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Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome

Index Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome

Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome—often abbreviated to benzo withdrawal—is the cluster of symptoms that emerge when a person who has taken benzodiazepines, either medically or recreationally, and has developed a physical dependence undergoes dosage reduction or discontinuation. [1]

90 relations: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome, Alcoholism, Alprazolam, Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome, Anxiolytic, Baclofen, Barbiturate, Benzodiazepine, Benzodiazepine dependence, Benzodiazepine use disorder, Blepharospasm, Bromazepam, Brotizolam, Buspirone, BWS, Captodiame, Catatonia, Chlordiazepoxide, Clobazam, Clonazepam, Clorazepate, Delirium, Delirium tremens, Depersonalization, Depressant, Derealization, Diazepam, Drug withdrawal, Effects of long-term benzodiazepine use, Estazolam, Ethchlorvynol, Etizolam, Excitotoxicity, Fasciculation, Flumazenil, Flunitrazepam, Flurazepam, Formication, Fosazepam, Gamma-Butyrolactone, Generalized anxiety disorder, Hyperosmia, Hypotonia, ICD-10 Chapter V: Mental and behavioural disorders, Insomnia, Ketazolam, Kindling (sedative–hypnotic withdrawal), List of benzodiazepines, List of diseases (B), List of mental disorders, ..., List of syndromes, Loprazolam, Lorazepam, Lormetazepam, Medazepam, Midazolam, Mood disorder, Nitrazepam, Nonbenzodiazepine, Nordazepam, Opioid use disorder, Organic brain syndrome, Oxazepam, Panic disorder, Paresthesia, Phenazepam, Phenobarbital, Pheochromocytoma, Physical dependence, Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome, Posttraumatic stress disorder, Prazepam, Premazepam, Progesterone (medication), Quazepam, Quinolone antibiotic, Rebound effect, Restless legs syndrome, Sedative, Self-harm, Social anxiety disorder, Substance-induced psychosis, Sympathomimetic drug, Temazepam, Tetrazepam, Tinnitus, Tremor, Withdrawal syndrome, Zolpidem, Zopiclone. Expand index (40 more) »

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a set of symptoms that can occur following a reduction in alcohol use after a period of excessive use.

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Alcoholism

Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems.

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Alprazolam

Alprazolam, available under the trade name Xanax, is a potent, short-acting benzodiazepine anxiolytic—a minor tranquilizer.

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Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome

Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome is a condition that can occur following the interruption, dose reduction, or discontinuation of antidepressant drugs, including selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).

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Anxiolytic

An anxiolytic (also antipanic or antianxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that inhibits anxiety.

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Baclofen

Baclofen, sold under the brand name Lioresal among others, is a medication used to treat spasticity.

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Barbiturate

A barbiturate is a drug that acts as a central nervous system depressant, and can therefore produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to death.

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Benzodiazepine

Benzodiazepines (BZD, BZs), sometimes called "benzos", are a class of psychoactive drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring.

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Benzodiazepine dependence

Benzodiazepine dependence or benzodiazepine addiction is when one has developed one or more of either tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, drug seeking behaviors, such as continued use despite harmful effects, and maladaptive pattern of substance use, according to the DSM-IV.

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Benzodiazepine use disorder

Benzodiazepine use disorder, also called misuse or abuse, is the use of benzodiazepines without a prescription, often for recreational purposes, which poses risks of dependence, withdrawal and other long-term effects.

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Blepharospasm

Blepharospasm is any abnormal contraction or twitch of the eyelid.

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Bromazepam

Bromazepam (marketed under several brand names, including Lectopam, Lexotan, Lexilium, Lexaurin, Brazepam, Rekotnil, Bromaze, Somalium and Lexotanil) is a benzodiazepine derivative drug, patented by Roche in 1963 and developed clinically in the 1970s.

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Brotizolam

Brotizolam (marketed under brand name Lendormin) is a sedative-hypnotic thienotriazolodiazepine drug which is a benzodiazepine analog.

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Buspirone

Buspirone, sold under the brand name Buspar, is an anxiolytic drug that is primarily used to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

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BWS

BWS may mean.

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Captodiame

Captodiame (INN), also known as captodiamine, is an antihistamine sold under the trade names Covatine, Covatix, and Suvren which is used as a sedative and anxiolytic.

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Catatonia

Catatonia is a state of psycho-motor immobility and behavioral abnormality manifested by stupor.

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Chlordiazepoxide

Chlordiazepoxide, trade name Librium, is a sedative and hypnotic medication of the benzodiazepine class; it is used to treat anxiety, insomnia and withdrawal symptoms from alcohol and/or drug abuse.

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Clobazam

Clobazam (marketed under the brand names Frisium, Urbanol, Onfi and Tapclob) is a benzodiazepine class medication that has been marketed as an anxiolytic since 1975 and an anticonvulsant since 1984.

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Clonazepam

Clonazepam, sold under the brand name Klonopin among others, is a medication used to prevent and treat seizures, panic disorder, and for the movement disorder known as akathisia.

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Clorazepate

Clorazepate, sold under the brand names Tranxene among others, is a benzodiazepine medication.

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Delirium

Delirium, also known as acute confusional state, is an organically caused decline from a previously baseline level of mental function.

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Delirium tremens

Delirium tremens (DTs) is a rapid onset of confusion usually caused by withdrawal from alcohol.

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Depersonalization

Depersonalization can consist of a detachment within the self, regarding one's mind or body, or being a detached observer of oneself.

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Depressant

A depressant, or central depressant, is a drug that lowers neurotransmission levels, which is to depress or reduce arousal or stimulation, in various areas of the brain.

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Derealization

Derealization (sometimes abbreviated as DR) is an alteration in the perception or experience of the external world so that it seems unreal.

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Diazepam

Diazepam, first marketed as Valium, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that typically produces a calming effect.

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Drug withdrawal

Drug withdrawal is the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in intake of medications or recreational drugs.

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Effects of long-term benzodiazepine use

The effects of long-term benzodiazepine use include drug dependence as well as the possibility of adverse effects on cognitive function, physical health, and mental health.

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Estazolam

Estazolam (desmethylalprazolam, marketed under the brand names ProSom, Eurodin, Nuctalon) is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by Upjohn in the 1970s.

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Ethchlorvynol

Ethchlorvynol is a GABA-ergic sedative and hypnotic/soporific medication developed by Pfizer in the 1950s.

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Etizolam

Etizolam (marketed under the brand name Etilaam, Etizola, Sedekopan, Etizest, Pasaden or Depas) is a benzodiazepine analog.

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Excitotoxicity

Excitotoxicity is the pathological process by which nerve cells are damaged or killed by excessive stimulation by neurotransmitters such as glutamate and similar substances.

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Fasciculation

A fasciculation, or muscle twitch, is a small, local, involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation which may be visible under the skin.

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Flumazenil

Flumazenil (also known as flumazepil, code name Ro 15-1788) is a selective benzodiazepine receptor antagonist available by injection and intranasal.

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Flunitrazepam

Flunitrazepam, also known as Rohypnol among other names, is an intermediate acting benzodiazepine used in some countries to treat severe insomnia and in fewer, early in anesthesia.

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Flurazepam

Flurazepam (marketed under the brand names Dalmane and Dalmadorm) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative.

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Formication

In medicine, formication is the sensation that resembles that of small insects crawling on (or under) the skin.

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Fosazepam

Fosazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative; it is a water soluble derivative of diazepam.

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Gamma-Butyrolactone

γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) is a hygroscopic colorless, water-miscible liquid with a weak characteristic odor.

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Generalized anxiety disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry, that is, apprehensive expectation about events or activities.

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Hyperosmia

Hyperosmia is an increased olfactory acuity (heightened sense of smell), usually caused by a lower threshold for odor.

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Hypotonia

Hypotonia, commonly known as floppy baby syndrome, is a state of low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to stretch in a muscle), often involving reduced muscle strength.

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ICD-10 Chapter V: Mental and behavioural disorders

ICD-10 is an international statistical classification produced by the World Health Organization.

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Insomnia

Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping.

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Ketazolam

Ketazolam (marketed under the brand names Anseren, Ansieten, Ansietil, Marcen, Sedatival, Sedotime, Solatran and Unakalm) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative.

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Kindling (sedative–hypnotic withdrawal)

Kindling due to substance withdrawal refers to the neurological condition which results from repeated withdrawal episodes from sedative–hypnotic drugs such as alcohol and benzodiazepines.

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List of benzodiazepines

The below tables contain a sample list of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine analogs that are commonly prescribed, with their basic pharmacological characteristics such as half-life and equivalent doses to other benzodiazepines also listed, along with their trade names and primary uses.

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List of diseases (B)

This is a list of diseases starting with the letter "B".

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List of mental disorders

The following is a list of mental disorders as defined by the DSM and ICD.

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List of syndromes

This is an alphabetically-sorted list of medical syndromes.

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Loprazolam

Loprazolam (triazulenone) marketed under the brand names Dormonoct, Havlane, Sonin and Somnovit, is a drug which is an imidazolobenzodiazepine derivative.

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Lorazepam

Lorazepam, sold under the brand name Ativan among others, is a benzodiazepine medication.

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Lormetazepam

Lormetazepam (INN), or methyl-lorazepam, marketed as Noctamid among others, is a drug which is a short to intermediate acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine derivative.

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Medazepam

Medazepam is a drug that is a benzodiazepine derivative.

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Midazolam

Midazolam, marketed under the trade name Versed, among others, is a medication used for anesthesia, procedural sedation, trouble sleeping, and severe agitation.

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Mood disorder

Mood disorder, also known as mood (affective) disorders, is a group of conditions where a disturbance in the person's mood is the main underlying feature.

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Nitrazepam

Nitrazepam (brand names Alodorm and Mogadon, among others) is a hypnotic drug of the benzodiazepine class used for short-term relief from severe, disabling anxiety and insomnia.

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Nonbenzodiazepine

Nonbenzodiazepines (sometimes referred to colloquially as "Z-drugs") are a class of psychoactive drugs that are very benzodiazepine-like in nature.

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Nordazepam

Nordazepam (INN; marketed under brand names Nordaz, Stilny, Madar, Vegesan, and Calmday; also known as nordiazepam, desoxydemoxepam, and desmethyldiazepam) is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative.

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Opioid use disorder

Opioid use disorder is a medical condition characterized by a problematic pattern of opioid use that causes clinically significant impairment or distress.

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Organic brain syndrome

An organic brain syndrome (OBS), also known as an organic brain disease/disorder (OBD), an organic mental syndrome (OMS), or an organic mental disorder (OMD), is a syndrome or disorder of mental function whose cause is alleged to be known as organic (physiologic) rather than purely of the mind.

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Oxazepam

Oxazepam is a short-to-intermediate-acting benzodiazepine.

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Panic disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by reoccurring unexpected panic attacks.

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Paresthesia

Paresthesia is an abnormal sensation such as tingling, tickling, pricking, numbness or burning of a person's skin with no apparent physical cause.

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Phenazepam

Phenazepam (also known in Russia as bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine) is a benzodiazepine drug, which was developed in the Soviet Union in 1975, and now produced in Russia and some CIS countries.

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Phenobarbital

Phenobarbital, also known as phenobarbitone or phenobarb, is a medication recommended by the World Health Organization for the treatment of certain types of epilepsy in developing countries.

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Pheochromocytoma

Pheochromocytoma (PCC) is a neuroendocrine tumor of the medulla of the adrenal glands (originating in the chromaffin cells), or extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue that failed to involute after birth, that secretes high amounts of catecholamines, mostly norepinephrine, plus epinephrine to a lesser extent.

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Physical dependence

Physical dependence is a physical condition caused by chronic use of a tolerance forming drug, in which abrupt or gradual drug withdrawal causes unpleasant physical symptoms.

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Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome

Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) describe a set of persistent impairments that occur after withdrawal from alcohol, opiates, benzodiazepines, antidepressants and other substances.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Acceptable variants of this term exist; see the Terminology section in this article.

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Prazepam

Prazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by Warner-Lambert in the 1960s.

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Premazepam

Premazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative.

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Progesterone (medication)

Progesterone is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone.

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Quazepam

Quazepam (marketed under brand names Doral, Dormalin) is a relatively long-acting benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by the Schering Corporation in the 1970s.

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Quinolone antibiotic

A quinolone antibiotic is any member of a large group of broad-spectrum bactericides that share a bicyclic core structure related to the compound 4-quinolone.

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Rebound effect

The rebound effect, or rebound phenomenon, is the emergence or re-emergence of symptoms that were either absent or controlled while taking a medication, but appear when that same medication is discontinued, or reduced in dosage.

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Restless legs syndrome

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a disorder that causes a strong urge to move one's legs.

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Sedative

A sedative or tranquilliser is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement.

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Self-harm

Self-harm, also known as self-injury, is defined as the intentional, direct injuring of body tissue, done without suicidal intentions.

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Social anxiety disorder

Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life.

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Substance-induced psychosis

Substance-induced psychosis (commonly known as toxic psychosis) is a form of substance use disorder where psychosis can be attributed to substance use.

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Sympathomimetic drug

Sympathomimetic drugs (also known as adrenergic drugs and adrenergic amines) are stimulant compounds which mimic the effects of endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system.

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Temazepam

Temazepam (brand names Restoril and Normison, among others) is an intermediate-acting 3-hydroxy hypnotic of the benzodiazepine class of psychoactive drugs.

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Tetrazepam

Tetrazepam (is marketed under the following brand names, Clinoxan, Epsipam, Myolastan, Musaril, Relaxam and Spasmorelax) is a benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and slightly hypnotic properties.

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Tinnitus

Tinnitus is the hearing of sound when no external sound is present.

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Tremor

A tremor is an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving oscillations or twitching movements of one or more body parts.

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Withdrawal syndrome

A withdrawal syndrome (also called a discontinuation syndrome) is a set of symptoms occurring in discontinuation or dosage reduction of some types of medications and recreational drugs.

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Zolpidem

Zolpidem, sold under the brand name Ambien, among others, is a sedative primarily used for the treatment of trouble sleeping.

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Zopiclone

--> Zopiclone (brand names Imovane, Zimovane, Dopareel) is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agent used in the treatment of insomnia.

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Benzo withdrawal, Benzodiazepine withdrawal, Benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms, Withdrawal from benzodiazepines, Withdrawal of Benzodiazepine, Withdrawal of benzodiazepines, Withdrawal syndrome from benzodiazepines, Xanax withdrawal.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine_withdrawal_syndrome

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