin

Gümerdiğin is the larger of the two towns of Şabanözü.

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Genetic studies on Turkish people

In population genetics, research has been made to study the genetic origins of the modern Turkish people(Not to be confused with Turkic peoples) in Turkey.

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George II of Georgia

George II (გიორგი II, Giorgi II) (1054 – 1112), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was a king of Georgia from 1072 to 1089.

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Georgian–Seljuk wars

A number of wars between the Kingdom of Georgia and the Seljuk Empire were fought from 1075 until 1203 when the last Seljuk invasion of Georgian territory was defeated.

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Gezi Park protests

A wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Turkey began on 28 May 2013, initially to contest the urban development plan for Istanbul's Taksim Gezi Park.

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Ghazi (warrior)

Ghazi (غازي) is an Arabic term originally referring to an individual who participates in ghazw (غزو), meaning military expeditions or raiding; after the emergence of Islam, it took on new connotations of religious warfare.

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Great Turkish Invasion

The Great Turkish Invasion, also translated as the Great Turkish Troubles (დიდი თურქობა, didi turkoba) is the term by which the Georgian historiography refers to continuous attacks and settlement of the Seljuq-led Turkic tribes in the Georgian lands during the reign of George II in the 1080s.

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Greeks in Turkey

The Greeks in Turkey (Rumlar) constitute a population of Greek and Greek-speaking Eastern Orthodox Christians who mostly live in Istanbul, as well as on the two islands of the western entrance to the Dardanelles: Imbros and Tenedos (Gökçeada and Bozcaada).

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Hasankeyf

Hasankeyf (Heskîf, حصن كيفا,, Κιφας, Cepha, ܟܐܦܐ) is an ancient town and district located along the Tigris River in the Batman Province in southeastern Turkey.

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Heavy cavalry

Heavy cavalry is a class of cavalry whose primary role was to engage in direct combat with enemy forces, and are heavily armed and armoured compared to light cavalry.

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Hemshin peoples

The Hemshin people (Համշենցիներ, Hamshentsiner; Hemşinliler), also known as Hemshinli or Hamshenis or Homshetsi, are a diverse group of peoples who in the past or present have been affiliated with the Hemşin district in the province of Rize, Turkey.

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High Middle Ages

The High Middle Ages, or High Medieval Period, was the period of European history that commenced around 1000 AD and lasted until around 1250 AD.

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History of Anatolia

The history of Anatolia (Asia Minor) can be roughly subdivided into prehistory, Ancient Near East (Bronze Age and Early Iron Age), Classical Anatolia, Hellenistic Anatolia, Byzantine Anatolia, the age of the Crusades followed by the gradual Seljuk/Ottoman conquest in the 13th to 14th centuries, Ottoman Anatolia (14th to 19th centuries) and the modern history of the Republic of Turkey.

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History of Ankara

The history of Ankara can be traced back to the Bronze Age Hatti civilization, which was succeeded in the 2nd millennium BC by the Hittites, in the 10th century BC by the Phrygians, and later by the Lydians, Persians, Macedonians, Galatians, Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks, and Ottomans.

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History of Armenia

Armenia lies in the highlands surrounding the Biblical mountains of Ararat.

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History of Athens

Athens is one of the oldest named cities in the world, having been continuously inhabited for at least 5000 years.

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History of Christianity

The history of Christianity concerns the Christian religion, Christendom, and the Church with its various denominations, from the 1st century to the present.

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History of Christianity during the Middle Ages

The history of Christianity during the Middle Ages is the history of Christianity between the Fall of Rome and the onset of the Protestant Reformation during the early 16th century, the development usually taken to mark the beginning of modern Christianity.

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History of Georgia (country)

The nation of Georgia (საქართველო sakartvelo) was first unified as a kingdom under the Bagrationi dynasty by the King Bagrat III of Georgia in the 8th to 9th century, arising from a number of predecessor states of the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia.

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History of Islam

The history of Islam concerns the political, social,economic and cultural developments of the Islamic civilization.

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History of Palestine

The history of Palestine is the study of the past in the region of Palestine, generally defined as a geographic region in the Southern Levant between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River (where Israel and Palestine are today), and various adjoining lands.

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History of the Byzantine Empire

This history of the Byzantine Empire covers the history of the Eastern Roman Empire from late antiquity until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD.

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History of the Jews under Muslim rule

Jewish communities have existed across the Middle East and North Africa since Antiquity.

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History of the Middle East

Home to the Cradle of Civilization, the Middle East (usually interchangeable with the Near East) has seen many of the world's oldest cultures and civilizations.

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Hit-and-run tactics

Hit-and-run tactics is a tactical doctrine where the purpose of the combat involved is not to seize control of territory, but to inflict damage on a target and immediately exit the area to avoid the enemy's defense and/or retaliation.

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House of Hasan-Jalalyan

The House of Hasan-Jalalyan (Հասան-Ջալալյաններ) was an Armenian dynasty that ruled the region of Khachen (Greater Artsakh) from 1214 onwards in what are now the regions of lower Karabakh, Nagorno-Karabakh and small part of Syunik. Ulubabyan, Bagrat. "Հասան-Ջալալյաններ". Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1980, vol. 6, p. 246. It was named after Hasan-Jalal Dawla (Հասան-Ջալալ Դոլա), an Armenian feudal prince from Khachen. The Hasan-Jalalyan family was able to maintain its autonomy throughout several centuries of foreign domination of the region by Seljuk Turks, Persians and Mongols as they, as well as the other Armenian princes and meliks of Khachen, saw themselves of holding the last bastion of Armenian independence in the region. Through their many patronages of churches and other monuments, the Hasan-Jalalyans helped cultivate Armenian culture throughout the region. By the late 16th century, the Hasan-Jalalyan family had branched out to establish melikdoms in Gulistan and Jraberd, making them, along with Khachen, Varanda and Dizak, a part of what was then known as the "Melikdoms of Khamsa.".

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House of Mengüjek

The House of Mengüjek (Modern Turkish: Mengüçoğulları or Mengücek Beyliği or Mengüçlü Beyliği) was an Anatolian beylik of the first period, founded after the Battle of Manzikert.

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Iberia (theme)

The theme of Iberia (θέμα Ἰβηρίας) was an administrative and military unit – theme – within the Byzantine Empire carved by the Byzantine Emperors out of several Georgian lands in the 11th century.

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Immortals (Achaemenid Empire)

The Immortals (Persian: گارد جاویدان Gārd-e Jāvidān; from the Greek Ἀθάνατοι Athánatoi) also known as the Persian Immortals or Persian Warriors was the name given by Herodotus to an elite heavily-armed infantry unit of 10,000 soldiers in the army of the Achaemenid Empire.

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Immortals (Byzantine Empire)

The Immortals (Ἀθάνατοι, Athanatoi) were one of the elite tagmata military units of the Byzantine Empire, first raised during the late 10th century.

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Index of Byzantine Empire-related articles

This is a list of people, places, things, and concepts related to or originating from the Byzantine Empire (AD 330–1453).

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Irenopolis, Cilicia

Irenopolis or Eirenopolis (Εἰρηνούπολις) was an ancient Roman, Byzantine and medieval city in northeastern Cilicia, not far from the Calycadnus river, also known briefly as Neronias (Νερωνιάς) in honour of the Roman emperor Nero.

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Isaac Komnenos (brother of Alexios I)

Isaac Komnenos or Comnenus (Ἰσαάκιος Κομνηνός, Isaakios Komnēnos; – 1102/1104) was a notable Byzantine aristocrat and military commander in the 1070s.

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Isaura Palaea

Isaura Palaea (Ἴσαυρα Παλαιά, Isaura Palaia, "Old Isaura") or Leontopolis (Λεοντόπολις, "city of Leo") was a Roman and Byzantine era town in southern Turkey.

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Islam in Armenia

Islam began to make inroads into the Armenian Plateau during the seventh century.

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Islam in Turkey

Islam in Turkey, The established presence of Islam in the region that now constitutes modern Turkey dates back to the latter half of the 11th century, when the Seljuks started expanding into eastern Anatolia.

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Islamic art

Islamic art encompasses the visual arts produced from the 7th century onward by people who lived within the territory that was inhabited by or ruled by culturally Islamic populations.

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Jereed

Jereed (also jerreed, jerid, or jerrid; Cirit) is a traditional Turkish equestrian team sport played outdoors on horseback in which the objective is to score points by throwing a blunt wooden javelin at opposing team's horsemen.

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John Doukas (Caesar)

John Doukas (or Ducas) (Ιωάννης Δούκας, Iōannēs Doukas) (died c. 1088) was the son of Andronikos Doukas, a Paphlagonian nobleman who may have served as governor of the theme of Moesia, and the younger brother of Emperor Constantine X Doukas.

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John II Komnenos

John II Komnenos or Comnenus (Ίωάννης Βʹ Κομνηνός, Iōannēs II Komnēnos; 13 September 1087 – 8 April 1143) was Byzantine Emperor from 1118 to 1143.

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Joseph Tarchaneiotes

Joseph Tarchaneiotes (Ιωσήφ Ταρχανειώτης) was a Byzantine general primarily known for his lack of participation in the decisive Battle of Manzikert (1071).

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Justinianopolis in Armenia

The area around Justinianopolis (Erzincan) in 2011. Justinianopolis in Armenia also known as Iustinianopolis was a Roman and Byzantine era city and bishopric in Lesser Armenia.

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Kahramanmaraş

Kahramanmaraş is a city in the Mediterranean Region, Turkey and the administrative center of Kahramanmaraş Province.

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Kaykhusraw II

Ghiyath al-Din Kaykhusraw II or Ghiyāth ad-Dīn Kaykhusraw bin Kayqubād (غياث الدين كيخسرو بن كيقباد) was the sultan of the Seljuqs of Rûm from 1237 until his death in 1246.

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Kınalıada

Kınalıada (Գնալը կղզի; Πρώτη, Proti 'first') is an island in the Sea of Marmara; it is the closest of the Prince Islands to Istanbul, Turkey, lying about to the south.

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Kemah, Erzincan

Kemah (Zazaki: Kemax, Անի-Կամախ Ani-Kamakh), known historically as Gamakh, Kamacha or Kamachon (Κάμαχα, Κάμαχον) is a town and district of Erzincan Province in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey.

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Kingdom of Georgia

The Kingdom of Georgia (საქართველოს სამეფო), also known as the Georgian Empire, was a medieval Eurasian monarchy which emerged circa 1008 AD.

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Koloneia (theme)

The Theme of Koloneia (θέμα Κολωνείας) was a small military-civilian province (thema or theme) of the Byzantine Empire located in northern Cappadocia and the southern Pontus, in modern Turkey.

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Komnenian restoration

The Komnenian restoration is the term used by historians to describe the military, financial, and territorial recovery of the Byzantine Empire under the Komnenian dynasty, from the accession of Alexios I Komnenos in 1081 to the death of Andronikos I Komnenos in 1185.

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Konya

Konya (Ikónion, Iconium) is a major city in south-western edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau and is the seventh-most-populous city in Turkey with a metropolitan population of over 2.1 million.

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Lake Van

Lake Van (Van Gölü, Վանա լիճ, Vana lič̣, Gola Wanê), the largest lake in Turkey, lies in the far east of that country in the provinces of Van and Bitlis.

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Leo Tornikios

Leo Tornikios (Λέων Τορνίκιος) was a mid-11th century Byzantine general and noble.

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Lesser Armenia

Lesser Armenia (Փոքր Հայք, Pokr Hayk; Armenia Minor), also known as Armenia Minor and Armenia Inferior, comprised the Armenian–populated regions primarily to the west and northwest of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia (also known as Kingdom of Greater Armenia).

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List of battles (alphabetical)

Alphabetical list of historical battles (see also Military history, Lists of battles): NOTE: Where a year has been used to disambiguate battles it is the year when the battle started.

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List of battles (geographic)

This list of battles is organized geographically, by country in its present territory.

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List of battles 301–1300

No description.

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List of Byzantine battles

The following is a list of battles fought by the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire, from the 6th century AD until its dissolution in the mid-15th century, organized by date.

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List of Byzantine emperors

This is a list of the Byzantine emperors from the foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD, which marks the conventional start of the Byzantine Empire (or the Eastern Roman Empire), to its fall to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD.

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List of Byzantine wars

This is a list of the wars or external conflicts fought during the history of the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire (330–1453).

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List of conflicts in Asia

This is a list of wars and conflicts in Asia, particularly East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Russia.

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List of conflicts in the Near East

The area known as the "Near East" is usually referred to as Middle East in modern contexts.

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List of invasions

This is a list of invasions ordered by date.

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List of military disasters

In this list a military disaster is the unexpected and sound defeat of one side in a battle or war, sometimes changing the course of history.

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List of Roman emperors

The Roman Emperors were rulers of the Roman Empire, wielding power over its citizens and military.

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List of wars involving Greece

This is a list of known wars, conflicts, battles/sieges, missions and operations involving ancient Greek city states and kingdoms, Magna Graecia, other Greek colonies (First Greek colonisation, Second Greek colonisation, Greeks in pre-Roman Crimea, Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul, Greeks in Egypt, Greeks in Syria, Greeks in Malta), Greek Kingdoms of Hellenistic period, Byzantine Empire/ Byzantine Greeks, Byzantine Greek successor states of the Byzantine Empire, Kingdom of Greece and Greece between 3000 BC and the present day.

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List of wars involving Iran

The following is an historical overview of the list of wars and conflicts involving Iran (Persia).

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Lykandos

Lykandos or Lycandus (Λυκανδός) was the name of a Byzantine fortress and military-civilian province (or thema), known as the Theme of Lykandos, in the 10th–11th centuries.

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Malatya

Malatya (Մալաթիա Malat'ya; Meletî; ܡܠܝܛܝܢܐ Malīṭīná; مالاتيا) is a large city in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey and the capital of Malatya Province.

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Malazgirt

Malazgirt (also Malâzgird; Մանազկերտ Manazkert; Ματζιέρτη Matzierte; historically Manzikert, Μαντζικέρτ) is a town in Muş Province in eastern Turkey, with a population of 23,697 (year 2000).

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Maleinos

Maleinos (Μαλεΐνος) was the surname of a Byzantine Greek family, first attested in the 9th century, which rose to be amongst the most important and powerful members of the Anatolian aristocracy (the dynatoi) in the 10th century, providing many senior generals to the Byzantine army.

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Malik-Shah I

Jalāl al-Dawla Mu'izz al-Dunyā Wa'l-Din Abu'l-Fatḥ ibn Alp Arslān (8 August 1053 – 19 November 1092, full name: معزالدنیا و الدین ملکشاه بن محمد الب ارسلان قسیم امیرالمومنین), better known by his regnal name of Malik-Shah I (ملکشاه) (Melikşah), was Sultan of the Seljuq Empire from 1072 to 1092.

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Manisa

Manisa is a large city in Turkey's Aegean Region and the administrative seat of Manisa Province.

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Manuel I Komnenos

Manuel I Komnenos (or Comnenus; Μανουήλ Α' Κομνηνός, Manouēl I Komnēnos; 28 November 1118 – 24 September 1180) was a Byzantine Emperor of the 12th century who reigned over a crucial turning point in the history of Byzantium and the Mediterranean.

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Medieval History Magazine

Medieval History Magazine was a magazine dedicated to the medieval era, with a readership encompassing historians, re-enactors and other individuals interested in the history of the Middle Ages.

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Medieval warfare

Medieval warfare is the European warfare of the Middle Ages.

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Menemen

Menemen, is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey as well as the district's central town.

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Mesopotamia (theme)

Mesopotamia (Μεσοποταμία) was the name of a Byzantine theme (a military-civilian province) located in what is today eastern Turkey.

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Metropolis of Ancyra

The Metropolis of Ancyra (Μητρόπολις Ἀγκύρας) was a Christian (Eastern Orthodox after the East–West Schism) bishopric in Ancyra (modern Ankara, Turkey) and metropolitan see of Galatia Prima.

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Michael VII Doukas

Michael VII Doukas or Dukas/Ducas (Μιχαήλ Ζ΄ Δούκας, Mikhaēl VII Doukas), nicknamed Parapinakes (Παραπινάκης, lit. "minus a quarter", with reference to the devaluation of the Byzantine currency under his rule), was Byzantine emperor from 1071 to 1078.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.

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Mihailo Vojislavljević

Mihailo Vojislavljević (1050–d. 1081) was the Serbian ruler of Duklja, from 1050 to 1081 initially as a Byzantine vassal holding the title of protospatharios, then after 1077 as nominally serving Pope Gregory VII, addressed as "King of the Slavs".

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Military history of the Crusader states

The military history of the Crusader states begins with the formation of the County of Edessa in 1097 and ends with the loss of Ruad in 1302, the last Christian stronghold in the Holy Land.

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Monastery of the Transfiguration, Kinaliada

The Monastery of the Transfiguration, known locally as Hristo Monastery, is a prominent Greek Orthodox monastery that has served the Greek Orthodox community of Constantinople (modern Istanbul) since the time of the Byzantine Empire.

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Muş Province

Muş Province (Muş ili) is a province in eastern Turkey.

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Name of Turkey

The English name Turkey, now applied to the modern Republic of Turkey, is historically derived (via Old French Turquie) from the Medieval Latin Turchia, Turquia; and Greek Τουρκία.

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Nevşehir

Nevşehir, formerly Neapolis and Muşkara, is a city and the capital district of Nevşehir Province in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey.

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New Athos

New Athos or Akhali Atoni (ახალი ათონი, Akhali Atoni; Афон Ҿыц, Afon Ch'yts; Новый Афон; Novy Afon, Νέος Άθως, Neos Athos) is a town in the Gudauta ''raion'' of Abkhazia, situated some from Sukhumi by the shores of the Black Sea.

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Nicholas III of Constantinople

Nicholas III Grammatikos or Grammaticus (? – May 1111) was an Eastern Orthodox patriarch of Constantinople (1084–1111).

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Nikephoritzes

Nikephoritzes (Νικηφορίτζης) was an influential Byzantine eunuch official, who served as chief minister and virtual ruler of the Byzantine Empire during the reign of Emperor Michael VII Doukas (r. 1071–1078).

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Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder

Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder (Νικηφόρος Βρυέννιος ο πρεσβύτερος), Latinized as Nicephorus Bryennius, was a Byzantine general who tried to establish himself as Emperor in the late eleventh century.

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Nikephoros Melissenos

Nikephoros Melissenos (Νικηφόρος Μελισσηνός, ca. 1045 – 17 November 1104), Latinized as Nicephorus Melissenus, was a Byzantine general and aristocrat.

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Nikephoros Palaiologos

Nikephoros Palaiologos (Νικηφόρος Παλαιολόγος; died 18 October 1081) was a Byzantine general of the 11th century.

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Niksar

Niksar /'niksar/ (Νεοκαισάρεια, Neokaisáreia) is a city in Tokat Province, Turkey.

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Nizam al-Mulk

Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ali Tusi (April 10, 1018 – October 14, 1092), better known by his honorific title of Nizam al-Mulk (نظام‌الملک, "Order of the Realm") was a Persian scholar and vizier of the Seljuq Empire.

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Numayrid dynasty

The Numayrids were an Arab dynasty based in Diyar Mudar (western Upper Mesopotamia).

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Old Bridge, Hasankeyf

The Old Bridge (Eski Köprü), also known as the Old Tigris Bridge, is a ruined four-arch bridge spanning the Tigris River in the town of Hasankeyf in Batman Province in southeastern Turkey.

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Optimatoi

The Optimatoi (Ὀπτιμάτοι, from Optimates, "the Best Men") were initially formed as an elite Byzantine military unit.

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Osmaniye

Osmaniye is a city in the Çukurova region of Turkey, the capital of Osmaniye Province.

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Paphlagonia (theme)

The Theme of Paphlagonia (θέμα Παφλαγονίας) was a military-civilian province (thema or theme) of the Byzantine Empire in the namesake region along the northern coast of Anatolia, in modern Turkey.

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Pechenegs

The Pechenegs or Patzinaks were a semi-nomadic Turkic people from Central Asia speaking the Pecheneg language which belonged to the Oghuz branch of Turkic language family.

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Pergamon

Pergamon, or Pergamum (τὸ Πέργαμον or ἡ Πέργαμος), was a rich and powerful ancient Greek city in Aeolis.

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Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia

Peter Krešimir IV, called the Great (Petar Krešimir IV., Petrus Cresimir) (died 1075), was King of Croatia and Dalmatia from 1059 to his death in 1074/5.

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Philaretos Brachamios

Philaretos Brachamios (Φιλάρετος Βραχάμιος; Armenian: Փիլարտոս Վարաժնունի, Pilartos Varajnuni; Philaretus Brachamius) was a distinguished Byzantine general and warlord of Armenian heritage, and for a time was a usurper against emperor Michael VII.

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Phrygia

In Antiquity, Phrygia (Φρυγία, Phrygía, modern pronunciation Frygía; Frigya) was first a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now Asian Turkey, centered on the Sangarios River, later a region, often part of great empires.

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Pincer movement

The pincer movement, or double envelopment, is a military maneuver in which forces simultaneously attack both flanks (sides) of an enemy formation.

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Pozantı

Pozantı (Ancient Greek: Πενδοσις, Pendhòsis, formerly Arab: El Bedendum) is a town and a district in the Adana Province of Turkey.

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Prince Islands

The Prince Islands (Πριγκηπονήσια, Prens Adaları, alternatively written as Princes' Islands in which the "princes" are plural (meaning "Islands of the Princes"); or Kızıl Adalar ("Red Islands") in Turkish); officially just Adalar ("Islands"), are an archipelago off the coast of Istanbul, Turkey, in the Sea of Marmara.

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Rashid al-Dawla Mahmud

Rashid al-Dawla Mahmud, full name Mahmud bin Shibl al-Dawla Nasr bin Salih bin Mirdas, also known as Abu Salama Mahmud bin Nasr bin Salih, (died 1075) was the Mirdasid emir of Aleppo from 1060 to 1061 and again from 1065 until his death.

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Rhodes

Rhodes (Ρόδος, Ródos) is the largest of the Dodecanese islands of Greece in terms of land area and also the island group's historical capital.

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Rize Province

Rize Province (Rize ili) is a province of north-east Turkey, on the eastern Black Sea coast between Trabzon and Artvin. The province of Erzurum is to the south. it was formerly known as Lazistan, the designation of the term of Lazistan was officially banned in 1926, by Kemalists. Its capital is the city of Rize. The province is home to Laz, Hemshin, Turkish people and Georgian communities. Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan spent his early childhood in Rize, where his father was a member of the Turkish Coast Guard.

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Robert Crispin

Robert Crispin (Crépin, died 1071), called Frankopoulos, was a Norman mercenary and the leader of a corps of his countrymen stationed at Edessa under the command of the Byzantine general Isaac Komnenos, in the 1060s.

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Roman Armenia

Roman Armenia refers to the rule of parts of Greater Armenia by the Roman Empire, from the 1st century AD to the end of Late Antiquity.

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Roman army

The Roman army (Latin: exercitus Romanus) is a term that can in general be applied to the terrestrial armed forces deployed by the Romans throughout the duration of Ancient Rome, from the Roman Kingdom (to c. 500 BC) to the Roman Republic (500–31 BC) and the Roman Empire (31 BC – 395), and its medieval continuation the Eastern Roman Empire.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Romanos IV Diogenes

Romanos IV Diogenes (Ρωμανός Δ΄ Διογένης, Rōmanós IV Diogénēs), also known as Romanus IV, was a member of the Byzantine military aristocracy who, after his marriage to the widowed empress Eudokia Makrembolitissa, was crowned Byzantine emperor and reigned from 1068 to 1071.

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Roussel de Bailleul

Roussel de Bailleul (died 1077), also known as Phrangopoulos (literally "son-of-a-Frank"), was a Norman adventurer (or exile) who travelled to Byzantium and there received employ as a soldier and leader of men from the Emperor Romanus IV (ruled 1068–71).

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Ruben I, Prince of Armenia

Ruben I, (Ռուբեն Ա), also Roupen I or Rupen I, (1025/1035 – Kormogolo, 1095) was the first lord of Armenian Cilicia or “Lord of the Mountains” (1080/1081/1082 – 1095).

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Rumelia

Rumelia (روم ايلى, Rūm-ėli; Rumeli), also known as Turkey in Europe, was a historical term describing the area in southeastern Europe that was administered by the Ottoman Empire, mainly the Balkan Peninsula.

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Saint Nicholas

Saint Nicholas (Ἅγιος Νικόλαος,, Sanctus Nicolaus; 15 March 270 – 6 December 343), also called Nikolaos of Myra or Nicholas of Bari, was Bishop of Myra, in Asia Minor (modern-day Demre, Turkey), and is a historic Christian saint.

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Saltuk II

Saltuk II (İzzettin Saltuk) was a bey of Saltukids in the 12th century.

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Saltukids

The Saltukids or Saltuqids (Modern Turkish: Saltuklu Beyliği) were a dynasty ruling one of the Anatolian beyliks founded after the Battle of Manzikert (1071) and centered on Erzurum.

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Sebasteia (theme)

The Theme of Sebasteia (θέμα Σεβαστείας) was a military-civilian province (thema or theme) of the Byzantine Empire located in northeastern Cappadocia and Armenia Minor, in modern Turkey.

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See of Sardis

The See of Sardis or Sardes (Σάρδεις, Sardeis) was an episcopal see in the city of that name.

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Seleucia (theme)

The Theme of Seleucia (θέμα Σελευκείας, thema Seleukeias) was a Byzantine theme (a military-civilian province) in the southern coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey), headquartered at Seleucia (modern Silifke).

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Seljuk Empire

The Seljuk Empire (also spelled Seljuq) (آل سلجوق) was a medieval Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire, originating from the Qiniq branch of Oghuz Turks.

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Seymen

Seymen (seğmen, Persian segban - "Dog sitter") was a rank in the Seljuk military, introduced at the time of the Battle of Manzikert in 1071.

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Shah-Armens

The Shah-Armens, also called the Kings of Armenia or Rulers of Ahlat (Ahlatşahlar Beyliği), were the 11th- and 12th-century Turcoman rulers of an Anatolian beylik founded after the Battle of Manzikert (1071) and centred in Ahlat on the northwestern shore of the Lake Van.

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Sirmium (theme)

The Theme of Sirmium (Θέμα Σιρμίου) was a Byzantine administrative unit (theme), which existed in present-day Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 11th century.

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Sivas

Sivas (Latin and Greek: Sebastia, Sebastea, Sebasteia, Sebaste, Σεβάστεια, Σεβαστή) is a city in central Turkey and the seat of Sivas Province.

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Speri (region)

Speri, also known as Sper (Sber or Sper, სპერი Speri), is a historical region now part of the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey.

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Subutai

Subutai (Classical Mongolian: Sübügätäi or Sübü'ätäi; Сүбэдэй; Modern Mongolian: Сүбээдэй, Sübedei; 1175–1248) was an Uriankhai general, and the primary military strategist of Genghis Khan and Ögedei Khan.

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Sultanate of Rum

The Sultanate of Rûm (also known as the Rûm sultanate (سلجوقیان روم, Saljuqiyān-e Rum), Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate, Sultanate of Iconium, Anatolian Seljuk State (Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti) or Turkey Seljuk State (Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti)) was a Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim state established in the parts of Anatolia which had been conquered from the Byzantine Empire by the Seljuk Empire, which was established by the Seljuk Turks.

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Talas, Turkey

Talas is a town in central Anatolia and a district of Kayseri Province in Turkey.

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Tamga

A tamga or tamgha "stamp, seal" (тамга, 𐱃𐰢𐰍 tamga; damga) is an abstract seal or stamp used by Eurasian nomadic peoples and by cultures influenced by them.

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Tao (historical region)

Tao (ტაო) is a historical Georgian district and part of historic Tao-Klarjeti region, today part of the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey.

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Tarchaneiotes

Tarchaneiotes (Ταρχανειώτης), feminine form Tarchaneiotissa (Ταρχανειώτισσα), also attested in the variant forms Trachaneiotes, Trachaniates, Tarchoniates, was the name of a Byzantine aristocratic family from Adrianople, active from the late 10th to the 14th century, mostly as military commanders.

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Taron (historic Armenia)

Taron (Տարոն; Western Armenian pronunciation: Daron; Ταρών, Tarōn; Taraunitis) was a canton of the Turuberan province of Greater Armenia, roughly corresponding to the Muş Province of modern Turkey.

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Territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire

This is the territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire during a timespan of seven centuries.

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The Complete History

The Complete History (al-Kāmil fit-Tārīkh), is a classic Islamic history book written by Ali ibn al-Athir.

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Theme (Byzantine district)

The themes or themata (θέματα, thémata, singular: θέμα, théma) were the main administrative divisions of the middle Eastern Roman Empire.

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Theodore Alyates

Theodore Alyates (Θεόδωρος Ἀλυάτης) was a Byzantine general and close associate of the Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes.

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Timeline of 11th-century Muslim history

No description.

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Timeline of Armenian history

This is a timeline of Armenian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Armenia and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of İzmir

Below is a sequence of some of the events that affected the history of the city of İzmir (historically also Smyrna).

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Timeline of Georgian (country) history

This is a timeline of Georgian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Georgia and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of Jerusalem

This is a timeline of major events in the History of Jerusalem; a city that had been fought over sixteen times in its history.

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Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece (717–1204)

This is a timeline of the presence of Orthodoxy in Greece.

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Timeline of Roman history

This is a timeline of Roman history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in the Roman Kingdom and Republic and the Roman and Byzantine Empires.

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Timeline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum

The timeline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum (1077–1307) is summarized below.

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Timeline of the Turkic peoples (500–1300)

Below is the identified timeline of the History of the Turkic peoples between 6th and 14th centuries.

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Timeline of Turkish history

See History of Turkey.

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Togan Arslan

Togan Arslan was a bey of the Beylik of Dilmaç.

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Tokat

Tokat is the capital city of Tokat Province of Turkey in the mid-Black Sea region of Anatolia.

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Trabzon

Trabzon, historically known as Trebizond, is a city on the Black Sea coast of northeastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province.

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Turkey

Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

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Turkish literature

Turkish literature (Türk edebiyatı) comprises oral compositions and written texts in Turkic languages.

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Turkish Military Academy

The Turkish Military Academy (Kara Harp Okulu) is a four-year co-educational military academy located in the center of Ankara, Turkey.

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Turkish nationalism

Turkish nationalism is a political ideology that promotes and glorifies the Turkish people, as either a national, ethnic, or linguistic group.

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Turkish people

Turkish people or the Turks (Türkler), also known as Anatolian Turks (Anadolu Türkleri), are a Turkic ethnic group and nation living mainly in Turkey and speaking Turkish, the most widely spoken Turkic language.

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Turkish population

The Turkish population refers to the number of ethnic Turkish people in the world.

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Tushpa

Tushpa (Տոսպ Tosp, Assyrian: Turuspa, Tuşpa) was the 9th-century BC capital of Urartu, later becoming known as Van which is derived from Biainili the native name of Urartu.

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Tuulihaukka

Tuulihaukka (Finnish: The Kestrel or The Wind Falcon) is a historical novel by Finnish author Kaari Utrio.

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Uprising of Georgi Voyteh

The Uprising of Georgi Voyteh (Въстание на Георги Войтех, Словенски устанак у Поморављу - Slav Uprising in Pomoravlje) was a Bulgarian uprising against the Byzantine Empire in 1072.

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Van Province

Van Province (Armenian:Վան Van ili) is a province in eastern Turkey, between Lake Van and the Iranian border. It is 19,069 km2 in area and had a population of 1,035,418 at the end of 2010. Its adjacent provinces are Bitlis to the west, Siirt to the southwest, Şırnak and Hakkâri to the south, and Ağrı to the north. The capital is the city of Van. The majority of the province's population is Kurdish. and has a sizeable Azerbaijani minority (Küresünni).

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Van, Turkey

Van (Van; Վան; Wan; فان; Εύα, Eua) is a city in eastern Turkey's Van Province, located on the eastern shore of Lake Van.

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Varangian Guard

The Varangian Guard (Τάγμα τῶν Βαράγγων, Tágma tōn Varángōn) was an elite unit of the Byzantine Army, from the 10th to the 14th centuries, whose members served as personal bodyguards to the Byzantine Emperors.

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Venice

Venice (Venezia,; Venesia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.

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Yağıbasan

Yağıbasan (Nizamettin Yağıbasan) was a bey of Danishmends in the 12th century.

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Yalova

Yalova is a city located in northwestern Turkey, near the eastern coast of the Sea of Marmara.

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1071

Year 1071 (MLXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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11th century

The 11th century is the period from 1001 to 1100 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Common Era, and the 1st century of the 2nd millennium.

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Redirects here:

Battle Of Manzikert, Battle of Malazgirt, Battle of Mantzikert, Battle of manzikert, Malaz Kard, Malazgirt war.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert

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