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Bismuth

Index Bismuth

Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. [1]

564 relations: A Soldier's Farewell, Abramovite, Abundance of elements in Earth's crust, Abundances of the elements (data page), Activation product, Aikinite, Albert Sézary, Alchemical symbol, Aleksite, Alfa-class submarine, Alkali metal, Alloy, Alloy steel, Almonty Industries, Aluminium alloy, Alveolar osteitis, Americium, Ames Project, Amphoterism, Antimicrobial properties of copper, Antimony, Antimony sulfate, Antimony telluride, Antimony triiodide, Arcubisite, Arsenical copper, Astatine, ATC code A07, ATC code C05, Atom, Atomic radii of the elements (data page), Atomic radius, Aurivillius phases, Autoignition temperature, Édouard Branly, Barnabas Wood, Barton Mine, Base metal, Bathurst Mining Camp, Bead test, Berggeschrey, Bergregal, Betterton–Kroll process, Betts electrolytic process, BI, Bibrocathol, BiCoNi Formation, Biebergemünd, Biggenden, Binary compounds of silicon, ..., Biraco, Bismabenzene, Bismacine, Bismanol, Bismite, Bismoclite, Bismole, Bismuth antimonide, Bismuth bronze, Bismuth chloride, Bismuth ferrite, Bismuth germanate, Bismuth hydroxide, Bismuth Indium, Bismuth oxychloride, Bismuth oxynitrate, Bismuth pentoxide, Bismuth phosphate process, Bismuth polycations, Bismuth selenide, Bismuth silicon oxide, Bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide, Bismuth subcarbonate, Bismuth subcitrate, Bismuth subcitrate/metronidazole/tetracycline, Bismuth subgallate, Bismuth subsalicylate, Bismuth telluride, Bismuth titanate, Bismuth tribromide, Bismuth trifluoride, Bismuth vanadate, Bismuth(III) acetate, Bismuth(III) iodide, Bismuth(III) nitrate, Bismuth(III) oxide, Bismuth(III) sulfide, Bismuth-209, Bismuthate, Bismuthia, Bismuthide, Bismuthine, Bismuthinite, Bismutite, Boiling points of the elements (data page), Bolivia, New South Wales, Bond length, Bottom-blown oxygen converter, Bradwall, Brazing, Brent Spar, Bromine, Bromopyrogallol red, Bullet, Bunsenite, Burchmulla, Bursaite, Burton line, Busek, Caesium, Calcium, Capper Pass and Son, Cast iron, Cerrosafe, Chalcogen, Charles Thurstan Holland, Chemical element, Chemical elements in East Asian languages, Chenzhou, Chlorine, Choke (firearms), Chorolque, Classification of non-silicate minerals, Claude François Geoffroy, Cobalt, Coinage metals, Collagenous colitis, Color of chemicals, Commission Internationale Permanente pour l'Epreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives, Composition of the human body, Computer cooling, Constantin Levaditi, Coolant, Copper extraction, Cosdon Hill, CPK coloring, Crystal habit, Cupellation, Cuprate superconductor, D. 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A Soldier's Farewell

A Soldier's Farewell is the third episode of the fifth series of the British television sitcom Dad's Army that was originally transmitted on 20 October 1972.

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Abramovite

Abramovite is a very rare mineral from the sulfides and sulfosalt categories.

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Abundance of elements in Earth's crust

The abundance of elements in Earth's crust is shown in tabulated form with the estimated crustal abundance for each chemical element shown as either percentage or parts per million (ppm) by mass (10,000 ppm.

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Abundances of the elements (data page)

No description.

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Activation product

Activation products are materials made radioactive by neutron activation.

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Aikinite

Aikinite is a sulfide mineral of lead, copper and bismuth with formula PbCuBiS3.

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Albert Sézary

Albert Sézary (26 December 1880, Algiers – 1 December 1956, Paris) was a French dermatologist and syphilogist.

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Alchemical symbol

Alchemical symbols, originally devised as part of alchemy, were used to denote some elements and some compounds until the 18th century.

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Aleksite

Aleksite is a rare lead bismuth tellurium sulfosalt mineral with formula PbBi2Te2S2.

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Alfa-class submarine

The Soviet Union/Russian Navy Project 705 (Лира/Lira, "Lyre") was a class of hunter/killer nuclear-powered submarines.

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Alkali metal

The alkali metals are a group (column) in the periodic table consisting of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K),The symbols Na and K for sodium and potassium are derived from their Latin names, natrium and kalium; these are still the names for the elements in some languages, such as German and Russian.

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Alloy

An alloy is a combination of metals or of a metal and another element.

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Alloy steel

Alloy steel is steel that is alloyed with a variety of elements in total amounts between 1.0% and 50% by weight to improve its mechanical properties.

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Almonty Industries

Almonty Industries is a global mining company focused on tungsten mining and exploration.

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Aluminium alloy

Aluminium alloys (or aluminum alloys; see spelling differences) are alloys in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal.

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Alveolar osteitis

Alveolar osteitis is inflammation of the alveolar bone (i.e., the alveolar process of the maxilla or mandible).

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Americium

Americium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Am and atomic number 95.

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Ames Project

The Ames Project was a research and development project that was part of the larger Manhattan Project to build the first atomic bombs during World War II.

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Amphoterism

In chemistry, an amphoteric compound is a molecule or ion that can react both as an acid as well as a base.

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Antimicrobial properties of copper

Copper and its alloys (brasses, bronzes, cupronickel, copper-nickel-zinc, and others) are natural antimicrobial materials.

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Antimony

Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from stibium) and atomic number 51.

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Antimony sulfate

Antimony sulfate, Sb2(SO4)3, is a hygroscopic material is formed by reacting antimony or its compounds with hot sulfuric acid.

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Antimony telluride

Antimony telluride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Sb2Te3.

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Antimony triiodide

Antimony triiodide is the chemical compound with the formula SbI3.

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Arcubisite

Arcubisite (Ag6CuBiS4) is a sulfosalt mineral occurring with cryolite in Greenland.

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Arsenical copper

Arsenical copper contains up to 0.5% arsenic which, at elevated temperatures, imparts higher tensile strength and a reduced tendency to scaling.

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Astatine

Astatine is a radioactive chemical element with symbol At and atomic number 85.

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ATC code A07

A07.

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ATC code C05

C05.

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Atom

An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element.

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Atomic radii of the elements (data page)

The atomic radius of a chemical element is the distance from the centre of the nucleus to the outermost shell of the electron.

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Atomic radius

The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the size of its atoms, usually the mean or typical distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons.

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Aurivillius phases

Aurivillius phases are a form of perovskite represented by the general formulae is (Bi2O2)(An−1BnO3n+1) (where A is a large 12 co-ordinate cation, and B is a small 6 co-ordinate cation).

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Autoignition temperature

The autoignition temperature or kindling point of a substance is the lowest temperature at which it spontaneously ignites in normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark.

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Édouard Branly

Édouard Eugène Désiré Branly (23 October 1844 – 24 March 1940) was a French inventor, physicist and professor at the Institut Catholique de Paris.

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Barnabas Wood

Barnabas Wood (May 17, 1819 in Guilderland, New York – May 30, 1875 in Albany, New York) was an American dentist and inventor best known for his discovery of the fusible alloy known as Wood's metal.

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Barton Mine

Barton Mine, also known as Net Lake Mine, is an abandoned surface and underground mine in Northeastern Ontario, Canada.

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Base metal

A base metal is a common and inexpensive metal, as opposed to a precious metal such as gold or silver.

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Bathurst Mining Camp

The Bathurst Mining Camp is a mining district in northeast New Brunswick, Canada, centred in the Nepisiguit River valley, and near to Bathurst.

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Bead test

The bead test is a traditional part of qualitative inorganic analysis to test for the presence of certain metals.

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Berggeschrey

Berggeschrey or Berggeschrei ("mining clamour") was a German term for the rapid spread of news on the discovery of rich ore deposits that led to the rapid establishment of a mining region, as in the silver rush in the early days of silver ore mining in the Ore Mountains.

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Bergregal

The Bergregal was the historic right of ownership of untapped mineral resources in parts of German-speaking Europe; ownership of the Bergregal meant entitlement to the rights and royalties from mining.

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Betterton–Kroll process

The Betterton–Kroll process is an industrial process for removing bismuth from lead.

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Betts electrolytic process

The Betts electrolytic process is an industrial process for purification of lead from bullion.

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BI

BI, Bi or bi may refer to.

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Bibrocathol

Bibrocathol (INN, trade names Noviform and Posiformin) is the substance 4,5,6,7-Tetrabrom-1,3,2-benzodioxabismol-2-ol.

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BiCoNi Formation

The BiCoNi Formation is a hydrothermal lode formation, in which bismuth, cobalt, nickel and uranium ores have coalesced.

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Biebergemünd

Biebergemünd is a municipality in the Main-Kinzig district, in Hesse, Germany.

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Biggenden

Biggenden is a town and locality in the North Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia.

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Binary compounds of silicon

Binary compounds of silicon are binary chemical compounds containing silicon and one other chemical element.

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Biraco

Biraco is the acronym of Bismuth, Radium, and Cobalt.

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Bismabenzene

Bismabenzene (C5H5Bi) is the parent representative of a group of organobismuth compounds that are related to benzene with a carbon atom replaced by a bismuth atom.

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Bismacine

Bismacine, also known as Chromacine, is a substance manufactured by American Biologics Corporation and marketed as a purported alternative treatment for Lyme disease.

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Bismanol

Bismanol is an magnetic alloy of bismuth and manganese (manganese bismuthide) developed by the US Naval Ordnance Laboratory.

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Bismite

Bismite is a bismuth oxide mineral, bismuth trioxide or Bi2O3.

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Bismoclite

Bismoclite is a bismuth oxohalide mineral with formula BiOCl.

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Bismole

Bismole is a theoretical heterocyclic organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula C4H4BiH.

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Bismuth antimonide

Bismuth antimonides, Bismuth-antimonys, or Bismuth-antimony alloys, (Bi1−xSbx) are binary alloys of bismuth and antimony in various ratios.

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Bismuth bronze

Bismuth bronze or "Bismuth brass" is a copper alloy which typically contains 1-3% bismuth by weight, although some alloys contain over 6% Bi.

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Bismuth chloride

Bismuth chloride (or butter of bismuth) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula BiCl3.

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Bismuth ferrite

Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3, also commonly referred to as BFO in materials science) is an inorganic chemical compound with perovskite structure and one of the most promising multiferroic materials.

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Bismuth germanate

Bismuth germanium oxide or bismuth germanate is an inorganic chemical compound of bismuth, germanium and oxygen.

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Bismuth hydroxide

Bismuth hydroxide (Bi(OH)3) is not a fully characterised chemical compound.

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Bismuth Indium

The elements bismuth and indium have relatively low melting points when compared to other metals, and their alloy Bismuth Indium is classified as a fusible alloy.

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Bismuth oxychloride

Bismuth oxychloride is an inorganic compound of bismuth with the formula BiOCl.

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Bismuth oxynitrate

Bismuth oxynitrate is the name applied to a number of compounds that contain Bi3+, nitrate ions and oxide ions and which can be considered as compounds formed from Bi2O3, N2O5 and H2O.

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Bismuth pentoxide

Bismuth pentoxide is a chemical compound containing bismuth and oxygen.

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Bismuth phosphate process

The bismuth-phosphate process was used to extract plutonium from irradiated uranium taken from nuclear reactors.

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Bismuth polycations

Electron-deficient bismuth polycations are classical examples of homopolyatomic ions (a polyatomic ion composed entirely of a single element) composed of electron-deficient bismuth atoms.

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Bismuth selenide

Bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) is a gray compound of bismuth and selenium also known as bismuth(III) selenide.

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Bismuth silicon oxide

Bismuth silicon oxide is a solid inorganic compound of bismuth, silicon and oxygen.

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Bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide

Bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide, or BSCCO (pronounced "bisko"), is a family of high-temperature superconductors having the generalized chemical formula Bi2Sr2Can−1CunO2n+4+x, with n.

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Bismuth subcarbonate

Bismuth subcarbonate (BiO)2CO3, sometimes written Bi2O2(CO3) is a chemical compound of bismuth containing both oxide and carbonate anions.

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Bismuth subcitrate

Bismuth subcitrate potassium is a bismuth salt used in combination with antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections.

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Bismuth subcitrate/metronidazole/tetracycline

The drug combination bismuth subcitrate/metronidazole/tetracycline (trade name Pylera) is used for the treatment of peptic ulcer with an infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.

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Bismuth subgallate

Bismuth subgallate, with a chemical formula C7H5BiO6, is commonly used to treat malodor by deodorizing flatulence and stools.

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Bismuth subsalicylate

Bismuth subsalicylate, sold under the brand name Pepto-Bismol, is an antacid medication used to treat temporary discomforts of the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, such as diarrhea, indigestion, heartburn and nausea.

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Bismuth telluride

Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) is a gray powder that is a compound of bismuth and tellurium also known as bismuth(III) telluride.

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Bismuth titanate

Bismuth titanate or bismuth titanium oxide is a solid inorganic compound of bismuth, titanium and oxygen with the chemical formula of Bi12TiO20, Bi 4Ti3O12 or Bi2Ti2O7.

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Bismuth tribromide

Bismuth tribromide is an inorganic chemical compound of bismuth and bromine with the chemical formula BiBr3.

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Bismuth trifluoride

Bismuth(III) fluoride or bismuth trifluoride is a chemical compound of bismuth and fluorine.

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Bismuth vanadate

Bismuth vanadate is the inorganic compound with the formula BiVO4.

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Bismuth(III) acetate

Bismuth(III) acetate is an ionic salt composed of positive bismuth ions and negative acetate ions.

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Bismuth(III) iodide

Bismuth(III) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula BiI3.

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Bismuth(III) nitrate

Bismuth(III) nitrate a salt composed of bismuth in its cationic +3 oxidation state and nitrate anions.

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Bismuth(III) oxide

Bismuth(III) oxide is perhaps the most industrially important compound of bismuth.

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Bismuth(III) sulfide

Bismuth(III) sulfide is a chemical compound of bismuth and sulfur.

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Bismuth-209

Bismuth-209 is the "quasi-stable" isotope of bismuth with the longest known half-life of any radioisotope that undergoes α-decay (alpha decay).

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Bismuthate

Bismuthate is an ion.

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Bismuthia

Bismuthia is a rare dermatological condition that results from the prolonged use of bismuth.

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Bismuthide

The bismuthide ion is Bi3−.

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Bismuthine

Bismuthine (IUPAC name: bismuthane) is the chemical compound with the formula BiH3.

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Bismuthinite

Bismuthinite is a mineral consisting of bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3).

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Bismutite

Bismutite or bismuthite is a bismuth carbonate mineral with formula Bi2(CO3)O2 (bismuth subcarbonate).

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Boiling points of the elements (data page)

No description.

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Bolivia, New South Wales

Bolivia is a locality on the Northern Tablelands in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia.

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Bond length

In molecular geometry, bond length or bond distance is the average distance between nuclei of two bonded atoms in a molecule.

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Bottom-blown oxygen converter

The Bottom-blown Oxygen Converter or BBOCTM is a smelting furnace developed by the staff at Britannia Refined Metals Limited (“BRM”), a British subsidiary of MIM Holdings Limited (which is now part of the Glencore group of companies).

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Bradwall

Bradwall is a small village and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East, about northwest of Sandbach in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England, and about south of Manchester.

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Brazing

Brazing is a metal-joining process in which two or more metal items are joined together by melting and flowing a filler metal into the joint, the filler metal having a lower melting point than the adjoining metal.

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Brent Spar

Brent Spar, or Brent E, was a North Sea oil storage and tanker loading buoy in the Brent oilfield, operated by Shell UK.

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Bromine

Bromine is a chemical element with symbol Br and atomic number 35.

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Bromopyrogallol red

Bromopyrogallol red is frequently used in analytical chemistry as a reagent for spectrophometric analysis and as an complexometric indicator.

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Bullet

A bullet is a kinetic projectile and the component of firearm ammunition that is expelled from the gun barrel during shooting.

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Bunsenite

Bunsenite is the naturally occurring form of nickel(II) oxide, NiO.

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Burchmulla

Burchmulla (also spelled Brichmulla and Brich-Mulla, Russian: Брич-Мулла́) is a village in the northeast of Tashkent Province, Uzbekistan, by the Koksu River near its inflow into the Charvak Reservoir by the southwestern extremity of the Koksu Ridge, west Tian Shan.

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Bursaite

Bursaite is a sulfosalt of the lillianite family.

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Burton line

The Burton line or Burtonian line is a clinical sign found in patients with chronic lead poisoning.

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Busek

Busek Co.

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Caesium

Caesium (British spelling and IUPAC spelling) or cesium (American spelling) is a chemical element with symbol Cs and atomic number 55.

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Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.

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Capper Pass and Son

Capper Pass and Son Ltd. was a British smelting and refining company specialising in non-ferrous metal refining, particularly tin.

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Cast iron

Cast iron is a group of iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content greater than 2%.

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Cerrosafe

Cerrosafe is a fusible alloy with a low melting point.

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Chalcogen

The chalcogens are the chemical elements in group 16 of the periodic table.

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Charles Thurstan Holland

Charles Thurstan Holland (1863–1941) was a general practitioner in Liverpool who was best known by his pioneering research in the field of Radiology.

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Chemical element

A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or Z).

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Chemical elements in East Asian languages

The names for chemical elements in East Asian languages, along with those for some chemical compounds (mostly organic), are among the newest words to enter the local vocabularies.

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Chenzhou

Chenzhou is a prefecture-level city located in the south of Hunan province, China.

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Chlorine

Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17.

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Choke (firearms)

In firearms, a choke is a tapered constriction of a shotgun barrel's bore at the muzzle end.

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Chorolque

Chorolque also known as Cerro Chorolque is an extinct volcano in the Potosí Department of the Southern Bolivia.

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Classification of non-silicate minerals

This list gives an overview of the classification of non-silicate minerals and includes mostly IMA recognized minerals and its groupings.

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Claude François Geoffroy

Claude François Geoffroy (1729 – 18 June 1753) was a French chemist.

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Cobalt

Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27.

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Coinage metals

The coinage metals comprise, at a minimum, those metallic chemical elements which have historically been used as components in alloys used to mint coins.

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Collagenous colitis

Collagenous colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease affecting the colon specifically with peak incidence in the 5th decade of life, affecting women more than men.

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Color of chemicals

The color of chemicals is a physical property of chemicals that in mos from the excitation of electrons due to an absorption of energy performed by the chemical.

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Commission Internationale Permanente pour l'Epreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives

The Commission internationale permanente pour l'épreuve des armes à feu portatives ("Permanent International Commission for the Proof of Small Arms" – commonly abbreviated as C.I.P.) is an international organisation which sets standards for safety testing of firearms.

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Composition of the human body

Body composition may be analyzed in terms of molecular type e.g., water, protein, connective tissue, fats (or lipids), hydroxylapatite (in bones), carbohydrates (such as glycogen and glucose) and DNA.

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Computer cooling

Computer cooling is required to remove the waste heat produced by computer components, to keep components within permissible operating temperature limits.

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Constantin Levaditi

Constantin Levaditi (1 August 1874 – 5 September 1953) was a Romanian physician and microbiologist, a major figure in virology and immunology (especially in the study of poliomyelitis and syphilis).

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Coolant

A coolant is a substance, typically liquid or gas, that is used to reduce or regulate the temperature of a system.

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Copper extraction

Copper extraction refers to the methods used to obtaining copper from its ores.

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Cosdon Hill

Cosdon Hill, also called Cosdon Beacon, or Cawsand Beacon, is one of the largest hills on Dartmoor, in Devon, England.

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CPK coloring

In chemistry, the CPK coloring is a popular color convention for distinguishing atoms of different chemical elements in molecular models.

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Crystal habit

In mineralogy, crystal habit is the characteristic external shape of an individual crystal or crystal group.

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Cupellation

Cupellation is a refining process in metallurgy, where ores or alloyed metals are treated under very high temperatures and have controlled operations to separate noble metals, like gold and silver, from base metals like lead, copper, zinc, arsenic, antimony or bismuth, present in the ore.

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Cuprate superconductor

Interest in cuprates sharply increased in 1986 with the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in the Non-stoichiometric cuprate lanthanum barium copper oxide La2−xBaxCuO4.

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D. B. Cooper

D.

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Daubréeite

No description.

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Dayton Project

The Dayton Project was a research and development project to produce polonium during World War II, as part of the larger Manhattan Project to build the first atomic bombs.

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De Haas–van Alphen effect

The de Haas–van Alphen effect, often abbreviated to dHvA, is a quantum mechanical effect in which the magnetic susceptibility of a pure metal crystal oscillates as the intensity of an applied magnetic field H is increased.

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De-Affaire

de-Affaire is a free annual music festival in Nijmegen, Netherlands.

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Dead Space (series)

Dead Space is a horror media franchise created by Glen Schofield, developed by Visceral Games and published by Electronic Arts.

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Decay chain

In nuclear science, the decay chain refers to a series of radioactive decays of different radioactive decay products as a sequential series of transformations.

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Decay product

In nuclear physics, a decay product (also known as a daughter product, daughter isotope, radio-daughter, or daughter nuclide) is the remaining nuclide left over from radioactive decay.

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Decoppering

Decoppering is the act of removing copper and it is most commonly used in the context of the removal of copper residues from the rifling of gun barrels.

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Densities of the elements (data page)

No description.

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Density

The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume.

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Detailed logarithmic timeline

This timeline shows the whole history of the universe, the Earth, and mankind in one table.

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Diamagnetism

Diamagnetic materials are repelled by a magnetic field; an applied magnetic field creates an induced magnetic field in them in the opposite direction, causing a repulsive force.

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Diamond enhancement

Diamond enhancements are specific treatments, performed on natural diamonds (usually those already cut and polished into gems), which are designed to improve the visual gemological characteristics of the diamond in one or more ways.

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Diglycolic acid

Diglycolic acid is an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, its acidity is between the one of acetic acid and oxalic acid.

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Dimercaprol

Dimercaprol, also called British anti-Lewisite (BAL), is a medication used to treat acute poisoning by arsenic, mercury, gold, and lead.

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Diving weighting system

Divers wear weighting systems, weight belts or weights to counteract the buoyancy of other diving equipment, such as diving suits and aluminium diving cylinders.

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Donor (semiconductors)

In semiconductor physics, a donor is a dopant atom that, when added to a semiconductor, can form a n-type region.

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Dost Mahomet

Dost Mahomet Baloch (c. 1873–1909) was an Australian Baloch cameleer, who used his animals to transport goods between the ports and remote inland mining and pastoral settlements of the Goldfields, Pilbara and Murchison regions of Western Australia at the end of the 19th century.

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East Pool mine

East Pool mine (later known as East Pool and Agar mine), was a metalliferous mine in the Camborne and Redruth mining area, just east of the village of Pool in Cornwall, England.

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Economy of Bulgaria

The economy of Bulgaria functions on the principles of the free market, having a large private sector and a smaller public one.

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Elastic properties of the elements (data page)

All values from CRC refer to room temperature.

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Electrical resistivities of the elements (data page)

As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources.

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Electrodeless lamp

The internal electrodeless lamp or induction lamp is a gas discharge lamp in which an electric or magnetic field transfers the power required to generate light from outside the lamp envelope to the gas inside.

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Electron affinity (data page)

This page deals with the electron affinity as a property of isolated atoms or molecules (i.e. in the gas phase).

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Electron configurations of the elements (data page)

This page shows the electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in their ground states.

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Electron cyclotron resonance

Electron cyclotron resonance is a phenomenon observed in plasma physics, condensed matter physics, and accelerator physics.

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Electron shell

In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell, or a principal energy level, may be thought of as an orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus.

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Electronegativities of the elements (data page)

No description.

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Electronegativity

Electronegativity, symbol ''χ'', is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons (or electron density) towards itself.

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Element collecting

Element collecting is the hobby of collecting the chemical elements.

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Ethylene oxide

Ethylene oxide, called oxirane by IUPAC, is an organic compound with the formula. It is a cyclic ether and the simplest epoxide: a three-membered ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. Ethylene oxide is a colorless and flammable gas with a faintly sweet odor. Because it is a strained ring, ethylene oxide easily participates in a number of addition reactions that result in ring-opening. Ethylene oxide is isomeric with acetaldehyde and with vinyl alcohol. Ethylene oxide is industrially produced by oxidation of ethylene in the presence of silver catalyst. The reactivity that is responsible for many of ethylene oxide's hazards also make it useful. Although too dangerous for direct household use and generally unfamiliar to consumers, ethylene oxide is used for making many consumer products as well as non-consumer chemicals and intermediates. These products include detergents, thickeners, solvents, plastics, and various organic chemicals such as ethylene glycol, ethanolamines, simple and complex glycols, polyglycol ethers, and other compounds. Although it is a vital raw material with diverse applications, including the manufacture of products like polysorbate 20 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) that are often more effective and less toxic than alternative materials, ethylene oxide itself is a very hazardous substance. At room temperature it is a flammable, carcinogenic, mutagenic, irritating, and anaesthetic gas. As a toxic gas that leaves no residue on items it contacts, ethylene oxide is a surface disinfectant that is widely used in hospitals and the medical equipment industry to replace steam in the sterilization of heat-sensitive tools and equipment, such as disposable plastic syringes. It is so flammable and extremely explosive that it is used as a main component of thermobaric weapons; therefore, it is commonly handled and shipped as a refrigerated liquid to control its hazardous nature.Rebsdat, Siegfried and Mayer, Dieter (2005) "Ethylene Oxide" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim..

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Ettingshausen effect

The Ettingshausen Effect (named for Albert von Ettingshausen) is a thermoelectric (or thermomagnetic) phenomenon that affects the electric current in a conductor when a magnetic field is present.

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Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets.

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Field's metal

Field's metal, also known as Field's alloy, is a fusible alloy that becomes liquid at approximately.

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Fishing sinker

A fishing sinker or knoch is a weight used in conjunction with a fishing lure or hook to increase its rate of sink, anchoring ability, and/or casting distance.

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Flame test

A flame test is an analytic procedure used in chemistry to detect the presence of certain elements, primarily metal ions, based on each element's characteristic emission spectrum.

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Florencite-(Sm)

Florencite-(Sm) is a very rare mineral of the plumbogummite group (alunite supergroup) with simplified formula SmAl3(PO4)2(OH)6.

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Fluid catalytic cracking

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important conversion processes used in petroleum refineries.

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Fluoroscopy

Fluoroscopy is an imaging technique that uses X-rays to obtain real-time moving images of the interior of an object.

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FN 303

The FN 303 is a semi-automatic less-lethal riot gun designed and manufactured by Fabrique Nationale de Herstal.

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Fort Knox Gold Mine

The Fort Knox Gold Mine is an open pit gold mine in the Fairbanks mining district of Alaska.

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Francium

Francium is a chemical element with symbol Fr and atomic number 87.

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Franz Hein

Franz Hein (30 June 1892 – 26 February 1976) was a German scientist and artist.

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Frederick Seddon

Frederick Henry Seddon (sometimes called Sedden) (21 January 1872 – 18 April 1912) was a British murderer hanged in 1912 for the arsenic poisoning murder of his lodger, Eliza Mary Barrow.

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Free machining steel

Free machining steel is steel that forms small chips when machined.

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Freezing

Freezing, or solidification, is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point.

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Fries rearrangement

The Fries rearrangement reaction is one of the important reactions in organic chemistry.

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Fusible alloy

A fusible alloy is a metal alloy capable of being easily fused, i.e. easily meltable, at relatively low temperatures.

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Fusible core injection molding

Fusible core injection molding, also known as lost core injection molding, is a specialized plastic injection molding process used to mold internal cavities or undercuts that are not possible to mold with demoldable cores.

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Galena

Galena, also called lead glance, is the natural mineral form of lead(II) sulfide.

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Galinstan

Galinstan is a brand-name and a common name for a liquid metal alloy whose composition is part of a family of eutectic alloys mainly consisting of gallium, indium, and tin.

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Gallium

Gallium is a chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31.

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Gananite

Gananite is a rare bismuth fluoride mineral form of bismuth trifluoride with a general formula of BiF3.

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Gas-filled tube

A gas-filled tube, also known as a discharge tube, is an arrangement of electrodes in a gas within an insulating, temperature-resistant envelope.

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Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea, is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract -- the stomach and small intestine.

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Gastrointestinal bleeding

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GI bleed), also known as gastrointestinal hemorrhage, is all forms of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum.

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Gauge (firearms)

The gauge of a firearm is a unit of measurement used to express the inner diameter (bore diameter) of the barrel.

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Geiger–Marsden experiment

The Geiger–Marsden experiment(s) (also called the Rutherford gold foil experiment) were a landmark series of experiments by which scientists discovered that every atom contains a nucleus where all of its positive charge and most of its mass are concentrated.

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Generation IV reactor

Generation IV reactors (Gen IV) are a set of nuclear reactor designs currently being researched for commercial applications by the Generation IV International Forum, with Technology readiness levels varying between the level requiring a demonstration, to economical competitive implementation.

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Geography of Hunan

Hunan is a landlocked province situated in the Central China and central portion of Yangtze River, Hunan spans from 108°47′ to 114°15′ longitude and 24°39′ to 30°8′.

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Geography of Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked nation in Central Asia, west of the People's Republic of China.

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Geology of Tasmania

The geology of Tasmania is complex, with the world's biggest exposure of diabase, or dolerite.

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Georg Brandt

Georg Brandt (26 June 1694 – 29 April 1768) was a Swedish chemist and mineralogist who discovered cobalt (c.1735).

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Georg Friedrich Strass

Georg Friedrich Strass (Georges Frédéric Strass; 29 May 1701, Wolfisheim near Strasbourg - 22 December 1773) was an Alsatian jeweler and inventor of imitation gemstones.

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Georgius Agricola

Georgius Agricola (24 March 1494 – 21 November 1555) was a German mineralogist and metallurgist.

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Germanism (linguistics)

A Germanism is a loan word or other loan element borrowed from German for use in some other language.

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Germanium

Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32.

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Girolami method

The Girolami method, named after Gregory Girolami, is a predictive method for estimating densities of pure liquid components at room temperature.

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Glenn T. Seaborg

Glenn Theodore Seaborg (April 19, 1912February 25, 1999) was an American chemist whose involvement in the synthesis, discovery and investigation of ten transuranium elements earned him a share of the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

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Gold mining in Alaska

Gold mining in Alaska, a state of the United States, has been a major industry and impetus for exploration and settlement since a few years after the United States acquired the territory from Russia.

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Goldschmidt classification

The Goldschmidt classification, developed by Victor Goldschmidt (1888-1947), is a geochemical classification which groups the chemical elements within the Earth according to their preferred host phases into lithophile (rock-loving), siderophile (iron-loving), chalcophile (ore-loving or chalcogen-loving), and atmophile (gas-loving) or volatile (the element, or a compound in which it occurs, is liquid or gaseous at ambient surface conditions).

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Group 12 element

Group 12, by modern IUPAC numbering, is a group of chemical elements in the periodic table.

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Gustav Werther

August Friedrich Gustav Werther (1 August 1815, Roßla – 29 June 1869, Königsberg) was a German chemist.

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Hall-effect thruster

In spacecraft propulsion, a Hall-effect thruster (HET) is a type of ion thruster in which the propellant is accelerated by an electric field.

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Halogen

The halogens are a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).

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Hantzsch–Widman nomenclature

Hantzsch–Widman nomenclature, also called the extended Hantzsch–Widman system, is a type of systematic chemical nomenclature used for naming heterocyclic parent hydrides having no more than ten ring members.

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Hardnesses of the elements (data page)

No description.

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Harold Greenwood (solicitor)

Harold Greenwood (1874 – 17 January 1929) was an English solicitor who was accused and acquitted of murdering his wife by arsenic poisoning.

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Hartvig Caspar Christie (physicist)

Hartvig Caspar Christie (1 December 1826 – 3 March 1873) was a Norwegian mineralogist and physicist.

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Hassium

Hassium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Hs and atomic number 108.

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Health of Charles Darwin

For much of his adult life, Charles Darwin's health was repeatedly compromised by an uncommon combination of symptoms, leaving him severely debilitated for long periods of time.

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Heat capacities of the elements (data page)

No description.

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Heat capacity

Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a measurable physical quantity equal to the ratio of the heat added to (or removed from) an object to the resulting temperature change.

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Heats of fusion of the elements (data page)

No description.

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Heats of vaporization of the elements (data page)

No description.

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Heavy metals

Heavy metals are generally defined as metals with relatively high densities, atomic weights, or atomic numbers.

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Height 611 UFO incident

Height 611 UFO incident refers to an alleged UFO crash in Dalnegorsk, Primorsky Krai, Soviet Union, on January 29, 1986.

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Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori, previously known as Campylobacter pylori, is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium usually found in the stomach.

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Helicobacter pylori eradication protocols

Helicobacter pylori eradication protocols is a standard name for all treatment protocols for peptic ulcers and gastritis; the primary goal is not only temporary relief of symptoms, but also total elimination of Helicobacter pylori infection.

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Helium compounds

Helium is the most unreactive element, so it was commonly believed that helium compounds do not exist at all.

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Hendrik Niehoff

Hendrik Niehoff (also Heinrich; 1495 – c. 1561) was a Dutch pipe organ builder, who learned with noted builder, Jan van Covelen (c. 1470-1532).

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Heterocyclic compound

A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring(s).

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Hexagonal crystal family

In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal family is one of the 6 crystal families, which includes 2 crystal systems (hexagonal and trigonal) and 2 lattice systems (hexagonal and rhombohedral).

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High Explosive Research

High Explosive Research was the British project to independently develop atomic bombs after the Second World War.

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Hillman Hall of Minerals and Gems

The Hillman Hall of Minerals and Gems is a notable mineral and gem collection within the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

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History of electrochemistry

Electrochemistry, a branch of chemistry, went through several changes during its evolution from early principles related to magnets in the early 16th and 17th centuries, to complex theories involving conductivity, electric charge and mathematical methods.

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History of hypertension

The modern history of hypertension begins with the understanding of the cardiovascular system based on the work of physician William Harvey (1578–1657), who described the circulation of blood in his book "De motu cordis".

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History of radiation therapy

The history of radiation therapy or radiotherapy can be traced back to experiments made soon after the discovery of x-rays (1895), when it was shown that exposure to radiation produced cutaneous burns.

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Hopper crystal

Synthetic bismuth crystal A hopper crystal is a form of crystal, defined by its "hoppered" shape.

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Hosokura mine

The was one of the largest lead and zinc mines in Japan.

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Hoxne Hoard

The Hoxne Hoard is the largest hoard of late Roman silver and gold discovered in Britain, and the largest collection of gold and silver coins of the fourth and fifth centuries found anywhere within the Roman Empire.

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Hydride

In chemistry, a hydride is the anion of hydrogen, H−, or, more commonly, it is a compound in which one or more hydrogen centres have nucleophilic, reducing, or basic properties.

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Hydroamination

Hydroamination is the addition of an N-H bond of an amine across a carbon-carbon multiple bond of an alkene, alkyne, diene, or allene.

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Hydrology of the Catawissa Tunnel

The Catawissa Tunnel is a mine drainage tunnel in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, in the United States.

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Index of chemistry articles

Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem), meaning "earth") is the physical science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions.

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Indium

Indium is a chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49.

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Industrial processes

Industrial processes are procedures involving chemical, physical, electrical or mechanical steps to aid in the manufacturing of an item or items, usually carried out on a very large scale.

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Inert pair effect

The inert pair effect is the tendency of the two electrons in the outermost atomic ''s'' orbital to remain unionized or unshared in compounds of post-transition metals.

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Inorganic compounds by element

This is a list of common inorganic and organometallic compounds of each element.

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Inorganic nanotube

An inorganic nanotube is a cylindrical molecule often composed of metal oxides, or group III-Nitrides and morphologically similar to a carbon nanotube.

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Institute for Transuranium Elements

The Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU) was a nuclear research institute in Karlsruhe, Germany.

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Interfacial thermal resistance

Interfacial thermal resistance, also known as thermal boundary resistance, or Kapitza resistance, is a measure of an interface's resistance to thermal flow.

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Iodine

Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53.

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Ion thruster

An ion thruster or ion drive is a form of electric propulsion used for spacecraft propulsion.

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Ionic radius

Ionic radius, rion, is the radius of an atom's ion in ionic crystals structure.

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Ionization energies of the elements (data page)

No description.

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Iosif Khriplovich

Iosif Benzionovich Khriplovich (Иосиф Бенционович Хриплович) (born 1937) is a Russian theoretical physicist who has made deep contributions in quantum field theory, atomic physics, and general relativity.

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Iridescence

Iridescence (also known as goniochromism) is the phenomenon of certain surfaces that appear to gradually change colour as the angle of view or the angle of illumination changes.

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Iron oxide copper gold ore deposits

Iron oxide copper gold ore deposits (IOCG) are important and highly valuable concentrations of copper, gold and uranium ores hosted within iron oxide dominant gangue assemblages which share a common genetic origin.

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Isadore Perlman

Isadore Perlman (April 12, 1915 – August 3, 1991) was an American nuclear chemist noted for his research of Alpha particle decay.

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Island of stability

In nuclear physics, the island of stability is the prediction that a set of heavy nuclides with a near magic number of protons and neutrons will temporarily reverse the trend of decreasing stability in elements heavier than uranium.

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Isotone

Two nuclides are isotones if they have the same neutron number N, but different proton number Z. For example, boron-12 and carbon-13 nuclei both contain 7 neutrons, and so are isotones.

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Isotopes of bismuth

Bismuth (83Bi) has no stable isotopes, but does have one very long-lived isotope; thus, the standard atomic weight can be given as.

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Isotopes of gold

Gold (79Au) has one stable isotope, 197Au, and 36 radioisotopes, with 195Au being the most stable with a half-life of 186 days.

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Isotopes of polonium

Polonium (84Po) has 33 isotopes, all of which are radioactive, with between 186 and 227 nucleons.

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Isotopes of technetium

Technetium (43Tc) is the first of the two elements lighter than bismuth that have no non-radioactive isotopes; the other such element is promethium.

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Jabir ibn Hayyan

Abu Mūsā Jābir ibn Hayyān (جابر بن حیانl fa, often given the nisbas al-Bariqi, al-Azdi, al-Kufi, al-Tusi or al-Sufi; fl. c. 721c. 815), also known by the Latinization Geber, was a polymath: a chemist and alchemist, astronomer and astrologer, engineer, geographer, philosopher, physicist, and pharmacist and physician.

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James Rutherford Morison

James Rutherford Morison (10 October 1853, County Durham, England– 9 January 1939, Newcastle upon Tyne, England) was a British surgeon.

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Jáchymov

Jáchymov, until 1945 known by its German name of Sankt Joachimsthal or Joachimsthal (meaning "Saint Joachim's Valley"; Thal, or Tal in modern orthography) is a spa town in the Karlovy Vary Region of Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic.

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Jesse Oatman Betterton

Jesse Oatman Betterton (1884-1960) was an metallurgist.

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Jiangxi Copper

Jiangxi Copper is the largest copper producer in Mainland China.

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Julius Lothar Meyer

Julius Lothar Meyer (19 August 1830 – 11 April 1895) was a German chemist.

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Kilogram

The kilogram or kilogramme (symbol: kg) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI), and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK, also known as "Le Grand K" or "Big K"), a cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy stored by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Saint-Cloud, France.

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Knochen (hill)

The Knochen is a monadnock between the village of Raschau-Markersbach and the town of Schwarzenberg in the Saxon part of the Ore Mountains in southeastern Germany.

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Kobellite

Kobellite (Pb22Cu4(Bi,Sb)30S69) is a gray, fibrous, metallic mineral.

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Kyawthuite

Kyawthuite is a rare mineral with a simple formula: Bi3+Sb5+O4.

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La Oroya

La Oroya is a city of about 33,000 people on the River Mantaro in central Peru.

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La Société Française des Métaux Rares treatment plant

La Société Française des Métaux Rares treatment plant is a heritage-listed smelting works at Wolfram, Dimbulah, Shire of Mareeba, Queensland, Australia.

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Latin American economy

Latin America as a region has multiple nation-states, with varying levels of economic complexity.

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Lead bismuthate

Bismuth molecules have the ability to form trivalent or pentavalent compounds.

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Lead carbide

Lead carbide is a hypothetical chemical compound of carbon and lead.

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Lead poisoning

Lead poisoning is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body.

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Lead star

A lead star is a low-metallicity star with an overabundance of lead and bismuth as compared to other products of the S-process.

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Lead(II) chloride

Lead(II) chloride (PbCl2) is an inorganic compound which is a white solid under ambient conditions.

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Lead(II) nitrate

Lead(II) nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Pb(NO3)2.

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Lead-bismuth eutectic

Lead-Bismuth Eutectic or LBE is a eutectic alloy of lead (44.5%) and bismuth (55.5%) used as a coolant in some nuclear reactors, and is a proposed coolant for the lead-cooled fast reactor, part of the Generation IV reactor initiative.

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Leo Szilard

Leo Szilard (Szilárd Leó; Leo Spitz until age 2; February 11, 1898 – May 30, 1964) was a Hungarian-German-American physicist and inventor.

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Lev Shubnikov

Lev Vasilyevich Shubnikov (Лев Васи́льевич Шу́бников; Лев Васильович Шубников) (September 9, 1901 – November 10, 1937) was a Soviet experimental physicist who worked in the Netherlands and USSR.

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Liquid

A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure.

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Liquid fluoride thorium reactor

The liquid fluoride thorium reactor (acronym LFTR; often pronounced lifter) is a type of molten salt reactor.

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Liquid metal cooled reactor

A liquid metal cooled nuclear reactor, liquid metal fast reactor or LMFR is an advanced type of nuclear reactor where the primary coolant is a liquid metal.

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List of acronyms: B

(Main list of acronyms).

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List of alchemical substances

Alchemical studies produced a number of substances, which were later classified as particular chemical compounds or mixtures of compounds.

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List of alloys

This is a list of named alloys grouped alphabetically by base metal.

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List of chemical element name etymologies

This is the list of etymologies for all chemical element names.

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List of chemical elements

, 118 chemical elements are identified.

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List of commonly available chemicals

Many chemicals are commonly available in pure form.

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List of countries by bismuth production

Bismuth is a chemical element that has the symbol Bi and atomic number 83.

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List of elements by atomic properties

This is a list of chemical elements and their atomic properties, ordered by Atomic number.

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List of elements by stability of isotopes

Atomic nuclei consist of protons and neutrons, which attract each other through the nuclear force, while protons repel each other via the electric force due to their positive charge.

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List of MeSH codes (D01)

This is the fourth part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.

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List of minerals

This is a list of minerals for which there are articles on Wikipedia.

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List of minerals B (complete)

No description.

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List of mines in British Columbia

This is an incomplete list of mines in British Columbia, Canada and includes operating and closed mines, as well as proposed mines at an advanced stage of development (e.g. mining permits applied for).

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List of mines in Japan

This list of mines in Japan is subsidiary to the list of mines article and lists working, defunct and future mines in the country.

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List of mines in Quebec

This a list of mines in the Canadian province of Quebec and includes both operating and closed mines.

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List of mines in Temagami

This is a list of mines in Temagami, a municipality in the northern part of Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada.

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List of oxidation states of the elements

This is a list of known oxidation states of the chemical elements, excluding nonintegral values.

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List of semiconductor materials

Semiconductor materials are nominally small band gap insulators.

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List of Steven Universe characters

Steven Universe is an American animated television series created by Rebecca Sugar.

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List of thermal conductivities

In heat transfer, the thermal conductivity of a substance, k, is an intensive property that indicates its ability to conduct heat.

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List of world production

This is a list of annual world production.

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Lists of countries by mineral production

The following list creates a summary of the two major producers of different minerals (and coal, which is generally not considered a mineral).

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Livermorium

Livermorium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Lv and atomic number 116.

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Llano Uplift

The Llano uplift is a low geologic dome that is about in diameter.

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M. M. Pattison Muir

Matthew Moncrieff Pattison Muir, FRSE, FCS (1848–1931) was a chemist and author.

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Magnesium battery

Magnesium batteries are batteries with magnesium as the active element at the anode of an electrochemical cell.

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Magnetic levitation

Magnetic levitation, maglev, or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields.

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Magnetic susceptibility

In electromagnetism, the magnetic susceptibility (Latin: susceptibilis, "receptive"; denoted) is one measure of the magnetic properties of a material.

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Maitland, South Dakota

Maitland, originally called Garden City and sometimes misspelled Midland, is a ghost town in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States.

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Marasmius oreades

Marasmius oreades, the Scotch bonnet, is also known as the fairy ring mushroom or fairy ring champignon.

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Marie Curie

Marie Skłodowska Curie (born Maria Salomea Skłodowska; 7 November 18674 July 1934) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity.

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Mary Ann Cotton

Mary Ann Cotton (Robson; 31 October 1832 – 24 March 1873) was an English serial killer, convicted of, and hanged for, the murder by poisoning of her stepson Charles Edward Cotton.

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Mataquescuintla

Mataquescuintla (from Nahuatl, meaning net to catch dogs) is a municipality in the Jalapa department of south-east Guatemala.

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Mawsonite

Mawsonite is a brownish orange sulfosalt mineral, containing copper, iron, tin, and sulfur: Cu6Fe2SnS8.

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May & Baker

May & Baker was a British chemical company.

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Mössbauer spectroscopy

Mössbauer spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique based on the Mössbauer effect.

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Melting point

The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid at atmospheric pressure.

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Melting points of the elements (data page)

No description.

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Mendelevium

Mendelevium is a synthetic element with chemical symbol Md (formerly Mv) and atomic number 101.

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Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy

The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, referred to as The Merck Manual, is the world's best-selling medical textbook, and the oldest continuously published English language medical textbook.

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Mercury cycle

The mercury cycle is a biogeochemical cycle involving mercury.

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Merenskyite

Merenskyite is a rare telluride / bismuthinide mineral with formula: (Pd,Pt)(Te,Bi)2.

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Met-Mex Peñoles

Met-Mex Peñoles is a large metallurgical and chemical company located in Torreón, Coahuila Mexico.

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Metal

A metal (from Greek μέταλλον métallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard when in solid state, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity.

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Metal ions in aqueous solution

A metal ion in aqueous solution (aqua ion) is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula z+.

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Metal prices

Metal prices (metal commodities) are only for a few metals quoted on exchanges.

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Metal toxicity

Metal toxicity or metal poisoning is the toxic effect of certain metals in certain forms and doses on life.

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Metalloid

A metalloid is any chemical element which has properties in between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them.

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Metallole

Metalloles are derivatives of cyclopentadiene in which the carbon atom at position 5, the saturated carbon, is replaced by a heteroatom.

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Metals in medicine

Metals in medicine are used in organic systems for diagnostic and treatment purposes.

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Metarauchite

Metarauchite is a member of the autunite group, found at the Jáchymov ore district (type locality), Czech Republic and in Schneeberg, Germany.

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Mica

The mica group of sheet silicate (phyllosilicate) minerals includes several closely related materials having nearly perfect basal cleavage.

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Mineral

A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and not produced by life processes.

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Mineral industry of Kazakhstan

The mineral industry of Kazakhstan is one of the most competitive and fastest growing sectors of the country.

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Mineral industry of Peru

The mineral industry provides a major source of economic growth in Peru's national development.

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Mining in Bolivia

Mining in Bolivia has been a dominant feature of the Bolivian economy as well as Bolivian politics since 1557.

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Mining in India

The Mining industry in India is a major economic activity which contributes significantly to the economy of India.

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Mining in Japan

Mining in Japan is minimal because Japan possesses very few mining resources.

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Mining in Tajikistan

Tajikistan has rich deposits of gold, silver, and antimony.

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Minor metals

Minor metals is a widely used term in the metal industry that generally refers to metals which are a by-product of smelting a base metal.

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Minor Metals Trade Association

The Minor Metals Trade Association (MMTA) is a world-wide industry association whose members are involved in over 49 metals that are not traded on exchanges.

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Mixite

Mixite is a rare copper bismuth arsenate mineral with formula: BiCu6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3(H2O).

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Modulated neutron initiator

A modulated neutron initiator is a neutron source capable of producing a burst of neutrons on activation.

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Mohs scale of mineral hardness

The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is a qualitative ordinal scale characterizing scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of harder material to scratch softer material.

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Moina, Tasmania

Moina is a town 45 km inland from Devonport on the north-west coast of Tasmania, Australia.

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Molar ionization energies of the elements

These tables list values of molar ionization energies, measured in kJ mol−1.

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Monoisotopic element

A monoisotopic element is one of 26 chemical elements which have only a single stable isotope (nuclide).

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Mononuclidic element

A mononuclidic element or monotopic element is one of the 22 chemical elements that is found naturally on Earth essentially as a single nuclide (which may, or may not, be a stable nuclide).

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Moscovium

Moscovium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Mc and atomic number 115.

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Mottramite

Mottramite is an orthorhombic anhydrous vanadate hydroxide mineral, PbCu(VO4)(OH), at the copper end of the descloizite subgroup.

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Mount Pleasant Caldera

The Mount Pleasant Caldera is a large eroded Late Devonian volcanic caldera complex, located in the northern Appalachian Mountains of southwestern New Brunswick, Canada.

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Naeem Ahmad Khan

Naeem Ahmad Khan (born 12 April 1928), is a Pakistani nuclear physicist and meteorologist, known for his work to the fields of Solid-state nuclear track detector and Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance.

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Native element minerals

Native element minerals are those elements that occur in nature in uncombined form with a distinct mineral structure.

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Native metal

A native metal is any metal that is found in its metallic form, either pure in nature.

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Natural resource economics

Natural resource economics deals with the supply, demand, and allocation of the Earth's natural resources.

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Natural resources of Kosovo

Natural resources are abundant in Kosovo.

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Naval Ordnance Laboratory

The Naval Ordnance Laboratory (NOL), now disestablished, formerly located in the White Oak area of Montgomery County, Maryland, was the site of considerable work that had practical impact upon world technology.

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Neptunium

Neptunium is a chemical element with symbol Np and atomic number 93.

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Newton's metal

Newton's metal is a fusible alloy with a low melting point.

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Nickeline

Nickeline or niccolite is a mineral consisting of nickel arsenide (NiAs) containing 43.9% nickel and 56.1% arsenic.

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Nihonium

Nihonium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Nh and atomic number 113.

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Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.

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Nobelium

Nobelium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol No and atomic number 102.

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Noble metal

In chemistry, the noble metals are metals that are resistant to corrosion and oxidation in moist air (unlike most base metals).

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Non-ferrous metal

In metallurgy, a non-ferrous metal is a metal, including alloys, that does not contain iron (ferrite) in appreciable amounts.

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Nuclear binding energy

Nuclear binding energy is the minimum energy that would be required to disassemble the nucleus of an atom into its component parts.

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Nuclear reprocessing

Nuclear reprocessing technology was developed to chemically separate and recover fissionable plutonium from spent nuclear fuel.

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Nuclide

A nuclide (from nucleus, also known as nuclear species) is an atomic species characterized by the specific constitution of its nucleus, i.e., by its number of protons Z, its number of neutrons N, and its nuclear energy state.

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Nuragheite

Nuragheite is a rare natural thorium molybdate, formula Th(MoO4)2·H2O, discovered in Su Seinargiu, Sarroch, Cagliari, Sardegna, Italy.

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Nylander's test

Nylander's test is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of reducing sugars.

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Oganesson

Oganesson is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Og and atomic number 118.

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Oil depletion allowance

The oil depletion allowance in American (US) tax law is an allowance claimable by anyone with an economic interest in a mineral deposit or standing timber.

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Orders of magnitude (time)

An order of magnitude of time is (usually) a decimal prefix or decimal order-of-magnitude quantity together with a base unit of time, like a microsecond or a million years.

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Ore

An ore is an occurrence of rock or sediment that contains sufficient minerals with economically important elements, typically metals, that can be economically extracted from the deposit.

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Ore resources on Mars

Mars may contain ores that would be very useful to potential colonists.

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Organobismuth chemistry

Organobismuth chemistry is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing a carbon to bismuth chemical bond.

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Origin and use of the term metalloid

The origin and usage of the term metalloid is convoluted.

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Osteomyelitis of the jaws

Osteomyelitis of the jaws is osteomyelitis (which is infection and inflammation of the bone marrow, sometimes abbreviated to OM) which occurs in the bones of the jaws (i.e. maxilla or the mandible).

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Osteonecrosis of the jaw

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a severe bone disease (osteonecrosis) that affects the jaws (the maxilla and the mandible).

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Outline of German expressions in English

The following outline is presented as an overview of and topical guide to German expressions in English: A German expression in English is a German loanword, term, phrase, or quotation incorporated into the English language.

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Oxide

An oxide is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula.

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Oxohalide

Molecular oxohalides (oxyhalides) are a group of chemical compounds in which both oxygen and halogen atoms are attached to another chemical element A in a single molecule.

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Patterns in nature

Patterns in nature are visible regularities of form found in the natural world.

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Peñoles

Peñoles, based in Mexico City, Mexico, is a subsidiary company 100 percent Mexican and owned by the private Grupo BAL.

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Pentamethylbismuth

Pentamethylbismuth (or pentamethylbismuthorane)is an organometalllic compound containing five methyl groups bound to a bismuth atom with formula Bi(CH3)5.

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Pepita Seth

Pepita Seth is a British born writer and photographer, known for her accounts of the temple arts and rituals of Kerala and her photographs of the widely celebrated captive elephant, Guruvayur Keshavan.

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Peptic ulcer disease

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a break in the lining of the stomach, first part of the small intestine or occasionally the lower esophagus.

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Period (periodic table)

A period in the periodic table is a horizontal row.

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Period 6 element

A period 6 element is one of the chemical elements in the sixth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements, including the lanthanides.

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Periodic table

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties, whose structure shows periodic trends.

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Periodic table (crystal structure)

For elements that are solid at standard temperature and pressure the table gives the crystalline structure of the most thermodynamically stable form(s) in those conditions.

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Perite

Perite is a mineral that has a general chemical formula of PbBiO2Cl.

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Permeability (electromagnetism)

In electromagnetism, permeability is the measure of the ability of a material to support the formation of a magnetic field within itself.

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Pewter

Pewter is a malleable metal alloy.

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Pfister (firm)

Pfister, formerly called Price Pfister until 2010, is a manufacturer of bathroom and lavatory faucets, shower systems, showerheads, and accessories and kitchen faucets and other plumbing fixtures.

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Phase diagram

A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature, volume, etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct phases occur and coexist at equilibrium.

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Phosphide

In chemistry, a phosphide is a compound containing the P3− ion or its equivalent.

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Phosphor

A phosphor, most generally, is a substance that exhibits the phenomenon of luminescence.

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Phosphosilicate glass

Phosphosilicate glass, commonly referred to by the acronym PSG, is a silicate glass commonly used in semiconductor device fabrication for intermetal layers, i.e., insulating layers deposited between succeedingly higher metal or conducting layers, due to its effect in gettering alkali ions.

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Plasmaron

In physics, a plasmaron is a quasiparticle arising in a system that has strong plasmon-electron interactions.

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Pnictogen

A pnictogen is one of the chemical elements in group 15 of the periodic table.

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Pnictogen hydride

Pnictogen hydrides or hydrogen pnictides are binary compounds of hydrogen with pnictogen atoms (elements of group 15: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth) covalently bonded to hydrogen.

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Point-to-point construction

Point-to-point construction is a non-automated method of construction of electronics circuits widely used before the use of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and automated assembly gradually became widespread following their introduction in the 1950s.

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Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko

Alexander Litvinenko was a former officer of the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) and KGB, who fled from court prosecution in Russia and received political asylum in the United Kingdom.

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Polonium

Polonium is a chemical element with symbol Po and atomic number 84.

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Post-transition metal

Post-transition metals are a set of metallic elements in the periodic table located between the transition metals to their left, and the metalloids to their right.

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Precious metal

A precious metal is a rare, naturally occurring metallic chemical element of high economic value.

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Prices of elements and their compounds

This table lists the elements by their name and gives some historical prices for them and their commonly traded compounds.

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Primordial nuclide

In geochemistry, geophysics and geonuclear physics, primordial nuclides, also known as primordial isotopes, are nuclides found on Earth that have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed.

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Primorsky Krai

Primorsky Krai (p; 프리모르스키 지방) is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia, located in the Far East region of the country and is a part of the Far Eastern Federal District.

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Propellant depot

An orbital propellant depot is a cache of propellant that is placed in orbit around Earth or another body to allow spacecraft or the transfer stage of the spacecraft to be fueled in space.

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Properties of metals, metalloids and nonmetals

can be broadly divided into metals, metalloids and nonmetals according to their shared physical and chemical properties.

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Prospect Creek, Alaska

Prospect Creek is a very small settlement approximately north of present-day Fairbanks and southeast of present-day Bettles, Alaska.

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Protactinium

Protactinium (formerly protoactinium) is a chemical element with symbol Pa and atomic number 91.

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Pseudevernia furfuracea

Pseudevernia furfuracea, commonly known as tree moss, is a lichenized species of fungus that grows on the bark of firs and pines.

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Punchcutting

Punchcutting is a craft used in traditional typography to cut letter punches in steel as the first stage of making metal type.

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Pyrolytic carbon

Pyrolytic carbon is a material similar to graphite, but with some covalent bonding between its graphene sheets as a result of imperfections in its production.

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Pyrophoricity

A pyrophoric substance (from Greek πυροφόρος, pyrophoros, "fire-bearing") ignites spontaneously in air at or below 55 °C (130 °F).

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Qualitative inorganic analysis

Classical qualitative inorganic analysis is a method of analytical chemistry which seeks to find the elemental composition of inorganic compounds.

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Quaternary compound

In chemistry, a quaternary compound is a cation consisting of a central positively charged atom with four substituents, especially organic (alkyl and aryl) groups, discounting hydrogen atoms.

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Queen's metal

Queen's Metal, an alloy of nine parts tin and one each of antimony, lead, and bismuth, is intermediate in hardness between pewter and britannia metal.

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Quern-stone

Quern-stones are stone tools for hand-grinding a wide variety of materials.

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Radioactive decay

Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay or radioactivity) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy (in terms of mass in its rest frame) by emitting radiation, such as an alpha particle, beta particle with neutrino or only a neutrino in the case of electron capture, gamma ray, or electron in the case of internal conversion.

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Radionuclide

A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is an atom that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable.

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Radiopharmacology

Radiopharmacology or medicinal radiochemistry is radiochemistry applied to medicine and thus the pharmacology of radiopharmaceuticals (medicinal radiocompounds, that is, pharmaceutical drugs that are radioactive).

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Radium

Radium is a chemical element with symbol Ra and atomic number 88.

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Radon

Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86.

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Rae

Rae may refer to.

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Rammelsbergite

Rammelsbergite is a nickel arsenide mineral with formula NiAs2.

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Raphael

Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), known as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance.

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Raschau

Raschau is a former municipality in the district of Aue-Schwarzenberg in Saxony, Germany.

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Reactivity series

In chemistry, a reactivity series (or activity series) is an empirical, calculated, and structurally analytical progression of a series of metals, arranged by their "reactivity" from highest to lowest.

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Reactor pressure vessel

A reactor pressure vessel (RPV) in a nuclear power plant is the pressure vessel containing the nuclear reactor coolant, core shroud, and the reactor core.

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Red Range, New South Wales

Red Range is a village located on the Red Range Road in the Northern Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia in Glen Innes Severn Shire.

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Reinsch test

The Reinsch test is an initial indicator to detect the presence of one or more of the following heavy metals in a biological sample, and is often used by toxicologists where poisoning by such metals is suspected.

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Relativistic quantum chemistry

Relativistic quantum chemistry combines relativistic mechanics with quantum chemistry to explain elemental properties and structure, especially for the heavier elements of the periodic table.

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Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive

The Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive 2002/95/EC, (RoHS 1), short for Directive on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment, was adopted in February 2003 by the European Union.

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Rio Ammunition

Rio Ammunition manufactures shotgun shells at a factory in Marshall, Texas.

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Robert Warington

Robert Warington FRS (7 September 1807 – 17 November 1867) was an English chemist considered the driving force behind the creation of the world's first enduring chemistry society, The Chemical Society of London, which later became the Royal Society of Chemistry.

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Rock music in the Netherlands

Dutch rock is a form of rock music produced in the Netherlands, primarily in the English language as well as in Dutch.

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Roles of chemical elements

This table is designed to show the role(s) performed by each chemical element, in nature and in technology.

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Rose's metal

Rose's metal, Rose metal or Rose's alloy is a fusible alloy with a low melting point.

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Ruby–Poorman mining district

The Ruby–Poorman mining district in the U.S. state of Alaska produced nearly a half million ounces of gold, all from placer mines.

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Rudolf Peierls

Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls, (5 June 1907 – 19 September 1995) was a German-born British physicist who played a major role in the Manhattan Project and Tube Alloys, Britain's nuclear programme.

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Russellite

Russellite is a bismuth tungstate mineral with the chemical formula Bi2WO6.

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Ruthenium

Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44.

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S-process

The slow neutron-capture process or s-process is a series of reactions in nuclear astrophysics that occur in stars, particularly AGB stars.

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Salicylic acid

Salicylic acid (from Latin salix, willow tree) is a lipophilic monohydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid, and a beta hydroxy acid (BHA).

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Salomon Rosenblum

Salomon Aminyu Zalman Rosenblum (June 2 1896 - November 22 1959) was a Polish nuclear physicist who became a French citizen.

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San Luis Potosí

San Luis Potosí, officially the Free and Sovereign State of San Luis Potosí (Estado Libre y Soberano de San Luis Potosí), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Schneeberg, Saxony

Schneeberg is a town in Saxony’s district of Erzgebirgskreis.

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Scintillating bolometer

A scintillating bolometer (or luminescent bolometer) is a scientific instrument used particle physics in the search for events with low energy deposition.

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Scintillator

A scintillator is a material that exhibits scintillation—the property of luminescence, when excited by ionizing radiation.

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Scorpion (Marvel Comics)

The Scorpion is the name of multiple characters in Marvel Comics, almost all of them supervillains.

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Secondary ion mass spectrometry

Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions.

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Sedimentary exhalative deposits

Sedimentary exhalative deposits (SedEx deposits) are ore deposits which are interpreted to have been formed by release of ore-bearing hydrothermal fluids into a water reservoir (usually the ocean), resulting in the precipitation of stratiform ore.

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Seebeck coefficient

The Seebeck coefficient (also known as thermopower, thermoelectric power, and thermoelectric sensitivity) of a material is a measure of the magnitude of an induced thermoelectric voltage in response to a temperature difference across that material, as induced by the Seebeck effect.

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Selenium

Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34.

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Selenium rectifier

A selenium rectifier is a type of metal rectifier, invented in 1933.

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Self-cleaning oven

A self-cleaning oven is an oven which uses high temperature (approximately 500 degrees Celsius or 900 degrees Fahrenheit) to burn off leftovers from baking, without the use of any chemical agents.

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Semimetal

A semimetal is a material with a very small overlap between the bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band.

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Shinkolobwe

Shinkolobwe, or Kasolo, or Chinkolobew, or Shainkolobwe, is a radium and uranium mine in the Katanga province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), located 20 km west of Likasi, 20 km south of Kambove, and about 145 km northwest of Lubumbashi.

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Shire of Biggenden

The Shire of Biggenden was a local government area located in the northern catchment of the Burnett River, Queensland, Australia, south-southwest of the regional city of Bundaberg.

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Shot (pellet)

Shot is a collective term for small balls or pellets, often made of lead.

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Shotgun shell

A shotgun shell is a self-contained cartridge typically loaded with multiple metallic "shot", which are small, generally spherical projectiles.

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Silicide

A silicide is a compound that has silicon with (usually) more electropositive elements.

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Silicon

Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14.

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Silver City, Utah

Silver City is a ghost town located at the mouth of Dragon Canyon on the west flank of the East Tintic Mountains in northeast Juab County in central Utah, United States.

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Simeticone

Simeticone (INN), also known as simethicone (USAN), is an anti-foaming agent used to reduce bloating, discomfort or pain caused by excessive gas.

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Skutterudite

Named after the city of Skotterud, Norway, Skutterudite is a cobalt arsenide mineral containing variable amounts of nickel and iron substituting for cobalt with a general formula: CoAs3.

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Smokeless powder

Smokeless powder is the name given to a number of propellants used in firearms and artillery that produce negligible smoke when fired, unlike the black powder they replaced.

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Sodium bismuth titanate

Sodium bismuth titanate or bismuth sodium titanium oxide (NBT or BNT) is a solid inorganic compound of sodium, bismuth, titanium and oxygen with the chemical formula of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 or Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3.

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Solder

Solder (or in North America) is a fusible metal alloy used to create a permanent bond between metal workpieces.

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Soldering

Soldering (AmE:, BrE), is a process in which two or more items (usually metal) are joined together by melting and putting a filler metal (solder) into the joint, the filler metal having a lower melting point than the adjoining metal.

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Sonora

Sonora, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Sonora (Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora), is one of 31 states that, with Mexico City, comprise the 32 federal entities of United Mexican States.

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South Branch Tunkhannock Creek

South Branch Tunkhannock Creek is a tributary of Tunkhannock Creek in Lackawanna County and Wyoming County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States.

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Soviet submarine K-27

K-27 was the only submarine of Project 645 in the Soviet Navy.

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Soviet submarine K-278 Komsomolets

K-278 Komsomolets was the only Project 685 Plavnik (Плавник, meaning "fin", also known by its NATO reporting name of "Mike"-class) nuclear-powered attack submarine of the Soviet Navy.

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Soyuz 31

Soyuz 31 (Союз 31, Union 31) was a 1978 Soviet manned space flight to the Salyut 6 space station.

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Speeds of sound of the elements (data page)

No description.

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Srednekansky District

Srednekansky District (Среднека́нский райо́н) is an administrative district (raion), one of the eight in Magadan Oblast, Russia.

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Standard electrode potential (data page)

The data values of standard electrode potentials are given in the table below, in volts relative to the standard hydrogen electrode, and are for the following conditions.

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Static secondary-ion mass spectrometry

Static secondary-ion mass spectrometry, or static SIMS is a secondary ion mass spectrometry technique for chemical analysis including elemental composition and chemical structure of the uppermost atomic or molecular layer of a solid which may be a metal, semiconductor or plastic with insignificant disturbance to its composition and structure.

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STS-87

STS-87 was a Space Shuttle mission launched from Launch Complex 39B of the Kennedy Space Center on 19 November 1997.

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Subcritical reactor

A subcritical reactor is a nuclear fission reactor concept that produces fission without achieving criticality.

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Sulfarsenide mineral

The sulfarsenide minerals are a subgroup of the sulfide minerals which include arsenic replacing sulfur as an anion in the formula.

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Sulfosalt minerals

Sulfosalt minerals are those complex sulfide minerals with the general formula: AmBnSp; where A represents a metal such as copper, lead, silver, iron, and rarely mercury, zinc, vanadium; B usually represents semi-metal such as arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and rarely germanium, or metals like tin and rarely vanadium; and S is sulfur or rarely selenium or/and tellurium.

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Symbol (chemistry)

In relation to the chemical elements, a symbol is a code for a chemical element.

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Szklaryite

Szklaryite is an extremely rare mineral with the formula Al6BAs33+O15.

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T Tauri wind

The T Tauri wind — so named because of the young star currently in this stage—is a phenomenon indicative of the phase of stellar development between the accretion of material from the slowing rotating material of a solar nebula and the ignition of the hydrogen that has agglomerated into the protostar.

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Table of nuclides

A table of nuclides or chart of nuclides is a two-dimensional graph in which one axis represents the number of neutrons and the other represents the number of protons in an atomic nucleus.

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Tellurobismuthite

Tellurobismuthite is a telluride mineral: bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3).

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Tetradymite

Tetradymite is a mineral consisting of bismuth, tellurium and sulfide, Bi2Te2S, also known as telluric bismuth.

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Tetrafluoroammonium

The tetrafluoroammonium cation (also known as perfluoroammonium) is a positively charged polyatomic ion with chemical formula.

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The Amazing Race 18

The Amazing Race 18 (also known as The Amazing Race: Unfinished Business) is the eighteenth installment of the reality television show The Amazing Race.

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The Tick (2016 TV series)

The Tick is an American web television series created for Amazon Video by Ben Edlund, based on his comic book character of the same name.

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Theophilus Thompson (physician)

Theophilus Thompson, M.D., F.R.S. (1807–1860) was a prominent London physician of the Victorian era known for his writings on tuberculosis and influenza.

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Thermal conductivities of the elements (data page)

No description.

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Thermal expansion coefficients of the elements (data page)

All values refer to 25 °C unless noted.

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Thermo Electric Ore Reduction Corporation Mill

Thermo Electric Ore Reduction Corporation Mill is a heritage-listed ruins of a mining building at Wolfram Road, Wolfram, Dimbulah, Shire of Mareeba, Queensland, Australia.

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Thermoelectric materials

Thermoelectric materials show the thermoelectric effect in a strong or convenient form.

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Thixotropy

Thixotropy is a time-dependent shear thinning property.

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Thomas Borody

Professor Thomas Borody is an Australian gastroenterologist based in Sydney who is noted for his innovative clinical work and research in complex gastrointestinal disorders.

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Thorium

Thorium is a weakly radioactive metallic chemical element with symbol Th and atomic number 90.

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Time-dependent viscosity

Time-dependent viscosity is a property of one class of non-Newtonian fluids in which the apparent viscosity of the fluid changes with time as the fluid continues to undergo shear.

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Timeline of chemical element discoveries

The discovery of the 118 chemical elements known to exist today is presented here in chronological order.

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Timeline of peptic ulcer disease and Helicobacter pylori

This is a timeline of the events relating to the discovery that peptic ulcer disease and some cancers are caused by H. pylori.

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Tin

Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (from stannum) and atomic number 50.

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Tin pest

Tin pest is an autocatalytic, allotropic transformation of the element tin, which causes deterioration of tin objects at low temperatures.

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Topological insulator

A topological insulator is a material with non-trivial symmetry-protected topological order that behaves as an insulator in its interior but whose surface contains conducting states, meaning that electrons can only move along the surface of the material.

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Torbern Bergman

Torbern Olaf (Olof) Bergman (KVO) (20 March 17358 July 1784) was a Swedish chemist and mineralogist noted for his 1775 Dissertation on Elective Attractions, containing the largest chemical affinity tables ever published.

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Traité Élémentaire de Chimie

Traité élémentaire de chimie (Elementary Treatise of Chemistry) is a textbook written by Antoine Lavoisier published in 1789 and translated into English by Robert Kerr in 1790 under the title Elements of Chemistry in a New Systematic Order containing All the Modern Discoveries.

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Transition-edge sensor

A transition-edge sensor or TES is a type of cryogenic energy sensor or cryogenic particle detector that exploits the strongly temperature-dependent resistance of the superconducting phase transition.

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Trepča Mines

The Trepča Mines (Miniera e Trepçës, Рудник Трепча, Rudnik Trepča) is a large industrial complex in Kosovo, located northeast of Mitrovica.

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Tuskegee syphilis experiment

The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male, also known as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study or Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment was an infamous clinical study conducted between 1932 and 1972 by the U.S. Public Health Service.

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Two-dimensional materials

2D Materials, sometimes referred to as single layer materials, are crystalline materials consisting of a single layer of atoms.

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Ullmannite

Ullmannite is a nickel antimony sulfide mineral with formula: NiSbS.

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Unbinilium

Unbinilium, also known as eka-radium or simply element 120, is the hypothetical chemical element in the periodic table with symbol Ubn and atomic number 120.

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Unbiunium

Unbiunium, also known as eka-actinium or element 121, is the hypothetical chemical element with symbol Ubu and atomic number 121.

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Unsealed source radiotherapy

Unsealed source radiotherapy (also known as unsealed source radionuclide therapy (RNT) or molecular radiotherapy) uses radioactive substances called radiopharmaceuticals to treat medical conditions, particularly cancer.

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Ununennium

Ununennium, also known as eka-francium or simply element 119, is the hypothetical chemical element with symbol Uue and atomic number 119.

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Uranium dioxide

Uranium dioxide or uranium(IV) oxide (2), also known as urania or uranous oxide, is an oxide of uranium, and is a black, radioactive, crystalline powder that naturally occurs in the mineral uraninite.

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Uranium-233

Uranium-233 is a fissile isotope of uranium that is bred from thorium-232 as part of the thorium fuel cycle.

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Uranium-238

Uranium-238 (238U or U-238) is the most common isotope of uranium found in nature, with a relative abundance of 99%.

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Valentin Rose the Elder

Valentin Rose the Elder (16 August 1736 – 28 April 1771) was a German pharmacist and chemist born in Neuruppin.

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Valleytronics

Valleytronics is a portmanteau combining the terms valley and electronics.

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Vapor pressures of the elements (data page)

No description.

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Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit

Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits, also known as VMS ore deposits, are a type of metal sulfide ore deposit, mainly copper-zinc which are associated with and created by volcanic-associated hydrothermal events in submarine environments.

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Volumetric heat capacity

Volumetric heat capacity (VHC), also termed volume-specific heat capacity, describes the ability of a given volume of a substance to store internal energy while undergoing a given temperature change, but without undergoing a phase transition.

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Walter Bradford Cannon

Walter Bradford Cannon (October 19, 1871 – October 1, 1945) was an American physiologist, professor and chairman of the Department of Physiology at Harvard Medical School.

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Waterfowl hunting

Waterfowl hunting (also called wildfowling or waterfowl shooting in the UK) is the practice of hunting ducks, geese, or other waterfowl for food and sport.

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White metal

The white metals are any of several light-colored alloys used as a base for plated silverware, ornaments or novelties, as well as any of several lead-based or tin-based alloys used for things like bearings, jewellery, miniature figures, fusible plugs, some medals and metal type.

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White Picacho

White Picacho is a summit with an elevation of in the Hieroglyphic Mountains in Yavapai County, Arizona.

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Wilhelm Heinrich Heintz

Wilhelm Heinrich Heintz (4 November 1817 – 1 December 1880) was a German structural chemist from Berlin.

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William W. Mullins

William Wilson Mullins (March 5, 1927 – April 22, 2001) was an American physicist and materials scientist who worked for many years as a professor at Carnegie Mellon University.

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Wismut (mining company)

SAG/SDAG Wismut was a uranium mining company in East Germany during the time of the cold war.

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Wolframite

Wolframite, (Fe,Mn)WO4, is an iron manganese tungstate mineral that is the intermediate between ferberite (Fe2+ rich) and hübnerite (Mn2+ rich).

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Wood's metal

Wood's metal, also known as Lipowitz's alloy or by the commercial names Cerrobend, Bendalloy, Pewtalloy and MCP 158, is a eutectic, fusible alloy with a melting point of approximately.

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Work function

In solid-state physics, the work setting (sometimes spelled workfunction) is the minimum thermodynamic work (i.e. energy) needed to remove an electron from a solid to a point in the vacuum immediately outside the solid surface.

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X-10 Graphite Reactor

The X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, formerly known as the Clinton Pile and X-10 Pile, was the world's second artificial nuclear reactor (after Enrico Fermi's Chicago Pile-1), and the first designed and built for continuous operation.

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Xilingolite

Xilingolite is a lead sulfide mineral with formula Pb3Bi2S6.

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Ximengite

Ximengite is a phosphate mineral discovered in and named for the Ximeng tin-mining district in China.

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Yunnan Copper

Yunnan Copper Company Limited is the third largest copper producer in China.

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Zaïrite

Zaïrite is a phosphate mineral with the chemical formula Bi(Fe3+,Al)3.

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Zambon

Zambon is an Italian company that has been operating in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industry since 1906.

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Zinc

Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.

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1,4-Butynediol

1,4-Butynediol is an organic compound that is an alkyne and a diol.

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1753 in France

Events from the year 1753 in France.

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1753 in science

The year 1753 in science and technology involved some significant events.

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2,4,6-Tribromophenol

2,4,6-Tribromophenol (TBP) is a brominated derivative of phenol.

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5.56×45mm NATO

The 5.56×45mm NATO (official NATO nomenclature 5.56 NATO) is a rimless bottlenecked intermediate cartridge family developed in Belgium by FN Herstal.

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6262 aluminium alloy

6262 aluminium alloy is an alloy in the wrought aluminium-magnesium-silicon family (6000 or 6xxx series).

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83 (number)

83 (eighty-three) is the natural number following 82 and preceding 84.

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Bi (element), Bismouth, Bismuth (element), Bismuth poisoning, Bismuthic, Bismuthous, Element 83, Radium E.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth

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