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901 relations: Aberdaron, Abert Lake Petroglyphs, Abiego, Aboriginal Australians, Aboriginal sites of Victoria, Aboriginal Tasmanians, Abrupt climate change, Abu Madi, Aché, Acinonyx kurteni, Aconcagua mummy, Acratocnus, Adam's Bridge, Adams County Paleo-Indian District, Adams Seamount, Aepyornis, Afon Clun, Afontova Gora, African wild dog, Agathis australis, Aguazuque, Aguilera (volcano), Ahrensburg culture, Aiphanes, Alam-Pedja Nature Reserve, Ale's Stones, Alexander Marshack, Allerød oscillation, Alligator Effigy Mound, Altenbrunslar, Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Amazon River, American mountain deer, Amud Cave, Anangula Island, Ancient Fishweir Project, Ancient footprints of Acahualinca, Ancylus Lake, Angoumian, Ansel Hall Ruin, Antarctic Cold Reversal, Anthropocene, Anzick-1, Apalachee Bay, Archaeoindris, Archaeology of Israel, Archaic human admixture with modern humans, Archaic period (North America), Arene Candide, Arikareean, ..., Ark clam, Arlington Springs Man, Astronomical year 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archaeology, 2017 in science, 4.2 kiloyear event, 5.9 kiloyear event, 8.2 kiloyear event. 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Aberdaron

Aberdaron is a community, electoral ward and former fishing village at the western tip of the Llŷn Peninsula (Penrhyn Llŷn) in the Welsh county of Gwynedd.

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Abert Lake Petroglyphs

The Abert Lake Petroglyphs (Smithsonian trinomial: 35LK475) are a prehistoric archaeological site in Lake County, Oregon, United States.

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Abiego

Abiego is a municipality in the province of Huesca, in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain.

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Aboriginal Australians

Aboriginal Australians are legally defined as people who are members "of the Aboriginal race of Australia" (indigenous to mainland Australia or to the island of Tasmania).

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Aboriginal sites of Victoria

Aboriginal sites of Victoria form an important record of human occupation for probably more than 40,000 years.

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Aboriginal Tasmanians

The Aboriginal Tasmanians (Tasmanian: Palawa) are the indigenous people of the Australian state of Tasmania, located south of the mainland.

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Abrupt climate change

An abrupt climate change occurs when the climate system is forced to transition to a new climate state at a rate that is determined by the climate system energy-balance, and which is more rapid than the rate of change of the external forcing.

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Abu Madi

Abu Madi is a cluster of prehistoric, Neolithic tell mounds in Southern Sinai, Egypt.

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Aché

The Aché are an indigenous people of Paraguay.

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Acinonyx kurteni

"Acinonyx kurteni", or the Linxia cheetah, is a discredited fossil specimen of an extinct cheetah discovered in China.

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Aconcagua mummy

The Aconcagua mummy is an Incan qhapaq hucha mummy of a seven-year-old boy, dated to around 500 BP.

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Acratocnus

Acratocnus is an extinct genus of ground sloth found in Cuba, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.

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Adam's Bridge

Adam's Bridge (Sinhala: adamgay palama), also known as Rama's Bridge or Rama Setu (Sanskrit), is a chain of limestone shoals, between Pamban Island, also known as Rameswaram Island, off the south-eastern coast of Tamil Nadu, India, and Mannar Island, off the north-western coast of Sri Lanka.

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Adams County Paleo-Indian District

The Adams County Paleo-Indian District is an archaeological site near Sandy Springs in Green Township, Adams County, Ohio, United States.

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Adams Seamount

Adams Seamount is a submarine volcano above the Pitcairn hotspot in the central Pacific Ocean about southwest of Pitcairn Island.

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Aepyornis

Aepyornis is a genus of aepyornithid, one of two genera of ratite birds endemic to Madagascar known as elephant birds.

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Afon Clun

The Afon Clun (River Clun) is a long tributary of the River Ely (Afon Elai), in the counties of Cardiff and Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales.

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Afontova Gora

Afontova Gora is a Late Upper Paleolithic Siberian complex of archaeological sites located on the left bank of the Yenisei River near the city of Krasnoyarsk, Russia.

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African wild dog

The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), also known as African hunting dog, African painted dog, painted hunting dog, or painted wolf, is a canid native to Sub-Saharan Africa.

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Agathis australis

Agathis australis, commonly known by its Māori name kauri, is a coniferous tree of Araucariaceae in the genus Agathis, found north of 38°S in the northern districts of New Zealand's North Island.

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Aguazuque

Aguazuque is a pre-Columbian archaeological site located in the western part of the municipality Soacha, close to the municipalities Mosquera and San Antonio del Tequendama in Cundinamarca, Colombia.

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Aguilera (volcano)

Aguilera (e. 2546 m/8353 ft.) is a stratovolcano in southern Chile, which rises above the edge of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field.

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Ahrensburg culture

The Ahrensburg culture or Ahrensburgian (c.12,900 to 11,700 BP) was a late Upper Paleolithic nomadic hunter culture (or technocomplex) in north-central Europe during the Younger Dryas, the last spell of cold at the end of the Weichsel glaciation resulting in deforestation and the formation of a tundra with bushy arctic white birch and rowan.

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Aiphanes

Aiphanes is a genus of spiny palms which is native to tropical regions of South and Central America and the Caribbean.

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Alam-Pedja Nature Reserve

Alam-Pedja Nature Reserve (Alam-Pedja looduskaitseala) is the largest nature reserve in Estonia.

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Ale's Stones

Ale's Stones (Ales stenar) is a megalithic monument in Scania in southern Sweden.

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Alexander Marshack

Alexander Marshack (April 4, 1918 – December 20, 2004) was an American independent scholar and Paleolithic archaeologist.

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Allerød oscillation

The Allerød oscillation (Allerødtiden) was a warm and moist global interstadial that occurred c.13,900 to 12,900 BP, nearly at the end of the last glacial period.

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Alligator Effigy Mound

The Alligator Effigy Mound is an effigy mound in Granville, Ohio, United States.

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Altenbrunslar

Altenbunslar is one of the sixteen constituent communities that form the town of Felsberg in Schwalm-Eder-Kreis, North Hesse, Germany.

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Altiplano Cundiboyacense

The Altiplano Cundiboyacense is a high plateau located in the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes covering parts of the departments of Cundinamarca and Boyacá.

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Amazon River

The Amazon River (or; Spanish and Amazonas) in South America is the largest river by discharge volume of water in the world, and either the longest or second longest.

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American mountain deer

Odocoileus lucasi, historically incorrectly confused with Navahoceros fricki, and known as the American mountain deer, is an extinct species of North American deer.

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Amud Cave

Amud Cave is located in the Upper Galilee, in the Nahal Amud gorge.

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Anangula Island

Anangula Island (also called Ananiuliak Island; occasionally referred to as Kurityien Anaiuliak, Anaiuliak, Anayulyakh or Anangouliak) is a small island in the Fox Islands group of the Aleutian Islands of southwestern Alaska.

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Ancient Fishweir Project

Ancient Fishweir Project is a collaborative group that creates an annual public art installation on Boston Common.

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Ancient footprints of Acahualinca

The Ancient footprints of Acahualinca (Huellas de Acahualinca) exist in Managua, Nicaragua near the southern shore of Lake Managua.

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Ancylus Lake

Ancylus Lake is a name given by geologists to a large freshwater lake the existed in northern Europe approximately from 9500 to 8000 years Before Present (B.P.) being in effect one of various predecessors to the modern Baltic Sea.

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Angoumian

The Angoumian is a geological group restricted to the northern Aquitaine Basin in France.

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Ansel Hall Ruin

The Ansel Hall Ruin, also known as Cahone Ruin, is located in Cahone, Dolores County, Colorado.

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Antarctic Cold Reversal

The Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) was an important episode of cooling in the climate history of the Earth during the deglaciation at the close of the last ice age.

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Anthropocene

The Anthropocene is a proposed epoch dating from the commencement of significant human impact on the Earth's geology and ecosystems, including, but not limited to, anthropogenic climate change.

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Anzick-1

Anzick-1 is the name given to the remains of Paleo-Indian male infant found in western Montana, U.S. in 1968 that date to 12,707–12,556 years BP.

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Apalachee Bay

Apalachee Bay is a bay in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico occupying an indentation of the Florida coast to the west of where the Florida peninsula joins the United States mainland.

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Archaeoindris

Archaeoindris fontoynontii is an extinct giant lemur and the largest primate known to have evolved on Madagascar, comparable in size to a male gorilla.

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Archaeology of Israel

The archaeology of Israel is the study of the archaeology of the present-day Israel, stretching from prehistory through three millennia of documented history.

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Archaic human admixture with modern humans

There is evidence for interbreeding between archaic and modern humans during the Middle Paleolithic and early Upper Paleolithic.

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Archaic period (North America)

In the classification of the archaeological cultures of North America, the Archaic period or "Meso-Indian period" in North America, accepted to be from around 8000 to 1000 BC in the sequence of North American pre-Columbian cultural stages, is a period defined by the archaic stage of cultural development.

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Arene Candide

The Arene Candide, (Caverna delle Arene Candide, Cavern of the White sands) is an archaeological site in Finale Ligure, Liguria, Italy.

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Arikareean

The Arikareean North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 30,600,000 to 20,800,000 years BP, a period of.

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Ark clam

Ark clam is the common name for a family of small to large-sized saltwater clams or marine bivalve molluscs in the family Arcidae.

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Arlington Springs Man

The Arlington Springs man is a set of Late Pleistocene human remains discovered on Santa Rosa Island, one of the Channel Islands located off the coast of Southern California.

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Astronomical year numbering

Astronomical year numbering is based on AD/CE year numbering, but follows normal decimal integer numbering more strictly.

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Atapuerca Mountains

The Atapuerca Mountains (Sierra de Atapuerca) is a karstic hill formation near the village of Atapuerca in Castile and León, northern Spain.

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Atlit Yam

Atlit Yam is an ancient submerged Neolithic village off the coast of Atlit, Israel.

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Attalea (palm)

Attalea is a large genus of palms native to Mexico, the Caribbean, Central and South America.

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Attalea maripa

Attalea maripa, commonly called maripa palm is a palm native to tropical South America and Trinidad and Tobago.

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Aurignacian

The Aurignacian is an archaeological tradition of the Upper Palaeolithic associated with European early modern humans (EEMH).

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Avebury

Avebury is a Neolithic henge monument containing three stone circles, around the village of Avebury in Wiltshire, in southwest England.

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Avellino eruption

The Avellino eruption of Mount Vesuvius refers to a Plinian-type eruption that occurred in the 2nd millennium BC and is estimated to have had a VEI of 6.

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Axe

An axe (British English or ax (American English; see spelling differences) is an implement that has been used for millennia to shape, split and cut wood; to harvest timber; as a weapon; and as a ceremonial or heraldic symbol. The axe has many forms and specialised uses but generally consists of an axe head with a handle, or helve. Before the modern axe, the stone-age hand axe was used from 1.5 million years BP without a handle. It was later fastened to a wooden handle. The earliest examples of handled axes have heads of stone with some form of wooden handle attached (hafted) in a method to suit the available materials and use. Axes made of copper, bronze, iron and steel appeared as these technologies developed. Axes are usually composed of a head and a handle. The axe is an example of a simple machine, as it is a type of wedge, or dual inclined plane. This reduces the effort needed by the wood chopper. It splits the wood into two parts by the pressure concentration at the blade. The handle of the axe also acts as a lever allowing the user to increase the force at the cutting edge—not using the full length of the handle is known as choking the axe. For fine chopping using a side axe this sometimes is a positive effect, but for felling with a double bitted axe it reduces efficiency. Generally, cutting axes have a shallow wedge angle, whereas splitting axes have a deeper angle. Most axes are double bevelled, i.e. symmetrical about the axis of the blade, but some specialist broadaxes have a single bevel blade, and usually an offset handle that allows them to be used for finishing work without putting the user's knuckles at risk of injury. Less common today, they were once an integral part of a joiner and carpenter's tool kit, not just a tool for use in forestry. A tool of similar origin is the billhook. However, in France and Holland, the billhook often replaced the axe as a joiner's bench tool. Most modern axes have steel heads and wooden handles, typically hickory in the US and ash in Europe and Asia, although plastic or fibreglass handles are also common. Modern axes are specialised by use, size and form. Hafted axes with short handles designed for use with one hand are often called hand axes but the term hand axe refers to axes without handles as well. Hatchets tend to be small hafted axes often with a hammer on the back side (the poll). As easy-to-make weapons, axes have frequently been used in combat.

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Øresund

Øresund or Öresund (Øresund,; Öresund), commonly known in English as the Sound, is a strait which forms the Danish–Swedish border, separating Zealand (Denmark) from Scania (Sweden).

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Bacatá

Bacatá is the name given to the main settlement of the Muisca Confederation on the Bogotá savanna.

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Baker Cave

Baker Cave is a prehistoric archaeological site located on a small canyon near Devils River in Southwest Texas.

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Balangoda Man

Balangoda Man (Homo sapiens balangodensis) refers to hominins from Sri Lanka's late Quaternary period.

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Baltic Ice Lake

The Baltic Ice Lake is a name given by geologists to a freshwater lake that gradually formed in the Baltic Sea basin as glaciation retreated from that region at the end of the Pleistocene.

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Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Poland, Germany and the North and Central European Plain.

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Baltic Sea hypoxia

Baltic Sea hypoxia refers to low levels of oxygen in bottom waters, also known as hypoxia, occurring regularly in the Baltic Sea.

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Bandelier National Monument

Bandelier National Monument is a United States National Monument near Los Alamos in Sandoval and Los Alamos Counties, New Mexico.

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Bandung

Bandung (Sundanese:, Bandung, formerly Dutch: Bandoeng), is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia and Greater Bandung made up of 2 municipalities and 38 districts, making it Indonesia's 2nd largest metropolitan area with over 8.5 millions inhabitants listed in the 2015 Badan Pusat Statistik data.

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Banff National Park

Banff National Park is Canada's oldest national park and was established in 1885.

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Banpo

Banpo (Bànpō) is an archaeological site discovered in 1953 and located in the Yellow River Valley just east of Xi'an, China.

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Barisan Mountains

The Bukit Barisan or the Barisan Mountains are a mountain range on the western side of Sumatra, Indonesia, covering nearly 1,700 km (1,050 mi) from the north to the south of the island.

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Barry Island

Barry Island (Ynys y Barri) is a district, peninsula and seaside resort, forming part of the town of Barry in the Vale of Glamorgan, South Wales.

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Barstovian

The Barstovian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 16,300,000 to 13,600,000 years BP, a period of.

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Bass Strait

Bass Strait is a sea strait separating Tasmania from the Australian mainland, specifically the state of Victoria.

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Bayuda volcanic field

Bayuda volcanic field (also spelled Bayiuda) is a volcanic field in Sudan, within the Bayuda Desert.

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Bølling oscillation

The Bølling oscillation, also Bølling interstadial, was a cool temperate climatic interstadial between the glacial Oldest Dryas and Older Dryas stadials, between 14,700 and 14,100 BP, near to the end of the last glacial period.

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Bølling-Allerød warming

The Bølling-Allerød interstadial was an abrupt warm and moist interstadial period that occurred during the final stages of the last glacial period.

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Beaver Lake Cree Nation

The Beaver Lake Cree Nation is a First Nations band government located northeast of Edmonton, Alberta, representing people of the Cree ethno-linguistic group in the area around Lac La Biche, Alberta, which is the location of their band office.

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Before

Before is the opposite of after.

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Bengal tiger

The Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) is the most numerous tiger subspecies in Asia, and was estimated at fewer than 2,500 individuals by 2011.

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Berijam Lake

Berijam Lake is a reservoir near Kodaikanal town in Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu, South India.

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Beringia

Beringia is defined today as the land and maritime area bounded on the west by the Lena River in Russia; on the east by the Mackenzie River in Canada; on the north by 72 degrees north latitude in the Chukchi Sea; and on the south by the tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula.

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Beringian wolf

The Beringian wolf is an extinct type of wolf (Canis lupus) that lived during the Ice Age.

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Bezoar ibex

The bezoar ibex (Capra aegagrus aegagrus), also known as the Anatolian bezoar ibex, Persian ibex or dağ keçisi by Anatolian locals, is a vulnerable subspecies of wild goat native to Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Iran, Russia and Turkey.

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Big Eddy Site

The Big Eddy Site (23CE426) is an archaeological site located in Cedar County, Missouri, which was first excavated in 1997 and is now threatened due to erosion by the Sac River.

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Big Oak-Little Oak Islands

Big Oak-Little Oak Islands is located along an old shoreline of Lake Pontchartrain in or near the Bayou Sauvage National Wildlife Refuge within the city limits of New Orleans, Louisiana.

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Billion years

A billion years (109 years) is a unit of time on the petasecond scale, more precisely equal to seconds.

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Bison Licking Insect Bite

Bison Licking Insect Bite is a prehistoric carving from the Upper Paleolithic, found at Abri de la Madeleine near Tursac in Dordogne, France, the type-site of the Magdalenian culture, which produced many fine small carvings in antler or bone.

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Black Rock, New Mexico

Black Rock (Tsézhįįh Deezlį́) is an unincorporated community and a census-designated place (CDP) in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States.

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Blancan

The Blancan North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 4,750,000 to 1,806,000 years BP, a period of.

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Blombos Cave

Blombos Cave is an archaeological site located in Blombosfontein Nature Reserve, about 300 km east of Cape Town on the Southern Cape coastline, South Africa.

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Bluefish Caves

Bluefish Caves is an archaeological site in Yukon, Canada, located southwest of the Vuntut Gwichin community of Old Crow, from which a specimen of allegedly human-worked mammoth bone has been radiocarbon dated to 28,000 years before present (BP), earlier than the generally accepted age for habitation of the New World.

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Blytt–Sernander system

The Blytt-Sernander classification, or sequence, is a series of north European climatic periods or phases based on the study of Danish peat bogs by Axel Blytt (1876) and Rutger Sernander (1908).

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Bogotá

Bogotá, officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca.

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Bojacá

Bojacá is a municipality and town of the Western Savanna Province, Colombia in the department of Cundinamarca.

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Bond event

Bond events are North Atlantic ice rafting events that are tentatively linked to climate fluctuations in the Holocene.

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Boomplaas Cave

Boomplaas Cave is located in the Cango Valley in the foothills of the Swartberg mountain range, north of Oudtshoorn, Eden District Municipality in the Western Cape Province, South Africa.

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Boreal (age)

In paleoclimatology of the Holocene, the Boreal was the first of the Blytt-Sernander sequence of north European climatic phases that were originally based on the study of Danish peat bogs, named for Axel Blytt and Rutger Sernander, who first established the sequence.

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Bouldnor Formation

The Bouldnor Formation is a geological formation in the Hampshire Basin of southern England.

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Bounty Seamount

Bounty Seamount is a seamount in the Pacific Ocean, which reaches a depth of or.

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Box Gully archaeological site

The Box Gully archaeological site is an Aboriginal archaeological site on the shore of saline Lake Tyrrell, in the Mallee region of northern Victoria, Australia.

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Boylston Street Fishweir

In archeological literature, the name Boylston Street Fishweir refers to ancient fishing structures first discovered in 1913, buried below Boylston Street in Boston, Massachusetts.

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BP (disambiguation)

BP (formerly British Petroleum) is a British oil company, since expanded into an energy company.

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Bracelet

A bracelet is an article of jewellery that is worn around the wrist.

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Bradshaw rock paintings

Bradshaw rock paintings, Bradshaw rock art, Bradshaw figures or The Bradshaws, are terms used to describe one of the two major regional traditions of rock art found in the north-west Kimberley region of Western Australia.

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Branchinecta gaini

Branchinecta gaini is a species of fairy shrimp from Antarctica and Patagonia.

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Bridgerian North American Stage

The Bridgerian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 50,300,000 to 46,200,000 years BP lasting.

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Brillenhöhle

The Brillenhöhle (Brillenhöhle, literally spectacles cave) is a cave ruin, located west of Ulm on the Swabian Alb in south-western Germany, where archaeological excavations have documented human habitation since as early as 30,000 years ago.

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Broad spectrum revolution

The broad spectrum revolution (BSR) hypothesis, proposed by Kent Flannery in a 1968 paper presented to a London University symposium, suggested that the emergence of the Neolithic in southwest Asia was prefaced by increases in dietary breadth among foraging societies.

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Buena Vista, Peru

Buena Vista is an 8 hectare (20 acre) archaeological site located in Peru about 25 miles inland in the Chillon River Valley and an hour's drive north of Lima, the capital.

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Bullitt County, Kentucky

Bullitt County is a county in the U.S. state of Kentucky located in the far western Bluegrass region known as the Knobs.

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Bya

bya or b.y.a. is an abbreviation for "billion years ago".

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Cachipay, Cundinamarca

Cachipay is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Tequendama Province, part of the department of Cundinamarca.

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Cactus Hill

Cactus Hill is an archaeological site in southeastern Virginia, United States located on sand dunes above the Nottoway River about 45 miles south of Richmond.

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Caerau Hillfort

Caerau Hillfort (Bryngaer Caerau) is a large triangular multivallate Iron Age hillfort, built on a previously occupied Neolithic site, occupying the western tip of an extensive ridge-top plateau in the western suburbs of Caerau and Ely, Cardiff, Wales.

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Calanque de Morgiou

The Calanque de Morgiou is one of the biggest calanques located between Marseille and Cassis.

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Calendar era

A calendar era is the year numbering system used by a calendar.

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Calibration of radiocarbon dates

Radiocarbon dating measurements produce ages in "radiocarbon years", which must be converted to calendar ages by a process called calibration.

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Calico Early Man Site

The Calico Early Man Site is an archaeological site in an ancient Pleistocene lake located near Barstow in San Bernardino County in the central Mojave Desert of southern California.

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Campanian Ignimbrite eruption

The Campanian Ignimbrite eruption (CI, also CI Super-eruption) was a major volcanic eruption in the Mediterranean during the late Quaternary, classified at 7 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI).

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Cancosa paleolake

The paleolake of Cancosa is a former lake at Cancosa, Chile.

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Canfield Island Site

The Canfield Island Site, also known as Archeological Site 36LY37, is an archaeological site in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Canis

Canis is a genus of the Canidae containing multiple extant species, such as wolves, coyotes, jackals, dingoes, and dogs.

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Canis lepophagus

Canis lepophagus (Latin: canis: 'dog', leporem: 'hare' or 'rabbit', suffix -phagus: '-eating'; hence hare-eating dog) is an extinct species of canid which was endemic to much of North America.

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Canis mosbachensis

Canis mosbachensis, sometimes known as the Mosbach wolf, is an extinct small wolf that once inhabited Eurasia from the Middle Pleistocene era to the Late Pleistocene.

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Cannabis in Egypt

Cannabis in Egypt is illegal, but its use is a part of the common culture in the country for many people.

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Cape du Couedic

Cape du Couedic is a gazetted locality located on the south west tip of Kangaroo Island in South Australia.

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Carbajal Valley

The Carbajal Valley (Valle Carbajal) is located in the Fuegian Andes of southern Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina.

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Carl Henrik Langebaek

Carl Henrik Langebaek Rueda (Bogotá, 1961) is a Colombian anthropologist, archaeologist and historian.

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Carmarthenshire

Carmarthenshire (Sir Gaerfyrddin; or informally Sir Gâr) is a unitary authority in the southwest of Wales and is the largest of the thirteen historic counties of Wales.

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Carrington Moss

Carrington Moss is a large area of peat bog near Carrington in Greater Manchester, England.

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Cascade Volcanoes

The Cascade Volcanoes (also known as the Cascade Volcanic Arc or the Cascade Arc) are a number of volcanoes in a volcanic arc in western North America, extending from southwestern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California, a distance of well over.

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Cassava

Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava, manioc, yuca, mandioca and Brazilian arrowroot, is a woody shrub native to South America of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.

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Castle Down

Castle Down is a windswept plateau of maritime heath in the northern part of the island of Tresco, Isles of Scilly.

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Ceramics of indigenous peoples of the Americas

Native American pottery is an art form with at least a 7500-year history in the Americas.

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Chadronian

The Chadronian age within the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology is the North American faunal stage typically set from 38,000,000 to 33,900,000 years BP, a period of.

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Chan Hol

Chan Hol, part of the Toh ha cave system, is a cenote and submerged cave system in Quintana Roo, Mexico, of interest to paleoanthropologists.

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Chan-Chan

Chan-Chan is an archaeological site and beach on the coast of the commune of Mehuín in southern Chile.

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Channel Islands National Park

Channel Islands National Park is an American national park that consists of five of the eight Channel Islands off the coast of the U.S. state of California, in the Pacific Ocean.

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Chauvet Cave

The Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc Cave in the Ardèche department of southern France is a cave that contains some of the best-preserved figurative cave paintings in the world, as well as other evidence of Upper Paleolithic life.

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Checua

Checua is a preceramic open area archaeological site in Nemocón, Cundinamarca, Colombia.

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Cheddar Man

Cheddar Man is a human male fossil found in Gough's Cave in Cheddar Gorge, Somerset, England.

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Chertovy Vorota Cave

Chertovy Vorota Cave is a Neolithic archaeological site located in the Sikhote-Alin mountains, about from the town of Dalnegorsk in Primorsky Krai, Russia.

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Chilika Lake

Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon, spread over the Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts of Odisha state on the east coast of India, at the mouth of the Daya River, flowing into the Bay of Bengal, covering an area of over 1,100 km2.

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Chimalhuacán (archaeological site)

Chimalhuacán (Spanish) is an archeological site located in the city and municipality of Chimalhuacán Atenco in the eastern part of Mexico State, Mexico.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Chinchorro culture

The Chinchorro culture of South America was a preceramic culture that lasted from 9,000 to 3,500 years BP (7,000 to 1,500 BC).

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Chiquihuitillos

Chiquihuitillos is an archeological site located in the city and municipality of Mina in the Nuevo León State, México.

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Chixoy-Polochic Fault

The Chixoy-Polochic Fault, also known as Cuilco-Chixoy-Polochic Fault, is a major fault zone in Guatemala and southwestern Mexico.

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Chogha Golan

Chogha Golan is an aceramic Neolithic archaeological site in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains in Iran, about from the right bank of the Konjan Cham River.

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Cima volcanic field

Cima volcanic field is a volcanic field in San Bernardino County, California, close to the border with Nevada.

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Ciomadul

Ciomadul is a volcano in Romania, and is known as Csomád in Hungarian.

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Clarendonian

The Clarendonian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 13,600,000 to 10,300,000 years BP, a period of.

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Clarkforkian

The Clarkforkian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 56,800,000 to 55,400,000 years BP lasting.

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Clegyr Boia

Clegyr Boia, or Clegyr Fwya, is a prehistoric site on the St David's peninsula, Pembrokeshire, Wales, the summit of a long-extinct volcano, above the surrounding area.

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Clothing

Clothing (also known as clothes and attire) is a collective term for garments, items worn on the body.

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Clovis culture

The Clovis culture is a prehistoric Paleo-Indian culture, named for distinct stone tools found in close association with Pleistocene fauna at Blackwater Locality No. 1 near Clovis, New Mexico, in the 1920s and 1930s.

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Clovis point

Clovis points are the characteristically-fluted projectile points associated with the New World Clovis culture.

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Coal seam fire

A coal-seam fire refers to natural burning of an outcrop or underground coal seam.

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Cody Scarp

The Cody Scarp or Cody Escarpment is located in north and north central Florida United States.

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Coggalbeg hoard

The Coggalbeg hoard is an Early Bronze Age hoard of goldwork jewellery dating to 4300–4000 BP.

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Colne Estuary

Colne Estuary is a 2915 hectare biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest near Brightlingsea in Essex.

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Colombian art

Colombian art has 3500 years of history and covers a wide range of media and styles ranging from Spanish Baroque devotional painting to Quimbaya gold craftwork to the "lyrical americanism" of painter Alejandro Obregón (1920–1992).

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Combe Grenal

Combe Grenal, also known as Combe-Grenal, is an archeological site consisting of a collapsed cave and a slope deposit near Domme, Dordogne in Dordogne, France.

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Common Era

Common Era or Current Era (CE) is one of the notation systems for the world's most widely used calendar era – an alternative to the Dionysian AD and BC system.

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Congo River

The Congo River (also spelled Kongo River and known as the Zaire River) is the second longest river in Africa after the Nile and the second largest river in the world by discharge volume of water (after the Amazon), and the world's deepest river with measured depths in excess of.

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Control of fire by early humans

The control of fire by early humans was a turning point in the cultural aspect of human evolution.

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Coropuna

Coropuna is a dormant volcano in the southern Peruvian Andes and belonging to the Central Volcanic Zone; its summit reaches an altitude of above sea level.

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Corregidor Caldera

Corregidor is an extinct volcanic caldera located at the entrance to Manila Bay in the Republic of the Philippines.

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Cosmic Calendar

The Cosmic Calendar is a method to visualize the chronology of the universe, scaling its current age of 13.8 billion years to a single year in order to help intuit it for pedagogical purposes in science education or popular science.

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Cosquer Cave

The Cosquer cave is located in the Calanque de Morgiou in Marseille, France, near Cap Morgiou.

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Cro-Magnon rock shelter

Cro-Magnon (Abri de Cro-Magnon)French abri means "rock shelter", crô means "hole" in Occitan (standard French creux and Magnon is the surname of the land owner at the time. is the name of an Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) site, located in a rock shelter at Les Eyzies, a hamlet in the commune of Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil, Dordogne, southwestern France. Abri de Cro-Magnon is part of the UNESCO World Heritage of the Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley. Most notably, it is the site of the discovery of anatomically modern human remains, apparently buried at the site, dated to about 28,000 years ago.Cro-Magnon 1: 27,680 ± 270 BP.

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Croft-Y-Bwla

is a country house and farm north-west of Monmouth, south-east Wales.

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Crook Peak to Shute Shelve Hill

Crook Peak to Shute Shelve Hill is a 332.2 hectare (820.9 acre) geological and biological Site of Special Scientific Interest near the western end of the Mendip Hills, Somerset.

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Croscat

The Croscat is a volcano in the comarca of Garrotxa, Catalonia, Spain.

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Cuba

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos.

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Cucurbita

Cucurbita (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous vines in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae, also known as cucurbits, native to the Andes and Mesoamerica.

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Cueva Ahumada

Cueva Ahumada is an archaeological site located within several canyons in the La Rinconada village, García Municipality, in the Nuevo León state, México.

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Cueva de las Manos

Cueva de las Manos (Spanish for Cave of Hands) is a cave or a series of caves located in the province of Santa Cruz, Argentina, 163 km (101 mi) south of the town of Perito Moreno.

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Culture of Asia

The culture of Asia encompasses the collective and diverse customs and traditions of art, architecture, music, literature, lifestyle, philosophy, politics and religion that have been practiced and maintained by the numerous ethnic groups of the continent of Asia since prehistory.

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Curanto

Curanto is a traditional food of Chiloé Archipelago that has spread to the southern areas of Chile and Argentina, whose remains dated back about 11,525 ± 90 uncalibrated years before present.

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Cutler Fossil Site

The Cutler Fossil Site (8DA2001) is a sinkhole near Biscayne Bay in Palmetto Bay, Florida, which is south of Miami.

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Cuvieronius

Cuvieronius is an extinct New World genus of gomphothere and is named after the French naturalist Georges Cuvier. Alive, specimens stood, on average, about tall at the shoulder, weighed about and would have superficially resembled modern elephants with spiral-shaped tusks.

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Dalmatian pelican

The Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus) is the most massive member of the pelican family, and perhaps the world's largest freshwater bird, although rivaled in weight and length by the largest swans.

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Darra-e Kur

Darra-e Kūr or Bābā Darwīsh, is an archaeological site in Badakhshan province in Afghanistan.

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Dawkins vs. Gould

Dawkins vs.

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Deer Cave (Otranto)

The Deer Cave (Grotta dei Cervi - literally: Grotto of the stags) is a natural cave at the Salento coast near the town of Porto Badisco, around south of Otranto in Apulia, Italy.

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Deinotherium

Deinotherium ("terrible beast" derived from the Ancient Greek δεινός, meaning "terrible" and θηρίον, meaning "beast") was a large prehistoric relative of modern-day elephants that appeared in the Middle Miocene and survived until the Early Pleistocene.

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Deltaterrasserne

Deltaterrasserne ("Delta Terraces") is a pre-Inuit occupation archaeological site located near the head of Jørgen Brønlund Fjord on the Peary Land peninsula in northern Greenland.

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Dendrochronology

Dendrochronology (or tree-ring dating) is the scientific method of dating tree rings (also called growth rings) to the exact year they were formed in order to analyze atmospheric conditions during different periods in history.

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Denisova Cave

Denisova Cave (Дени́сова Пеще́ра, Аю-Таш.

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Denisovan

The Denisovans or Denisova hominins) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus Homo.

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Dennis Jenkins

Dennis L. Jenkins is a research archaeologist, field school supervisor for the Oregon State Museum of Anthropology/Museum of Natural and Cultural History at the University of Oregon, and director of the university's Northern Great Basin Field School.

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Deriba (caldera)

Deriba is a Pleistocene or Holocene caldera in Darfur, Sudan.

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Dhambalin

Dhambalin ("half, vertically cut mountain") is an archaeological site in the northwestern Togdheer province of Somaliland.

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Dhosi Hill

Dhosi Hill is an extinct volcano, standing alone in the North-West end of the Aravali mountain range with height varying from about 345 to 470 meters from the surrounding land and 1170 meters from the sea level; has temple, pond, fort and caves on the top and forest around it.

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Diane Gifford-Gonzalez

Diane Gifford-Gonzalez is an American archaeologist who specializes in the field of zooarchaeology.

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Didunculus

The tooth-billed pigeons are the only genus (Didunculus) of the subfamily Didunculinae, in the pigeon and dove family, (Columbidae).

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Dingo

The dingo (Canis familiaris or Canis familiaris dingo or Canis lupus dingo or Canis dingo) is a type of feral dog native to Australia.

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Dingo (taxon)

The taxon dingo refers to the native dog found in Australia but may at times also refer to some similar dogs native to peninsular and island southeast Asia and neighboring regions, such as the New Guinea singing dog.

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Dire wolf

The dire wolf (Canis dirus, "fearsome dog") is an extinct species of the genus Canis.

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Divje Babe Flute

The Divje Babe Flute is a cave bear femur pierced by spaced holes that was found in 1995 at the Divje Babe archeological park located near Cerkno in northwestern Slovenia.

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Djab wurrung

The Djab wurrung, also Tjapwurrung, people are Indigenous Australians who occupy the volcanic plains of central Victoria from the Mount William Range of Gariwerd in the west to the Pyrenees range in the east encompassing the Wimmera River flowing north and the headwaters of the Hopkins River flowing south.

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Dog

The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris when considered a subspecies of the gray wolf or Canis familiaris when considered a distinct species) is a member of the genus Canis (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.

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Domebo Canyon, Oklahoma

Domebo Canyon, Oklahoma is a Paleo-Indian archaeological site: the site of a mammoth kill in the prairie of southwestern Oklahoma.

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Domestication

Domestication is a sustained multi-generational relationship in which one group of organisms assumes a significant degree of influence over the reproduction and care of another group to secure a more predictable supply of resources from that second group.

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Domestication of animals

The domestication of animals is the mutual relationship between animals and the humans who have influence on their care and reproduction.

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Dominion Land Company Site

The Dominion Land Company Site (33FR12), also known as the Fort Reserve earthwork, was an Early Adena Culture earthwork located in the Clintonville neighborhood in the city of Columbus, Ohio.

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Don River (Ontario)

The Don River is a watercourse in southern Ontario, that empties into Lake Ontario, at Toronto Harbour.

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Donji Humac

Donji Humac is one of the oldest settlements on the Croatian island of Brač, located on an inland hill.

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Dragon Cone

Dragon Cone is a monogenetic cinder cone located in Wells Gray Provincial Park in east-central British Columbia.

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Drużno

Drużno (Jezioro Druzno; Drausensee, Drūsuo) is a body of water historically considered a lake in northern Poland on the east side of the Vistula delta, near the city of Elbląg.

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Dubh Artach

Dubh Artach is a remote skerry of basalt rock off the west coast of Scotland lying west of Colonsay and south-west of the Ross of Mull.

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Duchesnean

The Duchesnean North American Stage on the geologic timescale is a North American Land Mammal Age (NALMA), with an age from 42 to 38 million years BP, representing.

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Dudley Peninsula

Dudley Peninsula (known as Presquila Gallissoniere and as the MacDonnell Peninsula from 1857 to 1986) is the peninsula forming the eastern end of Kangaroo Island in the Australian state of South Australia.

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Dusicyon avus

Dusicyon avus is an extinct species in the genus Dusicyon.

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Duvensee paddle

The Duvensee paddle is the preserved part of a Mesolithic spade paddle, which was found during archaeological excavations of a Mesolithic dwelling area at Duvensee near Klinkrade (Herzogtum Lauenburg) Schleswig-Holstein, Germany in 1926.

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Dye

A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied.

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Early anthropocene

The Early Anthropocene Hypothesis (sometimes called Early Anthropogenic) was proposed by William Ruddiman.

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Early human migrations

The earliest migrations and expansions of archaic and modern humans across continents began 2 million years ago with the out of Africa migration of Homo erectus, followed by other archaic humans including H. heidelbergensis.

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Early Lake Erie

Early Lake Erie was a prehistoric proglacial lake that existed at the end of the last ice age approximately 13,000 years ago.

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Early Paleo-Eskimo

The Early Paleoeskimo is one of three distinct periods of human occupation recognized by archaeologists in the eastern North American Arctic, the others being the Late Paleoeskimo and the Thule.

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East Wenatchee Clovis Site

The East Wenatchee Clovis Site (also called the Richey-Roberts Clovis Site or the Richey Clovis Cache) is a deposit of prehistoric Clovis points and other implements, dating to roughly 11,000 radiocarbon years before present or about 13,000 calendar years before present, found near the city of East Wenatchee, Washington in 1987.

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Eastern Hills, Bogotá

The Eastern Hills (Spanish: Cerros Orientales) are a chain of hills forming the eastern natural boundary of the Colombian capital Bogotá.

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Economic history of China before 1912

The economic history of China covers thousands of years and the region has undergone alternating cycles of prosperity and decline.

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Eemian Sea

The Eemian Sea was a body of water located approximately where the Baltic Sea is now during the last interglacial, or Eemian Stage, Marine isotopic stage (MIS) 5e, roughly 130,000 to 115,000 years BP.

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Effects of climate change on terrestrial animals

Climate change has had a significant direct effect on terrestrial animals, by being a major driver of the processes of speciation and extinction.

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El Abra

El Abra is the name given to an extensive archeological site, located in the valley of the same name.

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El Infiernito

El Infiernito (Spanish for "The Little Hell"), is a pre-Columbian archaeoastronomical site located on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the outskirts of Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia.

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El Paraíso, Peru

El Paraíso (IPA:, "ell pah-rah-EE-so") is the modern name of a Late Preceramic (3500-1800 BC) archaeological site located in the Chillón Valley on the central coast of Peru.

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Elephant bird

Elephant birds are members of the extinct family Aepyornithidae.

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Elmenteitan

The Elmenteitan culture was a prehistoric lithic industry and pottery tradition with a distinct pattern of land use, hunting and pastoralism that appeared and developed on the western plains of Kenya, East Africa during the Pastoral Neolithic c.3300-1200 BP.

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Emi Koussi

Emi Koussi (also known as Emi Koussou) is a high pyroclastic shield volcano that lies at the southeast end of the Tibesti Mountains in the central Sahara of the northern Borkou Region of northern Chad.

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Entheogen

An entheogen is a class of psychoactive substances that induce any type of spiritual experience aimed at development.

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Epidemiology of plague

Globally about 600 cases are reported a year.

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Epigravettian

The Epigravettian (Greek: epi "above, on top of", and Gravettian) was one of the last archaeological industries of the European Upper Paleolithic.

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Epipalaeolithic

In archaeology, the Epipalaeolithic, Epipaleolithic (sometimes Epi-paleolithic etc) is a term for a period intervening between the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic in the Stone Age.

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Epipalaeolithic Near East

In the prehistory of the Near East, the Epipalaeolithic ("Final Old Stone Age") is the period after the Upper Palaeolithic and before the Neolithic, between approximately 20,000 and 10,000 years Before Present (BP).

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Epoch (reference date)

In the fields of chronology and periodization, an epoch is an instant in time chosen as the origin of a particular era.

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Erfoud manuport

The Erfoud manuport is a prehistoric manuport in the form of a fossilized fragment of a cuttlefish.

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Eucyon

Eucyon (Greek: Eu: good, true; cyon: dog) is an extinct genus of small omnivorous coyote-like canid that first appeared in North America during the Miocene, living from 10.3—3.6 Ma and existed for approximately.

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European bison

The European bison (Bison bonasus), also known as wisent or the European wood bison, is a Eurasian species of bison.

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Evolution of morality

The evolution of morality refers to the emergence of human moral behavior over the course of human evolution.

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Evolution of the wolf

The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to Canis lupus into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.

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Evolutionary origin of religions

The emergence of religious behavior by the Neolithic period has been discussed in terms of evolutionary psychology, the origin of language and mythology, cross-cultural comparison of the anthropology of religion, as well as evidence for spirituality or cultic behavior in the Upper Paleolithic, and similarities in great ape behavior.

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Expansion of the universe

The expansion of the universe is the increase of the distance between two distant parts of the universe with time.

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Falcated duck

The falcated duck or falcated teal (Mareca falcata) is a gadwall-sized dabbling duck.

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Fig Island

Fig Island, also known as 38CH42, is an archaeological site on the Atlantic Coast of South Carolina, consisting of three shell rings.

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Fiona Marshall

Fiona Marshall is an archaeologist at Washington University in St.

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Fish processing

The term fish processing refers to the processes associated with fish and fish products between the time fish are caught or harvested, and the time the final product is delivered to the customer.

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Fitzroya

Fitzroya is a monotypic genus in the cypress family.

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Flannan Isles

The Flannan Isles (Na h-Eileanan Flannach) or alternatively, the Seven Hunters are a small island group in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, approximately west of the Isle of Lewis.

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Flood myth

A flood myth or deluge myth is a narrative in which a great flood, usually sent by a deity or deities, destroys civilization, often in an act of divine retribution.

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Flora of Madagascar

The flora of Madagascar consists of more than 12,000 species of vascular and non-vascular plants and a lesser known number of fungi.

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Flowering plant

The flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 416 families, approximately 13,164 known genera and c. 295,383 known species.

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Fort Rock-Christmas Lake Valley Basin

The Fort Rock-Christmas Lake Valley Basin is the basin of a former inland sea that existed in that region from Pliocene through late Pleistocene time.

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Foxtail millet

Foxtail millet (botanic name Setaria italica, synonym Panicum italicum L.) is an annual grass grown for human food.

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Gault (archaeological site)

The Gault archaeological site is an extensive, multicomponent site located in central Texas, United States, about 40 miles north of Austin.

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Genetic history of Europe

The genetic history of Europe since the Upper Paleolithic is inseparable from that of wider Western Eurasia.

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Genyornis

Genyornis newtoni was a large, flightless bird that lived in Australia.

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Geography of Finland

The geography of Finland is characterized by its northern position, its ubiquitous landscapes of intermingled boreal forests and lakes and its low population density.

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Geography of Lithuania

Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, most populous of the Baltic states, Lithuania has of coastline consisting of the continental coast and the "Curonian Spit" coast.

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Geologic time scale

The geologic time scale (GTS) is a system of chronological dating that relates geological strata (stratigraphy) to time.

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Geology of Finland

The geology of Finland is made up of a mix of geologically very young and very old materials.

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Geology of the Pacific Northwest

The geology of the Pacific Northwest includes the composition (including rock, minerals, and soils), structure, physical properties and the processes that shape the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and Canada.

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George Simon (artist and archaeologist)

George Simon (born 23 April 1947) is a Lokono Arawak artist and archaeologist from Guyana.

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Geringian

The Geringian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 30,800,000 to 26,300,000 years BP, a period of.

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Giant pika

Giant pika, Wharton's pika (Ochotona whartoni) is an extinct Pleistocene and early Holocene species of mammal in the family Ochotonidae, distributed in the northern parts of North America (Alaska, USA and Canada).

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Glacial period

A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances.

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Glacial River Warren

Glacial River Warren or River Warren was a prehistoric river that drained Lake Agassiz in central North America between 11,700 and 9,400 years ago.

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Glacier Bay Basin

Glacier Bay Basin in southeastern Alaska, in the United States, encompasses the Glacier Bay and surrounding mountains and glaciers, which was first proclaimed a U.S. National Monument on February 25, 1925, and which was later, on December 2, 1980, enlarged and designated as the Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve under the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, covering an area of 3,283,000 acres (1,329,000 ha).

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Glamorgan

Glamorgan, or sometimes Glamorganshire, (Morgannwg or Sir Forgannwg) is one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales and a former administrative county of Wales.

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Glossary of archaeology

This page is a glossary of archaeology, the study of the human past from material remains.

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Glossary of climate change

This article serves as a glossary of climate change terms.

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Glyptemys

Glyptemys is a genus of turtles in the family Emydidae.

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Goat

The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.

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Goldcrest

The goldcrest (Regulus regulus) is a very small passerine bird in the kinglet family.

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Golondrina point

Golondrina points (formerly Plainview Golondrina) are lanceolate spear or dart projectile points, of medium size, dated to the transitional Paleo-Indian Period, between 9000–7000 BP.

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Gomphothere

Gomphotheres are any members of the diverse, extinct taxonomic family Gomphotheriidae.

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Gower Peninsula

Gower (Gŵyr) or the Gower Peninsula (Penrhyn Gŵyr) is in South Wales.

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Gravettian

The Gravettian was an archaeological industry of the European Upper Paleolithic that succeeded the Aurignacian circa 33,000 years BP..

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Gray wolf

The gray wolf (Canis lupus), also known as the timber wolf,Paquet, P. & Carbyn, L. W. (2003).

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GRB 080319B

GRB 080319B was a gamma-ray burst (GRB) detected by the Swift satellite at 06:12 UTC on March 19, 2008.

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Great Basin

The Great Basin is the largest area of contiguous endorheic watersheds in North America.

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Great Belt

The Great Belt (Storebælt) is a strait between the major islands of Zealand (Sjælland) and Funen (Fyn) in Denmark.

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Guilá Naquitz Cave

Guilá Naquitz Cave in Oaxaca, Mexico is the site of early domestication of several food crops, including teosinte (an ancestor of maize), squash from the genus Cucurbita, bottle gourds (Lagenaria siceraria), and beans.

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Hamelin Pool Marine Nature Reserve

The Hamelin Pool Marine Nature Reserve is a protected marine nature reserve located in the UNESCO World Heritagelisted Shark Bay in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia.

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Hand axe

A hand axe (or handaxe) is a prehistoric stone tool with two faces that is the longest-used tool in human history.

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Hans Tausen Iskappe

Hans Tausen Iskappe is an ice cap in northern Greenland.

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Haplogroup

A haplotype is a group of genes in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent, and a haplogroup (haploid from the ἁπλούς, haploûs, "onefold, simple" and group) is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor with a single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation.

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Haplogroup A (mtDNA)

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup A is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

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Haplogroup A-P305

Haplogroup A-P305 also known as A1 is a Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

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Haplogroup G-M201

Haplogroup G (M201) is a human Y-chromosome haplogroup.

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Haplogroup I (mtDNA)

Haplogroup I is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

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Haplogroup I-M170

Haplogroup I (M170) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

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Haplogroup I-M253

Haplogroup I-M253, also known as I1, is a Y chromosome haplogroup.

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Haplogroup I-M438

Haplogroup I-M438, also known as I2 (and until 2007 as I1b), is a human DNA Y-chromosome haplogroup, a subclade of Haplogroup I-M170.

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Haplogroup IJ

Haplogroup IJ (M429/P125) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, an immediate descendant of Haplogroup IJK (formerly known as Haplogroup F-L15).

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Haplogroup K (mtDNA)

Haplogroup K is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

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Haplogroup K2

Haplogroup K2, also known as K-M526 and formerly known as K(xLT) and MNOPS, is a human Y-DNA Haplogroup.

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Haplogroup K2a (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup K2a (M2308, Z4842) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

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Haplogroup L-M20

Haplogroup L-M20 is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, which is defined by SNPs M11, M20, M61 and M185.

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Haplogroup N1a (mtDNA)

Haplogroup N1a is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

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Haplogroup NO

· Haplogroup NO (M214/Page39; F176/M2314; CTS5858/M2325/F346; CTS11572), also known as NO-M214 and NO1, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

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Haplogroup O-M175

Haplogroup O, also known as O-M175, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

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Haplogroup P (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup P also known as P-P295 and K2b2 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup in human genetics.

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Haplogroup R (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup R or R-M207, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

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Haplogroup R1b

Haplogroup R1b (R-M343), also known as Hg1 and Eu18, is a human Y-chromosome haplogroup.

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Haplogroup R2

Haplogroup R2, or R-M479, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup characterized by genetic marker M479.

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Haplogroup T-M184

Haplogroup T-M184, also known as Haplogroup T is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

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Haplogroup X (mtDNA)

Haplogroup X is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

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Harbor Hill Moraine

The Harbor Hill Moraine, in the geography of Long Island, forms the northern of two ridges along the "backbone" of Long Island.

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Harimaru

Harimau or Tiger Cave is a limestone cavern in the Indonesian island of Sumatra where the island's first known rock art has been discovered.

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Harrisonian

The Harrisonian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 24,800,000 to 20,600,000 years BP, a period of.

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Haryana

Haryana, carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1November 1966 on linguistic basis, is one of the 29 states in India.

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Haua Fteah

Haua Fteah is a large karstic cave located in the Cyrenaica in northeastern Libya.

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Hawkins Preserve

Hawkins Preserve is a property within the city limits of Cortez, Colorado.

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Hebrides

The Hebrides (Innse Gall,; Suðreyjar) compose a widespread and diverse archipelago off the west coast of mainland Scotland.

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Hekla 3 eruption

The Hekla 3 eruption (H-3) circa 1000 BC is considered the most severe eruption of Hekla during the Holocene.

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Hell Gap archaeological site

Hell Gap (Smithsonian trinomial: 48GO305) is a deeply stratified archaeological site located in the Great Plains of eastern Wyoming, approximately thirteen miles north of Guernsey, where an abundant amount of Paleoindian and Archaic artifacts have been found and excavated since 1959.

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Helvellyn

Helvellyn (possible meaning: pale yellow moorland) is a mountain in the English Lake District, the highest point of the Helvellyn range, a north-south line of mountains to the north of Ambleside, between the lakes of Thirlmere and Ullswater.

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Hemingfordian North American Stage

The Hemingfordian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 20,600,000 to 16,300,000 years BP.

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Hemphillian

The Hemphillian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 10,300,000 to 4,900,000 years BP, a period of.

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Henry Kater Peninsula

The Henry Kater Peninsula is a peninsula on northern Baffin Island, in Nunavut, Canada.

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Herrera Period

The Herrera Period is a phase in the history of Colombia.

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Hesperotestudo

Hesperotestudo ("Western turtle") is an extinct genus of tortoise that lived from the Miocene to the Pleistocene.

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Hilversum culture

The Hilversum culture is a prehistoric material culture found in middle Bronze Age in the region of the southern Netherlands and northern Belgium.

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History of archery

The bow and arrow are known to have been invented by the end of the Upper Paleolithic, and for at least 10,000 years archery was an important military and hunting skill, and features prominently in the mythologies of many cultures.

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History of Boston

The history of Boston plays a central role in American history.

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History of botany

The history of botany examines the human effort to understand life on Earth by tracing the historical development of the discipline of botany—that part of natural science dealing with organisms traditionally treated as plants.

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History of Cardiff

The history of Cardiffa City and County Borough and the capital of Walesspans at least 6,000 years.

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History of Cheshire

The history of Cheshire can be traced back to the Hoxnian Interglacial, between 400,000 and 380,000 years BP.

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History of Colombia

The history of Colombia includes the settlements and society by indigenous peoples, most notably, the Muisca Confederation, Quimbaya Civilization, and Tairona Chiefdoms; the Spanish arrived in 1499 and initiated a period of conquest and colonization, most noteworthy being Spanish conquest of the Muisca; ultimately creating the Viceroyalty of New Granada, with its capital at Bogotá.

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History of Crimea

The recorded history of the Crimean Peninsula, historically known as Tauris (Ταυρική), Taurica, and the Tauric Chersonese (Χερσόνησος Ταυρική, "Tauric Peninsula"), begins around the 5th century BC when several Greek colonies were established along its coast.

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History of England

England became inhabited more than 800,000 years ago, as the discovery of stone tools and footprints at Happisburgh in Norfolk has revealed.

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History of Indigenous Australians

The History of Indigenous Australians began at least 65,000 years ago when Aboriginal Australians populated Australia.

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History of Iraq

The territory of the modern state of Iraq was defined in 1920 as Mandatory Iraq.

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History of Kedah

Kedah, also written as Queda, and known in the early days as Qalha, Kalah Bar, Kalah or Kalaha by the Arabs and Persians, Cheh-Cha, Ka-Cha by the Chinese and Kedaram, Kidaram, Kalagam and Kataha by the Tamils, is an early kingdom on the Malay Peninsula and an important early trade centre.

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History of Madagascar

The history of Madagascar is distinguished clearly by the early isolation of the landmass from the ancient supercontinent containing Africa and India, and by the island's late colonization by human settlers arriving in outrigger canoes from the Sunda islands between 200 BC and 500 AD.

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History of Mesoamerica (Paleo-Indian)

In the History of Mesoamerica, the stage known as the Paleo-Indian period (or alternatively, the Lithic stage) is the era in the scheme of Mesoamerican chronology which begins with the very first indications of human habitation within the Mesoamerican region, and continues until the general onset of the development of agriculture and other proto-civilization traits.

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History of Minnesota

The history of the U.S. state of Minnesota is shaped by its original Native American residents, European exploration and settlement, and the emergence of industries made possible by the state's natural resources.

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History of Native Americans in the United States

The history of Native Americans in the United States began in ancient times tens of thousands of years ago with the settlement of the Americas by the Paleo-Indians.

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History of Ohio

The history of Ohio includes many thousands of years of human activity.

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History of Palestine

The history of Palestine is the study of the past in the region of Palestine, generally defined as a geographic region in the Southern Levant between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River (where Israel and Palestine are today), and various adjoining lands.

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History of Saint Paul, Minnesota

Saint Paul is the second largest city in the state of Minnesota in the United States, the county seat of Ramsey County, and the state capital of Minnesota.

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History of Scandinavia

The history of Scandinavia is the history of the geographical region of Scandinavia and its peoples.

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History of Scotland

The is known to have begun by the end of the last glacial period (in the paleolithic), roughly 10,000 years ago.

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History of Somerset

Somerset is a historic county in the south west of England.

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History of Spain

The history of Spain dates back to the Middle Ages.

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History of the Czech lands

The history of what are now known as the Czech lands (České země) is very diverse.

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History of the Middle East

Home to the Cradle of Civilization, the Middle East (usually interchangeable with the Near East) has seen many of the world's oldest cultures and civilizations.

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History of the United States

The history of the United States began with the settlement of Indigenous people before 15,000 BC.

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History of Victoria

This article describes the history of the Australian colony and state of Victoria.

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History of West Africa

The history of West Africa began with the first human settlements around 4,000 BCE.

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Hohle Fels

The Hohle Fels (also Hohlefels, Hohler Fels, German for "hollow rock") is a cave in the Swabian Jura of Germany that has yielded a number of important archaeological finds dating to the Upper Paleolithic.

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Hoko River Archeological Site

The Hoko River Archeological Site complex, located in Clallam County in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Washington, is a 2,500-year-old fishing camp.

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Holly Oak gorget

The Holly Oak Gorget or Holly Oak Pendant is an artifact made from a section of shell that is engraved with the image of an extinct woolly mammoth reportedly found in Holly Oak, Delaware and initially identified as an example of Paleoindian art.

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Holocene

The Holocene is the current geological epoch.

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Holocene calendar

The Holocene calendar, also known as the Holocene Era or Human Era (HE), is a year numbering system that adds exactly 10,000 years to the currently dominant (AD or CE) numbering scheme, placing its first year near the beginning of the Holocene geological epoch and the Neolithic Revolution, when humans transitioned from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to agriculture and fixed settlements.

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Holocene climatic optimum

The Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO) was a warm period during roughly the interval 9,000 to 5,000 years BP.

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Holocene extinction

The Holocene extinction, otherwise referred to as the Sixth extinction or Anthropocene extinction, is the ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch, mainly as a result of human activity.

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Homo floresiensis

Homo floresiensis ("Flores Man"; nicknamed "hobbit") is an extinct species in the genus Homo.

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Horr's Island archaeological site

The Horr's Island archaeological site is a significant Archaic period archaeological site located on an island in Southwest Florida formerly known as Horr's Island.

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Hovenweep National Monument

Hovenweep National Monument is located on land in southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah, between Cortez, Colorado and Blanding, Utah on the Cajon Mesa of the Great Sage Plain.

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Hoxnian Stage

The Hoxnian Stage is a middle Pleistocene stage (Pleistocene from 2.588 million (±.005) to 11,700 years BP) of the geological history of the British Isles.

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Hualālai

Hualālai (pronounced in Hawaiian) is an active volcano on the island of Hawaiokinai in the Hawaiian Islands.

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Huelmo–Mascardi Cold Reversal

The Huelmo–Mascardi Cold Reversal (HMCR) is a cooling event in South America between 11,400 and 10,200 14C years BP.

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Hueyatlaco

Hueyatlaco is an archeological site in the Valsequillo Basin near the city of Puebla, Mexico.

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Human

Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.

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Human evolution

Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus Homo – and leading to the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.

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Hverfjall

Hverfjall (also known as Hverfell) is a tephra cone or tuff ring volcano in northern Iceland, to the east of Mývatn.

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Hypogeomys australis

Hypogeomys australis is an extinct rodent from central and southeastern Madagascar.

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Iberian Peninsula

The Iberian Peninsula, also known as Iberia, is located in the southwest corner of Europe.

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Ice age

An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers.

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Ifri Oudadane

Ifri Oudadane is an archaeological site in the northeastern Rif region of Morocco.

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Immigration history of Australia

The immigration history of Australia began with the initial human migration to the continent around 80,000 years ago ago when the ancestors of Australian Aboriginals arrived on the continent via the islands of Maritime Southeast Asia and New Guinea.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Indiana Caverns

Indiana Caverns is part of the Binkley Cave system near Corydon, Indiana.

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Indigenous Australians

Indigenous Australians are the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people of Australia, descended from groups that existed in Australia and surrounding islands prior to British colonisation.

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Indigenous peoples in Ecuador

Indigenous peoples in Ecuador, or Native Ecuadorians, are the groups of people who were present in what became Ecuador before the Spanish colonization of the Americas.

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Indigenous peoples of Florida

The Indigenous peoples of Florida lived in what is now known as Florida for more than 12,000 years before the time of first contact with Europeans.

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Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.

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Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau

Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau, also referred to by the phrase Indigenous peoples of the Plateau, and historically called the Plateau Indians (though comprising many groups) are indigenous peoples of the Interior of British Columbia, Canada, and the non-coastal regions of the United States Pacific Northwest states.

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Indo-Aryan migration

Indo-Aryan migration models discuss scenarios around the theory of an origin from outside South Asia of Indo-Aryan peoples, an ascribed ethnolinguistic group that spoke Indo-Aryan languages, the predominant languages of North India.

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Indus Valley Civilisation

The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), or Harappan Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation (5500–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.

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Inner Hebrides

The Inner Hebrides (Scottish Gaelic: Na h-Eileanan a-staigh, "the inner isles") is an archipelago off the west coast of mainland Scotland, to the south east of the Outer Hebrides.

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Interglacial

An interglacial period (or alternatively interglacial, interglaciation) is a geological interval of warmer global average temperature lasting thousands of years that separates consecutive glacial periods within an ice age.

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Irruputuncu

Irruputuncu is a volcano in the commune of Pica, Tamarugal Province, Tarapacá Region, Chile, as well as San Pedro de Quemes Municipality, Nor Lípez Province, Potosí Department, Bolivia.

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Irvingtonian

The Irvingtonian North American Land Mammal Age on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 1,350,000 to 160,000 years BP, a period of.

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Isle of Arran

Arran (Eilean Arainn) or the Isle of Arran is the largest island in the Firth of Clyde and the seventh largest Scottish island, at.

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January 1

January 1 is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar.

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January 1950

The following events occurred in January 1950.

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Jaramillo reversal

The Jaramillo reversal was a reversal and excursion of the Earth's magnetic field that occurred approximately one million years ago.

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Jökulhlaup

A jökulhlaup (literally "glacial run") is a type of glacial outburst flood.

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Jökulsá á Fjöllum

Jökulsá á Fjöllum (glacial river in the mountains) is the second longest river in Iceland (206 km).

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Jōmon Archaeological Sites in Hokkaidō, Northern Tōhoku, and other regions

is a group of Jōmon-period archaeological sites in Hokkaidō and northern Tōhoku, Japan, that in 2009 were submitted jointly for future inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List, under criteria iii and iv.

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Jōmon period

The is the time in Japanese prehistory, traditionally dated between 14,000–300 BCE, recently refined to about 1000 BCE, during which Japan was inhabited by a hunter-gatherer culture, which reached a considerable degree of sedentism and cultural complexity.

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Jōmon pottery

The is a type of ancient earthenware pottery which was made during the Jōmon period in Japan.

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José Ramos Muñoz

José Ramos Muñoz is a Spanish archaeologist and professor of prehistory at the University of Cádiz and director of the Revista Atlántica Mediterránica de Prehistoria y Arqueología Social.

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Kambalny

Kambalny (Камбальный) is a stratovolcano located in the southern part of Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia.

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Karelian Isthmus

The Karelian Isthmus (Karelsky peresheyek; Karjalankannas; Karelska näset) is the approximately 45–110 km wide stretch of land, situated between the Gulf of Finland and Lake Ladoga in northwestern Russia, to the north of the River Neva (between 61°21’N, 59°46’N and 27°42’E, 31°08’E).

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Katla (volcano)

Katla is a large volcano in southern Iceland.

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Kay-Nah-Chi-Wah-Nung

Kay-Nah-Chi-Wah-Nung National Historic Site of Canada, or Manitou Mounds, Canada's premier concentration of ancient burial mounds.

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Keatley Creek Archaeological Site

Keatley Creek is a significant archaeological site in the interior of British Columbia and in the traditional territory of the St'at'imc peoples.

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Kebara Cave

Kebara Cave (Hebrew: מערת כבארה Me'arat Kebbara, Arabic: مغارة الكبارة Mugharat al-Kabara) is an Israeli limestone cave locality in the Wadi Kebara, situated at above sea level on the western escarpment of the Carmel Range, in the Ramat Hanadiv preserve of Zichron Yaakov.

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Keilor archaeological site

The Keilor archaeological site was among the first places to demonstrate the antiquity of Aboriginal occupation of Australia when a cranium, unearthed in 1940, was found to be nearly 15,000 years old.

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Kelar Mound

Kelar Mound or Kelar Tappeh is a Neolithic archaeological site in Mazandaran Province, Iran.

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Kennewick Man

Kennewick Man is the name generally given to the skeletal remains of a prehistoric Paleoamerican man found on a bank of the Columbia River in Kennewick, Washington, United States, on July 28, 1996.

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Kents Cavern

Kents Cavern is a cave system in Torquay, Devon, England.

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Kilclooney More

Kilclooney More (Cill Chluanadh Mhór, meaning church of the pasture) is a townland in the northwest of Ireland in coastal County Donegal.

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Kilnwick

Kilnwick (or Kilnwick-on-the-Wolds) is a village in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.

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Kilu Cave

Kilu Cave is a paleoanthropological site located on Buka Island in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea.

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King Coulee Site

The King Coulee Site (Smithsonian trinomial 21WB56) is a prehistoric Native American archaeological site in Pepin Township, Minnesota, United States.

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Kinglet

A kinglet, or crest, is a small bird in a group that is sometimes included in the Old World warblers, but is frequently placed in its own family, Regulidae, because of resemblance to titmice.

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Koʻolau Range

Koolau Range is a name given to the dormant fragmented remnant of the eastern or windward shield volcano of the Hawaiian island of Ookinaahu.

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Kohala (mountain)

Kohala is the oldest of five volcanoes that make up the island of Hawaii.

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Kostyonki-Borshchyovo archaeological complex

The Kostyonki-Borshchyovo archaeological complex is an extended Upper Paleolithic (Aurignacian to Gravettian) site, covering 30 km2 in the area of Kostyonki (Костёнки, also Kostenki) and Borshchyovo (Борщёво, also Borshchevo) on the western middle bank of the Don River in Khokholsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia, some 25 km south of the city of Voronezh.

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Kotelny Island

Kotelny Island (Остров Котельный, Олгуйдаах арыы) is part of the Anzhu Islands subgroup of the New Siberian Islands located between the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea in the Russian Arctic.

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Kozarnika

Kozarnika or Peshtera Kozarnika (Пещера Козарника, "The Goat Shed") is a cave in northwestern Bulgaria that was used as a hunters’ shelter as early as the Lower Paleolithic (1.6-1.4 million BP).

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Kragujevac

Kragujevac (Крагујевац) is the fourth largest city of Serbia and the administrative center of the Šumadija District in central Serbia.

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Krijn

Krijn is the common name of a Neanderthal fossil discovered off the Dutch coast.

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Kurile Lake

Kurile Lake (Кури́льское о́зеро) is a caldera and crater lake in Kamchatka, Russia.

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La Brea Tar Pits

The La Brea Tar Pits are a group of tar pits around which Hancock Park was formed in urban Los Angeles.

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Labret

A labret is one form of body piercing.

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Lagar Velho 1

The Lagar Velho 1, also known as or the Lagar Velho boy,and Lapedo child is a complete prehistorical skeleton found in Portugal, believed to be a hybrid that had a Neanderthal parent and an anatomically modern human parent.

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Lago Verde, Chile

Lago Verde is a Chilean commune located at the headwaters of the Cisnes River in Coyhaique Province, Aisén Region.

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Laguna Beach, California

Laguna Beach is a seaside resort city located in southern Orange County, California, in the United States.

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Lake Agassiz

Lake Agassiz was a very large glacial lake in central North America.

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Lake Bandung

Lake Bandung is a paleo lake believed once existed between 126,000 and 20,000 years before present, located in and around Bandung city, Priangan highlands, West Java, Indonesia.

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Lake Biržulis

Lake Biržulis is a lake in the Telšiai District of western Lithuania.

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Lake Cahuilla

Lake Cahuilla (also known as Lake LeConte and Blake Sea) is a prehistoric lake in California and northern Mexico.

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Lake Chippewa

Lake Chippewa was a prehistoric proglacial lake.

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Lake Connecticut

Glacial Lake Connecticut formed over what is now Long Island Sound and coastal Connecticut at the fore edge of the ice sheet of the Wisconsin glaciation, as the lobe of the Laurentide ice sheet began to retreat, some 18 to 20,000 years before present.

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Lake Harper

Lake Harper is a dry lake in California.

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Lake Herrera

Lake Herrera is a small lake located at from the urban centre of Mosquera and about north of the capital Bogotá in Cundinamarca, Colombia.

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Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park

Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park (8LE1) is one of the most important archaeological sites in Florida, the capital of chiefdom and ceremonial center of the Fort Walton Culture inhabited from 1050–1500.

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Lake Kankakee

Lake Kankakee formed 14,000 years before present (YBP) in the valley of the Kankakee River.

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Lake Komsomolskoye

Lake Komsomolskoye is a lake in the north of the Leningrad Region Priozersky District, in the middle of the Karelian Isthmus of north eastern Russia.

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Lake Ladoga

Lake Ladoga (p or p; Laatokka;; Ladog, Ladoganjärv) is a freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia, in the vicinity of Saint Petersburg.

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Lake Lisan

Lake Lisan was a prehistoric lake that existed between 70,000 and 12,000 BP in the Jordan Rift Valley in the Near East.

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Lake Manix

Lake Manix is a former lake fed by the Mojave River in the Mojave Desert.

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Lake Maumee

Lake Maumee was a proglacial lake and an ancestor of present-day Lake Erie.

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Lake Minchin

Lake Minchin is a name of an ancient lake in the Altiplano of South America.

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Lake Minong

Lake Minong was a proglacial lake that formed in the Lake Superior basin during the Wisconsin glaciation around 10,000 B.P. (Before Present).

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Lake Mojave

Lake Mojave is an ancient former lake fed by the Mojave River that, through the Holocene, occupied the Silver Lake and Soda Lake basins in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California.

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Lake Ojibway

Lake Ojibway was a prehistoric lake in what is now northern Ontario and Quebec in Canada.

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Lake Palomas

Lake Palomas is a former lake in New Mexico, United States, and Chihuahua, Mexico.

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Lake Ptolemy

Lake Ptolemy is a former lake in Sudan.

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Lake Suguta

Lake Suguta is a former lake in Africa.

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Lake Tauca

Lake Tauca is a former lake in the Altiplano of Bolivia.

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Lake Tengger

Lake Tengger (also known as Lake Zhuyeze) is a paleolake in China.

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Lake Texcoco

Lake Texcoco (Lago de Texcoco) was a natural lake within the "Anahuac" or Valley of Mexico.

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Lake Van

Lake Van (Van Gölü, Վանա լիճ, Vana lič̣, Gola Wanê), the largest lake in Turkey, lies in the far east of that country in the provinces of Van and Bitlis.

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Lake Yoa

Lake Yoa is the most famous, and second largest of the Lakes of Ounianga, a series of Lakes in Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Region basin of northeastern Chad.

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Lamb Spring

Lamb Spring is a pre-Clovis prehistoric Paleo-Indian archaeological site located in Douglas County, Colorado with the largest collection of Columbian mammoth bones in the state.

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Las Lajas, Neuquén

Las Lajas ("The Flagstones") is a town in Neuquén Province, Argentina, and the capital of Picunches Department.

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Las Vegas culture (archaeology)

The Las Vegas culture is the name given to a large number of Holocene settlements which flourished between 8000 BCE and 4600 BCE.(10,000 to 6,600 BP) near the coast of present-day Ecuador.

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Last Glacial Maximum

In the Earth's climate history the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was the last time period during the last glacial period when ice sheets were at their greatest extension.

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Last glacial period

The last glacial period occurred from the end of the Eemian interglacial to the end of the Younger Dryas, encompassing the period years ago.

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Lastarria

Lastarria is a volcano that lies on the border between Chile and Argentina.

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Late Glacial

The Late Glacial climate warming (c. 13,000–10,000 years ago), or Tardiglacial ("Late Glacial"), is defined primarily by the beginning of the modern warm period, in which temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere rose substantially, causing a process of accelerated deglaciation following the Last Glacial Maximum (c. 25,000–13,000 years ago).

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Late Hemingfordian

The Late Hemingfordian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 20,430,000 to 16,300,000 years BP, a period of.

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Laugerie-Basse

Laugerie-Basse is an important Upper Paleolithic archaeological site within the territory of the French commune Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil in Dordogne.

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Lava dome

In volcanology, a lava dome or volcanic dome is a roughly circular mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano.

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Layout of the Port of Tianjin

The Port of Tianjin is divided into nine areas: the three core ("Tianjin Xingang") areas of Beijiang, Nanjiang, and Dongjiang around the Xingang fairway; the Haihe area along the river; the Beitang port area around the Beitangkou estuary; the Dagukou port area in the estuary of the Haihe River; and three areas under construction (Hanggu, Gaoshaling, Nangang).

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Ledringhem

Ledringhem is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Lene Hara cave

The Lena Hara cave is the main cave of a system of solutional caves in the Lautém District at the eastern tip of East Timor (Timor-Leste), close to the village of Tutuala.

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Lesser grison

The lesser grison (Galictis cuja) is a species of mustelid from South America.

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Lewisville Lake

Lewisville Lake is a reservoir in North Texas (USA) on the Elm Fork of the Trinity River in Denton County near Lewisville.

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Li County, Gansu

Li County or Lixian is an administrative division of the prefecture-level city of Longnan in southeastern Gansu, a northwestern province of China.

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Liang Bua

Liang Bua is a limestone cave on the island of Flores, Indonesia.

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Licancabur

Licancabur is a stratovolcano on the border between Bolivia and Chile, south of the Sairecabur volcano and west of Juriques.

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Ligérian

The Ligérian is a regional geological substage of the Turonian.

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Limeuil (prehistoric site)

Limeuil is a prehistoric site in the French departement Dordogne.

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Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician

Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician (LRJ) was a culture or technocomplex dating to the beginning Upper Paleolithic, about 43,000 years ago.

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Lindenmeier Site

The Lindenmeier Site is a stratified multi-component archaeological site most famous for its Folsom component.

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Linen

Linen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant.

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List of archaeological periods (Levant)

The following is a refined listing of Levantive archeological periods, expanded from the basic three-age system with finer subdivisions and extension into the modern historical period.

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List of archaeological sites in Peru

Archaeological sites in Peru are numerous and diverse, representing different aspects including temples and fortresses of the various cultures of ancient Peru, such as the Moche and Nazca.

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List of Cascade volcanoes

This is a list of Cascade volcanoes, i.e. volcanoes formed as a result of subduction along the Cascadia subduction zone in the Pacific Northwest of North America.

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List of Chinese inventions

China has been the source of many innovations, scientific discoveries and inventions.

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List of Cultural Properties of Japan - archaeological materials (Okinawa)

This list is of the Cultural Properties of Japan designated in the category of for the Prefecture of Okinawa.

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List of flood basalt provinces

Representative continental flood basalts (also known as traps) and oceanic plateaus, together forming a listing of large igneous provinces.

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List of geochronologic names

This is a list of official and unofficial names for time spans in the geologic timescale and units of chronostratigraphy.

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List of gomphothere fossils in South America

This is a list of gomphothere fossils found in South America.

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List of landslides

This list of landslides is a list of notable landslides and mudflows divided into sections by date and type.

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List of Little Picacho Wilderness flora

The flora of the Little Picacho Wilderness located in southeastern Imperial County, Southern California.

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List of mammals of Madagascar

This is a list of the native wild mammal species recorded in Madagascar.

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List of Muggins Mountain Wilderness flora

This is a list of Muggins Mountain Wilderness flora.

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List of Muisca and pre-Muisca sites

This is a list of Muisca and pre-Muisca archaeological sites; sites on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, where archaeological evidence has been discovered of the Muisca and their ancestors of the Herrera, preceramic and prehistorical periods.

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List of Neolithic cultures of China

This is a list of Neolithic cultures of China that have been unearthed by archaeologists.

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List of Norte Chico archaeological sites

The following is a list of archaeological sites of the Norte Chico civilization (also Caral civilization).

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List of North American animals extinct in the Holocene

This is an incomplete list of extinct animals of North America.

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List of North American settlements by year of foundation

This is a list of settlements in North America by founding year and present-day country.

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List of oldest surviving ships

This is a list of the oldest ships in the world which have survived to this day without significantly losing their original form.

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List of periods and events in climate history

The list of periods and events in climate history includes some notable climate events known to paleoclimatology.

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List of prehistoric lakes

This a partial list of prehistoric lakes.

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List of Quaternary volcanic eruptions

This article is a list of volcanic eruptions of approximately magnitude 6 or more on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) or equivalent sulfur dioxide emission during the Holocene, and Pleistocene eruptions of the Decade Volcanoes (Avachinsky-Koryaksky, Kamchatka; Colima, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt; Mount Etna, Sicily; Galeras, Andes, Northern Volcanic Zone; Mauna Loa, Hawaii; Mount Merapi, Central Java; Mount Nyiragongo, East African Rift; Mount Rainier, Washington; Sakurajima, Kagoshima Prefecture; Santamaria/ Santiaguito, Central America Volcanic Arc; Santorini, Cyclades; Taal Volcano, Luzon Volcanic Arc; Teide, Canary Islands; Ulawun, New Britain; Mount Unzen, Nagasaki Prefecture; Mount Vesuvius, Naples); Campania, Italy; South Aegean Volcanic Arc; Laguna de Bay, Luzon Volcanic Arc; Mount Pinatubo, Luzon Volcanic Arc; Toba, Sunda Arc; Mount Meager massif, Garibaldi Volcanic Belt; Yellowstone hotspot, Wyoming; and Taupo Volcanic Zone, greater than VEI 4.

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List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cambridgeshire

Cambridgeshire is a county in eastern England, with an area of and a population as of mid-2015 of 841,218.

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List of submarine volcanoes

A list of active and extinct submarine volcanoes and seamounts located under the world's oceans.

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List of Vertebrate fauna of the Maastrichtian stage

This is an incomplete list that briefly describes vertebrates that were extant during the Maastrichtian, a stage of the Late Cretaceous Period which extended from 72.1 to 66 million years before present.

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List of volcanoes in India

This is a list of Quaternary active, dormant/extinct volcanoes in India.

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List of volcanoes in Indonesia

The geography of Indonesia is dominated by volcanoes that are formed due to subduction zones between the Eurasian plate and the Indo-Australian plate.

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List of volcanoes in Japan

This is a list of active and extinct volcanoes in Japan.

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List of volcanoes in the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain

The Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain is a series of volcanoes and seamounts extending across the Pacific Ocean.

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List of volcanoes in the United States

A list of volcanoes in the United States of America and its territories.

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Little John (archeological site)

Little John is an archaeological site in Yukon, Canada, located northwest of the White River First Nation community of Beaver Creek, from which human artefacts and ancient animal bones have been radiocarbon dated to 14,000 years before present (BP), earlier than the generally accepted time for human migration into the Americas and one of the oldest sites in Beringia.

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Littorina Sea

Littorina Sea (also Litorina Sea) is a geological brackish water stage of the Baltic Sea, which existed around 7500–4000 BP and followed the Mastogloia Sea, transitional stage of the Ancylus Lake.

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Ljubljana Marshes Wheel

The Ljubljana Marshes Wheel is a wooden wheel that was found in the Ljubljana Marshes some south of Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, in 2002.

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Longgang volcanic field

Longgang is a volcanic field in Jilin Province, China.

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Lough Scur

Lough Scur is a freshwater lake in south County Leitrim, northwest Ireland.

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Louisiana

Louisiana is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Lunar distance (astronomy)

Lunar distance (LD or \Delta_), also called Earth–Moon distance, Earth–Moon characteristic distance, or distance to the Moon, is a unit of measure in astronomy.

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Luzia Woman

Luzia Woman is the name for an Upper Paleolithic period skeleton of a Paleo-Indian woman who was found in a cave in Brazil.

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Lydenburg heads

The Lydenburg Heads refer to seven terracotta heads that were discovered in association with other pottery artefacts in Lydenburg, Mpumalanga, South Africa.

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Magdalenian

The Magdalenian (also Madelenian; French: Magdalénien) refers to one of the later cultures of the Upper Paleolithic in western Europe, dating from around 17,000 to 12,000 years ago.

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Maha Sammata

Maha Sammata (Mahā Sammata; မဟာ သမ္မတ; also spelled Mahasammata; lit. "the Great Elect") was the first monarch of the world according to Buddhist tradition.

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Makapansgat

Makapansgat (/mɐkɐˈpɐnsxɐt/) (or Makapan Valley world heritage site) is an archaeological location within the Makapansgat and Zwartkrans Valleys, northeast of Mokopane in Limpopo province, South Africa.

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Makapansgat pebble

The Makapansgat pebble, or the pebble of many faces, (ca. 3,000,000 BP) is a 260-gram reddish-brown jasperite cobble with natural chipping and wear patterns that make it look like a crude rendition of a human face.

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Mammoth steppe

During the Last Glacial Maximum, the mammoth steppe was the Earth’s most extensive biome.

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Mande languages

The Mande languages are spoken in several countries in Africa by the Mandé people and include Maninka, Mandinka, Soninke, Bambara, Dioula, Bozo, Mende, Susu, and Vai.

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Manteño civilization

The Manteño civilization (Spanish: Los Manteños) were the last pre-Columbian civilization in modern-day Ecuador, active from 850 to 1600 CE (1150–400 BP).

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Manunggul Jar

The Manunggul Jar is a secondary burial jar excavated from a Neolithic burial site in the Manunggul cave of the Tabon Caves at Lipuun Point in Palawan.

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Marazion Marsh

Marazion Marsh is a Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) reserve situated in a shallow river valley, half a kilometre to the west of Marazion, Cornwall, UK.

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Massachusetts Hornfels-Braintree Slate Quarry

The Massachusetts Hornfels-Braintree Slate Quarry is a prehistoric archaeological site in Milton and Quincy, Massachusetts.

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Mata Menge

Mata Menge is an early Middle Pleistocene paleoanthropological site located in the Ola Bula Formation in the So'a Basin on the island of Flores, Indonesia.

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Mauna Kea

Mauna Kea is a dormant volcano on the island of Hawaii.

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Māhukona

Māhukona is a submerged shield volcano on the northwestern flank of the Island of Hawaiokinai.

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Megafauna

In terrestrial zoology, megafauna (from Greek μέγας megas "large" and New Latin fauna "animal life") are large or giant animals.

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Megafaunal wolf

The megafaunal wolf (Canis cf. lupus) was a Late Pleistocene – early Holocene hypercarnivore similar in size to a large extant gray wolf.

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Megalocnus

The ground sloths of the extinct genus Megalocnus ("Great Sloth") were among the largest of the Caribbean ground sloths, with individuals estimated to have weighed up to when alive.

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Megalonychidae

Megalonychidae is a group of sloths including the extinct Megalonyx and the living two toed sloths.

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Megalonyx

Megalonyx (Greek, "large claw") is an extinct genus of ground sloths of the family Megalonychidae endemic to North America from the Hemphillian of the Late Miocene through to the Rancholabrean of the Pleistocene, living from ~10.3 Mya—11,000 years ago, existing for approximately.

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Megatsunami

A megatsunami is a very large wave created by a large, sudden displacement of material into a body of water.

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Meidob volcanic field

Meidob volcanic field is a Holocene volcanic field in Darfur, Sudan.

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Memorial Park Site

The Memorial Park Site (designated 36CN164) is an archaeological site located near the confluence of Bald Eagle Creek and the West Branch Susquehanna River in Lock Haven in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.

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Menan Buttes

The North and South Menan Buttes in southeastern Idaho are two of the world's largest volcanic tuff cones.

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Mentolat

Mentolat is an ice-filled, wide caldera in the central portion of Magdalena Island, Aisén Province, Chilean Patagonia.

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Merlis Serpentinites

The Merlis Serpentinites are an aligned group of small serpentinite outcrops in the northwestern French Massif Central.

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Mesa Falls Tuff

The Mesa Falls Tuff is a tuff formation created by the Mesa Falls eruption that formed the Henry's Fork Caldera that is located in Idaho west of Yellowstone National Park.

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Mesolithic

In Old World archaeology, Mesolithic (Greek: μέσος, mesos "middle"; λίθος, lithos "stone") is the period between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic.

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Mezmaiskaya cave

Mezmaiskaya Cave (Мезмайская пещера) is a prehistoric cave site overlooking the right bank of the Sukhoi Kurdzhips (a tributary of the Kurdzhips River) in the southern Russian Republic of Adygea, located in the northwestern foothills of the North Caucasus in the Caucasus Mountains system.

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Microgale macpheei

Microgale macpheei is an extinct shrew tenrec from southeastern Madagascar.

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Middelzee

The Middelzee (Dutch for "middle sea"; Middelsee), also called Bordine, was the estuary mouth of the River Boorne (West Frisian: Boarn) now in the Dutch province of Friesland.

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Miletus

Miletus (Milētos; Hittite transcription Millawanda or Milawata (exonyms); Miletus; Milet) was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia, near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Caria.

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Mingulay

Mingulay (Miughalaigh) is the second largest of the Bishop's Isles in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland.

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Minnesota Woman

Minnesota Woman, also known as Pelican Rapids-Minnesota Woman, is the name given to the skeletal remains of a woman thought to be 8,000 years old.

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Mladeč caves

The Mladeč caves (Mladečské jeskyně) are a cave complex in the Czech Republic situated to the west of the village of Mladeč in the Litovelské Pomoraví Protected Landscape Area.

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Models of migration to the Philippines

There have been several models of early human migration to the Philippines.

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Mongoloid

Mongoloid is a grouping of all or some peoples indigenous to East Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, North Asia, South Asia, the Arctic, the Americas and the Pacific Islands.

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Monmouth

Monmouth (Trefynwy meaning "town on the Monnow") is the historic county town of Monmouthshire, Wales.

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Mono–Inyo Craters

The Mono–Inyo Craters are a volcanic chain of craters, domes and lava flows in Mono County, Eastern California.

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Mont Ham

Mont Ham is a mountain in the southern Notre Dame Mountains (part of the Appalachians) in Quebec, Canada.

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Monte Burney

Monte Burney is a volcano in southern Chile, part of its Austral Volcanic Zone which consists of six volcanoes with activity during the Quaternary.

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Monte Verde

Monte Verde is an archaeological site in southern Chile, located near Puerto Montt, Southern Chile, which has been dated to as early as 18,500 BP (16,500 B.C.). Until recently, the widely published date has been 14,800 years BP.

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Montes Universales

Montes Universales is a long mountain range in the southeastern end of the Iberian System.

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Montserrat

Montserrat is a Caribbean island in the Leeward Islands, which is part of the chain known as the Lesser Antilles, in the West Indies.

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Moriori

Moriori are the indigenous people of the Chatham Islands (Rēkohu in Moriori, Wharekauri in Māori), east of the New Zealand archipelago in the Pacific Ocean.

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Mosquera, Cundinamarca

Mosquera is a municipality of Colombia in the Western Savanna Province, part of the department of Cundinamarca.

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Mount Erciyes

Mount Erciyes (Erciyes Dağı), also known as Argaeus, is a volcano in Turkey.

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Mount Kaguyak

Mount Kaguyak is a stratovolcano located in the northeastern part of the Katmai National Park and Preserve in the U.S. state of Alaska.

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Mount Kilimanjaro

Mount Kilimanjaro or just Kilimanjaro, with its three volcanic cones, "Kibo", "Mawenzi", and "Shira", is a dormant volcano in Tanzania.

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Mount Kinbō (Kumamoto)

or is a mountain in the west of Kumamoto city, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.

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Mount Okmok

Mount Okmok is the highest point on the rim of Okmok Caldera (Unmagim Anatuu in Aleut) on the northeastern part of Umnak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands of Alaska.

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Mount Rainier National Park

Mount Rainier National Park is a United States National Park located in southeast Pierce County and northeast Lewis County in Washington state.

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Mount Sunda

Mount Sunda, was an ancient volcano that once stood in Priangan highlands in today's West Java province, Java island, Indonesia.

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Mount Tambora

Mount Tambora (or Tomboro) is an active stratovolcano on Sumbawa, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia.

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Mount Taylor (Florida)

Mount Taylor (8VO19)is an archaeological site near DeBary, Florida.

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Mousterian

The Mousterian (or Mode III) is a techno-complex (archaeological industry) of flint lithic tools associated primarily with Neanderthals, as well as with the earliest anatomically modern humans in Eurasia.

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Muisca agriculture

The Muisca agriculture describes the agriculture of the Muisca, the advanced civilisation that was present in the times before the Spanish conquest on the high plateau in the Colombian Andes; the Altiplano Cundiboyacense.

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Muisca mummification

This article describes the practice of mummification by the Muisca.

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Mullerornis

Mullerornis is the smaller of the two genera of extinct elephant birds (Aepyornithidae) of Madagascar (the other is Aepyornis).

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Multiregional origin of modern humans

The multiregional hypothesis, multiregional evolution (MRE), or polycentric hypothesis is a scientific model that provides an alternative explanation to the more widely accepted "Out of Africa" model of monogenesis for the pattern of human evolution.

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Municipality of Domžale

The Municipality of Domžale (Občina Domžale) is a municipality in the Ljubljana Basin in Slovenia.

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Mute swan

The mute swan (Cygnus olor) is a species of swan and a member of the waterfowl family Anatidae.

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Myr

The abbreviation myr, "million years", is a unit of a quantity of (i.e.) years, or 31.6 teraseconds.

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N'Quatqua

N'Quatqua, variously spelled Nequatque, N'quat'qua, is the proper historic name in the St'at'imcets language for the First Nations village of the Stl'atl'imx people of the community of D'Arcy, which is at the upper end of Anderson Lake about 35 miles southeast of Lillooet and about the same distance from Pemberton.

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Nanzhuangtou

Nanzhuangtou (12,600–11,300 cal BPKuzmin, Yaroslav V. ANTIQUITY-OXFORD- 80, no. 308 (2006): 362. or 11,500–11,000 cal BP,Xiaoyan Yang, Zhiwei Wan, Linda Perry, Houyuan Lu, Qiang Wang, Chaohong Zhao, Jun Li, Fei Xie, Jincheng Yu, Tianxing Cui, Tao Wang, Mingqi Li, and Quansheng Ge Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2012 vol 109 (10) pp. 3726–3730. roughly 9500–9000 BC) was a Neolithic site near Lake Baiyangdian in Xushui County, Hebei, China.

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Naolinco volcanic field

Naolinco volcanic field is a volcanic field in Veracruz, Mexico.

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National Register of Historic Places listings in Kenosha County, Wisconsin

This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Kenosha County, Wisconsin.

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Native American dogs

Native American dogs are dog landraces & breeds raised, created by, and living with people indigenous to the Americas.

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Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.

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Natural fiber

Natural fibers or natural fibres (see spelling differences) are fibres that are produced by plants, animals, and geological processes.

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Nautilus macromphalus

Nautilus macromphalus, the bellybutton nautilus, is a species of nautilus native to the waters off New Caledonia, the Loyalty Islands, and northeastern Australia.

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Neanderthal genome project

The Neanderthal genome project is an effort of a group of scientists to sequence the Neanderthal genome, founded in July 2006.

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Nelson Bay Cave

Nelson Bay Cave also known as Wagenaar's Cave is a Stone Age archaeological site located on the Robberg Peninsula and facing Nelson's Bay near Plettenberg Bay in South Africa, and showing evidence of human occupation as far back as 125,000 years ago.

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Nemocón

Nemocón is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Central Savanna Province, part of the department of Cundinamarca.

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Neocnus

Neocnus is an extinct genus of ground sloth, whose species ranged across Cuba and Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic).

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Neoglaciation

The neoglaciation ("renewed glaciation") describes the documented cooling trend in the Earth's climate during the Holocene, following the retreat of the Wisconsin glaciation, the most recent glacial period.

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Neolithic Revolution

The Neolithic Revolution, Neolithic Demographic Transition, Agricultural Revolution, or First Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making an increasingly larger population possible.

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Neopluvial

Neopluvial is a term referring to a phase of wetter and colder climate in the western United States in the late Holocene, causing the levels of lakes in the Great Basin to increase and previously dry lakes and springs to refill.

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Neoteny in humans

Neoteny in humans is the slowing or delaying of body development, compared to non-human primates, resulting in features such as a large head, a flat face, and relatively short arms and legs.

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Neponset River

The Neponset River is a river in eastern Massachusetts in the United States.

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Neuil mine

The Neuil Mine, in French Mine de Neuil, is a mine emplaced in paragneisses of the northwestern Massif Central.

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Nevado de Longaví

Nevado de Longaví is a volcano in the Andes of central Chile.

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Nevado de Toluca

Nevado de Toluca (Spanish) is a large stratovolcano in central Mexico, located about west of Mexico City near the city of Toluca.

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Nevado Tres Cruces

Nevado Tres Cruces is a massif of volcanic origin in the Andes Mountains on the border of Argentina and Chile.

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Neville archaeological site

Neville is an archaeological site on the bank of the Merrimack River in New Hampshire in the United States.

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Nevlje

Nevlje (NeulLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 28.) is a settlement on the Nevljica River in the Municipality of Kamnik in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

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New Castle, Indiana

New Castle is a city in Henry County, Indiana, east-northeast of Indianapolis, on the Big Blue River.

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New Siberian Islands

The New Siberian Islands (r; translit) are an archipelago in the Extreme North of Russia, to the North of the East Siberian coast between the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea north of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic.

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Nile

The Nile River (النيل, Egyptian Arabic en-Nīl, Standard Arabic an-Nīl; ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲱ, P(h)iaro; Ancient Egyptian: Ḥ'pī and Jtrw; Biblical Hebrew:, Ha-Ye'or or, Ha-Shiḥor) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest.

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Nipissing Great Lakes

Nipissing Great Lakes was a prehistoric proglacial lake.

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Niue night heron

The Niue night heron (Nycticorax kalavikai) is an extinct night heron species that was endemic to the island of Niue in West Polynesia.

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Niue rail

The Niue rail (Gallirallus huiatua) is an extinct species of flightless bird in the Rallidae, or rail family.

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Noongar

The Noongar (also spelt Nyungar, Nyoongar, Nyoongah, Nyungah, Nyugah, Yunga) are a constellation of peoples of Indigenous Australian descent who live in the south-west corner of Western Australia, from Geraldton on the west coast to Esperance on the south coast.

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Northern crested caracara

The northern crested caracara (Caracara cheriway), also called the northern caracara and crested caracara, is a bird of prey in the family Falconidae.

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Northern Ice Field (Mount Kilimanjaro)

The Northern Ice Field is near the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, on the west slope of the peak.

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Nothrotheriops

Nothrotheriops is a genus of Pleistocene ground sloth found in North America, from what is now central Mexico to the southern United States.

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Novoarkhanhelsk

Novoarkhanhelsk (Новоархангельск, formerly known as Arkhanhelohorod, Архангелогород) is a town (urban-type settlement) in Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine.

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Nuku Hiva rail

The Nuku Hiva rail (Gallirallus epulare) is an extinct species of flightless bird in the Rallidae, or rail family.

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Obi-Rakhmat Grotto

The Obi-Rakhmat Grotto is a Middle Paleolithic prehistoric site that yielded Neanderthal fossils.

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Odai Yamamoto I site

The is a Jōmon-period archaeological site in Sotogahama, Aomori Prefecture, Japan.

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Okladnikov Cave

Okladnikov Cave (Пещера Окладникова) is a paleoanthropological site located in the foothills of the Altai Mountains in Soloneshensky District, Altai Krai in southern Siberia, Russia.

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Older Dryas

The Older Dryas was a stadial (cold) period between the Bølling and Allerød interstadials (warmer phases), about 14,000 years Before Present), towards the end of the Pleistocene. Its date is not well defined, with estimates varying by 400 years, but its duration is agreed to have been around 200 years. The gradual warming since the Last Glacial Maximum (27,000 to 24,000 years BP) has been interrupted by two cold spells: the Older Dryas and the Younger Dryas (c.

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Oldisleben I

Oldisleben I is an archeological site of the Eemian interglacial period located north of Weimar in the Oldisleben municipality, Germany.

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Oldowan

The Oldowan (or Mode I) is the earliest widespread stone tool archaeological industry (style) in prehistory.

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Olduvai Gorge

The Olduvai Gorge or Oldupai Gorge in Tanzania is one of the most important paleoanthropological sites in the world; it has proven invaluable in furthering our understanding of early human evolution.

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Olive

The olive, known by the botanical name Olea europaea, meaning "European olive", is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, found in the Mediterranean Basin from Portugal to the Levant, the Arabian Peninsula, and southern Asia as far east as China, as well as the Canary Islands and Réunion.

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On Your Knees Cave

On Your Knees Cave (49-PET-408) is an archaeological site located in southeastern Alaska (Prince of Wales Island).

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Onkaparinga River Recreation Park

Onkaparinga River Recreation Park is a protected area occupying land in the estuary of the Onkaparinga River in South Australia.

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Oosterhout Formation

The Oosterhout Formation is a geological formation in the subsoil in the central and south area of the Netherlands.

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Opal Cone

Opal Cone is a cinder cone located on the southeast flank of Mount Garibaldi in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia, Canada.

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Orange period

The Orange period or Orange culture was a late-Archaic archaeological culture along the eastern side of the Florida peninsula, from about 4,000 years ago to about 2,500 or 3,000 years ago.

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Orellan

The Orellan North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 33,900,000 to 33,300,000 years BP, a period of.

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Origin of the domestic dog

The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.

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Oryza sativa

Oryza sativa, commonly known as Asian rice, is the plant species most commonly referred to in English as rice.

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Oryzomys antillarum

Oryzomys antillarum, also known as the Jamaican rice rat, is an extinct rodent of Jamaica.

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Outline of prehistoric technology

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to prehistoric technology.

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Pachyornis australis

The crested moa, Pachyornis australis, is a species of moa from the family Dinornithidae.

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Pacific Ranges

The Pacific Ranges are the southernmost subdivision of the Coast Mountains portion of the Pacific Cordillera.

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Padah-Lin Caves

Padah-Lin Caves (ဗဒလင်းဂူ,; also Padalin or Badalin) are limestone caves located in Taunggyi District, Shan State, Burma (Myanmar).

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Paektu Mountain

Mount Paektu or Mount Baekdu (Korean pronunciation), also known as Golmin Šanggiyan Alin in Manchu and Changbai Mountain in Chinese, is an active volcano on the China–North Korea border.

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Page-Ladson prehistory site

The Page-Ladson prehistory site (8JE591) is a deep sinkhole in the bed of the karstic Aucilla River (between Jefferson and Taylor counties in the Big Bend region of Florida) that has stratified deposits of late Pleistocene and early Holocene animal bones and human artifacts.

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Paglicci 23

Paglicci 23 is the name for human remains found in Paglicci Cave in Apulia, Italy that have been dated to 28,000 years Before Present.

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Paisley Caves

The Paisley Caves complex is a system of four caves in an arid, desolate region of south-central Oregon, United States north of the present-day city of Paisley, Oregon.

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Palaeoloxodon

Palaeoloxodon is an extinct genus that contains the various species of straight-tusked elephant.

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Paleo-Arctic Tradition

The Paleo-Arctic Tradition is the name given by archaeologists to the cultural tradition of the earliest well-documented human occupants of the North American Arctic, which date from the period 8000–5000 BC.

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Paleo-Indians

Paleo-Indians, Paleoindians or Paleoamericans is a classification term given to the first peoples who entered, and subsequently inhabited, the Americas during the final glacial episodes of the late Pleistocene period.

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Paleolithic

The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers c. 95% of human technological prehistory.

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Paleolithic dog

The Paleolithic dog was a Late Pleistocene canine.

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Paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene Epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).

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Pali-Aike volcanic field

Pali-Aike volcanic field is a volcanic field in Argentina which straddles the border with Chile.

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Parc Cwm long cairn

Parc Cwm long cairn (carn hir Parc Cwm), also known as Parc le Breos burial chamber (siambr gladdu Parc le Breos), is a partly restored Neolithic chambered tomb, identified in 1937 as a Severn-Cotswold type of chambered long barrow.

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Parc le Breos

Parc le Breos was a great medieval deer park in the south of the Gower Peninsula, about west of Swansea, Wales, and about north of the Bristol Channel.

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Parkmill

The village of Parkmill (Melin y Parc) is a small rural settlement in the Gower Peninsula (Gŵyr), South Wales (De Cymru), midway between the villages of Penmaen and Ilston (Llanilltud Gwyr), about eight miles (13 km) west of Swansea (Abertawe), and about one mile (1.5 km) from the north coast of the Bristol Channel (Môr Hafren).

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Périgordian

Périgordian is a term for several distinct but related Upper Palaeolithic cultures which are thought by some archaeologists to represent a contiguous tradition.

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Předmostí 3

Předmostí 3 is an archaeological find from central Europe in the Czech republic, and is geologically dated as Late Pleistocene.

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PE

PE may refer to.

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Pešturina

Pešturina (Пештурина) is a cave in the municipality of Niška Banja in southeast Serbia.

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Pedra Furada

Pedra Furada (meaning pierced rock) is an important collection of over 800 archaeological sites in the state of Piauí, Brazil.

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Peștera Muierilor

Peștera Muierilor, or Peștera Muierii (Romanian for "The Women's Cave", or "The Woman's Cave"), is an elaborate cave system located in the Baia de Fier commune, Gorj County, Romania.

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Phlegraean Fields

The Phlegraean Fields (Campi Flegrei; Campe Flegree, from Greek φλέγω, "to burn") are a large volcanic area situated to the west of Naples, Italy.

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Physical impacts of climate change

This article is about the physical impacts of climate change.

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Picken's Hole

Picken's Hole is a small cave on the southern side of Crook Peak in the Mendip Hills in the English county of Somerset.

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Pig

A pig is any of the animals in the genus Sus, within the even-toed ungulate family Suidae.

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Pilauco Bajo

Gomphotheres models in ''Parque Pleistocénico de Osorno'', a park inspired by the findings of Pilauco Bajo. Pilauco Bajo is a paleontological and archaeological site located in the city of Osorno in Southern Chile.

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Pistia

Pistia is a genus of aquatic plant in the arum family, Araceae.

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Plainview point

In the classification of Archaeological cultures of North America, the term Plainview points refer to Paleoindian projectile points dated between 10,000–9,000 Before Present.

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Pleistocene

The Pleistocene (often colloquially referred to as the Ice Age) is the geological epoch which lasted from about 2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the world's most recent period of repeated glaciations.

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Pleistocene megafauna

Pleistocene megafauna is the set of large animals that lived on Earth during the Pleistocene epoch and became extinct during the Quaternary extinction event.

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Plesiorycteropus

Plesiorycteropus, also known as the bibymalagasy or Malagasy aardvark, is a recently extinct eutherian mammalian genus from Madagascar.

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Pliocene

The Pliocene (also Pleiocene) Epoch is the epoch in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years BP.

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Polynesian navigation

Traditional Polynesian navigation was used for thousands of years to make long voyages across thousands of miles of the open Pacific Ocean.

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Pontine Marshes

Lake Fogliano, a coastal lagoon in the Pontine Plain. The Pontine Marshes, termed in Latin Pomptinus Ager by Titus Livius, Pomptina Palus (singular) and Pomptinae Paludes (plural) by Pliny the Elder,Natural History 3.59.

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Population bottleneck

A population bottleneck or genetic bottleneck is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events (such as earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, or droughts) or human activities (such as genocide).

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Porak

Porak or Axarbaxar ("gutted belly" in Azerbaijani) is a stratovolcano located in the Vardenis volcanic ridge.

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Pork in Ireland

Pork in Ireland has been a key part of the Irish diet since prehistory.

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Porthloo

Porthloo (sometimes spelled and often pronounced Porthlow, (Porth Logh, 'cove of the deep water inlet')) is a coastal settlement on the island of St Mary's in the Isles of Scilly, England.

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Potok Cave

Potok Cave (Potočka zijalka or Potočka zijavka) is a cave in northern Slovenia, declared a high-elevation archaeological and paleontological site, occupied approximately 35,000 years BP (before present) by anatomically modern humans of the Aurignacian culture during the Upper Paleolithic.

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Pre-Pottery Neolithic A

Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) denotes the first stage in early Levantine and Anatolian Neolithic culture, dating BP.

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Pre-Pottery Neolithic B

Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) is a Neolithic culture centered in upper Mesopotamia.

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Preboreal

The Preboreal is a stage of the Holocene epoch.

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Prehistoric Britain

Several species of humans have intermittently occupied Britain for almost a million years.

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Prehistoric Cumbria

Prehistoric Cumbria describes that part of north-west England, subsequently the county of Cumbria, prior to the coming of the Romans.

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Prehistoric Europe

Prehistoric Europe is the designation for the period of human presence in Europe before the start of recorded history, beginning in the Lower Paleolithic.

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Prehistoric Georgia

The prehistory of Georgia is the period between the first human habitation of the territory of modern-day nation of Georgia and the time when Assyrian and Urartian, and more firmly, the Classical accounts, brought the proto-Georgian tribes into the scope of recorded history.

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Prehistoric Iberia

The prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula begins with the arrival of the first hominins 1.2 million years ago and ends with the Punic Wars, when the territory enters the domains of written history.

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Prehistoric technology

Prehistoric technology is technology that predates recorded history.

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Prehistoric tsunamis

Prehistoric tsunamis are tsunamis and so-called "megatsunamis" that occurred before recorded history.

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Prehistory

Human prehistory is the period between the use of the first stone tools 3.3 million years ago by hominins and the invention of writing systems.

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Prehistory of France

Prehistoric France is the period in the human occupation (including early hominins) of the geographical area covered by present-day France which extended through prehistory and ended in the Iron Age with the Celtic "La Tène culture".

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Prehistory of Southeastern Europe

The prehistory of Southeastern Europe, defined roughly as the territory of the wider Balkan peninsula (including the territories of the modern countries of Albania, Croatia, Kosovo, Serbia, Macedonia, Greece, Bosnia, Romania, Bulgaria, and European Turkey covers the period from the Upper Paleolithic, beginning with the presence of Homo sapiens in the area some 44,000 years ago, until the appearance of the first written records in Classical Antiquity, in Greece as early as the 8th century BC. Human prehistory in Southeastern Europe is conventionally divided into smaller periods, such as Upper Paleolithic, Holocene Mesolithic/Epipaleolithic, Neolithic Revolution, expansion of Proto-Indo-Europeans, and Protohistory. The changes between these are gradual. For example, depending on interpretation, protohistory might or might not include Bronze Age Greece (2800–1200 BC), Minoan, Mycenaean, Thracian and Venetic cultures. By one interpretation of the historiography criterion, Southeastern Europe enters protohistory only with Homer (See also Historicity of the Iliad, and Geography of the Odyssey). At any rate, the period ends before Herodotus in the 5th century BC.

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Prehistory of Sri Lanka

This article deals with the prehistory of Sri Lanka since human habitation and covers the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and early Iron ages until the ancient history of Sri Lanka.

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Prehistory of the Valencian Community

The prehistory in the Valencian Community refers to the period from the Paleolithic (around 350,000 BCE), including the appearance of the first populations, until the appearance of colonizing peoples (Greeks, Phoenicians, and Carthaginians; around 500 BCE), in the territory of the Valencian Community.

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Prehistory of Transylvania

The Prehistory of Transylvania describes what can be learned about the region known as Transylvania through archaeology, anthropology, comparative linguistics and other allied sciences.

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Present

The present (or here and now) is the time that is associated with the events perceived directly and in the first time, not as a recollection (perceived more than once) or a speculation (predicted, hypothesis, uncertain).

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Present (disambiguation)

Present is a time that is neither future nor past, happening now Present or The Present or Presents may also refer to.

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Proto-Celtic language

The Proto-Celtic language, also called Common Celtic, is the reconstructed ancestor language of all the known Celtic languages.

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Proto-Indo-Europeans

The Proto-Indo-Europeans were the prehistoric people of Eurasia who spoke Proto-Indo-European (PIE), the ancestor of the Indo-European languages according to linguistic reconstruction.

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Proto-Tupian language

Proto-Tupian (PT) is the linguistic reconstruction of the common ancestor of all the Tupian languages.

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Pterophorus oligocenus

Pterophorus oligocenus is an extinct moth of the family Pterophoridae.

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Puercan

The Puercan North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), spanning the interval from 66,000,000 to 63,300,000 years BP lasting.

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Pulicat Lake

Pulicat Lake is the second largest brackish water lake or lagoon in India, after Chilika Lake.

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Pulli settlement

Pulli settlement, located on the right bank of the Pärnu River, is the oldest known human settlement in Estonia.

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Pumapunku

Pumapunku or Puma Punku (Aymara and Quechua puma cougar, puma, punku door, Hispanicized Puma Puncu) is part of a large temple complex or monument group that is part of the Tiwanaku Site near Tiwanaku, in western Bolivia.

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Pumpkin Creek Site

The Pumpkin Creek Site (Lv-49) is an archaeological site dating from the Archaic period in northern Love County, Oklahoma, which is along Oklahoma's border with Texas.

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Puyehue-Cordón Caulle

Puyehue and Cordón Caulle are two coalesced volcanic edifices that form a major mountain massif in Puyehue National Park in the Andes of Ranco Province, in the South of Chile.

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Qafzeh cave

Qafzeh cave, also known as Kedumim cave or Ha'kfitza cave, is a prehistoric archaeological site located at the bottom of Mount Precipice (Hebrew: הר קדומים, "Har Kedumim"), south of Nazareth.

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Qaqortoq

Qaqortoq, formerly Julianehåb, is a town in the Kujalleq municipality in southern Greenland, located near Cape Thorvaldsen.

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Qillqatani

Qillqatani (Aymara qillqaña to write, -ta a suffix to indicate the participle, -ni a suffix to indicate ownership, "the one with something written", Hispanicized Qelqatani, Quelcatani) is an archaeological site in Peru.

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Quaternary extinction event

The Quaternary period saw the extinctions of numerous predominantly megafaunal species, which resulted in a collapse in faunal density and diversity, and the extinction of key ecological strata across the globe.

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Quetrupillán

Quetrupillán is a stratovolcano located in the La Araucanía Region of Chile.

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Quipile

Quipile is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Tequendama Province of the department of Cundinamarca.

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Radiocarbon dating

Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.

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Rancholabrean

The Rancholabrean North American Land Mammal Age on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from less than 240,000 years to 11,000 years BP, a period of.

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Ravine des Casoars

Ravine des Casoars (English: Ravine of the Cassowaries) is a gorge and an associated drainage basin in the Australian state of South Australia located on the west coast of Kangaroo Island about west of Kingscote.

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Ravine des Casoars Wilderness Protection Area

Ravine Des Casoars Wilderness Protection Area is a protected area located on the west end of Kangaroo Island in South Australia about west of Kingscote.

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Raymonden

Raymonden is a prehistoric cave near Chancelade in the French département Dordogne.

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Reclus (volcano)

Reclus (named after Élisée Reclus; sometimes confused with Cerro Mano del Diablo southwest of Reclus), also written as Reclús, is a volcano located in the Southern Patagonia Ice Field, Chile.

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Red junglefowl

The red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) is a tropical member of the family Phasianidae.

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Red Lady of Paviland

The Red Lady of Paviland is a male Upper Paleolithic partial skeleton dyed in red ochre and buried in Britain 33,000 BP.

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Renewable energy in the United Kingdom

Renewable energy in the United Kingdom can be divided into the generation of renewable electricity, the generation of renewable heat and renewable energy use in the transport sector.

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Rhünda Skull

The Rhünda Skull is a fossil human skull that was found just outside the village of Rhünda in North Hesse, Germany.

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Rheinfelden

Rheinfelden (Rhyfälde) is a municipality in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland, seat of the district of Rheinfelden.

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Rhine

--> The Rhine (Rhenus, Rein, Rhein, le Rhin,, Italiano: Reno, Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the German Rhineland and the Netherlands and eventually empties into the North Sea.

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Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice).

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Ringed seal

The ringed seal (Pusa hispida or Phoca hispida), also known as the jar seal and as netsik or nattiq by the Inuit, is an earless seal (family: Phocidae) inhabiting the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions.

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Ripari Villabruna

Ripari Villabruna is a small rock shelter in northern Italy with neolithic burial remains.

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River Mole

The River Mole is a tributary of the River Thames in southern England.

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River Trent

The River Trent is the third-longest river in the United Kingdom.

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Roaring Brook sites

Roaring Brook I Site and Roaring Brook II Site are two Middle to Late Woodland Period archeological sites in East Haddam, Connecticut, that were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

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Roc-aux-Sorciers

Roc-aux-Sorciers is an Upper Paleolithic rock shelter site dating to the mid-Magdalenian cultural stage, ca 14,000 yBP, made famous by its relief wall carvings.

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Rochereil

Rochereil is a prehistoric cave near Lisle in the French département Dordogne.

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Roddon

A roddon, also written as rodham, roddam or rodden, is the dried raised bed of a watercourse such as a river or tidal-creek, especially in The Fens in eastern England.

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Romito Cave

The Romito cave (Grotta del Romito is a natural limestone cave in the Lao Valley of Pollino National Park, near the town of Papasidero in Calabria, Italy. Stratigraphic record of the first excavation confirmed prolonged paleo-human occupation during the Upper Paleolithic since 17,000 years ago and the Neolithic since 6,400 years ago. A single, but exquisite piece of Upper Paleolithic parietal rock engraving was documented. Several burial sites of varying age were initially discovered. Irregularly recurring sessions have led to additional finds, which suggests future excavation work. Notable is the amount of accumulated data that has revealed deeper understanding of prehistoric daily life, the remarkable quality of the rock carvings and the burial named Romito 2, who exhibits features of pathological skeletal conditions (dwarfism).

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Rossville points

Rossville points are a type of arrowhead first recognized as a unique Native American cultural indicator in 1909 by archaeologists of the American Museum of Natural History.

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Rottnest Island

Rottnest Island (known as Wadjemup to the local Noongar people, and otherwise colloquially known as Rotto) is an island off the coast of Western Australia, located west of Fremantle.

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Rouffignac Cave

The Rouffignac cave, in the French commune of Rouffignac-Saint-Cernin-de-Reilhac in the Dordogne département, contains over 250 engravings and cave paintings dating back to the Upper Paleolithic.

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Ruhpolding Formation

The Ruhpolding Formation is a sedimentary formation of the Northern Calcareous Alps deposited during the Upper Jurassic.

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Ryukyuan people

The; also Lewchewan or) are the indigenous peoples of the Ryukyu Islands between the islands of Kyushu and Taiwan. Politically, they live in either Okinawa Prefecture or Kagoshima Prefecture. Their languages make up the Ryukyuan languages, considered to be one of the two branches of the Japonic language family, the other being Japanese and its dialects. Ryukyuans are not a recognized minority group in Japan, as Japanese authorities consider them just a subgroup of the Japanese people, akin to the Yamato people and Ainu. Although unrecognized, Ryukyuans constitute the largest ethnolinguistic minority group in Japan, with 1.3 million living in Okinawa Prefecture alone. There is also a considerable Ryukyuan diaspora. As many as 600,000 more ethnic Ryukyuans and their descendants are dispersed elsewhere in Japan and worldwide; mostly in Hawaii and, to a lesser extent, in other territories where there is also a sizable Japanese diaspora. In the majority of countries, the Ryukyuan and Japanese diaspora are not differentiated so there are no reliable statistics for the former. Recent genetic and anthropological studies indicate that the Ryukyuans are significantly related to the Ainu people and share the ancestry with the indigenous prehistoric Jōmon period (pre 10,000–1,000 BCE) people, who arrived from Southeast Asia, and with the Yamato people who are mostly an admixture of the Yayoi period (1,000 BCE–300 CE) migrants from East Asia (specifically China and the Korean peninsula). The Ryukyuans have a specific culture with some matriarchal elements, native religion, and cuisine which had fairly late 12th century introduction of rice. The population lived on the islands in isolation for many centuries, and in the 14th century from the three divided Okinawan political polities emerged the Ryukyu Kingdom (1429–1879) which continued the maritime trade and tributary relations started in 1372 with Ming dynasty China. In 1609 the kingdom was invaded by Satsuma Domain which allowed its independence being in vassal status because the Tokugawa Japan was prohibited to trade with China, being in dual subordinate status between both China and Japan. During the Meiji period, the kingdom became Ryukyu Domain (1872–1879), after which it was politically annexed by the Empire of Japan. In 1879, after the annexation, the territory was reorganized as Okinawa Prefecture with the last king Shō Tai forcibly exiled to Tokyo. China renounced its claims to the islands in 1895. During this period, Okinawan ethnic identity, tradition, culture and language were suppressed by the Meiji government, which sought to assimilate the Ryukyuan people as Japanese (Yamato). After World War II, the Ryūkyū Islands were occupied by the United States between 1945–1950 and 1950–1972. During this time, there were many violations of human rights. Since the end of World War II, there exists strong resentment against the Japanese government and US military facilities stationed in Okinawa, as seen in the Ryukyu independence movement. United Nations special rapporteur on discrimination and racism Doudou Diène in his 2006 report, noted perceptible level of discrimination and xenophobia against the Ryukyuans, with the most serious discrimination they endure linked to their dislike of American military installations in the archipelago. An investigation into fundamental human rights was suggested.

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Sabana Formation

The Sabana Formation (Formación Sabana, Q1sa, QTs) is a geological formation of the Bogotá savanna, Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes.

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Sabancaya

Sabancaya is an active stratovolcano in the Andes of southern Peru, about northwest of Arequipa.

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Saber-toothed cat

A saber-toothed cat (alternatively spelled sabre-toothed cat) is any member of various extinct groups of predatory mammals that were characterized by long, curved saber-shaped canine teeth.

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Saint-Mathieu Dome

The Saint-Mathieu dome is a dome-like upwarp in the metamorphic basement of the northwestern French Massif Central.

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San Antonio del Tequendama

San Antonio del Tequendama is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Tequendama Province part of the department of Cundinamarca.

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San Dieguito Complex

The San Dieguito Complex is an archaeological pattern left by early Holocene inhabitants of Southern California and surrounding portions of the Southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.

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San Pedro (Chile volcano)

San Pedro is a Holocene composite volcano in northern Chile and one of the tallest active volcanoes in the world.

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Sangamonian

The Sangamonian Stage (or Sangamon interglacial) is the term used in North America to designate the last interglacial.

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Santorini caldera

Santorini caldera is a large, mostly submerged caldera, located in the southern Aegean Sea, 120 kilometers north of Crete in Greece.

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Sarek National Park

Sarek National Park (Sareks nationalpark) is a national park in Jokkmokk Municipality, Lapland in northern Sweden.

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Satsurblia Cave

Satsurblia Cave is a paleoanthropological site located near Kumistavi village, Tskaltubo district, in the Imereti region of Georgia.

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Sawtooth National Recreation Area

The Sawtooth National Recreation Area (SNRA) is a National Recreation Area located in central Idaho, United States that is managed as part of Sawtooth National Forest.

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Söderåsen

Söderåsen is a northwest-southwest elongated bedrock ridge in Scania in southern Sweden.

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Scandinavian Mountains

The Scandinavian Mountains or the Scandes is a mountain range that runs through the Scandinavian Peninsula.

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Sea level

Mean sea level (MSL) (often shortened to sea level) is an average level of the surface of one or more of Earth's oceans from which heights such as elevations may be measured.

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Semisulcospira libertina

Semisulcospira libertina is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Semisulcospiridae.

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Sequence stratigraphy

Sequence stratigraphy is a branch of geology that attempts to subdivide and link sedimentary deposits into unconformity bound units on a variety of scales and explain these stratigraphic units in terms of variations in sediment supply and variations in the rate of change in accommodation space (often associated with changes in relative sea level).

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Settlement of the Americas

Paleolithic hunter-gatherers first entered North America from the North Asian Mammoth steppe via the Beringia land bridge which had formed between northeastern Siberia and western Alaska due to the lowering of sea level during the Last Glacial Maximum.

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Shark Bay

Shark Bay is a World Heritage Site in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia.

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Sheep Mountain Range Archeological District

Sheep Mountain Range Archeological District is an archeological site, located in Clark County, Nevada, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

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Sheguiandah

Sheguiandah is a Paleo-Indian archaeological site on the northeastern shore of Manitoulin Island, Manitoulin District, Ontario, Canada.

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Shell gorget

Shell gorgets are a Native American art form of polished, carved shell pendants worn around the neck.

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Shell ring

Shell rings are archaeological sites with curved shell middens completely or partially surrounding a clear space.

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Shelter Cave

Shelter Cave is an archaeological and paleontological site located in Doña Ana County, New Mexico.

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Shiraho Saonetabaru Cave Ruins

is an paleoanthropological site located on Ishigaki Island of the Yaeyama Islands in Japan.

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Short Woods Park Mound

The Short Woods Park Mound is a Native American mound in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Sibudu Cave

Sibudu Cave is a rock shelter in a sandstone cliff in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

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Skerryvore

Skerryvore (from the Gaelic An Sgeir Mhòr meaning "The Great Skerry") is a remote reef that lies off the west coast of Scotland, 12 miles (19 kilometres) south-west of the island of Tiree.

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Skull cup

A skull cup is a drinking vessel or eating bowl made from an inverted human calvaria that has been cut away from the rest of the skull.

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Sky burial

Sky burial (lit. "bird-scattered") is a funeral practice in which a human corpse is placed on a mountaintop to decompose while exposed to the elements or to be eaten by scavenging animals, especially carrion birds.

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Slovenia

Slovenia (Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene:, abbr.: RS), is a country in southern Central Europe, located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes.

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Soatá Formation

The Soatá Formation (Formación Soatá) is a geological formation of the northern Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes.

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Socompa

Socompa is a large stratovolcano at the border of Argentina and Chile.

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Sollipulli

Sollipulli (in the Mapuche language) is an ice-filled volcanic caldera and volcanic complex, which lies southeast of the small town of Melipeuco in the La Araucanía Region, Chile.

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Solutrean

The Solutrean industry is a relatively advanced flint tool-making style of the Upper Palaeolithic of the Final Gravettian, from around 22,000 to 17,000 BP.

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Sopkarga mammoth

The Sopkarga mammoth, alternately spelled Sopkarginsky mammoth, and informally called Zhenya, after the nickname of its discoverer, is a wooly mammoth carcass found in October 2012.

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Southern Andean Volcano Observatory

The Southern Andean Volcano Observatory (Spanish: Observatorio Volcanológico de los Andes del Sur), also known by its acronyms as OVDAS, is part of Red Nacional de Vigilancia Volcánica, a program of the Chilean National Geology and Mining Service to watch the 43 most dangerous volcanoes of Chile.

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Spanish conquest of the Muisca

The Spanish conquest of the Muisca took place from 1537 to 1540.

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Spanish Fort Site (Holly Bluff, Mississippi)

The Spanish Fort Site (22-SH-500) is an archaeological site in the Delta region of the U.S. state of Mississippi.

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Spear

A spear is a pole weapon consisting of a shaft, usually of wood, with a pointed head.

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Spy Cave

Spy Cave (Grotte de Spy) is located near Spy in the municipality of Jemeppe-sur-Sambre, province of Namur, Belgium above the left bank of the Orneau River.

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St Lythans burial chamber

The St Lythans burial chamber (Siambr Gladdu Llwyneliddon) is a single stone megalithic dolmen, built around 6,000 BP (before present) as part of a chambered long barrow, during the mid Neolithic period, in what is now known as the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales.

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St. Mary Reservoir

St.

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Stanner Rocks

Stanner Rocks is a rounded hill, steep in parts, which lies close to the Wales border with England between Walton and Kington.

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Stegomastodon

Stegomastodon ('roof breast tooth') is an extinct genus of gomphothere, a family of proboscideans.

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Stout-legged wren

The stout-legged wren or Yaldwin's wren (Pachyplichas yaldwyni) is an extinct species of New Zealand wren, a family of small birds endemic to New Zealand.

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Straight-tusked elephant

The straight-tusked elephant (Palaeoloxodon antiquus) is an extinct species of elephant that inhabited Europe during the Middle and Late Pleistocene (781,000–50,000 years before present).

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Suba, Bogotá

Suba is the 11th locality of Bogotá, capital of Colombia.

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Subatlantic

The Subatlantic is the current climatic age of the Holocene epoch.

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Subfossil lemur

Subfossil lemurs are lemurs from Madagascar that are represented by recent (subfossil) remains dating from nearly 26,000 years ago to approximately 560 years ago (from the late Pleistocene until the Holocene).

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Subspecies of Canis lupus

Canis lupus has 38 subspecies listed in the taxonomic authority Mammal Species of the World, 2005 edition.

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Sunda Arc

The Sunda Arc is a volcanic arc that produced the islands of Sumatra and Java, the Sunda Strait and the Lesser Sunda Islands.

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Sunda Shelf

Geologically, the Sunda Shelf is a southeast extension of the continental shelf of Southeast Asia.

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Suwannee point

The Suwannee point is a large unfluted lanceolate Paleo-Indians projectile point that features a recurvate profile with a slightly narrowed waist and a convex base.

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Taal Volcano

Taal Volcano (Bulkang Taal) is a complex volcano located on the island of Luzon in the Philippines.

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Tahuata rail

The Tahuata rail (Gallirallus roletti) is an extinct species of flightless bird in the Rallidae, or rail family.

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Talpanas

Talpanas lippa, the Kauaʻi mole duck, is an extinct species of duck.

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Tam Pa Ling Cave

Tam Pa Ling (Cave of the Monkeys) is a cave in the Annamite Mountains in north-eastern Laos.

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Tanquary Fiord

Tanquary Fiord or Greely Fiord is a fjord on the north coast of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago's Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada.

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Tao-Rusyr Caldera

Tao-Rusyr Caldera (Тао-Русыр) is a stratovolcano located at the southern end of Onekotan Island, Kuril Islands, Russia.

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Tassili n'Ajjer

Tassili n'Ajjer (Tasili n Ajjer, طاسيلي ناجر; "Plateau of the Rivers") is a national park in the Sahara desert, located on a vast plateau in south-east Algeria.

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Tata Sabaya

Tata Sabaya is a high volcano in Bolivia.

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Taunshits

Taunshits (Тауншиц) is a stratovolcano located in the eastern part of Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia.

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Téviec

Téviec or Théviec is an island situated to the west of the isthmus of the peninsula of Quiberon, near Saint-Pierre-Quiberon in Brittany, France.

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Techo, Bogotá

Techo is a neighbourhood (barrio) of Bogotá, Colombia, part of the locality Kennedy.

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Tell Abu Hureyra

Tell Abu Hureyra (تل أبو هريرة) is an archaeological site in the Euphrates valley in modern Syria.

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Tequendama

Tequendama is a preceramic and ceramic archaeological site located southeast of Soacha, Cundinamarca, Colombia, a couple of kilometers east of Tequendama Falls.

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Tham Lod rockshelter

Tham Lod Rockshelter (เพิงผาถ้ำลอด), first researched by Rasmi Shoocongdej from Silpakorn University, funded by the Thai Research Fund, was a prehistoric cemetery and a workshop located in Northern Thailand known to have human inhabitants from the late Pleistocene to the late Holocene periodShoocongdej, R. (2006).

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The Clan of the Cave Bear

The Clan of the Cave Bear is an epic historical novel by Jean M. Auel about prehistoric times.

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The Ensworth School

The Ensworth School is a private school located on two separate campuses in Nashville, Tennessee.

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Tibet

Tibet is a historical region covering much of the Tibetan Plateau in Central Asia.

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Tibitó

Tibitó is the second-oldest dated archaeological site on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Colombia.

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Ticsani

Ticsani is a volcano in Peru.

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Tiffanian

The Tiffanian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 60,200,000 to 56,800,000 years BP lasting.

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Timeline of Cape Verde before 1456

This is a timeline of the islands now known as Cape Verde before its discovery in 1456.

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Timeline of Fogo, Cape Verde

The following is a timeline of the island of Fogo, Cape Verde.

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Timeline of Iberian prehistory

No description.

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Timeline of non-sexual social nudity

No description.

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Timeline of prehistoric Scotland

This timeline of prehistoric Scotland is a chronologically ordered list of important archaeological sites in Scotland and of major events affecting Scotland's human inhabitants and culture during the prehistoric period.

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Timeline of Santiago, Cape Verde

The following is a timeline of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde.

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Timeline of volcanism on Earth

This timeline of volcanism on Earth is a list of major volcanic eruptions of approximately at least magnitude 6 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) or equivalent sulfur dioxide emission around the Quaternary period.

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Tinkinswood

Tinkinswood or its full name Tinkinswood Burial Chamber (Siambr Gladdu Tinkinswood), also known as Castell Carreg, Llech-y-Filiast and Maes-y-Filiast, is a megalithic burial chamber, built around 6,000 BP (before Present), during the Neolithic period, in the Vale of Glamorgan, near Cardiff, Wales.

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Tiwi Islands

The Tiwi Islands are part of the Northern Territory, Australia, 80 km to the north of Darwin where the Arafura Sea joins the Timor Sea.

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Tlapacoya (archeological site)

Tlapacoya is an important archaeological site in Mexico, located at the foot of the Tlapacoya volcano, southeast of Mexico City, on the former shore of Lake Chalco.

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Toba catastrophe theory

The Toba supereruption was a supervolcanic eruption that occurred about 75,000 years ago at the site of present-day Lake Toba in Sumatra, Indonesia.

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Tocancipá

Tocancipá is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Central Savanna Province, part of the department of Cundinamarca.

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Tolmachev Dol

Tolmachev Dol (Толмачев Дол) (Tolmachev Plateau) is a volcanic highland located in the southern part of Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, northeast of Opala volcano.

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Tomatillo

The tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica and Physalis ixocarpa), also known as the Mexican husk tomato, is a plant of the nightshade family bearing small, spherical and green or green-purple fruit of the same name.

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Torrejonian

The Torrejonian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 63,300,000 to 60,200,000 years BP lasting.

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Tosham Hill range

Tosham hill (Tusham hill old spelling), located at Tosham, with an average elevation of 207 meters (679 feet), and the rocks exposed in and around Tosham hills are part of subsurface north western spur of Alwar group of Delhi supergroup of Aravalli Mountain Range, belong to the Precambrian Malani igneous suite of rocks and have been dated at 732 Ma BP (million years before present).

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Toussidé

Toussidé (also known as Tarso Toussidé) is a potentially active volcano in Chad.

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Tripura

Tripura 'ত্রিপুরা (Bengali)' is a state in Northeast India.

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Tsiigehtchic

Tsiigehtchic ("mouth of the iron river"), officially the Charter Community of Tsiigehtchic, is a Gwich’in community located at the confluence of the Mackenzie and the Arctic Red River, in the Inuvik Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada.

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Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area

Two Creeks Buried Forest State Natural Area is a site in the Wisconsin State Natural Areas Program and a unit of the Ice Age National Scientific Reserve.

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Tyrol

Tyrol (historically the Tyrole, Tirol, Tirolo) is a historical region in the Alps; in northern Italy and western Austria.

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Tyrrell Sea

The Tyrrell Sea, named after Canadian geologist Joseph Tyrrell, is another name for prehistoric Hudson Bay, namely as it existed during the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet.

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Ua Huka rail

The Ua Huka rail (Gallirallus gracilitibia) is an extinct species of flightless bird in the Rallidae, or rail family.

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Uintan

The Uintan North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 46,200,000 to 42,000,000 years BP lasting.

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Untermassfeld fossil site

The Untermassfeld fossil site is a palaeontological site in Thuringia, Germany.

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Upper Paleolithic

The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic, Late Stone Age) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.

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Upward Sun River site

The Upward Sun River site, or Xaasaa Na’, is a Late Pleistocene archaeological site associated with the Paleo-Arctic Tradition, located in the Tanana River Valley, Alaska.

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Uranium–uranium dating

Uranium–uranium dating is a radiometric dating technique which compares two isotopes of uranium (U) in a sample: uranium-234 (234U) and uranium-238 (238U).

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Ust'-Ishim man

Ust'-Ishim man is the term given to the 45,000-year-old remains of one of the early modern humans to inhabit western Siberia.

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Valles Caldera

Valles Caldera (or Jemez Caldera) is a wide volcanic caldera in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico.

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Vargas tragedy

The 1999 Vargas tragedy was a disaster that struck the Vargas State of Venezuela on 15 December 1999, when the torrential rains and the flash floods and debris flows that followed on December 14–16 which killed tens of thousands of people, destroyed thousands of homes, and led to the complete collapse of the state's infrastructure.

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Vashon Glaciation

The Vashon Glaciation or Vashon Stade is a local term for the most recent period of very cold climate in which during its peak, glaciers covered the entire Puget Sound and Strait of Juan de Fuca as well as present day Seattle, Tacoma, Olympia and other surrounding areas.

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Venus of Brassempouy

The Venus of Brassempouy (French: la Dame de Brassempouy, meaning "Lady of Brassempouy", or Dame à la Capuche, "Lady with the Hood") is a fragmentary ivory figurine from the Upper Palaeolithic.

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Venus of Lespugue

The Venus of Lespugue is a Venus figurine, a statuette of a nude female figure of the Gravettian, dated to between 26,000 and 24,000 years ago.

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Venus of Savignano

The Venus of Savignano is a Venus figurine made from soft greenstone (serpentine) dating back to the Upper Paleolithic, which was discovered in 1925 near Savignano sul Panaro in the Province of Modena, Italy.

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Victorian Aborigines

Victorian Aborigines, the indigenous Australians of Victoria, Australia, occupied the land for tens of thousands of years prior to European settlement.

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Viedma (volcano)

Viedma is a subglacial volcano located below the ice of the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, an area disputed between Argentina and Chile.

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Vietnamese people

The Vietnamese people or the Kinh people (người Việt or người Kinh), are an ethnic group originating from present-day northern Vietnam.

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Villars Cave

The Villars Cave, in French Grotte de Villars or Grotte du Cluzeau, was occupied during the Lower Magdalenian by Cro-Magnon hunter-gatherers.

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Vindija Cave

Vindija Cave is an archaeological site associated with Neanderthals and modern humans, located in the municipality of Donja Voća, northern Croatia.

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Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas

Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas encompasses the visual artistic traditions of the indigenous peoples of the Americas from ancient times to the present.

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Wadi Jilat

Wadi Jilat is a seasonal stream (wadi) in the Badia of eastern Jordan.

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Wairarapa Fault

The Wairarapa Fault is an active seismic fault in the southern part of the North Island of New Zealand.

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Wales

Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain.

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Wasatchian

The Wasatchian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 55,400,000 to 50,300,000 years BP lasting.

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Waw an Namus

Waw an Namus (also spelled Wau-en-Namus, واو الناموس) is a volcano in Libya.

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Weichselian glaciation

"Weichselian glaciation" is the local name of the last glacial period and its associated glaciation in Northern Europe.

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Wellington Fault

The Wellington Fault is an active seismic fault in the southern part of the North Island of New Zealand.

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Wenvoe

Wenvoe (Gwenfô) is a Welsh village and community between Barry and Cardiff in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales.

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Werehpai

Werehpai is an archaeological site in Suriname consisting of several caves containing petroglyphs of pre-Columbian origin.

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West Africa

West Africa, also called Western Africa and the West of Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa.

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West Crater

West Crater is a small lava dome with associated lava flows in southern Washington, United States.

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West Virginia

West Virginia is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States.

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Whitneyan

The Whitneyan North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 33,300,000 to 30,800,000 years BP, a period of.

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William Buckland

William Buckland DD, FRS (12 March 1784 – 14 August 1856) was an English theologian who became Dean of Westminster.

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Williams Cone

Williams Cone is a satellite cone of Mount Edziza, located 36 kilometers east of Telegraph Creek.

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Windover Archeological Site

The Windover Archeological Site is an Early Archaic (6000 to 5000 BC) archaeological site and National Historic Landmark in Brevard County near Titusville, Florida, USA, on the central east coast of the state.

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Wood Lake (British Columbia)

Wood Lake is a lake in a chain of five major lakes which occupies portions of the Okanagan Valley in the interior of British Columbia, Canada.

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Wurundjeri

The Wurundjeri are a people of the Indigenous Australian nation of the Wurundjeri language group, in the Kulin alliance.

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Xalnene Tuff footprints

The Xalnene Tuff footprints are a geological academic controversy, concerning a 2005 discovery of 269 markings in a geological layer in the Valsequillo Basin (es:Cuenca del Valsequillo) south of the city of Puebla, Mexico, which were originally interpreted to be human and animal footprints.

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Xerocrassa geyeri

Xerocrassa geyeri.

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Xi'an

Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province, China.

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Xinglonggou

Xinglonggou is a Neolithic through Bronze Age archaeological site complex consisting of three separate sites.

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Xinhui District

Xinhui, formerly romanized as Sunwui and also known as Kuixiang, is an urban district of Jiangmen in Guangdong, China.

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Year

A year is the orbital period of the Earth moving in its orbit around the Sun.

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Yell, Shetland

Yell is one of the North Isles of Shetland, Scotland.

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Yingpu Culture

The Yingpu Culture was a late Neolithic (3500 BP - 2000 BP) culture centered on the central-west region of Taiwan.

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Yosemite National Park

Yosemite National Park is an American national park lying in the western Sierra Nevada of California.

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Younger Dryas

The Younger Dryas (c. 12,900 to c. 11,700 years BP) was a return to glacial conditions which temporarily reversed the gradual climatic warming after the Last Glacial Maximum started receding around 20,000 BP.

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Younger Dryas impact hypothesis

The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis or Clovis comet hypothesis originally proposed that a large air burst or earth impact of one or more comets initiated the Younger Dryas cold period about 12,900 BP calibrated (10,900 14C uncalibrated) years ago.

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Yucamane

Yucamane, Yucamani or Yucumane is an andesitic stratovolcano in the Tacna Region of southern Peru.

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Zafarraya

Zafarraya is a municipality in the province of Granada, Spain, with a population of 2,200 (2003).

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Zengpiyan

Zengpiyan is a Neolithic cave site in southern China.

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Zhiren Cave

Zhiren Cave is a karstic cave in the Mulan Mountains that overlooks the Hejiang River in Chongzuo, Guangxi, China.

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Zino's petrel

The Zino's petrel or freira (Pterodroma madeira) is a small seabird in the gadfly petrel genus which is endemic to the island of Madeira.

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Zipacón

Zipacón is a municipality and town of Colombia in the Western Savanna Province, part of the department of Cundinamarca.

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1257 Samalas eruption

The 1257 Samalas eruption was a major eruption of the Samalas volcano, next to Mount Rinjani on Lombok Island in Indonesia.

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1974 in archaeology

The year 1974 in archaeology involved some significant events.

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1976 in paleontology

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.

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1977 in paleontology

No description.

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1979 in paleontology

No description.

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1989 in paleontology

German paleontologist and stratigrapher Heinz Walter Kozur (1942-2013) described the conodont genus Mesogondolella.

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2001 in archaeology

No description.

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2001 in science

The year 2001 in science and technology involved many events, some of which are included below.

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2004 in archaeology

The year 2004 in archaeology included many events, some of which are listed below.

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2007 in archaeology

The year 2007 in archaeology.

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2010 Central Canada earthquake

The 2010 Central Canada earthquake occurred with a moment magnitude of 5.0 in Central Canada on 23 June at about 13:41:41 EDT and lasted about 30 seconds.

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2010 in archaeology

The year 2010 in archaeology.

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2010 Mount Meager landslide

The 2010 Mount Meager landslide was a large catastrophic debris avalanche that occurred in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, on August 6 at 3:27 a.m. PDT (UTC-7).

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2011 in archaeology

The year 2011 in archaeology.

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2017 in science

A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2017.

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4.2 kiloyear event

The 4.2-kiloyear BP aridification event was one of the most severe climatic events of the Holocene period.

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5.9 kiloyear event

A satellite image of the Sahara. The Congolese rainforests lie to its south. The 5.9-kiloyear event was one of the most intense aridification events during the Holocene.

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8.2 kiloyear event

In climatology, the 8.2-kiloyear event was a sudden decrease in global temperatures that occurred approximately 8,200 years before the present, or c. 6,200 BC, and which lasted for the next two to four centuries.

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Redirects here:

BP cal, BP calibrated, Before Physics, Before Present Era, Before present, Before present day, Before the Present Era, Cal BP, Calibrated BP, Calibrated YBP, Geology timeline, Lookback time, Present Era, YBP, Ybp, Years BP, Years before present.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Before_Present