Communication

751 relations: A-scan ultrasound biometry, Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter, ABCB5, Abderhalden–Kaufmann–Lignac syndrome, Abdul Sattar Edhi, Ablation, Acanthamoeba keratitis, Accommodation reflex, Acetylcarnosine, Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, Adenoviridae, Advanced Eye Hospital and Institute, African ghost crab, AJ Perez, Alcohol (drug), Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1, ALDH1A1, Aldose reductase, Alger brush, Alireza Mashaghi, Alkaptonuria, Alloplant, Allotransplantation, ALOX15, Alpheus fasqueli, Amar Agarwal, Amblyopia, Amiodarone, Amniotic epithelial cell, Amphibian, Amphisbaenia, Aniridia, Anterior chamber of eyeball, Anterior ciliary arteries, Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis, Anterior segment of eyeball, Antoinette Pirie, Anton Shunin, Aperture, Aphelion (software), Aqueous humour, Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, Arachnid, Arc welding, Arthropod, Arthur Groenouw, Arthur Jacob, Arthur von Hippel (physician), Aspergillus tubingensis, ..., Astigmatism, Astigmatism (optical systems), August Leopold von Reuss, August Müller (inventor), Axicon, Balamurali Ambati, Band keratopathy, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Base curve radius, Bates method, Bell's phenomenon, Beluga whale, Benzyl alcohol, Berthold Leibinger Innovationspreis, Betty Andujar, Bietti's crystalline dystrophy, Bigfin reef squid, Bijou (jewellery), Bimatoprost, Bioptics (surgery), Bird vision, Bitot's spots, Blacklight, Blindness in animals, Blinking, Blister agent, Blue nuthatch, Boehm syndrome, Book of the Ten Treatises of the Eye, Bovine malignant catarrhal fever, Bowman's membrane, Box jellyfish, Brian A. Barsky, Bromfenac, Brownsnout spookfish, Bruce M. Zagelbaum, Bullous keratopathy, Buphthalmos, C. Stephen Foster, CA-125, Camouflage, Carl Wedl, Carlo Gnocchi, Cat health, Cataract surgery, Catch light, Cathepsin L2, Centroidal Voronoi tessellation, Cephalopod eye, Chameleon vision, Charles Munnerlyn, Chasity Melvin, Cheesewiring, Chemical eye injury, Childhood blindness, Chilean rose tarantula, Chromostereopsis, Chronic superficial keratitis, Ciliary body, Clumber Spaniel, Cnidaria, Coast Guard Squadron One, Coats' disease, Cochliobolus lunatus, Cogan syndrome, Colchicine, Collagen, Collagen, type XVII, alpha 1, Collier's sign, Common toadfish, Compound eye, Cone cell, Confocal microscopy, Congenital insensitivity to pain, Conjunctiva, Conjunctival concretion, Conjunctivitis, Connective tissue, Contact lens, Copper toxicity, Copper(II) sulfate, Corna (disambiguation), Cornea (disambiguation), Cornea plana 1, Cornea verticillata, Corneal abrasion, Corneal collagen cross-linking, Corneal dystrophies in dogs, Corneal dystrophy, Corneal ectatic disorders, Corneal endothelium, Corneal epithelium, Corneal inlay, Corneal keratocyte, Corneal limbus, Corneal pachymetry, Corneal perforation, Corneal reflex, Corneal tattooing, Corneal topography, Corneal transplantation, Corneal ulcer, Corneal ulcers in animals, Coronary, Corrosive substance, Couching (ophthalmology), Craniosynostosis, Creosote, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, Cross syndrome, Crying, Cryolathe, Cryptophthalmos, Crypts of Henle, Crystallin, Cystinosis, Cytokeratin, D. Jackson Coleman, Dalrymple's sign, Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 7), David Bushmich, David M. 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Campbell, Fibrin scaffold, Fibrous tunic of eyeball, Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy, Flash blindness, Fleck corneal dystrophy, Fleischer ring, Florida keratopathy, Fluorescein (medical use), Fluorescence, Forbidden Love (2011 TV series), Fourier profilometry, Frank–ter Haar syndrome, Free-electron laser, Fremen, Friedrich August von Ammon, Friedrich Ernst Krukenberg, Friedrich Philipp Ritterich, Friedrich Schlemm, Fryns syndrome, Fungal contamination of contact lenses, Fungal keratitis, Fusarium, Gabe Newell, Gary Gilmore, Gary Gilmore's Eyes, Gas metal arc welding, Gecko, Gefitinib, Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy, Genome-wide complex trait analysis, Geoffrey Boycott, Gerónimo Lluberas, Germ layer, Germicidal lamp, Gertrud Hurler, Ghost crab, Giuseppe Vincenzo Ciaccio, Glaucoma, Glitter bombing, Globe (human eye), Globe rupture, Glycation, Golden ghost crab, Gomez and López-Hernández syndrome, Gonioscopy, Gradenigo's syndrome, Graft (surgery), Great horned owl, Guinotia dentata, Gundersen flap, Gustav Schwalbe, Ha Ji-won, Hamid Reza Namazi, Harminder Dua, Harp seal, Hassall–Henle bodies, Hassan Ghazizadeh Hashemi, Hazards of outdoor recreation, Heiko Pult, Heinrich Küchler, Herophilos, Herpes simplex, Herpes simplex keratitis, Himalayan Cataract Project, Hirschberg test, Histogenesis, Hjalmar August Schiøtz, Holochroal eye, Human eye, Hurler syndrome, Hurler–Scheie syndrome, Hutchinson's facies, Hutchinson's sign, Hyaluronic acid, Hydrogen fluoride, Hydrogen peroxide contact solutions, Hydroxychloroquine, Hypercholesterolemia, Hypnotic susceptibility, I-cell disease, ICD-10 Chapter II: Neoplasms, ICD-10 Chapter IV: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, ICD-10 Chapter VII: Diseases of the eye, adnexa, ICD-9-CM Volume 3, Ichthyosis, Idoxuridine, Ielias Ibrahim, Illinois College of Optometry, Imbert-Fick law, Index of anatomy articles, Infant visual development, Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, Infectious canine hepatitis, Integrin alpha 11, Interstitial keratitis, Intraocular lens, Intraocular lens power calculation, Intraocular pressure, Intrastromal corneal ring segment, Ipnops, Iridology, Iris (anatomy), Iris recognition, Irish College of Ophthalmologists, Isotopes of phosphorus, J. Wayne Streilein, Jack Russell Terrier, Jacob Hermann Knapp, Jacqueline Saburido, James B. Aguayo-Martel, Janis Babson, Jeff Ross, Jeff Seidel, Jerry Orbach, Johann Nepomuk Fischer, John Deering (murderer), Jon-Erik Hexum, Joseph Gensoul, Justin Karn, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Kayser–Fleischer ring, KC6, Keratan sulfate, Keratin, Keratitis, Keratocan, Keratoconjunctivitis, Keratoconus, Keratoendotheliitis fugax hereditaria, Keratoglobus, Keratomalacia, Keratometer, Keratomileusis, Keratoprosthesis, Keratoscope, Khodadoust line, KLF4, Kresge Eye Institute, Krukenberg's spindle, Kyrle disease, Lability, Lacritin, Laser, Laser safety, Laser surgery, Laser thermal keratoplasty, LASIK, Lasioglossum leucozonium, Latanoprost, Lateral inhibition, Lattice corneal dystrophy, Layton Rahmatulla Benevolent Trust, Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, Lemur, Lens (anatomy), Lens regeneration, Leopold and Loeb, Limbal nodule, Limbal relaxing incisions, Limbal stem cell, Limbus sign, Lions Eye Bank, Lions Eye Institute, Lipoxin, List of -ectomies, List of adverse effects of chlorpromazine, List of Code:Breaker characters, List of distinct cell types in the adult human body, List of dog diseases, List of eponymous surgical procedures, List of examples of convergent evolution, List of examples of lengths, List of Greek and Latin roots in English/C, List of ICD-9 codes 240–279: endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and immunity disorders, List of ICD-9 codes 360–389: diseases of the sense organs, List of instruments used in ophthalmology, List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system, List of Latin phrases (A), List of Latin words with English derivatives, List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes, List of MeSH codes (A09), List of MeSH codes (C11), List of Monk characters, List of optometric abbreviations, List of organs of the human body, List of refractive indices, List of side effects of estradiol, Logarithmic spiral, Long ciliary nerves, Louis Émile Javal, Louis Joseph Sanson, Louis-Auguste Desmarres, Ludwig Franz Alexander Winther, Luis Monge, Luke Witte, Lumican, Lye, Lymph, Mahipal S. 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S. Sangwan, Vaccinia, Van Herick technique, Vandana Jain, Vandetanib, Vertex distance, Vibrio anguillarum, Vision in fishes, Visual acuity, Visual perception, Visual prosthesis, Visual system, Vitreous body, Welder, Welding, Welding goggles, Welding helmet, Welsh Springer Spaniel, Wheat germ agglutinin, Wilson's disease, Winchester syndrome, World Association of Eye Hospitals, Wratten number, Xanthine oxidase, Yao Beina, Yves Pouliquen, Zeeshan Anis Siddiqui, Zernike polynomials, 1967–68 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team, 1977 in music, 2005 Iditarod, 2013 in science, 2018 in science, 2018 in the United Kingdom. Expand index (701 more) » « Shrink index

A-scan ultrasound biometry

A-scan ultrasound biometry, commonly referred to as an A-scan (short for Amplitude scan), is routine type of diagnostic test used in optometry or ophthalmology.

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Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter

Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter is a medical sign characterized by spasm of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle with retraction of the upper lid (so that sclera is visible above cornea) seen in Graves-Basedow disease which, together with exophthalmos causes the bulging eyes appearance.

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ABCB5

ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 5 also known as P-glycoprotein ABCB5 is a plasma membrane-spanning protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCB5 gene.

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Abderhalden–Kaufmann–Lignac syndrome

Abderhalden–Kaufmann–Lignac syndrome (AKL syndrome), also called nephropathic cystinosis, is an autosomal recessive renal disorder of childhood comprising cystinosis and renal rickets.

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Abdul Sattar Edhi

Abdul Sattar Edhi (عبدالستار ایدھی; 28 February 1928 – 8 July 2016) was a Pakistani philanthropist, ascetic, and humanitarian who founded the Edhi Foundation, which runs the world's largest volunteer ambulance network, along with homeless shelters, animal shelter, rehab centres, and orphanages across Pakistan.

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Ablation

Ablation is removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization, chipping, or other erosive processes.

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Acanthamoeba keratitis

Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare disease in which amoebae invade the cornea of the eye.

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Accommodation reflex

The accommodation reflex (or accommodation-convergence reflex) is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at a distant object (and vice versa), comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape and pupil size (accommodation).

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Acetylcarnosine

N-Acetylcarnosine (NAC) is a naturally occurring compound chemically related to the dipeptide carnosine.

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Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) (also spelled acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis) is a derivative of the highly contagious conjunctivitis virus, otherwise known as pink eye.

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Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis

Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, also known as Keratoconjunctivitis epidemica is a common and highly contagious viral infection of the eye.

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Adenoviridae

Adenoviruses (members of the family Adenoviridae) are medium-sized (90–100 nm), nonenveloped (without an outer lipid bilayer) viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double stranded DNA genome.

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Advanced Eye Hospital and Institute

Advanced Eye Hospital and Institute (AEHI) is a specialist eye hospital in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra..

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African ghost crab

Ocypode africana, commonly known as the African ghost crab, is a species of ghost crabs native to the eastern Atlantic coast of western Africa, from Mauretania to Namibia.

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AJ Perez

Antonello Joseph "AJ" Sarte Perez (February 17, 1993 – April 17, 2011) was a Filipino actor.

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Alcohol (drug)

Alcohol, also known by its chemical name ethanol, is a psychoactive substance or drug that is the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits (hard liquor).

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Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1

Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH3A1 gene.

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ALDH1A1

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1, also known as ALDH1A1 or retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (RALDH1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH1A1 gene.

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Aldose reductase

In enzymology, aldose reductase (or aldehyde reductase) is a cytosolic NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of a variety of aldehydes and carbonyls, including monosaccharides.

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Alger brush

An Alger brush is an ophthalmological tool used to remove small foreign bodies from a patient's eye.

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Alireza Mashaghi

Alireza Mashaghi is a biophysicist and medical scientist at Leiden University and Harvard Medical School.

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Alkaptonuria

Alkaptonuria is a rare inherited genetic disorder in which the body cannot process the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine, which occur in protein.

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Alloplant

Alloplant is an experimental, chemically processed biomaterial used for transplantation.

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Allotransplantation

Allotransplant (allo- meaning "other" in Greek) is the transplantation of cells, tissues, or organs, to a recipient from a genetically non-identical donor of the same species.

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ALOX15

ALOX15 (also termed arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, 15-lipoxygenase-1, 15-LO-1, 15-LOX-1) is, like other lipoxygenases, a seminal enzyme in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids to a wide range of physiologically and pathologically important products.

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Alpheus fasqueli

Alpheus fasqueli is a crustacean belonging to the family of snapping shrimp.

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Amar Agarwal

Dr Amar Agarwal M.S., FRCS, F.R.C.Ophth is an Indian ophthalmologist and Chairman and Managing Director of Dr. Agarwal's Eye Hospital and Eye Research Centre in India, which includes 67 eye hospitals.

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Amblyopia

Amblyopia, also called lazy eye, is a disorder of sight due to the eye and brain not working well together.

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Amiodarone

Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic medication used to treat and prevent a number of types of irregular heartbeats.

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Amniotic epithelial cell

An amniotic epithelial cell is a form of stem cell extracted from the lining of the inner membrane of the placenta.

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Amphibian

Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.

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Amphisbaenia

Amphisbaenia (called amphisbaenians or worm lizards) is a group of usually legless squamates, comprising over 180 extant species.

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Aniridia

Aniridia is the absence of the iris, usually involving both eyes.

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Anterior chamber of eyeball

The anterior chamber (AC) is the fluid-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface, the endothelium.

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Anterior ciliary arteries

The anterior ciliary arteries are seven small arteries in each eye-socket that supply the conjunctiva, sclera and the rectus muscles.

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Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis

Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis, or simply anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD), is a failure of the normal development of the tissues of the anterior segment of the eye.

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Anterior segment of eyeball

The anterior segment or anterior cavity is the front third of the eye that includes the structures in front of the vitreous humour: the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and lens.

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Antoinette Pirie

Antoinette (Tony) Pirie (4 October 1905 – 11 October 1991) was a British biochemist, ophthalmologist, and educator.

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Anton Shunin

Anton Vladimirovich Shunin (Антон Владимирович Шунин; born 27 January 1987) is an association football goalkeeper who currently plays for Dynamo Moscow.

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Aperture

In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels.

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Aphelion (software)

The Aphelion Imaging Software Suite is a software suite that includes three base products (i.e., Aphelion Lab, Aphelion Dev, and Aphelion) for addressing image processing and image analysis applications.

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Aqueous humour

The aqueous humour is a transparent, watery fluid similar to plasma, but containing low protein concentrations.

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Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase

Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, also known as ALOX5, 5-lipoxygenase, 5-LOX, or 5-LO, is a non-heme iron-containing enzyme (EC 1.13.11.34) that in humans is encoded by the ALOX5 gene.

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Arachnid

Arachnids are a class (Arachnida) of joint-legged invertebrate animals (arthropods), in the subphylum Chelicerata.

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Arc welding

Arc welding is a process that is used to join metal to metal by using electricity to create enough heat to melt metal, and the melted metals when cool result in a binding of the metals.

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Arthropod

An arthropod (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, "joint" and πούς pous, "foot") is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.

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Arthur Groenouw

Arthur Groenouw (27 March 1862 – 1945) was a German ophthalmologist born in Bosatz, a village near Ratibor.

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Arthur Jacob

Arthur Jacob (1790–1874) was an Irish ophthalmologist.

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Arthur von Hippel (physician)

Arthur von Hippel (24 October 1841 – 26 October 1916) was a German ophthalmologist who was a native of Fischhausen, East Prussia.

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Aspergillus tubingensis

Aspergillus tubingensis is a darkly pigmented member of the genus Aspergillus section Nigri.

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Astigmatism

Astigmatism is a type of refractive error in which the eye does not focus light evenly on the retina.

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Astigmatism (optical systems)

An optical system with astigmatism is one where rays that propagate in two perpendicular planes have different foci.

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August Leopold von Reuss

August Leopold von Reuss (November 5, 1841 – September 4, 1924) was an Austrian ophthalmologist.

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August Müller (inventor)

August Müller (1864 – 1949), born in Mönchengladbach, was a medical student at the University of Kiel, Germany, and a pioneer in the manufacture of contact lenses.

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Axicon

An axicon is a specialized type of lens which has a conical surface.

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Balamurali Ambati

Balamurali Krishna "Bala" Ambati (born July 29, 1977) is an American ophthalmologist, educator, and researcher.

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Band keratopathy

Band keratopathy is a corneal disease derived from the appearance of calcium on the central cornea.

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Bascom Palmer Eye Institute

Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, of the University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, is a center for ophthalmic care, research, and education.

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Base curve radius

Base curve radius, or simply base curve, abbreviated BCR or BC, is the measure of an important parameter of a lens in optometry.

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Bates method

The Bates method is an alternative therapy aimed at improving eyesight.

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Bell's phenomenon

Bell's phenomenon (also known as the palpebral oculogyric reflex) is a medical sign that allows observers to notice an upward and outward movement of the eye, when an attempt is made to close the eyes.

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Beluga whale

The beluga whale or white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) is an Arctic and sub-Arctic cetacean.

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Benzyl alcohol

Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH.

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Berthold Leibinger Innovationspreis

The Berthold Leibinger Innovationspreis is an award for given to those who have created applied laser technology and innovations on the application or generation of laser light.

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Betty Andujar

Elizabeth Richards Andujar, known as Betty Andujar (November 6, 1912 – June 8, 1997), was a homemaker, civic activist, and politician, the first Republican woman to be elected and serve in the Texas State Senate.

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Bietti's crystalline dystrophy

Bietti's crystalline dystrophy (BCD), also called Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy, is a rare autosomal recessive eye disease named after Dr.

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Bigfin reef squid

Sepioteuthis lessoniana, commonly known as the bigfin reef squid or oval squid, is a commercially important species of loliginid squid.

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Bijou (jewellery)

A bijou (plural: bijoux) is an intricate jewellery piece incorporated into clothing, or worn by itself on the body.

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Bimatoprost

Bimatoprost (marketed in the US, Canada and Europe by Allergan, under the trade name Lumigan) is a prostaglandin analog used topically (as eye drops) to control the progression of glaucoma and in the management of ocular hypertension.

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Bioptics (surgery)

Bioptics is a combinatorial vision-correction refractive surgical technique performed by ophthalmologists, in which refractive error of the eye is treated on both the lenticular and corneal optical planes.

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Bird vision

Vision is the most important sense for birds, since good eyesight is essential for safe flight, and this group has a number of adaptations which give visual acuity superior to that of other vertebrate groups; a pigeon has been described as "two eyes with wings".

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Bitot's spots

Bitot's spots are the buildup of keratin located superficially in the conjunctiva, which are oval, triangular or irregular in shape.

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Blacklight

A blacklight (or often black light), also referred to as a UV-A light, Wood's lamp, or simply ultraviolet light, is a lamp that emits long-wave (UV-A) ultraviolet light and not much visible light.

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Blindness in animals

Visual perception animals play an important role in the animal kingdom, most importantly for the identification of food sources and avoidance of predators.

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Blinking

Blinking is a bodily function; it is a semi-autonomic rapid closing of the eyelid.

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Blister agent

A blister agent, or vesicant, is a chemical compound that causes severe skin, eye and mucosal pain and irritation.

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Blue nuthatch

The blue nuthatch (Sitta azurea) is a bird species in the Sittidae family, collectively known as nuthatches.

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Boehm syndrome

Boehm Syndrome is a symptom-specific map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy of the cornea.

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Book of the Ten Treatises of the Eye

Hunayn ibn Ishaq's Book of the Ten Treatises of the Eye is a 9th-century theory of vision based upon the cosmological natures of pathways from the brain to the object being perceived.

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Bovine malignant catarrhal fever

Bovine malignant catarrhal fever (BMCF) is a fatal lymphoproliferative disease caused by a group of ruminant gamma herpes viruses including Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) and Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) These viruses cause unapparent infection in their reservoir hosts (sheep with OvHV-2 and wildebeest with AlHV-1), but are usually fatal in cattle and other ungulates such as deer, antelope, and buffalo.

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Bowman's membrane

The Bowman's membrane (Bowman's layer, anterior limiting lamina, anterior elastic lamina) is a smooth, acellular, nonregenerating layer, located between the superficial epithelium and the stroma in the cornea of the eye.

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Box jellyfish

Box jellyfish (class Cubozoa) are cnidarian invertebrates distinguished by their cube-shaped medusae.

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Brian A. Barsky

Brian A. Barsky is a Professor at the University of California, Berkeley, working in computer graphics and geometric modeling as well as in optometry and vision science.

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Bromfenac

Bromfenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) marketed in the US as an ophthalmic solution (current brand names Prolensa and Bromday,Drugs.com: for bromfenac sodium. prior formulation brand name Xibrom, which has since been discontinued) by ISTA Pharmaceuticals for short-term, local use.

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Brownsnout spookfish

The brownsnout spookfish (Dolichopteryx longipes) is a species of barreleye in the family Opisthoproctidae.

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Bruce M. Zagelbaum

Bruce M. Zagelbaum is an American ophthalmologist specializing in cornea and external disease, laser vision correction, eye trauma, and sports ophthalmology.

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Bullous keratopathy

Bullous keratopathy is a pathological condition in which small vesicles, or bullae, are formed in the cornea due to endothelial dysfunction.

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Buphthalmos

Buphthalmos (plural: buphthalmoses) is enlargement of the eyeball and is most commonly seen in infants and young children.

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C. Stephen Foster

C.

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CA-125

CA-125 (cancer antigen 125, carcinoma antigen 125, or carbohydrate antigen 125) also known as mucin 16 or MUC16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MUC16 gene.

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Camouflage

Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see (crypsis), or by disguising them as something else (mimesis).

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Carl Wedl

Carl Wedl (October 14, 1815 – September 21, 1891) was an Austrian pathologist who was a native of Vienna.

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Carlo Gnocchi

Blessed Carlo Gnocchi (25 October 190228 February 1956) was an Italian priest, educator and writer.

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Cat health

The health of domestic cats is a well studied area in veterinary medicine.

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Cataract surgery

Cataract surgery is the removal of the natural lens of the eye (also called "crystalline lens") that has developed an opacification, which is referred to as a cataract.

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Catch light

Catch light or catchlight is a light source that causes a specular highlight in a subject's eye in an image.

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Cathepsin L2

Cathepsin L2, also known as cathepsin V and encoded by the CTSL2 gene, is a human gene.

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Centroidal Voronoi tessellation

In geometry, a centroidal Voronoi tessellation (CVT) is a special type of Voronoi tessellation or Voronoi diagram.

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Cephalopod eye

Cephalopods, as active marine predators, possess sensory organs specialized for use in aquatic conditions.

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Chameleon vision

The chameleon is among the most highly visually-oriented lizards, using this sense in prey capture, mating behavior, and predator avoidance.

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Charles Munnerlyn

Charles Munnerlyn (* 1940 in Shreveport, LA) is an American optical engineer.

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Chasity Melvin

Chasity Melvin (born May 3, 1976) is an American professional basketball player, originally from Roseboro, North Carolina.

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Cheesewiring

In medicine the term cheesewiring or cheesewire effect describes any process in which cells or intercellular matrix are dissected or extruded either by the material being pressed through a taut element, or by the tension of a taut element pulling through tissue.

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Chemical eye injury

Chemical eye injury or chemical burns to the eye are due to either an acidic or alkali substance getting in the eye.

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Childhood blindness

Childhood blindness is an important cause contributing to the burden of blindness.

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Chilean rose tarantula

The Chilean rose tarantula (Grammostola rosea), also known as the rose hair tarantula, the Chilean fire tarantula, or the Chilean red-haired tarantula (depending on the color morph), is probably the most common species of tarantula available in American and European pet stores today, due to the large number of wild-caught specimens exported cheaply from their native Chile into the pet trade.

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Chromostereopsis

Chromostereopsis is a visual illusion whereby the impression of depth is conveyed in two-dimensional color images, usually of red-blue or red-green colors, but can also be perceived with red-grey or blue-grey images.

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Chronic superficial keratitis

Chronic superficial keratitis (CSK), also known as pannus or Uberreiter’s disease, is an inflammatory condition of the cornea in dogs, particularly seen in the German Shepherd.

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Ciliary body

The ciliary body is a part of the eye that includes the ciliary muscle, which controls the shape of the lens, and the ciliary epithelium, which produces the aqueous humor.

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Clumber Spaniel

The Clumber Spaniel is a breed of dog of the spaniel type, developed in the United Kingdom.

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Cnidaria

Cnidaria is a phylum containing over 10,000 species of animals found exclusively in aquatic (freshwater and marine) environments: they are predominantly marine species.

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Coast Guard Squadron One

Coast Guard Squadron One, also known in official message traffic as COGARDRON ONE or RONONE, was a combat unit formed by the United States Coast Guard in 1965 for service during the Vietnam War.

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Coats' disease

Coats' disease, (also known as exudative retinitis or retinal telangiectasis, sometimes spelled Coates' disease), is a rare congenital, nonhereditary eye disorder, causing full or partial blindness, characterized by abnormal development of blood vessels behind the retina.

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Cochliobolus lunatus

Cochliobolus lunatus is a fungal plant pathogen that can cause disease in humans and other animals.

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Cogan syndrome

Cogan syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent inflammation of the front of the eye (the cornea) and often fever, fatigue, and weight loss, episodes of vertigo (dizziness), tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and hearing loss.

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Colchicine

Colchicine is a medication most commonly used to treat gout.

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Collagen

Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in animal bodies.

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Collagen, type XVII, alpha 1

Collagen XVII, previously called BP180, is a transmembrane protein which plays a critical role in maintaining the linkage between the intracellular and the extracellular structural elements involved in epidermal adhesion.

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Collier's sign

Collier's sign (also known as Collier's tucked lid sign or posterior fossa stare) is bilateral or unilateral eyelid retraction.

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Common toadfish

The common toadfish (Tetractenos hamiltoni), also known as the common toado, toadfish or toado, (formerly classified as Tetrodon hamiltoniG.S. Hardy, "Revision of Australian species of Torquigener Whitley (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae), and two new generic names for Australian puffer fishes," Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Volume 13, No. 1/2, 1983, pp. 1–48. or Torquigener hamiltoni) is a species of fish in the family Tetraodontidae of order Tetraodontiformes, found along Australia's eastern coast, from northern Queensland to Flinders Island, and around Lord Howe Island, as well as in New Zealand waters.

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Compound eye

A compound eye is a visual organ found in arthropods such as insects and crustaceans.

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Cone cell

Cone cells, or cones, are one of three types of photoreceptor cells in the retina of mammalian eyes (e.g. the human eye).

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Confocal microscopy

Confocal microscopy, most frequently confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM), is an optical imaging technique for increasing optical resolution and contrast of a micrograph by means of using a spatial pinhole to block out-of-focus light in image formation.

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Congenital insensitivity to pain

Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP), also known as congenital analgesia, is one or more rare conditions in which a person cannot feel (and has never felt) physical pain.

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Conjunctiva

The conjunctiva lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera (the white of the eye).

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Conjunctival concretion

Concretion in the palpebral conjunctiva, is called conjunctival concretion, that is a (or a cluster) small, hard, yellowish-white calcified matter, superficially buried beneath the palpebral conjunctiva.

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Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid.

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Connective tissue

Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

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Contact lens

A contact lens, or simply contact, is a thin lens placed directly on the surface of the eye.

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Copper toxicity

Copper toxicity, also called copperiedus, is a type of metal poisoning caused by an excess of copper in the body.

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Copper(II) sulfate

Copper(II) sulfate, also known as cupric sulfate, or copper sulphate, is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuSO4(H2O)x, where x can range from 0 to 5.

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Corna (disambiguation)

Corna usually refers to the sign of the horns, a hand gesture.

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Cornea (disambiguation)

The cornea is a part of the eye.

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Cornea plana 1

Cornea plana 1 (CNA1) is an extremely rare congenital hereditary deformity of the eye surface, leading to severe decrease in corneal curvature.

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Cornea verticillata

Cornea verticillata, also called Fleischer vortex, vortex keratopathy or whorl keratopathy, is a condition characterised by corneal deposits at the level of the basal epithelium forming a faint golden-brown whorl pattern.

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Corneal abrasion

Corneal abrasion is a scratch to the surface of the cornea of the eye.

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Corneal collagen cross-linking

Corneal collagen cross-linking with riboflavin (vitamin B2) and UV-A light is a surgical treatment for corneal ectasia such as keratoconus, PMD, and post-LASIK ectasia.

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Corneal dystrophies in dogs

Corneal dystrophies are a group of diseases that affect the cornea in dogs.

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Corneal dystrophy

Corneal dystrophy is a group of rare hereditary disorders characterised by bilateral abnormal deposition of substances in the transparent front part of the eye called the cornea.

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Corneal ectatic disorders

Corneal ectatic disorders or corneal ectasia are a group of uncommon, noninflammatory, eye disorders characterised by bilateral thinning of the central, paracentral, or peripheral cornea.

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Corneal endothelium

The corneal endothelium is a single layer of cells on the inner surface of the cornea.

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Corneal epithelium

The corneal epithelium (epithelium corneæ anterior layer) is made up of epithelial tissue and covers the front of the cornea.

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Corneal inlay

A corneal inlay (also called an intracorneal implant) is a device which is surgically implanted in the cornea of the eye as a treatment for presbyopia.

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Corneal keratocyte

Corneal keratocytes (corneal fibroblasts) are specialized fibroblasts residing in the stroma.

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Corneal limbus

The corneal limbus is the border of the cornea and the sclera (the white of the eye).

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Corneal pachymetry

Corneal pachymetry is the process of measuring the thickness of the cornea.

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Corneal perforation

Corneal perforation is an anomaly in the cornea resulting from damage to the corneal surface.

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Corneal reflex

The corneal reflex, also known as the blink reflex, is an involuntary blinking of the eyelids elicited by stimulation of the cornea (such as by touching or by a foreign body), though could result from any peripheral stimulus.

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Corneal tattooing

Corneal tattooing is the practice of tattooing the cornea of the human eye.

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Corneal topography

Corneal topography, also known as photokeratoscopy or videokeratography, is a non-invasive medical imaging technique for mapping the surface curvature of the cornea, the outer structure of the eye.

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Corneal transplantation

Corneal transplantation, also known as corneal grafting, is a surgical procedure where a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by donated corneal tissue (the graft).

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Corneal ulcer

Corneal ulcer, or ulcerative keratitis, is an inflammatory or more seriously, infective condition of the cornea involving disruption of its epithelial layer with involvement of the corneal stroma.

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Corneal ulcers in animals

A corneal ulcer, or ulcerative keratitis, is an inflammatory condition of the cornea involving loss of its outer layer.

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Coronary

Coronary may, as shorthand in English, be used to mean: to coronate or cremate a body.

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Corrosive substance

A corrosive substance is one that will destroy and damage other substances with which it comes into contact.

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Couching (ophthalmology)

Couching is the earliest documented form of cataract surgery.

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Craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis (from cranio, cranium; + syn, together; + ostosis relating to bone) is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in an infant (very young) skull prematurely fuses by turning into bone (ossification), thereby changing the growth pattern of the skull.

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Creosote

Creosote is a category of carbonaceous chemicals formed by the distillation of various tars and pyrolysis of plant-derived material, such as wood or fossil fuel.

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Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a universally fatal brain disorder.

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Cross syndrome

Cross–McKusick–Breen syndrome (also known as "Cross syndrome", "hypopigmentation and microphthalmia", and "oculocerebral-hypopigmentation syndrome") is an extremely rare disorder characterized by white skin, blond hair with yellow-gray metallic sheen, small eyes with cloudy corneas, jerky nystagmus, gingival fibromatosis and severe intellectual disability and physical retardation.

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Crying

Crying is the shedding of tears (or welling of tears in the eyes) in response to an emotional state, pain or a physical irritation of the eye.

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Cryolathe

A cryolathe is a device used for freezing and grinding human corneal tissue into different refractive powers.

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Cryptophthalmos

Cryptophthalmos is a rare congenital anomaly in which the skin is continuous over the eyeball with absence of eyelids.

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Crypts of Henle

Crypts of Henle are microscopic pockets found in scattered sections of the conjunctiva around the eyeball.

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Crystallin

In anatomy, a crystallin is a water-soluble structural protein found in the lens and the cornea of the eye accounting for the transparency of the structure.

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Cystinosis

Cystinosis is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by the abnormal accumulation of the amino acid cystine.

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Cytokeratin

Cytokeratins are keratin proteins found in the intracytoplasmic cytoskeleton of epithelial tissue.

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D. Jackson Coleman

D.

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Dalrymple's sign

Dalrymple's sign is a widened palpebral (eyelid) opening, or eyelid spasm, seen in thyrotoxicosis (as seen in Graves' disease, exophthalmic Goitre and other hyperthyroid conditions), causing abnormal wideness of the palpebral fissure.

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Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 7)

Season seven of Dancing with the Stars premiered on September 22, 2008 as a part of ABC's fall 2008 line-up.

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David Bushmich

David Gregorievich Bushmich (pronounced Gregor-eh-vitch Bush-mitch) was an accomplished ophthalmologist and a leading Soviet eye doctor of his time.

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David M. Maurice

David M. Maurice (3 April 1922 in London – 20 July 2002 in Manhattan) was a British ophthalmologist, noted for his contributions to the development of the specular microscope used for examination of the cornea.

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De Barsy syndrome

De Barsy syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder.

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DeeDee Jonrowe

DeeDee Ann Jonrowe (née Stout; born December 20, 1953) is an American kennel owner and dog musher who is a three-time runner up in the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, and holds the fastest time ever recorded for a woman.

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Dental pulp stem cells

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are stem cells present in the dental pulp, the soft living tissue within teeth.

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Descemet's membrane

Descemet's membrane (or the Descemet membrane) is the basement membrane that lies between the corneal proper substance, also called stroma, and the endothelial layer of the cornea.

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Desquamation

Desquamation, also called skin peeling, is the shedding of the outermost membrane or layer of a tissue, such as the skin.

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Detroit Medical Center

The Detroit Medical Center (DMC) is a for-profit alliance of hospitals that encompasses over 2,000 licensed beds, 3,000 affiliated physicians and over 12,000 employees.

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Dialommus fuscus

Dialommus fuscus, the Galápagos four-eyed blenny, is a species of labrisomid blenny endemic to the coasts of the Galapagos Islands.

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Diffuse lamellar keratitis

Diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) is a sterile inflammation of the cornea which may occur after refractive surgery, such as LASIK.

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Diffuse reflection

Diffuse reflection is the reflection of light or other waves or particles from a surface such that a ray incident on the surface is scattered at many angles rather than at just one angle as in the case of specular reflection.

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Diktyoma

Diktyoma, or ciliary body medulloepithelioma, or teratoneuroma, is a rare tumor arising from primitive medullary epithelium in the ciliary body of the eye.

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Dioptre

A dioptre (British spelling) or diopter (American spelling) is a unit of measurement of the optical power of a lens or curved mirror, which is equal to the reciprocal of the focal length measured in metres.

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Dipivefrine

Dipivefrine (INN) or dipivefrin (USAN), trade name Propine among others, is a prodrug of epinephrine, and is used to treat open-angle glaucoma.

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Diving mask

A diving mask (also half mask, dive mask or scuba mask) is an item of diving equipment that allows underwater divers, including, scuba divers, free-divers, and snorkelers to see clearly underwater.

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Diving physics

Diving Physics are the aspects of physics which directly affect the underwater diver and which explain the effects that divers and their equipment are subject to underwater which differ from the normal human experience out of water.

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Domestic rabbit

A domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus forma domesticus), more commonly known as a pet rabbit, a bunny, or a bunny rabbit is any of the domesticated varieties of the European rabbit species.

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Dorairajan Balasubramanian

Dorairajan Balasubramanian, popularly known as Professor Balu, is an Indian biophysical chemist and ocular biochemist.

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Doryteuthis opalescens

Doryteuthis opalescens, the opalescent inshore squid is a small squid (mantle length (ML) up to 190 mm) in the family Loliginidae.

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Doug Swingley

Doug Swingley (born May 14, 1953) is an American dog musher and dog sled racer who lives in Lincoln, Montana, and is a four-time winner of the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race across Alaska.

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Down syndrome

Down syndrome (DS or DNS), also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21.

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Dry eye syndrome

Dry eye syndrome (DES), also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is the condition of having dry eyes.

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Dua's layer

Dua's layer, according to a 2013 paper by Harminder Singh Dua's group at the University of Nottingham, is a layer of the cornea that had not been detected previously.

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Eccentricity effect

The eccentricity effect is a visual phenomenon that affects target processing.

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Ectopia lentis

Ectopia lentis is a displacement or malposition of the eye's crystalline lens from its normal location.

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Ectropion

Ectropion is a medical condition in which the lower eyelid turns outwards.

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Eduard Raehlmann

Eduard Raehlmann (19 March 1848, Ibbenbüren – 1 September 1917, Weimar) was a German ophthalmologist.

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Eduard Zirm

Eduard Konrad Zirm (18 March 1863 – 15 March 1944) was an ophthalmologist who performed the first successful human full-thickness corneal transplant on 7 December 1905.

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Edwin Theodor Saemisch

Edwin Theodor Saemisch (30 September 1833, Luckau – 29 September 1909, Bonn) was a German ophthalmologist born in Luckau.

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Effects of long-term contact lens wear on the cornea

Long-term contact lens use can lead to alterations in corneal thickness, stromal thickness, curvature, corneal sensitivity, cell density, and epithelial oxygen uptake, etc.

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Ehlers–Danlos syndromes

Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of genetic connective tissue disorders.

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Electroencephalography

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological monitoring method to record electrical activity of the brain.

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Electrooculography

Electrooculography (EOG) is a technique for measuring the corneo-retinal standing potential that exists between the front and the back of the human eye.

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Electroretinography

Electroretinography measures the electrical responses of various cell types in the retina, including the photoreceptors (rods and cones), inner retinal cells (bipolar and amacrine cells), and the ganglion cells.

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Eloá Pimentel hostage crisis

Eloá Pimentel hostage crisis refers to the kidnapping, hostage situation and murder of Brazilian 15-year-old girl Eloá Cristina Pimentel in October 13, 2008, which was accompanied by the shooting of her friend Nayara Silva, both committed by Eloá's ex-boyfriend Lindemberg Alves.

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Emil Chynn

Emil William Chynn (born October 7, 1965) is a Chinese-American LASEK surgeon, author, researcher, and media personality.

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Emil Krückmann

Emil Paul Ernst Olaf Friedrich Krückmann (14 May 1865 in Neukloster – 23 June 1944 in Berlin) was a German ophthalmologist.

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Emily Orwaru

Emily Orwaru (born 1988) is a Kenyan aeronautical engineer, who works as an aeronautical planning engineer, at Kenya Airways, the country's national airline.

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Emmetropia

Emmetropia is the state of vision where a faraway object at infinity is in sharp focus with the eye lens in a neutral or relaxed state.

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Endotheliitis

Endotheliitis is an immune response within endothelium in blood vessels, in which they become inflamed.

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Entrance pupil

In an optical system, the entrance pupil is the optical image of the physical aperture stop, as 'seen' through the front of the lens system.

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Entropion

Entropion is a medical condition in which the eyelid (usually the lower lid) folds inward.

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Enucleation of the eye

Enucleation is the removal of the eye that leaves the eye muscles and remaining orbital contents intact.

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Epi-LASIK

Epi-LASIK is a refractive surgery technique designed to reduce a person's dependency on eyeglasses and contact lenses.

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Epikeratophakia

Epikeratophakia is the surgical correction of aphakia.

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Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy

Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD), also known as map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy and Cogans's microcystic dystrophy, is a disorder of the eye that can cause pain and dryness.

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Epithelium

Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.

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Equine recurrent uveitis

Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU), also known as moon blindness, recurrent iridocyclitis or periodic ophthalmia, is an acute, nongranulomatous inflammation of the uveal tract of the eye, occurring commonly in horses of all breeds, worldwide.

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Equine vision

The equine eye is the one of the largest of any land mammal.

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Eric Arnott

Eric John Arnott, MA, FRCS, FRCOphth (12 June 1929 – 1 December 2011) was a British ophthalmologist and surgeon who specialized in cataracts, a condition which in many parts of the world still remains the principal cause of blindness.

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Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow

Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow, also Ernst Fleischl von Marxow (5 August 1846, Vienna – 22 October 1891, Vienna), son of Karl Fleischl Edlem von Marxow and his wife Ida (née Marx) was an Austrian physiologist and physician who became known for his important investigations on the electrical activity of nerves and the brain.

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Esthesiometer

An esthesiometer (British spelling aesthesiometer) is a device for measuring the tactile sensitivity of the skin (or mouth, or eye, etc.). The measure of the degree of tactile sensitivity is called aesthesiometry.

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Ethyl acetate

Ethyl acetate (systematically ethyl ethanoate, commonly abbreviated EtOAc or EA) is the organic compound with the formula, simplified to.

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European Association for Vision and Eye Research

The European Association for Vision and Eye Research is a multidisciplinary scientific society that aims to encourage research and the dissemination of knowledge concerning the eye and vision by means of meetings, publications and exchange of information.

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Evolution of the eye

The evolution of the eye is attractive to study, because the eye distinctively exemplifies an analogous organ found in many animal forms.

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Exit pupil

In optics, the exit pupil is a virtual aperture in an optical system.

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Exophthalmometer

Exophthalmometer is an instrument used for measuring the degree of forward displacement of the eye in exophthalmos.

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Exophthalmos

Exophthalmos (also called exophthalmus, exophthalmia, proptosis, or exorbitism) is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit.

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Extracellular matrix

In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by support cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.

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Eye

Eyes are organs of the visual system.

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Eye bank

Eye banks retrieve and store eyes for cornea transplants and research.

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Eye development

Eye formation in the human embryo begins at approximately three weeks into embryonic development and continues through the tenth week.

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Eye disease

This is a partial list of human eye diseases and disorders.

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Eye injury

Physical or chemical injuries of the eye can be a serious threat to vision if not treated appropriately and in a timely fashion.

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Eye movement in reading

Eye movement in reading involves the visual processing of written text.

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Eye surgery

Eye surgery, also known as ocular surgery, is surgery performed on the eye or its adnexa, typically by an ophthalmologist.

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Eyeglass prescription

An eyeglass prescription is an order written by an eyewear prescriber, such as an optometrist or ophthalmologist, that specifies the value of all parameters the prescriber has deemed necessary to construct and/or dispense corrective lenses appropriate for a patient.

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Far-sightedness

Far-sightedness, also known as hyperopia, is a condition of the eye in which light is focused behind, instead of on, the retina.

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Farhad Hafezi

Farhad Hafezi (born 1967 in Remscheid, Germany) is a Swiss eye surgeon and researcher.

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Fas ligand

Fas ligand (FasL or CD95L) is a type-II transmembrane protein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family.

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Feline viral rhinotracheitis

Feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR) is an upper respiratory or pulmonary infection of cats caused by feline herpesvirus 1, of the family Herpesviridae.

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Feng Shaoshun

Feng Shaoshun (Chinese: 冯绍顺; Pinyin: Féng Shàoshùn; born 3 January 1986 in Qingdao) is a Chinese football player who currently plays for China League One side Shijiazhuang Ever Bright.

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Fergus W. Campbell

Fergus William Campbell (30 January 1924 – 3 May 1993) was a Scottish vision scientist who conducted foundational research into the optics of the human eye, into the electrical activity of the brains of people experiencing various phenomena of vision, and into the sorts of images which, when shown to people, might reveal the processes of their visual systems.

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Fibrin scaffold

A fibrin scaffold is a network of protein that holds together and supports a variety of living tissues.

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Fibrous tunic of eyeball

The sclera and cornea form the fibrous tunic of the bulb of the eye; the sclera is opaque, and constitutes the posterior five-sixths of the tunic; the cornea is transparent, and forms the anterior sixth.

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Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy

The Filatov Institute is a research institute and a large ophthalmology (eye) hospital in Odessa, Ukraine.

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Flash blindness

Flash blindness is a visual impairment during and following exposure to a light flash of extremely high intensity.

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Fleck corneal dystrophy

Fleck corneal dystrophy, also known as Francois-Neetens speckled corneal dystrophy, is a rare form of corneal dystrophy.

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Fleischer ring

Fleischer rings are pigmented rings in the peripheral cornea, resulting from iron deposition in basal epithelial cells, in the form of hemosiderin.

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Florida keratopathy

Florida keratopathy, also known as Florida spots, is an eye condition characterized by the presence of multiple spots within both corneas.

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Fluorescein (medical use)

Fluorescein is used to help in the diagnosis of a number of eye problems.

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Fluorescence

Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation.

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Forbidden Love (2011 TV series)

Forbidden Love is a Syrian television series which was first aired in 2011.

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Fourier profilometry

Fourier profilometry is a method for measuring profiles using distortions in periodic patterns.

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Frank–ter Haar syndrome

Frank ter Haar-syndrome (FTHS), also known as Ter Haar-syndrome, is a rare disease characterized by abnormalities that affect bone, heart, and eye development.

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Free-electron laser

A free-electron laser (FEL) is a kind of laser whose lasing medium consists of very-high-speed electrons moving freely through a magnetic structure, hence the term free electron.

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Fremen

The Fremen are a group of people in the fictional ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert.

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Friedrich August von Ammon

Friedrich August von Ammon (10 September 1799 – 18 May 1861) was a German surgeon and ophthalmologist born in Göttingen.

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Friedrich Ernst Krukenberg

Friedrich Ernst Krukenberg (1 April 1871 – 20 February 1946) was a German physician who was a native of Halle an der Saale.

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Friedrich Philipp Ritterich

Friedrich Philipp Ritterich (4 May 1782, Leipzig – 12 February 1866, Leipzig) was a German ophthalmologist.

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Friedrich Schlemm

Friedrich Schlemm (11 December 1795 – 27 May 1858) was a German anatomist who was professor at the University of Berlin.

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Fryns syndrome

Fryns syndrome is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly syndrome that is usually lethal in the neonatal period.

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Fungal contamination of contact lenses

Microbial corneal infection is the most serious and "most common vision threatening" complication of contact lens wear, which is believed to be strongly associated with contact lens cases.

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Fungal keratitis

A fungal keratitis is an 'inflammation of the eye's cornea' (called keratitis) that results from infection by a fungal organism.

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Fusarium

Fusarium is a large genus of filamentous fungi, part of a group often referred to as hyphomycetes, widely distributed in soil and associated with plants.

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Gabe Newell

Gabe Logan Newell (born), often nicknamed Gaben, is an American computer programmer and businessman best known as the co-founder of the video game development and digital distribution company Valve Corporation.

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Gary Gilmore

Gary Mark Gilmore (December 4, 1940 – January 17, 1977) was an American criminal who gained international attention for demanding the implementation of his death sentence for two murders he committed in Utah.

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Gary Gilmore's Eyes

"Gary Gilmore's Eyes" is a single by the punk rock band the Adverts.

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Gas metal arc welding

Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), sometimes referred to by its subtypes metal inert gas (MIG) welding or metal active gas (MAG) welding, is a welding process in which an electric arc forms between a consumable wire electrode and the workpiece metal(s), which heats the workpiece metal(s), causing them to melt and join.

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Gecko

Geckos are lizards belonging to the infraorder Gekkota, found in warm climates throughout the world.

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Gefitinib

Gefitinib (ZD1839) (INN,, trade name Iressa) is a drug used for certain breast, lung and other cancers.

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Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy

Gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy, also known as amyloid corneal dystrophy, is a rare form of corneal dystrophy.

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Genome-wide complex trait analysis

Genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) GREML is a statistical method for variance component estimation in genetics which quantifies the total narrow-sense (additive) contribution to a trait's heritability of a particular subset of genetic variants (typically limited to SNPs with MAF >1%, hence terms such as "chip heritability"/"SNP heritability").

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Geoffrey Boycott

Geoffrey Boycott OBE (born 21 October 1940) is a former Yorkshire and England cricketer.

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Gerónimo Lluberas

Gerónimo "Gerry" Lluberas (January 7, 1956 - May 7, 2003) was a Puerto Rican physician, humanitarian, writer and composer.

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Germ layer

A germ layer is a primary layer of cells that form during embryogenesis.

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Germicidal lamp

A germicidal lamp is a special type of lamp which produces ultraviolet (UVC) light.

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Gertrud Hurler

Gertrud Hurler, née Zach (1 September 1889 – 1965), was a German pediatrician who wrote up a disease that came to be known as Hurler syndrome and a lesser version which is known as Hurler–Scheie syndrome.

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Ghost crab

Ghost crabs are semiterrestrial crabs of the subfamily Ocypodinae.

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Giuseppe Vincenzo Ciaccio

Giuseppe Vincenzo Ciaccio (15 October 1824 in Catanzaro – 15 June 1901 in Bologna) was an Italian anatomist and histologist.

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Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss.

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Glitter bombing

Glitter bombing is an act of protest in which activists throw glitter on people at public events.

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Globe (human eye)

The globe of the eye, or bulbus oculi, is the eyeball apart from its appendages.

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Globe rupture

Globe rupture is an ophthalmologic condition when the integrity of the outer membranes of the eye are disrupted by blunt or penetrating trauma, usually resulting from a full-thickness injury to the cornea or sclera.

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Glycation

Glycation (sometimes called non-enzymatic glycosylation) is the result of the covalent bonding of a sugar molecule, such as glucose or fructose, to a protein or lipid molecule, without the controlling action of an enzyme.

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Golden ghost crab

Ocypode convexa, commonly known as the golden ghost crab, or alternatively the western ghost crab or yellow ghost crab, is a species of ghost crabs endemic to the coast of Western Australia, from Broome to Perth.

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Gomez and López-Hernández syndrome

Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez Syndrome (GLH) or cerebellotrigeminal-dermal dysplasia is a rare neurocutaneous (Phakomatosis) disorder affecting the trigeminal nerve and causing several other neural and physical abnormalities.

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Gonioscopy

Gonioscopy describes the use of a goniolens (also known as a gonioscope) in conjunction with a slit lamp or operating microscope to gain a view of the iridocorneal angle, or the anatomical angle formed between the eye's cornea and iris.

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Gradenigo's syndrome

Gradenigo's syndrome, also called Gradenigo-Lannois syndrome, is a complication of otitis media and mastoiditis involving the apex of the petrous temporal bone.

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Graft (surgery)

Grafting refers to a surgical procedure to move tissue from one site to another on the body, or from another creature, without bringing its own blood supply with it.

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Great horned owl

The great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), also known as the tiger owl (originally derived from early naturalists' description as the "winged tiger" or "tiger of the air") or the hoot owl,Austing, G.R. & Holt, Jr., J.B. (1966).

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Guinotia dentata

Guinotia dentata, commonly known as cyrique, is a West Indian species of freshwater crab in the family Pseudothelphusidae.

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Gundersen flap

A Gundersen flap, also known as Gundersen's flap, Gundersen's conjunctival flap, or conjunctivoplasty, and often misspelled Gunderson, is a surgical procedure for correcting corneal disease.

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Gustav Schwalbe

Gustav Albert Schwalbe, M.D. (1 August 1844 – 23 April 1916) was a German anatomist and anthropologist from Quedlinburg.

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Ha Ji-won

Jeon Hae-rim (born 28 June 1978), better known by her stage name Ha Ji-won is a South Korean actress.

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Hamid Reza Namazi

Hamid Reza Namazi is a doctor, researcher of philosophy and ethics and assistant professor of Ethics at the Faculty of Theology at the University of Tehran.

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Harminder Dua

Harminder Singh Dua (born in Jalandhar, Punjab) is an Indian-British medical doctor and researcher (with MBBS, DO, DO (Lond), MS, MNAMS, FRCS, FRCOphth, FEBO, MD, PhD).

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Harp seal

The harp seal or saddleback seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus is a species of earless seal, or true seal, native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean.

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Hassall–Henle bodies

Hassall–Henle bodies are small transparent growths on the posterior surface of Descemet's membrane at the periphery of the cornea.

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Hassan Ghazizadeh Hashemi

Seyyed Hassan Ghazizadeh Hashemi (سید حسن قاضی‌زاده هاشمی; born 21 March 1959) is an Iranian ophthalmologist and associate professor of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, who is currently serving as the Minister of Health and Medical Education in the administration of President Hassan Rouhani.

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Hazards of outdoor recreation

Outdoor recreation, such as hiking, camping, canoeing, cycling, or skiing, entails risks, even if participants do not recklessly place themselves in harm's way.

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Heiko Pult

Dr Heiko Pult (born 1968, in Heidelberg, Germany) is a leading expert for Dry Eye, Contact Lenses, Tear Film and Vision.

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Heinrich Küchler

Heinrich Georg Küchler (23 April 1811, Darmstadt – 29 March 1873, Darmstadt) was a German ophthalmologist.

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Herophilos

Herophilos (Ἡρόφιλος; 335–280 BC), sometimes Latinised Herophilus, was a Greek physician deemed to be the first anatomist.

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Herpes simplex

Herpes simplex is a viral disease caused by the herpes simplex virus.

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Herpes simplex keratitis

Herpetic simplex keratitis, also known as herpetic keratoconjunctivitis and herpesviral keratitis, is a form of keratitis caused by recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in the cornea.

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Himalayan Cataract Project

The Himalayan Cataract Project (HCP) was created in 1994 by Dr.

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Hirschberg test

In the fields of optometry and ophthalmology, the Hirschberg test, also Hirschberg corneal reflex test, is a screening test that can be used to assess whether a person has strabismus (ocular misalignment).

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Histogenesis

Histogenesis is the formation of different tissues from undifferentiated cells.

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Hjalmar August Schiøtz

Hjalmar August Schiøtz (9 February 1850 – 8 December 1927) was a Norwegian physician, ophthalmologist and educator.

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Holochroal eye

Holochroal eyes are compound eyes with many tiny lenses (sometimes more than 15,000, each 30-100μm, rarely larger).

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Human eye

The human eye is an organ which reacts to light and pressure.

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Hurler syndrome

Hurler syndrome is also known as mucopolysaccharidosis type IH (MPS IH), Hurler's disease, and formerly gargoylism.

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Hurler–Scheie syndrome

Hurler–Scheie syndrome (also known as "mucopolysaccharidosis type I H-S") is a cutaneous condition, also characterized by mild mental retardation and corneal clouding.

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Hutchinson's facies

Hutchinson's facies is a facial appearance involving drooping eyelids and immobile eyes in external ophthalmoplegia.

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Hutchinson's sign

Hutchinson's sign is a clinical sign which may refer to.

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Hyaluronic acid

Hyaluronic acid (HA; conjugate base hyaluronate), also called hyaluronan, is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues.

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Hydrogen fluoride

Hydrogen fluoride is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.

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Hydrogen peroxide contact solutions

Hydrogen peroxide contact solutions are storage solutions for contact lenses that rely on hydrogen peroxide to clean the contacts and break up proteins and deposits during the disinfection process.

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Hydroxychloroquine

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), sold under the brand name Plaquenil among others, is a medication used for the prevention and treatment of certain types of malaria. Specifically it is used for chloroquine-sensitive malaria. Other uses include treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and porphyria cutanea tarda. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include vomiting, headache, changes in vision and muscle weakness. Severe side effects may include allergic reactions. It appears to be safe in pregnancy but this use has not been well studied. Hydroxychloroquine is in the antimalarial and 4-aminoquinoline families of medication. Hydroxychloroquine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1955. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about $5.40 to 7.44 per month. In the United Kingdom this dose costs the NHS about £5.15. In the United States a month of treatment typically costs less than $25.

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Hypercholesterolemia

Hypercholesterolemia, also called high cholesterol, is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood.

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Hypnotic susceptibility

Hypnotic susceptibility measures how easily a person can be hypnotized.

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I-cell disease

Inclusion-cell (I-cell) disease, also referred to as mucolipidosis II (ML II), is part of the lysosomal storage disease family and results from a defective phosphotransferase (an enzyme of the Golgi apparatus).

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ICD-10 Chapter II: Neoplasms

ICD-10 is an international statistical classification used in health care and related industries.

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ICD-10 Chapter IV: Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases

This is an overview about the chapter IV (also called chapter E) of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10).

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ICD-10 Chapter VII: Diseases of the eye, adnexa

ICD-10 is an international statistical classification used in health care and related industries.

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ICD-9-CM Volume 3

ICD-9-CM Volume 3 is a system of procedural codes used by health insurers to classify medical procedures for billing purposes.

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Ichthyosis

Ichthyosis is a family of rare genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, thickened, scaly skin.

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Idoxuridine

Idoxuridine is an anti-herpesvirus antiviral drug.

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Ielias Ibrahim

Ielias Ibrahim is a former Malaysian soldier.

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Illinois College of Optometry

The Illinois College of Optometry (ICO) is a private optometry college in Chicago, Illinois.

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Imbert-Fick law

Armand Imbert (1850-1922) and Adolf Fick (1829-1901) have both demonstrated, independently of each other, that in ocular tonometry the tension of the wall can be "eliminated when the application of the tonometer produces a flat surface instead of a concave one, and the reading of the tonometer (P) then equals (T) the IOP," whence all forces cancel each other.

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Index of anatomy articles

Articles related to anatomy include.

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Infant visual development

Infant vision concerns the development of visual ability in human infants from birth through the first years of life.

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Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), also known as pinkeye, New Forest eye or blight,Farming Small Areas, August/September, 2008, "Clearing up pinkeye" is a veterinary infection of cattle caused by Moraxella bovis, a Gram-negative, β-haemolytic, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.

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Infectious canine hepatitis

Infectious canine hepatitis is an acute liver infection in dogs caused by canine adenovirus type-1 (CAV-1).

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Integrin alpha 11

Integrin alpha-11 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ITGA11 gene.

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Interstitial keratitis

Interstitial keratitis (IK) is corneal scarring due to chronic inflammation of the corneal stroma.

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Intraocular lens

Intraocular lens (IOL) is a lens implanted in the eye as part of a treatment for cataracts or myopia.

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Intraocular lens power calculation

The aim of an accurate intraocular lens power calculation is to provide an intraocular lens (IOL) that fits the specific needs and desires of the individual patient.

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Intraocular pressure

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure inside the eye.

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Intrastromal corneal ring segment

An intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) (also known as intrastromal corneal ring, corneal implant or corneal insert) is a small device implanted in the eye to correct vision.

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Ipnops

Ipnops is a genus of deep-sea fish in the family Ipnopidae, which also includes the better-known tripodfish (Bathypterois grallator).

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Iridology

Iridology (also known as iridodiagnosisCline D; Hofstetter HW; Griffin JR. Dictionary of Visual Science. 4th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston 1997. or iridiagnosis) is an alternative medicine technique whose proponents claim that patterns, colors, and other characteristics of the iris can be examined to determine information about a patient's systemic health.

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Iris (anatomy)

In humans and most mammals and birds, the iris (plural: irides or irises) is a thin, circular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and thus the amount of light reaching the retina.

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Iris recognition

Iris recognition is an automated method of biometric identification that uses mathematical pattern-recognition techniques on video images of one or both of the irises of an individual's eyes, whose complex patterns are unique, stable, and can be seen from some distance.

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Irish College of Ophthalmologists

The Irish College of Ophthalmologists or ICO is the recognised body for ophthalmology training in Ireland.

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Isotopes of phosphorus

Although phosphorus (15P) has 23 isotopes from 24P to 46P, only one of these isotopes is stable 31P; as such, it is considered a monoisotopic element.

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J. Wayne Streilein

J.

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Jack Russell Terrier

The Jack Russell Terrier is a small terrier that has its origins in fox hunting.

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Jacob Hermann Knapp

Jacob Hermann Knapp (March 17, 1832 – April 30, 1911), also known as Hermann Knapp, was a German-American ophthalmologist and otolaryngologist.

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Jacqueline Saburido

Jacqueline "Jacqui" Saburido (born 20 December 1978) is a Venezuelan burn survivor who campaigns against drunk driving.

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James B. Aguayo-Martel

James Benjamin Martel is a physician, surgeon and scientist.

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Janis Babson

Janis Anne Babson (September 9, 1950 – May 12, 1961) was a Canadian girl who received posthumous acclaim with the donation of her corneas for transplant after her death from leukemia at the age of 10.

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Jeff Ross

Jeffrey Ross Lifschultz (born September 13, 1965), known professionally as Jeff Ross,Joe Rogan Experience.

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Jeff Seidel

Jeffrey Seidel (born 1957) is a kiruv (Orthodox Jewish outreach) personality in Jerusalem, Israel.

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Jerry Orbach

Jerome Bernard Orbach (October 20, 1935 – December 28, 2004) was an American actor and singer, described at the time of his death as "one of the last bona fide leading men of the Broadway musical and global celebrity on television" and a "versatile stage and film actor".

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Johann Nepomuk Fischer

Johann Nepomuk Fischer (29 May 1777, Rumburk – 17 October 1847, Prague) was an Austrian ophthalmologist.

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John Deering (murderer)

John W. Deering (September 1898 – October 31, 1938) was the subject of an experiment to observe what would happen to the human heart during death by gunshot.

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Jon-Erik Hexum

Jon-Erik Hexum (November 5, 1957 – October 18, 1984) was an American actor.

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Joseph Gensoul

Joseph Gensoul (1 August 1797, Lyon – 11 May 1858) was a French surgeon.

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Justin Karn

Justin Karn (born June 16, 1981) is a Canadian judoka who represented Canada in Judo at the 2012 Paralympics in the -60 kg category.

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Kareem Abdul-Jabbar

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor Jr.; April 16, 1947) is an American retired professional basketball player who played 20 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Milwaukee Bucks and the Los Angeles Lakers.

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Kayser–Fleischer ring

Kayser–Fleischer rings (KF rings) are dark rings that appear to encircle the iris of the eye.

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KC6

KC6 ("Keratoconus gene 6") is a novel gene located on chromosome 18 at p12.3.

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Keratan sulfate

Keratan sulfate (KS), also called keratosulfate, is any of several sulfated glycosaminoglycans (structural carbohydrates) that have been found especially in the cornea, cartilage, and bone.

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Keratin

Keratin is one of a family of fibrous structural proteins.

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Keratitis

Keratitis is a condition in which the eye's cornea, the clear dome on the front surface of the eye, becomes inflamed.

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Keratocan

Keratocan (KTN) also known as keratan sulfate proteoglycan keratocan, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KERA gene.

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Keratoconjunctivitis

Keratoconjunctivitis is inflammation ("-itis") of the cornea and conjunctiva.

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Keratoconus

Keratoconus (KC) is a disorder of the eye which results in progressive thinning of the cornea.

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Keratoendotheliitis fugax hereditaria

Keratoendotheliitis fugax hereditaria is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease of the cornea, caused by a point mutation in cryopyrin (also known as NALP3) that in humans is encoded by the NLRP3 gene located on the long arm of chromosome 1.

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Keratoglobus

Keratoglobus (from Greek: kerato- horn, cornea; and Latin: globus round), is a degenerative non-inflammatory disorder of the eye in which structural changes within the cornea cause it to become extremely thin and change to a more globular shape than its normal gradual curve.

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Keratomalacia

Keratomalacia is an eye disorder that results from vitamin A deficiency.

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Keratometer

A keratometer, also known as a ophthalmometer, is a diagnostic instrument for measuring the curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea, particularly for assessing the extent and axis of astigmatism.

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Keratomileusis

Keratomileusis, from Greek κέρας (kéras: horn) and σμίλευσις (smileusis: carving), or corneal reshaping, is the surgical improvement of the refractive state of the cornea by surgically reshaping it.

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Keratoprosthesis

Keratoprosthesis is a surgical procedure where a diseased cornea is replaced with an artificial cornea.

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Keratoscope

A keratoscope, sometimes known as Placido's disk, is an ophthalmic instrument used to assess the shape of the anterior surface of the cornea.

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Khodadoust line

A Khodadoust Line or chronic focal transplant reaction is a medical sign that indicates a complication of corneal graft surgery on the eye.

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KLF4

Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4; gut-enriched Krüppel-like factor or GKLF) is a zinc-finger transcription factor, and it was first identified in 1996.

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Kresge Eye Institute

The Kresge Eye Institute in Detroit, Michigan is a leading medical center for the preservation of sight and has an international reputation for its pioneering eye research program, basic science studies and as a major referral center for the treatment of difficult vision problems.

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Krukenberg's spindle

Krukenberg's spindle is the name given to the pattern formed on the inner surface of the cornea by pigmented iris cells that are shed during the mechanical rubbing of posterior pigment layer of the iris with the zonular fibrils that are deposited as a result of the currents of the aqueous humor.

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Kyrle disease

Kyrle disease or hyperkeratosis follicularis et parafollicularis in cutem penetrans is identified as a form of an acquired perforating disease.

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Lability

Lability refers to something that is constantly undergoing change or something that is likely to undergo change.

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Lacritin

Lacritin is a 12.3 kDa glycoprotein encoded in humans by the LACRT gene.

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Laser

A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.

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Laser safety

Laser safety is the safe design, use and implementation of lasers to minimize the risk of laser accidents, especially those involving eye injuries.

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Laser surgery

Laser surgery is a type of surgery that uses a laser (in contrast to using a scalpel) to cut tissue.

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Laser thermal keratoplasty

Laser thermal keratoplasty is a non-contact laser refractive surgery.

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LASIK

LASIK or Lasik (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis), commonly referred to as laser eye surgery or laser vision correction, is a type of refractive surgery for the correction of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.

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Lasioglossum leucozonium

Lasioglossum leucozonium (Schrank, 1781), also known as Lasioglossum similis, is a widespread solitary sweat bee found in North America, Europe, Asia, and parts of northern Africa.

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Latanoprost

Latanoprost, sold under the brand name Xalatan among others, is a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye.

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Lateral inhibition

In neurobiology, lateral inhibition is the capacity of an excited neuron to reduce the activity of its neighbors.

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Lattice corneal dystrophy

Lattice corneal dystrophy type, also known as Biber-Haab-Dimmer dystrophy, is a rare form of corneal dystrophy.

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Layton Rahmatulla Benevolent Trust

Layton Rahmatullah Benevolent Trust or LRBT is Pakistan's largest non governmental organisation.

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Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency

Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency (LCAT deficiency) is a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism.

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Lemur

Lemurs are a clade of strepsirrhine primates endemic to the island of Madagascar.

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Lens (anatomy)

The lens is a transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina.

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Lens regeneration

The regeneration of the lens of the eye has been studied, mostly in amphibians and rabbits, from the 18th century.

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Leopold and Loeb

Nathan Freudenthal Leopold Jr. (November 19, 1904 – August 29, 1971) and Richard Albert Loeb (June 11, 1905 – January 28, 1936), usually referred to collectively as Leopold and Loeb, were two wealthy students at the University of Chicago who in May 1924 kidnapped and murdered 14-year-old Robert Franks in Chicago.

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Limbal nodule

A limbal nodule is any nodular lesion at the limbus (junction of the cornea and sclera) of the eye.

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Limbal relaxing incisions

Limbal Relaxing Incisions (LRI) are a refractive surgical procedure to correct minor astigmatism in the eye.

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Limbal stem cell

Limbal stem cells, also called corneal epithelial stem cells, are stem cells located in the basal epithelial layer of the corneal limbus.

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Limbus sign

The limbus sign is a ring of dystrophic calcification evident as a "milky precipitate" (i.e. abnormal white color) at the corneal limbus.

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Lions Eye Bank

Lions Eye Bank is the name of the various eye banks operated by the Lions Save Sight Foundation (LSSF), a not-for-profit foundation within the Lions Clubs International service organisation.

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Lions Eye Institute

The Lions Eye Institute (LEI) is an Australian medical research institute affiliated with the University of Western Australia.

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Lipoxin

Lipoxins (LXs or Lxs), an acronym for lipoxygenase interaction products, are bioactive autacoid metabolites of arachidonic acid made by various cell types.

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List of -ectomies

The surgical terminology suffix "-ectomy" was taken from Greek εκ-τομια.

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List of adverse effects of chlorpromazine

Chlorpromazine includes the following list of adverse effects (serious adverse effects appear in bold):Data on the exact incidence of the different adverse effects is greatly lacking so only rough approximations of adverse effect incidence is available.

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List of Code:Breaker characters

The following is a list of characters from the manga series Code:Breaker.

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List of distinct cell types in the adult human body

There are many different types of cell in the human body.

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List of dog diseases

This list of dog diseases is a selection of diseases and other conditions found in the dog.

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List of eponymous surgical procedures

Eponymous surgical procedures are generally named after the surgeon or surgeons who performed or reported them first.

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List of examples of convergent evolution

Convergent evolution — the repeated evolution of similar traits in multiple lineages which all ancestrally lack the trait — is rife in nature, as illustrated by the examples below.

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List of examples of lengths

This is a list of examples of lengths, in metres in order to give an understanding of lengths.

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List of Greek and Latin roots in English/C

Category:Lists of words.

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List of ICD-9 codes 240–279: endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and immunity disorders

3.

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List of ICD-9 codes 360–389: diseases of the sense organs

6b.

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List of instruments used in ophthalmology

This is a list of instruments used in ophthalmology.

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List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system

There are many different keratin proteins normally expressed in the human integumentary system.

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List of Latin phrases (A)

Additional references.

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List of Latin words with English derivatives

This is a list of Latin words with derivatives in English (and other modern languages).

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List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes

This is a list of roots, suffixes, and prefixes used in medical terminology, their meanings, and their etymology.

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List of MeSH codes (A09)

The following is a list of the "A" codes for MeSH.

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List of MeSH codes (C11)

The following is a list of the "C" codes for MeSH.

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List of Monk characters

The following is a list of characters of Monk, an American comedy-drama detective mystery television series, created by Andy Breckman and starring Tony Shalhoub as the titular character, Adrian Monk.

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List of optometric abbreviations

Certain abbreviations are current within the profession of optometry.

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List of organs of the human body

This article contains a list of organs of the human body.

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List of refractive indices

Many materials have a well-characterized refractive index, but these indexes depend strongly upon the frequency of light.

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List of side effects of estradiol

List of side effects of estradiol which may occur as a result of its us or have been associated with estrogen and/or progestogen therapy includes.

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Logarithmic spiral

A logarithmic spiral, equiangular spiral or growth spiral is a self-similar spiral curve which often appears in nature.

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Long ciliary nerves

The long ciliary nerves, two or three in number, are given off from the nasociliary nerve as it crosses the optic nerve.

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Louis Émile Javal

Louis Émile Javal (May 5, 1839 – January 20, 1907) was a French ophthalmologist born in Paris.

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Louis Joseph Sanson

Louis Joseph Sanson (24 January 1790, Paris – 2 August 1841, Paris) was a French surgeon and ophthalmologist.

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Louis-Auguste Desmarres

Louis-Auguste Desmarres (September 22, 1810 – August 22, 1882) was a French ophthalmologist born in Évreux, Eure.

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Ludwig Franz Alexander Winther

Ludwig Franz Alexander Winther (9 March 1812 – 26 April 1871) was a German pathologist and ophthalmologist who was a native of Offenbach am Main.

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Luis Monge

Luis José Monge (August 21, 1918 – June 2, 1967) was a convicted mass murderer who was executed in the gas chamber at Colorado State Penitentiary in 1967.

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Luke Witte

Luke Witte (born October 19, 1950) is a retired American college and professional basketball player who is now a church minister.

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Lumican

Lumican, also known as LUM, is an extracellular matrix protein that, in humans, is encoded by the LUM gene on chromosome 12.

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Lye

A lye is a metal hydroxide traditionally obtained by leaching ashes (containing largely potassium carbonate or "potash"), or a strong alkali which is highly soluble in water producing caustic basic solutions.

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Lymph

Lymph is the fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system.

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Mahipal S. Sachdev

Mahipal S. Sachdev is an Indian ophthalmologist and the Chairman of Centre for Sight, a chain of Eye Hospitals in India.

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Maillard reaction

The Maillard reaction is a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars that gives browned food its distinctive flavor.

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Malayan tapir

The Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), also called the Asian tapir, is the largest of the five species of tapir and the only one native to Asia.

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Malondialdehyde

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the organic compound with the nominal formula CH2(CHO)2.

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Mammalian eye

Mammals normally have a pair of eyes.

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Manx shearwater

The Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae.

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Marcelo Fromer

Marcelo Fromer (December 3, 1961 – June 13, 2001) was the guitarist of Brazilian rock band Titãs.

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Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome

Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome (also known as mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, MPS VI, or polydystrophic dwarfism) is a form of mucopolysaccharidosis caused by a deficiency in arylsulfatase B (ARSB).

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Massachusetts Eye and Ear

Massachusetts Eye and Ear (Mass. Eye and Ear, or MEE) is a specialty hospital located in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, which focuses on ophthalmology (eye), otolaryngology (ear/nose/throat), and related medicine and research.

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Maurice Rabb Jr.

Maurice F. Rabb Jr. (August 7, 1932 – June 6, 2005) was an African-American ophthalmologist.

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Maximilian Joseph von Chelius

Maximilian Joseph von Chelius (16 January 1794 – 17 August 1876) was a German surgeon and ophthalmologist born in Mannheim.

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Maximilian Salzmann

Maximilian Salzmann (9 December 1862, in Vienna – 17 April 1954, in Graz) was an Austrian ophthalmologist.

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Möbius syndrome

Möbius syndrome (also spelt Moebius) is an extremely rare congenital neurological disorder which is characterized by facial paralysis and the inability to move the eyes from side to side.

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Medical (Therapy, Education and Research) Act

The Medical (Therapy, Education and Research) Act (MTERA) is an opt-in scheme enacted in 1972 by the Government of Singapore.

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Medicine in the medieval Islamic world

In the history of medicine, Islamic medicine is the science of medicine developed in the Islamic Golden Age, and written in Arabic, the lingua franca of Islamic civilization.

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Megalocornea

Megalocornea (MGCN, MGCN1) is an extremely rare nonprogressive condition in which the cornea has an enlarged diameter, reaching and exceeding 13 mm.

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Melange (fictional drug)

Melange, often referred to as simply "the spice", is the name of the fictional drug central to the ''Dune'' series of science fiction novels by Frank Herbert, and derivative works.

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Mermis nigrescens

Mermis nigrescens is a species of nematode known commonly as the grasshopper nematode.

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Michael Strogoff

Michael Strogoff: The Courier of the Czar (Michel Strogoff) is a novel written by Jules Verne in 1876.

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Microkeratome

A microkeratome is a precision surgical instrument with an oscillating blade designed for creating the corneal flap in LASIK or ALK surgery.

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Micropsia

Micropsia is a condition affecting human visual perception in which objects are perceived to be smaller than they actually are.

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Microwave

Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from one meter to one millimeter; with frequencies between and.

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Microwave burn

Microwave burns are burn injuries caused by thermal effects of microwave radiation absorbed in a living organism.

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Mikhail Mikhailowitsch Woinow

Mikhail Mikhailowitsch Woinow, surname sometimes spelled as Voinov (1844 - 1875) was a German-based Russian ophthalmologist.

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Miners' health issues during 2010 Copiapó mining accident

The 2010 Copiapó mining accident began as a cave-in on 5 August 2010 at the San José copper-gold mine in the Atacama Desert near Copiapó, Chile.

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Miners' survival during 2010 Copiapó mining accident

The 2010 Copiapó mining accident began as a cave-in on 5 August 2010 at the San José copper-gold mine in the Atacama Desert near Copiapó, Chile.

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Miniature Shar Pei

The Miniature Shar Pei or Mini Pei is a breed of dog with slightly smaller proportions than the larger Standard Shar Pei.

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Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery

Micro-invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) is the latest advance in surgical treatment for glaucoma, which aims to reduce intraocular pressure by either increasing outflow of aqueous humor or reducing its production.

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Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome

Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS or MDDS) is any of a group of autosomal recessive disorders that cause a significant drop in mitochondrial DNA in affected tissues.

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Mitosis

In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.

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Mode-locking

Mode-locking is a technique in optics by which a laser can be made to produce pulses of light of extremely short duration, on the order of picoseconds (10−12 s) or femtoseconds (10−15 s).

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MOHAN Foundation

MOHAN Foundation is a not-for-profit, registered non-government charity organisation in India that works in the field of deceased organ donation and transplantation.

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Moran Eye Center

The John A. Moran Eye Center is an academic medical center offering comprehensive, multi-specialty care, basic, translational and clinical research, ophthalmology residency and fellowship training, and local and international humanitarian outreach.

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Morgan Lens

The Morgan Lens is a sterile plastic device resembling a contact lens connected to tubing that fits over the eye and allows copious irrigation of the eye over time without continuous attendance by medical personnel.

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Morquio syndrome

Morquio syndrome (referred to as mucopolysaccharidosis IV, MPS IV, Morquio-Brailsford syndrome, or Morquio) is a rare metabolic disorder in which the body cannot process certain types of mucopolysaccharides (long chains of sugar molecules), which the body uses as lubricants and shock absorbers.

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Mucolipidosis type IV

Mucolipidosis type IV (ML IV, ganglioside sialidase deficiency, or ML4) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder.

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Mucopolysaccharidosis

Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of metabolic disorders caused by the absence or malfunctioning of lysosomal enzymes needed to break down molecules called glycosaminoglycans.

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Mucopolysaccharidosis type I

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I, or MPS I, is a spectrum of diseases in the mucopolysaccharidosis family.

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Munson's sign

Munson's sign is a V-shaped indentation observed in the lower eyelid when the patient's gaze is directed downwards.

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Myanmar Eye Care Project

The Myanmar Eye Care Project (MECP) is focused on improving the delivery of critical eye care services to at-risk populations in Myanmar.

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Naja ashei

Naja ashei, commonly known as Ashe's spitting cobra or the giant spitting cobra, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae.

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Naphcon-A

Naphcon-A is a brand of eye drops produced by Alcon Laboratories, Inc., a pharmaceutical products company based in Fort Worth, Texas.

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Near-sightedness

Near-sightedness, also known as short-sightedness and myopia, is a condition of the eye where light focuses in front of, instead of on, the retina.

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Ned D. Heindel

Ned D. Heindel (September 4, 1937) is an American chemist.

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Nepafenac

Nepafenac (brand name Nevanac or Ilevro) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), usually sold as a prescription eye drop 0.1% solution (Nevanac) or 0.3% solution (Ilevro).

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Nerve supply to the skin

Cutaneous innervation refers to the area of the skin which is supplied by a specific cutaneous nerve.

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Neuroprosthetics

Neuroprosthetics (also called neural prosthetics) is a discipline related to neuroscience and biomedical engineering concerned with developing neural prostheses.

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Neurotrophic keratitis

Neurotrophic keratitis (NK) is a degenerative disease of the cornea caused by damage of the trigeminal nerve1, which results in impairment of corneal sensitivity, spontaneous corneal epithelium breakdown, poor corneal healing and development of corneal ulceration, melting and perforation2.

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Neutron radiation

Neutron radiation is a form of ionizing radiation that presents as free neutrons.

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Nikola Milutinov

Nikola Milutinov (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Милутинов; born December 30, 1994) is a Serbian professional basketball player who currently plays for Olympiacos of the Greek Basket League.

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Nitrotyrosine

Nitrotyrosine is a product of tyrosine nitration mediated by reactive nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite anion and nitrogen dioxide.

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Nociceptor

A nociceptor is a sensory neuron that responds to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending “possible threat” signals to the spinal cord and the brain.

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Nocturnal bottleneck

The nocturnal bottleneck hypothesis is a hypothesis to explain several mammal traits.

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Nocturnality

Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day.

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Non-heart-beating donation

Prior to the introduction of brain death into law in the mid to late 1970s, all organ transplants from cadaveric donors came from non-heart beating donors (NHBDs).

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Non-ionizing radiation

Non-ionizing (or non-ionising) radiation refers to any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough energy per quantum (photon energy) to ionize atoms or molecules—that is, to completely remove an electron from an atom or molecule.

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Norrie disease

Norrie disease is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the eye and almost always leads to blindness.

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Nummular keratitis

Nummular keratitis is a feature of viral keratoconjunctivitis.

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Ocelloid

An ocelloid is a subcellular structure found in the family Warnowiaceae (warnowiids), which are a members of a group of unicellular organisms known as dinoflagellates.

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Octopus

The octopus (or ~) is a soft-bodied, eight-armed mollusc of the order Octopoda.

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Ocular immune system

The ocular immune system protects the eye from infection and regulates healing processes following injuries.

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Ocular straylight

Ocular straylight is a phenomenon where parts of the eye scatter light, creating glare.

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Ocular tonometry

Tonometry is the procedure eye care professionals perform to determine the intraocular pressure (IOP), the fluid pressure inside the eye.

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Ocypode

Ocypode is a genus of ghost crabs found in the sandy shores of tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world.

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Ommatidium

The compound eyes of arthropods like insects, crustaceans and millipedes are composed of units called ommatidia (singular: ommatidium).

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Ommatokoita

Ommatokoita elongata is a long pinkish-white parasitic copepod, frequently found permanently attached to the corneas of the Greenland shark and Pacific sleeper shark.

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Onchocerca volvulus

Onchocerca volvulus is a nematode that causes onchocerciasis (river blindness), and is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide after trachoma.

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Onchocerciasis

Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is a disease caused by infection with the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus.

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Onychophora

Onychophora (from Ancient Greek, onyches, "claws"; and pherein, "to carry"), commonly known as velvet worms (due to their velvety texture and somewhat wormlike appearance) or more ambiguously as peripatus (after the first described genus, Peripatus), is a phylum of elongate, soft-bodied, many-legged panarthropods.

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Operation Wigwam

Operation Wigwam involved a single test of the Mark 90 Betty nuclear bomb.

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Ophidia

Ophidia (also known as Pan-Serpentes) is a group of squamate reptiles including modern snakes and all reptiles more closely related to snakes than to other living groups of lizards.

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Ophthalmia nodosa

Ophthalmia nodosa is a cutaneous condition characterized by inflammation of the eye due to lodging of (for example) caterpillar hairs in the conjunctiva, cornea, or iris.

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Ophthalmic nerve

The ophthalmic nerve (first division of fifth cranial nerve, ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve, first division of trigeminal nerve, CN V1, latin: nervus ophthalmicus) is the first branch of the trigeminal nerve.

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Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology is a branch of medicine and surgery (both methods are used) that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eyeball and orbit.

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Opisthobranchia

Opisthobranchs are a large and diverse group of specialized complex gastropods that used to be united in the subclass Opisthobranchia, but are no longer considered to represent a monophyletic grouping because it contains land snails and slugs, the Pulmonata.

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Optician

An optician, or dispensing optician, is a technical practitioner who designs, fits and dispenses corrective lenses for the correction of a person's vision.

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Opticin

Opticin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OPTC gene.

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Optics

Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.

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Optics and vision

Visual perception is the ability to interpret information and surroundings from visible light reaching the eye.

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Orders of magnitude (length)

The following are examples of orders of magnitude for different lengths.

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Organ donation in Australia

Organ donation is when a person gives their organs after they die to someone in need of new organs.

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Organ trade

Organ trade is the trade of human organs, tissues or other body parts for the purpose of transplantation.

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Orthokeratology

Orthokeratology (also referred to as Ortho-K, Overnight Vision Correction, Corneal Refractive Therapy and CRT), refers to the creation of gas permeable contact lenses that temporarily reshape the cornea to reduce refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism.

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Osmium tetroxide

Osmium tetroxide (also osmium(VIII) oxide) is the chemical compound with the formula OsO4.

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Outline of human anatomy

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to human anatomy: Human anatomy – scientific study of the morphology of the adult human.

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Oxybuprocaine

Oxybuprocaine (INN), also known as benoxinate or BNX, is an ester-type local anesthetic, which is used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology.

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Oxygen toxicity

Oxygen toxicity is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen at increased partial pressures.

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Pain in fish

Whether fish feel pain is a contentious issue.

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Palaemonella burnsi

Palaemonella burnsi is a species of shrimp in the family Palaemonidae, from Maui, Hawaii.

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Palladium(II) chloride

Palladium(II) chloride, also known as palladium dichloride and palladous chloride, are the chemical compounds with the formula PdCl2.

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Pannus

Pannus is an abnormal layer of fibrovascular tissue or granulation tissue.

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Paul Burlin

Paul Burlin (September 10, 1886 – March 13, 1969) was an American modern and abstract expressionist painter.

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Pedram Hamrah

Pedram Hamrah is an ophthalmologist and immunologist.

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Pellucid marginal degeneration

Pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD), is a degenerative corneal condition, often confused with keratoconus.

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Pepper spray

Pepper spray (also known as capsicum spray) is a lachrymatory agent (a chemical compound that irritates the eyes to cause tears, pain, and temporary blindness) used in policing, riot control, crowd control, and self-defense, including defense against dogs and bears.

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Perceptual paradox

A perceptual paradox illustrates the failure of a theoretical prediction.

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Periclimenes pholeter

Periclimenes pholeter, is a species of shrimp belonging to the family Palaemonidae.

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Peripheral light focusing

Peripheral Light Focusing (PLF) can be described as the focusing of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation (SUVR) at the nasal limbus of the cornea.

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Peritomy

A peritomy, or peritectomy, is a procedure carried out during eye surgery, where a strip of the conjunctiva of an eye is removed, usually to correct pannus, where blood vessels begin to grow into the peripheral cornea.

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Persistent pupillary membrane

Persistent pupillary membrane (PPM) is a condition of the eye involving remnants of a fetal membrane that persist as strands of tissue crossing the pupil.

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Peter Hersh

Peter S. Hersh is an American ophthalmologist and specialist in LASIK eye surgery, keratoconus, and diseases of the cornea.

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Phacopida

Phacopida ("lens-face") is an order of trilobite that lived from the Late Cambrian to the Late Devonian.

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Philipp Franz von Walther

Philipp Franz von Walther (3 January 1782 – 29 December 1849) was a German surgeon and ophthalmologist who was a native of Burrweiler.

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Phosgene oxime

Phosgene oxime, or CX, is an organic compound with the formula Cl2CNOH.

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Phosphorus

Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15.

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Photoablation

Photoablation is the use of light or lasers to destroy tissues.

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Photokeratitis

Photokeratitis or ultraviolet keratitis is a painful eye condition caused by exposure of insufficiently protected eyes to the ultraviolet (UV) rays from either natural (e.g. intense sunlight) or artificial (e.g. the electric arc during welding) sources.

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Photophthalmia

Photophthalmia (pho·toph·thal·mia (fōt″of-thal´me-ah)) is ophthalmia or inflammation of the eye, especially of the cornea and conjunctiva due to exposure to intense light of short wavelength (as ultraviolet light), as in snow blindness.

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Photorefractive keratectomy

Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser-assisted sub-epithelial keratectomy (or laser epithelial keratomileusis) (LASEK) are laser eye surgery procedures intended to correct a person's vision, reducing dependency on glasses or contact lenses.

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Phototherapeutic keratectomy

Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) is a type of eye surgery that uses a laser to treat various ocular disorders by removing tissue from the cornea.

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Phragmatopoma californica

Phragmatopoma californica, commonly known as the sandcastle worm, the honeycomb worm or the honeycomb tube worm, is a reef-forming marine polychaete worm belonging to the family Sabellarididae.

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Physical disability

A physical disability is a limitation on a person's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina.

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Pierre Demours

Pierre Demours (1702 – June 26, 1795) was a French physician, zoologist and translator.

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Pinguecula

A pinguecula is a common type of conjunctival degeneration in the eye.

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Pinniped

Pinnipeds, commonly known as seals, are a widely distributed and diverse clade of carnivorous, fin-footed, semiaquatic marine mammals.

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Platypus

The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), sometimes referred to as the duck-billed platypus, is a semiaquatic egg-laying mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania.

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Polymegethism

Polymegethism is a greater than normal variation in size of the corneal endothelial cells.

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Popliteal pterygium syndrome

Popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS) is an inherited condition affecting the face, limbs, and genitalia.

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Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy

Posterior Polymorphous Corneal Dystrophy (PPCD; sometimes also Schlichting dystrophy) is a type of corneal dystrophy, characterised by changes in Descemet's membrane and endothelial layer.

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Powers (comics)

Powers is an American creator-owned police procedural comic book series by writer Brian Michael Bendis and artist Michael Avon Oeming.

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Pregnancy (mammals)

In mammals, pregnancy is the period of reproduction during which a female carries one or more live offspring from implantation in the uterus through gestation.

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Procaris hawaiana

Procaris hawaiana is a species of shrimp in the family Procarididae, from Maui, Hawaii.

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Proetida

Proetida is an order of trilobite that lived from the Ordovician to the Permian.

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Progeroid syndromes

Progeroid syndromes (PS) are a group of rare genetic disorders which mimic physiological aging, making affected individuals appear to be older than they are.

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Prognathodon

Prognathodon is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family.

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Prostaglandin EP4 receptor

Prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) is a prostaglandin receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) encoded by the PTGER4 gene in humans; it is one of four identified EP receptors, the others being EP1, EP2, and EP3, all of which bind with and mediate cellular responses to PGE2 and also, but generally with lesser affinity and responsiveness, certain other prostanoids (see Prostaglandin receptors).

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Proteases in angiogenesis

Angiogenesis is the process of forming new blood vessels from existing blood vessels.

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Protein moonlighting

Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function.

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Proxymetacaine

Proxymetacaine (INN) or proparacaine (USAN) is a topical anesthetic drug of the aminoester group.

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Pseudoexfoliation syndrome

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome, often abbreviated as PEX and sometimes as PES or PXS, is an aging-related systemic disease manifesting itself primarily in the eyes which is characterized by the accumulation of microscopic granular amyloid-like protein fibers.

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Pseudosquilla ciliata

Pseudosquilla ciliata, the common mantis shrimp, is a species of mantis shrimp, known by common names including rainbow mantis shrimp and false mantis shrimp.

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Pterygium (conjunctiva)

A pterygium is a pinkish, triangular tissue growth on the cornea of the eye.

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Pug

The Pug is a breed of dog with physically distinctive features of a wrinkly, short-muzzled face, and curled tail.

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Punctate epithelial erosions

Punctate epithelial erosions is a pathology affecting the cornea.

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Pupil

The pupil is a hole located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to strike the retina.

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Purkinje images

Purkinje images are reflections of objects from the structure of the eye.

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Queen Victoria Hospital

The Queen Victoria Hospital (QVH), located in East Grinstead, West Sussex, England is the specialist reconstructive surgery centre for the south east of England, and also provides services at clinics across the region.

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Radial keratotomy

Radial keratotomy (RK) is a refractive surgical procedure to correct myopia (nearsightedness) that was developed in 1974, by Svyatoslav Fyodorov, a Russian ophthalmologist.

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Rajiformes

Rajiformes is one of the four orders in the superorder Batoidea, flattened cartilaginous fishes related to sharks.

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Rangaswamy Srinivasan

Rangaswamy Srinivasan (born February 28, 1929, Madras, India) is a physical chemist and inventor with a 30-year career at IBM Research.

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Rebecka Belldegrun

Rebecka Belldegrun (born 1950), is a Finnish-born American ophthalmologist, businesswoman, investor and philanthropist.

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Recurrent corneal erosion

Recurrent corneal erosion is a disorder of the eyes characterized by the failure of the cornea's outermost layer of epithelial cells to attach to the underlying basement membrane (Bowman's layer).

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Red eye (medicine)

A red eye is an eye that appears red due to illness or injury.

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Red reflex

The red reflex refers to the reddish-orange reflection of light from the back of the eye, or fundus, observed when using an ophthalmoscope or retinoscope.

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Reduced eye

The reduced eye is an idealized model of the optics of the human eye.

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Reference point indentation

Reference Point Indentation (RPI) refers to a specialized form of indentation testing.

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Refractive error

Refractive error, also known as refraction error, is a problem with focusing light accurately onto the retina due to the shape of the eye.

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Refractive surgery

Refractive eye surgery is any eye surgery used to improve the refractive state of the eye and decrease or eliminate dependency on glasses or contact lenses.

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Reliance Foundation

Reliance Foundation is an Indian philanthropic initiative which was founded in 2010 by Nita Ambani.

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Rescue plans for 2010 Copiapó mining accident

The 2010 Copiapó mining accident began as a cave-in on 5 August 2010 at the San José copper-gold mine in the Atacama Desert near Copiapó, Chile.

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Research to Prevent Blindness

Research to Prevent Blindness (RPB) is a nonprofit organization created in 1960 by Jules Stein, the founder of Music Corporation of America, to stimulate research to eliminate blinding diseases.

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Retinal birefringence scanning

Retinal birefringence scanning (RBS) is a method for detection the central fixation of the eye.

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Retinol

Retinol, also known as Vitamin A1, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.

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Retrobulbar block

A retrobulbar block is a regional anesthetic nerve block in the retrobulbar space, the area located behind the globe of the eye.

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Retroreflector

A retroreflector (sometimes called a retroflector or cataphote) is a device or surface that reflects light back to its source with a minimum of scattering.

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Rheum

Rheum (from Greek: ῥεῦμα rheuma "a flowing, rheum"), also known as gound, is thin mucus naturally discharged from the eyes, nose, or mouth during sleep (cf. mucopurulent discharge).

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Richard Vobes

Richard Vobes is an English entertainer, actor, independent film maker, writer and award-winning podcaster.

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Rock On 2

Rock On 2 (also known as Rock On!! 2) is a 2016 Indian musical drama film, directed by Shujaat Saudagar, produced by Farhan Akhtar and Ritesh Sidhwani, and with music by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy.

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Ronald Silverman

Ronald H. Silverman is currently Professor of Ophthalmic Science at Columbia University Medical Center.

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Rosacea

Rosacea is a long-term skin condition that typically affects the face.

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Rose bengal

Rose bengal (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodofluorescein) is a stain.

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Rosenthal–Kloepfer syndrome

Rosenthal–Kloepfer syndrome, also known as familial pachydermoperiostosis, is a cutaneous condition characterized by abnormal growth of bone and skin with clouding of the cornea.

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Rothia dentocariosa

Rothia dentocariosa (previously known as Stomatococcus mucilaginosus) is a species of Gram-positive, round- to rod-shaped bacteria that is part of the normal community of microbes residing in the mouth and respiratory tract.

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Saint John Eye Hospital Group

The St John of Jerusalem Eye Hospital Group is a charitable foundation which operates an ophthalmic hospital in Jerusalem and satellite eye care clinics and hospitals in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

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Salomon Stricker

Salomon Stricker (1 January 1834, Waag-Neustadtl/Vágújhely/Nové Mesto nad Váhom) – 2 April 1898) was an Austrian pathologist and histologist born in Waag-Neustadtl, a town that is now located in Slovakia. He studied at the University of Vienna, and subsequently became a research assistant at the Institute of Physiology under Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke. Later he became head of the Institute of General and Experimental Pathology in Vienna. Stricker is remembered for his extensive studies in the fields of histology and experimental pathology, and is credited with making discoveries involving the diapedesis of erythrocytes and the contractility of vascular walls. He also made contributions in his research of cell division in vivo, on the histology of the cornea, and on the relationship of cells to the extracellular matrix. Among his written works is the "Handbuch der Lehre von den Geweben des Menschen und der Thiere", a two-volume textbook that contains Stricker's essays on histology, along with treatises from several other prominent physicians and scientists, such as Max Schultze, Wilhelm Kühne, Joseph von Gerlach, Sigmund Mayer, Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer, Theodor Meynert, Ewald Hering, et al. During its time, it was considered one of the greatest textbooks concerning histology. Stricker was also the author of a number of philosophical works. In his landmark "Interpretation of Dreams", Sigmund Freud discusses a passage in Stricker's Studien uber das Bewusstsein regarding the expression of affect in dreams (e.g. fear, joy) and the dream's ideational content, and how these two elements compare to the ideational/affective dynamic in an awake state. In his book, Stricker uses as an example; "If I am afraid of robbers in my dreams, the robbers, to be sure, are imaginary, but the fear of them is real". It was at Stricker's institute that ophthalmologist Karl Koller, who at the suggestion of Freud, began his experimentation with cocaine as a local anaesthetic.

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Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy

Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) is a method of examination of the eye.

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Scheie syndrome

Scheie syndrome (also known as "MPS I-S") is a disease caused by a deficiency in the enzyme iduronidase, leading to the buildup of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the body.

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Schiøtz tonometer

Schiøtz tonometer is an indentation tonometer, used to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) by measuring the depth produced on the surface of the cornea by a load of a known weight.

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Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy

Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy (SCD) is a rare form of corneal dystrophy.

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Schwalbe's line

Schwalbe's line is the anatomical line found on the interior surface of the eye's cornea, and delineates the outer limit of the corneal endothelium layer.

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Schwind eye tech solutions

SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions GmbH & Co.

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Sclera

The sclera, also known as the white of the eye, is the opaque, fibrous, protective, outer layer of the human eye containing mainly collagen and some elastic fiber.

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Scleral lens

A scleral lens, also known as a scleral contact lens and ocular surface prostheses is a large contact lens that rests on the sclera and creates a tear-filled vault over the cornea.

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Scleritis

Scleritis is a serious inflammatory disease that affects the white outer coating of the eye, known as the sclera.

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Sclerocornea

Sclerocornea is a congenital anomaly of the eye in which the cornea blends with sclera, having no clear-cut boundary.

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Scuba diving

Scuba diving is a mode of underwater diving where the diver uses a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) which is completely independent of surface supply, to breathe underwater.

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Second-harmonic generation

Second harmonic generation (also called frequency doubling or SHG) is a nonlinear optical process in which two photons with the same frequency interact with a nonlinear material, are "combined", and generate a new photon with twice the energy of the initial photons (equivalently, twice the frequency and half the wavelength).

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Seidel test

The Seidel Test is used to assess the presence of anterior chamber leakage in the cornea.

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Senior dog diet

Senior dog food diets are pet foods that are catered toward the senior or mature pet population.

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Sensory root of ciliary ganglion

Sensory fibers from the eyeball (the cornea, iris, and ciliary body) run posteriorly through the short ciliary nerves and pass through the ciliary ganglion without forming synapses.

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Shark

Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head.

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Shielded metal arc welding

Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), also known as manual metal arc welding (MMA or MMAW), flux shielded arc welding or informally as stick welding, is a manual arc welding process that uses a consumable electrode covered with a flux to lay the weld.

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Short ciliary nerves

The branches of the ciliary ganglion are the short ciliary nerves.

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Short-beaked echidna

The short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) is one of four living species of echidna and the only member of the genus Tachyglossus.

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SightLife

SightLife is an eye bank, a non-profit organization that obtains, medically evaluates and distributes corneas donated by individuals for use in corneal transplantation, research, and education.

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Signs and symptoms of Graves' disease

Virtually all the signs and symptoms of Graves' disease result from the direct and indirect effects of hyperthyroidism, with exceptions being Graves' ophthalmopathy, goitre and pretibial myxedema (which are caused by the autoimmune processes of Graves' disease).

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Silver dapple gene

The silver or silver dapple (Z) gene is a dilution gene that affects the black base coat color.

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Simple eye in invertebrates

A simple eye (sometimes called a pigment pit) refers to a type of eye form or optical arrangement that contains a single lens.

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Sir William Bowman, 1st Baronet

Sir William Bowman, 1st Baronet (20 July 1816 – 29 March 1892) was an English surgeon, histologist and anatomist.

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Slit lamp

The slit lamp is an instrument consisting of a high-intensity light source that can be focused to shine a thin sheet of light into the eye.

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Smallpox

Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor.

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Snake

Snakes are elongated, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes.

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Snake venom

Snake venom is highly modified saliva containing zootoxins which facilitates the immobilization and digestion of prey, and defense against threats.

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Snowflake (gorilla)

Snowflake (Floquet de Neu, Copito de Nieve; c. 1964 – 2003) was an albino Western lowland gorilla.

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Sodium bifluoride

Sodium bifluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula NaHF2.

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Sodium hyaluronate

Sodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a glycosaminoglycan found in various connective tissue of humans.

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Solid lipid nanoparticle

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are a new pharmaceutical delivery system or pharmaceutical formulation.

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Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1

Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1 or sVEGFR-1) is a tyrosine kinase protein with antiangiogenic properties.

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South Asian river dolphin

The South Asian river dolphin (Platanista gangetica) is an endangered freshwater or river dolphin found in the Indian subcontinent which is split into two subspecies, the Ganges river dolphin (P. g. gangetica)(~3,500 individuals) and the Indus river dolphin (P. g. minor)(~1,500 individuals).

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Special senses

In medicine and anatomy, the special senses are the senses that have specialized organs devoted to them.

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Specialized pro-resolving mediators

Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM, also termed specialized proresolving mediators) are a large and growing class of cell signaling molecules formed in cells by the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by one or a combination of lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzymes.

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Sperm whale

The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) or cachalot is the largest of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator.

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Spitting cobra

A spitting cobra is any of several species of cobras that can project venom from their fangs when defending themselves.

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Squint

Squinting is the action of looking at something with partially closed eyes.

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Sri Lanka Eye Donation Society

Sri Lanka Eye Donation Society (ශ්‍රී ලංකා අක්ෂිදාන සංගමය, இலங்கை கண் தானச்சங்கம்) is a non-governmental organization involved in donating human eyes and tissues for transplantation.

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Stairway to Heaven (2003 TV series)

Stairway to Heaven is a 2003 South Korean television series starring Choi Ji-woo, Kwon Sang-woo, Kim Tae-hee, and Shin Hyun-joon.

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Staphyloma

A staphyloma is an abnormal protrusion of the uveal tissue through a weak point in the eyeball.

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Statue of Ebih-Il

The Statue of Ebih-Il is a 25th-century BC statue of the praying figure of Ebih-Il, superintendent of the ancient city-state of Mari in eastern Syria.

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Stem cell

Stem cells are biological cells that can differentiate into other types of cells and can divide to produce more of the same type of stem cells.

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Stem-cell therapy

Stem-cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition.

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Steve Yzerman

Stephen Gregory Yzerman (born May 9, 1965) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent his entire NHL playing career with the Detroit Red Wings and is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame.

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Stimulus modality

Stimulus modality, also called sensory modality, is one aspect of a stimulus or what we perceive after a stimulus.

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Stroma of cornea

The substantia propria (or stroma of cornea) is fibrous, tough, unyielding, and perfectly transparent.

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Stuart Scott

Stuart Orlando Scott (July 19, 1965 – January 4, 2015) was an American sportscaster and anchor on ESPN, most notably on SportsCenter.

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Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid (alternative spelling sulphuric acid) is a mineral acid with molecular formula H2SO4.

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Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis

Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis is an ocular disease characterized by episodes of recurrent inflammation of the superior cornea and limbus, as well as of the superior tarsal and bulbar conjunctiva.

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Surface ectoderm

The surface ectoderm (or external ectoderm) forms the following structures.

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Surgical incision

In surgery, a surgical incision is a cut made through the skin and soft tissue to facilitate an operation or procedure.

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Svyatoslav Fyodorov

Svyatoslav Nikolayevich Fyodorov (born August 8, 1927 – June 2, 2000) was a Russian ophthalmologist, politician, professor, full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

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Synechia (eye)

A synechia is an eye condition where the iris adheres to either the cornea (i.e. anterior synechia) or lens (i.e. posterior synechia).

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Synodus intermedius

Synodus intermedius, (common sand diver), at NCBI at FishBase is a species of fish in the lizardfish family, Synodontidae, a basal ray-finned fish in the class Actinopterygii.

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Table of epithelia of human organs

This table lists the epithelia of different organs of the human body Category:Human anatomy.

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Tache noir

Tache noir may refer to.

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Tache noir de la sclerotique

Tache noire de la sclerotique (French for Black spot of the sclera) is one of the ocular signs of death in which a reddish-brown discoloration is transversely arranged across the sclera.

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Tafluprost

Tafluprost (trade names Taflotan by Santen Pharmaceutical and Zioptan by Merck in the US) is a prostaglandin analogue.

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Tangier disease

Tangier disease (also known as Familial alpha-lipoprotein deficiency) or hypoalphalipoproteinemia is a rare inherited disorder characterized by a severe reduction in the amount of high density lipoprotein (HDL), often referred to as "good cholesterol", in the bloodstream.

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Tapir

A tapir is a large, herbivorous mammal, similar in shape to a pig, with a short, prehensile nose trunk.

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Tarantula

Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy arachnids belonging to the Theraphosidae family of spiders, of which about 900 species have been identified.

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Tarsorrhaphy

Tarsorrhaphy is a surgical procedure in which the eyelids are partially sewn together to narrow the eyelid opening.

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Taste

Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system.

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Tear gas

Tear gas, formally known as a lachrymator agent or lachrymator (from the Latin lacrima, meaning "tear"), sometimes colloquially known as mace,"Mace" is a brand name for a tear gas spray is a chemical weapon that causes severe eye and respiratory pain, skin irritation, bleeding, and even blindness.

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Tears

Tearing, lacrimation, or lachrymation is the secretion of tears, which often serves to clean and lubricate the eyes in response to an irritation of the eyes.

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Tetrachromacy

Tetrachromacy is the condition of possessing four independent channels for conveying color information, or possessing four types of cone cells in the eye.

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Texhnolyze

is a Japanese anime television series directed by Hiroshi Hamasaki, from a screenplay by Chiaki Konaka, and produced by Yasuyuki Ueda, with original character design by Yoshitoshi ABe.

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The Apprentice (U.S. season 12)

The Celebrity Apprentice 5 (also known as The Apprentice 12) is the fifth installment of the reality game show Celebrity Apprentice.

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The Eye (2008 film)

The Eye is a 2008 American supernatural horror film directed by David Moreau and Xavier Palud, scripted by Sebastian Gutierrez, and starring Jessica Alba, Parker Posey, Alessandro Nivola, and Rade Šerbedžija.

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The Invisible Man

The Invisible Man is a science fiction novel by H. G. Wells.

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The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency (season 1)

This article contains episode summaries and other information pertaining to the first season of the reality television series The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency.

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The Killer (1989 film)

The Killer is a 1989 Hong Kong action film written and directed by John Woo, and starring Chow Yun-fat, Danny Lee and Sally Yeh.

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The University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary

The Illinois Eye & Ear Infirmary (IEEI) is a center of ophthalmology and otolaryngology research and clinical practice.

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Theo Seiler

Theo Seiler (born February 12, 1949 in Ravensburg, Germany) is a German ophthalmologist and physicist.

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Theodor Axenfeld

Karl Theodor Paul Polykarpus Axenfeld (24 June 1867 – 29 July 1930) was a German ophthalmologist born in Smyrna (İzmir) in the Ottoman Empire to a German minister, who was a Jewish convert to Christianity and served as missionary in Asia Minor.

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Thermoreceptor

A thermoreceptor is a non-specialised sense receptor, or more accurately the receptive portion of a sensory neuron, that codes absolute and relative changes in temperature, primarily within the innocuous range.

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Thiel–Behnke dystrophy

Thiel–Behnke dystrophy, or Corneal dystrophy of Bowman layer, type II, is a rare form of corneal dystrophy affecting the layer that supports corneal epithelium.

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Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy

Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy (TSPK; also Thygeson Superficial Punctate Keratitis) is a disease of the eyes.

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Time of occurrence

In forensic investigation, the time of occurrence of an event (such as time of death, time of incident) is one of the most important things to determine accurately as soon as possible.

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Tissue culture

Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells separate from the organism.

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Tobramycin/dexamethasone

Tobramycin/dexamethasone (INNs, trade name Tobradex, Tobrason in Jordan) is a prescription medication in the form of eye drops and eye ointment, marketed by Alcon.

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Topical anesthetic

A topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic that is used to numb the surface of a body part.

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Topography

Topography is the study of the shape and features of the surface of the Earth and other observable astronomical objects including planets, moons, and asteroids.

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Toralizumab

Toralizumab (IDEC 131) was a humanized monoclonal antibody and an immunosuppressive drug.

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Total internal reflection

Total internal reflection is the phenomenon which occurs when a propagated wave strikes a medium boundary at an angle larger than a particular critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface.

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Trabecular meshwork

The trabecular meshwork is an area of tissue in the eye located around the base of the cornea, near the ciliary body, and is responsible for draining the aqueous humor from the eye via the anterior chamber (the chamber on the front of the eye covered by the cornea).

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Trachoma

Trachoma is an infectious disease caused by bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis.

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Transketolase

Transketolase encoded by the TKT gene is an enzyme of both the pentose phosphate pathway in all organisms and the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis.

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Transplantable organs and tissues

Transplantable organs and tissues may both refer to organs and tissues that are relatively often or routinely transplanted (here "main organs and tissues"), as well as relatively seldom transplanted organs and tissues and ones on the experimental stage.

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Travoprost

Travoprost ophthalmic solution is a topical medication used for controlling the progression of glaucoma or ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure.

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Trephine

A trephine (from Greek trypanon, meaning an instrument for boring) is a surgical instrument with a cylindrical blade.

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Trichiasis

Trichiasis a medical term for abnormally positioned eyelashes that grow back toward the eye, touching the cornea or conjunctiva.

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Trichosomoididae

The Trichosomoididae is a family of nematodes.

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Trifluridine

Trifluridine (also called trifluorothymidine or TFT) is an anti-herpesvirus antiviral drug, used primarily on the eye.

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Trilobite

Trilobites (meaning "three lobes") are a fossil group of extinct marine arachnomorph arthropods that form the class Trilobita.

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Trudy Monk

Trudy Anne Ellison Monk is the beloved deceased wife of Adrian Monk on the television series Monk.

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Tsuyoshi Kohsaka

is a Japanese mixed martial artist and professional wrestler who most recently competed in the Heavyweight division of RIZIN.

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Tuatara

Tuatara are reptiles endemic to New Zealand.

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Turner syndrome

Turner syndrome (TS), also known as 45,X or 45,X0, is a condition in which a female is partly or completely missing an X chromosome.

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Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.

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Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation

Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) is a disinfection method that uses short-wavelength ultraviolet (UV-C) light to kill or inactivate microorganisms by destroying nucleic acids and disrupting their DNA, leaving them unable to perform vital cellular functions.

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UltraVision

UltraVision CLPL is a contact lens manufacturer, with headquarters in Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, England.

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Underwater camouflage

Underwater camouflage is the set of methods of achieving crypsis—avoidance of observation—that allows otherwise visible aquatic organisms to remain unnoticed by other organisms such as predators or prey.

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Underwater vision

Underwater, things are less visible because of lower levels of natural illumination caused by rapid attenuation of light with distance passed through the water.

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Unidentified flying object

An unidentified flying object or "UFO" is an object observed in the sky that is not readily identified.

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University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid

In 1985, a raid took place at a laboratory belonging to the University of California, Riverside (UCR) that resulted in the removal of a monkey by the Animal Liberation Front.

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Urbach–Wiethe disease

Urbach–Wiethe disease (also known as lipoid proteinosis and hyalinosis cutis et mucosae) is a rare recessive genetic disorder, with approximately 400 reported cases since its discovery.

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USS Tawasa (AT-92)

USS Tawasa (AT-92) was a constructed for the United States Navy during World War II.

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Uveitis

Uveitis is the inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented layer that lies between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea.

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V. S. Sangwan

Virender Singh Sangwan (born 22 August 1964) is an Indian ophthalmologist and the Dr.

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Vaccinia

Vaccinia virus (VACV or VV) is a large, complex, enveloped virus belonging to the poxvirus family.

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Van Herick technique

The Van Herick technique is an eye examination method used to determine the size of the anterior chamber angle of the eye.

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Vandana Jain

Vandana Jain is an Indian Cornea, Cataract and Lasik Eye Specialist.

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Vandetanib

Vandetanib (INN, trade name Caprelsa) is an anti-cancer drug that is used for the treatment of certain tumours of the thyroid gland.

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Vertex distance

Vertex distance is the distance between the back surface of a corrective lens, i.e. glasses (spectacles) or contact lenses, and the front of the cornea.

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Vibrio anguillarum

Vibrio anguillarum is a species of Gram-negative bacteria with a curved-rod shape and one polar flagellum.

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Vision in fishes

Vision is an important sensory system for most species of fish.

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Visual acuity

Visual acuity (VA) commonly refers to the clarity of vision.

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Visual perception

Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum reflected by the objects in the environment.

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Visual prosthesis

A visual prosthesis, often referred to as a bionic eye, is an experimental visual device intended to restore functional vision in those suffering from partial or total blindness.

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Visual system

The visual system is the part of the central nervous system which gives organisms the ability to process visual detail, as well as enabling the formation of several non-image photo response functions.

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Vitreous body

The vitreous body is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates.

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Welder

A welder or lit operator is a tradesperson who specializes in fusing materials together.

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Welding

Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing fusion, which is distinct from lower temperature metal-joining techniques such as brazing and soldering, which do not melt the base metal.

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Welding goggles

Welding goggles provide a degree of eye protection while some forms of welding and cutting are being done.

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Welding helmet

A welding helmet is a type of headgear used when performing certain types of welding to protect the eyes, face and neck from flash burn, ultraviolet light, sparks, infrared light, and heat.

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Welsh Springer Spaniel

The Welsh Springer Spaniel is a breed of dog and a member of the spaniel family.

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Wheat germ agglutinin

Wheat germ agglutinin or WGA is a lectin that protects wheat (Triticum vulgaris) from insects, yeast and bacteria.

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Wilson's disease

Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder in which copper builds up in the body.

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Winchester syndrome

Winchester syndrome is a rare congenital connective tissue disease described in 1969, of which the main characteristics are short stature, marked contractures of joints, opacities in the cornea, coarse facial features, dissolution of the carpal and tarsal bones (in the hands and feet, respectively), and osteoporosis.

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World Association of Eye Hospitals

The World Association of Eye Hospitals (WAEH) is a worldwide network of leading hospitals, Founded in 2007 in Rotterdam, It promotes ophthalmology practice through social outreach and information on eye care and health administration.

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Wratten number

Wratten numbers are a labeling system for optical filters, usually for photographic use comprising a number sometimes followed by a letter.

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Xanthine oxidase

Xanthine oxidase (XO, sometimes XAO) is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species.

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Yao Beina

Yao Beina (26 September 1981 – 16 January 2015), also known as Bella Yao, was a Chinese singer.

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Yves Pouliquen

Yves Pouliquen (born 17 February 1931 in Mortain, France) is a doctor.

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Zeeshan Anis Siddiqui

Zeeshan Siddiqui is a citizen of the United Kingdom, who was apprehended in Pakistan after he fell under suspicion of being associated with terrorism.

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Zernike polynomials

In mathematics, the Zernike polynomials are a sequence of polynomials that are orthogonal on the unit disk.

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1967–68 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team

The 1967–68 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team won UCLA's fourth NCAA National Basketball Championship under head coach John R. Wooden with a win over North Carolina.

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1977 in music

This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1977.

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2005 Iditarod

The ceremonial start of the 33rd annual Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race across the US state of Alaska began in Anchorage on March 5, 2005 at 10 am AKST (19:00 UTC), and restarted in Willow the next day at 2 pm (23:00 UTC).

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2013 in science

A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2013, including the discovery of numerous Earthlike exoplanets, the development of viable lab-grown ears, teeth, livers and blood vessels, and the atmospheric entry of the most destructive meteor since 1908.

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2018 in science

A number of significant scientific events have occurred or are scheduled to occur in 2018.

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2018 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 2018 in the United Kingdom.

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Redirects here:

Corneal, Corneal deposits, Corneal disease, Corneal diseases.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornea

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