Communication

364 relations: Aber and Inver (placename elements), AberFest, Aberfoyle, Stirling, Abergavenny, Abernethy and Kincardine, Aeron (kingdom), Alba, Andrewartha, Anglo-Cornish, Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, Antonine Wall, Arden, Warwickshire, Ardennes, Armorica, Artognou stone, Áedán mac Gabráin, Badbury Rings, Barr, Ayrshire, Baschurch, Basque language, Battle of Chester, Battle of Deorham, Battle of Peonnum, Beaulieu River, Beli Mawr, Bishop of Galloway, Bladud, Bonedd Gwŷr y Gogledd, Bouldnor, Breton grammar, Breton language, Breton literature, Bretons, Britain, Brithenig, British, British Iron Age, British Isles, British languages, British Latin, Brittany, Brittonic, Brittonicisms in English, Brixham, Brockley Combe, Brown Willy, Buiston Loch, Cadafael Cadomedd ap Cynfeddw, Caer, Cairnpapple Hill, ..., Caithness, Caledonians, Camulus, Cardiff, Cathróe of Metz, Cŵn Annwn, Celtiberian language, Celtic art, Celtic Britons, Celtic language decline in England, Celtic languages, Celtic literature, Celtic music, Celtic mythology, Celtic nations, Celtic toponymy, Celts, Celts (modern), Chadderton, Cimmerians, Cirencester, Clyde (surname), Clydno Eiddin, Coel Hen, Cofi dialect, Coldrum Long Barrow, Colne Water, Combe, Combe Down, Combe Martin, Common Brittonic, Compton, Wolverhampton, Conomor, Continental Celtic languages, Coombe Hill, Buckinghamshire, Coriondi, Cormorant, Cornish language, Cornish people, Cornouaille, Cornovii (Cornwall), Cornwall, Cramond, Craven in the Domesday Book, Crempog, Cruthin, Culture of Cornwall, Cumbrian toponymy, Cumbric, Cuncar of Angus, Damnonii, Darwen, Daventry, Dál Riata, Denmark, Derwent, Devon, Donnchadh, Earl of Carrick, Douarnenez, Dryfe Water, Dual (grammatical number), Duddingston, Dumnonii, Dunglass, Durobrivae (Water Newton), Eaglesfield, Cumbria, Ecclefechan, Eccles, Scottish Borders, Edinburgh, Edward Lhuyd, England and Wales, England in the Middle Ages, England–Wales border, English folklore, English language in Northern England, English people, Epidii, Eric Bloodaxe, Ewan Campbell, Fauldhouse, Fortriu, François Falc'hun, France in the Middle Ages, Frome, Gaels, Gallo language, Gallo-Brittonic languages, Galwegian Gaelic, Gaul, Gaulish language, Gawain, Geas, Geography of Scotland in the Middle Ages, Gildas, Glen, Gobannium, Goidelic languages, Great Britain, Great Cumbrae, Great Mell Fell, Green Man, Halloween, Hascombe, Hen Ogledd, History of Anglo-Saxon England, History of Dundee, History of England, History of English, History of French, History of Orkney, History of the Isle of Man, History of the Welsh language, History of Torquay, History of Wales, Indo-European vocabulary, Insular Celtic languages, Inverkeithing, Inverurie, Islands of the Forth, Islay, Isle of Arran, Isle of Bute, Iverni, Jules Gros, Katherine Forsyth, Kempston, Kent, King of the Britons, Kingdom of Dyfed, Kingdom of Gwent, Kingdom of Norway (872–1397), Kingdom of Strathclyde, Kingdom of the Suebi, Language Contact and the Origins of the Germanic Languages, Languages of Europe, Languages of Iberia, Languages of Scotland, Languages of the United Kingdom, Lawn, Leges inter Brettos et Scottos, Leicester, Lenition, Lincoln, England, Linlithgow, Linlithgow Loch, List of contemporary ethnic groups, List of English words of Brittonic origin, List of English words of Welsh origin, List of etymologies of country subdivision names, List of Indo-European languages, List of kings of Strathclyde, List of languages by type of grammatical genders, List of last known speakers of languages, List of legendary kings of Britain, List of linguists, List of numbers in various languages, List of places in the Godalming hundred, List of redundant place names, List of Saint Patrick's crosses, List of Scottish writers, List of state and territory name etymologies of the United States, List of Welsh people, List of Welsh writers, List of writing systems, Little Cumbrae, Little Mell Fell, Llan (placename), Loch, Loucetios, Lugh, Lynn (name), Mai-Dun, Mailoc, Maine, Maleagant, Manaw Gododdin, Manx language, Manx people, Maponos, Mars (mythology), Matriarchy, Mên Scryfa, Mead, Medieval Welsh literature, Melrose, Scottish Borders, Menapii, Menhir, Meonwara, Meredith, Meriadoc, Middle Welsh, Millport, Cumbrae, Minor places in Middle-earth, Modron, Names of Easter, Newcombe, Niddrie, Edinburgh, Norse activity in the British Isles, Northern England, Northern Subject Rule, Novantae, O'Rahilly's historical model, Old English, Old Welsh, Origins of the Kingdom of Alba, Otley, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Pan-Celticism, Paschal greeting, Patagonian Welsh, Peebles, Pencersæte, Penketh, Penn, Buckinghamshire, Pennyland, Penshaw Monument, Peredur son of Efrawg, Petuaria, Pictish language, Picts, Place name origins, Poetry of Scotland, Politics of Cornwall, Prehistoric Ireland, Presley, Proto-Celtic language, Renfrew, Rheged, Riddle, Ridyard, River Avon, Falkirk, River Avon, Hampshire, River Beal, River Boyd, River Calder, Highland, River Calder, Lancashire, River Crake, River Dart, River Derwent (Tasmania), River Derwent, North East England, River Dove, North Yorkshire, River Frome, Bristol, River Glen, Lincolnshire, River Laver, River Malago, River Ouse, Yorkshire, River Severn, River Spey, River Tavy, River Teme, River Thames, River Trym, River Ure, River Wear, River Wharfe, Rollright, Rollright Stones, Rowena, Rushop, Saint Kea, Saint Piran, Samhain, Scone Palace, Scotland, Scotland during the Roman Empire, Scotland in the Early Middle Ages, Scotland in the High Middle Ages, Scotland in the Middle Ages, Scottish island names, Scottish literature, Scottish literature in the Middle Ages, Scottish toponymy, Segontiaci, Selgovae, Sindarin, Somerset, South West England, Southwestern Brittonic languages, Speenhamland, Berkshire, Stirling, Street, Somerset, Sub-Roman Britain, Talkin, Talkin Tarn, TARDIS, Tarves, Telerin, Terminology of the British Isles, The Chevin, The Voyage of Bran, Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain, Timeline of Cardiff history, Toponymy of England, Tranent Parish Church, Trewartha, Troon, Urquhart (surname), Vicus, Vigesimal, Vita Sancti Niniani, Voiceless dental fricative, Wales, Wales in the Middle Ages, Wales in the Roman era, Wansdyke (earthwork), Warfare in Medieval Scotland, Welsh language, Welsh people, West Country English, Western Brittonic languages, Whimple, Withenoc, WordCrex, Yan Tan Tethera. 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Aber and Inver (placename elements)

Aber and Inver are common elements in place-names of Celtic origin.

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AberFest

AberFest is a Celtic cultural festival celebrating all things Cornish and Breton that takes place every second year in Cornwall, UK, around Easter.

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Aberfoyle, Stirling

Aberfoyle (Obar Phuill) is a village in the historic county and registration county of Perthshire and the council area of Stirling, Scotland.

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Abergavenny

Abergavenny (Y Fenni, archaically Abergafenni meaning "Mouth of the River Gavenny") is a market town in Monmouthshire, Wales.

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Abernethy and Kincardine

Abernethy and Kincardine is a civil parish, and former registration district and ecclesiastical parish, in the Highland council area of Scotland.

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Aeron (kingdom)

Aeron was a kingdom of the Brythonic-speaking Hen Ogledd (Old North), presumed to have been located in the region of the River Ayr in what is now southwestern Scotland.

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Alba

Alba is the Scottish Gaelic name for Scotland.

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Andrewartha

Andrewartha and Trewartha are Cornish family names.

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Anglo-Cornish

Anglo-Cornish (also known as Cornish English, Cornu-English, or Cornish dialect) is a dialect of English spoken in Cornwall by Cornish people.

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Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain

The Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain describes the process which changed the language and culture of most of what became England from Romano-British to Germanic.

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Antonine Wall

The Antonine Wall, known to the Romans as Vallum Antonini, was a turf fortification on stone foundations, built by the Romans across what is now the Central Belt of Scotland, between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde.

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Arden, Warwickshire

Arden is an area, located mainly in Warwickshire, England, and also part of Staffordshire and Worcestershire traditionally regarded as extending from the River Avon to the River Tame.

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Ardennes

The Ardennes (L'Ardenne; Ardennen; L'Årdene; Ardennen; also known as the Ardennes Forest or Forest of Ardennes) is a region of extensive forests, rough terrain, rolling hills and ridges formed by the geological features of the Ardennes mountain range and the Moselle and Meuse River basins.

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Armorica

Armorica or Aremorica is the name given in ancient times to the part of Gaul between the Seine and the Loire that includes the Brittany Peninsula, extending inland to an indeterminate point and down the Atlantic Coast.

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Artognou stone

The Artognou stone, sometimes referred to as the Arthur stone, is an archaeological artefact uncovered in Cornwall in the United Kingdom.

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Áedán mac Gabráin

Áedán mac Gabráin (pronounced in Old Irish) was a king of Dál Riata from c. 574 until c. 609.

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Badbury Rings

Badbury Rings is an Iron Age hill fort in east Dorset, England.

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Barr, Ayrshire

Barr is a village in the South West of Ayrshire, Scotland, located approximately from the town of Girvan.

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Baschurch

Baschurch (Eglwyssau Bassa) is a large village and civil parish in Shropshire, England.

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Basque language

Basque (euskara) is a language spoken in the Basque country and Navarre. Linguistically, Basque is unrelated to the other languages of Europe and, as a language isolate, to any other known living language. The Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, the Basque Country, a region that straddles the westernmost Pyrenees in adjacent parts of northern Spain and southwestern France. The Basque language is spoken by 28.4% of Basques in all territories (751,500). Of these, 93.2% (700,300) are in the Spanish area of the Basque Country and the remaining 6.8% (51,200) are in the French portion. Native speakers live in a contiguous area that includes parts of four Spanish provinces and the three "ancient provinces" in France. Gipuzkoa, most of Biscay, a few municipalities of Álava, and the northern area of Navarre formed the core of the remaining Basque-speaking area before measures were introduced in the 1980s to strengthen the language. By contrast, most of Álava, the western part of Biscay and central and southern areas of Navarre are predominantly populated by native speakers of Spanish, either because Basque was replaced by Spanish over the centuries, in some areas (most of Álava and central Navarre), or because it was possibly never spoken there, in other areas (Enkarterri and southeastern Navarre). Under Restorationist and Francoist Spain, public use of Basque was frowned upon, often regarded as a sign of separatism; this applied especially to those regions that did not support Franco's uprising (such as Biscay or Gipuzkoa). However, in those Basque-speaking regions that supported the uprising (such as Navarre or Álava) the Basque language was more than merely tolerated. Overall, in the 1960s and later, the trend reversed and education and publishing in Basque began to flourish. As a part of this process, a standardised form of the Basque language, called Euskara Batua, was developed by the Euskaltzaindia in the late 1960s. Besides its standardised version, the five historic Basque dialects are Biscayan, Gipuzkoan, and Upper Navarrese in Spain, and Navarrese–Lapurdian and Souletin in France. They take their names from the historic Basque provinces, but the dialect boundaries are not congruent with province boundaries. Euskara Batua was created so that Basque language could be used—and easily understood by all Basque speakers—in formal situations (education, mass media, literature), and this is its main use today. In both Spain and France, the use of Basque for education varies from region to region and from school to school. A language isolate, Basque is believed to be one of the few surviving pre-Indo-European languages in Europe, and the only one in Western Europe. The origin of the Basques and of their languages is not conclusively known, though the most accepted current theory is that early forms of Basque developed prior to the arrival of Indo-European languages in the area, including the Romance languages that geographically surround the Basque-speaking region. Basque has adopted a good deal of its vocabulary from the Romance languages, and Basque speakers have in turn lent their own words to Romance speakers. The Basque alphabet uses the Latin script.

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Battle of Chester

The Battle of Chester (Old Welsh: Guaith Caer Legion; Welsh: Brwydr Caer) was a major victory for the Anglo Saxons over the native Britons near the city of Chester, England in the early 7th century.

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Battle of Deorham

The Battle of Deorham (or Dyrham) was a decisive military encounter between the West Saxons and the Britons of the West Country in 577.

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Battle of Peonnum

The Battle of Peonnum was fought about AD 660 between the West Saxons under Cenwalh and the Britons of what is now Somerset in England.

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Beaulieu River

The Beaulieu River, formerly known as the River Exe, is a small river flowing through the New Forest in the county of Hampshire in southern England.

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Beli Mawr

Beli Mawr ("Beli the Great") was an ancestor figure in Middle Welsh literature and genealogies.

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Bishop of Galloway

The Bishop of Galloway, also called the Bishop of Whithorn, was the eccesiastical head of the Diocese of Galloway, said to have been founded by Saint Ninian in the mid-5th century.

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Bladud

Bladud or Blaiddyd is a legendary king of the Britons, for whose existence there is no historical evidence.

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Bonedd Gwŷr y Gogledd

Bonedd Gwŷr y Gogledd (The Descent of the Men of the North) is a brief Middle Welsh tract which claims to give the pedigrees of twenty 6th century rulers of the Hen Ogledd, the Brittonic-speaking parts of southern Scotland and northern England.

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Bouldnor

Bouldnor is a hamlet near Yarmouth on the west coast of the Isle of Wight in southern England.

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Breton grammar

The Breton language is a Celtic and Indo-European language, and its grammar has many traits common with these languages.

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Breton language

Breton (brezhoneg or in Morbihan) is a Southwestern Brittonic Celtic language spoken in Brittany.

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Breton literature

Breton literature may refer to literature in the Breton language (Brezhoneg) or the broader literary tradition of Brittany in the three other main languages of the area, namely, Latin, Gallo and French – all of which have had strong mutual linguistic and cultural influences.

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Bretons

The Bretons (Bretoned) are a Celtic ethnic group located in the region of Brittany in France.

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Britain

Britain usually refers to.

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Brithenig

Brithenig is an invented language, or constructed language ("conlang").

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British

British may refer to.

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British Iron Age

The British Iron Age is a conventional name used in the archaeology of Great Britain, referring to the prehistoric and protohistoric phases of the Iron Age culture of the main island and the smaller islands, typically excluding prehistoric Ireland, which had an independent Iron Age culture of its own.

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British Isles

The British Isles are a group of islands off the north-western coast of continental Europe that consist of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and over six thousand smaller isles.

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British languages

British languages may refer to either.

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British Latin

British Latin or British Vulgar Latin was the Vulgar Latin spoken in Great Britain in the Roman and sub-Roman periods.

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Brittany

Brittany (Bretagne; Breizh, pronounced or; Gallo: Bertaèyn, pronounced) is a cultural region in the northwest of France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period of Roman occupation.

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Brittonic

Brittonic or Brythonic may refer to.

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Brittonicisms in English

Brittonicisms in English are the linguistic effects in English attributed to the historical influence of Brittonic speakers as they switched language to English following the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain and the establishment of Anglo-Saxon political dominance in Britain.

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Brixham

Brixham is a small fishing town and civil parish in the district of Torbay in the county of Devon, in the south-west of England.

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Brockley Combe

Brockley Combe is a wooded combe near the village of Brockley in North Somerset, England.

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Brown Willy

Brown Willy is a hill in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

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Buiston Loch

Buiston Loch (NS 416 433) (locally pronounced),Crone, Page 1 also known as Buston, Biston, and Mid Buiston was situated in the mid-Ayrshire clayland at an altitude of 90 m OD.

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Cadafael Cadomedd ap Cynfeddw

Cadafael ap Cynfeddw (Cadafael son of Cynfeddw) was King of Gwynedd (reigned 634 – c. 655).

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Caer

Caer (cair or kair) is a placename element in Welsh meaning "stronghold", "fortress", or "citadel", roughly equivalent to the Old English suffix now variously written as and.

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Cairnpapple Hill

Cairnpapple Hill is a hill with a dominating position in central lowland Scotland with views from coast to coast.

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Caithness

Caithness (Gallaibh, Caitnes; Katanes) is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area of Scotland.

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Caledonians

The Caledonians (Caledones or Caledonii; Καληδώνες, Kalēdōnes) or the Caledonian Confederacy were a Brittonic-speaking (Celtic) tribal confederacy in what is now Scotland during the Iron Age and Roman eras.

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Camulus

Camulus or Camulos was a theonym for a deity of the Celts that the Romans equated with Mars in the interpretatio Romanum.

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Cardiff

Cardiff (Caerdydd) is the capital of, and largest city in, Wales, and the eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom.

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Cathróe of Metz

Saint Cathróe (circa 900–971) was a monk and abbot.

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Cŵn Annwn

In Welsh mythology and folklore, Cŵn Annwn ("hounds of Annwn") were the spectral hounds of Annwn, the otherworld of Welsh myth.

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Celtiberian language

Celtiberian or Northeastern Hispano-Celtic is an extinct Indo-European language of the Celtic branch spoken by the Celtiberians in an area of the Iberian Peninsula lying between the headwaters of the Douro, Tagus, Júcar and Turia rivers and the Ebro river.

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Celtic art

Celtic art is associated with the peoples known as Celts; those who spoke the Celtic languages in Europe from pre-history through to the modern period, as well as the art of ancient peoples whose language is uncertain, but have cultural and stylistic similarities with speakers of Celtic languages.

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Celtic Britons

The Britons, also known as Celtic Britons or Ancient Britons, were Celtic people who inhabited Great Britain from the British Iron Age into the Middle Ages, at which point their culture and language diverged into the modern Welsh, Cornish and Bretons (among others).

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Celtic language decline in England

Celtic language-death in England refers primarily to the process by which speakers of Brittonic languages in what is now England switched to speaking English.

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Celtic languages

The Celtic languages are a group of related languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic"; a branch of the greater Indo-European language family.

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Celtic literature

In the strictly academic context of Celtic studies, the term Celtic literature is used by Celticists to denote any number of bodies of literature written in a Celtic language, encompassing the Irish, Welsh, Cornish, Manx, Scottish Gaelic and Breton languages in either their modern or earlier forms.

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Celtic music

Celtic music is a broad grouping of music genres that evolved out of the folk music traditions of the Celtic people of Western Europe.

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Celtic mythology

Celtic mythology is the mythology of Celtic polytheism, the religion of the Iron Age Celts.

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Celtic nations

The Celtic nations are territories in western Europe where Celtic languages or cultural traits have survived.

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Celtic toponymy

Celtic toponymy is the study of place names wholly or partially of Celtic origin.

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Celts

The Celts (see pronunciation of ''Celt'' for different usages) were an Indo-European people in Iron Age and Medieval Europe who spoke Celtic languages and had cultural similarities, although the relationship between ethnic, linguistic and cultural factors in the Celtic world remains uncertain and controversial.

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Celts (modern)

The modern Celts (see pronunciation of ''Celt'') are a related group of ethnicities who share similar Celtic languages, cultures and artistic histories, and who live in or descend from one of the regions on the western extremities of Europe populated by the Celts.

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Chadderton

Chadderton (pop. 34,818) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England.

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Cimmerians

The Cimmerians (also Kimmerians; Greek: Κιμμέριοι, Kimmérioi) were an ancient people, who appeared about 1000 BC and are mentioned later in 8th century BC in Assyrian records.

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Cirencester

Cirencester (see below for more variations) is a market town in east Gloucestershire, England, west northwest of London.

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Clyde (surname)

Clyde is a surname, and may refer to.

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Clydno Eiddin

Clydno Eiddin was a ruler in the Hen Ogledd, the Brythonic-speaking area in what is now Northern England and southern Scotland during the Early Middle Ages.

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Coel Hen

Coel (Old Welsh: Coil) or Coel Hen ("Coel the Old") is a figure prominent in Welsh literature and legend since the Middle Ages.

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Cofi dialect

Cofi (pronounced Covvy in English) is one of the regional accents and dialects of the Welsh language found in north Wales, and centred on Caernarfon, in Gwynedd, and its surrounding district.

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Coldrum Long Barrow

The Coldrum Long Barrow, also known as the Coldrum Stones and the Adscombe Stones, is a chambered long barrow located near the village of Trottiscliffe in the south-eastern English county of Kent.

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Colne Water

Colne Water is a river in eastern Lancashire.

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Combe

A combe (also spelled coombe or coomb and, in place names, comb) can refer either to a steep, narrow valley, or to a small valley or large hollow on the side of a hill; in any case, it is often understood simply to mean a small valley through which a watercourse does not run.

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Combe Down

Combe Down is a village suburb of Bath, England in the Bath and North East Somerset unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Somerset.

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Combe Martin

Combe Martin is a village, civil parish and former manor on the North Devon coast about east of Ilfracombe.

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Common Brittonic

Common Brittonic was an ancient Celtic language spoken in Britain.

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Compton, Wolverhampton

Compton is a suburb of Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England.

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Conomor

Conomor, also known as Conomerus or Conomor the Cursed, was an early medieval ruler of Brittany.

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Continental Celtic languages

The Continental Celtic languages are the Celtic languages, now extinct, that were spoken on the continent of Europe, as distinguished from the Insular Celtic languages of the British Isles and Brittany.

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Coombe Hill, Buckinghamshire

Coombe Hill is a hill in The Chilterns, located next to the hamlet of Dunsmore, Buckinghamshire, England, near the small town of Wendover, and overlooking Aylesbury Vale.

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Coriondi

The Coriondi (Κοριονδοί) were a people of early Ireland, referred to in Ptolemy's 2nd century Geography as living in southern Leinster.

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Cormorant

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of approximately 40 species of aquatic birds commonly known as cormorants and shags.

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Cornish language

Cornish (Kernowek) is a revived language that became extinct as a first language in the late 18th century.

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Cornish people

The Cornish people or Cornish (Kernowyon) are an ethnic group native to, or associated with Cornwall: and a recognised national minority in the United Kingdom, which can trace its roots to the ancient Britons who inhabited southern and central Great Britain before the Roman conquest.

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Cornouaille

Cornouaille (Kernev or Kerne) is a historic region of Brittany in northwestern France.

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Cornovii (Cornwall)

The Cornovii is a hypothetical name for a tribe who would have been part of the Dumnonii, a Celtic tribe inhabiting the South West peninsula of Great Britain, during some part of the Iron Age, Roman and post-Roman periods.

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Cornwall

Cornwall (Kernow) is a county in South West England in the United Kingdom.

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Cramond

Cramond (Cathair Amain) is a village and suburb in the north-west of Edinburgh, Scotland, at the mouth of the River Almond where it enters the Firth of Forth.

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Craven in the Domesday Book

The extent of the medieval district of Craven, in the north of England is a matter of debate.

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Crempog

Crempog (plural: crempogau) is a Welsh pancake made with flour, buttermilk, eggs, vinegar and salted butter.

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Cruthin

The Cruthin (Old Irish,; Middle Irish: Cruithnig or Cruithni; Modern Irish: Cruithne) were a people of early medieval Ireland.

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Culture of Cornwall

The culture of Cornwall (Gonisogeth Kernow) forms part of the culture of the United Kingdom, but has distinct customs, traditions and peculiarities.

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Cumbrian toponymy

Cumbrian toponymy refers to the study of place names in Cumbria, a county in North West England, and as a result of the spread of the ancient Cumbric language, further parts of northern England and the Southern Uplands of Scotland.

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Cumbric

Cumbric was a variety of the Common Brittonic language spoken during the Early Middle Ages in the Hen Ogledd or "Old North" in what is now Northern England and southern Lowland Scotland.

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Cuncar of Angus

Cuncar of Angus was Mormaer of Angus somewhere in the mid or later 10th century, which makes it quite possible that he was the successor of Dubacan.

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Damnonii

The Damnonii (also referred to as Damnii) were a Brittonic people of the late 2nd century who lived in what became the Kingdom of Strathclyde by the Early Middle Ages, and is now southern Scotland.

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Darwen

Darwen is a market town and civil parish located in Lancashire, England.

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Daventry

Daventry (historically) is a market town in Northamptonshire, England, with a population of 25,026.

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Dál Riata

Dál Riata or Dál Riada (also Dalriada) was a Gaelic overkingdom that included parts of western Scotland and northeastern Ireland, on each side of the North Channel.

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Denmark

Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.

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Derwent

Derwent derives from the Brythonic term Derventio, meaning "valley thick with oaks".

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Devon

Devon, also known as Devonshire, which was formerly its common and official name, is a county of England, reaching from the Bristol Channel in the north to the English Channel in the south.

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Donnchadh, Earl of Carrick

Donnchadh (Latin: Duncanus; English: Duncan) was a Gall-Gaidhil prince and Scottish magnate in what is now south-western Scotland, whose career stretched from the last quarter of the 12th century until his death in 1250.

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Douarnenez

Douarnenez,, is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France.

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Dryfe Water

Dryfe Water is a river in Scotland about 18 miles in length which flows into the River Annan at, near Lockerbie.

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Dual (grammatical number)

Dual (abbreviated) is a grammatical number that some languages use in addition to singular and plural.

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Duddingston

Duddingston (Duddiston) is a former village in the east of Edinburgh, Scotland, next to Holyrood Park.

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Dumnonii

The Dumnonii or Dumnones were a British tribe who inhabited Dumnonia, the area now known as Devon and Cornwall (and some areas of present-day Dorset and Somerset) in the further parts of the South West peninsula of Britain, from at least the Iron Age up to the early Saxon period.

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Dunglass

Dunglass is a hamlet in East Lothian, Scotland, lying east of the Lammermuir Hills on the North Sea coast, within the parish of Oldhamstocks.

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Durobrivae (Water Newton)

Durobrivae was a Roman fortified garrison town located at Water Newton in the English county of Cambridgeshire, where Ermine Street crossed the River Nene.

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Eaglesfield, Cumbria

Eaglesfield is a small settlement in the county of Cumbria, in England.

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Ecclefechan

Ecclefechan (Scottish Gaelic: Eaglais Fheichein) is a small village in the south of Scotland in Dumfries and Galloway.

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Eccles, Scottish Borders

Eccles (An Eaglais. Brythonic/Welsh: Eglwys) is a village and agricultural parish near Kelso in Berwickshire in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland.

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Edinburgh

Edinburgh (Dùn Èideann; Edinburgh) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas.

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Edward Lhuyd

Edward Lhuyd (occasionally written as Llwyd in recent times, in accordance with Modern Welsh orthography) (1660 – 30 June 1709) was a Welsh naturalist, botanist, linguist, geographer and antiquary.

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England and Wales

England and Wales is a legal jurisdiction covering England and Wales, two of the four countries of the United Kingdom.

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England in the Middle Ages

England in the Middle Ages concerns the history of England during the medieval period, from the end of the 5th century through to the start of the Early Modern period in 1485.

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England–Wales border

The England–Wales border, sometimes the Wales–England border or the Anglo-Welsh border, is the border between England and Wales, two constituent countries of the United Kingdom.

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English folklore

English folklore is the folk tradition which has developed in England over a number of centuries.

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English language in Northern England

The English language in Northern England has been shaped by the region's history of settlement and migration, and today encompasses a group of related dialects known as Northern England English (or, simply, Northern English in the United Kingdom).

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English people

The English are a nation and an ethnic group native to England who speak the English language. The English identity is of early medieval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Angelcynn ("family of the Angles"). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. England is one of the countries of the United Kingdom, and the majority of people living there are British citizens. Historically, the English population is descended from several peoples the earlier Celtic Britons (or Brythons) and the Germanic tribes that settled in Britain following the withdrawal of the Romans, including Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians. Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons, they founded what was to become England (from the Old English Englaland) along with the later Danes, Anglo-Normans and other groups. In the Acts of Union 1707, the Kingdom of England was succeeded by the Kingdom of Great Britain. Over the years, English customs and identity have become fairly closely aligned with British customs and identity in general. Today many English people have recent forebears from other parts of the United Kingdom, while some are also descended from more recent immigrants from other European countries and from the Commonwealth. The English people are the source of the English language, the Westminster system, the common law system and numerous major sports such as cricket, football, rugby union, rugby league and tennis. These and other English cultural characteristics have spread worldwide, in part as a result of the former British Empire.

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Epidii

The Epidii (Greek: Επίδιοι) were a people of ancient Britain, known from a mention of them by the geographer Ptolemy c. 150.

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Eric Bloodaxe

Eric Haraldsson (Old Norse: Eiríkr Haraldsson, Eirik Haraldsson; c. 885 – 954), nicknamed Eric Bloodaxe (Old Norse: Eiríkr blóðøx, Eirik Blodøks), was a 10th-century Norwegian ruler.

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Ewan Campbell

Dr.

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Fauldhouse

Fauldhouse (Fauldhoose, Falas) is a village in West Lothian, Scotland.

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Fortriu

Fortriu or the Kingdom of Fortriu is the name given by historians for a Pictish kingdom recorded between the 4th and 10th centuries, and often used synonymously with Pictland in general.

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François Falc'hun

François Falc'hun (20 April 1901 – 13 January 1991) was a controversial French linguist known for his theories about the origin of the Breton language.

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France in the Middle Ages

The Kingdom of France in the Middle Ages (roughly, from the 9th century to the middle of the 15th century) was marked by the fragmentation of the Carolingian Empire and West Francia (843–987); the expansion of royal control by the House of Capet (987–1328), including their struggles with the virtually independent principalities (duchies and counties, such as the Norman and Angevin regions) that had developed following the Viking invasions and through the piecemeal dismantling of the Carolingian Empire and the creation and extension of administrative/state control (notably under Philip II Augustus and Louis IX) in the 13th century; and the rise of the House of Valois (1328–1589), including the protracted dynastic crisis of the Hundred Years' War with the Kingdom of England (1337–1453) compounded by the catastrophic Black Death epidemic (1348), which laid the seeds for a more centralized and expanded state in the early modern period and the creation of a sense of French identity.

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Frome

Frome is a town and civil parish in eastern Somerset, England.

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Gaels

The Gaels (Na Gaeil, Na Gàidheil, Ny Gaeil) are an ethnolinguistic group native to northwestern Europe.

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Gallo language

Gallo is a regional language of France.

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Gallo-Brittonic languages

The Gallo-Brittonic languages, also known as the P-Celtic languages, are a subdivision of the Celtic languages of Ancient Gaul (both celtica and belgica) and Celtic Britain, which share certain features.

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Galwegian Gaelic

Galwegian Gaelic (also known as Gallovidian Gaelic, Gallowegian Gaelic, or Galloway Gaelic) is an extinct dialect of the Goidelic languages formerly spoken in southwest Scotland.

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Gaul

Gaul (Latin: Gallia) was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine.

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Gaulish language

Gaulish was an ancient Celtic language that was spoken in parts of Europe as late as the Roman Empire.

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Gawain

Gawain (also called Gwalchmei, Gualguanus, Gauvain, Walwein, etc.) is King Arthur's nephew and a Knight of the Round Table in the Arthurian legend.

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Geas

In Irish, a geas (alternatives: geis, géis, deas; plural geasa) is an idiosyncratic taboo, whether of obligation or prohibition, similar to being under a vow.

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Geography of Scotland in the Middle Ages

The geography of Scotland in the Middle Ages covers all aspects of the land that is now Scotland, including physical and human, between the departure of the Romans in the early fifth century from what are now the southern borders of the country, to the adoption of the major aspects of the Renaissance in the early sixteenth century.

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Gildas

Gildas (Breton: Gweltaz; c. 500 – c. 570) — also known as Gildas the Wise or Gildas Sapiens — was a 6th-century British monk best known for his scathing religious polemic De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, which recounts the history of the Britons before and during the coming of the Saxons.

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Glen

A glen is a valley, typically one that is long and bounded by gently sloped concave sides, unlike a ravine, which is deep and bounded by steep slopes.

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Gobannium

Gobannium was a Roman fort and civil settlement or Castra established by the Roman legions invading what was to become Roman Wales and lies today under the market town of Abergavenny, Monmouthshire in south east Wales.

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Goidelic languages

The Goidelic or Gaelic languages (teangacha Gaelacha; cànanan Goidhealach; çhengaghyn Gaelgagh) form one of the two groups of Insular Celtic languages, the other being the Brittonic languages.

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Great Britain

Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe.

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Great Cumbrae

Great Cumbrae (Scots, Muckle Cumbrae; Scottish Gaelic, Cumaradh Mòr; also known as Cumbrae or the Isle of Cumbrae) is the larger of the two islands known as The Cumbraes in the lower Firth of Clyde in western Scotland.

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Great Mell Fell

Great Mell Fell (Bare hill, with the later additions of both "Fell" and "Great") is an isolated hill or fell in the English Lake District, north of Ullswater and adjacent to the Eastern Fells.

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Green Man

A Green Man is a sculpture or other representation of a face surrounded by or made from leaves.

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Halloween

Halloween or Hallowe'en (a contraction of All Hallows' Evening), also known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve, is a celebration observed in a number of countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Hallows' Day.

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Hascombe

Hascombe is a village in Surrey, England.

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Hen Ogledd

Yr Hen Ogledd, in English the Old North, is the region of Northern England and the southern Scottish Lowlands inhabited by the Celtic Britons of sub-Roman Britain in the Early Middle Ages.

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History of Anglo-Saxon England

Anglo-Saxon England was early medieval England, existing from the 5th to the 11th century from the end of Roman Britain until the Norman conquest in 1066.

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History of Dundee

Dundee (Dùn Dèagh) is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people.

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History of England

England became inhabited more than 800,000 years ago, as the discovery of stone tools and footprints at Happisburgh in Norfolk has revealed.

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History of English

English is a West Germanic language that originated from Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Britain in the mid 5th to 7th centuries AD by Anglo-Saxon settlers from what is now northwest Germany, west Denmark and the Netherlands, displacing the Celtic languages that previously predominated.

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History of French

French is a Romance language (meaning that it is descended primarily from Vulgar Latin) that evolved out of the Gallo-Romance spoken in northern France.

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History of Orkney

Humans have inhabited Orkney for about 8,800 years: archeological evidence dates from Mesolithic times.

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History of the Isle of Man

The Isle of Man had become separated from Britain and Ireland by 6500 BC.

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History of the Welsh language

The history of the Welsh language spans over 1400 years, encompassing the stages of the language known as Primitive Welsh, Old Welsh, Middle Welsh, and Modern Welsh.

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History of Torquay

The History of Torquay, a town in Torbay, on the south coast of the county of Devon, England, starts some 450,000 years ago with early human artefacts found in Kents Cavern.

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History of Wales

The history of Wales begins with the arrival of human beings in the region thousands of years ago.

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Indo-European vocabulary

The following is a table of many of the most fundamental Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) words and roots, with their cognates in all of the major families of descendants.

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Insular Celtic languages

Insular Celtic languages are a group of Celtic languages that originated in Britain and Ireland, in contrast to the Continental Celtic languages of mainland Europe and Anatolia.

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Inverkeithing

Inverkeithing is a town and a royal burgh, and parish, in Fife, Scotland, located on the Firth of Forth.

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Inverurie

Inverurie (Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Uraidh or Inbhir Uaraidh, "mouth of the River Ury") is a Royal Burgh and town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland at the confluence of the rivers Ury and Don, about north west of Aberdeen on the A96 road and is served by Inverurie railway station on the Aberdeen to Inverness Line.

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Islands of the Forth

The Islands of the Forth are a group of small islands located in the Firth of Forth and in the estuary of the River Forth on the east coast of Scotland.

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Islay

Islay (Ìle) is the southernmost island of the Inner Hebrides of Scotland.

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Isle of Arran

Arran (Eilean Arainn) or the Isle of Arran is the largest island in the Firth of Clyde and the seventh largest Scottish island, at.

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Isle of Bute

The Isle of Bute (Eilean Bhòid or An t-Eilean Bhòdach), properly simply Bute, is an island in the Firth of Clyde in Scotland.

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Iverni

The Iverni (Ἰούερνοι, Iouernoi) were a people of early Ireland first mentioned in Ptolemy's 2nd century Geography as living in the extreme south-west of the island.

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Jules Gros

Jules Marcel Gros (2 February 1890 – 25 December 1992) was a Breton linguist specializing in the Breton language.

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Katherine Forsyth

Katherine S. Forsyth is a Scottish historian who specializes in the history and culture of Celtic peoples during the 1st millennium AD, in particular the Picts.

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Kempston

Kempston is a town and civil parish located in Bedfordshire, England.

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Kent

Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties.

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King of the Britons

The title King of the Britons (Latin Rex Britannorum) was used (often retrospectively) to refer to the most powerful ruler among the Celtic Britons, both before and after the period of Roman Britain up until the Norman conquest of England.

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Kingdom of Dyfed

The Kingdom of Dyfed is one of several Welsh petty kingdoms that emerged in 5th-century sub-Roman Britain in southwest Wales based on the former territory of the Demetae (modern Welsh Dyfed).

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Kingdom of Gwent

Gwent (Guent) was a medieval Welsh kingdom, lying between the Rivers Wye and Usk.

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Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)

The terms Norwegian Empire,A Short History of Norway https://archive.is/mU1jM Hereditary Kingdom of Norway (Old Norse: Norégveldi, Bokmål: Norgesveldet, Nynorsk: Noregsveldet) and Norwegian Realm refer to the Kingdom of Norway's peak of power at the 13th century after a long period of civil war before 1240.

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Kingdom of Strathclyde

Strathclyde (lit. "Strath of the River Clyde"), originally Ystrad Clud or Alclud (and Strath-Clota in Anglo-Saxon), was one of the early medieval kingdoms of the Britons in Hen Ogledd ("the Old North"), the Brythonic-speaking parts of what is now southern Scotland and northern England.

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Kingdom of the Suebi

The Kingdom of the Suebi (Regnum Suevorum), also called the Kingdom of Gallæcia (Regnum Gallæciae), was a Germanic post-Roman kingdom that was one of the first to separate from the Roman Empire.

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Language Contact and the Origins of the Germanic Languages

Language Contact and the Origins of the Germanic Languages is a 2014 scholarly book by the Dutch linguist Peter Schrijver, published by Routledge.

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Languages of Europe

Most languages of Europe belong to the Indo-European language family.

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Languages of Iberia

Iberian languages is a generic term for the languages currently or formerly spoken in the Iberian Peninsula.

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Languages of Scotland

The languages of Scotland are the languages spoken or once spoken in Scotland.

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Languages of the United Kingdom

English, in various dialects, is the most widely spoken language of the United Kingdom, however there are a number of regional languages also spoken. There are 11 indigenous languages spoken across the British Isles: 5 Celtic, 3 Germanic, and 3 Romance. There are also many immigrant languages spoken in the British Isles, mainly within inner city areas; these languages are mainly from South Asia and Eastern Europe. The de facto official language of the United Kingdom is English, which is spoken by approximately 59.8 million residents, or 98% of the population, over the age of three.According to the 2011 census, 53,098,301 people in England and Wales, 5,044,683 people in Scotland, and 1,681,210 people in Northern Ireland can speak English "well" or "very well"; totalling 59,824,194. Therefore, out of the 60,815,385 residents of the UK over the age of three, 98% can speak English "well" or "very well". An estimated 700,000 people speak Welsh in the UK,, by Hywel M Jones, page 115, 13.5.1.6, England. Published February 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2016. an official language in Wales and the only de jure official language in any part of the UK. Approximately 1.5 million people in the UK speak Scots—although there is debate as to whether this is a distinct language, or a variety of English.A.J. Aitken in The Oxford Companion to the English Language, Oxford University Press 1992. p.894 There is some discussion of the languages of the United Kingdom's three Crown dependencies (Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man), though they are not part of the United Kingdom.

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Lawn

A lawn is an area of soil-covered land planted with grasses and other durable plants such as clover which are maintained at a short height with a lawnmower and used for aesthetic and recreational purposes.

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Leges inter Brettos et Scottos

The Leges inter Brettos et Scottos or Laws of the Brets and Scots was a legal codification under David I of Scotland (reigned 1124 – 1153).

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Leicester

Leicester ("Lester") is a city and unitary authority area in the East Midlands of England, and the county town of Leicestershire.

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Lenition

In linguistics, lenition is a kind of sound change that alters consonants, making them more sonorous.

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Lincoln, England

Lincoln is a cathedral city and the county town of Lincolnshire in the East Midlands of England.

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Linlithgow

Linlithgow (Gleann Iucha, Lithgae) is a town in West Lothian, Scotland.

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Linlithgow Loch

Linlithgow Loch lies immediately north of the town of Linlithgow in West Lothian, Scotland.

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List of contemporary ethnic groups

The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups.

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List of English words of Brittonic origin

The number of English words known to be derived from the Brittonic language is remarkably small.

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List of English words of Welsh origin

This is a list of English language words of Welsh language origin.

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List of etymologies of country subdivision names

This article provides a collection of the etymology of the names of country subdivisions.

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List of Indo-European languages

The Indo-European languages include some 439 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken by about three billion people, including most of the major language families of Europe and western Asia, which belong to a single superfamily.

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List of kings of Strathclyde

The list of the kings of Strathclyde concerns the kings of Alt Clut, later Strathclyde, a Brythonic kingdom in what is now western Scotland.

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List of languages by type of grammatical genders

This article lists languages depending on their approach to grammatical gender.

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List of last known speakers of languages

Any language is determined to be an extinct language when the last native or fluent speaker of that language dies.

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List of legendary kings of Britain

The following list of legendary kings of Britain derives predominantly from Geoffrey of Monmouth's circa 1136 work Historia Regum Britanniae ("the History of the Kings of Britain").

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List of linguists

A linguist in the academic sense is a person who studies natural language (an academic discipline known as linguistics).

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List of numbers in various languages

The following tables list the cardinal number names and symbols for the numbers 0 through 10 in various languages and scripts of the world.

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List of places in the Godalming hundred

Places in the ancient Godalming hundred of Surrey (with their probable meanings) include.

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List of redundant place names

A place name is tautological if two differently sounding parts of it are synonymous.

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List of Saint Patrick's crosses

A variety of crosses, both designs and physical objects, have been associated with Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland.

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List of Scottish writers

This list of Scottish writers is an incomplete alphabetical list of Scottish writers who have a Wikipedia page.

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List of state and territory name etymologies of the United States

The fifty U.S. states, five inhabited territories and the District of Columbia have taken their names from a wide variety of languages.

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List of Welsh people

This is a list of Welsh people (rhestr Cymry); an ethnic group and nation associated with Wales.

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List of Welsh writers

List of Welsh writers is an incomplete alphabetical list of writers from Wales.

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List of writing systems

This is a list of writing systems (or scripts), classified according to some common distinguishing features.

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Little Cumbrae

Little Cumbrae (Wee Cumbrae, Cumaradh Beag) is an island in the Firth of Clyde, in North Ayrshire, Scotland.

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Little Mell Fell

Little Mell Fell (Bare hill, with the later additions of both "Fell" and "Little") is a small fell in the English Lake District.

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Llan (placename)

Llan and its variants (lan; lann; lhan) are a common placename element in Brythonic languages.

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Loch

Loch is the Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Scots word for a lake or for a sea inlet.

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Loucetios

In Gallo-Roman religion, Loucetios (Latinized as Leucetius) was a Gallic god known from the Rhine-Moselle region, where he was invariably identified with the Roman Mars.

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Lugh

Lugh or Lug (Modern Irish: Lú) is an important god of Irish mythology.

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Lynn (name)

Lynn or Lynne is a surname and given name in English-speaking countries.

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Mai-Dun

Mai-Dun is an orchestral work composed in 1921 by John Ireland (18791962).

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Mailoc

Mailoc or Maeloc was a 6th-century bishop of Britonia, a settlement founded by expatriate Britons in Galicia, Spain.

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Maine

Maine is a U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.

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Maleagant

Maleagant (alternately Meliagant, Meligaunt, Meliagaunt, Meliaganz, Meliagrance, Mellyagraunce, Mellegrans, etc.) is a villain from Arthurian legend.

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Manaw Gododdin

Manaw Gododdin was the narrow coastal region on the south side of the Firth of Forth, part of the Brythonic-speaking Kingdom of Gododdin in the post-Roman Era.

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Manx language

No description.

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Manx people

The Manx (ny Manninee) are people originating in the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea in northern Europe.

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Maponos

In ancient Celtic religion, Maponos or Maponus ("Great Son") is a god of youth known mainly in northern Britain but also in Gaul.

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Mars (mythology)

In ancient Roman religion and myth, Mars (Mārs) was the god of war and also an agricultural guardian, a combination characteristic of early Rome.

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Matriarchy

Matriarchy is a social system in which females (most notably in mammals) hold the primary power positions in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property at the specific exclusion of males - at least to a large degree.

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Mên Scryfa

Mên Scryfa (or Mên Scrifa, literally "stone with writing") is an inscribed standing stone in Cornwall, United Kingdom.

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Mead

Mead (archaic and dialectal meath or meathe, from Old English medu) is an alcoholic beverage created by fermenting honey with water, sometimes with various fruits, spices, grains, or hops.

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Medieval Welsh literature

Medieval Welsh literature is the literature written in the Welsh language during the Middle Ages.

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Melrose, Scottish Borders

Melrose (Maolros, "bald moor") is a small town and civil parish in the Scottish Borders, historically in Roxburghshire.

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Menapii

The Menapii were a Belgic tribe of northern Gaul in pre-Roman and Roman times.

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Menhir

A menhir (from Brittonic languages: maen or men, "stone" and hir or hîr, "long"), standing stone, orthostat, lith or masseba/matseva is a large manmade upright stone.

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Meonwara

Meonwara or Meonsæte is the name of a people of the Meon Valley, in southern Hampshire, England, during the late 5th century and early 6th century.

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Meredith

Meredith is a Welsh Brittonic family name (surname), and is also sometimes used as a girl's or boy's forename.

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Meriadoc

Meriadoc is a name of Brittonic origin, corresponding to Meiriadog in medieval and modern Welsh, Meryasek (or similar spellings) in Cornish, and Meriadek in modern Breton.

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Middle Welsh

Middle Welsh (Cymraeg Canol) is the label attached to the Welsh language of the 12th to 15th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period.

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Millport, Cumbrae

Millport (Scottish Gaelic: Port a' Mhuilinn) is the only town on the island of Great Cumbrae in the Firth of Clyde off the coast of North Ayrshire.

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Minor places in Middle-earth

The stories of J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium contain references to numerous places.

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Modron

Modron ("mother") is a figure in Welsh tradition, known as the mother of the hero Mabon ap Modron.

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Names of Easter

The Christian holiday Easter has several names.

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Newcombe

Newcombe is a British surname of Brythonic origin, "-combe" or "-coombe" being cognate with the Welsh "cwm" meaning valley.

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Niddrie, Edinburgh

Niddrie is a suburb of south-east Edinburgh in Scotland.

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Norse activity in the British Isles

Norse activity in the British Isles occurred during the Early Medieval period when members of the Norse populations of Scandinavia travelled to Britain and Ireland to settle, trade or raid.

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Northern England

Northern England, also known simply as the North, is the northern part of England, considered as a single cultural area.

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Northern Subject Rule

The Northern Subject Rule is a grammatical pattern that occurs in Northern English and Scots dialects.

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Novantae

The Novantae were a people of the late 2nd century who lived in what is now Galloway and Carrick, in southwestern-most Scotland.

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O'Rahilly's historical model

O'Rahilly's historical model is a theory of the history of early Ireland put forward by Celts scholar T. F. O'Rahilly in 1946.

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Old English

Old English (Ænglisc, Anglisc, Englisc), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.

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Old Welsh

Old Welsh (Hen Gymraeg) is the label attached to the Welsh language from about 800 AD until the early 12th century when it developed into Middle Welsh.

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Origins of the Kingdom of Alba

The origins of the Kingdom of Alba pertain to the origins of the Kingdom of Alba, or the Gaelic Kingdom of Scotland, either as a mythological event or a historical process, during the Early Middle Ages.

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Otley

Otley is a market town and civil parish at a bridging point on the River Wharfe in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England.

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Paisley, Renfrewshire

Paisley (Pàislig, Paisley) is the largest town in the historic county of Renfrewshire in the west central Lowlands of Scotland and serves as the administrative centre for the Renfrewshire council area.

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Pan-Celticism

Pan-Celticism (Pan-Chelteachas), also known as Celticism or Celtic nationalism is a political, social and cultural movement advocating solidarity and cooperation between Celtic nations (both the Gaelic and Brythonic branches) and the modern Celts in North-Western Europe.

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Paschal greeting

The Paschal Greeting, also known as the Easter Acclamation, is an Easter custom among Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Catholic, and Anglicans Christians.

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Patagonian Welsh

Patagonian Welsh (Welsh: Cymraeg y Wladfa) is the name given to the Welsh language as spoken in Y Wladfa, the Welsh settlement in Patagonia, Argentina, specifically in the province of Chubut.

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Peebles

Peebles (Na Pùballan) is a royal burgh in Peeblesshire, of which it is the county town, within the Scottish Borders region.

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Pencersæte

The Pencersaete or Pencersæte (Old English: /Pe:nt͡ʃersæte/) (dwellers of the Penk valley) were a tribe or clan in Anglo-Saxon England living in the valley of the River Penk in the West Midlands of England and remaining around Penkridge throughout the existence of the Kingdom of Mercia.

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Penketh

Penketh is a civil parish and suburb of Warrington, Cheshire, England.

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Penn, Buckinghamshire

Penn is a village and civil parish in the Chiltern district of Buckinghamshire, England.

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Pennyland

A pennyland (“peighinn”) is an old Scottish land measurement.

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Penshaw Monument

The Penshaw Monument, officially The Earl of Durham's Monument, was built in 1844 on Penshaw Hill between the districts of Washington and Houghton-le-Spring, within the City of Sunderland, North East England.

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Peredur son of Efrawg

Peredur son of Efrawg is one of the three Welsh Romances associated with the Mabinogion.

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Petuaria

Petuaria (or Petuaria Parisorum) was originally a Roman fort situated where the town of Brough in the East Riding of Yorkshire now stands.

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Pictish language

Pictish is the extinct language, or dialect, spoken by the Picts, the people of eastern and northern Scotland from the late Iron Age to the Early Middle Ages.

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Picts

The Picts were a tribal confederation of peoples who lived in what is today eastern and northern Scotland during the Late Iron Age and Early Medieval periods.

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Place name origins

In much of the "Old World" (approximately Africa, Asia and Europe) the names of many places cannot easily be interpreted or understood; they do not convey any apparent meaning in the modern language of the area.

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Poetry of Scotland

Poetry of Scotland includes all forms of verse written in Brythonic, Latin, Scottish Gaelic, Scots, French, English and Esperanto and any language in which poetry has been written within the boundaries of modern Scotland, or by Scottish people.

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Politics of Cornwall

Cornwall is administered as a county of South West England whose politics are influenced by a number of issues that make it distinct from the general political scene in the wider United Kingdom, and the political trends of neighbouring counties.

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Prehistoric Ireland

The prehistory of Ireland has been pieced together from archaeological and genetic evidence; it begins with the first evidence of humans in Ireland around 12,500 years ago and finishes with the start of the historical record around 400 AD.

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Presley

Most instances of the surname Presley and variants Pressley and Pressly are thought to be ultimately of English, Scottish or Welsh origin.

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Proto-Celtic language

The Proto-Celtic language, also called Common Celtic, is the reconstructed ancestor language of all the known Celtic languages.

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Renfrew

Renfrew (Rinn Friù) is a town west of Glasgow, and the historical county town of Renfrewshire.

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Rheged

Rheged was one of the kingdoms of the Hen Ogledd ("Old North"), the Brittonic-speaking region of what is now Northern England and southern Scotland, during the post-Roman era and Early Middle Ages.

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Riddle

A riddle is a statement or question or phrase having a double or veiled meaning, put forth as a puzzle to be solved.

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Ridyard

Ridyard is a locational surname of British origin, which means a person from the village of Rudyard in Staffordshire.

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River Avon, Falkirk

The Avon is a river largely in the Falkirk council area of Scotland.

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River Avon, Hampshire

The River Avon is a river in the south of England.

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River Beal

The Beal is a small river in Greater Manchester, England, and is a tributary of the River Roch.

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River Boyd

The River Boyd is a river of some in length which rises near Dodington in South Gloucestershire, England.

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River Calder, Highland

The River Calder (Caladar) is a left bank tributary of the River Spey in the Scottish Highlands.

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River Calder, Lancashire

The River Calder is a major tributary of the River Ribble in Lancashire, England and is around in length.

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River Crake

The River Crake is a short river in the English Lake District.

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River Dart

The River Dart is a river in Devon, England which rises high on Dartmoor, and releases to the sea at Dartmouth.

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River Derwent (Tasmania)

The Derwent River is a river located in Tasmania, Australia.

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River Derwent, North East England

The River Derwent is a river which flows between the borders of County Durham and Northumberland in the north east of England.

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River Dove, North Yorkshire

The River Dove is a river in North Yorkshire, England.

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River Frome, Bristol

The River Frome, historically the River Froom, is a river in South Gloucestershire and Bristol, England.

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River Glen, Lincolnshire

The River Glen is a river in Lincolnshire, England with a short stretch passing through Rutland near Essendine.

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River Laver

The River Laver is a tributary of the River Skell, itself a tributary of the River Ure in North Yorkshire, England.

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River Malago

The Malago is a tributary of the Bristol Avon in southwestern England, some long.

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River Ouse, Yorkshire

The River Ouse is a river in North Yorkshire, England.

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River Severn

The River Severn (Afon Hafren, Sabrina) is a river in the United Kingdom.

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River Spey

The River Spey (Scottish Gaelic: Uisge Spè) is a river in the northeast of Scotland.

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River Tavy

The Tavy is a river on Dartmoor, Devon, England.

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River Teme

The River Teme (pronounced; Afon Tefeidiad) rises in Mid Wales, south of Newtown, and flows through Knighton where it crosses the border into England down to Ludlow in Shropshire, then to the north of Tenbury Wells on the Shropshire/Worcestershire border there, on its way to join the River Severn south of Worcester.

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River Thames

The River Thames is a river that flows through southern England, most notably through London.

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River Trym

The River Trym is a short river, some in length, which rises in Filton, South Gloucestershire, England.

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River Ure

The River Ure is a river in North Yorkshire, England, approximately long from its source to the point where it changes name to the River Ouse.

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River Wear

The River Wear in North East England rises in the Pennines and flows eastwards, mostly through County Durham to the North Sea in the City of Sunderland.

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River Wharfe

The River Wharfe is a river in Yorkshire, England.

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Rollright

Rollright is a civil parish in West Oxfordshire, England.

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Rollright Stones

The Rollright Stones is a complex of three Neolithic and Bronze Age megalithic monuments near the village of Long Compton, on the borders of Oxfordshire and Warwickshire.

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Rowena

Rowena in the Matter of Britain was the daughter of the mythological Anglo-Saxon chief Hengist and wife of Vortigern, "King of the Britons".

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Rushop

Rushop or Rushup is a small North Derbyshire village.

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Saint Kea

Saint Kea (Breton and Cornish: Ke; Ké) was a late 5th-century British saint from the Hen Ogledd ("Old North")—the Brythonic-speaking parts of what is now southern Scotland and northern England.

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Saint Piran

Saint Piran or Pyran (Peran, Piranus), died c. 480,. Oecumenical Patriarchate, Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain.

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Samhain

Samhain is a Gaelic festival marking the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter or the "darker half" of the year.

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Scone Palace

Scone Palace is a Category A listed historic house and 5 star tourism attraction near the village of Scone and the city of Perth, Scotland.

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Scotland

Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

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Scotland during the Roman Empire

Scotland during the Roman Empire refers to the protohistorical period during which the Roman Empire interacted with the area that is now Scotland, which was known to them as "Caledonia".

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Scotland in the Early Middle Ages

Scotland was divided into a series of kingdoms in the early Middle Ages, i.e. between the end of Roman authority in southern and central Britain from around 400 CE and the rise of the kingdom of Alba in 900 CE.

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Scotland in the High Middle Ages

The High Middle Ages of Scotland encompass Scotland in the era between the death of Domnall II in 900 AD and the death of King Alexander III in 1286, which was an indirect cause of the Scottish Wars of Independence.

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Scotland in the Middle Ages

Scotland in the Middle Ages concerns the history of Scotland from the departure of the Romans to the adoption of major aspects of the Renaissance in the early sixteenth century.

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Scottish island names

The modern names of Scottish islands stem from two main influences.

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Scottish literature

Scottish literature is literature written in Scotland or by Scottish writers.

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Scottish literature in the Middle Ages

Scottish literature in the Middle Ages is literature written in Scotland, or by Scottish writers, between the departure of the Romans from Britain in the fifth century, until the establishment of the Renaissance in the late fifteenth century and early sixteenth century.

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Scottish toponymy

Scottish toponymy derives from the languages of Scotland.

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Segontiaci

The Segontiaci were a tribe of Iron Age Britain in the first century BCE.

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Selgovae

The Selgovae were a people of the late 2nd century who lived in what is now the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright and Dumfriesshire, on the southern coast of Scotland.

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Sindarin

Sindarin is a fictional language devised by J. R. R. Tolkien for use in his fantasy stories set in Arda, primarily in Middle-earth.

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Somerset

Somerset (or archaically, Somersetshire) is a county in South West England which borders Gloucestershire and Bristol to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east and Devon to the south-west.

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South West England

South West England is one of nine official regions of England.

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Southwestern Brittonic languages

The Southwestern Brittonic languages are the Brittonic Celtic tongues spoken in South West England and Brittany since the Early Middle Ages.

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Speenhamland, Berkshire

Speenhamland is a area within modern Newbury, Berkshire, which gave rise to the Speenhamland system of poor relief in the early 19th century.

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Stirling

Stirling (Stirlin; Sruighlea) is a city in central Scotland.

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Street, Somerset

Street is a large village and civil parish in the county of Somerset, England.

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Sub-Roman Britain

Sub-Roman Britain is the transition period between the Roman Empire's Crisis of the Third Century around CE 235 (and the subsequent collapse and end of Roman Britain), until the start of the Early Medieval period.

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Talkin

Talkin is a village in Cumbria, England situated close to Talkin Tarn.

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Talkin Tarn

Talkin Tarn is a glacial lake and country park near Brampton, Cumbria, England.

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TARDIS

The TARDIS ("Time And Relative Dimension In Space") is a fictional time machine and spacecraft that appears in the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who and its various spin-offs.

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Tarves

Tarves (Tarbhais), Aberdeenshire, is a small village, situated in the Formartine area of North East Scotland and lies between Oldmeldrum and Methlick.

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Telerin

Telerin (Lindalambë) is a constructed language devised by J. R. R. Tolkien.

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Terminology of the British Isles

The terminology of the British Isles refers to the various words and phrases that are used to describe the different (and sometimes overlapping) geographical and political areas of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, and the smaller islands which surround them.

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The Chevin

The Chevin is the name given to the ridge on the south side of Wharfedale in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, overlooking the market town of Otley, and often known as Otley Chevin.

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The Voyage of Bran

Immram Brain (maic Febail) (The Voyage of Bran (son of Febail)) is a medieval Irish narrative.

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Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain

The Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain (Welsh: Tri Thlws ar Ddeg Ynys Prydain) are a series of items in late medieval Welsh tradition.

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Timeline of Cardiff history

The timeline of Cardiff history shows the significant events in the history of Cardiff which transformed it from a small Roman fort into the modern capital city of Wales.

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Toponymy of England

The toponymy of England, like the English language itself, derives from various linguistic origins.

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Tranent Parish Church

Tranent Parish Church is a kirk belonging to the Church of Scotland.

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Trewartha

Trewartha and Andrewartha are Cornish family names (and placename, Dexter).

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Troon

Troon is a town in South Ayrshire, situated on the west coast of Ayrshire in Scotland, about north of Ayr and northwest of Glasgow Prestwick Airport.

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Urquhart (surname)

Urquhart is a Scottish surname.

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Vicus

In Ancient Rome, the vicus (plural vici) was a neighborhood or settlement.

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Vigesimal

The vigesimal or base 20 numeral system is based on twenty (in the same way in which the decimal numeral system is based on ten).

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Vita Sancti Niniani

The Vita Sancti Niniani ("Life of Saint Ninian") or simply Vita Niniani ("Life of Ninian") is a Latin language Christian hagiography written in northern England in the mid-12th century. Using two earlier Anglo-Latin sources, it was written by Ailred of Rievaulx seemingly at the request of a Bishop of Galloway. It is loosely based on the career of the early British churchman Uinniau or Finnian, whose name through textual misreadings was rendered "Ninian" by high medieval English and Anglo-Norman writers, subsequently producing a distinct cult. Saint Ninian was thus an "unhistorical doppelganger" of someone else. The Vita tells "Ninian's" life-story, and relates ten miracles, six during the saint's lifetime and four posthumous.

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Voiceless dental fricative

The voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.

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Wales

Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain.

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Wales in the Middle Ages

Wales in the Middle Ages covers the history of the region that is now called Wales, from the departure of the Romans in the early fifth century, until the annexation of Wales into the Kingdom of England in the early sixteenth century.

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Wales in the Roman era

The history of Wales in the Roman era began in 48 AD with a military invasion by the imperial governor of Roman Britain.

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Wansdyke (earthwork)

Wansdyke (from Woden's Dyke) is a series of early medieval defensive linear earthworks in the West Country of England, consisting of a ditch and a running embankment from the ditch spoil, with the ditching facing north.

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Warfare in Medieval Scotland

Warfare in Medieval Scotland includes all military activity in the modern borders of Scotland, or by forces originating in the region, between the departure of the Romans in the fifth century and the adoption of the innovations of the Renaissance in the early sixteenth century.

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Welsh language

Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg) is a member of the Brittonic branch of the Celtic languages.

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Welsh people

The Welsh (Cymry) are a nation and ethnic group native to, or otherwise associated with, Wales, Welsh culture, Welsh history, and the Welsh language.

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West Country English

West Country English is one of the English language varieties and accents used by much of the native population of South West England, the area sometimes popularly known as the West Country.

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Western Brittonic languages

Western Brittonic languages comprise two dialects into which Common Brittonic split during the Early Middle Ages; its counterpart was the ancestor of the Southwestern Brittonic languages.

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Whimple

Whimple is a village and civil parish in East Devon in the English county of Devon, approximately due east of the city of Exeter, and from the nearest small town, Ottery St Mary.

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Withenoc

Withenoc or Guihenoc de La Boussac (also spelled in other ways, including Wihenoc, Gwethenoc, Withenock, etc.) (c. 1035 - after 1101) was a nobleman and monk of Breton origin, who was lord of Monmouth between 1075 and 1082 and was responsible for founding the Priory at Monmouth.

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WordCrex

WordCrex is a mobile app similar to the famous word game Scrabble and Wordfeud.

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Yan Tan Tethera

Yan Tan Tethera is a sheep-counting rhyme/system traditionally used by shepherds in Northern England and earlier in some other parts of Britain.

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Brithonic, British (Celtic) languages, British Celtic, British Celtic languages, Britonic languages, Britonnic language, Brittonnic, Brythonic Languages, Brythonic languages, Brythonic-speaking, Brythonnic, Insular Brythonic, List of Brythonic languages, P-Celts, Proto-Brythonic language.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittonic_languages

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