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Count palatine

Index Count palatine

Count palatine is a high noble title, used to render several comital (of or relating to a count or earl) styles, in some cases also shortened to Palatine, which can have other meanings as well. [1]

389 relations: Abbreviator, Adalard of Paris, Adalbero I of Metz, Adalbert of Hamburg, Adelaide of Paris, Adolf I of Lotharingia, Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Affligem Abbey, Agatha Christine of Hanau-Lichtenberg, Albert III, Count of Gorizia, Albrecht von Wallenstein, Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, Alix, Princess Napoléon, Almanach de Gotha, Altena, Altenburg, Amalie of Brandenburg, Amberg, Andreas Vesalius, Angelo Geraldini, Anna of Sweden (1545–1610), Annals of Quedlinburg, Anne Christine of Sulzbach, Princess of Piedmont, Anne Gonzaga, Anscar of Spoleto, Anscarids, Aribo of Austria, Aribonids, Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria, Asswiller, Austrebertha, Ó Ceallaigh, Čelnik, Badia, South Tyrol, Battle of Langensalza (1075), Battle of Legnica, Battle of Roncevaux Pass, Beatrix of Baden, Beloš, Bensheim, Bernard II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, Bernhard II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, Berthold I of Istria, Bertrada of Prüm, Bolesław I the Brave, Bolesław III Wrymouth, Boniface III, Margrave of Tuscany, Branda da Castiglione, Brandenburg-Prussia, Brauneberg, ..., Brauweiler Abbey, Breitenstein Castle, Burgher arms, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm, 1st Prince of Leiningen, Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken, Carolingian Empire, Casimirianum, Neustadt, Catherine of Sweden, Countess Palatine of Kleeburg, Charles de Beaupoil, comte de Saint-Aulaire, Charles X Gustav of Sweden, Charles XII of Sweden, Charles, Prince Napoléon, Château de La Petite-Pierre, Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, Chrodbert (count palatine of Chlothar III), Clan Ostoja, Claude-François de Payan, Coat of arms of Saxony, Collegium Sapientiae, Conrad I, Duke of Bavaria, Conrad III of Germany, Conrad, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Corsini family, Count, Count of Paris, Count Palatine William of Gelnhausen, Countess Palatine Dorothea of Simmern, Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg, Countess Palatine Maria Anna of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld, Counts of Montfort, County of Geneva, County of Veldenz, County palatine, County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos, County Palatine of Tübingen, Cristoforo di Messisbugo, Cyprián Karásek Lvovický, Daniel Brendel von Homburg, David Pareus, Desa (monarch), Desloch, Dimitrije (veliki čelnik), Dingle, Duchy of Bavaria, Duchy of Berg, Duchy of Franconia, Duchy of Friedland, Duchy of Luxemburg, Duchy of Modena and Reggio, Duchy of Swabia, Duisburg, Duke in Bavaria, Duke's Chair, Eberbach (Baden), Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg, Eckenroth, Edingen-Neckarhausen, Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York, Ehrenburg (Brodenbach), Eighth Council of Toledo, Eilika of Saxony, Electoral Palatinate, Electoral Rhenish Circle, Ellerstadt, Elmstein Castle, Engelbert II, Count of Gorizia, Ensdorf Abbey, Ensheim, Erchanger, Duke of Swabia, Erenfried II, Esteban Gabriel Merino, Ezzo, Count Palatine of Lotharingia, Ezzonids, Fürst, Fieschi family, Flanaess, Fouday, Francesco Rognoni Taeggio, Frederick Bernard, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen, Frederick I, Duke of Swabia, Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine, Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, Frederick VII, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Géraud Michel de Pierredon, Genevieve of Brabant, Genovevaburg, German heraldry, German nobility, German royal election, 1002, Gian Giorgio Trissino, Ginsweiler, Giovanni Aliprandi, Giselbert I of Bergamo, Graben von Stein, Graf, Grafschaft, Grand Principality of Serbia, Gräfenstein Castle, Gregory I, Count of Tusculum, Großes Bruch, Gustav, Duke of Zweibrücken, Hagelloch, Hahnweiler, Haidamaka, Harzgau, Hôtel des Deux-Ponts, Heidelberg Castle, Heiligenberg (Heidelberg), Heilika of Pettendorf-Lengenfeld, Helisaeus Roeslin, Hellicha of Wittelsbach, Henry de Bracton, Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse, Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry III, Margrave of Meissen, Henry the Bearded, Henry VI, Count of Gorizia, Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor, Herbert of Wetterau, Herman I, Count Palatine of Lotharingia, Herman II (archbishop of Cologne), Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia, Herzog Ernst, Hieronymus Bock, History of Bavaria, History of Bratislava, History of Frankfurt am Main, History of Galicia (Eastern Europe), History of Germany, History of Poland during the Piast dynasty, Hohennagold Castle, Hohenstaufen, Holzgerlingen, House of al-Dahdah, House of Borghese, House of Este, House of Gorizia, House of Limburg-Stirum, House of Ventimiglia, House of Wittelsbach, Hubert, Duke of Spoleto, Hubertus, Hugbert of Bavaria, Hugobert, Imperial Count, Imperial Count Palatine, Imperial County of Ortenburg, Imperial Estate, Imperial Palace, Gelnhausen, Interregnum (HRE), Irmina of Oeren, Jacob Chimarrhaeus, Jakob Balde, Jakob Christmann, Jan Marek Marci, Johann Kasimir Kolbe von Wartenberg, Johann Reinhard II, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg, John Casimir of the Palatinate-Simmern, John Charles, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen, John I, Archbishop of Trier, John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, John Meinhard VII, Count of Gorizia, John, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen, Justus Henning Böhmer, Kaiserpfalz, Karpiński family, Kaspar, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, Katharina of Hanau, Kazelin, Kösseine, Khazen, King of Ruthenia, Knight of Glin, Knight of the Golden Spur (Holy Roman Empire), Knight of the Golden Spur (Hungary), Knights' Revolt, La Tour d'Auvergne, Landgrave, Landgraviate of Brabant, Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt, Lanfranc I of Bergamo, Lenzburg Castle, Liebenau monastery, List of nicknames of European royalty and nobility: B, List of rulers of Estonia, List of Swedish monarchs, List of szlachta, List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown, Lithuanian Civil War (1389–92), Liudolf of Lotharingia, Lorenz Scholz von Rosenau, Los caprichos, Louis I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia, Ludwig Anton von Pfalz-Neuburg, Luitpold, Margrave of Bavaria, Luitpoldings, Mannheim Palace, March of Styria, Marchtal Abbey, Margaret of Hanau (1452-1467), Margaritus of Brindisi, Margrave, Maria Euphrosyne of Zweibrücken, Mariental Abbey, Maryland Army National Guard, Maryland General Assembly, Matilda of Germany, Countess Palatine of Lotharingia, Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, Meine Liebe, Meinhard I, Count of Gorizia, Melchior Lorck, Middle Rhine, Mieszko I Tanglefoot, Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł, Millstatt, Millstatt Abbey, Minichiello (surname), Monarch, Naumburg Cathedral and the High Medieval Cultural Landscape of the Rivers Saale and Unstrut, Nepotian of Asturias, Neustadt an der Weinstraße, New Bolanden Castle, Nicolaus Mameranus, Nicolaus Reusner, Oberto I, Odo I, Count of Blois, Officer of arms, Old Wolfstein Castle, Orazio Giovan Battista Ravaschieri Fieschi, Order of the Golden Spur, Otto Henry, Elector Palatine, Otto I, Count of Burgundy, Otto I, Duke of Bavaria, Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto II, Duke of Swabia, Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto IV, Count of Scheyern, Palatinate (region), Palatine, Palatine (disambiguation), Palatine Hill, Palatine Lion, Palatine of Hungary, Palatinus in the Catholic Church, Palazzo Bonasoni, Bologna, Palgrave, Persian embassy to Europe (1609–15), Peter Agricola, Peter Martyr d'Anghiera, Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, Pons, Count of Toulouse, Ponthion, Pope Boniface IX, Portuguese Jewish community in Hamburg, Poto the Brave, Prince, Prince of Belmonte, Prince of Leiningen, Province of Maryland, Pyrmont Castle, Radič (veliki čelnik), Radoslav of Duklja, Radziwiłł family, Red Ruthenia, Regintrud, Renward Cysat, Rhenish Franconia, Richardis of Bavaria, Richelida, Richenza of Swabia, Robert I, Count of Hesbaye, Robert Shirley, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław, Romaric, Rott Abbey, Royal household under the Merovingians and Carolingians, Rudolph II, Count Palatine of Tübingen, Saint Ame, Salomea of Berg, Sargans Castle, Sarlio of Spoleto, Saxon Rebellion, Schloss Schöneck, Schlosstheater Schwetzingen, Schnorbach, Schriesheim, Seeon Abbey, Sieciech, Siegfried I, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, Sigfried, Count of the Ardennes, Sigmund Ringeck, Sophia of Wittelsbach, St. Andreas, Düsseldorf, Stahleck Castle, Steinwald, Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken, Szlachta, Tamm, Tübingen, Theophanu, Throne room, Thurant Castle, Tilemann Heshusius, Title, Tommaso Inghirami, Ulv Galiciefarer, Umkirch, Uroš I, Grand Prince of Serbia, Uroš II, Grand Prince of Serbia, Valmarana family, Vićenco Vuković, Virneburg Castle, Vito D'Anna, Vladislaus II of Opole, Voivodeships of Poland, Von Graben family tree, Wahlheim, Waldsteinburg, War of the Succession of Landshut, Władysław I Herman, Wellingsbüttel Manor, Wendelsheim, White Knight (Fitzgibbon family), William, Margrave of Meissen, Wittelsbach Castle, Wolfgang of the Palatinate, Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg, Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, Worms, Germany, Wormsgau, Zeme, Lombardy, 1140, 921, 947, 962, 975. Expand index (339 more) »

Abbreviator

An Abbreviator (plural "Abbreviators" in English and "Abbreviatores" in Latin) or Breviator was a writer of the Papal Chancery who adumbrated and prepared in correct form Papal bulls, briefs, and consistorial decrees before these were written out in extenso by the scriptores.

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Adalard of Paris

Adalard (or Adalhard) of Paris (c. 830 – 890) was the eighth Count of Paris and a Count palatine.

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Adalbero I of Metz

Adalbero I of Metz (? - (?)26 April 962) was an important member of the clergy during the middle years of the tenth century, serving as Bishop of Metz from 929 till 954.

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Adalbert of Hamburg

Adalbert (also Adelbert or Albert; c. 1000 – 16 March 1072) was Archbishop of Hamburg and Bishop of Bremen from 1043 until his death.

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Adelaide of Paris

Adélaïde of Paris (or Aélis) (c. 850/853 – 10 November 901) was a Frankish queen.

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Adolf I of Lotharingia

Adolf I of Lotharingia, count of Keldachgau, Vogt of Deutz from 1008 until 1018, was the son of Hermann I "Pusillus" (the Little Pfalzgraf), count palatine of Lotharingia.

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Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine

Adolf of the Rhine (Adolf der Redliche von der Pfalz) (27 September 1300, Wolfratshausen – 29 January 1327, Neustadt) from the house of Wittelsbach was formally Count Palatine of the Rhine in 1319–1327.

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Affligem Abbey

Affligem Abbey is a Benedictine monastery in the municipality of Affligem, Flemish Brabant, Belgium, to the north-west of Brussels.

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Agatha Christine of Hanau-Lichtenberg

Countess Agatha Christine of Hanau-Lichtenberg (23 September 1632 in Buchsweiler (now Bouxwiller in France) – 5 December 1681 in Straßburg (now Strasbourg, in France); buried in Lützelstein (now La Petite-Pierre, France)) was a daughter of Count Philip Wolfgang (1595-1641) and his wife, Countess Johanna of Oettingen (1602-1639).

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Albert III, Count of Gorizia

Albert III (died), a member of the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner dynasty), ruled as Count of Gorizia from 1338 until his death.

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Albrecht von Wallenstein

Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein (Albrecht Václav Eusebius z Valdštejna; 24 September 158325 February 1634),Schiller, Friedrich.

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Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

Alexander of Zweibrücken (Pfalzgraf Alexander von Zweibrücken "der Hinkende") (26 November 1462 – 21 October 1514) was Count Palatine and Duke of Zweibrücken and of Veldenz in 1489–1514.

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Alix, Princess Napoléon

Alix, Princess Napoléon (née de Foresta; born 4 April 1926) was the wife of Louis, Prince Napoléon, claimant to the Imperial throne of France of the House of Bonaparte from 1926 until his death.

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Almanach de Gotha

The Almanach de Gotha (Gothaischer Hofkalender) was a directory of Europe's royalty and higher nobility, also including the major governmental, military and diplomatic corps, as well as statistical data by country.

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Altena

Altena is a town in the district of Märkischer Kreis, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Altenburg

Altenburg is a city in Thuringia, Germany, located south of Leipzig, west of Dresden and east of Erfurt.

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Amalie of Brandenburg

Amalie of Brandenburg (born: 1 October 1461 on the Plassenburg; died: 3 September 1481 in Baden-Baden) was Princess of Brandenburg by birth and by marriage Countess Palatine and Duchess of Zweibrücken and Veldenz.

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Amberg

Amberg is a town in Bavaria, Germany.

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Andreas Vesalius

Andreas Vesalius (31 December 1514 – 15 October 1564) was a 16th-century Flemish anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body).

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Angelo Geraldini

Count Angelo Geraldini (1422–1486) was an Italian humanist and diplomat, who became a bishop.

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Anna of Sweden (1545–1610)

Princess Anna of Sweden (Anna Gustavsdotter; 19 June 1545 – 20 March 1610), also known as Anna Maria and Anne Marie, was a Countess Palatine consort of Veldenz by marriage to George John I, Count Palatine of Veldenz.

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Annals of Quedlinburg

The Annals of Quedlinburg (Saxonicae Annales Quedlinburgenses, Quedlinburger Annalen) were written between 1008 and 1030 in the convent of Quedlinburg Abbey.

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Anne Christine of Sulzbach, Princess of Piedmont

Anne Christine of Sulzbach, Princess of Piedmont (Anne Christine Louise; 5 February 1704 – 12 March 1723), also called Christine of the Palatinate, was a princess of the Bavarian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire and first wife of Charles Emmanuel of Savoy, Prince of Piedmont, heir to the throne of the kingdom of Sardinia.

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Anne Gonzaga

Anna Gonzaga (Anna Marie; 1616 – 6 July 1684) was an Italian French noblewoman and salonist.

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Anscar of Spoleto

Anscar (Italian Anscario; died 940) was a magnate in the Kingdom of Italy who served as Count of Pavia (c.924–29), Margrave of Ivrea (929–36) and Duke of Spoleto (936–40).

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Anscarids

The Anscarids (Anscarii) or the House of Ivrea were a medieval Frankish dynasty of Burgundian origin which rose to prominence in Italy in the tenth century, even briefly holding the Italian throne.

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Aribo of Austria

Aribo (or Arbo; – after 909) was margrave (comes terminalis, "frontier count") of the Carolingian March of Pannonia from 871 until his death.

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Aribonids

The Aribonids were a noble family of probably Bavarian origin who rose to preeminence in the Carolingian March of Pannonia and the later Margraviate of Austria (marcha orientalis) in the late ninth and early tenth centuries.

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Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria

Arnulf (birth unknown; died 14 July 937), also known as the Bad (der Schlimme) or the Evil (der Böse), a member of the Luitpolding dynasty, held the title of a Duke of Bavaria from about 907 until his death in 937.

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Asswiller

Asswiller (Aßweiler) is a French commune in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region of north-eastern France.

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Austrebertha

Austrebertha (Austreberta, Eustreberta, Austreberta of Pavilly) (Austreberthe) (630–704) is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church.

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Ó Ceallaigh

Ó Ceallaigh is the most influential dynasty of the ancient túath of Uí Maine, and the original Irish gaelic name for the surname commonly known as Kelly.

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Čelnik

Čelnik (челник) was a high court title in the Kingdom of Serbia, Serbian Empire and Serbian Despotate.

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Badia, South Tyrol

Badia (Abtei) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol, northern Italy.

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Battle of Langensalza (1075)

The First Battle of Langensalza was fought on 9 June 1075 between forces of King Henry IV of Germany and several rebellious Saxon noblemen on the River Unstrut near Langensalza in Thuringia.

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Battle of Legnica

The Battle of Legnica (bitwa pod Legnicą), also known as the Battle of Liegnitz (Schlacht von Liegnitz) or Battle of Wahlstatt (Schlacht bei Wahlstatt), was a battle between the Mongol Empire and the combined defending forces of European fighters that took place at Legnickie Pole (Wahlstatt) near the city of Legnica in the Silesia province of the Kingdom of Poland on 9 April 1241.

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Battle of Roncevaux Pass

The Battle of Roncevaux Pass (French and English spelling, Roncesvalles in Spanish, Orreaga in Basque) in 778 saw a large force of Basques ambush a part of Charlemagne's army in Roncevaux Pass, a high mountain pass in the Pyrenees on the present border between France and Spain, after his invasion of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Beatrix of Baden

Beatrice of Baden (22 January 1492 – 4 April 1535) was a Margravine of Baden by birth and by marriage and a Countess Palatine of Simmern.

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Beloš

Beloš (Белош; Βελούσης fl. 1141–1163), was a Serbian prince and Hungarian palatine who served as the regent of Hungary from 1141 until 1146, alongside his sister Helena, mother of the infant King Géza II.

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Bensheim

Bensheim is a town in the Bergstraße district in southern Hesse, Germany.

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Bernard II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg

Bernard II of Saxe-Lauenburg (Bernhard II.; ca. 1385/1392–16 July 1463) was a member of the House of Ascania and Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg from 1426 to 1463.

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Bernhard II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg

Bernhard II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg (ca. 1260 – aft. 26 December 1323), was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Bernburg.

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Berthold I of Istria

Berthold III (– 14 December 1188), a member of the Bavarian House of Andechs, was Margrave of Istria (as Berthold I) from 1173 until his death.

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Bertrada of Prüm

Bertrada (b. ca. 670; d. after 721), also called Berthe or Bertree, is known to be the mother of Charibert of Laon, with whom she is co-founder and benefactor of the Prüm Abbey.

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Bolesław I the Brave

Bolesław I the Brave (Bolesław I Chrobry, Boleslav Chrabrý; 967 – 17 June 1025), less often known as Bolesław I the Great (Bolesław I Wielki), was Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025, and the first King of Poland in 1025.

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Bolesław III Wrymouth

Bolesław III Wrymouth (also known as Boleslaus III the Wry-mouthed, Bolesław III Krzywousty) (20 August 1086 – 28 October 1138), was a Duke of Lesser Poland, Silesia and Sandomierz between 1102 and 1107 and over the whole Poland between 1107 and 1138.

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Boniface III, Margrave of Tuscany

Boniface III (also Boniface IV or Boniface of Canossa) (c. 985 – 6 May 1052), son of Tedald of Canossa and the father of Matilda of Canossa, was the most powerful north Italian prince of his age.

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Branda da Castiglione

Branda da Castiglione (Castiglione Olona, 4 February 1350 – Castiglione Olona, February 1443) was an early Italian humanist, a papal diplomat and a Roman Catholic cardinal, or pseudo-Cardinal, as he was raised to the cardinalate by John XXIII, later declared an anti-pope.

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Brandenburg-Prussia

Brandenburg-Prussia (Brandenburg-Preußen) is the historiographic denomination for the Early Modern realm of the Brandenburgian Hohenzollerns between 1618 and 1701.

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Brauneberg

Brauneberg is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Brauweiler Abbey

Brauweiler Abbey (German: Abtei Brauweiler) is a former Benedictine monastery located at Brauweiler, now in Pulheim near Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, in Germany.

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Breitenstein Castle

The ruins of Breitenstein Castle (Burg Breitenstein) stand on a crag, high, on the northern side of the Speyerbach valley in the Palatine Forest in Germany.

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Burgher arms

Burgher arms are coats of arms borne by persons of the burgher social class of Europe (usually called bourgeois in English) since the Middle Ages.

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Carl Friedrich Wilhelm, 1st Prince of Leiningen

Carl Friedrich Wilhelm, Prince of Leiningen (Fürst zu Leiningen) (14 August 1724 – 9 January 1807) was a German nobleman.

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Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken

Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken (12 August 1704 – 25 March 1774) was Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken by marriage.

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Carolingian Empire

The Carolingian Empire (800–888) was a large empire in western and central Europe during the early Middle Ages.

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Casimirianum, Neustadt

The Casimirianum in Neustadt an der Haardt (currently Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Rheinland-Pfalz) was a Reformed academy, which was founded in 1578 by Count Palatine Johann Casimir and named after him.

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Catherine of Sweden, Countess Palatine of Kleeburg

Catherine of Sweden (Swedish: Katarina av Sverige) (10 November 1584 – 13 December 1638) was a Swedish princess and a Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken as the consort of her second cousin John Casimir of Palatinate-Zweibrücken.

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Charles de Beaupoil, comte de Saint-Aulaire

Auguste-Félix-Charles de Beaupoil, comte de Saint-Aulaire (born 13 August 1866 at Angoulême; died 26 September 1954 in Périgord) was a French aristocrat, diplomat, author and historian.

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Charles X Gustav of Sweden

Charles X Gustav, also Carl Gustav (Karl X Gustav; 8 November 1622 – 13 February 1660), was King of Sweden from 1654 until his death.

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Charles XII of Sweden

Charles XII, also Carl (Karl XII; 17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 O.S.), Latinized to Carolus Rex, was the King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718.

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Charles, Prince Napoléon

Charles, Prince Napoléon (Charles Marie Jérôme Victor Napoléon; born 19 October 1950) is a French politician, and is recognised by some Bonapartists as the head of the Imperial House of France and as heir to the rights and legacy established by his great-great-grand-uncle, Emperor Napoléon I. Other Bonapartists consider his son, Jean-Christophe, to be the current head of the house and heir.

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Château de La Petite-Pierre

The Château de la Petite-Pierre, Burg Lützelstein (German) is a castle in the commune of La Petite-Pierre (German: Lützelstein) in the Bas-Rhin département of France, in Alsace (German: Elsass).

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Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

Christian IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (6 September 1722 in Bischweiler – 5 November 1775 in Herschweiler-Pettersheim) was Duke of Zweibrücken from 1735 to 1775.

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Chrodbert (count palatine of Chlothar III)

Chrodbert (also known as Chrodbert II or Robert II to distinguish him from his great-uncle known sometimes as Chrodbert I) (d. after 678) was a nobleman from Neustria.

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Clan Ostoja

Clan Ostoja (ancient Polish: Ostoya) was a powerful group of knights and lords in late-medieval Europe.

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Claude-François de Payan

Claude-François de Payan (14 May 1766, Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux - 28 July 1794, Paris) was a political figure of the French Revolution.

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Coat of arms of Saxony

The coat of arms of the present-day German free state of Saxony shows a ninefold horizontally-partitioned (Barry) field of black (Sable) and gold/yellow (Or) stripes, Accessed 2009-05-19.

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Collegium Sapientiae

The Collegium Sapientiae (Sapience College; College of Wisdom; Sapienzkolleg; Sapienz; Sapienz-Collegium) was a preparatory academy and later theological seminary in Heidelberg in the early modern period.

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Conrad I, Duke of Bavaria

Conrad I (1020 – 5 December 1055), also known as Cuno or Kuno, was the duke of Bavaria from 1049 to 1053.

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Conrad III of Germany

Conrad III (1093 – 15 February 1152) was the first King of Germany of the Hohenstaufen dynasty.

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Conrad, Count Palatine of the Rhine

Conrad of Hohenstaufen (– 8 November 1195) was the first hereditary Count Palatine of the Rhine.

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Corsini family

Corsini is the name of a Florentine princely family.

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Count

Count (Male) or Countess (Female) is a title in European countries for a noble of varying status, but historically deemed to convey an approximate rank intermediate between the highest and lowest titles of nobility.

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Count of Paris

Count of Paris was a title for the local magnate of the district around Paris in Carolingian times.

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Count Palatine William of Gelnhausen

Count Palatine William of Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen (4 January 1701 in Gelnhausen – 25 December 1760 in The Hague) was a titular Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld and an Imperial Field Marshal.

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Countess Palatine Dorothea of Simmern

Countess Palatine Dorothea of Simmern (6 January 1581 – 18 September 1631) was a Countess Palatine of Simmern by birth and Princess of Anhalt-Dessau by marriage.

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Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg

Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg (Dorothea Sophie; 5 July 1670 – 15 September 1748) was Duchess of Parma from 1695 to 1727.

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Countess Palatine Maria Anna of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld

Countess Palatine Maria Anna of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (18 July 1753 – 4 February 1824) was Countess Palatine of Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen and Duchess in Bavaria, through her marriage to Duke Wilhelm in Bavaria.

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Counts of Montfort

The Counts of Montfort were a German noble dynasty from Swabia.

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County of Geneva

The County of Geneva, largely corresponding to the later Genevois province, originated in the tenth century, in the Burgundian Kingdom of Arles (Arelat) which fell to the Holy Roman Empire in 1032.

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County of Veldenz

The County of Veldenz was a principality in the contemporary Land Rhineland-Palatinate.

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County palatine

In England, a county palatine or palatinate was an area ruled by a hereditary nobleman enjoying special authority and autonomy from the rest of a kingdom or empire.

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County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos

The County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos existed from 1185 to 1479 as part of the Kingdom of Sicily.

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County Palatine of Tübingen

The County Palatine of Tübingen was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the medieval period.

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Cristoforo di Messisbugo

Cristoforo di Messisbugo or Cristoforo da Messisbugo (15th century – 1548) was a steward of the House of Este in Ferrara and an Italian cook of the Renaissance.

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Cyprián Karásek Lvovický

Cyprián Karásek Lvovický (of Lvovice) (Czech: Cyprián Karásek Lvovický ze Lvovic, German: Cyprian von Leowitz, Latin: Cyprianus Leovitius) (July 8, 1514? in Hradec Králové – 1574 in Lauingen) was a Bohemian astronomer, mathematician and astrologer.

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Daniel Brendel von Homburg

Daniel Brendel of Homburg (Daniel Brendel von Homburg) (22 March 1522 – 22 March 1582) was the Archbishop-Elector of Mainz from 1555 to 1582.

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David Pareus

David Pareus (30 December 1548 – 15 June 1622) was a German Reformed Protestant theologian and reformer.

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Desa (monarch)

Desa (Serbian Cyrillic: Деса) was the Serbian co-ruler from 1148 to 1153, alongside his elder brother Uroš II, Grand Prince of Serbia; the Prince of Duklja, Travunija and Zahumlje from 1149 to 1162; the Grand Prince of Serbia from 1153 to 1155, and again from 1162 to 1166.

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Desloch

Desloch is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Dimitrije (veliki čelnik)

Dimitrije (Димитрије; d. 6 March 1349) was a Serbian magnate who served emperor Stefan Dušan (r. 1331–55) as veliki čelnik ("great čelnik").

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Dingle

Dingle (or Daingean Uí Chúis, meaning "fort of Ó Cúis") is a town in County Kerry, Ireland.

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Duchy of Bavaria

The Duchy of Bavaria (German: Herzogtum Bayern) was, from the sixth through the eighth century, a frontier region in the southeastern part of the Merovingian kingdom.

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Duchy of Berg

Berg was a state – originally a county, later a duchy – in the Rhineland of Germany.

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Duchy of Franconia

The Duchy of Franconia (Herzogtum Franken) was one of the five stem duchies of East Francia and the medieval Kingdom of Germany emerging in the early 10th century.

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Duchy of Friedland

Duchy of Friedland (Czech: Frýdlantské vévodství, German: Herzogtum Friedland) was a de facto sovereign duchy in Bohemia.

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Duchy of Luxemburg

The Duchy of Luxemburg (Luxembourg, Lëtzebuerg) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, the ancestral homeland of the noble House of Luxembourg.

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Duchy of Modena and Reggio

The Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Ducato di Modena e Reggio, Ducatus Mutinae et Regii) was a small northwestern Italian state that existed from 1452 to 1859, with a break during the Napoleonic Wars (1796–1814) when Emperor Napoleon I reorganized the states and republics of renaissance-era Italy, then under the domination of his French Empire.

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Duchy of Swabia

The Duchy of Swabia (German: Herzogtum Schwaben) was one of the five stem duchies of the medieval German kingdom.

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Duisburg

Duisburg (locally) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Duke in Bavaria

Duke in Bavaria (Herzog in Bayern) was a title used among others since 1506, when primogeniture was established, by all members of the House of Wittelsbach, with the exception of the Duke of Bavaria which began to be a unique position.

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Duke's Chair

The Duke's Chair, also known as the Duke's Seat (Herzogstuhl, vojvodski prestol or vojvodski stol), is a medieval stone seat dating from the ninth century and located at the Zollfeld plain near Maria Saal (Gospa Sveta) north of Klagenfurt (Celovec) in the Austrian state of Carinthia (Koroška).

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Eberbach (Baden)

Eberbach (South Franconian: Ewwerbach) is a town in Germany, in northern Baden-Württemberg, located 33 km east of Heidelberg.

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Eberhard I, Duke of Württemberg

Eberhard I of Württemberg (11 December 1445 – 24 February 1496).

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Eckenroth

Eckenroth is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Edingen-Neckarhausen

Edingen-Neckarhausen is a municipality in the district of Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York

Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York, KG (– 25 October 1415) was an English nobleman and magnate, the eldest son of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, by his first wife Isabella of Castile, and a grandson of King Edward III of England.

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Ehrenburg (Brodenbach)

The Ehrenburg is the ruin of a spur castle at in the vicinity of Brodenbach in Germany.

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Eighth Council of Toledo

The Eighth Council of Toledo commenced on 16 December 653 in the church of the Holy Apostles in Toledo.

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Eilika of Saxony

Eilika of Saxony (– 16 January 1142) was the younger daughter of Magnus, Duke of Saxony and Sophia (married 1071), a daughter of Béla I of Hungary.

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Electoral Palatinate

The County Palatine of the Rhine (Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein), later the Electorate of the Palatinate (Kurfürstentum von der Pfalz) or simply Electoral Palatinate (Kurpfalz), was a territory in the Holy Roman Empire (specifically, a palatinate) administered by the Count Palatine of the Rhine.

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Electoral Rhenish Circle

The Electoral Rhenish Circle (Kurrheinischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire, created in 1512.

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Ellerstadt

Ellerstadt is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Dürkheim district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Elmstein Castle

Elmstein Castle (Burg Elmstein) is a castle ruin built in the High Middle Ages overlooking Elmstein in the Palatinate Forest in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

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Engelbert II, Count of Gorizia

Engelbert II (died 1 April 1191), a member of the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner dynasty), was Count of Gorizia (Görz) from 1150 until his death.

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Ensdorf Abbey

Ensdorf Abbey (Kloster Ensdorf) was a house of the Benedictine Order located at Ensdorf in Bavaria in Germany.

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Ensheim

Ensheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Alzey-Worms district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Erchanger, Duke of Swabia

Erchanger (or Erchangar) (c. 860/880 – 21 January 917) was the duke of Swabia from September 915 to his death.

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Erenfried II

Erenfried II (died) was a Lotharingian nobleman, from the area of Bonn in what is now Germany.

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Esteban Gabriel Merino

Esteban Gabriel Merino (died 1535) was a Spanish Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal.

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Ezzo, Count Palatine of Lotharingia

Ezzo (– 21 March 1034), sometimes called Ehrenfried, a member of the Ezzonid dynasty, was Count Palatine of Lotharingia from 1015 until his death.

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Ezzonids

The Ezzonids were a dynasty of Lotharingian stock dating back as far as the ninth century.

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Fürst

Fürst (female form Fürstin, plural Fürsten; from Old High German furisto, "the first", a translation of the Latin princeps) is a German word for a ruler and is also a princely title.

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Fieschi family

The Fieschi were a noble merchant family from Genoa, Italy, from whom descend the Fieschi Ravaschieri Princes of Belmonte.

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Flanaess

The Flanaess is the eastern part of the continent of Oerik, one of the four continents of the fictional world of Oerth in the World of Greyhawk campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game.

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Fouday

Fouday is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

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Francesco Rognoni Taeggio

Francesco Rognoni Taeggio (born in Milan second half of the 16th century – died after 1626) was an Italian composer.

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Frederick Bernard, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen

Frederick Bernard, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen (28 May 1697 in Gelnhausen – 5 August 1739, ibid.) was Count Palatine and Duke of Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen.

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Frederick I, Duke of Swabia

Frederick I (c. 1050 – before 21 July 1105) was Duke of Swabia from 1079 to his death, the first ruler from the House of Hohenstaufen (Staufer).

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Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine

Frederick I (c. 912 – 18 May 978) was the count of Bar and duke of Upper Lorraine.

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Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (27 February 1724 in Ribeauvillé, Alsace – 15 August 1767 in Schwetzingen) was a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty.

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Frederick VII, Margrave of Baden-Durlach

Friedrich VII Magnus of Zähringen (23 September 1647 – 25 June 1709) was the Margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1677 until his death.

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Géraud Michel de Pierredon

Count Géraud Michel de Pierredon (22 April 1916, Magné - 17 November 2006, Magné, Vienne) served as Ambassador of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta to France from 1982.

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Genevieve of Brabant

Genevieve (also Genoveva or Genovefa) of Brabant is a heroine of medieval legend.

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Genovevaburg

Incorporated into medieval town fortifications, the castle of Genovevaburg stands on the southwestern side of Mayen in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

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German heraldry

German heraldry is the tradition and style of heraldic achievements in Germany and the Holy Roman Empire, including national and civic arms, noble and burgher arms, ecclesiastical heraldry, heraldic displays and heraldic descriptions.

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German nobility

The German nobility (deutscher Adel) and royalty were status groups which until 1919 enjoyed certain privileges relative to other people under the laws and customs in the German-speaking area.

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German royal election, 1002

The German royal election of 1002 was the decision on the succession which was held after the death of Emperor Otto III without heirs.

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Gian Giorgio Trissino

Gian Giorgio Trissino (8 July 1478 – 8 December 1550), also called Giovan Giorgio Trissino, was an Italian Renaissance humanist, poet, dramatist, diplomat, and grammarian.

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Ginsweiler

Ginsweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Giovanni Aliprandi

Giovanni Aliprandi (1426) was an Italian nobleman.

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Giselbert I of Bergamo

Giselbert I of Bergamo (died c.927/929) was a northern Italian nobleman.

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Graben von Stein

Graben von (zum) Stein, also named ab dem Graben, von (dem) Graben and vom Graben, is the name of an old Austrian noble family.

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Graf

Graf (male) or Gräfin (female) is a historical title of the German nobility, usually translated as "count".

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Grafschaft

A Grafschaft was originally the name given to the administrative area in the Holy Roman Empire over which a count, or Graf, presided as judge.

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Grand Principality of Serbia

Serbia (Србија / Srbija), also known as Raška (Serbian Cyrillic: Рашка, Rascia) was a Serb medieval state that comprised parts of what is today Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and southern Dalmatia, being centred in the region of Raška (hence its exonym).

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Gräfenstein Castle

Gräfenstein Castle (Burg Gräfenstein) is a ruined rock castle about east of the village of Merzalben in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

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Gregory I, Count of Tusculum

Gregory I was the Count of Tusculum sometime between 954 and 1012.

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Großes Bruch

The Großes Bruch is a long wetland strip in Germany, stretching from Oschersleben in Saxony-Anhalt in the east to Hornburg, Lower Saxony in the west.

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Gustav, Duke of Zweibrücken

Count Palatine Gustav Samuel Leopold of the House of Wittelsbach (12 April 1670, Stegeborg Castle near Söderköping, Sweden – 17 September 1731, Zweibrücken, Germany) was the Count Palatine of Kleeburg from 1701 until 1731 and the Duke of Zweibrücken from 1718 until 1731.

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Hagelloch

Hagelloch is an administrative district of Tübingen situated around three kilometres to the northwest of the town centre.

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Hahnweiler

Hahnweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Haidamaka

The haidamakas, also haidamaky or haidamaks (singular haidamaka, Гайдамаки, Haidamaky) were cossack paramilitary bands of commoners, peasants, craftsmen, former Cossacks, and impoverished noblemen in the 18th-century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Harzgau

The Harzgau was a medieval shire (Gau) in the northeastern foorhils of the Harz mountains, part of the Eastphalia region of Saxony.

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Hôtel des Deux-Ponts

The Hôtel des Deux-Ponts, formerly known as the Hôtel Gayot and currently as the Hôtel du gouverneur militaire, is a historic building located on Place Broglie on the Grande Île in the city center of Strasbourg, in the French department of the Bas-Rhin.

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Heidelberg Castle

Heidelberg Castle (Heidelberger Schloss) is a ruin in Germany and landmark of Heidelberg.

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Heiligenberg (Heidelberg)

The Heiligenberg is a wooded hill overlooking the town of Heidelberg in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Heilika of Pettendorf-Lengenfeld

Heilika of Pettendorf-Lengenfeld (also known as Eilika; – 14 September 1170; buried in Ensdorf Abbey) was by marriage Countess Palatine of Bavaria.

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Helisaeus Roeslin

Helisaeus Roeslin or Helisäus Röslin (17 January 1545, Plieningen (now part of Stuttgart) – 14 August 1616, Buchsweiler was a German physician and astrologer who adopted a geoheliocentric model of the universe. He was one of five observers who concluded that the Great Comet of 1577 was located beyond the moon. His representation of the comet, described as "an interesting, though crude, attempt," was among the earliest and was highly complex.

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Hellicha of Wittelsbach

Hellicha of Wittelsbach (Hellicha z Wittelsbachu, Heilika von Wittelsbach; - 13 August 1198), was Duchess consort of Bohemia from 1189 to 1198, married to Duke Conrad II.

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Henry de Bracton

Henry of Bracton, also Henry de Bracton, also Henricus Bracton, or Henry Bratton also Henry Bretton (c. 1210 – c. 1268) was an English cleric and jurist.

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Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse

Henry I of Hesse "the Child" (German: Heinrich das Kind) (24 June 1244 – 21 December 1308) was the first Landgrave of Hesse.

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Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor

Henry II (Heinrich II; Enrico II) (6 May 973 – 13 July 1024), also known as Saint Henry, Obl. S. B., was Holy Roman Emperor ("Romanorum Imperator") from 1014 until his death in 1024 and the last member of the Ottonian dynasty of Emperors as he had no children.

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Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor

Henry III (28 October 1016 – 5 October 1056), called the Black or the Pious, was a member of the Salian Dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors.

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Henry III, Margrave of Meissen

Henry III, called Henry the Illustrious (Heinrich der Erlauchte) (c. 1215 – 15 February 1288) from the House of Wettin was Margrave of Meissen and last Margrave of Lusatia (as Henry IV) from 1221 until his death; from 1242 also Landgrave of Thuringia.

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Henry the Bearded

Henry the Bearded (Henryk Brodaty, Heinrich der Bärtige); c. 1165/70 – 19 March 1238), of the Silesian line of the Piast dynasty, was Duke of Silesia at Wrocław from 1201 and Duke of Kraków and thus High Duke of all Poland — internally divided — from 1232 until his death.

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Henry VI, Count of Gorizia

Henry VI (1376–1454), a member of the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner dynasty), ruled as Count of Gorizia from 1385 until his death.

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Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor

Henry VII (German: Heinrich; c. 1275 – 24 August 1313)Kleinhenz, pg.

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Herbert of Wetterau

Herbert of Wetterau (c. 930 – 992) was the son of Odo of Wetterau and a daughter (presumably named Cunigunde) of Herbert I, Count of Vermandois and Bertha de Morvis.

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Herman I, Count Palatine of Lotharingia

Herman I (died 996 AD), called Pusillus or the Slender, was the Count Palatine of Lotharingia, and of several counties along the Rhine, including Bonngau, Eifelgau, Mieblgau, Zülpichgau, Keldachgau, Alzey, and Auelgau.

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Herman II (archbishop of Cologne)

Herman II (– 11 February 1056), a member of the Ezzonid dynasty, was Archbishop of Cologne from 1036 until his death.

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Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia

Hermann I (died 25 April 1217), Landgrave of Thuringia and (as Hermann III) Count Palatine of Saxony, was the second son of Louis II, Landgrave of Thuringia (the Iron), and Judith of Hohenstaufen, the sister of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa..

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Herzog Ernst

Herzog Ernst is a German epic from the early high Middle Ages (c. 1180), first written down by an anonymous author from the Rhine region.

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Hieronymus Bock

Hieronymus Bock (Latinised Tragus) (1498 – February 21, 1554) was a German botanist, physician, and Lutheran minister who began the transition from medieval botany to the modern scientific worldview by arranging plants by their relation or resemblance.

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History of Bavaria

The history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and its formation as a stem duchy in the 6th century through its inclusion in the Holy Roman Empire to its status as an independent kingdom and finally as a large Bundesland (state) of the modern Federal Republic of Germany.

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History of Bratislava

Bratislava (~1000-1919 called Pozsony/Pressburg), the capital of Slovakia and the country's largest city, enjoyed a rich and colorful history.

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History of Frankfurt am Main

The history of the city of Frankfurt am Main started on a hill at a ford in the Main River.

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History of Galicia (Eastern Europe)

With the arrival of the Hungarians into the heart of the Central European Plain around 899, Slavic tribes of Vistulans, White Croats, and Lendians found themselves under Hungarian rule.

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History of Germany

The concept of Germany as a distinct region in central Europe can be traced to Roman commander Julius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as Germania, thus distinguishing it from Gaul (France), which he had conquered.

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History of Poland during the Piast dynasty

The period of rule by the Piast dynasty between the 10th and 14th centuries is the first major stage of the history of the Polish nation.

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Hohennagold Castle

Hohennagold Castle is a ruined castle situated on a hill, the so-called Schlossberg (castle mountain), overlooking the Black Forest town of Nagold.

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Hohenstaufen

The Staufer, also known as the House of Staufen, or of Hohenstaufen, were a dynasty of German kings (1138–1254) during the Middle Ages.

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Holzgerlingen

Holzgerlingen is a municipality in the German Federal State of Baden-Württemberg.

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House of al-Dahdah

The House of al-Dahdah (also spelled El-Dahdaah, and El-Dahdah) is a noble Maronite Christian family originating from the village of Aqoura in Mount Lebanon, and whose line of descent is attested since the 14th century.

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House of Borghese

Borghese is the surname of a princely family of Italian noble and papal background, originating as the Borghese or Borghesi in Siena, where they came to prominence in the 13th century holding offices under the commune.

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House of Este

The House of Este (Casa d'Este; originally House of Welf-Este) is a European princely dynasty.

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House of Gorizia

The Counts of Gorizia (Conti di Gorizia; Grafen von Görz; Goriški grofje), or Meinhardiner, were a comital dynasty in the Holy Roman Empire, originally officials in the Patriarchate of Aquileia, who ruled the County of Gorizia (Görz) from the early 12th century onwards.

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House of Limburg-Stirum

The house of Limburg Stirum (or Limburg-Styrum), which adopted its name in the 12th century from the sovereign county of Limburg an der Lenne in what is now Germany, is one of the oldest families in Europe.

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House of Ventimiglia

The Ventimiglia are a noble Italian family that once held fiefdoms in Liguria, France, Spain and Southern Italy.

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House of Wittelsbach

The House of Wittelsbach is a European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria.

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Hubert, Duke of Spoleto

Hubert (or Humbert, Italian Uberto or Umberto; died c. 969) was the illegitimate son of King Hugh of Italy and his concubine Wandelmoda.

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Hubertus

Saint Hubertus or Hubert (656 – 30 May 727) became Bishop of Liège in 708 AD.

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Hugbert of Bavaria

Hugbert (also Hukbert) of the Agilolfings was duke of Bavaria from 725 to 736.

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Hugobert

Hugobert (also Chugoberctus or Hociobercthus) (died probably in 697) was a seneschal and a count of the palace at the Merovingian court during the reigns of Theuderic III and Childebert III.

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Imperial Count

Imperial Count (Reichsgraf) was a title in the Holy Roman Empire.

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Imperial Count Palatine

The Imperial Count Palatine (Palatin, Comes palatinus Caesareus, Kaiserlicher Hofpfalzgraf) was a title revived by Emperor Charles IV which was based upon the former position of a Count Palatine in the royal court.

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Imperial County of Ortenburg

The Imperial County of Ortenburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in present-day Lower Bavaria, Germany.

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Imperial Estate

An Imperial State or Imperial Estate (Status Imperii; Reichsstand, plural: Reichsstände) was a part of the Holy Roman Empire with representation and the right to vote in the Imperial Diet (Reichstag).

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Imperial Palace, Gelnhausen

The Imperial Palace at Gelnhausen, in German also called the Kaiserpfalz Gelnhausen, Pfalz Gelnhausen or Barbarossaburg, is located on the Kinzig river, in the town of Gelnhausen, Hesse, Germany.

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Interregnum (HRE)

There was no emperor of the Holy Roman Empire between 1245 and 1312, and again during 1378–1433 and 1437–1452.

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Irmina of Oeren

Irmina of Oeren or Irmina of Trier (d. 704/710) was the wife of Hugobert, seneschal and Count palatine, a leading person of the Hugobertine noble family.

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Jacob Chimarrhaeus

Jacob Chimarrhaeus (1542–1614) was grand almoner to Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II.

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Jakob Balde

Jakob Balde (January 4, 1604 – August 9, 1668), a German Latinist, was born at Ensisheim in Alsace.

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Jakob Christmann

Jakob Christmann (born November 1554 in Johannisberg (Rheingau), Geisenheim – 16 June 1613 in Heidelberg) was a German Orientalist who also studied problems of astronomy.

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Jan Marek Marci

Jan Marek Marci FRS, Johannes Marcus Marci de Cronland (June 13, 1595, (Lanscron, Landeskrone, Cronland, Kronland, vertical-align|), Royal Bohemia, Bohemian Crownland, AustriaApril 10, 1667, Prague, R.Bohemia, Bohemian Crownland, Austria), or Johannes (Ioannes) Marcus Marci, was a Bohemian doctor and scientist, rector of the University of Prague, and official physician to the Holy Roman Emperors.

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Johann Kasimir Kolbe von Wartenberg

Johann Kasimir Kolbe von Wartenberg (6 February 1643, in Wetterau – 4 July 1712, in Frankfurt am Main) was the first ever Minister-President (effectively Prime Minister) of the kingdom of Prussia, and the head of the "Cabinet of Three Counts".

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Johann Reinhard II, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg

Count Johann Reinhard II of Hanau-Lichtenberg (in Bouxwiller – 25 April 1666 in Bischofsheim am Hohen Steg) was a younger son of Count Philipp Wolfgang of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1595–1641) and Countess Johanna of Oettingen-Oettingen (d. 1639).

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John Casimir of the Palatinate-Simmern

John Casimir, Count Palatine of Simmern (German: Johann Casimir von Pfalz-Simmern) (7 March 1543 – Brockhaus Geschichte Second Edition) was a German prince and a younger son of Frederick III, Elector Palatine.

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John Charles, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen

John Charles, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld at Gelnhausen (17 October 1638 in Bischweiler – 21 February 1704 in Gelnhausen), was a German prince and ancestor of the cadet branch of the royal family of Bavaria known, from the early 19th century, as Dukes in Bavaria.

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John I, Archbishop of Trier

John I (Johann I.) (born ca. 1140; died July 15, 1212 in Trier) was Archbishop of Trier from 1190 to 1212 and the first also to bear the title of Elector.

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John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

John I of Zweibrücken (known as the Lame; Pfalzgraf Johann I von Zweibrücken; 8 May 1550 – 12 August 1604) was Count Palatine and Duke of Zweibrücken during 1569–1604.

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John Meinhard VII, Count of Gorizia

John Meinhard VII, Count of Gorizia (1378 or 1380 – 22 May 1430) was a member of the Meinhardiner dynasty.

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John, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen

John, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen (24 May 1698 in Gelnhausen – 10 February 1780 in Mannheim) was Count Palatine and Duke of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld at Gelnhausen.

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Justus Henning Böhmer

Justus Henning Böhmer (January 29, 1674 in Hanover – August 23, 1749 in Halle) was an outstanding German jurist, ecclesiastical jurist, Professor of the University of Halle and also Geheimer Rat, count palatine and chancellor of the Duchy of Magdeburg.

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Kaiserpfalz

The term Kaiserpfalz ("imperial palace") or Königspfalz ("royal palace", from Middle High German phalze to Old High German phalanza from Middle Latin palatia to Latin palatium "palace") refers to a number of castles and palaces across the Holy Roman Empire that served as temporary, secondary seats of power for the Holy Roman Emperor in the Early and High Middle Ages.

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Karpiński family

Karpinski is one of the Polish families of the heraldic clan that used the Korab coat of arms.

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Kaspar, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

Kaspar, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken and Veldenz (11 July 1459 – c. Summer 1527) was Duke of Zweibrücken from 1489 to 1490.

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Katharina of Hanau

Catherine of Hanau also known as Katharina (25 January 1408 – 25 September 1460) was a German regent.

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Kazelin

Kazelin (died around 1092) was a nobleman with estates in Friuli and Carinthia.

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Kösseine

The Kösseine is a massif in the High Fichtel mountains in Germany, lying in northeast Bavaria south of Wunsiedel.

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Khazen

Khazen (also "El-Khazen", and in some cases Al Khazen or De Khazen, Arabic: الخازن) is the name of a prominent noble Levantine family and clan based in Keserwan District, Lebanon, Damascus, Syria, Nablus, Palestine, as well as other districts around the Levant, predominantly in the Galilee.

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King of Ruthenia

King of Ruthenia, King of Galicia and Volhynia, King of Poland and Ruthenia, Land of Ruthenia Lord and Heir (Latin: Rex Rusiae, Rex Galiciae et Lodomeriae, Rex Polonie et Russie, Terre Russie Domin et Heres) was a title of princes of Galicia and Volhynia, granted by the Pope.

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Knight of Glin

The Knight of Glin (dormant 14 September 2011), also known as the Black Knight or Knight of the Valley, was a hereditary title held by the FitzGerald families of County Limerick, Ireland, since the early 14th century.

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Knight of the Golden Spur (Holy Roman Empire)

The Knights of the Golden Spur (Latin equites aurati Sancti Romani Imperii, literally "Golden Knights of the Holy Roman Empire"; short equites aurati or milites aurati, "golden knights/soldiers") were a public official elite of the Holy Roman Empire which consisted mainly of members of the gentry, but also from members of the bourgeoisie and the aristocracy.

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Knight of the Golden Spur (Hungary)

Knights of the Golden Spur (Hungarian: aranysarkantyús lovag, Latin: eques auratus, or eques aureatus) were persons knighted during the ceremony of Hungarian kings' coronations.

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Knights' Revolt

The Knights' Revolt of 1522 was a revolt by a number of Protestant and religious humanist German knights led by Franz von Sickingen, against the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Emperor.

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La Tour d'Auvergne

La Tour d'Auvergne was a noble French dynasty.

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Landgrave

Landgrave (landgraaf, Landgraf; lantgreve, landgrave; comes magnus, comes patriae, comes provinciae, comes terrae, comes principalis, lantgravius) was a noble title used in the Holy Roman Empire, and later on in its former territories.

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Landgraviate of Brabant

The Landgraviate of Brabant (1085–1183) was a small medieval fiefdom west of Brussels, consisting of the area between the Dender and Zenne rivers in the Low Countries, then part of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt

Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt (Elisabeth Amalie Magdalene; 20 March 1635 – 4 August 1709) was a princess of Hesse-Darmstadt and wife of the Prince-elector of the Palatinate.

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Lanfranc I of Bergamo

Lanfranc I of Bergamo (–950/954) was a northern Italian nobleman.

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Lenzburg Castle

Lenzburg Castle (Schloss Lenzburg) is a castle located above the old part of the town of Lenzburg in the Canton of Aargau, Switzerland.

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Liebenau monastery

The Liebenau monastery was a Dominican monastery.

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List of nicknames of European royalty and nobility: B

No description.

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List of rulers of Estonia

The following list of rulers of Estonia indicates the rules throughout that nation's history.

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List of Swedish monarchs

This is a list of Swedish monarchs, that is, the Kings and ruling Queens of Sweden, including regents and viceroys of the Kalmar Union, up to the present time.

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List of szlachta

The szlachta (szlachta) was a privileged social class in the Kingdom of Poland.

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List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown

The current Spanish constitution refers to the monarchy as "the Crown of Spain" and the constitutional title of the monarch is simply rey/reina de España:Constitution, article 56(2) that is, "king/queen of Spain".

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Lithuanian Civil War (1389–92)

The Lithuanian Civil War of 1389–92 was the second civil conflict between Jogaila, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his cousin Vytautas.

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Liudolf of Lotharingia

Liudolf of Lotharingia, also Ludolf (c. 100010 April 1031), was Count of Zutphen and Waldenburg.

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Lorenz Scholz von Rosenau

Aphorismorum Medicinalium..., 1589 Lorenz Scholz von Rosenau, also Laurentius Scholzius (20 September 1552 – 22 April 1599) was a German botanist and physician.

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Los caprichos

Los caprichos are a set of 80 prints in aquatint and etching created by the Spanish artist Francisco Goya in 1797 and 1798, and published as an album in 1799.

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Louis I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

Louis I of Zweibrücken (1424 – 19 July 1489) was Count Palatine and Duke of Zweibrücken and of Veldenz in 1444–1489.

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Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

Louis II of Zweibrücken (Pfalzgraf Ludwig II.) (14 September 1502 – 3 December 1532) was Count Palatine and Duke of Zweibrücken from 1514 to 1532.

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Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia

Louis IV the Saint (Ludwig IV.; 28 October 1200 – 11 September 1227), a member of the Ludovingian dynasty, was Landgrave of Thuringia and Saxon Count palatine from 1217 until his death.

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Ludwig Anton von Pfalz-Neuburg

Ludwig Anton von Pfalz-Neuburg (also sometimes called Ludwig Anton von Rhein zu Neuburg) (1660–1694) was the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights from 1685 to 1694, and the Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1691 to 1694.

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Luitpold, Margrave of Bavaria

Luitpold (or Liutpold) (modern Leopold) (died 4 July 907), perhaps of the Huosi family or related to the Carolingian dynasty by Liutswind, mother of Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia, was the ancestor of the Luitpolding dynasty which ruled Bavaria and Carinthia until the mid-tenth century.

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Luitpoldings

The Luitpoldings were a medieval dynasty which ruled the German stem duchy of Bavaria from some time in the late ninth century off and on until 985.

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Mannheim Palace

Mannheim Palace (Mannheimer Schloss) is a large Baroque palace in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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March of Styria

The March of Styria (Steiermark), originally known as Carantanian march (Karantanische Mark, marchia Carantana after the former Slavic principality of Carantania), was a southeastern frontier march of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Marchtal Abbey

Marchtal Abbey (Kloster Marchtal or Reichsstift Marchtal) is a former Premonstratensian monastery in Obermarchtal in the Alb-Donau-Kreis, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Margaret of Hanau (1452-1467)

Margaret of Hanau (1452 – 14 March 1467) was the only daughter of Count Reinhard III of Hanau (1412-1452) and his wife Countess Palatine Margaret of Mosbach (1432-1457).

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Margaritus of Brindisi

Margaritus of Brindisi (also Margarito; Italian Margaritone or Greek Megareites or Margaritoni: c. 1149 – 1197), called "the new Neptune", was the last great ammiratus ammiratorum (Grand Admiral) of Sicily.

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Margrave

Margrave was originally the medieval title for the military commander assigned to maintain the defense of one of the border provinces of the Holy Roman Empire or of a kingdom.

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Maria Euphrosyne of Zweibrücken

Maria Euphrosyne of Zweibrücken (14 February 1625, Stegeborg Castle, Östergötland – 24 October 1687, Höjentorp Castle, Västergötland), was a countess palatine, a cousin and foster-sibling of Queen Christina of Sweden, and a and sister of King Charles X of Sweden.

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Mariental Abbey

Mariental Abbey (Kloster Mariental), in the present-day municipality of Mariental in Lower Saxony, Germany, is a former Cistercian monastery founded in 1138, now used and owned by a Lutheran congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Brunswick.

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Maryland Army National Guard

The Maryland Army National Guard (MD ARNG) is the United States Army component of the American state of Maryland.

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Maryland General Assembly

The Maryland General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maryland that convenes within the State House in Annapolis.

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Matilda of Germany, Countess Palatine of Lotharingia

Matilda of Germany or Matilde of Saxony (Summer 979 - November 1025, Echtz) was the third daughter of Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor and his wife, Empress Theophanu.

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Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria

Maximilian I Joseph (27 May 1756 – 13 October 1825) was Duke of Zweibrücken from 1795 to 1799, Prince-Elector of Bavaria (as Maximilian IV Joseph) from 1799 to 1806, then King of Bavaria (as Maximilian I Joseph) from 1806 to 1825.

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Meine Liebe

is a series of dating sims by Konami for the Game Boy Advance and PlayStation 2.

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Meinhard I, Count of Gorizia

Meinhard I (– 1142), an ancestor of the noble House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner dynasty), was ruling count of Gorizia from 1122 until his death.

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Melchior Lorck

Melchior Lorck (or: Lorichs or: Lorich or: Lorch) (1526/27after 1583 in Copenhagen) was a renaissance painter, draughtsman, and printmaker of Danish-German origin.

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Middle Rhine

Between Bingen and Bonn, Germany, the river Rhine flows as the Middle Rhine (Mittelrhein) through the Rhine Gorge, a formation created by erosion, which happened at about the same rate as an uplift in the region, leaving the river at about its original level, and the surrounding lands raised.

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Mieszko I Tanglefoot

Mieszko IV Tanglefoot (Mieszko IV Plątonogi) (ca. 1130 – 16 May 1211) was Duke of Kraków and High Duke of Poland from 1202 and from 9 June 1210 until his death.

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Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł

Mikołaj Radziwiłł, nicknamed The Red (Polish Rudy, Lithuanian: Radvila Rudasis), also known as Mikołaj Radziwiłł the Sixth (1512 – 27 April 1584), was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman, Count Palatine of Vilnius, Grand Chancellor of Lithuania, and Grand Lithuanian Hetman (from 1576) in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Millstatt

Millstatt am See is a market town of the Spittal an der Drau District in Carinthia, Austria.

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Millstatt Abbey

Millstatt Abbey (Stift Millstatt) is a former monastery in Millstatt, Austria.

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Minichiello (surname)

Minichiello is an Italian surname of patronymic origin, being one of those surnames based on the first name of the father of the original bearer.

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Monarch

A monarch is a sovereign head of state in a monarchy.

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Naumburg Cathedral and the High Medieval Cultural Landscape of the Rivers Saale and Unstrut

The Naumburg Cathedral and the High Medieval Cultural Landscape of the Rivers Saale and Unstrut is situated at the heart of the Federal Republic of Germany in the State of Saxony-Anhalt.

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Nepotian of Asturias

Nepotian (Nepotianus; Nepociano) was briefly the King of Asturias in 842.

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Neustadt an der Weinstraße

Neustadt an der Weinstraße (formerly known as "Neustadt an der Haardt") is a town located in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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New Bolanden Castle

New Bolanden Castle (Burg Neu-Bolanden or Neubolanden) is a ruined spur castle and, today, a cultural monument.

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Nicolaus Mameranus

Nicolaus Mameranus (6 December 1500 – 1567) was a Luxembourgian soldier and historian under Charles V, for whom he travelled widely, recording faithfully the composition of foreign courts and the customs of foreign countries.

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Nicolaus Reusner

Nicolaus Reusner (also von Reusner, Reusnerus; 1545–1602) was a German jurist and publisher.

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Oberto I

Oberto I Obizzo (also Otbert) (died 15 October 975) was an Italian count palatine and margrave and the oldest known member of the Obertenghi family.

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Odo I, Count of Blois

Odo I (also spelled Eudes) (– 12 March 996), Count of Blois, Chartres, Reims, Provins, Châteaudun, and Omois, was the son of Theobald I of Blois and Luitgard, daughter of Herbert II of Vermandois.

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Officer of arms

An officer of arms is a person appointed by a sovereign or state with authority to perform one or more of the following functions.

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Old Wolfstein Castle

Old Wolfstein Castle (Burg Alt-Wolfstein, also called the Altes Schloß), is a ruined hillside castle on the eastern slopes of the Königsberg at the narrowest point in the Lauter valley near Wolfstein in the county of Kusel in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

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Orazio Giovan Battista Ravaschieri Fieschi

Orazio Giovan Battista Ravaschieri Fieschi (died 12 October 1645) was a wealthy nobleman and patrician ('patrizio') of Genoa descending from the Fieschi, Counts Palatine of Lavagna, in what is now Liguria.

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Order of the Golden Spur

The Order of the Golden Spur (Ordine dello Speron d'Oro, Ordre de l'Éperon d'or), officially known also as the Order of the Golden Militia (Ordo Militia Aurata, Milizia Aurata), is a Papal Order of Knighthood conferred upon those who have rendered distinguished service in propagating the Catholic faith, or who have contributed to the glory of the Church, either by feat of arms, by writings, or by other illustrious acts.

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Otto Henry, Elector Palatine

Otto-Henry, Elector Palatine, (10 April 1502, Amberg – 12 February 1559, Heidelberg) a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty was Count Palatine of Palatinate-Neuburg from 1505 to 1559 and prince elector of the Palatinate from 1556 to 1559.

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Otto I, Count of Burgundy

Otto I (between 1167 and 1171 – 13 January 1200) was Count of Burgundy from 1190 to his death and briefly Count of Luxembourg from 1196 to 1197.

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Otto I, Duke of Bavaria

Otto I (1117 – 11 July 1183), called the Redhead (der Rotkopf), was Duke of Bavaria from 1180 until his death.

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Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor

Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (Otto der Große, Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973.

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Otto II, Duke of Swabia

Otto II (– 7 September 1047), a member of the Ezzonid dynasty, was Count Palatine of Lotharingia from 1034 until 1045 and Duke of Swabia from 1045 until his death.

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Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor

Otto II (955 – December 7, 983), called the Red (Rufus), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983.

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Otto IV, Count of Scheyern

Otto V, Count of Wittelsbach (– 4 August 1156) also called Otto IV, Count of Scheyern was the second son of Eckhard I, Count of Scheyern.

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Palatinate (region)

The Palatinate (die Pfalz, Pfälzer dialect: Palz), historically also Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz), is a region in southwestern Germany.

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Palatine

A palatine or palatinus (in Latin; plural palatini; cf. derivative spellings below) is a high-level official attached to imperial or royal courts in Europe since Roman times.

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Palatine (disambiguation)

A palatine was a high-level official attached to imperial or royal courts in Europe since Roman times.

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Palatine Hill

The Palatine Hill (Collis Palatium or Mons Palatinus; Palatino) is the centremost of the Seven Hills of Rome and is one of the most ancient parts of the city.

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Palatine Lion

The Palatine Lion (Pfälzer Löwe), less commonly the Palatinate Lion, is an heraldic charge (see also: heraldic lions).

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Palatine of Hungary

The Palatine of Hungary (Landespalatin, nádor, palatinus regni Hungarie, and nádvorný špán) was the highest-ranking office in the Kingdom of Hungary from the beginning of the 11th century to 1848.

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Palatinus in the Catholic Church

Palatinus (plural: Palatini), Latin for "palatial", entered into designations for various ecclesiastical offices in the Catholic Church, primarily, of certain high officials in the papal court.

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Palazzo Bonasoni, Bologna

The Palazzo Bonasoni is a Renaissance-style palace in Via Galliera 21 in central Bologna, Italy.

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Palgrave

Palgrave may refer to.

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Persian embassy to Europe (1609–15)

The Persian embassy to Europe (1609–1615) was dispatched by the Persian Shah Abbas I in 1609 to obtain an alliance with Europe against the Ottoman Empire.

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Peter Agricola

Peter Agricola (June 29, 1525 – July 5 or 7, 1585) was a German Renaissance humanist, educator, classical scholar and theologian, diplomat and statesman, disciple of Martin Luther, friend and collaborator of Philipp Melanchthon.

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Peter Martyr d'Anghiera

Peter Martyr d'Anghiera (Petrus Martyr Anglerius or ab Angleria; Pietro Martire d'Anghiera; Pedro Mártir de Anglería; 2 February 1457 – October 1526), formerly known in English as Peter Martyr of Angleria, was an Italian historian at the service of Spain during the Age of Exploration.

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Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse

Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (13 November 1504 – 31 March 1567), nicknamed der Großmütige ("the magnanimous"), was a leading champion of the Protestant Reformation and one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany.

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Pons, Count of Toulouse

Pons (II) William (991 – 1060) was the Count of Toulouse from 1037.

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Ponthion

Ponthion is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.

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Pope Boniface IX

Pope Boniface IX (Bonifatius IX; c. 1350 – 1 October 1404, born Pietro Tomacelli Cybo) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 November 1389 to his death in 1404.

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Portuguese Jewish community in Hamburg

From about 1590 on, there had been a Portuguese Jewish community in Hamburg, whose qehilla (קהילה "congregation") existed until its compulsory merger with the Ashkenazi congregation in July 1939.

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Poto the Brave

Poto the Brave was a Bavarian count palatine who fought famously at the Battle of the Theben Pass in 1060.

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Prince

A prince is a male ruler or member of a monarch's or former monarch's family ranked below a king and above a duke.

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Prince of Belmonte

The Prince of Belmonte (Principe di Belmonte) is a noble title created in 1619 by the Spanish crown for the Barons of Badolato and Belmonte.

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Prince of Leiningen

The title of Prince of Leiningen (Fürst zu Leiningen) was created by the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, who elevated Carl Friedrich Wilhelm, Count of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg (a younger branch of the House of Leiningen) to the rank of Reichsfürst (Prince of the Holy Roman Empire) on 3 July 1779.

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Province of Maryland

The Province of Maryland was an English and later British colony in North America that existed from 1632 until 1776, when it joined the other twelve of the Thirteen Colonies in rebellion against Great Britain and became the U.S. state of Maryland.

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Pyrmont Castle

Pyrmont Castle (Burg Pyrmont) stands west of Münstermaifeld near Roes and Pillig on a slate rock outcrop above a waterfall on the Elzbach in the southern Eifel mountains in Germany.

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Radič (veliki čelnik)

Radič (Радич; fl. 1413–1441) was a Serbian nobleman that had the title of Grand Čelnik (count palatine), the highest dignitary after the Serbian monarch.

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Radoslav of Duklja

Radoslav (Радослав; fl. 1146-1148) was the Prince of Duklja from 1146 to 1149.

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Radziwiłł family

The Radziwiłł family (Radvila; Радзівіл, Radzivił; Radziwill) was a powerful magnate family originating from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.

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Red Ruthenia

Red Ruthenia or Red Rus' (Ruthenia Rubra; Russia Rubra; Chervona Rus'; Ruś Czerwona, Ruś Halicka; Chervonnaya Rus') is a term used since the Middle Ages for a region now comprising south-eastern Poland and adjoining parts of western Ukraine.

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Regintrud

Regintrud, also known as Reginlind and Regentrud, (born 660–665,Note: the provided date of birth would be invalid if she is Dagobert I's daughter as he died 639 died 730–740) probably was the wife of Duke Theudebert of Bavaria or of his father Duke Theodo of Bavaria.

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Renward Cysat

Renward Cysat (Cusatus; 1545–1614) was an apothecary, advocate and city councillor of Lucerne.

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Rhenish Franconia

Rhenish Franconia (Rheinfranken) or Western Franconia (Westfranken) denotes the western half of the central German stem duchy of Franconia in the 10th and 11th century, with its residence at the city of Worms.

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Richardis of Bavaria

Richardis of Bavaria (1173 in Kelheim – 7 December 1231 in Roermond) was a German noblewoman.

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Richelida

Richelida or Richilda (died between 1034 and 1037) was a member of the dynasty known to historians as the Giselbertiners (or Giselbertini).

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Richenza of Swabia

Richenza (also spelled as Richeza or Richza) (– before 1083) was a German noblewoman.

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Robert I, Count of Hesbaye

Robert I, Rupert, (697–748), Count of Hesbaye and Duke of Neustria, son of Lambert, Count of Haspengau, and possibly Chrotlind, daughter of Theoderic III, King of Neustria and Austria, and Saint Amalaberga.

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Robert Shirley

Sir Robert Shirley (c. 1581 – 13 July 1628) was an English traveller and adventurer, younger brother of Sir Anthony Shirley and Sir Thomas Shirley.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Wrocław

The Archdiocese of Wrocław (Archidiecezja wrocławska; Erzbistum Breslau; Arcidiecéze vratislavská; Archidioecesis Vratislaviensis) is a Latin Rite archdiocese of the Catholic Church named after its capital Wrocław in Poland.

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Romaric

Saint Romaric (died 653) was a Frankish nobleman who lived in Austrasia from the late 6th century until the middle of the 7th century.

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Rott Abbey

Rott Abbey (Kloster Rott) was a Benedictine monastery in Rott am Inn in Bavaria, Germany.

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Royal household under the Merovingians and Carolingians

The royal household of the early kings of the Franks is the subject of considerable discussion and remains controversial.

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Rudolph II, Count Palatine of Tübingen

Rudolph II, Count Palatine of Tübingen (died 1 November 1247) was Count Palatine of Tübingen and Vogt of Sindelfingen.

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Saint Ame

Saint Amatus, also called Saint Ame, was a Colombanian monk.

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Salomea of Berg

Salomea of Berg (Salome von Berg, Salomea z Bergu; – 27 July 1144) was a German noblewoman and, by marriage with Prince Bolesław III Wrymouth in 1115, High Duchess of Poland until her husband's death in 1138.

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Sargans Castle

Sargans Castle is a castle in the municipality of Sargans of the Canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

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Sarlio of Spoleto

Sarlio was the Duke of Spoleto from 940 until 943.

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Saxon Rebellion

The Saxon Rebellion or Rebellion of the Saxons (Sachsenkrieg), also commonly called the Saxon Uprising (not to be confused with the Saxon Wars, also called the Saxon Uprising), refers to the struggle between the Salian dynasty ruling the Holy Roman Empire and the rebel Saxons during the reign of Henry IV.

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Schloss Schöneck

Schloss Schöneck is a castle which stands on a rock outcrop in the Ehrbach Gorge in the borough of Boppard in the Hunsrück mountains of Germany.

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Schlosstheater Schwetzingen

Schlosstheater Schwetzingen (Schwetzingen palace theater) is a court theater in Schwetzingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Schnorbach

Schnorbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Schriesheim

Schriesheim is a town located in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, north of Heidelberg on the Bergstrasse ("Mountain Road") and on Bertha Benz Memorial Route.

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Seeon Abbey

Seeon Abbey (Kloster Seeon) was a Benedictine monastery in the municipality of Seeon-Seebruck in the rural district of Traunstein in Bavaria, Germany.

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Sieciech

Sieciech (AD 11th century – after AD 1100) was a medieval Polish magnate and statesman.

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Siegfried I, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst

Siegfried I (– 25 March 1298), a member of the House of Ascania, ruled as the first Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst from 1252 until his death.

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Sigfried, Count of the Ardennes

Sigfried (or Siegfried) (– 28 October 998) was count of the Ardennes and the first person to rule Luxembourg.

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Sigmund Ringeck

Sigmund Schining ein Ringeck (Sigmund ain Ringeck, Sigmund Amring, Sigmund Einring, Sigmund Schining) was a 14th- or 15th-century German fencing master.

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Sophia of Wittelsbach

Sophia of Wittelsbach (1170–1238) was a daughter of Otto I Wittelsbach, who was Count Palatine and later Duke of Bavaria, and his wife Agnes of Loon.

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St. Andreas, Düsseldorf

The Church of St.

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Stahleck Castle

Stahleck Castle is a 12th-century fortified castle in the Upper Middle Rhine Valley at Bacharach in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Steinwald

The Steinwald is a mountain range up to in southern Germany and, at the same time, a nature park (Steinwald Nature Park) founded in 1970 with an area of in the province of Upper Palatinate, in North Bavaria.

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Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken

Stephen of Simmern-Zweibrücken (Stefan Pfalzgraf von Simmern-Zweibrücken) (23 June 1385 – 14 February 1459, Simmern) was Count Palatine of Simmern and Zweibrücken from 1410 until his death in 1459.

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Szlachta

The szlachta (exonym: Nobility) was a legally privileged noble class in the Kingdom of Poland, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Samogitia (both after Union of Lublin became a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) and the Zaporozhian Host.

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Tamm

Tamm is a Gemeinde (municipality) in the district of Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Tübingen

Tübingen is a traditional university town in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Theophanu

Theophanu (Θεοφανώ, Theophano; Theophanu, Theofana; 955June 15, 990 AD), also spelled Theophania, Theophana or Theophano, was an Empress consort of the Holy Roman Empire by marriage to Holy Roman Emperor Otto II, and regent of the Holy Roman Empire during the minority of her son from 983 until her death in 990.

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Throne room

A throne room or throne hall is the room, often rather a hall, in the official residence of the crown, either a palace or a fortified castle, where the throne of a senior figure (usually a monarch) is set up with elaborate pomp—usually raised, often with steps, and under a canopy, both of which are part of the original notion of the Greek word thronos.

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Thurant Castle

The ruins of Thurant Castle (Burg Thurant, also Thurandt) stand on a wide hill spur made from slate above the villages of Alken on the Moselle in Germany.

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Tilemann Heshusius

Tilemann Heshusius (also Hesshus, Heßhusen, Hess Husen, Heshusen (November 3, 1527 in Wesel—September 25, 1588 in Helmstedt) was a Gnesio-Lutheran theologian and Protestant reformer.

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Title

A title is a prefix or suffix added to someone's name in certain contexts.

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Tommaso Inghirami

Tommaso Inghirami (1470–5/6 September 1516) (also known as Phaedra, Phaedrus, or Fedra) was a Renaissance humanist and a deacon of the Catholic Church.

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Ulv Galiciefarer

Ulv Galiciefarer (also known as Galicieulv (Galiciwolf) c. 1010), aka Jarl Galizur-Ulfric was a Danish jarl, a Viking chieftain who became famous for his raids, looting and pillaging the lands of Galicia in the early eleventh century, perhaps in 1028 or 1048, during the reign of Bermudo III and Ferdinand I of Leon.

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Umkirch

Umkirch is a municipality in the district Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Uroš I, Grand Prince of Serbia

Uroš I (Урош I, Ούρεσις) was the Grand Prince (Veliki Župan) of the Grand Principality of Serbia from about 1112 to 1145.

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Uroš II, Grand Prince of Serbia

Uroš II (Урош II), also known as Primislav (Примислав) or Prvoslav (Првослав), was Serbian Grand Prince from ca. 1145 to 1162, with brief interruptions as ruler by Desa, his brother.

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Valmarana family

The Valmarana family was an aristocratic family in Vicenza, one branch of which also held Venetian patrician status.

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Vićenco Vuković

Vićentije "Vićenco" Vuković (Вићентије Вуковић, Vincenzo della Vecchia; 1560–71) was one of the major Serbian printers and editors in the Republic of Venice, and son of the predecessor, Božidar Vuković, and partner of Jerolim Zagurović, Jakov of Kamena Reka and Stefan Marinović.

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Virneburg Castle

Virneburg Castle (Burgruine Virneburg) is a ruined hill castle on a slate hill,, around which the Nitzbach stream flows.

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Vito D'Anna

Vito D'Anna (14 October 1718 – 13 October 1769) was an Italian painter, considered the most prominent painter of Palermitan rococo and one of the most important artists of Sicily.

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Vladislaus II of Opole

Vladislaus II of Opole (Władysław Opolczyk, Wladislaus von Oppeln, Oppelni László, Владислав Опольчик) (ca. 1332 – 18 May 1401) was a Duke of Opole from 1356 (as a Bohemian vassal), Count palatine of Hungary during 1367–1372, ruler over Lubliniec since 1368, Duke of Wieluń during 1370–1392, ruler over Bolesławiec from 1370 (only for his life), Governor of Galicia–Volhynia during 1372–1378, ruler over Pszczyna during 1375–1396, Count palatine of Poland in 1378, Duke of Dobrzyń and Kujawy during 1378–1392 (as a Polish vassal), ruler over Głogówek from 1383 and ruler over Krnov during 1385–1392.

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Voivodeships of Poland

A województwo (plural: województwa) is the highest-level administrative subdivision of Poland, corresponding to a "province" in many other countries.

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Von Graben family tree

This is the family tree of the Austrian Von Graben family.

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Wahlheim

Wahlheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Alzey-Worms district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Waldsteinburg

The Waldsteinburg, also called the Red Castle (Rotes Schloss) is a ruined castle on the summit of the Großer Waldstein in the Fichtel Mountains of Germany.

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War of the Succession of Landshut

The War of the Succession of Landshut resulted from a dispute between the duchies of Bavaria-Munich (Bayern-München in German) and Bavaria-Landshut (Bayern-Landshut).

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Władysław I Herman

Władysław I Herman (1044 – 4 June 1102) was a Duke of Poland from 1079 until his death.

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Wellingsbüttel Manor

Wellingsbüttel Manor (German: Rittergut Wellingsbüttel, since Danish times: Kanzleigut Wellingsbüttel) is a former manor with a baroque manor house (German: Herrenhaus) in Hamburg, Germany, which once enjoyed imperial immediacy (Reichsfreiheit).

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Wendelsheim

Wendelsheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Alzey-Worms district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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White Knight (Fitzgibbon family)

The Pedigree of The White Knight was one of three hereditary knighthoods within Ireland dating from the medieval period.

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William, Margrave of Meissen

William IV, Count of Weimar (died 1062) was Margrave of Meissen from 1046 until his death.

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Wittelsbach Castle

Wittelsbach Castle (Burg Wittelsbach) was a castle near Aichach in today's Bavarian Swabia.

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Wolfgang of the Palatinate

Wolfgang of the Palatinate (nicknamed the Elder; 31 October 1494 in Heidelberg – 2 April 1558 in Neumarkt) was a German nobleman from the House of Wittelsbach.

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Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg

Wolfgang Wilhelm (4 November 1578 in Neuburg an der Donau – 14 September 1653 in Düsseldorf) was a German Prince.

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Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

Count Palatine Wolfgang of Zweibrücken (Pfalzgraf Wolfgang von Zweibrücken; 26 September 1526 – 11 June 1569) was member of the Wittelsbach family of the Counts Palatine and Duke of Zweibrücken 1532–1559.

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Worms, Germany

Worms is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, situated on the Upper Rhine about south-southwest of Frankfurt-am-Main.

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Wormsgau

The Wormsgau (pagus wormatiensis) was a medieval county in the East Frankish (German) stem duchy of Franconia, comprising the surroundings of the city of Worms and further territories on the left bank of the Upper Rhine river.

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Zeme, Lombardy

Zeme is a village and comune in the Province of Pavia, in the Lombardy region of northwest Italy.

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1140

Year 1140 (MCXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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921

Year 921 (CMXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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947

Year 947 (CMXLVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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962

Year 962 (CMLXII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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975

Year 975 (CMLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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Redirects here:

Comes Palatinus, Comes palatinus, Conte palladin, Count Palatine, Count of the palace, Count palatinate, Count palatine of the Lateran Palace, Counts palatine, Hofpfalzgraf, Hrabia Palatyn, Lord palatine, Palatine Count, Palatine count, Palatine lord, Palsgrave, Papal count palatine, Pfalzgraf.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_palatine

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