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333 relations: Abdalsalam Abdallah, Abdel Rahman el-Abnudi, Abdo Khal, Abjad, Accusative case, Acequia, Ad-Din, Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman, Aida (given name), Ait Seghrouchen Berber, Al Ahly SC, Al-Ahsa Governorate, Al-Azhar Mosque, Al-Ājurrūmīyya, Al-Lat, Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, Al-Masry SC, Al-Nahda, Al-Nusra Front, Al-Tijani Yusuf Bashir, Alaa Al Aswany, Alavi Bohras, Alfiz, Algerian Arabic, Amine Gemayel, Ancient Libya, Andalusian Arabic, Animacy, Apology of al-Kindy, Arab (disambiguation), Arab League, Arab studies, Arab world, Arabic, Arabic diacritics, Arabic grammar, Arabic language influence on the Spanish language, Arabic languages, Arabic literature, Arabic nouns and adjectives, Arabic phonology, Arabic verbs, Arabization, Arabs, Arabs in the Caucasus, Archaeology of Oman, As-salamu alaykum, Assibilation, At-Tin, Atatürk's Reforms, ..., Autosegmental phonology, Ayman al-Zawahiri, Azur & Asmar: The Princes' Quest, Ḍād, Ḏāl, Ẓāʾ, Baalbek, Bab al-Saghir, Baghdad Jewish Arabic, Bahrain, Bedouin, Biblical Hebrew, Bikdash Arabic Transliteration Rules, Brother Rachid, Byzantine Empire, Caliphate of Córdoba, Canaanite shift, Central Atlas Tamazight, Central Kurdish, Christianity in Syria, Christoph Luxenberg, Chutzpah, Classical, Classical Chinese, Classical language, Cognate, Compound subject, Conservative (language), Construct state, Culture of Morocco, Culture of the United Arab Emirates, Cyranides, Cyrus H. 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Monroe, Jean Deny, Jewish Christian, Jingtang Jiaoyu, John Rossant, Judeo-Arabic languages, Kamal ad-Din, Karim Kassem, Khalifa, Khanith, Khutbah, Kibbeh, Kingdom of Tlemcen, Koiné language, Kunya (Arabic), Kurds, Kuwaiti Arabic, Laleh Bakhtiar, Language and the euro, Language revitalization, Languages in censuses, Languages of Iberia, Languages of Iran, Languages of Mali, Languages of Morocco, Languages of Portugal, Languages of Spain, Languages of Syria, Libyan Arabic, List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran, List of chemical element name etymologies, List of countries where Arabic is an official language, List of diglossic regions, List of extinct languages of Europe, List of In Our Time programmes, List of languages by first written accounts, List of literary works by number of translations, List of women warriors in folklore, Literary language, Literature of Bahrain, Maktab, Maltese language, Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo), Marinid dynasty, Martyrs of Algeria, Mawla, Medieval Greek, Medieval Hebrew, Metre (poetry), Middle Persian, Mimation, Miral al-Tahawy, Mithal al-Alusi, Mizrahi Hebrew, Modern Standard Arabic, Mohamed Choukri, Mohammed al-Baydhaq, Moors, Moroccan Arabic, Moroccan Goumier, Moroccans, Mozarabic language, Muladi, Muslim, Muwashshah, Nabidh, Nabyla Maan, Nacer Khemir, Namara inscription, Name of Syria, Nasal vowel, Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, Nazim Al-Haqqani, Niloofar Haeri, Nominalized adjective, Norman-Arab-Byzantine culture, Nun (letter), Object–verb–subject, Occlusive, Old Arabic, Old Hijazi, Once upon a time, Orientalism in early modern France, Palestinian Arabic, Palestinian Christians, Participle, Peninsular Arabic, Peter of Toledo, Pharyngealization, Phoenicianism, Polypersonal agreement, Pre-classical Arabic, Proto-Arabic, Proto-Semitic language, Psychology in medieval Islam, Qudud Halabiya, Qunut, Quran, Quran translations, Quranic Arabic Corpus, Razihi language, Relative and absolute tense, Relative clause, Renaissance, Revival of the Hebrew language, Rihla, Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire, Rita El Khayat, Rutgers University Department of African, Middle Eastern, and South Asian Languages and Literatures, Sa'idi Arabic, Saadi dynasty, Sacred language, Salim Jay, San'ani Arabic, Sati' al-Husri, Segolate, Semitic languages, Sidon, Sonia Toumia, Souad Massi, South Asians in Hong Kong, Souwar – Pictures, Spain, Span (unit), Stop consonant, Stratum (linguistics), Stress (linguistics), Sultanate of Tuggurt, Sun and moon letters, Sunni Islam, Syed Sadaqat Ali, Syllable, Synthetic language, Syria, Syria (region), Tafsir, Taha Hussein, Tajwid, Tammam Hassan, The Night of Counting the Years, The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran, Toledo School of Translators, Tomorrow's Pioneers, Translation, Treebank, Tulunids, Tunisian Arabic, Tunisian Arabic morphology, Ugaritic, Ullah, Umayyad Caliphate, University of Al Quaraouiyine, Usama ibn Munqidh, Uyunid Emirate, Valyrian languages, Varieties of Arabic, Verb–subject–object, Voiced dental and alveolar lateral fricatives, Voiced velar stop, Vowel, Warlpiri language, Wesley Muhammad, Wolfhart Heinrichs, Yawmyat Rajoul Mahzoom, Yemeni Arabic, Youakim Moubarac, Yusuf al-Maghribi, Zuhdi Jasser. 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Abdalsalam Abdallah
Abdallah Abdalsalam (Classical Arabic:, born 10 October 1983) is an Egyptian volleyball player, a member of Egypt men's national volleyball team and Egyptian club Al Ahly SC,.
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Abdel Rahman el-Abnudi
Abdel Rahman el-Abnudi (عبد الرحمن الأبنودى) (1938 – 21 April 2015) was a popular Egyptian poet, and more recently a children's books writer.
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Abdo Khal
Abdo Khal (born 1962) is an author from Saudi Arabia and the winner of the 2010 International Prize for Arabic Fiction.
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Abjad
An abjad (pronounced or) is a type of writing system where each symbol or glyph stands for a consonant, leaving the reader to supply the appropriate vowel.
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Accusative case
The accusative case (abbreviated) of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb.
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Acequia
An acequia or séquia is a community-operated watercourse used in Spain and former Spanish colonies in the Americas for irrigation.
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Ad-Din
Ad-Din (الدين "(of) the religion"), a component of some Arabic names, meaning "the religion", e.g. Saif al-Din "Sword of the religion".
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Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman
The Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman are ancient water channels from 500 AD located in the regions of Dakhiliyah, Sharqiyah and Batinah.
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Aida (given name)
Aida or Aïda is a female given name.
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Ait Seghrouchen Berber
Ait Seghrouchen Berber, or Seghroucheni (Seghrusheni), is a Zenati Berber language of the Eastern Middle Atlas Berber cluster.
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Al Ahly SC
Al Ahly Sporting Club (Classical Arabic: النادي الأهلي للألعاب الرياضية; النادي الأهلي الرياضي, El Nady El Ahly El Riady, English translation:The National Sporting Club) is an Egyptian sports club based in Cairo, Egypt.
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Al-Ahsa Governorate
Al Ahsa (الأحساء al-Aḥsāʾ, locally pronounced al-Ḥasāʾ) is the largest governorate in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province, named after the Al-Ahsa oasis.
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Al-Azhar Mosque
Al-Azhar Mosque (جامع الأزهر, الأزهر, "mosque of the most resplendent") is an Egyptian mosque in Islamic Cairo.
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Al-Ājurrūmīyya
al-Ājrūmīya (Arabic: الْآجُرُّومِيَّةِ) in full is a 13th-century book of Arabic grammar (نحو عربي naḥw ʿarabī).
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Al-Lat
Allat, also spelled Allatu, Alilat,, and (اللات) was the name and title of multiple goddesses worshipped in pre-Islamic Arabia, including the one in Mecca who was a chief goddess along with her siblings Manāt and al-‘Uzzá.
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Al-Masjid an-Nabawi
The Prophet's Mosque (Classical ٱلْـمَـسْـجِـدُ ٱلـنَّـبَـوِيّ, Al-Masjidun-Nabawiyy; Modern Standard ٱلْـمَـسْـجِـدْ اَلـنَّـبَـوِي, Al-Masjid An-Nabawī) is a mosque established and originally built by the Islamic prophet Muhammad, situated in the city of Medina in the Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Masry SC
Al-Masry Sporting Club (Classical Arabic:النادي المصري للألعاب الرياضية) (Egyptian Arabic: المصري البورسعيدي, El Masry El Portsaïdy) is an Egyptian sports club based in Port Said, Egypt.
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Al-Nahda
Al-Nahda (النهضة / ALA-LC: an-Nahḍah; Arabic for "awakening" or "renaissance") was a cultural renaissance that began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Egypt, then later moving to Ottoman-ruled Arabic-speaking regions including Lebanon, Syria and others.
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Al-Nusra Front
Al-Nusra Front or Jabhat al-Nusra (جبهة النصرة.), known as Jabhat Fateh al-Sham (جبهة فتح الشام, transliteration: Jabhat Fataḥ al-Šām) after July 2016, and also described as al-Qaeda in Syria or al-Qaeda in the Levant, was a Salafist jihadist organization fighting against Syrian government forces in the Syrian Civil War.
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Al-Tijani Yusuf Bashir
Al-Tijani Yusuf Bashir (1912–1937) was a Sudanese poet who wrote in Arabic.
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Alaa Al Aswany
Alaa Al-Aswany (علاء الأسواني,; born 26 May 1957) is an Egyptian writer, and a founding member of the political movement Kefaya.
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Alavi Bohras
The Alavi Bohras (علوي بھرۃ) are a Taiyebi Musta'alavi Isma'ili Shi'i Muslim community from Gujarat, India.
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Alfiz
The alfiz (perhaps from Andalusian Arabic alḥíz, from alḥáyyiz, from Classical Arabic ḥayyiz, meaning 'a container'; arrabà) is an architectonic adornment, consisting of a moulding, usually a rectangular panel, which encloses the outward side of an arch.
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Algerian Arabic
Algerian Arabic, or Algerian (known as Darja, or Dziria in Algeria) is a language derived from a variety of the Arabic languages spoken in northern Algeria.
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Amine Gemayel
Amine Pierre Gemayel (أمين بيار الجميٌل; born 22 January 1942) is a Lebanese politician who was President of Lebanon from 1982 to 1988 and was the leader of Kataeb Party.
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Ancient Libya
The Latin name Libya (from Greek Λιβύη, Libyē) referred to the region west of the Nile generally corresponding to the modern Maghreb.
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Andalusian Arabic
Andalusian Arabic, also known as Andalusi Arabic, was a variety or varieties of the Arabic language spoken in Al-Andalus, the regions of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal) under Muslim rule (and for some time after) from the 9th century to the 17th century.
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Animacy
Animacy is a grammatical and semantic principle expressed in language based on how sentient or alive the referent of a noun is.
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Apology of al-Kindy
Apology of al-Kindy (also spelled al-Kindi) is a medieval theological polemic.
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Arab (disambiguation)
An Arab is a member of a Semitic people, originally from the Arabian peninsula and neighbouring territories, inhabiting much of the Middle East and North Africa.
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Arab League
The Arab League (الجامعة العربية), formally the League of Arab States (جامعة الدول العربية), is a regional organization of Arab states in and around North Africa, the Horn of Africa and Arabia.
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Arab studies
Arab studies or Arabic studies is an academic discipline centered on the study of Arabs and Arab World.
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Arab world
The Arab world (العالم العربي; formally: Arab homeland, الوطن العربي), also known as the Arab nation (الأمة العربية) or the Arab states, currently consists of the 22 Arab countries of the Arab League.
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Arabic
Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.
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Arabic diacritics
The Arabic script has numerous diacritics, including i'jam -, consonant pointing and tashkil -, supplementary diacritics.
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Arabic grammar
Arabic grammar (اَلنَّحْو اَلْعَرَبِي or قَوَاعِد اَللُّغَة اَلْعَرَبِيَّة) is the grammar of the Arabic language.
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Arabic language influence on the Spanish language
Arabic influence on the Spanish language overwhelmingly dates from the Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula between 711 and 1492.
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Arabic languages
The Arabic language family consists of all of the descendants of Proto-Arabic, including.
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Arabic literature
Arabic literature (الأدب العربي / ALA-LC: al-Adab al-‘Arabī) is the writing, both prose and poetry, produced by writers in the Arabic language.
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Arabic nouns and adjectives
Arabic nouns and adjectives are declined according to case, state, gender and number.
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Arabic phonology
While many languages have numerous dialects that differ in phonology, the contemporary spoken Arabic language is more properly described as a continuum of varieties.
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Arabic verbs
Arabic verbs (فِعْل; أَفْعَال), like the verbs in other Semitic languages, and the entire vocabulary in those languages, are based on a set of two, three, four and also five (but mainly three) consonants called a root (triliteral or quadriliteral according to the number of consonants).
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Arabization
Arabization or Arabisation (تعريب) describes either the conquest and/or colonization of a non-Arab area and growing Arab influence on non-Arab populations, causing a language shift by their gradual adoption of the Arabic language and/or their incorporation of Arab culture, Arab identity.
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Arabs
Arabs (عَرَب ISO 233, Arabic pronunciation) are a population inhabiting the Arab world.
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Arabs in the Caucasus
Arabs first established themselves in the Caucasus in the eighth century, during the Islamic conquests of the Middle East.
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Archaeology of Oman
The present-day Sultanate of Oman lies in the south-eastern Arabian Peninsula.
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As-salamu alaykum
As-salāmu ʿalaykum (السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ) is a greeting in Arabic that means "peace be upon you".
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Assibilation
In linguistics, assibilation is a sound change resulting in a sibilant consonant.
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At-Tin
Sūrat at-Tīn (التين, "The Fig, The Figtree") is the ninety-fifth sura of the Qur'an with 8 ayat.
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Atatürk's Reforms
Atatürk's Reforms (Atatürk Devrimleri) were a series of political, legal, religious, cultural, social, and economic policy changes that were designed to convert the new Republic of Turkey into a secular, modern nation-state and implemented under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in accordance with Kemalist ideology.
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Autosegmental phonology
Autosegmental phonology is a framework of phonological analysis proposed by John Goldsmith in his PhD thesis in 1976 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
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Ayman al-Zawahiri
Ayman Mohammed Rabie al-Zawahiri (أيمن محمد ربيع الظواهري, born June 19, 1951) is the current leader of Al-Qaeda and a current or former member and senior official of Islamist organizations which have orchestrated and carried out attacks in North America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.
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Azur & Asmar: The Princes' Quest
Azur & Asmar: The Princes' Quest (Azur et Asmar) is a 2006 French-Spanish-Belgian-Italian 3D CGI animated fairytale fantasy film written and directed by Michel Ocelot and animated at the Paris animation and visual effects studio Mac Guff Ligne.
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Ḍād
(ض), is one of the six letters the Arabic alphabet added to the twenty-two inherited from the Phoenician alphabet (the others being). In name and shape, it is a variant of.
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Ḏāl
(ذ, also be transcribed as) is one of the six letters the Arabic alphabet added to the twenty-two inherited from the Phoenician alphabet (the others being). In Modern Standard Arabic it represents.
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Ẓāʾ
, or (ظ), is one of the six letters the Arabic alphabet added to the twenty-two inherited from the Phoenician alphabet (the others being). In Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic it represents a pharyngealized or velarized voiced dental fricative or.
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Baalbek
Baalbek, properly Baʿalbek (بعلبك) and also known as Balbec, Baalbec or Baalbeck, is a city in the Anti-Lebanon foothills east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, about northeast of Beirut and about north of Damascus.
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Bab al-Saghir
Bāb aṣ-Ṣaghīr (بَـاب الـصَّـغِـيْـر, "Small Gate"), also called Goristan-e-Ghariban, may refer to one of the seven gates in the Old City of Damascus, and street in the modern city of Damascus, Syria.
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Baghdad Jewish Arabic
Baghdad Jewish Arabic (عربية يهودية بغدادية) is the Arabic dialect spoken by the Jews of Baghdad and other towns of Southern Iraq.
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Bahrain
Bahrain (البحرين), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain (مملكة البحرين), is an Arab constitutional monarchy in the Persian Gulf.
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Bedouin
The Bedouin (badawī) are a grouping of nomadic Arab peoples who have historically inhabited the desert regions in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq and the Levant.
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Biblical Hebrew
Biblical Hebrew (rtl Ivrit Miqra'it or rtl Leshon ha-Miqra), also called Classical Hebrew, is an archaic form of Hebrew, a Canaanite Semitic language spoken by the Israelites in the area known as Israel, roughly west of the Jordan River and east of the Mediterranean Sea.
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Bikdash Arabic Transliteration Rules
A set of rules for the romanization of Arabic that is highly phonetic, almost one-to-one, and uses only two special characters, namely the hyphen and the apostrophe as modifiers.
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Brother Rachid
Brother Rachid (born 1971, Morocco) is a Moroccan Christian convert from Islam whose father is a well-known respected Imam.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).
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Caliphate of Córdoba
The Caliphate of Córdoba (خلافة قرطبة; trans. Khilāfat Qurṭuba) was a state in Islamic Iberia along with a part of North Africa ruled by the Umayyad dynasty.
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Canaanite shift
In historical linguistics, the Canaanite shift is a sound change that took place in the Canaanite dialects, which belong to the Northwest Semitic branch of the Semitic languages family.
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Central Atlas Tamazight
No description.
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Central Kurdish
Central Kurdish (کوردیی ناوەندی, Kurdîy nawendî), also called Sorani (سۆرانی, Soranî) is a Kurdish language spoken in Iraq, mainly in Iraqi Kurdistan, as well as the Kurdistan Province and West Azerbaijan Province of western Iran.
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Christianity in Syria
Christians in Syria make up approximately 10% of the population.
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Christoph Luxenberg
Christoph Luxenberg is the pseudonym of the author of The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran: A Contribution to the Decoding of the Language of the Qur'an (German edition 2000, English translation 2007) and several articles in anthologies about early Islam.
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Chutzpah
Chutzpah is the quality of audacity, for good or for bad.
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Classical
Classical may refer to.
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Classical Chinese
Classical Chinese, also known as Literary Chinese, is the language of the classic literature from the end of the Spring and Autumn period through to the end of the Han Dynasty, a written form of Old Chinese.
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Classical language
A classical language is a language with a literature that is classical.
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Cognate
In linguistics, cognates are words that have a common etymological origin.
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Compound subject
A compound subject is two or more individual noun phrases coordinated to form a single, longer noun phrase. Compound subjects cause many difficulties in the proper usage of grammatical agreement between the subject and other entities (verbs, pronouns, etc.). In reality, these issues are not specific to compound subjects as such, coming up equally as well with compound noun phrases of all sorts, but the problems are most acute with compound subjects because of the large number of types of agreement occurring with such subjects. As shown in the examples, for English compound subjects joined by and, the agreement rules are generally unambiguous, but sometimes tricky. For example, the compound subject you and I is treated equivalently to we, taking appropriate pronominal agreement ("our car", not "your car", "their car", etc.). In languages with more extensive subject-verb agreement (e.g. Spanish or Arabic), the verb agreement is clearly revealed as also being first-person plural. For the subjects joined by or, however, the rules are often ill-defined, especially when two elements that differ in grammatical gender or grammatical number are coordinate. (The tendency, in such cases, is to rewrite the sentences to avoid the conjunction: e.g. "Sylvia and I each have our own car, and one of us is planning to sell their car". Note that this still has a compound subject using and as the conjunction, and uses "semi-informal" "generic their" to get around the "his or her" problem. This could be avoided with a further rewrite: "Either Sylvia will sell her car, or I will sell mine.".
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Conservative (language)
In linguistics, a conservative form, variety, or modality is one that has changed relatively little over its history, or which is relatively resistant to change.
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Construct state
In Afro-Asiatic languages, the first noun in a genitive phrase of a possessed noun followed by a possessor noun often takes on a special morphological form, which is termed the construct state (Latin status constructus).
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Culture of Morocco
The culture of Morocco reflects the Berber and Arab influences represented by its population.
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Culture of the United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates has a diverse society.
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Cyranides
The Cyranides (also Kyranides or Kiranides) is a compilation of magico-medical works in Greek first put together in the 4th century.
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Cyrus H. Gordon
Cyrus Herzl Gordon (June 29, 1908 – March 30, 2001) was an American scholar of Near Eastern cultures and ancient languages.
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Dabbe
The name dabbe means an animal or a creature, often a baby animal in Classical Arabic and a baby camel in a still more specific sense.
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Dagestan
The Republic of Dagestan (Респу́блика Дагеста́н), or simply Dagestan (or; Дагеста́н), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region.
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Dar El Beïda
Dar El Beïda (الدار البيضاء) is a suburb of Algiers, Algeria.
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David (name)
David is a common masculine given name of Biblical Hebrew origin, as King David is a character of central importance in the Hebrew Bible and in Christian, Jewish and Islamic religious tradition.
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David in Islam
The biblical David (Dā’ūd or Dāwūd), who was, according to the Hebrew Bible, the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah, reigning in –970 BCE, is also venerated in Islam as a prophet and messenger of God, and as a righteous, divinely-anointed monarch of the ancient United Kingdom of Israel, which itself is revered in Islam.
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Death of Neda Agha-Soltan
Footage of the death of Nedā Āghā-Soltān (نِدا آقاسُلطان – Nedā Āġā Soltān; 23 January 1983 – 20 June 2009) drew worldwide attention after she was shot dead during the 2009 Iranian election protests.
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Demographics of the Arab League
The Arab League (League of Arab States) is a social, cultural and economic grouping of 22 Arab states in the Arab world.
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Dialect continuum
A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a spread of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighbouring varieties differ only slightly, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated varieties are not mutually intelligible.
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Diana Haddad
Diana Haddad (ديانا حداد) (born 1 October 1976) is a Lebanese singer and television personality who also holds an Emirati citizenship and is based in the United Arab Emirates.
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Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic
The Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic is an Arabic-English dictionary compiled by Hans Wehr and edited by J Milton Cowan.
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Divine language
Divine language, the language of the gods, or, in monotheism, the language of God (or angels) is the concept of a mystical or divine proto-language, which predates and supersedes human speech.
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Dom Ignatios Firzli
Dom Ignatios Firzli (April 25, 1913 – August 10, 1997), also known in Brazilian Portuguese as Ignatios Ferzli was a Melkite Greek Orthodox Christian priest and theologian who became Antiochian Metropolitan Bishop of Sao Paulo and head of the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch for Brazil and South America.
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Dual (grammatical number)
Dual (abbreviated) is a grammatical number that some languages use in addition to singular and plural.
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Early medieval literature
See also: Ancient literature, 10th century in literature, list of years in literature.
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Early world maps
The earliest known world maps date to classical antiquity, the oldest examples of the 6th to 5th centuries BCE still based on the flat Earth paradigm.
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Eastern Orthodoxy in Syria
Eastern Orthodoxy in Syria represents Christians in Syria who are adherents of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
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Egypt
Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
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Egyptian Arabic
Egyptian Arabic, locally known as the Egyptian colloquial language or Masri, also spelled Masry, meaning simply "Egyptian", is spoken by most contemporary Egyptians.
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Egyptian Arabic phonology
This article is about the phonology of Egyptian Arabic, also known as Cairene Arabic or Masri.
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Egyptian Australians
Egyptian Australians are Australian citizens and Australian permanent residents of Egyptian descent.
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Egyptian cuisine
Egyptian cuisine is characterized by dishes such as ful medames, mashed fava beans; kushari, with lentils and pasta, a national dish; and molokhiya, bush okra stew.
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Egyptian literature
Egyptian literature traces its beginnings to ancient Egypt and is some of the earliest known literature.
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Egyptian New Zealanders
Egyptian New Zealanders are New Zealand citizens and New Zealand permanent residents of Egyptian descent.
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Egyptians
Egyptians (مَصريين;; مِصريّون; Ni/rem/en/kīmi) are an ethnic group native to Egypt and the citizens of that country sharing a common culture and a common dialect known as Egyptian Arabic.
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El Mutakallimun
El Mutakallimun (المتكلمون) is the sixth album of Souad Massi, the Algerian-born, Paris-based singer-songwriter, released in 2015.
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El-Said Badawi
El-Said Badawi (El-Saʿīd Muḥammad Badawī) (السعيد محمد بدوي) was a scholar and linguist and author of many works, both in English and in Arabic, dealing with various aspects of the Arabic language.
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Emirate of Córdoba
The Emirate of Córdoba (إمارة قرطبة, Imārat Qurṭuba) was an independent emirate in the Iberian Peninsula ruled by the Umayyad dynasty with Córdoba as its capital.
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Emirate of Granada
The Emirate of Granada (إمارة غرﻧﺎﻃﺔ, trans. Imarat Gharnāṭah), also known as the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada (Reino Nazarí de Granada), was an emirate established in 1230 by Muhammad ibn al-Ahmar.
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Emirate of Tbilisi
The Emirs of Tbilisi (თბილისის საამირო, إمارة تفليسي) ruled over the parts of today’s eastern Georgia from their base in the city of Tbilisi, from 736 to 1080 (nominally to 1122).
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Entaha al Mushwar
Entaha al Mushwar is the seventeenth album by Kathem Al Saher, released on November 1, 2005.
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Epenthesis
In phonology, epenthesis (Greek) means the addition of one or more sounds to a word, especially to the interior of a word (at the beginning prothesis and at the end paragoge are commonly used).
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ʾIʿrab
(إِﻋْﺮَاب) is an Arabic term for the system of nominal, adjectival, or verbal suffixes of Classical Arabic.
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Fatimid Caliphate
The Fatimid Caliphate was an Islamic caliphate that spanned a large area of North Africa, from the Red Sea in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west.
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Fatimid sack of Genoa
The Fatimid Caliphate conducted a major raid on the Ligurian coast in 934–35, culminating in the sack of its major port, Genoa, on 16 August 935.
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Fawakih
Fawakih is an educational non profit that focuses on teaching Classical Arabic to students throughout the United States for the purpose of accessing the Quran, Hadith and classical texts of the Islamic Sciences.
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Feddan
A feddan (faddān) is a unit of area.
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Fitna (word)
Fitna (or, pl.; فتنة, فتن: "temptation, trial; sedition, civil strife"Wehr (1976), p. 696.) is an Arabic word with extensive connotations of trial, affliction, or distress.
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Franz Baermann Steiner
Franz Baermann Steiner (born 12 October 1909 in the town of Karlín (the later suburb of Karolinethal), just outside Prague, Bohemia, died 27 November 1952, in Oxford) was an ethnologist, polymath, essayist, aphorist, and poet.
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French language in Algeria
French is a lingua franca of Algeria according to the CIA World Factbook.
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French language in Morocco
French is one of the two prestige languages of Morocco, is often used for business, diplomacy, and government,"." CIA World Factbook.
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Fusha (disambiguation)
The term Fusha may refer to.
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Future tense
In grammar, a future tense (abbreviated) is a verb form that generally marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future.
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Gümüş (TV series)
Gümüş ("Silver") is a Turkish melodrama originally broadcast in Turkey by Kanal D from 2005 to 2007, followed the travails of a simple young woman "Gümüş," played by Songül Öden, who marries into a wealthy family.
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Gemination
Gemination, or consonant elongation, is the pronouncing in phonetics of a spoken consonant for an audibly longer period of time than that of a short consonant.
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Genitive construction
In grammar, a genitive construction or genitival construction is a type of grammatical construction used to express a relation between two nouns such as the possession of one by another (e.g. "John's jacket"), or some other type of connection (e.g. "John's father" or "the father of John").
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Geography (Ptolemy)
The Geography (Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις, Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, "Geographical Guidance"), also known by its Latin names as the Geographia and the Cosmographia, is a gazetteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire.
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Grammar
In linguistics, grammar (from Greek: γραμματική) is the set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language.
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Grammatical mood
In linguistics, grammatical mood (also mode) is a grammatical feature of verbs, used for signaling modality.
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Hadhrami Arabic
Hadhrami Arabic, or Ḥaḍrami Arabic, is a variety of Arabic spoken by the Hadhrami people (Ḥaḍārima) living in the Hadhramaut.
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Hafiat Al-Kadamain
Hafiat Al-Kadamain is the sixteenth album by Kadim Al Sahir, released on June 29, 2003.
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Hafiz (Quran)
Hafiz (ḥāfiẓ, حُفَّاظ, pl. ḥuffāẓ, حافظة f. ḥāfiẓa), literally meaning "guardian" or "memorizer", depending on the context, is a term used by Muslims for someone who has completely memorized the Qur'an.
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Hammadid dynasty
The Hammadid dynasty was a Sanhaja Berber dynasty that ruled an area roughly corresponding to north-eastern modern Algeria between 1008 and 1152.
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Haqaiq al-furqan
Haqā'iq al-Furqān (Urdu: حقائق الفرقان, haqā'iq-ul-furqān, lit. "Inner Verities of the Discriminant") is a 4 volume exegesis of the Quran compiled from the discouces and sermons of al-Hājj Mawlānā Hāfiz Hakīm Noor-ud-Din, the first Caliph of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.
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Hasaitic dialect
Hasaitic is an Ancient North Arabian dialect attested in inscriptions in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia at Thaj, Hinna, Qatif, Ras Tanura, Abqaiq in the al-Hasa region, Ayn Jawan, Mileiha and at Uruk.
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Hassan (given name)
Hassan (also spelled Hasan, Hassane, Hassen, Hasson, Hassin, Hassine, Hacen, Hasen, Hasin, Hassa, Hassann, Hasa, Hasso, Cassin, Chassan, Chasan, Khassan, Khasan, Cassan, Casan, Hasaan, Alassane, Lassana, Lacène, or Lansenou) (حسن) is a masculine Arabic given name.
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Hassaniya Arabic
Hassānīya (حسانية; also known as Hassaniyya, Klem El Bithan, Hasanya, Hassani, Hassaniya) is a variety of Maghrebi Arabic.
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Hebrew language
No description.
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Hejazi Arabic
Hejazi Arabic or Hijazi Arabic (حجازي), also known as West Arabian Arabic, is a variety of Arabic spoken in the Hejaz region in Saudi Arabia.
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Hejazi Arabic phonology
The phonological system of the Hejazi Arabic consists of approximately 28 consonant phonemes of which two are partially used by a number of speakers, and 8 vowel phonemes, in addition to 2 diphthongs.
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Hellenistic Judaism
Hellenistic Judaism was a form of Judaism in the ancient world that combined Jewish religious tradition with elements of Greek culture.
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Hellmut Ritter
Hellmut Ritter (February 27, 1892 – 19 May 1971) was a leading German Orientalist specialising in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish, and an authority on Sufi ritual and mysticical beliefs.
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Heritage language
A heritage language is a minority language learnt by its speakers at home as children, but it is never fully developed because its speakers grow up with a dominant language in which they become more competent.
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Hiam Abbass
Hiam Abbass (هيام عباس, היאם עבאס; born November 30, 1960), also Hiyam Abbas, is an Israeli Palestinian actress and film director.
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History of the Arabic alphabet
The history of the Arabic alphabet concerns the origins and the evolution of the Arabic script.
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Huda Sha'arawi
Huda (or Hoda) Sha‘rawi (هدى شعراوي (Egyptian Arabic:Hoda El-Shaarawi هدي الشعراوي), ALA-LC: Hudá Sha‘rāwī; June 23, 1879 – December 12, 1947) was a pioneering Egyptian feminist leader, nationalist, and founder of the Egyptian Feminist Union.
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Ibn Gharsiya
Abu Amir Ahmad Ibn Gharsiya al-Bashkunsi (أبو عامر أحمد بن غرسية البشكنسي) (died 1084), popularly known as Ibn Gharsiya was a Muwallad poet and katib (writer) in the taifa court of Denia.
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Ibn Sidah
Abū’l-Ḥasan ʻAlī ibn Ismāʻīl (أبو الحسن على بن اسمعيل), known as Ibn Sīdah (ابن سيده), or Ibn Sīdah'l-Mursī (ابن سيده المرسي), (c.1007-1066), was a linguist, philologist and lexicographer of Classical Arabic from Andalusia.
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Ibrahim Abatcha
Ibrahim Abatcha (1938 – February 11, 1968) was a Muslim Chadian politician reputed of Marxist leanings and associations.
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Idrisid dynasty
The Idrisids (الأدارسة) were an Arab-Berber Zaydi-Shia dynasty of Morocco, ruling from 788 to 974.
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Ikhshidid dynasty
The Ikhshidid dynasty ruled Egypt from 935 to 969.
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Ila Tilmitha
Ila Tilmitha is the sixteenth album by Kathem Al Saher, released on November 11, 2004.
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Imāla
Imāla (also transliterated; إمالة, literally "slanting") is a vowel shift exhibited in many dialects of Arabic where the open vowel, whether long or short, is raised to or even in certain morphological or phonological contexts.
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Intensive word form
In grammar, an intensive word form is one which denotes stronger, more forceful, or more concentrated action relative to the root on which the intensive is built.
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Ionians
The Ionians (Ἴωνες, Íōnes, singular Ἴων, Íōn) were one of the four major tribes that the Greeks considered themselves to be divided into during the ancient period; the other three being the Dorians, Aeolians, and Achaeans.
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Iqraa
Iqraa TV also spelt IQRA TV (اقرأ "read") is a satellite and internet television channel owned by Saleh Abdullah Kamel's Arab Media Corporation.
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Isaac in Islam
The biblical patriarch Isaac (إسحاق or إسحٰق) is recognized as a patriarch, prophet and messenger of God by all Muslims.
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Islam in Central Asia
Islam in Central Asia has existed since the beginning of Islamic history.
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Islamic holy books
Islamic holy books are the texts which Muslims believe were authored by Allah via various prophets throughout humanity's history.
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Islamic Institute of Toronto
The Islamic Institute of Toronto (IIT) is a non-profit, federally registered, educational institute.
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Islamic religious police
The Islamic religious police (مطوع muṭawwiʿ, plural مطوعون muṭawwiʿūn – derived from classical Arabic: mutaṭawwiʿa/muṭṭawwiʿa) is the official vice squad of some Islamic states, who on behalf of the state, enforces Sharia law in respect to religious behavior (morality), or the precepts of Wahhabism.
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Islamic studies
Islamic studies refers to the study of Islam.
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Jacob Reuven
Jacob Reuven (born 1976) is an Israeli mandolin player.
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James T. Monroe
James T. Monroe is an American scholar.
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Jean Deny
Jean Deny (12 July 1879 – 5 Novembre 1963) was a French grammarian, specialist of oriental languages.
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Jewish Christian
Jewish Christians, also Hebrew Christians or Judeo-Christians, are the original members of the Jewish movement that later became Christianity.
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Jingtang Jiaoyu
Jingtang jiaoyu literally meaning "scripture hall education", refers to a form of Islamic education developed in China or the method of teaching it, which is the practice of using Chinese characters to represent the Arabic language.
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John Rossant
John Rossant (born January 29, 1955) is the founder and Chairman of the New Cities Foundation, an organization looking at the future of the urban world.
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Judeo-Arabic languages
The Judeo-Arabic languages are a continuum of specifically Jewish varieties of Arabic formerly spoken by Arab Jews, i.e. Jews who had been Arabized.
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Kamal ad-Din
Kamal ad-Din (كمال الدين, Kamāl ad-Dīn) is a male Muslim given name or surname (laqab in Arabic), meaning "perfection of the religion" in Arabic.
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Karim Kassem
Karim Kassem (rtl Kareem 'Assem, also spelled Karim Assem, born 8 October 1986) is an Egyptian actor.
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Khalifa
Khalifa or Khalifah is a name or title which means "successor", "deputy" or "steward".
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Khanith
Khanith or Khaneeth (خنيث; khanīth) is a vernacular Arabic term used in Oman and some parts of the Arabian Peninsula and denotes the gender role ascribed to males who function sexually, and in some ways socially, as women.
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Khutbah
Khutbah (Arabic: خطبة khuṭbah, hutbe) serves as the primary formal occasion for public preaching in the Islamic tradition.
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Kibbeh
Kibbeh (كبة.), (also spelled and pronounced kibbe, kebbah, kubbeh, kubbah or kubbi depending on region, and known in Egypt as kobeiba and in Turkey as içli köfte) is a Levantine dish made of bulgur, minced onions, and finely ground lean beef, lamb, goat, or camel meat with Middle Eastern spices (cinnamon, nutmeg, clove, allspice).
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Kingdom of Tlemcen
The Kingdom of Tlemcen or Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen (ⵉⵣⵉⴰⵏⵉⴻⵏ, الزيانيون) was a Berber kingdom in what is now the northwest of Algeria.
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Koiné language
In linguistics, a koiné language, koiné dialect, or simply koiné (Ancient Greek κοινή, "common ") is a standard language or dialect that has arisen as a result of contact between two or more mutually intelligible varieties (dialects) of the same language.
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Kunya (Arabic)
A kunya (كنية, kunyah) is a teknonym in Arabic names, the name of an adult derived from his or her eldest child.
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Kurds
The Kurds (rtl, Kurd) or the Kurdish people (rtl, Gelî kurd), are an ethnic group in the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a contiguous area spanning adjacent parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan), northern Iraq (Southern Kurdistan), and northern Syria (Western Kurdistan).
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Kuwaiti Arabic
Kuwaiti (in Kuwaiti كويتي, //) is a Gulf Arabic dialect spoken in Kuwait.
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Laleh Bakhtiar
Laleh Mehree Bakhtiar (July 29, 1938, in New York City, United States) is an Iranian-American Muslim author, translator and clinical psychologist.
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Language and the euro
Several linguistic issues have arisen in relation to the spelling of the words euro and cent in the many languages of the member states of the European Union, as well as in relation to grammar and the formation of plurals.
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Language revitalization
Language revitalization, also referred to as language revival or reversing language shift, is an attempt to halt or reverse the decline of a language or to revive an extinct one.
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Languages in censuses
Many countries and national censuses currently enumerate or have previously enumerated their populations by languages, native language, home language, level of knowing language or a combination of these characteristics.
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Languages of Iberia
Iberian languages is a generic term for the languages currently or formerly spoken in the Iberian Peninsula.
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Languages of Iran
The current Language Policy of Iran is addressed on chapter two of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Articles 15 & 16).
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Languages of Mali
Mali is a multilingual country.
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Languages of Morocco
There are a number of languages of Morocco.
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Languages of Portugal
The languages of Portugal are the languages spoken or once spoken in the territory of the country of Portugal.
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Languages of Spain
The languages of Spain (lenguas de España), or Spanish languages (lenguas españolas), are the languages spoken or once spoken in Spain.
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Languages of Syria
Arabic is the official language of Syria and is the most widely spoken language in the country.
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Libyan Arabic
Libyan Arabic (ليبي Lībī; also known as Sulaimitian Arabic) is a variety of Arabic spoken in Libya and neighboring countries.
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List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran
List of characters and names, mentioned in the Quran.
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List of chemical element name etymologies
This is the list of etymologies for all chemical element names.
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List of countries where Arabic is an official language
Arabic and its different dialects are spoken by around 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world as well as in the Arab diaspora making it one of the five most spoken languages in the world.
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List of diglossic regions
Diglossia refers to the use of a language community of two languages or dialects, a "high" or "H" variety restricted to certain formal situations, and a "low" or "L" variety for everyday interaction.
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List of extinct languages of Europe
This is a list of extinct languages of Europe, languages which have undergone language death, have no native speakers and no spoken descendant.
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List of In Our Time programmes
In Our Time is a discussion programme on the history of ideas; it has been hosted since 1998 by Melvyn Bragg on BBC Radio 4 in the United Kingdom.
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List of languages by first written accounts
This is a list of languages arranged by the approximate dates of the oldest existing texts recording a complete sentence in the language.
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List of literary works by number of translations
This is a list of literary works (including novels, plays, series, collections of poems or short stories, and essays and other forms of literary non-fiction) sorted by the number of languages they have been translated into.
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List of women warriors in folklore
This is a list of women who engaged in war, found throughout mythology and folklore, studied in fields such as literature, sociology, psychology, anthropology, film studies, cultural studies, and women's studies.
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Literary language
A literary language is the form of a language used in the writing of the language.
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Literature of Bahrain
The literature of Bahrain has a strong tradition in the country.
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Maktab
Maktab (مكتب) or Maktabeh (مكتبة) or Maktabkhaneh (مکتبخانه) (other transliterations include makteb, mekteb, mektep, meqteb, maqtab), also called a Kuttab (الكتَّاب) “school” is an Arabic word meaning elementary schools.
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Maltese language
Maltese (Malti) is the national language of Malta and a co-official language of the country alongside English, while also serving as an official language of the European Union, the only Semitic language so distinguished.
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Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)
The Mamluk Sultanate (سلطنة المماليك Salṭanat al-Mamālīk) was a medieval realm spanning Egypt, the Levant, and Hejaz.
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Marinid dynasty
The Marinid dynasty (Berber: Imrinen, المرينيون Marīniyūn) or Banu abd al-Haqq was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Zenata Berber descent that ruled Morocco from the 13th to the 15th century.
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Martyrs of Algeria
The Martyrs of Algeria were a group of nineteen individuals slain in Algeria between 1994 and 1996 during the Algerian Civil War.
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Mawla
Mawlā (مَوْلًى), plural mawālī (مَوَالِي), is a polysemous Arabic word, whose meaning varied in different periods and contexts.
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Medieval Greek
Medieval Greek, also known as Byzantine Greek, is the stage of the Greek language between the end of Classical antiquity in the 5th–6th centuries and the end of the Middle Ages, conventionally dated to the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453.
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Medieval Hebrew
Medieval Hebrew was a literary and liturgical language that existed between the 4th and 18th century.
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Metre (poetry)
In poetry, metre is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse.
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Middle Persian
Middle Persian is the Middle Iranian language or ethnolect of southwestern Iran that during the Sasanian Empire (224–654) became a prestige dialect and so came to be spoken in other regions of the empire as well.
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Mimation
Mimation refers to the suffixed (the letter mem in many Semitic abjads) which occurs in some Semitic languages.
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Miral al-Tahawy
Miral al-Tahawy (Arabic: ميرال الطحاوي), also known as Miral Mahgoub, is an award-winning Egyptian novelist and short story writer.
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Mithal al-Alusi
Mithal Jamal Hussein Ahmad al-Alusi (مثال جمال حسين احمد الآلوسي; born 23 May 1953) is an Iraqi politician and the leader of the Iraqi Ummah Party.
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Mizrahi Hebrew
Mizrahi Hebrew, or Eastern Hebrew, refers to any of the pronunciation systems for Biblical Hebrew used liturgically by Mizrahi Jews, that is, Jews from Arab countries or further east and with a background of Arabic, Persian, or other languages of the Middle East and Asia.
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Modern Standard Arabic
Modern Standard Arabic (MSA; اللغة العربية الفصحى 'the most eloquent Arabic language'), Standard Arabic, or Literary Arabic is the standardized and literary variety of Arabic used in writing and in most formal speech throughout the Arab world to facilitate communication.
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Mohamed Choukri
Mohamed Chukri (Berber: Muḥemmed Cikri, Arabic: محمد شكري), born on July 15, 1935 and died on November 15, 2003, was a Moroccan author and novelist who is best known for his internationally acclaimed autobiography For Bread Alone (al-Khubz al-Hafi), which was described by the American playwright Tennessee Williams as "A true document of human desperation, shattering in its impact".
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Mohammed al-Baydhaq
Mohammed abu Bakr ibn Ali al Sanhaji al-Baydhaq (died after 1164) was a companion of Ibn Tumart and chronicler of the Almohads.
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Moors
The term "Moors" refers primarily to the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, and Malta during the Middle Ages.
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Moroccan Arabic
Moroccan Arabic or Moroccan Darija (الدارجة, in Morocco) is a member of the Maghrebi Arabic language continuum spoken in Morocco.
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Moroccan Goumier
The Moroccan Goumiers (Les Goumiers Marocains) were indigenous soldiers who served in auxiliary units attached to the French Army of Africa, between 1908 and 1956.
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Moroccans
Moroccans (Berber: ⵉⵎⵖⵕⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ, Imɣṛabiyen) are people inhabiting or originating from Morocco that share a common Moroccan culture and Maghrebi ancestry.
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Mozarabic language
Mozarabic, more accurately Andalusi Romance, was a continuum of closely related Romance dialects spoken in the Muslim-controlled areas of the Iberian Peninsula, known as Al-Andalus.
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Muladi
The Muladi (mulaˈði, pl. muladíes; mulɐˈði, pl. muladis; muɫəˈðitə or muladí, pl. muladites or muladís; مولد trans. muwallad, pl. مولدون muwalladūn or مولدين muwalladīn) were Muslims of local descent or of mixed Arab, Berber, and Iberian origin, who lived in Al-Andalus during the Middle Ages.
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Muslim
A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.
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Muwashshah
Muwashshah (موشح literally means "girdled" in Classical Arabic; plural موشحات or تواشيح) is the name for both an Arabic poetic form and a secular musical genre.
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Nabidh
Nabīdh (Arabic: نبيذ) is a drink traditionally made from fruits such as raisins/grapes or dates steeped in water.
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Nabyla Maan
Nabyla Maan (Arabic: نبيلة معن) is a Moroccan singer-songwriter, born on December 6, 1987 in Fes, Morocco.
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Nacer Khemir
Nacer Khemir (ناصر خمير), born in 1948 in Korba, Tunisia, is a Tunisian writer, artist, storyteller, and filmmaker.
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Namara inscription
The Namara inscription (نقش النمارة) is usually interpreted as an early example of the Arabic language, but is sometimes interpreted as a late version of the Nabataean language in its transition to Arabic.
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Name of Syria
The name Syria is latinized from the (Greek Συρία Suría).
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Nasal vowel
A nasal vowel is a vowel that is produced with a lowering of the velum so that air escapes both through the nose as well as the mouth, such as the French vowel.
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Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir
Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir (الكاردينال مار نصر الله بطرس صفير; Victor Petrus Sfeir; born 15 May 1920 in Rayfoun, Lebanon) is the patriarch emeritus of Lebanon's largest Christian body, the Maronite Church, an Eastern Catholic Church in communion with the Holy See.
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Nazim Al-Haqqani
Mehmet Nazım Adil (April 21, 1922 CE – May 7, 2014; Sha'ban 23, 1340 AH – Rajab 8, 1435 AH), commonly known as Sheikh Nazim (Turkish: Şeyh Nazım), was a Turkish Cypriot Sufi Muslim sheikh and spiritual leader of the Naqshbandi tariqa.
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Niloofar Haeri
Niloofar Haeri (Persian: نیلوفر حائری) is a professor in the Department of Anthropology at Johns Hopkins University.
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Nominalized adjective
A nominalized adjective is an adjective that has undergone nominalization, and is thus used as a noun.
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Norman-Arab-Byzantine culture
The term Norman-Arab-Byzantine culture, Norman-Sicilian culture or, less inclusive, Norman-Arab culture, (sometimes referred to as the "Arab-Norman civilization") refers to the interaction of the Norman, Latin, Arab and Byzantine Greek cultures following the Norman conquest of Sicily and of Norman Africa from 1061 to around 1250.
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Nun (letter)
Nun is the fourteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Nūn, Hebrew Nun, Aramaic Nun, Syriac Nūn ܢܢ, and Arabic Nūn (in abjadi order).
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Object–verb–subject
In linguistic typology, object–verb–subject (OVS) or object–verb–agent (OVA) is a rare permutation of word order.
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Occlusive
In phonetics, an occlusive, sometimes known as a stop, is a consonant sound produced by blocking (occluding) airflow in the vocal tract, but not necessarily in the nasal tract.
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Old Arabic
Old Arabic is the earliest attested stage of the Arabic language, beginning with the first attestation of personal names in the 9th century BC, and culminating in the codification of Classical Arabic beginning in the 7th century AD.
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Old Hijazi
Old Hijazi, or Old Higazi, is a variety of Old Arabic attested in Hijaz from about the 1st century to the 7th century.
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Once upon a time
"Once upon a time" is a stock phrase used to introduce a narrative of past events, typically in fairy tales and folk tales.
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Orientalism in early modern France
Orientalism in early modern France refers to the interaction of pre-modern France with the Orient, and especially the cultural, scientific, artistic and intellectual impact of these interactions, ranging from the academic field of Oriental studies to Orientalism in fashions in the decorative arts.
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Palestinian Arabic
Palestinian Arabic is the subgroup of Levantine Arabic, spoken by most Palestinians in Palestine, by many Arab citizens of Israel and in the Palestinian diaspora populations.
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Palestinian Christians
Palestinian Christians (مسيحيون فلسطينيون) are Christian citizens of the State of Palestine.
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Participle
A participle is a form of a verb that is used in a sentence to modify a noun, noun phrase, verb, or verb phrase, and plays a role similar to an adjective or adverb.
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Peninsular Arabic
Peninsular Arabic, or Southern Arabic, is the varieties of Arabic spoken throughout the Arabian Peninsula.
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Peter of Toledo
Peter of Toledo was a significant translator into Latin of the twelfth century.
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Pharyngealization
Pharyngealization is a secondary articulation of consonants or vowels by which the pharynx or epiglottis is constricted during the articulation of the sound.
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Phoenicianism
Phoenicianism is a form of Lebanese nationalism, first adopted by Lebanese Christians, primarily Maronites, at the time of the creation of Greater Lebanon.
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Polypersonal agreement
In linguistics, polypersonal agreement or polypersonalism is the agreement of a verb with more than one of its arguments (usually up to four).
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Pre-classical Arabic
Pre-Classical Arabic is the cover term for all varieties of Arabic spoken in the Arabian Peninsula until immediately after the Arab conquests in the 7th century C.E. Scholars disagree about the status of these varieties.
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Proto-Arabic
Proto-Arabic is the name given to the hypothetical reconstructed ancestor of all the varieties of Arabic attested since the 9th century BC.
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Proto-Semitic language
Proto-Semitic is a hypothetical reconstructed language ancestral to the historical Semitic languages.
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Psychology in medieval Islam
Islamic psychology or ʿilm al-nafs (Arabic: علم النفس), the science of the nafs ("self" or "psyche"), is the medical and philosophical study of the psyche from an Islamic perspective and addresses topics in psychology, neuroscience, philosophy of mind, and psychiatry as well as psychosomatic medicine.
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Qudud Halabiya
Qudud Halabiya (قدود حلبية) literally means musical measures of Aleppo, is a form of Syrian Arab classical music found in both Arabic poetic form and secular musical genre.
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Qunut
"Qunut" is a supplication type of prayer made while standing in Islam.
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Quran
The Quran (القرآن, literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran) is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah).
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Quran translations
Translations of the Qur'an are interpretations of the scripture of Islam in languages other than Arabic.
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Quranic Arabic Corpus
The Quranic Arabic Corpus is an annotated linguistic resource consisting of 77,430 words of Quranic Arabic.
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Razihi language
Razihi (Rāziḥī) is a South Semitic language spoken by at least 62,900 people in the vicinity of Mount Razih (Jabal Razih) in the far northwestern corner of Yemen.
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Relative and absolute tense
Relative tense and absolute tense are distinct possible uses of the grammatical category of tense.
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Relative clause
A relative clause is a kind of subordinate clause that contains the element whose interpretation is provided by an antecedent on which the subordinate clause is grammatically dependent; that is, there is an anaphora relation between the relativized element in the relative clause and antecedent on which it depends.
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Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries.
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Revival of the Hebrew language
The revival of the Hebrew language took place in Europe and Israel toward the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, through which the language's usage changed from the sacred language of Judaism to a spoken and written language used for daily life in Israel.
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Rihla
Riḥlah (رحلة, "Journey" or "Travels") is a Classical Arabic term of a quest, with connotations of a voyage undertaken for the sake of divine knowledge of Islam.
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Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire
The rise of the Western notion of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire eventually caused the breakdown of the Ottoman millet concept.
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Rita El Khayat
Ghita El Khayat, (altern. translit. Rita), (born 1944, Rabat, Morocco) is Moroccan psychiatrist, anthro-psychoanalyst, writer, and anthropologist.
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Rutgers University Department of African, Middle Eastern, and South Asian Languages and Literatures
The Rutgers University Department of African, Middle Eastern, South Asian Languages and Literatures (AMESALL) is dedicated to the study of Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia.
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Sa'idi Arabic
Ṣa‘īdi Arabic (صعيدى, locally), also known as Upper Egyptian Arabic, is a variety of Arabic spoken by the Ṣa‘īdi people south of Cairo, Egypt, to the border of Sudan.
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Saadi dynasty
The Saadi dynasty or Saadian dynasty (السعديون as-saʿadiūn; ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ Isɛdiyen) was an arab Moroccan dynasty, which ruled Morocco from 1549 to 1659.
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Sacred language
A sacred language, "holy language" (in religious context) or liturgical language is any language that is cultivated and used primarily in religious service or for other religious reasons by people who speak another, primary language in their daily life.
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Salim Jay
Salim Jay (born 30 June 1951) is a Moroccan novelist, essayist and literary critic living in France.
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San'ani Arabic
San'ani Arabic is an Arabic dialect spoken in Yemen.
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Sati' al-Husri
Sāṭi` al-Ḥuṣrī (ساطع الحصري; Mustafa Satı Bey, August 1880 – 1968) was an Ottoman and Syrian writer, educationalist and an influential Arab nationalist thinker in the 20th century.
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Segolate
Segolates are words in the Hebrew language whose end is of the form CVCVC, where the penultimate vowel receives syllable stress.
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Semitic languages
The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family originating in the Middle East.
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Sidon
Sidon (صيدا, صيدون,; French: Saida; Phoenician: 𐤑𐤃𐤍, Ṣīdūn; Biblical Hebrew:, Ṣīḏōn; Σιδών), translated to 'fishery' or 'fishing-town', is the third-largest city in Lebanon.
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Sonia Toumia
Sonia Toumia (born June 2, 1976) is a Tunisian politician who was a member of the constituent assembly from 23 October 2011 until it was dissolved on 26 October 2014.
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Souad Massi
Souad Massi (سعاد ماسي), born August 23, 1972, is an Algerian Berber singer, songwriter and guitarist.
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South Asians in Hong Kong
Hong Kong has a long-established South Asian population.
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Souwar – Pictures
Souwar (Pictures) is the nineteenth album by Kathem Al Saher, released on 30 September 2008.
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Spain
Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.
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Span (unit)
A span is the distance measured by a human hand, from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the little finger.
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Stop consonant
In phonetics, a stop, also known as a plosive or oral occlusive, is a consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases.
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Stratum (linguistics)
In linguistics, a stratum (Latin for "layer") or strate is a language that influences, or is influenced by another through contact.
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Stress (linguistics)
In linguistics, and particularly phonology, stress or accent is relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word, or to a certain word in a phrase or sentence.
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Sultanate of Tuggurt
The sultanate of Tuggurt is a state that existed in Tuggurt, the oases of its region and the valley of the wadi Ghir between 1414 and 1881.
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Sun and moon letters
In Arabic and Maltese, the consonants are divided into two groups, called the sun letters or solar letters (حروف شمسية) and moon letters or lunar letters (حروف قمرية), based on whether they assimilate the letter (ﻝ) of a preceding definite article al- (الـ).
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Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.
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Syed Sadaqat Ali
Qari Syed Sadaqat Ali (Urdu: قارى سید صداقت علی), is one of the most renowned Qurra' (Qur'an reciters) of South Asia.
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Syllable
A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds.
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Synthetic language
In linguistic typology, a synthetic language is a language with a high morpheme-per-word ratio, as opposed to a low morpheme-per-word ratio in what is described as an analytic language.
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Syria
Syria (سوريا), officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Syria (region)
The historic region of Syria (ash-Shām, Hieroglyphic Luwian: Sura/i; Συρία; in modern literature called Greater Syria, Syria-Palestine, or the Levant) is an area located east of the Mediterranean sea.
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Tafsir
Tafsir (lit) is the Arabic word for exegesis, usually of the Qur'an.
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Taha Hussein
Taha Hussein (November 15, 1889 – October 28, 1973) was one of the most influential 20th-century Egyptian writers and intellectuals, and a figurehead for The Egyptian Renaissance and the modernist movement in the Middle East and North Africa.
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Tajwid
Tajweed (تجويد,, meaning "elocution"), sometimes rendered as tajwid, refers to the rules governing pronunciation during recitation of the Quran.
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Tammam Hassan
Tammam Hassan was an academic in the field of Arabic linguistics.
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The Night of Counting the Years
The Night of Counting the Years, also released in Arabic as The Mummy (Arabic: Al-Mummia المومياء) is a 1969 Egyptian film directed by Shadi Abdel Salam.
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The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran
The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran: A Contribution to the Decoding of the Language of the Koran is an English-language edition (2007) of Die syro-aramäische Lesart des Koran: Ein Beitrag zur Entschlüsselung der Koransprache (2000) by Christoph Luxenberg.
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Toledo School of Translators
The Toledo School of Translators (Escuela de Traductores de Toledo) is the group of scholars who worked together in the city of Toledo during the 12th and 13th centuries, to translate many of the philosophical and scientific works from Classical Arabic.
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Tomorrow's Pioneers
Tomorrow's Pioneers (رواد الغد Ruwād al-Ghad; also The Pioneers of Tomorrow) is a children's program, broadcast on 2007–09 on the Palestinian Hamas-affiliated television station, Al-Aqsa TV (مرئية الأقصى قناة الأقصى).
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Translation
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text.
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Treebank
In linguistics, a treebank is a parsed text corpus that annotates syntactic or semantic sentence structure.
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Tulunids
The Tulunids, were a dynasty of Turkic origin and were the first independent dynasty to rule Islamic Egypt, as well as much of Syria.
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Tunisian Arabic
Tunisian Arabic, or Tunisian, is a set of dialects of Maghrebi Arabic spoken in Tunisia.
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Tunisian Arabic morphology
The grammar, the conjugaison and the '''morphology''' of Tunisian Arabic is very similar to that of other Maghrebi Arabic varieties.
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Ugaritic
Ugaritic is an extinct Northwest Semitic language discovered by French archaeologists in 1929.
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Ullah
Ullah is an Islamic name, which means "of Allah" or "of God".
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Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate (ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلأُمَوِيَّة, trans. Al-Khilāfatu al-ʾUmawiyyah), also spelt, was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad.
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University of Al Quaraouiyine
The University of al-Qarawiyyin, also written Al Quaraouiyine or Al-Karaouine (Université Al Quaraouiyine), is a university located in Fez, Morocco.
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Usama ibn Munqidh
Majd ad-Dīn Usāma ibn Murshid ibn ʿAlī ibn Munqidh al-Kināni al-Kalbi (also Usamah, Ousama, etc.; أسامة بن منقذ) (July 4, 1095 – November 17, 1188) was a medieval Muslim poet, author, faris (knight), and diplomat from the Banu Munqidh dynasty of Shaizar in northern Syria.
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Uyunid Emirate
The Uyunid Emirate, Uyunid Kingdom or Uyunid State (الدولة العيونية), was founded by Abdullah bin Ali Al Uyuni in 1076-1077.
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Valyrian languages
The Valyrian languages are a fictional language family in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin, and in their television adaptation Game of Thrones.
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Varieties of Arabic
There are many varieties of Arabic (dialects or otherwise) in existence.
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Verb–subject–object
In linguistic typology, a verb–subject–object (VSO) language is one in which the most typical sentences arrange their elements in that order, as in Ate Sam oranges (Sam ate oranges).
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Voiced dental and alveolar lateral fricatives
The voiced alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Voiced velar stop
The voiced velar stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Vowel
A vowel is one of the two principal classes of speech sound, the other being a consonant.
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Warlpiri language
The Warlpiri language is spoken by about 3,000 of the Warlpiri people in Australia's Northern Territory.
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Wesley Muhammad
Dr.
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Wolfhart Heinrichs
Wolfhart P. Heinrichs (3 October 1941 – 23 January 2014) was a German-born scholar of Arabic.
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Yawmyat Rajoul Mahzoom
Yawmyat Rajoul Mahzoom (Diary of a Defeated Man) is the eighteenth album by Kadim Al Sahir, released on March 29, 2007.
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Yemeni Arabic
Yemeni Arabic is a cluster of varieties of Arabic spoken in Yemen, southwestern Saudi Arabia, Somalia, and Djibouti.
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Youakim Moubarac
Youakim Moubarac (July 20, 1924 – May 24, 1995) was a Lebanese French erudite.
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Yusuf al-Maghribi
(Arabic: يوسف المغربي) was a 17th-century lexicographer active in Cairo.
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Zuhdi Jasser
Zuhdi Jasser, also known as M. Zuhdi Jasser, and Mohamed Zuhdi Jasser (born 1967) is an American medical doctor specializing in internal medicine and nuclear cardiology in Phoenix, Arizona.
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Ancient Arabic, Classical Arabic language, Classical Arabic phonology, Koranic Arabic, Mudar language, Mudari Arabic, Mudariya Arabic, Mudariyya Arabic, Qur'anic Arabic, Quranic Arabic, ۜ, ۟, ۠, ۢ, ۣ, ۤ, ۥ, ۦ, ۧ, ۨ, ۪, ۫, ۬, ۭ.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Arabic
