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303 relations: A-weighting, Acoustic reflex, Acoustic resonance, Adelobasileus, Ageing, Alexander von Winiwarter, Amikacin, Analog ear, Anatomy, Andrea Tacchi, Andrew Crawford (neuroscientist), Animal echolocation, Arthur Böttcher, Artificial neural network, Artificial organ, Audience (company), Audio-visual entrainment, Audiology and hearing health professionals in developed and developing countries, Auditory, Auditory brainstem implant, Auditory brainstem response, Auditory cortex, Auditory fatigue, Auditory masking, Auditory neuropathy, Auditory processing disorder, Auditory system, Autoimmune inner ear disease, Balance disorder, Baleen whale, Bartolomeo Eustachi, Basilar membrane, Benno Baginsky, Binaural fusion, Biological neuron model, Bionics, Bird, Blast injury, Boettcher cell, Bone conduction auditory brainstem response, Bone-anchored hearing aid, Bony labyrinth, Brain, Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1, Calyx of Held, Carver Mead, Cav1.3, CDKN1B, Cetacea, Charles Molnar, ..., Claude-Henri Chouard, Claudius cell, Cochlear, Cochlear amplifier, Cochlear aqueduct, Cochlear cupula, Cochlear duct, Cochlear implant, Cochlear nerve, Cochlear nucleus, Cognitive neuroscience of music, Common vampire bat, Computational auditory scene analysis, Conductive hearing loss, Conspecific song preference, Cranial nerves, Critical band, CRYM, David Bodian, Deaf history, Development of the nervous system, DFNA5, Diabetes mellitus and deafness, Direct acoustic cochlear implant, Directed-energy weapon, Dirty drug, Djarthia, Dolphin, Domenico Cotugno, Ear, Eardrum, EAST syndrome, Echolocation jamming, EGIS-12,233, Electrical tuning, Electrocochleography, Electronic pest control, Electrophysiology, Endolymph, Enlarged vestibular aqueduct, Ependyma, Ernst Reissner, Erwin Hochmair, Erythrosuchus, Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles, Foramen singulare, FOXI1, Friedrich Christian Rosenthal, Friedrich Matthias Claudius, Gabriele Falloppio, Geniculate ganglion, Georg von Békésy, George Zweig, Gerd Rasp, Gilbert Breschet, GIPC3, GJB6, Glossary of communication disorders, Golden mole, Graeme Clark (doctor), Greenwood function, Guichard Joseph Duverney, Hair cell, Hearing, Hearing loss, Hearing loss with craniofacial syndromes, Hearing range, Helicotrema, History of deaf education, Holophonics, Hyperacuity (scientific term), Ichiji Tasaki, Impedance analogy, Index of anatomy articles, Inner ear, Insulin-like growth factor, Internal auditory veins, Internal carotid artery, ITU-R 468 noise weighting, Johanson–Blizzard syndrome, Jonathan Ashmore, KCNQ4, Komodo dragon, Kunbarrasaurus, Labyrinthine fistula, Lateral inhibition, Law of specific nerve energies, LCCL domain, LGR5, Light sheet fluorescence microscopy, Lisa Goodrich, List of dog diseases, List of Hungarian Nobel laureates, List of MeSH codes (A09), List of MeSH codes (C09), List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine, List of organs of the human body, List of psychologists on postage stamps, Listener fatigue, Loudness, Lymphocytic pleocytosis, Mammal, Mammal classification, Marcel Lermoyez, Mark Rosenzweig (psychologist), Marlee Matlin, Marmosops, Mary Florentine, Ménière's disease, Mechanical–electrical analogies, Mechanoreceptor, Mechanotransduction, Melanin, Merle (dog coat), Miacidae, Microwave auditory effect, Microwave burn, Middle ear, Mir-96 microRNA, Missing fundamental, Modiolus (cochlea), Mondini dysplasia, Morganucodonta, MYO15A, Myosin, Na-K-Cl cotransporter, Neoplastic meningitis, Neuromodulation (medicine), Neuron, Neuronal encoding of sound, Neuroprosthetics, Neurostimulation, Noise-induced hearing loss, Non-coding RNA, Non-invasive intracranial pressure measurement methods, Nonsyndromic deafness, Obtainium, Oceanic dolphin, Odd-eyed cat, Olivocochlear system, Onychonycteris, Optogenetics, Organ of Corti, Osseous spiral lamina, Ossicles, Otic placode, Otoacoustic emission, Otodental syndrome, Otolith, Otosclerosis, Ototoxicity, Otto Deiters, Otto Kalischer, Outline of human anatomy, Palaeochiropteryx, PCDH15, Pendred syndrome, Perception of infrasound, Perilymph, Perilymphatic duct, Peter Dallos, Petrous part of the temporal bone, Philosophy of perception, Pitch (music), Porpoise, Prenatal development, Presbycusis, Prestin, Pristerodon, Promontory of tympanic cavity, Prostaglandin EP4 receptor, Psychoacoustics, Pure tone audiometry, Qasr El Eyni Hospital, Rabbit, Ray C. Dougherty, Reactive oxygen species, Receptive field, Recruitment (medicine), Resting potential, Retinoblastoma protein, Ribbon synapse, Richard F. Lyon, Righting reflex, Rinne test, River dolphin, Robert Fettiplace, Round window, Saccule, Science and technology in Hungary, Seismic communication, Sensorineural hearing loss, Sensory cue, Sensory loss, Sensory maps, Sensory neuron, Sensory substitution, SoundBite Hearing System, Speech science, Spiral ganglion, Spontaneous recovery, Startle response, Statocyst, Stephen Polyak, Stereocilia (inner ear), Stimulus (physiology), Stimulus modality, Stria vascularis of cochlear duct, Subgenual organ, Superior canal dehiscence syndrome, Susac's syndrome, TECTB, Tectorial membrane, Temporal envelope and fine structure, Temporal lobe, Temporal theory (hearing), Therizinosauridae, Thomas Gold, Tiliqua rugosa, Timurlengia, Tinnitus, TMPRSS3, Tobramycin, Tone decay test, Tonotopy, Toothed whale, Topographic map (neuroanatomy), Transduction (physiology), Transneuronal degeneration, Tympanic duct, Tyrannosaurus, Ultrasonic hearing, Ultrasound, Uniporter, Urban Pritchard, Usher syndrome, Uzumaki (film), V-ATPase, Vestibular aqueduct, Vestibular duct, Vestibular evoked myogenic potential, Vestibular membrane, Vestibular system, Vestibule of the ear, Vestibulocochlear dysfunction progressive familial, Vestibulocochlear nerve, Volley theory, Whale, William E. Brownell, 1p36 deletion syndrome, 2016 in mammal paleontology, 2018 in mammal paleontology, 60S ribosomal protein L38. Expand index (253 more) »
A-weighting
A-weighting is the most commonly used of a family of curves defined in the International standard IEC 61672:2003 and various national standards relating to the measurement of sound pressure level.
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Acoustic reflex
The acoustic reflex (also known as the stapedius reflex, middle-ear-muscles (MEM) reflex, attenuation reflex, or auditory reflex) is an involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear in response to high-intensity sound stimuli or when the person starts to vocalize.
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Acoustic resonance
Acoustic resonance is a phenomenon where acoustic systems amplify sound waves whose frequency matches one of its own natural frequencies of vibration (its resonance frequencies).
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Adelobasileus
Adelobasileus cromptoni is a species of an extinct genus of mammal-like synapsid from the Late Triassic (Carnian), about 225 million years ago.
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Ageing
Ageing or aging (see spelling differences) is the process of becoming older.
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Alexander von Winiwarter
Alexander von Winiwarter (April 22, 1848 – October 31, 1917) was an Austrian-Belgian surgeon who was a native of Vienna.
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Amikacin
Amikacin is an antibiotic used for a number of bacterial infections.
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Analog ear
An analog ear or analog cochlea is a model of the ear or of the cochlea (in the inner ear) based on an electrical, electronic or mechanical analog.
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Anatomy
Anatomy (Greek anatomē, “dissection”) is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.
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Andrea Tacchi
Andrea Tacchi (born July 28, 1956) is an Italian luthier, who specializes in classical guitar making.
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Andrew Crawford (neuroscientist)
Andrew Charles Crawford (born 1949) is a British neuroscientist.
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Animal echolocation
Echolocation, also called bio sonar, is the biological sonar used by several kinds of animals.
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Arthur Böttcher
Jakob Ernst Arthur Böttcher (July 13, 1831 – August 10, 1889) was a Baltic German pathologist and anatomist who was a native of Bauska, in what was then the Courland Governorate (present-day Latvia).
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Artificial neural network
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) or connectionist systems are computing systems vaguely inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute animal brains.
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Artificial organ
An artificial organ is an engineered device or tissue that is implanted or integrated into a human — interfacing with living tissue — to replace a natural organ, to duplicate or augment a specific function or functions so the patient may return to a normal life as soon as possible.
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Audience (company)
Audience was an American mobile voice and audio-processing company based in Mountain View, California, and was one of the 34 founding members of The Open Handset Alliance.
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Audio-visual entrainment
Audio-visual entrainment (AVE), a subset of brainwave entrainment, uses flashes of lights and pulses of tones to guide the brain into various states of brainwave activity.
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Audiology and hearing health professionals in developed and developing countries
An audiologist, according to the American Academy of Audiology, "is a person who, by virtue of academic degree, clinical training, and license to practice and/or professional credential, is uniquely qualified to provide a comprehensive array of professional services related to the prevention of hearing loss and the audiologic identification, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of persons with impairment of auditory and vestibular function, and to the prevention of impairments associated with them." According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 250 million people worldwide have a disabling hearing impairment (i.e., moderate or worse hearing loss in the better ear).
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Auditory
Auditory means of or relating to the process of hearing.
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Auditory brainstem implant
An auditory brainstem implant (ABI) is a surgically implanted electronic device that provides a sense of sound to a person who is profoundly deaf, due to retrocochlear hearing impairment (due to illness or injury damaging the cochlea or auditory nerve, and so precluding the use of a cochlear implant).
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Auditory brainstem response
The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is an auditory evoked potential extracted from ongoing electrical activity in the brain and recorded via electrodes placed on the scalp.
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Auditory cortex
The primary auditory cortex is the part of the temporal lobe that processes auditory information in humans and other vertebrates.
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Auditory fatigue
Auditory fatigue is defined as a temporary loss of hearing after exposure to sound.
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Auditory masking
Auditory masking occurs when the perception of one sound is affected by the presence of another sound.
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Auditory neuropathy
Auditory neuropathy (AN) is a variety of hearing loss in which the outer hair cells within the cochlea are present and functional, but sound information is not faithfully transmitted to the auditory nerve and brain properly.
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Auditory processing disorder
Auditory processing disorder (APD), also known as central auditory processing disorder (CAPD), is an umbrella term for a variety of disorders that affect the way the brain processes auditory information.
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Auditory system
The auditory system is the sensory system for the sense of hearing.
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Autoimmune inner ear disease
Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) was first defined by Dr.
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Balance disorder
A balance disorder is a disturbance that causes an individual to feel unsteady, for example when standing or walking.
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Baleen whale
Baleen whales (systematic name Mysticeti), known earlier as whalebone whales, form a parvorder of the infraorder Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises).
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Bartolomeo Eustachi
Bartolomeo Eustachi (1500 or 1514 – 27 August 1574), also known by his Latin name of Eustachius (pronounced), was one of the founders of the science of human anatomy.
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Basilar membrane
The basilar membrane within the cochlea of the inner ear is a stiff structural element that separates two liquid-filled tubes that run along the coil of the cochlea, the scala media and the scala tympani (see figure).
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Benno Baginsky
Benno Baginsky (24 May 1848, Ratibor – 1919) was a German physician specializing in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
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Binaural fusion
Binaural fusion or binaural integration is a cognitive process that involves the "fusion" of different auditory information presented binaurally, or to each ear.
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Biological neuron model
A biological neuron model, also known as a spiking neuron model, is a mathematical description of the properties of certain cells in the nervous system that generate sharp electrical potentials across their cell membrane, roughly one millisecond in duration, as shown in Fig.
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Bionics
Bionics or Biologically inspired engineering is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology.
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Bird
Birds, also known as Aves, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.
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Blast injury
A blast injury is a complex type of physical trauma resulting from direct or indirect exposure to an explosion.
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Boettcher cell
Boettcher cells are a special cell type located in the inner ear.
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Bone conduction auditory brainstem response
Bone-conduction auditory brainstem response or BCABR is a type of auditory evoked response that records neural response from EEG with stimulus transmitted through bone conduction.
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Bone-anchored hearing aid
A bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) or bone-anchored hearing device, is a type of hearing aid based on bone conduction.
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Bony labyrinth
The bony labyrinth (also osseous labyrinth or otic capsule) is the rigid, bony outer wall of the inner ear in the temporal bone.
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Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.
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Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1
Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 also known as large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, subfamily M, alpha member 1 (KCa1.1), or BK for short, is a voltage gated potassium channel encoded by the KCNMA1 gene and characterized by their large conductance of potassium ions (K+) through cell membranes.
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Calyx of Held
The Calyx of Held is a particularly large synapse in the mammalian auditory central nervous system, so named by Hans Held in his 1893 article Die centrale GehörleitungHeld, H. "Die centrale Gehörleitung" Arch.
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Carver Mead
Carver Andress Mead (born 1 May 1934) is an American scientist and engineer.
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Cav1.3
Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit (also known as Cav1.3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACNA1D gene.
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CDKN1B
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27Kip1) is an enzyme inhibitor that in humans is encoded by the CDKN1B gene.
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Cetacea
Cetacea are a widely distributed and diverse clade of aquatic mammals that today consists of the whales, dolphins, and porpoises.
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Charles Molnar
Charles Edwin Molnar (1935–1996) was a co-developer of one of the first minicomputers, the LINC (Laboratory Instrument Computer), while a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1962.
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Claude-Henri Chouard
Claude-Henri Chouard is a French surgeon born on in the 15th arrondissement of Paris, this Otologist has been a full member of the Académie Nationale de Médecine (French National Academy of Medicine) since 1999.
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Claudius cell
Claudius cells are considered as supporting cells within the organ of Corti in the cochlea.
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Cochlear
Cochlear, the adjective form of cochlea, may refer to.
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Cochlear amplifier
The cochlear amplifier is a positive feedback mechanism within the cochlea that provides acute sensitivity in the mammalian auditory system.
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Cochlear aqueduct
Medial to the opening for the carotid canal and close to its posterior border, in front of the jugular fossa, is a triangular depression; at the apex of this is a small opening, the aquaeductus cochleae (or cochlear aqueduct, or aqueduct of cochlea), which lodges a tubular prolongation of the dura mater establishing a communication between the perilymphatic space and the subarachnoid space, and transmits a vein from the cochlea to join the internal jugular.
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Cochlear cupula
The cochlear cupula is a structure in the cochlea.
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Cochlear duct
The Cochlear Duct (or Scala Media) is an endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located in between the tympanic duct and the vestibular duct, separated by the basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane (the vestibular membrane) respectively.
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Cochlear implant
A cochlear implant (CI) is a surgically implanted electronic device that provides a sense of sound to a person with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss in both ears.
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Cochlear nerve
The cochlear nerve (also auditory or acoustic neuron) is one of two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve, a cranial nerve present in amniotes, the other part being the vestibular nerve.
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Cochlear nucleus
The cochlear nuclear (CN) complex comprises two cranial nerve nuclei in the human brainstem, the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) and the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN).
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Cognitive neuroscience of music
The cognitive neuroscience of music is the scientific study of brain-based mechanisms involved in the cognitive processes underlying music.
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Common vampire bat
The common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) is a small, leaf-nosed bat native to the Americas.
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Computational auditory scene analysis
Computational auditory scene analysis (CASA) is the study of auditory scene analysis by computational means.
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Conductive hearing loss
Conductive hearing loss occurs when there is a problem conducting sound waves anywhere along the route through the outer ear, tympanic membrane (eardrum), or middle ear (ossicles).
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Conspecific song preference
Conspecific song preference is the ability songbirds require to distinguish conspecific song from heterospecific song in order for females to choose an appropriate mate, and for juvenile males to choose an appropriate song tutor during vocal learning.
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Cranial nerves
Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), in contrast to spinal nerves (which emerge from segments of the spinal cord).
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Critical band
In audiology and psychoacoustics the concept of critical bands, introduced by Harvey Fletcher in 1933 and refined in 1940, describes the frequency bandwidth of the "auditory filter" created by the cochlea, the sense organ of hearing within the inner ear.
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CRYM
Mu-crystallin homolog also known as NADP-regulated thyroid-hormone-binding protein (THBP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRYM gene.
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David Bodian
David Bodian (15 May 1910 – 18 September 1992) was an American medical scientist at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine who worked in polio research.
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Deaf history
The history of deaf people and their culture make up deaf history.
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Development of the nervous system
Development of the nervous system refers to the processes that generate, shape, and reshape the nervous system of animals, from the earliest stages of embryogenesis to adulthood.
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DFNA5
Non-syndromic hearing impairment protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DFNA5 gene.
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Diabetes mellitus and deafness
Diabetes mellitus and deafness (DAD) or maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) or Mitochondrial Diabetes is a subtype of diabetes which is caused from a point mutation at position 3243 in human mitochondrial DNA, which consists of a circular genome.
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Direct acoustic cochlear implant
A direct acoustic cochlear implant - also DACI - is an acoustic implant which converts sound in mechanical vibrations that stimulate directly the perilymph inside the cochlea.
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Directed-energy weapon
A directed-energy weapon (DEW) is a ranged weapon system that inflicts damage at a target by emission of highly focused energy, including laser, microwaves and particle beams.
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Dirty drug
In pharmacology, a dirty drug is an informal term for drugs that may bind to many different molecular targets or receptors in the body, and so tend to have a wide range of effects and possibly adverse drug reactions.
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Djarthia
Djarthia is an extinct genus of marsupial.
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Dolphin
Dolphins are a widely distributed and diverse group of aquatic mammals.
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Domenico Cotugno
Domenico Felice Antonio Cotugno (January 29, 1736 – October 6, 1822) was an Italian physician.
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Ear
The ear is the organ of hearing and, in mammals, balance.
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Eardrum
In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear.
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EAST syndrome
EAST syndrome is a syndrome consisting of '''e'''pilepsy, '''a'''taxia (a movement disorder), '''s'''ensorineural deafness (deafness because of problems with the hearing nerve) and salt-wasting renal '''t'''ubulopathy (salt loss caused by kidney problems).
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Echolocation jamming
Echolocation (or sonar) systems of animals, like human radar systems, are susceptible to interference known as echolocation jamming or sonar jamming.
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EGIS-12,233
EGIS-12,233 is a drug with applications in scientific research, acting as a potent and selective antagonist for both the 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 serotonin receptor subtypes, with good selectivity over other receptors.
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Electrical tuning
Electrical tuning is a mechanism by which vertebrates such as frogs and reptiles, which lack a long cochlea, discriminate sound.
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Electrocochleography
Electrocochleography (abbreviated ECochG or ECOG) is a technique of recording electrical potentials generated in the inner ear and auditory nerve in response to sound stimulation, using an electrode placed in the ear canal or tympanic membrane.
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Electronic pest control
Electronic pest control is the name given to any of several types of electrically powered devices designed to repel or eliminate pests, usually rodents or insects.
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Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, "amber"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues.
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Endolymph
Endolymph is the fluid contained in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear.
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Enlarged vestibular aqueduct
Large vestibular aqueduct, also known as enlarged vestibular aqueduct, dilated vestibular aqueduct or widened vestibular aqueduct is a structural deformity of the inner ear.
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Ependyma
Ependyma is the thin neuroepithelial lining of the ventricular system of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, made up of ependymal cells.
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Ernst Reissner
Ernst Reissner (September 24, 1824 – September 16, 1878) was a Baltic German anatomist from Riga, Livonia.
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Erwin Hochmair
Erwin Hochmair (born 1940) is an Austrian electrical engineer whose research focuses in the fields of biomedical engineering and cochlear implant design.
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Erythrosuchus
Erythrosuchus (red crocodile) is an extinct genus of archosauriform reptile from the Triassic of South Africa and Namibia.
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Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles
The evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles was an evolutionary event in which bones in the jaw of reptiles were co-opted to form part of the hearing apparatus in mammals.
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Foramen singulare
In the temporal bone, in the portion beneath the falciform crest are three sets of foramina; one group, just below the posterior part of the crest, situated in the area cribrosa media, consists of several small openings for the nerves to the saccule; below and behind this area is the foramen singulare, or opening for the nerve to the posterior semicircular canal.
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FOXI1
Forkhead box I1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXI1 gene.
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Friedrich Christian Rosenthal
Friedrich Christian Rosenthal (June 3, 1780 – December 5, 1829) was a German anatomist who was a native of Greifswald.
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Friedrich Matthias Claudius
Friedrich Matthias Claudius (1 June 1822 – 10 January 1869) was a German anatomist who was a native of Lübeck.
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Gabriele Falloppio
Gabriele Falloppio (1523 – October 9, 1562), often known by his Latin name Fallopius, was one of the most important anatomists and physicians of the sixteenth century.
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Geniculate ganglion
The geniculate ganglion (from Latin genu, for "knee") is an L-shaped collection of fibers and sensory neurons of the facial nerve located in the facial canal of the head.
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Georg von Békésy
Georg von Békésy (Békésy György,; 3 June 1899 – 13 June 1972) was a Hungarian biophysicist born in Budapest, Hungary.
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George Zweig
George Zweig (born May 30, 1937) is a Russian-American physicist.
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Gerd Rasp
No description.
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Gilbert Breschet
Gilbert Breschet (7 July 1784 – 10 May 1845) was a French anatomist born in Clermont-Ferrand.
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GIPC3
PDZ domain-containing protein GIPC3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GIPC3 gene.
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GJB6
Gap junction beta-6 protein (GJB6), also known as connexin 30 (Cx30) — is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GJB6 gene.
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Glossary of communication disorders
This is a glossary of medical terms related to communications disorders such as blindness and deafness.
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Golden mole
Golden moles are small, insectivorous burrowing mammals endemic to Southern Africa, where their Afrikaans names are gouemolle or kruipmolle (singular gouemol or kruipmol).
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Graeme Clark (doctor)
Graeme Milbourne Clark AC (born 16 August 1935 in Camden, New South Wales) is an Australian Professor of Otolaryngology at the University of Melbourne.
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Greenwood function
The Greenwood function correlates the position of the hair cells in the inner ear to the frequencies that stimulate their corresponding auditory neurons.
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Guichard Joseph Duverney
Guichard Joseph Duverney or Joseph-Guichard Du Verney (5 August 1648 – 10 September 1730) was a French anatomist.
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Hair cell
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of both the auditory system and the vestibular system in the ears of all vertebrates.
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Hearing
Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sounds by detecting vibrations, changes in the pressure of the surrounding medium through time, through an organ such as the ear.
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Hearing loss
Hearing loss, also known as hearing impairment, is a partial or total inability to hear.
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Hearing loss with craniofacial syndromes
Hearing loss with craniofacial syndromes is a common occurrence.
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Hearing range
Hearing range describes the range of frequencies that can be heard by humans or other animals, though it can also refer to the range of levels.
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Helicotrema
The helicotrema (from Greek ἕλιξ meaning coil and τρη̂μα meaning hole) is the part of the cochlear labyrinth where the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli meet.
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History of deaf education
The deaf community over time has worked to improve the educational system for those who are deaf and hard of hearing.
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Holophonics
Holophonics is a binaural recording system created by Hugo Zuccarelli that is based on the claim that the human auditory system acts as an interferometer.
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Hyperacuity (scientific term)
The sharpness of our senses is defined by the finest detail we can discriminate.
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Ichiji Tasaki
was a Japanese-born American biophysicist and physician involved in research relating to the electrical impulses in the nervous system.
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Impedance analogy
The impedance analogy is a method of representing a mechanical system by an analogous electrical system.
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Index of anatomy articles
Articles related to anatomy include.
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Inner ear
The inner ear (internal ear, auris interna) is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear.
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Insulin-like growth factor
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are proteins with high sequence similarity to insulin.
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Internal auditory veins
The veins of the vestibule and semicircular canals accompany the arteries, and, receiving those of the cochlea at the base of the modiolus, unite to form the internal auditory veins (or veins of labyrinth) which end in the posterior part of the superior petrosal sinus or in the transverse sinus.
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Internal carotid artery
The internal carotid artery is a major paired artery, one on each side of the head and neck, in human anatomy.
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ITU-R 468 noise weighting
ITU-R 468 (originally defined in CCIR recommendation 468-4; sometimes referred to as CCIR-1k) is a standard relating to noise measurement, widely used when measuring noise in audio systems.
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Johanson–Blizzard syndrome
Johanson–Blizzard syndrome (JBS) is a rare, sometimes fatal autosomal recessive multisystem congenital disorder featuring abnormal development of the pancreas, nose and scalp, with mental retardation, hearing loss and growth failure.
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Jonathan Ashmore
Jonathan Felix Ashmore (born 1948) is a British physicist and Bernard Katz Professor of Biophysics at University College London.
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KCNQ4
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 4 also known as voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv7.4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNQ4 gene.
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Komodo dragon
The Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), also known as the Komodo monitor, is a species of lizard found in the Indonesian islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Motang, and Padar.
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Kunbarrasaurus
Kunbarrasaurus is a genus of small herbivorous ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Australia.
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Labyrinthine fistula
A labyrinthine fistula is an abnormal opening in the bony capsule of the inner ear, resulting in leakage of the perilymph from the cochlea into the middle ear.
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Lateral inhibition
In neurobiology, lateral inhibition is the capacity of an excited neuron to reduce the activity of its neighbors.
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Law of specific nerve energies
The law of specific nerve energies, first proposed by Johannes Peter Müller in 1835, is that the nature of perception is defined by the pathway over which the sensory information is carried.
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LCCL domain
In molecular biology, the LCCL domain is a protein domain which has been named after several well-characterised proteins that were found to contain it, namely Limulus clotting factor C, Coch-5b2 (Cochlin) and Lgl1.
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LGR5
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) also known as G-protein coupled receptor 49 (GPR49) or G-protein coupled receptor 67 (GPR67) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LGR5 gene.
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Light sheet fluorescence microscopy
Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is a fluorescence microscopy technique with an intermediate-to-high optical resolution, but good optical sectioning capabilities and high speed.
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Lisa Goodrich
Lisa V. Goodrich is a Professor in the Department of Neurobiology at the Harvard Medical School.
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List of dog diseases
This list of dog diseases is a selection of diseases and other conditions found in the dog.
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List of Hungarian Nobel laureates
Hungarians have won 13 Nobel Prizes since 1905.
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List of MeSH codes (A09)
The following is a list of the "A" codes for MeSH.
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List of MeSH codes (C09)
The following is a list of the "C" codes for MeSH.
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List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded annually by the Swedish Karolinska Institute to scientists and doctors in the various fields of physiology or medicine.
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List of organs of the human body
This article contains a list of organs of the human body.
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List of psychologists on postage stamps
The following is a list of psychologists and contributors to the field of psychology who have been commemorated on worldwide postage stamps.
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Listener fatigue
Listener fatigue (also known as listening fatigue or ear fatigue) is a phenomenon that occurs after prolonged exposure to an auditory stimulus.
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Loudness
In acoustics, loudness is the subjective perception of sound pressure.
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Lymphocytic pleocytosis
Lymphocytic pleocytosis is an abnormal increase in the amount of lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Mammal
Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.
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Mammal classification
Mammalia is a class of animal within the Phylum Chordata.
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Marcel Lermoyez
Marcel Lermoyez (24 July 1858 – 1 February 1929) was a French otolaryngologist and surgeon who was a native of Cambrai.
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Mark Rosenzweig (psychologist)
Mark Richard Rosenzweig (September 12, 1922 – July 20, 2009) was an American research psychologist whose research on neuroplasticity in animals indicated that the adult brain remains capable of anatomical remodelling and reorganization based on life experiences, overturning the conventional wisdom that the brain reached full maturity in childhood.
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Marlee Matlin
Marlee Beth Matlin (born August 24, 1965) is an American actress, author, and activist.
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Marmosops
Marmosops is a genus of Neotropic opossums of the family Didelphidae.
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Mary Florentine
Mary Florentine is a Matthews Distinguished Professor, specialising in psychoacoustics with interests in models of hearing (normal and impaired), non-native speech comprehension in background noise, cross-cultural attitudes towards noise, and hearing loss prevention.
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Ménière's disease
Ménière's disease (MD) is a disorder of the inner ear that is characterized by episodes of feeling like the world is spinning (vertigo), ringing in the ears (tinnitus), hearing loss, and a fullness in the ear.
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Mechanical–electrical analogies
Mechanical–electrical analogies are the representation of mechanical systems as electrical networks.
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Mechanoreceptor
A mechanoreceptor is a sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion.
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Mechanotransduction
Mechanotransduction (mechano + transduction) is any of various mechanisms by which cells convert mechanical stimulus into electrochemical activity.
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Melanin
Melanin (from μέλας melas, "black, dark") is a broad term for a group of natural pigments found in most organisms.
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Merle (dog coat)
Merle is a pattern in a dog's coat.
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Miacidae
Miacids are extinct primitive carnivoramorphans within the family Miacidae that lived during the Paleocene and Eocene epochs, about 62–33 million years ago.
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Microwave auditory effect
The microwave auditory effect, also known as the microwave hearing effect or the Frey effect, consists of audible clicks induced by pulsed/modulated microwave frequencies.
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Microwave burn
Microwave burns are burn injuries caused by thermal effects of microwave radiation absorbed in a living organism.
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Middle ear
The middle ear is the portion of the ear internal to the eardrum, and external to the oval window of the inner ear.
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Mir-96 microRNA
miR-96 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression.
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Missing fundamental
A harmonic sound is said to have a missing fundamental, suppressed fundamental, or phantom fundamental when its overtones suggest a fundamental frequency but the sound lacks a component at the fundamental frequency itself.
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Modiolus (cochlea)
The modiolus is a conical shaped central axis in the cochlea.
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Mondini dysplasia
Mondini dysplasia, also known as Mondini malformation and Mondini defect, is an abnormality of the inner ear that is associated with sensorineural hearing loss.
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Morganucodonta
Morganucodonta ("Glamorgan teeth") is an extinct order of basal mammaliaformes, the precursors to crown-group mammals (Mammalia).
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MYO15A
Myosin-XV is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYO15A gene.
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Myosin
Myosins are a superfamily of motor proteins best known for their roles in muscle contraction and in a wide range of other motility processes in eukaryotes.
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Na-K-Cl cotransporter
The Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) is a protein that aids in the active transport of sodium, potassium, and chloride into cells.
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Neoplastic meningitis
Neoplastic or malignant meningitis, also called meningitis carcinomatosa and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, is the development of meningitis due to infiltration of the subarachnoid space by cancerous cells.
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Neuromodulation (medicine)
Neuromodulation is "the alteration of nerve activity through targeted delivery of a stimulus, such as electrical stimulation or chemical agents, to specific neurological sites in the body".
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Neuron
A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
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Neuronal encoding of sound
The neuronal encoding of sound is the representation of auditory sensation and perception in the nervous system.
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Neuroprosthetics
Neuroprosthetics (also called neural prosthetics) is a discipline related to neuroscience and biomedical engineering concerned with developing neural prostheses.
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Neurostimulation
Neurostimulation is the purposeful modulation of the nervous system's activity using invasive (e.g. microelectrodes) or non-invasive means (e.g. transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial electric stimulation, tES, such as tDCS or transcranial alternating current stimulation, tACS).
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Noise-induced hearing loss
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is hearing impairment resulting from exposure to loud sound.
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Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is an RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein.
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Non-invasive intracranial pressure measurement methods
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is one of the major causes of secondary brain ischemia that accompanies a variety of pathological conditions, most notably traumatic brain injury (TBI), strokes, and intracranial hemorrhages.
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Nonsyndromic deafness
Nonsyndromic deafness is hearing loss that is not associated with other signs and symptoms.
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Obtainium
Obtainium is an album by Skeleton Key, released in 2002 by Ipecac Recordings.
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Oceanic dolphin
Oceanic dolphins or Delphinidae are a widely distributed family of dolphins that live in the sea.
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Odd-eyed cat
An odd-eyed cat is a cat with one blue eye and one eye either green, yellow, or brown.
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Olivocochlear system
The olivocochlear system is a component of the auditory system involved with the descending control of the cochlea.
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Onychonycteris
Onychonycteris is the most primitive of the two oldest known monospecific genera of bat, having lived in the area that is current day Wyoming during the Eocene period, 52.5 million years ago.
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Optogenetics
Optogenetics is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels.
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Organ of Corti
The organ of Corti, or spiral organ, is the receptor organ for hearing and is located in the mammalian cochlea.
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Osseous spiral lamina
The osseous spiral lamina is a bony shelf or ledge which projects from the modiolus into the interior of the canal, and, like the canal, takes two-and-three-quarter turns around the modiolus.
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Ossicles
The ossicles (also called auditory ossicles) are three bones in either middle ear that are among the smallest bones in the human body.
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Otic placode
In embryology, the otic placode is a thickening of the ectoderm on the outer surface of a developing embryo from which the ear develops.
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Otoacoustic emission
An otoacoustic emission (OAE) is a sound which is generated from within the inner ear.
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Otodental syndrome
Otodental syndrome, also known as otodental dysplasia, is an exceptionally rare disease that is distinguished by a specific phenotype known as globodontia, that in rare cases can be associated with eye coloboma and high frequency hearing loss.
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Otolith
An otolith (ὠτο-, ōto- ear + λῐ́θος, líthos, a stone), also called statoconium or otoconium or statolith, is a calcium carbonate structure in the saccule or utricle of the inner ear, specifically in the vestibular system of vertebrates.
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Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis or otospongiosis is an abnormal growth of bone near the middle ear.
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Ototoxicity
Ototoxicity is the property of being toxic to the ear (oto-), specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system, for example, as a side effect of a drug.
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Otto Deiters
Otto Friedrich Karl Deiters (November 15, 1834 – December 5, 1863) was a German neuroanatomist.
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Otto Kalischer
Otto Kalischer (April 23, 1869 in Berlin – August 14, 1942 in Berlin) was a German anatomist and neurologist.
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Outline of human anatomy
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to human anatomy: Human anatomy – scientific study of the morphology of the adult human.
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Palaeochiropteryx
Palaeochiropteryx is an extinct genus of bat from the Middle Eocene of Europe.
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PCDH15
Protocadherin-15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCDH15 gene.
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Pendred syndrome
Pendred syndrome is a genetic disorder leading to congenital bilateral (both sides) sensorineural hearing loss and goitre with euthyroid or mild hypothyroidism (decreased thyroid gland function).
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Perception of infrasound
Infrasound is sound at frequencies lower than the low frequency end of human hearing threshold at 20 Hz.
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Perilymph
Perilymph is an extracellular fluid located within the inner ear.
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Perilymphatic duct
In the anatomy of the human ear, the perilymphatic duct is where the perilymphatic space (vestibule of the ear) is connected to the subarachnoid space.
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Peter Dallos
Peter Dallos (born 1934) is the John Evans Professor of Neuroscience Emeritus, Professor Emeritus of Audiology, Biomedical Engineering and Otolaryngology at Northwestern University.
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Petrous part of the temporal bone
The petrous part of the temporal bone is pyramid-shaped and is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones.
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Philosophy of perception
The philosophy of perception is concerned with the nature of perceptual experience and the status of perceptual data, in particular how they relate to beliefs about, or knowledge of, the world.
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Pitch (music)
Pitch is a perceptual property of sounds that allows their ordering on a frequency-related scale, or more commonly, pitch is the quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies.
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Porpoise
Porpoises are a group of fully aquatic marine mammals that are sometimes referred to as mereswine, all of which are classified under the family Phocoenidae, parvorder Odontoceti (toothed whales).
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Prenatal development
Prenatal development is the process in which an embryo and later fetus develops during gestation.
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Presbycusis
Presbycusis (also spelled presbyacusis, from Greek presbys "old" + akousis "hearing"), or age-related hearing loss, is the cumulative effect of aging on hearing.
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Prestin
Prestin is a protein that is critical to sensitive hearing in mammals.
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Pristerodon
Pristerodon is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsid.
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Promontory of tympanic cavity
The promontory of the tympanic cavity, also known as the cochlear promontory is a rounded hollow prominence, formed by the projection outward of the first turn of the cochlea.
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Prostaglandin EP4 receptor
Prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) is a prostaglandin receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) encoded by the PTGER4 gene in humans; it is one of four identified EP receptors, the others being EP1, EP2, and EP3, all of which bind with and mediate cellular responses to PGE2 and also, but generally with lesser affinity and responsiveness, certain other prostanoids (see Prostaglandin receptors).
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Psychoacoustics
Psychoacoustics is the scientific study of sound perception and audiology.
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Pure tone audiometry
Pure tone audiometry (PTA) is the key hearing test used to identify hearing threshold levels of an individual, enabling determination of the degree, type and configuration of a hearing loss and thus providing a basis for diagnosis and management.
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Qasr El Eyni Hospital
Kasr Al Ainy Hospital (Arabic: قصر العيني مستشفى) is a research and teaching hospital in Cairo, Egypt.
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Rabbit
Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha (along with the hare and the pika).
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Ray C. Dougherty
Ray C. Dougherty (born 1940) is an American linguist and was a member of the Arts and Science faculty at New York University until 2014 (retired).
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Reactive oxygen species
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive chemical species containing oxygen.
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Receptive field
The receptive field of an individual sensory neuron is the particular region of the sensory space (e.g., the body surface, or the visual field) in which a stimulus will modify the firing of that neuron.
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Recruitment (medicine)
Recruitment, in medicine, is a physical condition of the inner ear that leads to reduced tolerance of loudness.
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Resting potential
The relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells is called the resting membrane potential (or resting voltage), as opposed to the specific dynamic electrochemical phenomena called action potential and graded membrane potential.
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Retinoblastoma protein
The retinoblastoma protein (protein name abbreviated pRb; gene name abbreviated RB or RB1) is a tumor suppressor protein that is dysfunctional in several major cancers.
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Ribbon synapse
The ribbon synapse is a type of neuronal synapse characterized by the presence of an electron-dense structure, the synaptic ribbon, that holds vesicles close to the active zone.
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Richard F. Lyon
Richard Francis Lyon (born 1952) is an American inventor, scientist, and engineer.
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Righting reflex
The righting reflex, also known as the Labyrinthine righting reflex, is a reflex that corrects the orientation of the body when it is taken out of its normal upright position.
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Rinne test
The Rinne test is a hearing test, primarily for evaluating loss of hearing in one ear (unilateral hearing loss).
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River dolphin
River dolphins are a group of fully aquatic mammals that reside exclusively in freshwater or brackish water.
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Robert Fettiplace
Robert Fettiplace FRS is a British neuroscientist, and Steenbock Professor of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
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Round window
The round window is one of the two openings from the middle ear into the inner ear.
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Saccule
The saccule is a bed of sensory cells situated in the inner ear.
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Science and technology in Hungary
Science and technology in Hungary is one of the country's most developed sectors.
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Seismic communication
Seismic or vibrational communication is a process of conveying information through mechanical (seismic) vibrations of the substrate.
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Sensorineural hearing loss
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a type of hearing loss, or deafness, in which the root cause lies in the inner ear or sensory organ (cochlea and associated structures) or the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII).
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Sensory cue
A sensory cue is a statistic or signal that can be extracted from the sensory input by a perceiver, that indicates the state of some property of the world that the perceiver is interested in perceiving.
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Sensory loss
Many types of sense loss occur due to a dysfunctional sensation process, whether it be ineffective receptors, nerve damage, or cerebral impairment.
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Sensory maps
Sensory maps are areas of the brain which respond to sensory stimulation, and are spatially organized according to some feature of the sensory stimulation.
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Sensory neuron
Sensory neurons also known as afferent neurons are neurons that convert a specific type of stimulus, via their receptors, into action potentials or graded potentials.
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Sensory substitution
Sensory substitution is a change of the characteristics of one sensory modality into stimuli of another sensory modality.
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SoundBite Hearing System
SoundBite Hearing System is a non-surgical bone conduction prosthetic device that transmits sound via the teeth.
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Speech science
Speech science refers to the study of production, transmission and perception of speech.
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Spiral ganglion
The spiral (cochlear) ganglion is the group of nerve cells that serve the sense of hearing by sending a representation of sound from the cochlea to the brain.
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Spontaneous recovery
Spontaneous recovery is a phenomenon of learning and memory that was first named and described by Ivan Pavlov in his studies of classical (Pavlovian) conditioning.
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Startle response
In animals, including humans, the startle response is a largely unconscious defensive response to sudden or threatening stimuli, such as sudden noise or sharp movement, and is associated with negative affect.
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Statocyst
The statocyst is a balance sensory receptor present in some aquatic invertebrates, including molluscs, bivalves, cnidarians, ctenophorans, echinoderms, cephalopods, and crustaceans.
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Stephen Polyak
Stephen Polyak (born Stjepan Lucian Poljak; December 13, 1889 – March 9, 1955) was an American neuroanatomist and neurologist considered to be one of the most prominent neuroanatomists of the 20th century.
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Stereocilia (inner ear)
In the inner ear, stereocilia are the mechanosensing organelles of hair cells, which respond to fluid motion in numerous types of animals for various functions, including hearing and balance.
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Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment.
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Stimulus modality
Stimulus modality, also called sensory modality, is one aspect of a stimulus or what we perceive after a stimulus.
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Stria vascularis of cochlear duct
The upper portion of the spiral ligament (which forms the outer wall of the cochlear duct) contains numerous capillary loops and small blood vessels, and is termed the stria vascularis.
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Subgenual organ
The subgenual organ is an organ in insects that is involved in the perception of sound.
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Superior canal dehiscence syndrome
Superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) is a set of hearing and balance symptoms, related to a rare medical condition of the inner ear, known as superior canal dehiscence.
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Susac's syndrome
Susac's syndrome (retinocochleocerebral vasculopathy) is a very rare form of microangiopathy characterized by encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusions and hearing loss.
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TECTB
Beta-tectorin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TECTB gene.
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Tectorial membrane
The tectorial membrane (TM) is one of two acellular membranes in the cochlea of the inner ear, the other being the basilar membrane (BM).
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Temporal envelope and fine structure
Temporal envelope (ENV) and temporal fine structure (TFS) are changes in the amplitude and frequency of sound perceived by humans over time.
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Temporal lobe
The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals.
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Temporal theory (hearing)
The temporal theory of hearing states that human perception of sound depends on temporal patterns with which neurons respond to sound in the cochlea.
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Therizinosauridae
Therizinosauridae ("reaper lizards") is a family of theropod dinosaurs whose fossil remains have been dated to the Mid-to-Late Cretaceous period (100 to 70 mya).
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Thomas Gold
Thomas Gold (May 22, 1920June 22, 2004) was an Austrian-born astrophysicist, a professor of astronomy at Cornell University, a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and a Fellow of the Royal Society (London).
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Tiliqua rugosa
Tiliqua rugosa is a short-tailed, slow moving species of blue-tongued skink found in Australia.
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Timurlengia
Timurlengia is an extinct genus of tyrannosauroid theropod dinosaur found in Uzbekistan, in the Bissekty Formation in the Kyzylkum Desert, hailing from the Turonian age of the early Late Cretaceous.
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Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the hearing of sound when no external sound is present.
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TMPRSS3
Transmembrane protease, serine 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TMPRSS3 gene.
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Tobramycin
Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces tenebrarius and used to treat various types of bacterial infections, particularly Gram-negative infections.
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Tone decay test
The tone decay test (also known as the threshold tone decay test or TTDT) is used in audiology to detect and measure auditory fatigue.
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Tonotopy
In physiology, tonotopy (from Greek tono.
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Toothed whale
The toothed whales (systematic name Odontoceti) are a parvorder of cetaceans that includes dolphins, porpoises, and all other whales possessing teeth, such as the beaked whales and sperm whales.
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Topographic map (neuroanatomy)
A topographic map is the ordered projection of a sensory surface, like the retina or the skin, or an effector system, like the musculature, to one or more structures of the central nervous system.
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Transduction (physiology)
In physiology, sensory transduction is the conversion of a sensory stimulus from one form to another.
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Transneuronal degeneration
Transneuronal degeneration is the death of neurons resulting from the disruption of input from or output to other nearby neurons.
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Tympanic duct
The tympanic duct or scala tympani is one of the perilymph-filled cavities in the inner ear of the human.
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Tyrannosaurus
Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur.
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Ultrasonic hearing
Ultrasonic hearing is a recognised auditory effect which allows humans to perceive sounds of a much higher frequency than would ordinarily be audible using the physical inner ear, usually by stimulation of the base of the cochlea through bone conduction.
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Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing.
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Uniporter
A uniporter is an integral membrane protein that is involved in facilitated diffusion.
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Urban Pritchard
Urban Pritchard (21 March 1845 - 1925) was a British otologist who made important contributions to understanding of the organ of Corti.
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Usher syndrome
Usher syndrome, also known as Hallgren syndrome, Usher-Hallgren syndrome, retinitis pigmentosa-dysacusis syndrome, or dystrophia retinae dysacusis syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in any one of at least 11 genes resulting in a combination of hearing loss and visual impairment.
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Uzumaki (film)
is a 2000 Japanese horror film based on the cult manga of the same name by Junji Ito.
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V-ATPase
Vacuolar-type -ATPase (V-ATPase) is a highly conserved evolutionarily ancient enzyme with remarkably diverse functions in eukaryotic organisms.
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Vestibular aqueduct
At the hinder part of the medial wall of the vestibule is the orifice of the vestibular aqueduct, which extends to the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone.
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Vestibular duct
The vestibular duct or scala vestibuli is a perilymph-filled cavity inside the cochlea of the inner ear that conducts sound vibrations to the cochlear duct.
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Vestibular evoked myogenic potential
The vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP or VsEP) is a neurophysiological assessment technique used to determine the function of the otolithic organs (utricle and saccule) of the inner ear.
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Vestibular membrane
The vestibular membrane, vestibular wall or Reissner's membrane, is a membrane inside the cochlea of the inner ear.
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Vestibular system
The vestibular system, in most mammals, is the sensory system that provides the leading contribution to the sense of balance and spatial orientation for the purpose of coordinating movement with balance. Together with the cochlea, a part of the auditory system, it constitutes the labyrinth of the inner ear in most mammals.
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Vestibule of the ear
The vestibule is the central part of the bony labyrinth in the inner ear, and is situated medial to the eardrum (tympanic cavity), behind the cochlea, and in front of the three semicircular canals.
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Vestibulocochlear dysfunction progressive familial
Vestibulocochlear dysfunction progressive familial, known also as familial progressive vestibulocochlear dysfunction is an autosomal dominant disease that results in sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular areflexia.
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Vestibulocochlear nerve
The vestibulocochlear nerve (auditory vestibular nerve), known as the eighth cranial nerve, transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain.
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Volley theory
Volley theory states that groups of neurons of the auditory system respond to a sound by firing action potentials slightly out of phase with one another so that when combined, a greater frequency of sound can be encoded and sent to the brain to be analyzed.
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Whale
Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals.
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William E. Brownell
William E. Brownell, Ph.D. is a professor in the Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, where he is the head of the Cochlear Biophysics Laboratory and is also the Jake and Nina Kamin Chair.
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1p36 deletion syndrome
1p36 deletion syndrome (also known as monosomy 1p36) is a congenital genetic disorder characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability, delayed growth, hypotonia, seizures, limited speech ability, malformations, hearing and vision impairment, and distinct facial features.
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2016 in mammal paleontology
This article records new taxa of fossil mammals of every kind that have been described during the year 2016, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of mammals that occurred in the year 2016.
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2018 in mammal paleontology
This article records new taxa of fossil mammals of every kind are scheduled to be described during the year 2018, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of mammals that are scheduled to occur in the year 2018.
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60S ribosomal protein L38
60S ribosomal protein L38 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPL38 gene.
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Redirects here:
Cochlear diseases, Cochlear spiral, Fissula ante fenestram, Rosenthal's canal, Spiral canal.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlea
