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Charles XII of Sweden

Index Charles XII of Sweden

Charles XII, also Carl (Karl XII; 17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 O.S.), Latinized to Carolus Rex, was the King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718. [1]

660 relations: Absolute monarchy, Adam Abraham von Gaffron und Oberstradam, Adam Heinrich von Steinau, Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski, Adoption of the Gregorian calendar, Age of Liberty, Agriculture in Sweden, Ahmed III, Akershus Fortress, Aleksander Benedykt Sobieski, Alexander Danilovich Menshikov, Alexander Suvorov, Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia, Allotment system, Altranstädt, Amalia von Königsmarck, Anders Nilsen Wiborg, Andreas Rudman, Andrey Khilkov, Anikita Repnin, Anna Colbjørnsdatter, Anna Constantia von Brockdorff, Anna Jöransdotter, Anna Krefting, Anna Woynarowska, Anrep family, Anti-Russian sentiment, Anton Egon, Prince of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg, Apollon Maykov, Archbishop of Uppsala, Archil of Imereti, Arjeplog Municipality, Arvid August Afzelius, Arvid Axel Mardefelt, Arvid Horn, Attack on Marstrand, August Blanche, Augustus II the Strong, Augustus the Strong (film), Avtonom Golovin, Axel Erik Roos, Axel Gyllenkrok, Åsleik Engmark, Çorlulu Ali Pasha, Baltacı Mehmet Pasha, Baltic Fleet, Baltzar von Dahlheim, Baron Hugo Hamilton, Barth, Germany, Barthold Nicolai Landsberg, ..., Basmo Fortress, Battle of Berezina (disambiguation), Battle of Castiglione (1706), Battle of Darsūniškis, Battle of Desna, Battle of Dynekilen, Battle of Fraustadt, Battle of Grodno (1706), Battle of Grodno (1708), Battle of Høland, Battle of Holowczyn, Battle of Kalisz, Battle of Kletsk (1706), Battle of Kliszów, Battle of Koniecpol, Battle of Krasnokutsk–Gorodnoye, Battle of Lesnaya, Battle of Malatitze, Battle of Napue, Battle of Narva (1700), Battle of Olkieniki, Battle of Olkieniki (1706), Battle of Oposhnya, Battle of Pälkäne, Battle of Petschora, Battle of Poltava, Battle of Poniec, Battle of Praga (1705), Battle of Pułtusk (1703), Battle of Rajovka, Battle of Stäket, Battle of Stresow, Battle of Varja, Battle of Vilnius (1702), Battle of Warsaw (1705), Battles at Göta Älv, Beata Elisabet von Königsmarck, Beata Sparre, Bedoirsgränd, Bender, Moldova, Bengt Erland Fogelberg, Bengt Gabrielsson Oxenstierna, Benjamin Danielsson Roth, Berezina River, Bible translations into Swedish, Blaker Fortress, Borgåsgubben, Borgholm Castle, Boris Kurakin, Boris Sheremetev, Bourse (Gothenburg), Brandenburg-Prussia, Brødrene Dal, Breaking wheel, Bremen-Verden, Burial sites of European monarchs and consorts, Byaroza, Byaroza Monastery, Byerazino, Cabbage roll, Campaign of Grodno, Capitulation of Estonia and Livonia, Carl Gustaf Armfeldt, Carl Gustaf Creutz, Carl Gustaf Roos, Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld, Carl Henrik Wrangel, Carl of Sweden, Carl Otto Nordensvan, Carl Piper, Carolean, Carolean Death March, Caroleans, Carolus, Carolus Rex (album), Casimir William of Hesse-Homburg, Catarina Wentin, Catherine Opalińska, Caul, Chancellor, Chancellor of Justice, Chancellor of Justice (Sweden), Charles, Charles Caesar (Treasurer of the Navy), Charles Christian Reisen, Charles Frederick d’Arensbourg, Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Charles of Sweden, Charles XI of Sweden, Charles XII (film), Charles XII Bible, Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel, Christian Ferdinand Abel, Christian Theodor von Pincier, Christopher Polhem, Chrzanów, Civil war in Poland (1704–06), Cold-weather warfare, Commander-in-chief, Constitution, Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk, Cornelius Anckarstjerna, Cossack Hetmanate, Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff, Countess Palatine Hedwig Elisabeth of Neuburg, Crossing of the Düna, Cultural legacy of Mazeppa, Dalecarlian horse, Danylo Apostol, Darsūniškis, David von Krafft, Denmark–Russia relations, Descendants of Charles I of England, Descendants of James VI and I, Devlet II Giray, Didrik Ficks Gränd, Didymoteicho, Dmitry Mikhaylovich Golitsyn, Dobele Castle, Drottningholm Palace, Duke of Finland, Early Modern Romania, Edirne, Elżbieta Sieniawska, Elizabeth of Russia, Emanuel Swedenborg, Embalming, Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş Sultan, Enrum, Erik Benzelius the Elder, Erik Carlsson Sjöblad, Eva Margareta Frölich, February 1, Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Finland under Swedish rule, Finnhorse, Fittja gård, Foreign policy of the Russian Empire, Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer, Frans G. 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Absolute monarchy

Absolute monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which one ruler has supreme authority and where that authority is not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customs.

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Adam Abraham von Gaffron und Oberstradam

Adam Abraham von Gaffron und Oberstradam (11 October 1665 – 11 May 1738) was a member of the Silesian ancient noble family, Gaffron.

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Adam Heinrich von Steinau

Adam Heinrich Graf von Steinau (died 1712) was a Saxon Generalfeldmarschall.

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Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski

Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski (1666–1726) was a Polish noble (szlachcic), military leader.

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Adoption of the Gregorian calendar

The adoption of the Gregorian Calendar was an event in the modern history of most nations and societies, marking a change from their traditional (or old style) dating system to the modern (or new style) dating system that is widely used around the world today.

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Age of Liberty

In Swedish and Finnish history, the Age of Liberty (Age of Freedom) (Frihetstiden) is a half-century-long period of parliamentary governance and increasing civil rights, beginning with Charles XII's death in 1718 and ending with Gustav III's self-coup in 1772.

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Agriculture in Sweden

Agriculture in Sweden differs by region.

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Ahmed III

Ahmed III (Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثالث, Aḥmed-i sālis) (30/31 December 16731 July 1736) was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV (r. 1648–87).

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Akershus Fortress

Akershus Fortress (Akershus Festning) or Akershus Castle (Akershus slott) is a medieval castle that was built to protect and provide a royal residence for Oslo, the capital of Norway.

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Aleksander Benedykt Sobieski

Aleksander Benedykt Stanisław Sobieski (9 September 1677 – 16 November 1714) was a Polish prince, nobleman, diplomat, writer, scholar and the son of John III Sobieski, King of Poland, and his wife, Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien.

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Alexander Danilovich Menshikov

Prince Aleksander Danilovich Menshikov (Алекса́ндр Дани́лович Ме́ншиков; –) was a Russian statesman, whose official titles included Generalissimus, Prince of the Russian Empire and Duke of Izhora (Duke of Ingria), Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Duke of Cosel.

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Alexander Suvorov

Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Суво́ров, r Aleksandr Vasil‘evich Suvorov; or 1730 –) was a Russian military leader, considered a national hero.

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Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia

Alexei Petrovich Romanov (28 February 1690 – 7 July 1718) was a Russian Tsarevich.

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Allotment system

The allotment system (indelningsverket; ruotujakolaitos) was a system used in Sweden for keeping a trained army at all times.

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Altranstädt

Altranstädt is a village in Saxony, Germany, now part of the Markranstädt district of Leipzig.

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Amalia von Königsmarck

Amalia "Emilie" Wilhelmina Königsmarck (20 August 1663 – 30 January 1740) was a Swedish noble, known as a dilettante artist (painter), amateur actor, and poet.

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Anders Nilsen Wiborg

Anders Nilsen Wiborg (c. 1655 – 1718) was the fourth commander of the Christiansfjeld Fortress in Norway.

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Andreas Rudman

Andreas Rudman (November 3, 1668 – September 17, 1708) was a pioneer Swedish-American Lutheran minister.

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Andrey Khilkov

Prince Andrey Yakovlevich Khilkoff (1676–1716) was Russian ambassador to Sweden.

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Anikita Repnin

Prince Anikita Ivanovich Repnin (Аники́та Ива́нович Репни́н; 1668 – 3 July 1726, in Riga) was a prominent Russian general during the Great Northern War who superintended the taking of Riga in 1710 and served as the Governor of Livland from 1719 until his death.

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Anna Colbjørnsdatter

Anna Colbjørnsdatter Arneberg (1667–1736) was a Norwegian national heroine who was most known for her participation in the Battle of Norderhov (slaget på Norderhov) during the Great Northern War.

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Anna Constantia von Brockdorff

Anna Constantia von Brockdorff (17 October 1680 – 31 March 1765), later the Countess of Cosel, was a German lady-in-waiting and noblewoman, and mistress of Augustus the Strong, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, in 1706-1713.

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Anna Jöransdotter

Anna Jöransdotter (floruit 1714), was a Finnish soldier.

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Anna Krefting

Anna Paulsdatter Krefting née Vogt (1683-1766), was a Norwegian businesswoman who ran and expanded her family's business enterprises in and around Christiania for over 50 years.

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Anna Woynarowska

Anna Woynarowska (died after 1742), was a Polish noble.

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Anrep family

Anrep is a family, belonging to Swedish and Russian nobility.

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Anti-Russian sentiment

Anti-Russian sentiment or Russophobia is a diverse spectrum of negative feelings, dislikes, fears, aversion, derision and/or prejudice of Russia, Russians or Russian culture.

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Anton Egon, Prince of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg

Anton Egon (23 April 1656 – 10 October 1716), a member of the Swabian House of Fürstenberg, was Imperial Prince and Princely Landgrave of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg from 1674 until his death.

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Apollon Maykov

Apollon Nikolayevich Maykov (Аполло́н Никола́евич Ма́йков,, Moscow –, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian poet, best known for his lyric verse showcasing images of Russian villages, nature, and history.

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Archbishop of Uppsala

The archbishop of Uppsala (spelled Upsala until the early 20th century) has been the primate in Sweden in an unbroken succession since 1164, first during the Catholic era, and from the 1530s and onward under the Lutheran church.

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Archil of Imereti

Archil (არჩილი) (1647 – April 16, 1713), of Bagrationi dynasty, king of Imereti in western Georgia (1661–1663, 1678–1679, 1690–1691, 1695–1696, and 1698) and of Kakheti in eastern Georgia (1664–75).

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Arjeplog Municipality

Arjeplog Municipality (Swedish: Arjeplogs kommun, Arjepluovvi gielda) is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden.

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Arvid August Afzelius

Arvid August Afzelius (8 October 1785 in Fjällåkra2 September 1871 in Enköping) was a Swedish pastor, poet, historian and mythologist.

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Arvid Axel Mardefelt

Freiherr Arvid Axel Mardefelt (around 1655 – Jakin, Poland May 18, 1708) was a Swedish Infantry General from the 18th century and a familiar of Charles XII of Sweden.

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Arvid Horn

Count Arvid Bernhard Horn af Ekebyholm (6 April 166417 April 1742) was a Swedish General, diplomat and politician.

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Attack on Marstrand

The Attack on Marstrand was a successful Dano-Norwegian siege of Marstrand and Carlsten fortress which took place from July 10 to 16, 1719 during the end of the Great Nordic War.

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August Blanche

August Blanche (17 September 1811 – 30 November 1868) was a Swedish journalist, novelist, and socialist politician.

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Augustus II the Strong

Augustus II the Strong (August II.; August II Mocny; Augustas II; 12 May 16701 February 1733) of the Albertine line of the House of Wettin was Elector of Saxony (as Frederick Augustus I), Imperial Vicar and elected King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.

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Augustus the Strong (film)

Augustus the Strong (German: August der Starke) is a 1936 German-Polish biographical film directed by Paul Wegener and starring Michael Bohnen, Lil Dagover and Marieluise Claudius.

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Avtonom Golovin

General Avtonom Mikhailovich Golovin (October 7, 1667 – July 3, 1720) was a Russian military leader and one of the associates of Peter the Great.

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Axel Erik Roos

Axel Erik Roos (1684 in Årnäs in Västergötland – December 14, 1765 in Lövåsen, Gestad, Dalsland, Sweden) was a baron, lieutenant general in the Swedish army of Charles XII of Sweden, and governor of Dalsland.

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Axel Gyllenkrok

Axel Gyllenkrok, or Gyllenkrook (August 16, 1665 – September 17, 1730) was a Swedish baron, military general, and governor of Gothenburg.

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Åsleik Engmark

Åsleik Engmark (27 December 1965 – 12 February 2017) was a Norwegian comedian, actor, singer, director and stage writer, best known for his work as one of the co-founders of the Norwegian cabaret group Lompelandslaget, and as Timon in the Norwegian version of The Lion King.

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Çorlulu Ali Pasha

Çorlulu Damat Ali Pasha (1670 in Çorlu – 1711 in Lesbos) was an Ottoman grand vizier who held the office from 1706 to 1710.

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Baltacı Mehmet Pasha

Baltacı Mehmet Pasha (also called Pakçemüezzin Baltacı Mehmet Pasha, sometimes known just as Baltacı or Baltadji; 1662, Osmancık – July 1712, Lemnos) was an Ottoman statesman who served as grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1704 to 1706, and as Kapudan Pasha (grand admiral of the Ottoman Navy) in 1704.

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Baltic Fleet

The Baltic Fleet (Балтийский флот) is the fleet of the Russian Navy in the Baltic Sea.

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Baltzar von Dahlheim

Carl Baltzar von Dahlheim (1669-1756) was a German-Swedish military officer, born in Saxony as Baltzar Tahlheim, who distinguished himself serving Sweden during the Great Northern War.

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Baron Hugo Hamilton

Hugo Hamilton, Baron Hamilton in the Sweden nobility (also Hugh) (died 1724) was a Swedish military commander of Scots-Irish background.

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Barth, Germany

Barth is a town in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Barthold Nicolai Landsberg

Barthold Nicolai von Landsberg (c. 166818 February 1740) was a Norwegian military officer.

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Basmo Fortress

Basmo fortress (Basmo festning) is a former fortification located in the north-western part of Marker municipality in Østfold, Norway.

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Battle of Berezina (disambiguation)

Battle of Berezina may refer to one of the following events that happened by the Berezina River.

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Battle of Castiglione (1706)

The Battle of Castiglione took place near Castiglione delle Stiviere in Lombardy, Italy on 8 September 1706 during the War of the Spanish Succession.

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Battle of Darsūniškis

The Battle of Darsūniškis took place on March 24, 1702 near the town of Darsūniškis (Polish: Dorsuniszki) during the Swedish invasion of Poland in the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Desna

The Battle of Desna, also known as the Crossing of the Desna River, was a three-day operation which took place on 11 to 13 November 1708 during the Swedish invasion of Russia in the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Dynekilen

The naval Battle of Dynekilen (Slaget ved Dynekilen) took place on 8 July 1716 during the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Fraustadt

The Battle of Fraustadt was fought on 2 February 1706 (O.S.) / 3 February 1706 (Swedish calendar) / 13 February 1706 (N.S.) between Sweden and Saxony-Poland and their Russian allies near Fraustadt (now Wschowa) in Poland.

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Battle of Grodno (1706)

The Battle of Grodno (1706) refers to the battle during the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Grodno (1708)

Battle of Grodno (1708) refers to the short battle on January 26, 1708, during the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Høland

The Battle of Høland were two minor skirmishes fought on Mars 9, 1716 in Høland, Norway during the Norwegian campaign of the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Holowczyn

The Battle of Holowczyn or Holofzin or Golovchin was fought between the Russian forces, and the Swedish army, led by Charles XII of Sweden, only 26 years of age at the time.

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Battle of Kalisz

The Battle of Kalisz took place on October 29, 1706 in Kalisz, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Kletsk (1706)

The Battle of Kletsk took place on 30 April 1706 (Gregorian calendar), in- and outside the city of Kletsk, Belarus during Charles XII's Polish campaign of 1701–1706, in the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Kliszów

The Battle of Kliszów (Klissow) (Klezow) took place on July 8 (Julian calendar) / July 9 (Swedish calendar) / July 19, 1702 (Gregorian calendar) near Kliszów, Poland-Lithuania, during the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Koniecpol

The Battle of Koniecpol was an encounter in November 1708 during the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Krasnokutsk–Gorodnoye

The Battle of Krasnokutsk–Gorodnoye took place on February 20–22, 1709 (Gregorian calendar), in the Swedish campaign of Russia during the Great Northern War 1700-1721.

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Battle of Lesnaya

The Battle of Lesnaya (Битва при Лесной Bitva pri Lesnoy, Slaget vid Lesna, Bitwa pod Leśną), was one of the major battles of the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Malatitze

The Battle of Molyatichi (Swedish: Malatitze), also known as the Battle of Dobroye, took place on August 31, 1708 at Molyatichi (present-day Belarus near the Russian border) during the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Napue

The Battle of Napue was fought on February 19, 1714 (O.S.) / March 2, 1714 (N.S.) at the villages of Napue and Laurola in the Isokyrö parish of the Swedish Empire (modern Finland) between the Swedish Empire and the Tsardom of Russia.

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Battle of Narva (1700)

The Battle of Narva (Битва при Нарве; Slaget vid Narva) on (20 November in the Swedish transitional calendar) was an early battle in the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Olkieniki

The Battle of Olkieniki (Valkininkų mūšis, Bitwa pod Olkienikami) took place on November 18, 1700, during the Lithuanian Civil War, between forces of the Sapieha family, led by Michał Franciszek Sapieha, and an anti-Sapieha coalition of Wiśniowiecki, Ogiński, Radziwiłł and Pac families and their supporters (including a pospolite ruszenie of Lithuanian and Samogitian szlachta), led by Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki.

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Battle of Olkieniki (1706)

The Battle of Olkieniki took place at March 6, 1706 close to the town of Olkieniki in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (today Valkininkai in Lithuania) during the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Oposhnya

The Battle of Oposhnya was a battle which took place on February 8, 1709 during the Swedish invasion of Russia in the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Pälkäne

The Battle of Pälkäne, sometimes called the Battle at Kostianvirta or Battle on the Pialkiane River (Битва на реке Пялькяне) was fought between the Russian army under Admiral Fyodor Apraksin and the defending Finnish army of Sweden under General Carl Gustaf Armfeldt on 17 October 1713, as part of the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Petschora

The Battle of Petschora took place on February 23, 1701 near the village of Pechory, Russia during the second year of the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Poltava

The Battle of Poltava (Slaget vid Poltava; Полта́вская би́тва; Полта́вська би́тва) on 27 June 1709 (8 July, N.S.) was the decisive victory of Peter I of Russia, also known as "the Great," over the Swedish forces under Field Marshal Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld, in one of the battles of the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Poniec

The Battle of Poniec took place on October 28, 1704 in Poniec, Poland, during the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Praga (1705)

The Battle of Praga took place on October 25, 1705 near the town of Warsaw, Poland during the fifth year of the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Pułtusk (1703)

The Battle of Pułtusk took place on April 21, 1703 in Pułtusk during the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Rajovka

The Battle of Rajovka took place on September 20, 1708 near Rajovka during the Swedish invasion of Russia in the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Stäket

The Battle of Stäket was a minor battle during the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Stresow

The successful Landing on Groß Stresow by Prussian, Danish and Saxon troops took place on 15 November 1715 on the island of Rügen, Germany during the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Varja

The Battle of Varja took place on November 7, 1700 close to at the villages of Varja and Aa, in the Swedish Empire during the Estonian campaign of the first year in the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Vilnius (1702)

The Battle of Vilnius was a battle which took place on 16 April 1702 in Vilnius, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, during the Great Northern War.

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Battle of Warsaw (1705)

The Battle of Warsaw (also known as the Battle of Rakowitz or Rakowiec)Rakowiec later became part of the Ochota district of Warsaw.

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Battles at Göta Älv

The battles at Göta älv were a series of battles and sieges which took place in and around the Gothenburg area between 1717 and 1719, between the Swedish Empire and Denmark-Norway, during the Great Northern War.

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Beata Elisabet von Königsmarck

Beata Elisabet von Königsmarck (1637–1723), was a Swedish countess and landowner.

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Beata Sparre

Beata Sparre (1662–1724) was a Swedish courtier.

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Bedoirsgränd

Bedoirsgränd is an alley in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden.

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Bender, Moldova

Bender, Monitorul Oficial al Republicii Moldova, no.

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Bengt Erland Fogelberg

Bengt Erland Fogelberg (also Benedict Fogelberg), (8 August 178622 December 1854) was a Swedish sculptor.

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Bengt Gabrielsson Oxenstierna

Bengt Oxenstierna Count Bengt Gabrielsson Oxenstierna (1623–1702) was a Swedish statesman.

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Benjamin Danielsson Roth

Benjamin Danielsson Roth (German: Roht) was a Saxon blacksmith and farrier who emigrated to Sweden sometime between 1706 and 1709 during the Great Northern War.

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Berezina River

The Berezina or Biarezina (Бярэ́зіна) is a river in Belarus and a tributary of the Dnieper River.

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Bible translations into Swedish

Several Swedish Bible translations have been made over the centuries.

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Blaker Fortress

Blaker Fortress (Blaker skanse) is a former defense facility located at the village of Blaker in Akershus, Norway.

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Borgåsgubben

Borgåsgubben is a 10 foot tall male figure statue made of different sizes of stone-bricks put together.

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Borgholm Castle

Borgholm Castle (Borgholms slott) in Borgholm, Sweden, is today only a ruin of the fortress that was first built in the second half of the 13th century and rebuilt many times in later centuries.

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Boris Kurakin

Prince Boris Ivanovich Kurakin (Борис Иванович Куракин in Russian) (30 July 1676, Moscow – 28 October 1727, Paris) was the third permanent Russian ambassador abroad, succeeding Andrey Matveyev in The Hague and one of the closest associates of Peter the Great.

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Boris Sheremetev

Boris Petrovich Sheremetev (Бори́с Петро́вич Шереме́тев; –) was a Russian diplomat and general field marshal during the Great Northern War.

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Bourse (Gothenburg)

The Bourse (Börsen) is a municipal building in Gothenburg, western Sweden.

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Brandenburg-Prussia

Brandenburg-Prussia (Brandenburg-Preußen) is the historiographic denomination for the Early Modern realm of the Brandenburgian Hohenzollerns between 1618 and 1701.

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Brødrene Dal

Brødrene Dal ('The Brothers Dal') is a Norwegian television series by Norwegian comedy trio KLM (Kirkvaag, Lystad, Mjøen), that originally aired as four series in 1979, 1982, 1994 and 2005.

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Breaking wheel

The breaking wheel, also known as the Catherine wheel or simply the wheel, was a torture device used for public execution from antiquity into early modern times by breaking a criminal's bones and/or bludgeoning them to death.

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Bremen-Verden

Bremen-Verden, formally the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden), were two territories and immediate fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire, which emerged and gained imperial immediacy in 1180. By their original constitution they were prince-bishoprics of the Archdiocese of Bremen and Bishopric of Verden. In 1648, both prince-bishoprics were secularised, meaning that they were transformed into hereditary monarchies by constitution, and from then on both the Duchy of Bremen and the Duchy of Verden were always ruled in personal union, initially by the royal houses of Sweden, the House of Vasa and the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, and later by the House of Hanover. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Bremen-Verden's status as fiefs of imperial immediacy became void; as they had been in personal union with the neighbouring Kingdom of Hanover, they were incorporated into that state.

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Burial sites of European monarchs and consorts

This list contains all European emperors, kings and regent princes and their consorts as well as well-known crown princes since the Middle Ages, whereas the lists are starting with either the beginning of the monarchy or with a change of the dynasty (e.g. England with the Norman king William the Conqueror, Spain with the unification of Castile and Aragon, Sweden with the Vasa dynasty, etc.). In addition, it contains the still-existing principalities of Monaco and Liechtenstein and the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg.

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Byaroza

Biaroza (Бяро́за, official Belarusian romanization standard: Biaroza, formerly Бяро́за-Карту́зская; Beryoza; Bereza) is a town of 31 000 inhabitants (1995) in Western Belarus in Brest Region and the administrative center of the Byaroza District.

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Byaroza Monastery

Byaroza monastery refers to the ruins of the former Carthusian baroque Roman Catholic Monastery of the Holy Cross, constructed in the seventeenth century in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and today situated in Belarus.

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Byerazino

Berazino (Bierazino), or Berezino (Березино́, Berezyna, Berezinas), also known as Biarezan (Бярэзань, Berezin), is a town on the Berezina River in Minsk Region of Belarus.

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Cabbage roll

A cabbage roll is a dish consisting of cooked cabbage leaves wrapped around a variety of fillings.

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Campaign of Grodno

The Campaign of Grodno was a plan developed by Johann Patkul and Otto Arnold von Paykull during the Swedish invasion of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, a part of the Great Northern War.

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Capitulation of Estonia and Livonia

With the Capitulation of Estonia and Livonia in 1710 the Swedish dominions Estonia and Livonia were integrated into the Russian EmpireLuts (2006), p. 159 following their conquest during the Great Northern War.

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Carl Gustaf Armfeldt

Carl Gustaf Armfeldt (9 November 1666 – 24 October 1736) was a Swedish officer, general and friherre (baron) who took part in the Great Northern War.

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Carl Gustaf Creutz

Carl Gustaf Creutz (1660−1728) was a Swedish general.

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Carl Gustaf Roos

Carl Gustaf Roos (before 1705, Carl Gustaf Roos af Hjelmsäter; 1655–1722) was a friherre and Major General of the Carolean Swedish Army.

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Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld

Count Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld (6 August 1651 – 29 January 1722) was a Swedish Field Marshal under the command of King Karl XII of Sweden.

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Carl Henrik Wrangel

Carl Henrik Wrangel, friherre Wrangel af Adinal (28 January 1681 – 23 March 1755) was an officer of the Swedish Army, eventually attaining the rank of Field Marshal.

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Carl of Sweden

Carl of Sweden - English also often: Charles; Swedish also officially: Karl - may refer to.

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Carl Otto Nordensvan

Carl Otto Nordensvan (7April 1851 – 30March 1924) was a Swedish general and military writer.

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Carl Piper

Carl, Count (or Greve) Piper (July 29, 1647, Stockholm – May 29, 1716, Schlüsselburg) was a Swedish statesman.

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Carolean

Carolean can refer to.

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Carolean Death March

The Carolean Death March (karolinernas dödsmarsch) or the Catastrophe of Øyfjellet refers to the disastrous retreat by a Swedish Carolean army under the command of Carl Gustaf Armfeldt across the Tydal mountain range in Trøndelag around the new year 1718–1719.

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Caroleans

Caroleans (karoliner) were the soldiers of the Swedish kings Charles XI and Charles XII whose notable tactics differed from that of Western Europe through a greater reliance upon pikes, rapiers, bayonets and the spirit of the offensive.

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Carolus

Carolus is the medieval Latin form of the name Charles, notably the name of Charlemagne (742–814).

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Carolus Rex (album)

Carolus Rex is the sixth studio album by Swedish power metal band Sabaton.

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Casimir William of Hesse-Homburg

Casimir William of Hesse-Homburg (23 March 1690 in Weferlingen – 9 October 1726 in Hötensleben) was a prince of Hesse-Homburg.

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Catarina Wentin

Catarina Wentin (1637-1707) was a Swedish (originally German) midwife, official midwife of the royal court.

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Catherine Opalińska

Catherine Opalińska (Katarzyna Opalińska; 13 October 1680 – 19 March 1747) was Queen consort of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth twice and Duchess consort of Lorraine through her marriage with Stanisław I of Poland.

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Caul

A caul or cowl (Caput galeatum, literally, "helmeted head") is a piece of membrane that can cover a newborn's head and face.

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Chancellor

Chancellor (cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations.

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Chancellor of Justice

The Chancellor of Justice is a government official found in some northern European countries, broadly responsible for supervising the lawfulness of government actions.

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Chancellor of Justice (Sweden)

The Chancellor of Justice (Justitiekanslern) is a Swedish government agency (with the agency head holding the same title as the agency name) charged with representing the Government of Sweden in various legal matters as the government's ombudsman.

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Charles

Charles is a masculine given name from the French form Charles of a Germanic name Karl.

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Charles Caesar (Treasurer of the Navy)

Charles Caesar (21 November 1673 – 2 April 1741) was a British Member of Parliament and a lawyer, a Tory and a Jacobite.

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Charles Christian Reisen

Charles Christian Reisen (1680 – 15 December 1725) was an English gem-engraver.

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Charles Frederick d’Arensbourg

Charles Frederick d'Arensbourg (sometimes written Darensbourg) (1693–1777) was an early leader in the settlement of the German Coast region of Louisiana.

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Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp

Duke Charles Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (30 April 1700 – 18 June 1739) was a Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp and an important member of European royalty.

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Charles of Sweden

Charles of Sweden may refer to.

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Charles XI of Sweden

Charles XI, also Carl (Karl XI; 24 November 1655old style – 5 April 1697old style), was King of Sweden from 1660 until his death in a period of Swedish history known as the Swedish Empire (1611–1718).

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Charles XII (film)

Charles XII (Swedish: Karl XII) is a 1925 Swedish silent historical film directed by John W. Brunius and starring Gösta Ekman, Bengt Djurberg and Augusta Lindberg.

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Charles XII Bible

The Charles XII Bible (Karl XII:s bibel) was a Bible translation into Swedish, instigated by King Charles XI in 1686 to produce an updated and modernised version of the old translation from 1541, which was known as the Gustav Vasa Bible.

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Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel

Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (27 April 1650 – 27 March 1714) was queen-consort of Denmark and Norway, by marriage to King Christian V.

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Christian Ferdinand Abel

Christian Ferdinand Abel (July or August 1682, Hanover, Germany – buried 3 April 1761 (or 1737?), Köthen, Germany) was one of the most famous German Baroque violinists, cellists and especially viol virtuosos.

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Christian Theodor von Pincier

Captain Christian Theodor von Pincier, later known as Theodore Pincier, Esquire, or as Theodore de Pencier (1750, Brunswick - 1824, Canada), was a Hessian auxiliary officer who served on the British side during the American Revolution.

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Christopher Polhem

Christopher Polhammar (18 December 1661 – 30 August 1751), better known as Christopher Polhem, which he took after his ennoblement, was a Swedish scientist, inventor and industrialist.

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Chrzanów

Chrzanów is a town in southern Poland with 39,704 inhabitants.

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Civil war in Poland (1704–06)

The civil war in Poland (1704–1706) was a part of a larger European conflict, the Great Northern War.

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Cold-weather warfare

Cold-weather warfare, also known as Arctic warfare or winter warfare, encompasses military operations affected by snow, ice, thawing conditions or cold, both on land and at sea.

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Commander-in-chief

A commander-in-chief, also sometimes called supreme commander, or chief commander, is the person or body that exercises supreme operational command and control of a nation's military forces.

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Constitution

A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.

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Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk

The Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk (Конституція Пилипа Орлика (Konstytutsiya Pylypa Orlyka) or Pacts and Constitutions of Rights and Freedoms of the Zaporizhian Host Пакти і Конституції прав і вольностей Війська Запорозького (Pakty i Konstytutsii Prav i Volnostei Viyska Zaporozkoho), Pacta et Constitutiones Legum Libertatumque Exercitus Zaporoviensis) was a 1710 constitutional document written by Hetman Pylyp Orlyk, a Cossack of Ukraine.

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Cornelius Anckarstjerna

Cornelius Didrikson Thijsen Anckarstierna (25 January 1655 – 19 April 1714) was a Swedish admiral of Dutch origin and a member of the Swedish House of Nobility.

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Cossack Hetmanate

The Cossack Hetmanate (Гетьманщина), officially known as Zaporizhian Host (Військо Запорозьке), was a Cossack state in Central Ukraine between 1649 and 1764 (some sources claim until 1782).

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Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff

Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff (Johann Hartwig Ernst Graf von Bernstorff; 13 May 1712 – 18 February 1772) was a German-Danish statesman and a member of the Bernstorff noble family of Mecklenburg.

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Countess Palatine Hedwig Elisabeth of Neuburg

Hedwig Elisabeth of Neuburg (Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia; 18 July 1673 – 10 August 1722) was a Polish princess by marriage to James Louis Sobieski.

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Crossing of the Düna

The Crossing of the Düna (also known as Battle of Riga) took place during the Great Northern War on July 8 (Julian calendar) / July 9 (Swedish calendar) / July 19 (Gregorian calendar) 1701 near the city of Riga, present-day Latvia.

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Cultural legacy of Mazeppa

*The spelling "Mazepa" refers to the historical person; the double-p "Mazeppa" is used for the artistic and literary works. Ivan Mazepa (1639–1709) was a significant figure in the history of Ukraine.

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Dalecarlian horse

A Dalecarlian horse or Dala horse (Swedish: Dalahäst) is a traditional carved, painted wooden statue of a horse originating in the Swedish province of Dalarna (Dalecarlia).

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Danylo Apostol

Danylo Apostol (1654–1734), was a Hetman of Zaporizhian Host from 1727 to 1734.

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Darsūniškis

Darsūniškis (Dorsuniszki, דאַרשונישאָק, Darshonishok) is a settlement on the Nemunas River in Kaišiadorys District Municipality, western Lithuania.

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David von Krafft

David Krafft, from 1719 David von Krafft (1655 – 20 September 1724) was a German-Swedish painter, the nephew and student of David Klöcker Ehrenstrahl and his successor (in 1698) as painter to the Swedish Royal Court.

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Denmark–Russia relations

Denmark–Russia relations is the relationship between the two countries, Denmark and Russia.

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Descendants of Charles I of England

Charles I of England was the second King of the then newly enthroned House of Stuart.

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Descendants of James VI and I

James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625), the only child of Mary, Queen of Scots, was King of Scots from 1567 and King of England and Ireland from 1603, being the first monarch of the House of Stuart to rule all three countries.

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Devlet II Giray

Devlet II Giray (1648 – 1718) was Crimean Khan in 1699–1702 and 1709–1713.

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Didrik Ficks Gränd

Didrik Ficks Gränd (Swedish: "Alley of Didrik Fick") is an alley in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden.

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Didymoteicho

Didymóteicho (Διδυμότειχο) is a town located on the eastern edge of the Evros regional unit of East Macedonia and Thrace, in northeastern Greece.

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Dmitry Mikhaylovich Golitsyn

Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsyn (pron; 16651737) was a Russian aristocrat of the Golitsyn family.

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Dobele Castle

Dobele Castle is a castle in the town of Dobele on the west bank of the river, in the historical region of Zemgale, in Latvia.

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Drottningholm Palace

The Drottningholm Palace (Drottningholms slott) is the private residence of the Swedish royal family.

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Duke of Finland

Duke of Finland (in Finnish Suomen herttua; Swedish hertig av Finland) was an occasional medieval title granted as a tertiogeniture to the relatives of the King of Sweden between the 13th and 16th centuries.

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Early Modern Romania

The Early Modern Times in Romania started after the death of Michael the Brave, who ruled in a personal union, Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldaviathree principalities in the lands that now form Romania for three months, in 1600.

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Edirne

Edirne, historically known as Adrianople (Hadrianopolis in Latin or Adrianoupolis in Greek, founded by the Roman emperor Hadrian on the site of a previous Thracian settlement named Uskudama), is a city in the northwestern Turkish province of Edirne in the region of East Thrace, close to Turkey's borders with Greece and Bulgaria.

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Elżbieta Sieniawska

Elżbieta Helena Sieniawska née Lubomirska (1669 in Końskowola – 21 March 1729 in Oleszyce) was a Polish noblwoman, Grand Hetmaness of the Crown (Hetmanowa wielka koronna) and renowned patron of arts.

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Elizabeth of Russia

Elizabeth Petrovna (Елизаве́та (Елисаве́та) Петро́вна) (–), also known as Yelisaveta or Elizaveta, was the Empress of Russia from 1741 until her death.

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Emanuel Swedenborg

Emanuel Swedenborg ((born Emanuel Swedberg; 29 January 1688 – 29 March 1772) was a Swedish Lutheran theologian, scientist, philosopher, revelator and mystic who inspired Swedenborgianism. He is best known for his book on the afterlife, Heaven and Hell (1758). Swedenborg had a prolific career as an inventor and scientist. In 1741, at 53, he entered into a spiritual phase in which he began to experience dreams and visions, beginning on Easter Weekend, on 6 April 1744. It culminated in a 'spiritual awakening' in which he received a revelation that he was appointed by the Lord Jesus Christ to write The Heavenly Doctrine to reform Christianity. According to The Heavenly Doctrine, the Lord had opened Swedenborg's spiritual eyes so that from then on, he could freely visit heaven and hell and talk with angels, demons and other spirits and the Last Judgment had already occurred the year before, in 1757. For the last 28 years of his life, Swedenborg wrote 18 published theological works—and several more that were unpublished. He termed himself a "Servant of the Lord Jesus Christ" in True Christian Religion, which he published himself. Some followers of The Heavenly Doctrine believe that of his theological works, only those that were published by Swedenborg himself are fully divinely inspired.

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Embalming

Embalming is the art and science of preserving human remains by treating them (in its modern form with chemicals) to forestall decomposition.

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Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş Sultan

Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş Sultan (کلنوش سلطان; 1642 – 6 November 1715) was Haseki Sultan of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV and Valide Sultan to their sons Mustafa II and Ahmed III.

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Enrum

Enrum is a listed mansion on Strandvejen in Vedbæk, Rudersdal Municipality, some 20 kilometres north of Copenhagen, Denmark.

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Erik Benzelius the Elder

Erik Benzelius (the Elder) (16 December 1632 – 17 February 1709) was a Swedish theologian and Archbishop of Uppsala.

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Erik Carlsson Sjöblad

Erik Carlsson Sjöblad (August 28, 1647 – May 31, 1725) was a Swedish governor, admiral, and baron.

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Eva Margareta Frölich

Eva Margareta Frölich (c. 1650 – September 1692 in Stockholm), was a Swedish mystic, prophet, visionary and Pietistic writer.

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February 1

No description.

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Fersman Mineralogical Museum

Fersman Mineralogical Museum (Минералогический музей им.) is one of the largest mineral museums of the world, located in Moscow, Russia.

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Finland under Swedish rule

Finland under Swedish rule refers to the period in the history of Finland when it was a part of Sweden.

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Finnhorse

The Finnhorse or Finnish Horse (Suomenhevonen, literally "horse of Finland"; nickname: Suokki, or Finskt kallblod, literally "finnish cold-blood") is a horse breed with both riding horse and draught horse influences and characteristics, and is the only breed developed fully in Finland.

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Fittja gård

Fittja gård is a former manor, coaching inn and station for post riders in Fittja, Botkyrka Municipality, Stockholm County, east-central Sweden.

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Foreign policy of the Russian Empire

The Foreign policy of the Russian Empire covers Russian foreign relations down to 1917.

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Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer

Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer PC FRS (December 1708 – 11 December 1781) was an English rake and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (1762–1763) and founder of the Hellfire Club.

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Frans G. Bengtsson

Frans Gunnar Bengtsson (4 October 1894 – 19 December 1954) was a Swedish novelist, essayist, poet and biographer.

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Frederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-Winnental

Frederick Charles of Württemberg-Winnental (12 September 1652 – 20 December 1697) was since 1677 Duke of the new-founded line of Württemberg-Winnental and regent of the infant Duke Eberhard Ludwig.

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Frederick I of Sweden

Frederick I (Fredrik I; 28 April 1676 – 5 April 1751) was prince consort of Sweden from 1718 to 1720, and King of Sweden from 1720 until his death and (as Frederick I) also Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1730.

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Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg

Frederick II of Hesse-Homburg (Friedrich II.), also known as the Prince of Homburg (30 March 1633–24 January 1708) was Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg.

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Frederick IV of Denmark

Frederick IV (11 October 1671 – 12 October 1730) was the king of Denmark and Norway from 1699 until his death.

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Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp

Frederick IV (18 October 1671 – 19 July 1702) was the reigning Duke of Holstein-Gottorp.

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Fredrik Henrik af Chapman

Fredrik Henrik af Chapman (9 September 1721 in Gothenburg – 19 August 1808) was a Swedish shipbuilder, scientist and officer in the Swedish navy.

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Fredriksten

Fredriksten is a fortress in the city of Halden in Norway.

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French invasion of Russia

The French invasion of Russia, known in Russia as the Patriotic War of 1812 (Отечественная война 1812 года Otechestvennaya Voyna 1812 Goda) and in France as the Russian Campaign (Campagne de Russie), began on 24 June 1812 when Napoleon's Grande Armée crossed the Neman River in an attempt to engage and defeat the Russian army.

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Friedrich Heinrich von Seckendorff

Friedrich Heinrich von Seckendorff Friedrich Heinrich Reichsgraf von Seckendorff (5 July 1673 – 23 November 1763) was a Franconian field marshal and diplomat, in the service of the imperial Habsburg monarchy of Austria.

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Friedrich Siegmund von Waldow

Friedrich Sigmund von Waldow was royal Prussian Major General, Chief of the Cuirassier Regiment no 8 and hereditary lord of Mehrenthin.

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Fyodor Apraksin

Count Fyodor Matveyevich Apraksin (also Apraxin; Фёдор Матве́евич Апра́ксин; 27 October 1661 10 November 1728, Moscow) was one of the first Russian admirals, governed Estonia and Karelia from 1712 to 1723, was made general admiral (1708), presided over the Russian Admiralty from 1718 and commanded the Baltic Fleet from 1723.

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Göran Silfverhielm

Göran Silfverhielm (1681 – January 7, 1737) was a Swedish Field Marshal.

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Georg Österreich

Georg Österreich (baptized on 17 March 1664 – 6 June 1735) was a German Baroque composer and collector.

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Georg Heinrich von Görtz

Georg Heinrich von Görtz, Baron of Schlitz (1668 – 19 February 1719), diplomat in Swedish service, was born in Holstein and educated at Jena.

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Georg Lybecker

Georg Lybecker was a Swedish friherre and Lieutenant General of the Swedish Army, he was son to Georg Henrik Lybecker and Catharina Grissbach.

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Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff

Hans Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff (17 February 1699 – 16 September 1753) was a painter and architect in Prussia.

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George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton

George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton (17 January 1709 – 22 August 1773), known as Sir George Lyttelton, Bt between 1751 and 1756, was a British statesman.

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George Rooke

Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Rooke (1650 – 24 January 1709) was an English naval officer.

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Gestad

Gestad is a parish in the Dalsland part of Vänersborg Municipality, Sweden, located about 20 km north of the city of Vänersborg and 10 km east of the village Brålanda.

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Ginsweiler

Ginsweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Gjelleråsen

Gjelleråsen is an area which constitutes part of Oslomarka outside Oslo, Norway.

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Gott ist mein König, BWV 71

Gott ist mein König (God is my King),, is a cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach written in Mühlhausen when the composer was 23 years old.

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Gottorp Fury

The Gottorp Fury (Gottorpska raseriet or Holsteinska raseriet) was the name given to the wild excesses when the young king Charles XII of Sweden and his cousin Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp amused themselves in the summer of 1698.

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Grégoire Orlyk

Grégoire Orlyk, also Hryhor Orlyk (Григор Пилипович Орлик, November 5, 1702, Baturyn – November 14, 1759, Minden), was a French military commander, special envoy and member of Louis XV's secret intelligence service.

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Great Frost of 1709

The Great Frost, as it was known in England, or Le Grand Hiver ("The Great Winter"), as it was known in France, was an extraordinarily cold winter in Europe in late 1708 and early 1709,.

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Great Northern War

The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.

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Great Northern War plague outbreak

During the Great Northern War (1700–1721), many towns and areas of the Circum-Baltic and East-Central Europe suffered from a severe outbreak of the plague with a peak from 1708 to 1712.

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Great Reduction (Sweden)

In the Great Reduction of 1680, by which the ancient landed nobility lost its power base, the Swedish Crown recaptured lands earlier granted to the nobility.

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Grill (family)

The Grill family was one of several Swedish families having significant influence with the Swedish East India Company (SOIC).

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Grobiņa Castle

Grobiņa Castle is a medieval castle located in the town of Grobiņa, Latvia, in western Courland.

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Grunwald Swords

The Grunwald Swords (miecze grunwaldzkie, Žalgirio kalavijai) were a gift presented by Ulrich von Jungingen, the Grand Master of the Order of Teutonic Knights, to King Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland and Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania on 15 July 1410, just before the Battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg).

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Guard of honour

A guard of honour (en-GB), guard of honor (en-US), also honour guard (en-GB), honor guard (en-US), also ceremonial guard, is a guard, usually military in nature, appointed to receive or guard a head of state or other dignitary, the fallen in war, or to attend at state ceremonials, especially funerals.

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Gustaf Adlerfelt

Gustaf Adlerfelt (1671 – June 28, 1709) was a Swedish historical writer born near Stockholm, brother of Pehr Adlerfelt.

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Gustaf Cederström

Gustaf Olof Cederström (12 April 1845 – 20 August 1933) was a Swedish painter, most known for his painting Karl XII:s likfärd (The funeral transport of Charles XII).

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Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt

Count Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt (Гу́став Мо́риц А́рмфельт; 31 March 1757 – 19 August 1814) was a Finnish, Swedish and Russian courtier and diplomat.

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Gustav III of Sweden

Gustav III (– 29 March 1792) was King of Sweden from 1771 until his assassination in 1792.

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Gustav, Duke of Zweibrücken

Count Palatine Gustav Samuel Leopold of the House of Wittelsbach (12 April 1670, Stegeborg Castle near Söderköping, Sweden – 17 September 1731, Zweibrücken, Germany) was the Count Palatine of Kleeburg from 1701 until 1731 and the Duke of Zweibrücken from 1718 until 1731.

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Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden

Gustav II Adolf (9 December 1594 – 6 November 1632, O.S.), widely known in English by his Latinised name Gustavus Adolphus or as Gustav II Adolph, was the King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632 who is credited for the founding of Sweden as a great power (Stormaktstiden).

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György Zoványi

Zoványi Pipis György (1656 – 1758) was a Hungarian bishop of Debrecen, involved in the Kuruc uprising.

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Halden

, between 1665 and 1928 known as Frederikshald, is both a town and a municipality in Østfold county, Norway.

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Halland Museum of Cultural History

Halland Museum of Cultural History (Swedish: Hallands kulturhistoriska museum) is a museum of cultural history in Varberg, Sweden.

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Hallands Nation, Lund

Hallands Nation is the youngest of the thirteen nations at Lund university.

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Halltorp

Halltorp is one of the earliest manor houses on the island of Öland, Sweden, dating from the 11th century AD.

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Hans Villius

(10 July 192322 June 2012) was a Swedish historian and popular TV and radio personality.

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Hans Wachtmeister

Hans Wachtmeister, Count of Johannishus, (–) was admiral general of the Swedish Navy and advisor to King Charles XI of Sweden and King Charles XII of Sweden.

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Hasan (Janissary secretary)

Hasan was an Ottoman civil servant who wrote about his experiences during the Russo-Ottoman War of 1710–11.

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Hedvig Sophia of Sweden

Hedvig Sophia Augusta of Sweden (26 June 1681 – 22 December 1708), Duchess of Holstein-Gottorp, was the eldest child of Charles XI of Sweden and Ulrike Eleonore of Denmark.

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Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp

Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp (23 October 1636 – 24 November 1715) was Queen of Sweden from 1654 until 1660 by marriage to Charles X Gustav of Sweden, and the mother of Charles XI.

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Hellvi Church

Hellvi Church (Hellvi kyrka) is a medieval Lutheran church on the Swedish island of Gotland, in the Diocese of Visby.

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Henric Benzelius

Henrik Benzelius (August 7, 1689 in Strängnäs – May 20, 1758) was Bishop of Lund from 1744 to 1747, and Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1747 to his death.

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Herschweiler-Pettersheim

Herschweiler-Pettersheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Historiens 100 viktigaste svenskar

Historiens 100 viktigaste svenskar (The 100 Greatest Swedes) is a book by Niklas Ekdal and Petter Karlsson, published in 2009.

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History of Bălți

Bălţi is the second largest city in Moldova.

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History of Charles XII

History of Charles XII ("Histoire de Charles XII") is a historical work by the French historian, philosopher, and writer Voltaire about Charles XII, king of Sweden.

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History of Jämtland

The history of Jämtland dates back thousands of years, starting with the arrival of humans.

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History of Lviv

Lviv (Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv; Lwów; Lemberg; לעמבערג; Lvov, see also other names) is an administrative center in western Ukraine with more than a millennium of history as a settlement, and over seven centuries as a city.

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History of Minsk

Early East Slavs settled the forested hills of today's Minsk by the 9th century.

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History of Poland in the Early Modern era (1569–1795)

The early modern era of Polish history follows the late Middle Ages.

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History of Scania

The history of the province of Scania was for many hundred years, up until the 18th century, marked by the struggle between the two Scandinavian kingdoms of Denmark and Sweden over the hegemony in the Baltic area.

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History of Schleswig-Holstein

The history of Schleswig-Holstein consists of the corpus of facts since the pre-history times until the modern establishing of the Schleswig-Holstein state.

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History of Silesia

In the second half of the 2nd millennium B.C. (late Bronze Age) Silesia belonged to the Lusatian culture.

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History of Sweden

During the 11th and 12th centuries, Sweden gradually became a unified Christian kingdom that later included what is today Finland.

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History of the Jews in Sweden

Church records at Stockholm Cathedral record several Jewish families entering Sweden and being baptised into the Lutheran Church, a condition at that time imposed upon any Jew who desired to settle in Sweden.

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History of the Jews in the Ottoman Empire

By the time of the Ottoman conquests, Anatolia had been home to centuries old communities of Hellenistic and later Byzantine Jews.

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History of the Jews in Turkey

The history of the Jews in Turkey (Türkiye Yahudileri, Turkish Jews; יהודים טורקים Yehudim Turkim, Djudios Turkos) covers the 2,400 years that Jews have lived in what is now Turkey.

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History of the Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire was founded by Osman I. As sultan Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (today named Istanbul) in 1453, the state grew into a mighty empire.

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History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)

History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764) covers a period in the history of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, from the time their joint state became the theater of wars and invasions fought on a great scale in the middle of the 17th century, to the time just before the election of Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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History of the Royal Castle in Warsaw

The Royal Castle in Warsaw was a seat of the Sejm and Senate of the first Rzeczpospolita and also an official residence of the monarchs in Warsaw.

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History of the Russo-Turkish wars

The Russo–Turkish wars (or Ottoman–Russian wars) were a series of wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries.

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History of Warsaw

The history of Warsaw spans over 1400 years.

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Hlukhiv

Hlukhiv (Глу́хів, Głuchów) or Glukhov (Глухов) is a small historic town on the Esman River.

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Holowczyn

Holowczyn or Holovchin or Golovchin is a village in the Byalynichy Raion in the Mogilev Region in Belarus.

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Holstein Party

The Holstein Party (Swedish: Holsteinska partiet), was the name of a political group in 18th-century Sweden which played a significant role in politics after the death of Charles XII of Sweden in 1718 and until 1727.

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Homberg, Kusel

Homberg is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Hotel Skeppsholmen

The Hotel Skeppsholmen is a hotel on the islet of Skeppsholmen in central Stockholm, Sweden.

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House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken

The House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was the Royal House of Sweden from 1654 to 1720.

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House of Wittelsbach

The House of Wittelsbach is a European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria.

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Hrabina Cosel

Hrabina Cosel (The Countess Cosel) is a 1968 Polish film directed by Jerzy Antczak.

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Ichnia

Íčnja is a town in Chernihiv Oblast of Ukraine, located on the Ichenka River.

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Ingela Gathenhielm

Ingela Olofsdotter Gathenhielm née Hammar, (11 September 1692 – 29 April 1729), was a Swedish privateer in service of King Charles XII of Sweden during the Great Northern War.

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Instrument of Government (1719)

The Instrument of Government of 1719 (1719 års regeringsform) adopted on 21 February 1719 by the Riksdag of the Estates was one of the fundamental laws that made up the constitution of Sweden from 1719 to 1772.

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Ivan Iskra

Ivan Ivanovych Iskra (Іван Іванович Іскра) (died July, 14, 1708) was a colonel of Poltava (1696–1703).

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Ivan Mazepa

Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa (Іван Степанович Мазепа, Jan Mazepa Kołodyński). Retrieved 10 July 2015 served as the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host in 1687–1708.

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Ivan Skoropadsky

Ivan Skoropadsky (Іван Скоропадський) (1646 – 3 July 1722) was a Polish–Lithuanian-born Hetman of Zaporizhian Host, and the successor to the famous Hetman Ivan Mazepa.

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Iver Rosenkrantz

Iver Eriksen Rosenkrantz (5 December 1674, Rosenholm – 13 November 1745, Rosenholm) was a Danish statesman and landowner.

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Jacob Bancks

Sir Jacob Bancks (also Banks, Bankes, Banckes) (1662–1724) was a Swedish naval officer in the British service.

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Jacob Heinrich von Flemming

Jakob Heinrich von Flemming (March 3, 1667 – April 30, 1728) was a Saxon count, military officer and politician.

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Jacobite rising of 1719

The Jacobite rising of 1719 or the Nineteen was a Spanish-backed landing in Scotland, originally planned as part of a larger rising in South-West England to restore James Francis Edward Stuart to the throne of Great Britain.

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James Francis Edward Keith

The Hon. James Francis Edward Keith (11 June 1696 – 14 October 1758) was a Scottish soldier and Prussian field marshal.

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James Louis Sobieski

James Louis Sobieski (full name in Polish: Jakub Ludwik Henryk Sobieski; 2 November 1667 – 19 December 1737) was a Polish nobleman, politician, diplomat, scholar, traveller and the son of King John III of Poland and Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien.

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Jan Kazimierz Sapieha the Elder

Jan Kazimierz Sapieha the Elder (Jonas Kazimieras Sapiega vyresnysis) (?–1730) was a Grand Hetman of Lithuania since 1708 to 1709.

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Jan Stanisław Jabłonowski

Jan Stanisław Jabłonowski of the Prus III coat of arms (1669 - 28 April 1731 in Lviv) was a Polish political writer who was a maternal uncle of King Stanisław I Leszczyński, under whom he served as Crown Chancellor in 1706-09.

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Jasło

Jasło is a county town in south-eastern Poland with 36,641 inhabitants, as of 31 December 2012.

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Jämtland

Jämtland (Norwegian: Jemtland,; Latin: Iemptia) or Jamtland is a historical province (landskap) in the centre of Sweden in northern Europe.

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Jørgen Christopher von Klenow

Jørgen Christopher von Klenow was a Dano-Norwegian military officer.

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Jürgen Christoph von Koppelow

Jürgen Christoph von Koppelow or Jørgen Christopher von Koppelau (variants: Koppelöu, Kaplan, Coplou, Coppelouwe, Kobbelow) (1684–1770) was a Norwegian nobleman and officer that fought in the Great Northern War on behalf of Denmark–Norway.

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Jędrzejów

Jędrzejów is a town in Poland, located in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, about southwest of Kielce.

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Jean Charles, Chevalier Folard

Jean Charles, Chevalier Folard (February 13, 1669 – March 23, 1752), French soldier and military author, was born at Avignon.

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Jens Juel (diplomat)

Jens Juel (15 July 1631 – 23 May 1700) was a Danish diplomat and statesman of great influence at the Danish court.

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Jesper Swedberg

Jesper Swedberg (28 August 1653 (O.S)–26 July 1735 (N.S)) was a bishop of Skara, Sweden.

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Jesus Church, Cieszyn

Jesus Church (Kościół Jezusowy) or Grace Church is a Lutheran Church located in Cieszyn, Poland.

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Johan Christopher Toll

Count Johan Christopher Toll (1 February 1743 – 21 May 1817), Swedish statesman and soldier, was born at Mölleröd in Scania (now part of Hässleholm Municipality, Skåne County).

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Johan Gustaf Renat

Johan Gustaf Renat (1682–1744) was a Swedish soldier and cartographer.

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Johan Helmich Roman

Johan Helmich Roman (26 October 1694 – 20 November 1758) was a Swedish Baroque composer.

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Johan von Friesendorff

Riksfriherre Sir Johan Fredrik von Friesendorff, 1st Baronet (1617–1669) was a Swedish diplomat born in Bremen.

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Johann Friedrich Mayer (theologian)

Johann Friedrich Mayer (6 December 1650 – 30 March 1712) was a German Lutheran theologian and professor of theology at Wittenberg University.

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Johann Jacob Bach

Johann Jacob Bach (or Johann Jakob) (baptised – 16 April 1722) was a German musician, composer and an older brother of Johann Sebastian Bach.

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Johann Matthias von der Schulenburg

Marshal Johann Matthias Reichsgraf von der Schulenburg (8 August 1661 – 14 March 1747) was a German aristocrat and general of Brandenburg-Prussian background who served in the Saxon and Venetian armies in the early 18th century and found a second career in retirement in Venice, as a grand collector and patron.

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Johann Melchior Dinglinger

Johann Melchior Dinglinger (26 December 1664 –6 March 1731) was one of Europe's greatest goldsmiths, whose major works for the elector of Saxony, Augustus the Strong, survived in the Grünes Gewölbe (the "Green Vaults"), Dresden.

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Johann Patkul

Johann Reinhold Patkul (27 July 1660 – 10 October 1707) was a Livonian nobleman, politician and agitator of Baltic German extraction.

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Johannes Bilberg

Johannes Bilberg (17 November 1646 – 11 March 1717) was a Swedish theologian, professor and bishop.

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John Campbell Shairp

John Campbell Shairp (30 July 1819 – 18 September 1885) was a Scottish critic and man of letters.

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John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough

General John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, 1st Prince of Mindelheim, 1st Count of Nellenburg, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, (26 May 1650 – 16 June 1722 O.S.) was an English soldier and statesman whose career spanned the reigns of five monarchs.

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John Faber Jr.

John Faber Jr. (1684 – 2 May 1756) was a Dutch portrait engraver active in London.

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John Norcross

John Norcross (1688-1758, last name occasionally Northcross) was an English Jacobite pirate and privateer who sailed in service to Sweden.

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John Norris (Royal Navy officer)

Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Norris (1670 or 167113 June 1749) was a Royal Navy officer.

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John Robethon

John Robethon, originally Jean Robethon (died 1722) was a French Huguenot diplomat naturalised English.

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John Robinson (bishop of London)

John Robinson (7 November 1650 – 11 April 1723) was an English diplomat and prelate.

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Jonas Danilssønn Ramus

Jonas Danilssønn Ramus (27 September 1649 - 16 May 1718) was a Norwegian priest, author and historian.

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Jonas Erikson Sundahl

Jonas Erikson Sundahl (1678-1762) was a Swedish-born architect who spent most of his working life at and around Zweibrücken in the German Palatinate.

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Juliana Schierberg

Juliana Sophia Schierberg, known as Julianchen (died 1712) was a Swedish favorite.

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Julius Bacher

Julius Bacher (8 August 1810 – 1889) was a German playwright and novelist from Ragnit, Province of East Prussia.

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July 19

No description.

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July 8

No description.

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June 17

No description.

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June 28

In common years it is always in ISO week 26.

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Justus Falckner

Justus Falckner (November 22, 1672 – September 21, 1723) was an early American Lutheran minister and the first Lutheran pastor to be ordained within the region that became the United States.

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Kari Hiran

Kari Rasmusdatter Hiran (floruit 1716), was a Norwegian farmer and war heroine.

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Karl Aurivillius

Karl Aurivillius (August 2, 1717 Stockholm – January 19, 1786 Uppsala) was a Swedish linguist, translator and orientalist.

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Karl Johansslussen

Karl Johanslussen ("Lock of Charles John") is a lock and a sluice, along the Söderström river connecting and controlling the flood discharge between Riddarfjärden, the easternmost part of Lake Mälaren, and Saltsjön, the section of the Baltic Sea reaching into central Stockholm, Sweden.

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Karl XII-øya

Karl XII-øya (English: Carl XII Island) is an island north of the island of Nordaustlandet in Svalbard, Norway.

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Karlaplan

Karlaplan is an open park-plaza area in Östermalm in Stockholm.

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Karlberg Palace

Karlberg Palace is a palace by the Karlberg Canal in Solna Municipality in Sweden, adjacent to Stockholm's Vasastaden district.

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Karolinska förbundet

Karolinska förbundet is a Swedish learned society for the study of the Caroline era in Swedish history, i.e. the rule of kings Charles X, Charles XI and Charles XII, 1654–1718.

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Katarina Church

Katarina kyrka (Church of Catherine) is one of the major churches in central Stockholm, Sweden.

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Katedralskolan, Lund

Katedralskolan (Lund Cathedral School) is a school in Lund, Sweden.

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Königsstuhl (Rügen)

The Königsstuhl (King's Chair) is the best-known chalk cliff on the Stubbenkammer in the Jasmund National Park on the Baltic Sea island of Rügen.

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Köprülüzade Numan Pasha

Köprülüzade Numan Pasha (Numan Pashë Kypriljoti; 1670–1719) was an Ottoman statesman who was the grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire between June and August 1710.

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King Charles

King Charles may refer to.

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Kingdom of Finland (1742)

The attempt to create a Kingdom of Finland in 1742 is a little-known chapter in the history of Finland.

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Kings of Sweden family tree

Kings of Sweden family tree contains the lines of descent from Eric the Victorious to the present day.

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Kongsvinger Fortress

Kongsvinger Fortress (Kongsvinger festning) is located in the city and municipality of Kongsvinger in the county of Hedmark, Norway.

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Konstanty Władysław Sobieski

Konstanty Władysław Sobieski (1 May 1680 – 28 February 1726) was a Polish prince, nobleman, politician, diplomat, scholar and the son of John III Sobieski, King of Poland, and his wife, Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien.

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Kotelva

Kotelva (Ukrainian: Котельва) is an urban-type settlement in Kotelva Raion in Poltava Oblast and the administrative centre of Kotelva Raion.

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Kristianstad

Kristianstad (older spelling Christianstad) is a city and the seat of Kristianstad Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 40,145 inhabitants in 2016.

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Kristiansten Fortress

Kristiansten Fortress (Kristiansten Festning, historically spelled Christiansten) is located on a hill east of the city of Trondheim in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway.

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Kronan (ship)

Kronan, also called Stora Kronan, was a Swedish warship that served as the flagship of the Swedish Navy in the Baltic Sea in the 1670s.

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Kungshuset

Kungshuset, the "King's House", is a building in Lund in Sweden, built by the Danish king Frederick II between 1578 and 1584 and originally intended as the residence for the bishop of Lund.

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Kungsträdgården

Kungsträdgården (Swedish for "King's Garden") is a park in central Stockholm, Sweden.

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Kurpie

Kurpie is one of a number of ethnic regions in Poland, noted for its unique traditional customs, such as its own types of traditional costume, traditional dance and distinctive type of architecture and livelihoods.

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Kurt Christoph Graf von Schwerin

Kurt Christoph Graf von Schwerin (26 October 1684 – 6 May 1757) was a Prussian Generalfeldmarschall, one of the leading commanders under Frederick the Great.

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La troupe du Roi de Suede

La troupe du Roi de Suede, or Roi de Suede for short, was a French-speaking Swedish court theater, active at the Royal Swedish court from 1699 until 1706.

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Laiuse

Laiuse (Lais) is a small borough (alevik) in Estonia.

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Laiuse Castle

Laiuse Castle (Estonian: Laiuse ordulinnus, German: Schloß Lais) was a Livonian Order castle in Laiusevälja, Jõgeva Parish, Estonia.

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Laiuse Romani language

Laiuse Romani was a Romani variety spoken in Estonia.

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Landing at Humlebæk

The Landing at Humlebæk took place on August 4, 1700 (Gregorian calendar), in the Swedish invasion of Denmark during the Great Northern War 1700-1721.

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Lars Gathenhielm

Lars Gathenhielm (1689–1718) was a Swedish merchant and privateer.

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Lars-Inge Svartenbrandt

Lars-Inge Andersson (5 May 1945 – 15 April 2016) best known as Lars-Inge Svartenbrandt, later Lars Ferm and even later known as Lars Patrick Carlander, was a Swedish criminal. Svartenbrandt spent almost 40 years combined in prison for several robberies, violent crimes, and prison escapes. He was described as the "most dangerous man in Sweden". Svartenbrandt described himself as an "uncurable psychopath".

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Lövstabruk

Lövstabruk is a village on a common in the parish of Österlövsta, Tierp Municipality, Uppsala County, Sweden.

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Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau

Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (3 July 1676 – 7 April 1747) was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Dessau from 1693 to 1747.

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Lidzbark Warmiński

Lidzbark Warmiński (Heilsberg) is a town in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland.

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Liepāja

Liepāja (pronounced) (Libau; see other names) is a city in western Latvia, located on the Baltic Sea.

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Lieven

The Lievens (Latvian Līveni; German Liewen) are one of the oldest aristocratic families of Baltic Germans.

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Life Guards (Sweden)

The Life Guards (Livgardet, designation LG) is a combined Swedish Army cavalry/infantry regiment, with guard of honour and training responsibility.

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Life Regiment Hussars

The Life Regiment Hussars (Livregementets husarer; designated K 3) is one of Europe's most victorious regiments and one of the oldest regiments still active. The regiment descends directly from units set up by King Gustav I of Sweden (Gustav Vasa) in 1536, when Sweden set up a draft of horses and men north and south of Stockholm.

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List of ambassadors of Great Britain to Sweden

The Ambassador of Great Britain to Sweden was the foremost diplomatic representative in Sweden of the Kingdom of Great Britain, created by the Treaty of Union in 1707, in charge of the British diplomatic mission in Stockholm.

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List of battles 1601–1800

No description.

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List of book-based war films (wars before 1775)

A list of films that are based on war books.

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List of chess players

This list of chess players includes people who are primarily known as chess players and have an article on the English Wikipedia.

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List of Counts Palatine of the Rhine

The Elector of the Palatinate (Kurfürst von der Pfalz) ruled the Palatinate of the Rhine in the Kingdom of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire from 915 to 1803.

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List of Finnish monarchs and Heads of State

This is a list of the monarchs of Finland until it became a republic in 1919; that is, the Kings of Sweden with Regents and Viceroys of the Kalmar Union, the Grand Dukes of Finland, a title used by most Swedish monarchs, up to the two-year Regent period following the independence in 1917, with a brief flirtation with a truly domestic monarchy.

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List of heads of state and government who died in office

This is a list of heads of state and government who died in office.

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List of last words

This is a list of last words, statements spoken by people shortly before their death.

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List of military disasters

In this list a military disaster is the unexpected and sound defeat of one side in a battle or war, sometimes changing the course of history.

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List of modern great powers

A great power is a nation or state that, through its great economic, political and military strength, is able to exert power and influence over not only its own region of the world, but beyond to others.

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List of nicknames of European royalty and nobility: C

No description.

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List of people from Stockholm

This is a list of people connected to Stockholm, Sweden.

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List of people from Stuttgart

The following is a list containing people both born in Stuttgart and notable residents of the city, ordered chronologically.

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List of regents

A regent is a person selected to act as head of state (ruling or not) because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated.

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List of rulers of Estonia

The following list of rulers of Estonia indicates the rules throughout that nation's history.

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List of state leaders in 1697

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1698

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1699

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1700

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1701

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1702

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1703

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1704

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1705

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1706

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1707

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1708

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1709

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1710

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1711

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1712

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1713

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1714

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1715

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1716

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1717

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1718

No description.

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List of Swedes in music

This is a list of Swedish composers, musical groups, musicians and singers.

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List of Swedish composers

*Düben family, originally musicians, who were raised to the nobility through the favour especially of king Charles XII of Sweden.

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List of Swedish governments

This is a list of Swedish governments and rulers, from the end of the Kalmar Union until the breakthrough of parliamentarism.

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List of Swedish inventors

Swedish inventors are Swedish people who invented novel ideas, machines or tools.

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List of Swedish military commanders

This is a list of Swedish military commanders.

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List of Swedish monarchs

This is a list of Swedish monarchs, that is, the Kings and ruling Queens of Sweden, including regents and viceroys of the Kalmar Union, up to the present time.

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List of treaties

This list of treaties contains known historic agreements, pacts, peaces, and major contracts between states, armies, governments, and tribal groups.

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Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon

Louis Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Bourbon, or Louis Henri I, Prince of Condé (18 August 1692 – 27 January 1740), was head of the Bourbon-Condé cadet branch of the France's reigning House of Bourbon from 1710 to his death, and served as prime minister to his kinsman Louis XV from 1723 to 1726.

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Louisa Maria Stuart

Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart (28 June 1692 – 18 April 1712), known to Jacobites as Princess Royal, was the last child of James II and VII (1633–1701), the deposed king of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and of his queen, Mary of Modena.

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Lovisa von Burghausen

Lovisa von Burghausen (1698 – 20 January 1733) was a Swedish memoirist who became famous for her story about her time in captivity as a slave in Russia after being taken prisoner by the Russians during the Great Northern War.

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Ludvig Fabritius

Ludvig (Lodewyck) Fabritius (14 September 1648, Brazil – 6 October 1729, Stockholm) was the Swedish ambassador to Safavid Iran during the reign of King Charles XI (r. 1660–1697) and Charles XII (r. 1697–1718).

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Lund University

Lund University (Lunds universitet) is a public university, consistently ranking among the world's top 100 universities.

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Lund's Anarchist Group

Lund's Anarchist Group (Lunds Anarkistgrupp) was a Swedish anarchist organization, founded in 1969 in the city of Lund.

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Lviv

Lviv (Львів; Львов; Lwów; Lemberg; Leopolis; see also other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine and the seventh-largest city in the country overall, with a population of around 728,350 as of 2016.

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Madman (disambiguation)

A madman is a person who exhibits insanity.

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Magnus Julius De la Gardie

Magnus Julius De la Gardie (14 April 1668 – 28 April 1741), son of Axel Julius De la Gardie, was a Swedish general and statesman, member of the Swedish Hats Party.

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Magnus Stenbock

Count Magnus Gustafsson Stenbock (22 May 1665 – 23 February 1717) was a Swedish military officer at the time of the Great Northern War.

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Maladzyechna

Maladzyechna (Маладзе́чна/Maladziečna,; Молоде́чно) is a city in the Minsk Voblast of Belarus, an administrative centre of the Maladzyechna district (and formerly of the Maladzyechna Voblast).

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Malcolm Sinclair (Swedish nobleman)

Malcolm Sinclair (1690 – 17 June 1739) was a Swedish officer, nobleman and envoy who was murdered by two Russian officers on his way home from the Ottoman Empire.

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Malmö

Malmö (Malmø) is the capital and largest city of the Swedish county of Scania.

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Marcia Carolus Rex

Marcia Carolus Rex is a Swedish military march.

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Margareta Elisabeth Roos

Margareta Elisabeth Roos or Anna Stina Roos (1696–1772) was a Swedish-Estonian woman and a crossdresser who served as a soldier in the Swedish army of Charles XII of Sweden during the Great Northern War.

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Margareta von Ascheberg

Margareta von Ascheberg (9 July 1671 – 26 October 1753) was a Swedish land owner, noble and acting regiment colonel during the Great Northern War.

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Maria Aurora von Königsmarck

Countess Maria Aurora von Königsmarck (sv: Aurora Königsmarck) (28 August 166216 February 1728) was a Swedish and German noblewoman of Brandenburg extraction and mistress of Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland.

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Maria Aurora von Spiegel

Maria Aurora von Spiegel, born Fatima (1681 - fl 1733), also referred to as Fatime, Fatima Kariman or Fatima von Kariman, was the Ottoman Turkish mistress of Augustus II the Strong.

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Marie Elisabeth, Abbess of Quedlinburg

Duchess Marie Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (21 March 1678 – 17 July 1755) was Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg from 1718 until her death.

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Marie Leszczyńska

Maria Karolina Zofia Felicja Leszczyńska (23 June 1703 – 24 June 1768) also known as Marie Leczinska, was a Polish noblewoman and French Queen consort.

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Marstrand Free Port

The Marstrand Free Port was an largely autonomous island territory of Sweden, during the Gustavian Era of the late 18th century, which effectively functioned as a merchant republic.

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Martin Desjardins

Martin Desjardins, born Martin van den Bogaert (1637 – 2 May 1694) was a French sculptor and stuccoist of Dutch birth.

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Maximilian Emanuel of Württemberg-Winnental

Maximilian Emanuel of Württemberg-Winnental (Stuttgart, February 27, 1689 – Dubno, September 25, 1709), son of Frederick Charles of Württemberg-Winnental and Margravine Eleonore Juliane of Brandenburg-Ansbach, was a volunteer in the army of Charles XII of Sweden and a devoted friend to the king.

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Mazeppa (opera)

Mazeppa, properly Mazepa (Мазепа), is an opera in three acts (six scenes) by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.

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Mazeppa (poem)

Mazeppa is a narrative poem written by the English romantic poet Lord Byron in 1819.

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Märta Berendes

Märta Berendes (21 January, 1639 – 18 October, 1717), was a Swedish Baroness and diary writer.

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Military history of the Russian Empire

The military history of the Russian Empire encompasses the history of armed conflict in which the Russian Empire participated.

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Military of the Swedish Empire

From 1611 to 1721, Sweden was a European great power, becoming a dominant faction in the quest for control of the Baltic Sea and a formidable military power.

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Minsk

Minsk (Мінск,; Минск) is the capital and largest city of Belarus, situated on the Svislach and the Nyamiha Rivers.

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Mogilev

Mogilev (or Mahilyow; Магілёў,; Łacinka: Mahiloŭ; Могилёв,; מאָליעוו, Molyev) is a city in eastern Belarus, about from the border with Russia's Smolensk Oblast and from the border with Russia's Bryansk Oblast.

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Monarchy of Finland

The nation of Finland has never been an independent sovereign monarchy: no attempt to establish a fully-fledged Finnish monarchy has been successful.

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Monarchy of Sweden

The Monarchy of Sweden concerns the monarchical head of state of Sweden,See the Instrument of Government, Chapter 1, Article 5.

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Moss, Norway

is a coastal town and a municipality in Østfold county, Norway.

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Mustapha Aga

Kozbekçi Mustafa Ağa, known as Mustapha Aga in Sweden, was an Ottoman ambassador to the Swedish court in 1727.

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Narva

Narva (Нарва) is the third largest city in Estonia.

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National Museum of History of Moldova

The National Museum of History of Moldova (Muzeul Național de Istorie a Moldovei) is a museum in Central Chişinău, Moldova.

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Nationella dräkten

Nationella dräkten (the national costume) is a historic Swedish costume, designed by King Gustav III and introduced in 1778.

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Nesvizh Castle

Niasviž Castle or Nesvizh Castle (Нясьвіскі замак, Niasvižski zamak, zamek w Nieświeżu, Nesvyžius) is a residential castle of the Radziwiłł family in Niasviž, Belarus.

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Nicodemus Tessin the Younger

Count Nicodemus Tessin the Younger (May 23, 1654 – April 10, 1728) was a Swedish Baroque architect, city planner, and administrator.

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Nikita Dzhigurda

Nikita Borisovich Dzhigurda or Mykyta Borysovych Dzhyhurda (Ники́та Бори́сович Джигурда́, Микита Борисович Джигурда; born March 27, 1961) is a Ukrainian-Russian movie actor, singer, and cult media icon.

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Nils Gyllenstierna

Nils Carlsson Gyllenstierna af Fogelvik, a member of the Swedish baronial family of Gyllenstierna, born 1648, dead 1720, was a Swedish field-marshal, member of the Royal Council, president of the Board of War, and governor-general of Bremen-Verden.

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Nils Krister von Baumgarten

Nils Krister von Baumgarten (1674, Kalmar ― 1727, Stockholm) was a Swedish military officer.

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Norderhov

Norderhov is a former municipality located within Ringerike in Buskerud county, Norway.

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Norway during the Great Northern War

The Great Northern War was the war fought between a coalition of Denmark–Norway, Russia and Saxony-Poland (from 1715 also Prussia and Hanover) on one side and Sweden on the other side from 1700 to 1721.

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November 30

No description.

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Octal

The octal numeral system, or oct for short, is the base-8 number system, and uses the digits 0 to 7.

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Ogrodzieniec Castle

Ogrodzieniec Castle is a ruined medieval castle in the semi-mountainous highland region called the Polish Jura in south-central Poland.

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Olof Strömstierna

Olof Strömstierna (1664–1730) was a Swedish naval officer and admiral.

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Ombudsman

An ombudsman, ombud, or public advocate is an official who is charged with representing the interests of the public by investigating and addressing complaints of maladministration or a violation of rights.

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Orlyk (Nowina)

Orlyk (Орлик; Orlik) was a family of Czech baron ancestry, one branch of which in the 15th century, at the time of Hussite Wars, emigrated to Poland.

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Oscar II of Sweden

Oscar II (Oscar Fredrik; 21 January 1829 – 8 December 1907) was King of Sweden from 1872 until his death, and the last Bernadotte King of Norway from 1872 until his dethronement in 1905.

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Otto Arnold von Paykull

Otto Arnold von Paykull (c.1662 – 4 February 1707) was a Livonian officer in the service of the Electorate of Saxony.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.

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Ottoman Old Regime

War of the Holy League. The history of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century has classically been described as one of stagnation and reform.

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Ottoman wars in Europe

The Ottoman wars in Europe were a series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states dating from the Late Middle Ages up through the early 20th century.

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Palatine Zweibrücken

Palatine Zweibrücken, or the County Palatine of Zweibrücken, is a former state of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Palmencrona

Palmencrona was a Swedish noble family from Gothenburg, Sweden.

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Parliament

In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government.

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Parliamentary Ombudsman

Parliamentary Ombudsman (Eduskunnan oikeusasiamies, Riksdagens ombudsman, Umboðsmaður Alþingis, Folketingets Ombudsmand, Norwegian: Sivilombudsmannen) is the name of the principal ombudsman institutions in Finland, in Iceland, in Denmark, in Sweden (where the term Justice Ombudsman - Justitieombudsmannen or JO - is also used) and in Norway.

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Patkull

Patkull is the first theatre play by Brazilian Romantic author Gonçalves Dias.

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Peace of Travendal

The Peace of Travendal was a peace treaty concluded at the outset of the Great Northern War on 18 August 1700 between the Swedish Empire, Denmark–Norway and Holstein-Gottorp in Traventhal.

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Pehr Evind Svinhufvud

Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad (15 December 1861 – 29 February 1944) was the third President of Finland from 1931 to 1937.

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Perevolochna

Perevolochna (Переволочна) was a settlement in Kobeliaky Raion (district) of Poltava Oblast (province) of Ukraine close to Svitlohirske.

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Peter Englund

Peter Mikael Englund (born 4 April 1957) is a Swedish author and historian.

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Peter Estenberg

Peter Estenberg (also known as Peter von Estenberg and Petrus Estenberg) lived in the late 17th - early 18th century and was a member of the Swedish nobility of the house of Estenberg, a noted scholar, and an ambassador to Poland.

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Peter III of Russia

Peter III (21 February 1728 –) (Пётр III Фëдорович, Pyotr III Fyodorovich) was Emperor of Russia for six months in 1762.

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Peter Shafirov

Baron Peter Pavlovich Shafirov (Пётр Павлович Шафиров) (16701739), Russian statesman, one of the ablest coadjutors of Peter the Great.

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Peter the Great

Peter the Great (ˈpʲɵtr vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj), Peter I (ˈpʲɵtr ˈpʲɛrvɨj) or Peter Alexeyevich (p; –)Dates indicated by the letters "O.S." are in the Julian calendar with the start of year adjusted to 1 January.

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Peter the Great (miniseries)

Peter the Great is a 1986 NBC television mini-series starring Maximilian Schell as Russian emperor Peter the Great, and based on the biography by Robert K. Massie.

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Peter Tordenskjold

Peter Jansen Wessel Tordenskiold (28 October 1690 – 12 November 1720), commonly referred to as Tordenskjold (lit. Thunder Shield), was a Danish-Norwegian nobleman and an eminent naval flag officer in the service of the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy.

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Pińczów

Pińczów is a town in Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, about 40 km south of Kielce.

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Pierre Victor, baron de Besenval de Brünstatt

Pierre Victor, baron de Besenval de Brünstatt (1722–1794) was the last commander of the Swiss Guards in France.

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Pike (weapon)

A pike is a pole weapon, a very long thrusting spear formerly used extensively by infantry.

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Pike and shot

Pike and shot is a historical infantry combat formation that evolved during the Italian Wars before the late seventeenth century evolution of the bayonet.

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Pinsk

Pinsk (Пі́нск, Pinsk; Пи́нск; Пи́нськ, Pyns'k; Pińsk; Yiddish/פינסק, Pinskas) is a city in Belarus, in the Polesia region, traversed by the river Pina, at the confluence of the Pina and Pripyat rivers.

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Pitești

Pitești is a city in Romania, located on the Argeș River.

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Polish–Lithuanian royal election, 1704

In early 1700, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania and Elector of Saxony, Augustus II the Strong began the Great Northern War by attacking Swedish Livonia.

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Political unions involving Sweden

Sweden has for political and dynastic reasons been in union with other kingdoms and princely states, ostensibly personal unions.

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Poltava (poem)

Poltava («Полтава») is a narrative poem written by Aleksandr Pushkin in 1828-9 about the involvement of the Ukrainian Cossack hetman Ivan Mazepa in the 1709 Battle of Poltava between Sweden and Russia.

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Pomerania during the Early Modern Age

Pomerania during the Early Modern Age covers the history of Pomerania in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries.

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Pomeranian Evangelical Church

The Pomeranian Evangelical Church (Pommersche Evangelische Kirche; PEK) was a Protestant regional church in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, serving the citizens living in Hither Pomerania.

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Prince Alexander of Imereti (1674–1711)

Prince Alexander (ალექსანდრე, Alek'sandre), also known as Tsarevich Aleksandr Archilovich Imeretinsky (Александр Арчилович Имеретинский) (1674 – 20 February 1711) was a Georgian royal prince (batonishvili) of the Kingdom of Imereti.

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Prince Charles of Denmark

Prince Charles of Denmark (26 October 1680 - 8 June 1729) was the fourth son of Christian V of Denmark and his consort Queen Charlotte Amalie, and thus a younger brother of King Frederick IV.

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Princess Sophia Hedwig of Denmark

Princess Sophia Hedwig of Denmark (28 August 1677 – 13 March 1735) was a Danish princess, the daughter of King Christian V and his queen-consort, Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel.

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Privy Council of Sweden

The Council of the Realm, or simply The Council (Riksrådet: sometimes in Senatus Regni Sueciae) was a cabinet of medieval origin, consisting of magnates (stormän) which advised, and at times co-ruled with, the King of Sweden.

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Proximity of blood

Proximity of blood, or proximity by degree of kinship, is one of the ways to determine hereditary succession based on genealogy.

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Prussia Columns

The Prussia Columns (Preußensäulen) are two monuments, over high, that were erected in the years 1854 and 1855 by order of the Prussian king, Frederick William IV on the southeast coast of the German island of Rügen near Neukamp and Groß Stresow.

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Pruth River Campaign

The Russo-Ottoman War of 1710–11, also known as the Pruth River Campaign after the main event of the war, erupted as a consequence of the defeat of Sweden by the Russian Empire in the Battle of Poltava and the escape of the wounded Charles XII of Sweden and his large retinue to the Ottoman-held fortress of Bender.

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Pułtusk

Pułtusk (Ostenburg) is a town in Poland by the river Narew, north of Warsaw.

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Puzieux, Vosges

Puzieux is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

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Pylyp Orlyk

Pylyp Stepanovych Orlyk (Пилип Степанович Орлик, Filip Orlik) (born on October 11, 1672 in Kosuta, Ashmyany county, Grand Duchy of Lithuania (today in Vileyka Raion, Belarus), died on May 26, 1742 in Jassy, Principality of Moldavia (today Iaşi, Romania) was a Zaporozhian Cossack starshyna, Hetman of Ukraine in exile, diplomat, secretary and close associate of Hetman Ivan Mazepa. Founder of the first Constitution in Europe.

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Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy

Count Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy (Пётр Андреевич Толстой) (1645–1729) was a Russian statesman and diplomat, prominent during and after the reign of Peter the Great.

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Queen mother

A queen mother is a dowager queen who is the mother of the reigning monarch (or an empress mother in the case of an empire).

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Ragnhild Hatton

Ragnhild Marie Hatton (born in Bergen, Norway on 10 January 1913 – died in London on 16 May 1995) was professor of International History at the London School of Economics.

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Røros

(Plassje) is a municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway.

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Røros (town)

(Plassje) is the administrative centre of Røros municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway.

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Riksbron

Riksbron (Swedish: "The National Bridge" or "The State Bridge") is an arch bridge in central Stockholm, Sweden leading from Drottninggatan on Norrmalm 44 metres over to Riksgatan on Helgeandsholmen.

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Riksråd

Riksrådet (in Norwegian and Swedish), Rigsrådet (in Danish) or (English: The Council of the Realm and The Council of the State – sometimes translated as "Privy Council") is the name of the councils of the Scandinavian countries that ruled the countries together with the kings from late Middle Ages to the 17th century.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław

The Archdiocese of Wrocław (Archidiecezja wrocławska; Erzbistum Breslau; Arcidiecéze vratislavská; Archidioecesis Vratislaviensis) is a Latin Rite archdiocese of the Catholic Church named after its capital Wrocław in Poland.

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Rosidor fils

Claude-Ferdinand Guillemay du Chesnay, better known as Rosidor fils, (c.1660 – after 1718) was a 17th-18th century French playwright and actor.

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Royal Castle, Warsaw

The Royal Castle in Warsaw (Zamek Królewski w Warszawie) is a castle residency that formerly served throughout the centuries as the official residence of the Polish monarchs.

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Royal mottos of Swedish monarchs

The royal motto of the Swedish monarch is a Swedish royal tradition stemming from the early 16th century.

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Russia–Sweden relations

Russia-Sweden relations date back to the 10th century; when Swedish Vikings called Varangians founded new states that were later to evolve into Russia, Belarus and Ukraine.

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Russian battleship Poltava (1894)

The Russian battleship Poltava (Полтава) was one of three pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the 1890s.

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Russian battleship Poltava (1911)

Poltava (renamed Frunze in 1926) was the second of the s of the Imperial Russian Navy built before World War I. The Ganguts were the first class of Russian dreadnoughts.

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Russian ship of the line Poltava (1712)

Poltava (Полтава) was a 54-gun ship of the line of the Russian Navy that was launched on 15 JuneAll dates are in the New Style 1712 from Saint Petersburg.

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Russian Winter

Russian Winter, General Winter, General Frost, or General Snow refers to the winter climate of Russia as a contributing factor to the military failures of several invasions of Russia.

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Rutger Macklier

Friherre Rutger Maclean I (1688–1748) or Rutger Macklean I was an officer of Charles XII of Sweden who participated in Battle of Holowczyn, Battle of Poltava and Battle of Tobolsk in the Great Northern War.

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Sabine Elisabeth Oelgard von Bassewitz

Countess Sabine Elisabeth Oelgard von Bassewitz (15 December 1716, Gut Dalwitz, Mecklenburg - 7 February 1790 Gut Dalwitz, Mecklenburg) was a German writer.

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Saint Sampson's Cathedral

St Sampson's Cathedral (Сампсониевский собор) is the oldest church in St. Petersburg.

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Sampson the Hospitable

Sampson the Hospitable (Σαμψών οι φιλόξενοι, Sampsón oi philóxenoi; died 530 AD) was a citizen of Constantinople who devoted his time to serving the poor of the city.

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Södra Bankohuset

Södra Bankohuset (Swedish: "The Southern Bank Building") or Gamla Riksbanken ("The Old National Bank") is a building in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden, together with Norra Bankohuset the location of the Bank of Sweden until 1906.

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Scorched earth

A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy while it is advancing through or withdrawing from a location.

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Sculptures of Swedish rulers

Sculptures of Swedish rulers have been created since the 17th century.

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Semen Paliy

Semen Paliy (Семен Палiй, Semen Palej) (c. 1645 – 1710) was a Ukrainian Cossack polkovnyk (colonel).

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Semyonovsky Regiment

The Semyonovsky Lifeguard Regiment was one of the two oldest guard regiments of the Imperial Russian Army.

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September 11

Between the years AD 1900 and 2099, September 11 of the Gregorian calendar is the leap day of the Coptic and Ethiopian calendars.

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Siege of Belgrade (1717)

The siege of Belgrade in 1717 occurred during the Austro-Venetian-Ottoman war (1714-1718), after the Austrian victory of Petrovaradin.

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Siege of Danzig (1734)

The Siege of Danzig of 1734 was the Russian encirclement (February 22 – June 30) and capture of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth city of Danzig (Gdańsk) during the War of Polish Succession.

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Siege of Fredriksten

The Siege of Fredriksten was a siege of the Norwegian fortress of Fredriksten in the city of Fredrikshald, today's Halden, by Charles XII of Sweden.

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Siege of Riga (1700)

The Sieges of Riga were two sieges which took place on February 22 and June 15, 1700 in RigaTucker, S.C., 2010, A Global Chronology of Conflict, Vol.

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Siege of Stralsund (1711–15)

The Siege of Stralsund was a battle during the Great Northern War.

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Siege of Tönning

During the Great Northern War, the fortress of Tönning (Tønning) in the territory of Holstein-Gottorp, an ally of the Swedish Empire, was besieged twice: Denmark-Norway was forced to lift the first siege in 1700, but a combined force of the anti-Swedish coalition successfully besieged and took Tönning in 1713–1714.

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Siege of Thorn (1703)

The Siege of Thorn was set during the Great Northern War, between Sweden and Saxony from May to October 14, 1703.

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Siege of Veprik

The Siege of Veprik took place on January 3 to January 17, 1709 during the Swedish invasion of Russia in the Great Northern War.

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Sinclairvisan

"Sinclairvisan" or "Sinclairsvisan" ("The Sinclair Song") is a Swedish propaganda song with 90 verses, written by Anders Odel in 1739 to the "La Folia" melody.

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Skövde

Skövde (pronunciation) is a locality and urban centre in Skövde Municipality and Västra Götaland County, in the Västergötland (Western Gothland region) in central Southern Sweden.

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Skirmish at Bender

The Skirmish at Bender (Kalabaliken i Bender and Benderin kalabaliikki) was devised to remove Charles XII of Sweden from the Ottoman Empire after his military defeats in Russia.

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Sredets

Sredets (Средец) is a town in Burgas Province in southeastern Bulgaria.

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St. Nicholas' Church, Tallinn

St.

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Stanisław Chomętowski

Stanisław Chomętowski (1673–1728) was a Polish politician, military commander and diplomat, notable as one of the most reliable supporters of Polish king August II the Strong.

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Stanisław Leszczyński

Stanisław I Leszczyński (also Anglicized and Latinized as Stanislaus I, Stanislovas Leščinskis, Stanislas Leszczynski; 20 October 1677 – 23 February 1766) was King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Duke of Lorraine and a count of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Stanisław Poniatowski (1676–1762)

Stanisław Poniatowski (15 September 1676 29 August 1762) was a Polish military commander, diplomat, and noble.

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Stockholm during the Age of Liberty

Stockholm during the Age of Liberty (1718-1772) is the period in the history of Stockholm when Sweden was governed by weak kings and a strong Riksdag where the Hats and Caps were fighting each other for influence.

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Stockholm Palace

Stockholm Palace or the Royal Palace (Stockholms slott or Kungliga slottet) is the official residence and major royal palace of the Swedish monarch (the actual residence of King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia is at Drottningholm Palace).

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Stralsund

Stralsund, (Swedish: Strålsund) is a Hanseatic town in the Pomeranian part of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Strömbron

Strömbron (Swedish: "The Stream Bridge") is a viaduct in central Stockholm, Sweden.

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Strömstad

Strömstad is a locality and the seat of Strömstad Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 6,288 inhabitants in 2010.

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Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces

The Supreme Commander (Överbefälhavaren; acronym: ÖB) is the highest ranked professional military officer in the Swedish Armed Forces, and is by NATO terminology the Swedish chief of defence equivalent.

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Surrender at Perevolochna

The surrender at Perevolochna was the capitulation of almost the entire Swedish army on June 30, 1709 (O.S.) / July 1, 1709 (Swedish calendar) / July 11, 1709 (N.S.). It signified the annihilation of the once formidable Swedish army after the defeat at Battle of Poltava, and paved the way for the eventual Russian victory in the Great Northern War.

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Susanna Centlivre

Susanna Centlivre (c. 1667–1670 – 1 December 1723), born Susanna Freeman and also known professionally as Susanna Carroll, was an English poet, actress, and "the most successful female playwright of the eighteenth century".

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Svenska Akademiens ordlista

Svenska Akademiens ordlista, abbreviated SAOL, is a glossary published every few years by the Swedish Academy.

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Sweden

Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.

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Sweden–Ukraine relations

Sweden–Ukraine relations are foreign relations between Sweden and Ukraine.

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Swedes

Swedes (svenskar) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Sweden.

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Swedish calendar

The Swedish calendar (Svenska kalendern) or Swedish style (Svenska stilen) was a calendar in use in Sweden and its possessions from 1 March 1700 until 30 February 1712 (see below).

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Swedish coronation robes

Several Swedish coronation robes from the 16th to the 19th century are preserved at The Royal Armoury in Stockholm, Sweden.

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Swedish cuisine

Swedish cuisine is the traditional food of the people of Sweden.

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Swedish East India Company

The Swedish East India Company (Svenska Ostindiska Companiet or SOIC) was founded in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1731 for the purpose of conducting trade with the Far East.

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Swedish Empire

The Swedish Empire (Stormaktstiden, "Great Power Era") was a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic region during the 17th and early 18th centuries.

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Swedish invasion of Poland (1701–1706)

The Swedish invasion of Poland (1701–1706), also known as Charles XII's invasion of Poland or the Polish front of the Great Northern War, was a conflict in eastern Europe overshadowed by the ongoing Great Northern War fought between the Swedish Empire against the Russian Empire, Denmark-Norway, Saxony and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Swedish invasion of Russia (1708–1709)

The invasion of Russia by Charles XII of Sweden was a campaign undertaken during the Great Northern War between Sweden and the allied states of Russia, Poland, and Denmark.

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Swedish Pomerania

Swedish Pomerania (Svenska Pommern; Schwedisch-Pommern) was a Dominion under the Swedish Crown from 1630 to 1815, situated on what is now the Baltic coast of Germany and Poland.

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Swedish Wars on Bremen

The Swedish Wars on Bremen were fought between the Swedish Empire and the Hanseatic town of Bremen in 1654 and 1666.

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Szczecin

Szczecin (German and Swedish Stettin), known also by other alternative names) is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea and the German border, it is a major seaport and Poland's seventh-largest city. As of June 2011, the population was 407,811. Szczecin is located on the Oder, south of the Szczecin Lagoon and the Bay of Pomerania. The city is situated along the southwestern shore of Dąbie Lake, on both sides of the Oder and on several large islands between the western and eastern branches of the river. Szczecin is adjacent to the town of Police and is the urban centre of the Szczecin agglomeration, an extended metropolitan area that includes communities in the German states of Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The city's recorded history began in the 8th century as a Slavic Pomeranian stronghold, built at the site of the Ducal castle. In the 12th century, when Szczecin had become one of Pomerania's main urban centres, it lost its independence to Piast Poland, the Duchy of Saxony, the Holy Roman Empire and Denmark. At the same time, the House of Griffins established themselves as local rulers and the population was Christianized. After the Treaty of Stettin in 1630, the town came under the control of the Swedish Empire and became in 1648 the Capital of Swedish Pomerania until 1720, when it was acquired by the Kingdom of Prussia and then the German Empire. Following World War II Stettin became part of Poland, resulting in expulsion of the German population. Szczecin is the administrative and industrial centre of West Pomeranian Voivodeship and is the site of the University of Szczecin, Pomeranian Medical University, Maritime University, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin Art Academy, and the see of the Szczecin-Kamień Catholic Archdiocese. From 1999 onwards, Szczecin has served as the site of the headquarters of NATO's Multinational Corps Northeast. Szczecin was a candidate for the European Capital of Culture in 2016.

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The Age of Unreason

The Age of Unreason is a series of four novels written by Gregory Keyes.

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The Battle of Russia

The Battle of Russia (1943) is the fifth film of Frank Capra's Why We Fight documentary series, and the longest film of the series, consisting of two parts.

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The Gallant King

The Gallant King (German:Der galante König) is a 1920 German silent historical film directed by Alfred Halm.

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The Prophesying Nun of Dresden

The Prophecies of the Nun of Dresden, under the original Italian title of Le profezie della monaca di Dresda, is a novel by Renzo Baschera which takes the form of an essay analyzing several manuscripts purportedly found at the beginning of the 19th century.

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The Ruin (Ukrainian history)

The Ruin (translit) is a historical term introduced by the Cossack chronicle writer Samiylo Velychko (1670-1728) for the political situation in Ukrainian history during the second half of 17th century.

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The Sovereign's Servant

The Sovereign's Servant (Слуга государев, Sluga Gosudarev) is a 2007 Russian war film written and directed by Oleg Ryaskov.

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The Vanity of Human Wishes

The Vanity of Human Wishes: The Tenth Satire of Juvenal Imitated is a poem by the English author Samuel Johnson.

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Theodore of Corsica

Theodore I of Corsica (25 August 1694 – 11 December 1756), born Theodor Stephan Freiherr von Neuhoff, was a German adventurer who was briefly King of Corsica.

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Thomas Lediard

Thomas Lediard (1685–1743) was an English writer and surveyor.

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Tibberup Windmill

Tibberup Windmill (Danish. Tibberup Mølle) is a smock mill perched on a small hill in Tibberup in the southern part of Helsingør, Denmark.

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Timeline of Estonian history

This is a timeline of Estonian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Estonia and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of Finnish history

This is a timeline of Finnish history.

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Timeline of Kraków

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kraków, Poland.

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Timeline of Minsk

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Minsk, Belarus.

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Timeline of Oslo

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Oslo, Norway.

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Timeline of Russian history

This is a timeline of Russian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Russia and its predecessor states.

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Toila

Toila is a small borough (alevik) in Ida-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia.

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Tomas Polus

Count Tomas Polus (1634 – 24 March 1708) was a Swedish statesman and diplomat, and a counsellor to Queen Hedvig Eleonora from 1671.

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Tories (British political party)

The Tories were members of two political parties which existed sequentially in the Kingdom of England, the Kingdom of Great Britain and later the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from the 17th to the early 19th centuries.

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Trøndelag

Trøndelag is a county in the central part of Norway.

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Tre Kronor (castle)

Tre Kronor (Three Crowns) was a castle located in Stockholm, Sweden, on the site where Stockholm Palace is today.

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Treaties of Stockholm (Great Northern War)

The Treaties of Stockholm are two treaties signed in 1719 and 1720 that ended the war between Sweden and an alliance of Hanover and Prussia.

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Treaty of Adrianople (1713)

The Treaty of Adrianople (also called the Treaty of Edirne) was signed on 24 June 1713 between the Ottoman Empire and the Tsardom of Russia, confirming the Treaty of the Pruth of 1711 which had ended the Pruth River Campaign (1710–1711).

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Treaty of Altranstädt (1706)

The Treaty of Altranstädt was concluded between Charles XII of Sweden and Augustus the Strong of Saxony and Poland-Lithuania, on 13 October 1706, during the Great Northern War.

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Treaty of Altranstädt (1707)

The Treaty or Convention of Altranstädt was signed between Charles XII of Sweden and Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor on 31 August 1707.

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Treaty of Constantinople (1700)

The Treaty of Constantinople or Istanbul was signed on 13 July 1700 between the Tsardom of Russia and the Ottoman Empire.

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Treaty of Copenhagen (1709)

On 22 October 1709, during the Great Northern War, the alliance between the Russian Empire and Denmark-Norway was renewed in the Treaty of Copenhagen.

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Treaty of Dresden (1699)

The Treaty of Dresden was concluded on 14 September 1699, preparing the Great Northern War.

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Treaty of Frederiksborg

The Treaty of Frederiksborg (Frederiksborgfreden) was a treaty signed at Frederiksborg Castle, Zealand, on 3 July 1720Heitz (1995), p.244 (14 July 1720 according to the Gregorian calendar), ending the Great Northern War between Denmark-Norway and Sweden.

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Treaty of Narva

The Treaty of Narva was concluded on 19 August (O.S.) / 30 August 1704 during the Great Northern War.

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Treaty of Thorn (1709)

The Treaty of Thorn was concluded on 9 October 1709 between Augustus the Strong of Poland-Lithuania and Peter the Great of Russia in Thorn (Toruń), during the Great Northern War.

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Treaty of Warsaw (1705)

The Treaty of Warsaw was concluded on 18 November (O.S.) / 28 November 1705 during the Great Northern War.

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Tromper Wiek

The Tromper Wiek is a bay on the Baltic Sea between the peninsulas of Wittow and Jasmund on the island of Rügen in northeast Germany.

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Tuba Dei

Tuba Dei (Latin for "God's Trumpet"), is the largest medieval bell in Poland and one of the largest medieval bells in Europe, hanging in the tower of Ss. Johns Cathedral in Toruń.

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Turnul Colței

Turnul Colţei (also Turnul Colţea or Colţii) was a tower located in Bucharest, Wallachia, now in Romania.

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Tyghuset

Tyghuset (Swedish: "The Arsenal") is a building on the islet Skeppsholmen in central Stockholm, Sweden, today housing the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities.

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Tynnelsö Castle

Tynnelsö Castle (Tynnelsö slott) is a castle in Sweden.

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Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)

The Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UOC; Ukrayinsʹka Pravoslavna Tserkva, Ukrainskaya Pravoslavnaya Tserkov') is a self-governing church of the Russian Orthodox Church in Ukraine.

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Ulrica Arfvidsson

Anna Ulrica Arfvidsson (1734–1801) was a professional Swedish fortune-teller during the reign of Gustav III of Sweden.

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Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve, Count of Samsø

Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve (1678 – December 1719) was a Danish navy Admiral and Governor of Iceland.

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Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark

Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark (11 September 1656 – 26 July 1693) was the Queen consort of Sweden as the spouse of King Charles XI of Sweden.

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Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden

Ulrika Eleonora or Ulrica Eleanor (23 January 1688 – 24 November 1741), also known as Ulrika Eleonora the Younger, was Queen regnant of Sweden from 5 December 1718 until her abdication on 29 February 1720 in favour of her husband Frederick I of Sweden, which made her Queen consort of Sweden until her death.

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Union between Sweden and Norway

Sweden and Norway or Sweden–Norway (Svensk-norska unionen; Den svensk-norske union), officially the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, or as the United Kingdoms, was a personal union of the separate kingdoms of Sweden and Norway under a common monarch and common foreign policy that lasted from 1814 until its amicable and peaceful dissolution in 1905.

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Uppsala Cathedral

Uppsala Cathedral (Uppsala domkyrka) is a cathedral located between the Uppsala University Main Building and the River Fyris in the centre of Uppsala, Sweden.

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Uppsala University Library

Uppsala University Library (Uppsala universitetsbibliotek) at Uppsala University in Uppsala, Sweden, consists of 11 subject libraries, one of which is housed in the old main library building, Carolina Rediviva.

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Vansbro Municipality

Vansbro Municipality (Vansbro kommun) is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden.

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Varberg Fortress

Varberg Fortress (Varbergs fästning) is a former fortification in Varberg, Halland County, Sweden.

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Vasily Lukich Dolgorukov

Prince Vasiliy Lukich Dolgorukov (Russian: Василий Лукич Долгоруков) (16728 November 1739) was a Russian diplomat and minister who was the most powerful man in the country in the later years of Peter II's reign.

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Vasyl Kochubey

Vasyl Leontiyovych Kochubey (Василь Леонтiйович Кочубей) (c. 1640 – 15 July 1708) was a Ukrainian nobleman and statesman of Tatar descent.

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Västerlånggatan

Västerlånggatan (The Western Long Street) is a street in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden.

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Vedbæk

Vedbæk is a suburban neighbourhood on the coast north of Copenhagen, Denmark.

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Verner von Heidenstam

Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam (6 July 1859 – 20 May 1940) was a Swedish poet, novelist and laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1916.

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Viking rock

Viking rock (Vikingarock in Swedish) is a rock music genre that takes much of its themes from 19th-century Viking romanticism, mixing it with elements of rockabilly, Oi! or street punk, and folk music.

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Vincens Budde

Vincens Budde (also known as Vincents Budde or Vincent Budde) was a Norwegian officer, born in 1660 in Halden, Norway into a Norwegian military family (his father, Frederick Otto Budde, served under Tønne Huitfeldt at Fredriksten fortress in Halden, which repelled a Swedish attack in 1660).

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Voltaire

François-Marie Arouet (21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), known by his nom de plume Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on Christianity as a whole, especially the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech and separation of church and state.

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Vorskla River

The Vorskla River (Worskla), located in Russia and northeastern Ukraine, is a south-flowing tributary of the Dnieper River.

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Waldmohr

Waldmohr is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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War of the Polish Succession

The War of the Polish Succession (1733–35) was a major European war sparked by a Polish civil war over the succession to Augustus II, which the other European powers widened in pursuit of their own national interests.

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Wars and battles involving Prussia

Prussia and its predecessor, Brandenburg-Prussia, were involved in numerous conflicts during their existence as nation-states.

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William Bolitho Ryall

William Bolitho Ryall (1891–1930) was a South African journalist, writer and biographer who was a valued friend of prominent writers such as Ernest Hemingway, Noël Coward, Walter Lippmann and Walter Duranty.

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Winifred Todhunter

Winifred Ada Todhunter (1877, London – September 11, 1961, Ladner, British Columbia) was an educator, translator and founder of the Todhunter School for girls in New York City.

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Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach

Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach (1653–1721) was Governor General of Swedish Estonia from 1704 to 1706.

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Women in 18th-century warfare

Active warfare throughout recorded history has predominantly involved male combatants; however, women have also contributed to military activities including as combatants.

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Yuri Kondratyuk

Yuriy Vasilievich Kondratyuk (real name Aleksandr Ignatyevich Shargei, Олександр Гнатович Шаргей, Oleksandr Hnatovych Sharhei) (June 21, 1897 – February 1942) was a Soviet engineer and mathematician.

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Zalău

Zalău (Zillenmarkt or Waltenberg, Zilah, Zile) is the seat of Sălaj County, Transylvania, Romania.

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Zaporizhia

− Zaporizhia (Запорі́жжя) or Zaporozhye (Запоро́жье), formerly Alexandrovsk (Алекса́ндровск), (Олександрівськ), is a city in southeastern Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper River.

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Zaporozhian Cossacks

The Zaporozhian Cossacks, Zaporozhian Cossack Army, Zaporozhian Host (Військо Запорізьке, Войско Запорожское) or simply Zaporozhians (translit) were Cossacks who lived beyond the rapids of the Dnieper River, the land also known under the historical term Wild Fields in today's Central Ukraine.

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13th Belozersk Infantry Regiment

The 13th Belozersk Infantry Regiment, or 13th General Field Marshal Prince Volkonsky's Infantry Regiment, was an infantry regiment of the Russian Empire's Imperial Russian Army.

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1682

No description.

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1682 in Sweden

Events from the year 1682 in Sweden.

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1697

No description.

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1697 in Sweden

Events from the year 1697 in Sweden.

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1698 in Sweden

Events from the year 1698 in Sweden.

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1699 in Sweden

Events from the year 1699 in Sweden.

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1700

As of March 1 (O.S. February 19), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 11 days until 1799.

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1700 in Denmark

Events from the year 1700 in Denmark.

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1700 in Sweden

Events from the year 1700 in Sweden.

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1701

In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

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1701 in Sweden

Events from the year 1701 in Sweden.

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1702

In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Wednesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

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1702 in Sweden

Events from the year 1702 in Sweden.

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1703 in Sweden

Events from the year 1703 in Sweden.

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1704

In the Swedish calendar it was a leap year starting on Friday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

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1704 in music

The year 1704 in music involved some significant events.

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1704 in Sweden

Events from the year 1704 in Sweden.

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1705 in Sweden

Events from the year 1705 in Sweden.

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1706 in Sweden

Events from the year 1706 in Sweden.

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1707

In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

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1707 in Sweden

Events from the year 1707 in Sweden.

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1708 in Sweden

Events from the year 1708 in Sweden.

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1709

In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Friday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

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1709 in Sweden

Events from the year 1709 in Sweden.

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1710 in Sweden

Events from the year 1710 in Sweden.

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1711 in Sweden

Events from the year 1711 in Sweden.

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1712 in Sweden

Events from the year 1712 in Sweden.

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1713

No description.

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1713 in Sweden

Events from the year 1713 in Sweden.

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1714 in Sweden

Events from the year 1714 in Sweden.

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1715 in Sweden

Events from the year 1715 in Sweden.

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1716 in Sweden

Events from the year 1716 in Sweden.

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1717 in Sweden

Events from the year 1717 in Sweden.

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1718

No description.

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1718 in Norway

Events in the year 1718 in Norway.

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1718 in Sweden

Events from the year 1718 in Sweden.

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18th century

The 18th century lasted from January 1, 1701 to December 31, 1800 in the Gregorian calendar.

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30:e november

30:e november (30 November) is a Swedish film released to cinemas in Sweden on 10 March 1995.

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Redirects here:

Alexander of the North, Carl XII, Carl XII of Sweden, Carolus Rex, Charles 12, Charles XII, Charles XII Gustav of Sweden, Charles XII Vasa, Charles XII of Sweden and Norway, Charles XII, King of Sweden, Charles Xii, Charles the Habitue, Charles the Habitué, Charles xii, Charles xii of sweden, Demirbas Sarl, Demirbaş Şarl, Karl XII, Karl XII of Sweden, Karl den tolfte, King Charles XII, King Charles XII of Sweden, Madman of the North, Swedish King Charles XII.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden

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