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A Scottish Soldier

"A Scottish Soldier" is a song written by Andy Stewart using the tune of "The Green Hills of Tyrol", which was transcribed by John MacLeod during the Crimean War from "La Tua Danza Sì Leggiera", a chorus part in the third act of Gioachino Rossini's 1829 opera Guglielmo Tell (William Tell).

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Aaron Tänzer

Aaron Tänzer (Aron Tänzer, Tänzer Áron; also Arnold Tänzer; January 30, 1871 – February 26, 1937, Göppingen) was an Austrian rabbi, chaplain and author.

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Achen Pass

Achen Pass (el. 941 n.) is a mountain pass in the Alps in the state of Bavaria in Germany.

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Adalberto Libera

Adalberto Libera (16 July 1903 - 17 March 1963) is one of the most representative architects of the Italian Modern movement.

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Adam Clark (engineer)

Adam Clark (Hungarian: Clark Ádám; 14 August 1811 – 23 June 1866) was a Scottish civil engineer who is best known for his career in Hungary.

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Adam Müller

Adam Heinrich Müller (30 June 1779 – 17 January 1829; after 1827 Ritter von Nitterdorf) was a German publicist, literary critic, political economist, theorist of the state and forerunner of economic romanticism.

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Adrian von Enkevort

Adrian von Enkevort (1603 – 1663) was a Brabantine nobleman and Generalfeldmarschall who fought during the course of the Thirty Years' War and the Franco-Spanish War (1635–59).

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Aftermath of World War I

The aftermath of World War I saw drastic political, cultural, economic, and social change across Eurasia (Europe and Asia), Africa, and even in areas outside those that were directly involved.

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Agnes of Austria (1281–1364)

Agnes of Austria (18 May 1281 – 10 June 1364) was a Queen consort of Hungary by marriage to Andrew III of Hungary.

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Albanian Kingdom (1943–44)

The Albanian Kingdom (Albanian: Mbretëria Shqiptare, German: Königreich Albanien) existed as a de jure independent country, between 1943 and 1944.

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Albert Anton von Muchar

Albert Anton von Muchar was a historian, born in Lienz, Tyrol, 22 November, around 1781; died in Graz, Styria, 6 June 1849.

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Albert Gyulay

Count Albert Gyulay de Marosnémethi et Nádaska or Albert Gyulai von Máros-Németh und Nádaska, born 12 September 1766 – died 27 April 1835, a Hungarian, joined the army of Habsburg Austria and fought against Ottoman Turkey.

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Albert I of Germany

Albert I of Habsburg (Albrecht I.) (July 12551 May 1308), the eldest son of King Rudolf I of Germany and his first wife Gertrude of Hohenburg, was a Duke of Austria and Styria from 1282 and King of Germany from 1298 until his assassination.

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Albert I of Gorizia

Albert I (– 1 April 1304), a member of the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner dynasty), ruled the counties of Gorizia (Görz) and Tyrol from 1258, jointly with his elder brother Meinhard IV.

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Albert II, Count of Tyrol

Albert II (Adalbert; died about 1125) was a progenitor of the Albertine House of Tyrol.

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Albert III, Duke of Austria

Albert III of Austria (9 September 1349 – 29 August 1395), known as Albert with the Braid (Pigtail) (Albrecht mit dem Zopf), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria from 1365 until his death.

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Albert IV, Count of Tyrol

Albert IV (or Albert III, depending on the counting scheme; – 22 July 1253) was Count of Tyrol from 1202 until his death, the last from the original House of Tirol.

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Albert Knoll

Albert Knoll (born at Bruneck in what was central Tyrol, 12 July 1796; died at Bolzano, 30 March 1863) was an Austrian Capuchin dogmatic theologian.

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Albert VI, Archduke of Austria

Albert VI (Albrecht VI.; 18 December 1418 – 2 December 1463), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria from 1424, elevated to Archduke in 1453.

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Albertinian Line

The Albertinian line was a line of the Habsburg dynasty, begun by Duke Albert III of Austria, who, after death of his elder brother Rudolf IV, divided the Habsburg hereditary lands with his brother Leopold III by the 1379 Treaty of Neuberg.

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Albin Egger-Lienz

Albin Egger-Lienz (29 January 1868 – 4 November 1926) was an Austrian painter.

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Alcide De Gasperi

Alcide Amedeo Francesco De Gasperi (3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian statesman who founded the Christian Democracy party.

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Alessandro Ferrero La Marmora

Alessandro Ferrero La Marmora (27 March 1799 in Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia – 7 June 1855 in Balaklava, Russian Empire) was an Italian general who is best remembered for founding the military unit known as the Bersaglieri.

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Alexander Georg Supan

Alexander Georg Supan (3 March 1847 − 7 July 1920) was an Austrian geographer.

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Alexander von Krobatin

Alexander Freiherr von Krobatin (12 September 1849 – 28 September 1933) was an Austrian Field Marshal and Imperial Minister for War between 1912 and 1917.

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Alexius Frederick Christian, Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg

Alexius Frederick Christian of Anhalt-Bernburg (12 June 1767 – 24 March 1834), was a German prince of the House of Ascania.

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Alfons Gorbach

Alfons Gorbach (2 September 1898 – 31 July 1972) was an Austrian politician of the conservative People's Party (ÖVP).

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Alfons Huber

Alfons Huber (born 14 October 1834 in Fügen, Zillerthal (Tyrol); died 23 November 1898 in Vienna) was an Austrian historian.

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Alfred von Henikstein

Alfred Freiherr von Henikstein (August 11, 1810 in Oberdöbling near Vienna – January 29, 1882 in Vienna).

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Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Alfred Alexander William Ernest Albert; 15 October 1874 – 6 February 1899), was the only son and heir apparent of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

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Algund

Algund (Lagundo) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about northwest of Bolzano.

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Allenwiller

Allenwiller (Alsatian: Allanwiller, Allunwillier) is a former commune in the Bas-Rhin department in the Grand Est region of northeastern France.

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Alois Negrelli

Nikolaus Alois Maria Vinzenz Negrelli, Ritter von Moldelbe (also: Louis Negrelli) (January 23, 1799 - October 1, 1858), was a Tyrolean civil engineer and railroad pioneer mostly active in parts of the Austrian Empire, Switzerland, Germany and Italy.

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Alpine regiments of the Roman army

The Alpine regiments of the Roman army were those auxiliary units of the army that were originally raised in the Alpine provinces of the Roman Empire: Tres Alpes, Raetia and Noricum.

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Alpine Rhine

The Alpine Rhine Valley (Alpenrheintal) is a glacial alpine valley, formed by the part of the Alpine Rhine (German) between the confluence of the Anterior Rhine and Posterior Rhine at Reichenau and the Alpine Rhine's mouth at Lake Constance.

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Altach

Altach is a municipality in Feldkirch district in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

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An der Etsch

An der Etsch und im Gebirge (German for 'On the Etsch and in the Mountains') was a bailiwick (Ballei) of the Teutonic Order, created about 1260 and headquartered in Bolzano (Bozen), now in the Italian province of South Tyrol, comprising several commandries in the former County of Tyrol and the adjacent Bishopric of Trent.

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Anabaptism

Anabaptism (from Neo-Latin anabaptista, from the Greek ἀναβαπτισμός: ἀνά- "re-" and βαπτισμός "baptism", Täufer, earlier also WiedertäuferSince the middle of the 20th century, the German-speaking world no longer uses the term "Wiedertäufer" (translation: "Re-baptizers"), considering it biased. The term Täufer (translation: "Baptizers") is now used, which is considered more impartial. From the perspective of their persecutors, the "Baptizers" baptized for the second time those "who as infants had already been baptized". The denigrative term Anabaptist signifies rebaptizing and is considered a polemical term, so it has been dropped from use in modern German. However, in the English-speaking world, it is still used to distinguish the Baptizers more clearly from the Baptists, a Protestant sect that developed later in England. Cf. their self-designation as "Brethren in Christ" or "Church of God":.) is a Christian movement which traces its origins to the Radical Reformation.

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Andrea Pozzo

Andrea Pozzo (Latinized version: Andreas Puteus; 30 November 1642 – 31 August 1709) was an Italian Jesuit brother, Baroque painter and architect, decorator, stage designer, and art theoretician.

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Andreas Benedict Feilmoser

Andreas Benedict Feilmoser (born 8 April 1777, in Hopfgarten, Tyrol; d. Tübingen, 20 July 1831) was a theologian and Biblical scholar.

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Andreas Hofer

Andreas Hofer (November 22, 1767 – February 20, 1810) was a Tyrolean innkeeper and drover, who in 1809 became the leader of the Tyrolean Rebellion against the revolutionary Napoleonic invasion during the War of the Fifth Coalition.

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Andreas Oxner

Anderl (Andreas) Oxner von Rinn, also known as Andreas Oxner, (c. 1459 – 12 July 1462) is a folk saint of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Andreas Reischek

Andreas Reischek (15 September 1845 – 3 April 1902) was an Austrian taxidermist, naturalist, ornithologist, collector and thief notable for his extensive natural history collecting expeditions throughout New Zealand as well as being notorious for acts of grave robbing there.

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Andreas von Graben

Andreas von Graben zu Sommeregg (15th century – 1463) was a Carinthian knight and nobleman residing at Sommeregg Castle.

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Anna Catherine Constance Vasa

Anna Catherine Constance Vasa of Poland (Anna Katarzyna Konstancja Waza; 7 August 1619 in Warsaw – 8 October 1651 in Cologne) was a Polish princess, daughter of King Sigismund III Vasa and his second wife Constance of Austria.

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Anna de' Medici, Archduchess of Austria

Anna de' Medici (21 July 1616 – 11 September 1676) was a daughter of Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and his wife Maria Maddalena of Austria.

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Anna of Tyrol

Anna of Tyrol (4 October 1585 – 14 December 1618), was by birth Archduchess of Austria and member of the Tyrolese branch of the House of Habsburg and by marriage Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Bohemia and Queen of Hungary.

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Annelies Reinhold

Annelies Reinhold (1917–2007) was an Austrian film actress.

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Anton Adner

Anton Adner (1705? – 15 March 1822), also known as the Bavarian Methusalem, was a Bavarian artisan of wood, who reportedly has been one of the oldest people to live in that region of Germany.

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Anton Ausserer

Anton Ausserer (5 July 1843 in Bozen (Bolzano), Tyrol – 20 July 1889 in Graz) was an Austrian naturalist specialising in spiders.

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Anton Ferdinand Mittrowsky

Anton Ferdinand Count Mittrowsky von Mittrowitz und Nemyšl, or Anton Mittrovsky, (1745 - 30 September 1809) served in the Austrian army for many years.

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Anton Mitterwurzer

Anton Mitterwurzer (1818–76) was a German opera singer, a noted baritone interpreter of the works of Gluck, Marschner, and Wagner.

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Anton Pichler

Anton Pichler (April 12, 1697 – September 14, 1779) was a Tyrolean goldsmith and artist of engraved gems, and the son of a doctor.

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Anton Schübirz von Chobinin

Anton Schübirz or Anton Schubirz von Chobinin (21 December 1748 – 11 June 1801) fought for Habsburg Austria against Ottoman Turkey and the French First Republic.

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Antonio Rosmini

Blessed Antonio Francesco Davide Ambrogio Rosmini-Serbati (Rovereto, 25 March 1797Stresa, 1 July 1855) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and philosopher.

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Archbishopric of Salzburg

The Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg (Fürsterzbistum Salzburg) was an ecclesiastical principality and state of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Archducal hat

The archducal hat (Erzherzogshut) is the insignia of the Archduchy of Austria, mostly apparently symbolic and used in the heraldry and some portraits of Austrian archdukes rather than routinely worn.

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Archducal hat of Tyrol

The archducal hat of Tyrol is an insignia of the County of Tyrol.

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Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria

Not to be confused with Isabella Clara Eugenia, sovereign of the Netherlands. Isabella Clara of Austria (12 August 1629 – 24 February 1685), was a Duchess consort of Mantua, Montferrat, Nevers (until 1659), Mayenne (until 1654) and Rethel (until 1659) by marriage to Charles II, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat.

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Archduke Eugen of Austria

Archduke Eugen Ferdinand Pius Bernhard Felix Maria of Austria-Teschen (21 May 1863 – 30 December 1954) was an Archduke of Austria and a Prince of Hungary and Bohemia.

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Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria

Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria a.k.a. Ferdinand Burg (Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Johann Maria; Vienna, 27 December 1868 – Munich, 12 March 1915) He was the third son of Archduke Charles Louis of Austria and Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.

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Archduke John of Austria

Archduke John of Austria (Erzherzog Johann Baptist Joseph Fabian Sebastian von Österreich; 20 January 1782 – 11 May 1859), a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, was an Austrian field marshal and imperial regent (Reichsverweser) of the short-lived German Empire during the Revolutions of 1848.

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Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria

Archduke Karl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria (30 July 1833 – 19 May 1896) was the younger brother of Franz Joseph I of Austria (1830–1916), the father of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (1863–1914), whose assassination ignited World War I, and grandfather of the last emperor, Charles I.

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Archduke Stephen, Palatine of Hungary

Archduke Stephen Francis Victor (Stephan Franz Viktor, István nádor; 14 September 1817, in Buda – 19 February 1867, in Menton) was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and the Palatine of Hungary from 1847 to 1848.

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Arco Castle

Arco Castle (Italian: Castello di Arco, German: Schloss Arch) is a ruined castle located on a prominent spur high above Arco and the Sarca Valley in Trentino, northern Italy.

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Arms of Skanderbeg

Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg was a prominent figure in the history of Albania.

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Artur Phleps

Artur Gustav Martin Phleps (29 November 1881 – 21 September 1944) was an Austro-Hungarian, Romanian and German army officer who held the rank of SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS (lieutenant general) in the Waffen-SS during World War II.

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Außerfern

Außerfern refers to the district of Reutte in the Austrian federal state of Tyrol.

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August Bebel

Ferdinand August Bebel (22 February 1840 – 13 August 1913) was a German socialist politician, writer, and orator.

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August Becker (painter)

August Becker (27 January 1821 – 19 December 1887) was a German landscape painter.

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August Weismann

August Friedrich Leopold Weismann (17 January 1834 – 5 November 1914) was a German evolutionary biologist.

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Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council, or Cisleithania) and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or Transleithania) that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867.

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Austria–Chile relations

Austrian-Chilean relations are foreign relations between Austria and Chile.

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Austrian Circle

The Austrian Circle (Österreichischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Austrian Empire

The Austrian Empire (Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling Kaisertum Österreich) was a Central European multinational great power from 1804 to 1919, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs.

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Austrian Parliament Building

The Austrian Parliament Building (Parlamentsgebäude, colloquially das Parlament) in Vienna is where the two houses of the Austrian Parliament conduct their sessions.

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Austro-Hungarian Army

The Austro-Hungarian Army (Landstreitkräfte Österreich-Ungarns; Császári és Királyi Hadsereg) was the ground force of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy from 1867 to 1918.

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Étienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty

Étienne-Marie-Antoine Champion, comte de Nansouty (30 May 1768 – 12 February 1815) was a French cavalry commander during the French Revolutionary Wars who rose to the rank of General of Division in 1803 and subsequently held important military commands during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Balthasar Siberer

Balthasar Siberer (1679–1757) was an Austrian-born German gymnasium teacher, known for having been an early organ instructor of both Johann Ernst Eberlin and Leopold Mozart.

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Baptiste Pierre Bisson

Baptiste-Pierre-François Bisson (16 February 1767 at Montpellier, France – 26 July 1811, at Mantua in the Kingdom of Italy) joined the French army and rose rapidly in rank during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Barn owl

The barn owl (Tyto alba) is the most widely distributed species of owl and one of the most widespread of all birds.

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Baroque architecture

Baroque architecture is the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late 16th-century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church.

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Bartholomew Holzhauser

Venerable Bartholomew Holzhauser (August 24, 1613 – May 20, 1658) was a German priest, a founder of a religious community, and a visionary and writer of prophecies.

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Battle of Ampfing (1800)

At the Battle of Ampfing on 1 December 1800, Paul Grenier's two divisions of the First French Republic opposed against the Austrian army southwest of the town of Ampfing during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Battle of Arcole

The Battle of Arcole or Battle of Arcola (15–17 November 1796) was a battle fought between French and Austrian forces southeast of Verona during the War of the First Coalition, a part of the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Battle of Aspern-Essling

In the Battle of Aspern-Essling (21–22 May 1809), Napoleon attempted a forced crossing of the Danube near Vienna, but the French and their allies were driven back by the Austrians under Archduke Charles.

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Battle of Bassano

The Battle of Bassano was fought on 8 September 1796, during the French Revolutionary Wars, in the territory of the Republic of Venice, between a French army under Napoleon Bonaparte and Austrian forces led by Count Dagobert von Wurmser.

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Battle of Biberach (1800)

The Battle of Biberach on 9 May 1800 saw a French First Republic corps under Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr engage part of a Habsburg Austrian army led by Pál Kray.

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Battle of Caldiero (1805)

The Battle of Caldiero took place on 30 October 1805, pitting the French Armée d'Italie under Marshal André Masséna against an Austrian army under the command of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen.

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Battle of Calliano

The Battle of Calliano on 6 and 7 November 1796 saw an Austrian corps commanded by Paul Davidovich rout a French division directed by Claude Belgrand de Vaubois.

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Battle of Calliano (1487)

The Battle of Calliano was the decisive battle in the conflict between the Republic of Venice and Sigismund of Habsburg also known as the War of Rovereto.

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Battle of Calven

The Battle of Calven (Romansh: Chalavaina) took place on May 22, 1499 at the exit of the Val Müstair in the Grisons (now part of Switzerland) to the Vinschgau in County of Tyrol (now part of Italy) between the forces of king Maximilian I of the House of Habsburg and those of the free federation of the Three Leagues of the Grisons.

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Battle of Carpi

The Battle of Carpi was a series of manoeuvres in the summer of 1701, and the first battle of the War of the Spanish Succession that took place on 9 July 1701 between France and Austria.

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Battle of Castel di Sangro

The Battle of Castel di Sangro was a minor battle in the Neapolitan War that took place on 13 May 1815 in the town of Castel di Sangro in central Italy.

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Battle of Castelfranco Veneto

In the Battle of Castelfranco Veneto (24 November 1805), two divisions of the French Army of Italy confronted an Austrian brigade led by Prince Louis Victor de Rohan-Guéméné.

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Battle of Castiglione

The Battle of Castiglione saw the French Army of Italy under General Napoleon Bonaparte attack an army of Habsburg Austria led by Feldmarschall Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser on 5 August 1796.

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Battle of Elchingen

The Battle of Elchingen, fought on 14 October 1805, saw French forces under Michel Ney rout an Austrian corps led by Johann Sigismund Riesch.

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Battle of Feldkirch

The Battle of Feldkirch (23 March 1799) saw a Republican French corps led by André Masséna attack a weaker Habsburg Austrian force under Franz Jellacic.

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Battle of Günzburg

The Battle of Günzburg on 9 October 1805 saw General of Division Jean-Pierre Firmin Malher's French division attempt to seize a crossing over the Danube River at Günzburg in the face of a Habsburg Austrian army led by Feldmarschall-Leutnant Karl Mack von Lieberich.

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Battle of Gorjani

The Battle of Gorjani (Bitka kod Gorjana, Schlacht bei Gorjani) or Battle of Đakovo (Diakovári csata) was a battle fought on 9 October 1537 at Gorjani, a place in Slavonia (present-day eastern Croatia), between the towns of Đakovo and Valpovo, as part of the Little War in Hungary as well as the Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War.

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Battle of Graz

The Battle of Graz took place on 24–26 June 1809 between an Austrian corps commanded by Ignaz Gyulai and a French division led by Jean-Baptiste Broussier.

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Battle of Höchstädt (1800)

The Battle of Höchstädt was fought on 19 June 1800 on the north bank of the Danube near Höchstädt, and resulted in a French victory under General Jean Victor Marie Moreau against the Austrians under Baron Pál Kray.

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Battle of Linz-Urfahr

The Battle of Linz-Urfahr on 17 May 1809 saw soldiers from the Austrian Empire fighting against troops from two of Emperor Napoleon's allies, the Kingdom of Württemberg and the Kingdom of Saxony.

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Battle of Maudach

The Battle of Maudach occurred on June 15th 1796, between the French Revolutionary Army and the Army of the First Coalition.

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Battle of Neuburg (1800)

The Battle of Neuburg occurred on 27 June 1800 in the south German state of Bavaria, on the southern bank of the Danube river.

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Battle of Novi (1799)

The Battle of Novi (15 August 1799) saw a combined army of Habsburg Austrians and Imperial Russians under Field Marshal Alexander Suvorov attack a Republican French army under General Barthélemy Catherine Joubert.

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Battle of Piave River (1809)

The Battle of Piave River was fought on 8 May 1809 between the Franco-Italian army under the command of Eugène de Beauharnais and an Austrian army led by Archduke John of Austria. The Austrian commander made a stand behind the Piave River but he suffered a defeat at the hands of his numerically superior foes. The combat took place near Nervesa della Battaglia, Italy during the War of the Fifth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. The initial Austrian invasion of Venetia succeeded in driving the Franco-Italian defenders back to Verona. At the beginning of May, news of Austrian defeats in Bavaria and inferiority in numbers caused Archduke John to begin retreating to the northeast. When he heard that his enemies were crossing the Piave, the Austrian commander turned back to give battle, intending to slow Eugène's pursuit of his army. Eugène ordered his vanguard across the river early in the morning. It soon ran into vigorous Austrian resistance, but the arrival of French cavalry stabilized the situation by mid-morning. Rapidly rising waters hampered the buildup of French infantry reinforcements and prevented a significant portion of Eugène's army from crossing at all. In the late afternoon, Eugène launched his main attack which turned John's left flank and finally overran his main line of defense. Damaged but not destroyed, the Austrians continued their withdrawal into Carinthia (in modern-day Austria) and Carniola (in modern-day Slovenia).

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Battle of Sacile

The Battle of Sacile (also known as the Battle of Fontana Fredda) on 16 April 1809 and its companion Clash at Pordenone on 15 April saw an Austrian army commanded by Archduke John of Austria defeat a Franco-Italian army led by Eugène de Beauharnais and force it to retreat.

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Battle of Schellenberg

The Battle of Schellenberg, also known as the Battle of Donauwörth, was fought on 2 July 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession.

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Battle of Stockach (1799)

The Battle of Stockach occurred on 25 March 1799, when French and Austrian armies fought for control of the geographically strategic Hegau region in present-day Baden-Württemberg.

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Battle of Stockach (1800)

The Battle of Stockach and Engen was fought on 3 May 1800 between the army of the First French Republic under Jean Victor Marie Moreau and the army of Habsburg Austria led by Pál Kray.

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Battle of Tarvis (1797)

In the Battle of Tarvis (21–23 March 1797) three divisions of a First French Republic army commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte attacked several columns of the retreating Habsburg Austrian army led by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen.

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Battle of Teugen-Hausen

The Battle of Teugen-Hausen or the Battle of Thann was an engagement that occurred during the War of the Fifth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars.

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Battle of Ulm

The Battle of Ulm on 16–19 October 1805 was a series of skirmishes, at the end of the Ulm Campaign, which allowed Napoleon I to trap an entire Austrian army under the command of Karl Freiherr Mack von Leiberich with minimal losses and to force its surrender near Ulm in the Electorate of Bavaria.

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Battle of Verona (1805)

The Battle of Verona was fought on 18 October 1805 between the French Army of Italy under the command of André Masséna and an Austrian army led by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen.

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Battle of Wagram

The Battle of Wagram (5–6 July 1809) was a military engagement of the Napoleonic Wars that ended in a costly but decisive victory for Emperor Napoleon I's French and allied army against the Austrian army under the command of Archduke Charles of Austria-Teschen.

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Battle of Wörgl

In the Battle of Wörgl or Wörgel on 13 May 1809 a Bavarian force under French Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre attacked an Austrian Empire detachment commanded by Johann Gabriel Chasteler de Courcelles.

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Battles of Bergisel

The Battles of Bergisel were four battles fought between the forces of Emperor Napoleon I of France and the Kingdom of Bavaria against Tyrolese militiamen and a contingent of Austrian regular soldiers at the Bergisel hill near Innsbruck.

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Bavaria

Bavaria (Bavarian and Bayern), officially the Free State of Bavaria (Freistaat Bayern), is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner.

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Bavaria-Landshut

Bavaria-Landshut (Bayern-Landshut) was a duchy in the Holy Roman Empire from 1353 to 1503.

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Bavarian National Museum

The Bavarian National Museum (Bayerisches Nationalmuseum) in Munich is one of the most important museums of decorative arts in Europe and one of the largest art museums in Germany.

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Bavarian Rummel

The Bavarian Rummel (Bayrischer Rummel; Bavarian:Boarischer Rummel) was the term used to downplay the warlike events in which Bavarian troops of Elector Maximilian II Emanuel invaded the County of Tyrol in 1703 during the War of the Spanish Succession.

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Bündner Wirren

The Bündner Wirren (Scumbigls grischuns/Scumpigls grischuns/Sgurdins grischuns, Troubles des Grisons, Torbidi grigionesi, English: Confusion of Graubünden or Confusion of the Leagues) was a conflict that lasted between 1618 and 1639 in what is now the Swiss canton of Graubünden.

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Bear hunting

Bear hunting is the act of hunting bears.

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Beda Weber

Johann Chrysanth "Beda" Weber (26 October 1798 – 28 February 1859) was a German Benedictine professor, author, and member of the Frankfurt Parliament.

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Belfiore martyrs

The Belfiore martyrs were a group of pro-independence fighters condemned to death by hanging in 1853 during the Italian Risorgimento.

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Benedetto Cairoli

Benedetto Cairoli (28 January 18258 August 1889) was an Italian politician.

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Berchtesgadener Land

Berchtesgadener Land is a ''Landkreis'' (district) in Bavaria, Germany.

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Bernard Connor

Bernard Connor or O'Connor M.D. (c.1666–1698) was an Irish physician and historian.

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Bernardine of Feltre

The Blessed Bernardine of Feltre (sometimes Bernardinus of Feltre) was a Friar Minor and missionary, b. at Feltre, Italy, in 1439 and d. at Pavia, 28 September 1494.

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Bernhard Erasmus von Deroy

Bernhard Erasmus von Deroy (11 December 1743 – 23 August 1812) from the Electorate of the Palatinate became a noted general officer in the army of Bavaria.

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Bernhard von Wüllerstorf-Urbair

Baron Bernhard von Wüllerstorf-Urbair, also: von Wüllersdorf-Urbair or von Wüllerstorf und Urbair, (29 January 1816 – 10 August 1883) was an Austrian vice admiral and, from 1865 to 1867, (k.k.) Austrian Imperial Minister of Trade.

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Berthold I, Count of Tyrol

Berthold I (died 7 March 1180) was Count of Tyrol from about 1165 until his death.

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Berthold VII, Count of Henneberg-Schleusingen

Berthold VII, Count of Henneberg-Schleusingen (nicknamed the Wise, born: 1272 in Schleusingen; died: 13 April 1340, Schleusingen) was Count of Henneberg- Schleusingen from 1284 to 1340.

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Bianca Maria Sforza

Bianca Maria Sforza (5 April 1472 – 31 December 1510) was a Queen of the Romans and Holy Roman Empress as the second spouse of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.

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Bids for the 2022 Winter Olympics

A total of six bids were initially submitted for the 2022 Winter Olympics.

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Bishopric of Brixen

The Prince-Bishopric of Brixen is a former ecclesiastical state of the Holy Roman Empire in the present-day Italian province of South Tyrol.

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Bishopric of Trent

The Prince-Bishopric of Trent or Bishopric of Trent for short is a former ecclesiastical principality roughly corresponding to the present-day Northern Italian autonomous province of Trentino.

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Bishopric of Würzburg

The Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire located in Lower Franconia west of the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg.

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Blasius Ammon

Blasius Amon, O.F.M., (1558 – June 1590) was an Austrian Franciscan friar and Catholic priest, who was also a composer and singer during the late Renaissance.

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Bolzano

Bolzano (or; German: Bozen (formerly Botzen),; Balsan or Bulsan; Bauzanum) is the capital city of the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy.

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Branik Castle

Branik Castle (Grad Branik), also known as Rihemberk Castle (Grad Rihemberk), is a 13th-century castle above the village of Branik, near the city of Nova Gorica in southwestern Slovenia.

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Brücken, Kusel

Brücken (Pfalz) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Brenner Pass

Brenner Pass (Brennerpass; Passo del Brennero) is a mountain pass through the Alps which forms the border between Italy and Austria.

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Brixen

Brixen (Bressanone; Ladin: Porsenù or Persenon) is a town in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about north of Bolzano.

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Bruneck

Bruneck (Brunico or Ladin: Bornech or Burnech; Branecium or Brunopolis) is the largest town in the Puster Valley in the Italian province of South Tyrol.

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Burg Bruck

Burg Bruck is a medieval castle in Lienz in Tyrol, Austria.

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Burg Sommeregg

Sommeregg is a medieval castle near Seeboden in the Austrian state of Carinthia, Austria.

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Burggrafenamt

The Burggrafenamt (Burgraviato, Burggrafenamt) is a district (comprensorio, Bezirksgemeinschaft) in the western part of the Italian province of South Tyrol.

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Burgher arms

Burgher arms are coats of arms borne by persons of the burgher social class of Europe (usually called bourgeois in English) since the Middle Ages.

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Buxheim Charterhouse

Buxheim Charterhouse (Reichskartause Buxheim) was formerly a monastery of the Carthusians (in fact, the largest charterhouse in Germany) and is now a monastery of the Salesians.

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Cadore

Cadore (Cadòr; Cadòr or, rarely, Cadòria; Cadober or Kadober; Sappada German: Kadour; Cjadovri) is a historical region in the Italian region of Veneto, in the northernmost part of the province of Belluno bordering on Austria, the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

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Campaigns of 1796 in the French Revolutionary Wars

The French Revolutionary Wars continued from 1795, with the French in an increasingly strong position as members of the First Coalition made separate peaces.

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Campaigns of 1797 in the French Revolutionary Wars

The French Revolutionary Wars continued from 1796, with France fighting the First Coalition.

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Campaigns of 1799 in the French Revolutionary Wars

By 1799, the French Revolutionary Wars had resumed after a period of relative peace in 1798.

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Campaigns of 1800 in the French Revolutionary Wars

The French Revolutionary Wars continued from 1799 with the French fighting the forces of the Second Coalition.

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Capitulation of Dornbirn

The Capitulation of Dornbirn (13 November 1805) saw the French VII Corps under Marshal Pierre Augereau face an Austrian force led by Franz Jellacic.

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Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria

Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand (also known as Don Fernando de Austria, Cardenal-Infante Fernando de España and as Ferdinand von Österreich; May 1609 or 1610 – 9 November 1641) was Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, Cardinal of the Holy Catholic Church, Infante of Spain, Infante of Portugal (until 1640), Archduke of Austria, Archbishop of Toledo (1619–41), and military commander during the Thirty Years' War.

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Carl Friedländer

Carl Friedländer (19 November 1847, Brieg (Brzeg), Silesia – 13 May 1887, Meran (Merano), County of Tyrol) was a German pathologist and microbiologist who helped discover the bacterial cause of pneumonia in 1882.

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Carl Friedrich Goerdeler

Carl Friedrich Goerdeler (31 July 1884 – 2 February 1945) was a monarchist conservative German politician, executive, economist, civil servant, and opponent of the Nazi regime.

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Carl Toldt

Carl Toldt (May 3, 1840 – November 13, 1920) was an Austrian anatomist who was a native of Bruneck, Tyrol.

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Carl Wilhelm von Heideck

Carl Wilhelm von Heideck (Κάρολος φον Χέυδεκ, born in Sarralbe, Moselle, on 6 December 1788 – died in Munich on 21 February 1861) was a Bavarian military officer, a philhellene and painter.

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Caroline Augusta of Bavaria

Princess Caroline Augusta of Bavaria (Karoline Auguste; Mannheim, 8 February 1792 – 9 February 1873 in Vienna) was an Empress consort of Austria by marriage to Francis I of Austria.

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Casa de la Panadería

The Casa de la Panadería is a municipal and cultural building on the north side of the Plaza Mayor in Madrid.

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Caterina Sforza

Caterina Sforza (1463 – 28 May 1509) was an Italian noblewoman and Countess of Forlì and Lady of Imola firstly with her husband Girolamo Riario, and after his death as a regent of her son Ottaviano.

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Cathedral of St. John of Nepomuk, Zrenjanin

The Cathedral of Saint John of Nepomuk (Катедрала светог Ивана Непомука / Кatedrala svetog Ivana Nepomuka, Nepomuki Szent Jánosszékesegyház) is a Roman Catholic Cathedral in Zrenjanin, Serbia.

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Catherine of Saxony, Archduchess of Austria

Catherine of Saxony (24 July 1468 – 10 February 1524), a member of the House of Wettin, was the second wife of Sigismund, Archduke of Austria and Regent of Tyrol.

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Causes of World War II

Among the causes of World War II were Italian fascism in the 1920s, Japanese militarism and invasion of China in the 1930s, and especially the political takeover in 1933 of Germany by Hitler and his Nazi Party and its aggressive foreign policy.

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Cesare Battisti (politician)

Cesare Battisti (4 February 1875 – 12 July 1916) was an Italian patriot, geographer, socialist politician and journalist of Austrian citizenship, who became a prominent Irredentist at the start of the First World War.

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Chancellor of Austria

The Chancellor of Austria, officially the Federal Chancellor of the Republic of Austria (Bundeskanzler der Republik Österreich, sometimes shortened to Kanzler) is the head of government of the Austrian Republic.

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Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles IV (Karel IV., Karl IV., Carolus IV; 14 May 1316 – 29 November 1378Karl IV. In: (1960): Geschichte in Gestalten (History in figures), vol. 2: F-K. 38, Frankfurt 1963, p. 294), born Wenceslaus, was a King of Bohemia and the first King of Bohemia to also become Holy Roman Emperor.

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Charles Louis Huguet, marquis de Sémonville

Charles Louis Huguet, marquis de Sémonville (9 March 175911 August 1839) was a French diplomat and politician.

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Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V (Carlos; Karl; Carlo; Karel; Carolus; 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506.

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Charles, Count Alten

Field Marshal Sir Charles (Carl August von) Alten (21 October 1764 – 20 April 1840), Hanoverian and British soldier, son of Baron Alten, a member of an old Hanoverian family, entered the service of the elector as a page at the age of twelve.

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Christian Friedrich Hornschuch

Christian Friedrich Hornschuch (August 21, 1793 – December 24, 1850) was a German botanist born in Rodach, Bavaria.

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Christoph Bartholomäus Anton Migazzi

Christoph Bartholomäus Anton Migazzi; (Christoph Bartholomäus Anton Migazzi von Wall und Sonnenthurm, Cristoforo Bartolomeo Antonio Migazzi di Waal e Sonnenthurn, Migazzi Kristóf Antal) (20 October 1714, Trento – 14 April 1803, Vienna) was Prince-Archbishop of Vienna.

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Chur

Chur or Coire (or; Cuira or; Coira; Coire)Others: CVRIA, CVRIA RHAETORVM and CVRIA RAETORVM is the capital and largest town of the Swiss canton of Grisons and lies in the Grisonian Rhine Valley, where the Rhine turns towards the north, in the northern part of the canton.

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Church of Saint Maurice (Ebersmunster)

The (former) Abbey church Saint Maurice (French: Abbatiale Saint-Maurice) is the main attraction of the village of Ebersmunster near Sélestat, Alsace.

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Cisleithania

Cisleithania (Cisleithanien, also Zisleithanien, Ciszlajtánia, Předlitavsko, Predlitavsko, Przedlitawia, Cislajtanija, Цислајтанија, Cislajtanija, Cisleithania, Цислейтанія, transliterated: Tsysleitàniia, Cisleitania) was a common yet unofficial denotation of the northern and western part of Austria-Hungary, the Dual Monarchy created in the Compromise of 1867—as distinguished from Transleithania, i.e. the Hungarian Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen east of ("beyond") the Leitha River.

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Cisleithanian legislative election, 1907

A legislative election to elect the members of the 11th Imperial Council were held in Cisleithania, the northern and western ("Austrian") crown lands of Austria-Hungary, on 14 and 23 May 1907.

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Citizens' Union for South Tyrol

The Citizens' Union for South Tyrol (BürgerUnion für Südtirol, BUfS; formerly Union for South Tyrol, Union für Südtirol, UfS) is a national-conservative political party active in South Tyrol, Italy.

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Clary und Aldringen

Clary und Aldringen, also known as Clary-Aldringen, is one of the most prominent Austro-Hungarian princely families.

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Claudia de' Medici

Claudia de' Medici (4 June 1604 – 25 December 1648) was Regent of the Austrian County of Tyrol during the minority of her son from 1632 until 1646.

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Claudia Felicitas of Austria

Archduchess Claudia Felicitas of Austria (30 May 1653 – 8 April 1676) was by birth an Archduchess of Austria and by marriage Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Archduchess consort of Austria, Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia as the second wife of Leopold I. A member of the Third Order of Saint Dominic, she had a beautiful singing voice and composed music, and also was passionately fond of hunting.

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Clemente Bondi

Clemente Luigi Donnino Bondi (June 27, 1742 – June 20, 1821) was an Italian poet and translator.

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Clitopilus prunulus

Clitopilus prunulus, commonly known as the miller or the sweetbread mushroom, is an edible pink-spored basidiomycete mushroom found in grasslands in Europe and North America.

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Coat of arms of Austria-Hungary

The coat of arms of Austria-Hungary was that country's symbol during its existence from the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 to its dissolution in 1918.

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Coat of arms of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, or Charles I of Spain, was the heir of four of Europe's leading royal houses.

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Coats of arms of Spanish monarchs in Italy

The Spanish monarchs of the House of Habsburg and Philip V used separate versions of their royal arms as sovereigns of the Kingdom of Naples-Sicily, Sardinia and the Duchy of Milan with the arms of these territories.

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Coats of arms of the Holy Roman Empire

Over its long history, the Holy Roman Empire used many different heraldic forms, representing its numerous internal divisions.

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Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna (Wiener Kongress) also called Vienna Congress, was a meeting of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815, though the delegates had arrived and were already negotiating by late September 1814.

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Conrad Grünenberg

Conrad Grünenberg (also Konrad Grünemberg; d. 1494) was an inhabitant of Constance known for his armorial, a chronicle containg coats-of-arms (Österreichische Wappenchronik, 1492?) and for the illustrated travelogue of his pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1486 (extant in several manuscripts including Cod. St. Peter pap. 32 in Baden State Library).

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Conrad Tanner

Conrad Tanner (28 December 1752 at Arth in the Canton of Schwyz – 7 April 1825) was a Swiss Benedictine Abbot of Einsiedeln.

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Copper in health

Copper is an essential trace element that is vital to the health of all living things (humans, plants, animals, and microorganisms).

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Cortina d'Ampezzo

Cortina d'Ampezzo (Ladin: Anpezo, Ampëz), commonly referred to as Cortina, is a town and comune in the heart of the southern (Dolomitic) Alps in the Veneto region of Northern Italy.

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Cosroe Dusi

Cosroe Dusi (July 28, 1808 – October 9, 1859) was an Italian painter in the Neoclassical style, active for many years in St Petersburg, Russia, painting mainly sacred and historical subjects.

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Count Leopold Anton von Firmian

Leopold Anton Eleutherius Freiherr von Firmian (11 March 1679 – 22 October 1744) was Bishop of Lavant 1718–24, Bishop of Seckau 1724–27 and Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg from 1727 until his death.

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Counts of Ortenburg

The Counts of Ortenburg (Grafen von Ortenburg) were a comital family in the mediaeval Duchy of Carinthia.

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County of Gorizia

The County of Gorizia (Contea di Gorizia, Grafschaft Görz, Goriška grofija, Contee di Gurize), from 1365 Princely County of Gorizia, was a State of the Holy Roman Empire.

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County of Werdenfels

The County of Werdenfels (German: Grafschaft Werdenfels) in the present-day Werdenfelser Land in South Germany was a county that enjoyed imperial immediacy that belonged to the Bishopric of Freising from the late 13th century until the secularisation of the Bishopric in 1803.

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Cristopher Unterberger

Christopher Unterberger (27 May 1732 – 25 January 1798) was an Italian painter of the early-Neoclassical period.

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Dalečín

Dalečín is a village and municipality (obec) in Žďár nad Sázavou District in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic.

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Daniel Fohr

Daniel Fohr, born at Heidelberg in 1801, first studied science, which he afterwards abandoned for the art of painting.

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Daniel Harrwitz

Daniel Harrwitz (29 April 1823 – 9 January 1884) was a Jewish German chess master.

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David Heinrich Hoppe

David Heinrich Hoppe (15 December 1760 – 1 August 1846) was a German pharmacist, botanist, entomologist and physician.

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Dénes Györgyi

Dénes Györgyi (April 25, 1886 – November 25, 1961) was a Hungarian architect,, Hungarian Electronic Library, retrieved 11 May 2012 a member of the Györgyi-Giergl artistic family.

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Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu

Dieudonné Sylvain Guy Tancrède de Gratet de Dolomieu usually known as Déodat de Dolomieu (23 June 175028 November 1801) was a French geologist; the mineral and the rock dolomite and the largest summital crater on the Piton de la Fournaise volcano were named after him.

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Death and funeral of Otto von Habsburg

On 4 July 2011, Otto von Habsburg, also known as Otto of Austria, former head of the House of Habsburg and Sovereign of the Order of the Golden Fleece (1922–2007) and former Crown Prince (1916–1918) and, by pretence, Emperor-King (from 1922), of Austria-Hungary—or formally, of Austria, Hungary and Bohemia, of Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia, Lodomeria and Illyria, and of Jerusalem etc.

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Der Vogelhändler

(The Bird Seller) is an operetta in three acts by Carl Zeller with a libretto by and based on Victor Varin's and de Biéville's (1857).

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Desloch

Desloch is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Deutschfreiheitliche Partei

The Deutschfreiheitliche Partei (in English, German Freedom Party, in Italian Partito Libertario Tedesco) was a political party active in Tyrol at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.

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Diana Budisavljević

Diana Budisavljević (née Obexer; 15 January 1891 – 20 August 1978) was a humanitarian of Austrian descent who led a major relief effort in Yugoslavia during World War II that rescued ethnic Serb and, in smaller numbers, Jewish, children from the concentration camps operated in the Independent State of Croatia, saving more than 12,000 lives.

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Dravograd

Dravograd (Unterdrauburg) is a small town in northern Slovenia, close to the border with Austria.

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Dreiherrnspitze

The Dreiherrnspitze (Picco dei Tre Signori), at above mean sea level, is a mountain on the tripoint between the Austrian states of Salzburg and Tyrol (i.e. East Tyrol), and South Tyrol in Italy.

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Duchy of Austria

The Duchy of Austria (Herzogtum Österreich) was a medieval principality of the Holy Roman Empire, established in 1156 by the Privilegium Minus, when the Margraviate of Austria (Ostarrîchi) was detached from Bavaria and elevated to a duchy in its own right.

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Duchy of Bavaria

The Duchy of Bavaria (German: Herzogtum Bayern) was, from the sixth through the eighth century, a frontier region in the southeastern part of the Merovingian kingdom.

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Duchy of Carinthia

The Duchy of Carinthia (Herzogtum Kärnten; Vojvodina Koroška) was a duchy located in southern Austria and parts of northern Slovenia.

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Duchy of Carniola

The Duchy of Carniola (Vojvodina Kranjska, Herzogtum Krain, Krajna) was a State of the Holy Roman Empire, established under Habsburg rule on the territory of the former East Frankish March of Carniola in 1364.

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Duchy of Merania

The Duchy of Merania (Herzogtum Meranien, Vojvodina Meranija) was a fiefdom of the Holy Roman Empire from 1152 until 1248.

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Duchy of Salzburg

The Duchy of Salzburg was a Cisleithanian crown land of the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary from 1849–1918.

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Duchy of Tridentum

The Duchy of Tridentum (Trent) was an autonomous Lombard duchy, established by Euin during the Lombard interregnum of 574–584 that followed the assassination of the Lombard leader Alboin.

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Duke William of Württemberg

Duke William of Württemberg (Herzog Wilhelm Nikolaus von Württemberg; 20 July 1828 – 5 November 1896) was an Austrian and Württemberg General.

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Early clashes in the Rhine campaign of 1796

In the Rhine Campaign of 1796 (June 1796 to February 1797), two First Coalition armies under the overall command of Archduke Charles outmaneuvered and defeated two Republican French armies.

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East Tyrol

East Tyrol, occasionally East Tirol (Osttirol), is an exclave of the Austrian state of Tyrol, separated from the main North Tyrol part by the short common border of Salzburg and Italian South Tyrol (Südtirol, Alto Adige).

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Eastern Alps

Eastern Alps is the name given to the eastern half of the Alps, usually defined as the area east of a line from Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine valley up to the Splügen Pass at the Alpine divide and down the Liro River to Lake Como in the south.

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Eßweiler

Eßweiler (with a short E; also Essweiler) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Edgar Meyer (painter)

Edgar Meyer (1853–1925) was an Austrian painter who built himself a castle and engaged in politics.

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Edmund Mach Foundation

The Edmund Mach Foundation, formerly the Istituto Agrario di San Michele all’Adige (IASMA), is an agrarian institution and wine academy located in Trentino in north-east Italy.

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Eduard Taaffe, 11th Viscount Taaffe

Eduard Franz Joseph Graf von Taaffe, 11th Viscount Taaffe (24 February 1833 – 29 November 1895) was an Austrian statesman, who served for two terms as Minister-President of Cisleithania, leading cabinets from 1868 to 1870 and 1879 to 1893.

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Edward Theodore Compton

Edward Theodore Compton, usually referred to as E. T. Compton, (29 July 1849 – 22 March 1921) was an English-born, German artist, illustrator and mountain climber.

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Eggenberg family

Eggenberg was the name of an Austrian noble family from Styria, who achieved princely rank in the 17th century.

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Eggenberg Palace, Graz

Eggenberg Palace (Schloss Eggenberg) in Graz is the most significant Baroque palace complex in Styria.

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Electoral Palatinate

The County Palatine of the Rhine (Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein), later the Electorate of the Palatinate (Kurfürstentum von der Pfalz) or simply Electoral Palatinate (Kurpfalz), was a territory in the Holy Roman Empire (specifically, a palatinate) administered by the Count Palatine of the Rhine.

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Elias Holl

Elias Holl (February 28, 1573 in Augsburg – January 6, 1646 in Augsburg) was the most important architect of late German Renaissance architecture.

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Elisabeth of Austria, Duchess of Lorraine

Elisabeth of Austria (c. 1285 – 19 May 1353), also known as Isabelle, was a duchess consort of Lorraine, and regent of Lorraine during the minority of her son from 1329 utill 1331.

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Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Germany

Elisabeth of Bavaria (– 9 October 1273), a member of the House of Wittelsbach, was Queen consort of Germany from 1246 to 1254 by her marriage to King Conrad IV of Germany.

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Elisabeth von Matsch

Elisabeth von Matsch (also von Mätsch, Mazzo, von Toggenburg, date of birth unknown; † after 20 June 1442, assumably on 24 November 1446, probably in the Rüti Abbey) was the last countess of the Swiss noble House of Toggenburg and wife of Friedrich VII, count of Toggenburg.

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Elizabeth of Carinthia, Queen of Sicily

Elizabeth of Carinthia (1298–1352) was an influential queen and royal family member in the Kingdom of Sicily, who lived and ruled in a tumultuous time.

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Emily Gerard

(Jane) Emily Gerard (7 May 1849 – 11 January 1905) was a nineteenth-century author best known for the influence her collections of Transylvanian folklore had on Bram Stoker's Dracula.

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Emperor of Austria

The Emperor of Austria (German: Kaiser von Österreich) was the ruler of the Austrian Empire and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

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Erik Werenskiold

Erik Theodor Werenskiold (11 February 1855 – 23 November 1938) was a Norwegian painter and illustrator.

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Ernest von Koerber

Ernest Karl Franz Joseph Thomas Friedrich von Koerber (6 November 1850 – 5 March 1919) was an Austrian liberal statesman who served as Minister-President of Cisleithania from 1900 to 1904 and again in 1916.

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Ernest, Duke of Austria

Ernest the Iron (1377 – 10 June 1424), a member of the House of Habsburg, ruled over the Inner Austrian duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola from 1406 until his death.

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Ethnic and religious composition of Austria-Hungary

The ethno-linguistic composition of Austria-Hungary according to the census of 31 December 1910 was as follows.

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Ettore Tolomei

Ettore Tolomei (16 August 1865 in Rovereto – 25 May 1952 in Rome) was an Italian nationalist and fascist.

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Falkenstein Castle (Pfronten)

Falkenstein Castle or Castrum Pfronten is the ruin of a castle in the Bavarian Alps, near Pfronten, Germany.

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Feliciano Ninguarda

Feliciano (spelled Felizian in Germany) Ninguarda (1524 – 5 June 1595) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate and one of the main movers of the Counter Reformation.

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Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Austria

Ferdinand Charles (17 May 1628 – 30 December 1662) was the Archduke of Further Austria, including Tyrol, from 1646 to 1662.

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Ferdinand I of Austria

Ferdinand I (19 April 1793 – 29 June 1875) was the Emperor of Austria from 1835 until his abdication in 1848.

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Ferdinand von Richthofen

Baron Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen FRSFor HFRSE BGS (5 May 18336 October 1905), better known in English as was a German traveller, geographer, and scientist.

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Fiemme Valley

Location of the Fiemme Valley in Trentino. The Lagorai seen from Passo Lusia. Fiemme Valley (Val di Fiemme, Fleimstal) is a valley in the Trentino province, i.e. the southern half of the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region, in northern Italy, located in the Dolomites mountain region.

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Fifth Crusade

The Fifth Crusade (1217–1221) was an attempt by Western Europeans to reacquire Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first conquering the powerful Ayyubid state in Egypt.

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Fortresses of the German Confederation

Under the term of the 1815 Peace of Paris, France was obliged to pay for the construction of a line of fortresses to protect the German Confederation against any future aggression by France.

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François Joseph Lefebvre

François Joseph Lefebvre (25 October 1755 – 14 September 1820), Duc de Dantzig,Francis Joseph Lefebvre, Alvin K. Benson, Magill's Guide to Military History, Vol.

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Franjo Jelačić

Baron Franjo Jelačić Bužimski (English: Franz Jellacic, also Francis Yellachich of Buzhim or German: Franz Jellačić von Buzim, Hungarian: Ferenc Jellacsics de Buzim) (14 April 1746 – 4 February 1810) was a Croatian nobleman, a member of the House of Jelačić.

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Franjo Malgaj

Franjo Malgaj (November 10, 1894 – May 6, 1919) was a Slovenian soldier, military leader and poet.

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Frank Linke-Crawford

Oberleutnant Frank Linke-Crawford (18 August 1893 – 30 July 1918),http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/austrhun/linke-crawford.php was the fourth-ranking ace of the Austro-Hungarian Air Force during World War I, with 27 victories.

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Franz Defregger

Franz Defregger (after 1883 Franz von Defregger) (30 April 1835 – 2 January 1921) was an Austrian artist known for producing genre art and history paintings set in his native Tyrol.

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Franz Joseph I of Austria

Franz Joseph I also Franz Josef I or Francis Joseph I (Franz Joseph Karl; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and monarch of other states in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, from 2 December 1848 to his death.

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Franz Joseph, Marquis de Lusignan

Franz Joseph, Marquis de Lusignan (23 June 1753 – 23 December 1832), a Spaniard, joined the Austrian army and fought against Prussian soldiers and Belgian rebels.

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Franz Rellich

Franz Rellich (September 14, 1906 – September 25, 1955) was an Austrian-German mathematician.

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Franz Rohr von Denta

Franz Freiherr Rohr von Denta (30 October 1854 – 9 December 1927) was an Austro-Hungarian Field Marshal and field commander who served as the last commander of the Austro-Hungarian First Army.

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Franz Senn

Franz Xaverius Senn (19 March 1831 – 31 January 1884) was an Austrian priest and mountaineer who was among the first to promote alpinism and foster the early development of mountaineering in Tyrol.

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Franz Tappeiner

Franz Tappeiner, Edler von Tappein (7 January 1816, Laas – 20 August 1902, Meran) was an Austrian physician and anthropologist.

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Franz Unger

Franz Joseph Andreas Nicolaus Unger (30 November 1800 in Gut Amthof near village Leutschach in Styria, Austria – 13 February 1870 in Graz) was an Austrian botanist, paleontologist and plant physiologist.

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Franz Xaver Feuchtmayer

Franz Xaver Feuchtmayer (the Elder) (1698–1763) was a German Baroque stucco plasterer of the Wessobrunner School.

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Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein

Franz-Joseph Müller, Freiherr von Reichenstein or Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein (1 July 1740 or 4 October 1742 – 12 October 1825 or 1826) was an Austrian mineralogist and mining engineer. Müller held several positions in the Habsburg Empire administration of mines and coinage in the Banat, Transylvania, and Tyrol. During his time in Transylvania he discovered tellurium in 1782. In his later career he became a member of the imperial council in Vienna and was knighted and elevated to the rank Freiherr in 1820.

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Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Frederick (– 5 June 1400), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruling Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1373 until his death.

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Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick III (21 September 1415 – 19 August 1493), was Holy Roman Emperor from 1452 until his death.

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Frederick IV, Duke of Austria

Frederick IV (1382 – 24 June 1439), also known as Frederick of the Empty Pockets (Friedrich mit der leeren Tasche), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria from 1402 until his death.

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French Revolutionary Wars

The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution.

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Friedrich family

The Friedrich are the most ancient German-Bohemian glass-maker family.

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Friedrich Hasenöhrl

Friedrich Hasenöhrl (30 November 1874 – 7 October 1915), was an Austrian physicist.

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Friedrich von Matthisson

Friedrich von Matthisson (23 January 1761 – 12 March 1831) was a German poet, an early member of the German Romantic movement.

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Fugger

Fugger is a German family that was a historically prominent group of European bankers, members of the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century mercantile patriciate of Augsburg, international mercantile bankers, and venture capitalists.

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Further Austria

Further Austria, Outer Austria or Anterior Austria (Vorderösterreich, formerly die Vorlande (pl.)) was the collective name for the early (and later) possessions of the House of Habsburg in the former Swabian stem duchy of south-western Germany, including territories in the Alsace region west of the Rhine and in Vorarlberg.

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Gabriel von Salamanca-Ortenburg

Gabriel von Salamanca (1489 – 12 December 1539) was a Spanish nobleman who served as general treasurer and archchancellor of the Habsburg archduke (and future Emperor) Ferdinand I of Austria from 1521 to 1526.

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Gates of Meran

The town gates of Meran in South Tyrol date back to the medieval period and are one of the attractions of the town today.

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Geislinger Steige

The Geislinger Steige ("Geislingen climb") is an old trade route over the low mountain range of the Swabian Jura in southern Germany.

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Gendarmerie (Austria)

The Federal Gendarmerie (Bundesgendarmerie) was an Austrian federal law enforcement agency.

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Georg Flegel

Georg Flegel (1566 Olomouc – 23 March 1638, Frankfurt-am-Main) was a German painter, best known for his still life works.

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Georg Luger

Georg Johann Luger (March 6, 1849 – December 22, 1923) was an Austrian designer of the famous Luger pistol and the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge.

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Georg Mader

Georg Mader (September 9, 1824 – May 31, 1881) was an Austrian painter.

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Georg Michael Pachtler

Georg Michael Pachtler (b. at Mergentheim, Württemberg, 14 September 1825; d. at Exaten, Netherlands, 12 August 1889) was a German Jesuit controversial and educational writer.

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Georg von Frundsberg

Georg von Frundsberg (24 September 1473 – 20 August 1528) was a German military and Landsknecht leader in the service of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation and Imperial House of Habsburg.

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George Forbes, 3rd Earl of Granard

George Forbes, 3rd Earl of Granard PC (21 October 1685 – 1765) was an Anglo-Irish naval commander and diplomat.

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German Confederation

The German Confederation (Deutscher Bund) was an association of 39 German-speaking states in Central Europe, created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to coordinate the economies of separate German-speaking countries and to replace the former Holy Roman Empire, which had been dissolved in 1806.

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German Peasants' War

The German Peasants' War, Great Peasants' War or Great Peasants' Revolt (Deutscher Bauernkrieg) was a widespread popular revolt in some German-speaking areas in Central Europe from 1524 to 1525.

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German Question

The German Question was a debate in the 19th century, especially during the Revolutions of 1848, over the best way to achieve the unification of Germany.

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German Tyrol

German Tyrol (Deutschtirol; Tirolo tedesco) is a historical region in the Alps now divided between Austria and Italy.

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Gino Watkins

Henry George "Gino" Watkins FRGS (29 January 1907 – c. 20 August 1932) was a British Arctic explorer and nephew of Bolton Eyres-Monsell, 1st Viscount Monsell.

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Gioacchino Prati

Gioacchino Prati (1790–1863) was an Italian revolutionary and patriot, a supporter of the Risorgimento who was exiled for his activities in 1821.

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Giovanni Kessler

Giovanni Kessler (Trento, June 11, 1956) is an Italian prosecutor.

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Giovanni Pietro de Pomis

Giovanni Pietro de Pomis (ca.1565 or 1569/70 – 6 March 1633) was an Italian painter, medailleur, architect and fortress master builder.

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Giovanni Segantini

Giovanni Segantini (15 January 1858 – 28 September 1899) was an Italian painter known for his large pastoral landscapes of the Alps.

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Girandoni air rifle

The Girandoni air rifle was an airgun designed by Tyrolian inventor Bartholomäus Girandoni circa 1779.

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Giuseppe Alberti

Giuseppe Alberti (3 October 1664 – 3 February 1716) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period.

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Giuseppe Zangara

Giuseppe "Joe" Zangara (September 7, 1900 – March 20, 1933) was an Italian immigrant and naturalized citizen of the United States who attempted to assassinate then-President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 15, 1933.

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Glurns

Glurns (Glorenza) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about northwest of Bolzano.

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Goldenes Dachl

The Goldenes Dachl (Golden Roof) is a landmark structure located in the Old Town (Altstadt) section of Innsbruck, Austria.

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Gorizia

Gorizia (Gorica, colloquially stara Gorica 'old Gorizia'; Görz, Standard Friulian: Gurize; Southeastern Friulian: Guriza; Bisiacco: Gorisia) is a town and comune in northeastern Italy, in the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia.

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Gottlob Berger

Gottlob Christian Berger (16 July 1896 – 5 January 1975) was a senior German Nazi official who held the rank of SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS (lieutenant general), and was the chief of the SS Main Office responsible for Schutzstaffel (SS) recruiting during World War II.

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Gottscheers

Gottscheers are the German settlers of the Kočevje region (a.k.a. Gottschee) of Slovenia, formerly Gottschee County.

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Graben von Stein

Graben von (zum) Stein, also named ab dem Graben, von (dem) Graben and vom Graben, is the name of an old Austrian noble family.

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Grand Duchy of Würzburg

The Grand Duchy of Würzburg (Großherzogtum Würzburg) was a German grand duchy centered on Würzburg existing in the early 19th century.

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Grand title of the Emperor of Austria

The Grand title of the Emperor of Austria was the official list of the crowns, titles, and dignities which the emperors of Austria carried from the foundation of the empire by Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor's imperial proclamation of August 11, 1804 until the end of the monarchy in 1918.

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Grande Armée

The Grande Armée (French for Great Army) was the army commanded by Napoleon during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Graziadio Isaia Ascoli

Graziadio Isaia Ascoli (16 July 1829 – 21 January 1907) was an Italian linguist.

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Gries am Brenner

Gries am Brenner is a municipality in the Wipptal in the southern district of Innsbruck-Land.

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Groat (coin)

The groat is the traditional name of a long-defunct English and Irish silver coin worth four pence, and also a Scottish coin originally worth fourpence, with later issues being valued at eightpence and one shilling.

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Groschen

Groschen (from grossus "thick", via Old Czech groš) was the (sometimes colloquial) name for a silver coin used in various states of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy

The Old Swiss Confederacy began as a late medieval alliance between the communities of the valleys in the Central Alps, at the time part of the Holy Roman Empire, to facilitate the management of common interests such as free trade and to ensure the peace along the important trade routes through the mountains.

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Guido de' Rossi

Guido de' Rossi (c. 1440 - 1490) was an Italian condottiero.

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Gundulić

The Gundulić (known in Italian as Gondola) was a noble family of the Republic of Ragusa, considered one of the most prestigious families of the republic.

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Gustav Mahler

Gustav Mahler (7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian late-Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation.

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Gustav von Myrdacz

Gustav von Myrdacz (born 12 July 1874 in Vienna; died 11 July 1945 in Tirana) was an Austrian noble who was instrumental in organising the Royal Albanian Army from the early 1920s to 1945.

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Gustavo Leonardi

Gustavo Leonardi (27 February 1869, Civezzano, County of Tyrol – 25 August 1918, Vintimille) was an Italian entomologist.

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György Pray

György Pray (also: George Pray, 11 September 1723 - 23 September 1801) was a Hungarian Jesuit Abbot, canon, librarian of the University library of Buda and important historian.

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Habsburg family tree

This is a family tree of the Habsburg family.

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Habsburg Monarchy

The Habsburg Monarchy (Habsburgermonarchie) or Empire is an unofficial appellation among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918.

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Haflinger

The Haflinger, also known as the Avelignese, is a breed of horse developed in Austria and northern Italy (namely Hafling in South Tyrol region) during the late nineteenth century.

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Hall in Tirol

Hall in Tyrol is a town in the Innsbruck-Land district of Tyrol, Austria.

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Hans Christoph Ernst von Gagern

Hans Christoph Ernst Freiherr von Gagern (25 January 176622 October 1852), German statesman and political writer, was born at Kleinniedesheim, near Worms.

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Hans Fischböck

Hans Fischböck (24 January 1895 – 3 July 1967) was an Austrian banker who was the economics minister and minister of finance of Austria and the finance minister of Nazi occupied Holland.

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Hans Haym

Hans Haym (29 November 1860 – 15 February 1921) was a German conductor of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

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Hans Hömberg

Hans Hömberg (14 December 1903 – 4 July 1982) was a German playwright, journalist, novelist and screenwriter.

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Hans Vintler

Hans Vintler (died 1419) was a late medieval Tyrolean poet, author of Die Pluemen der Tugent ("The Flowers of Virtue", ed. Zingerle 1874), a didactic poem of 10,172 lines.

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Hartmann von An der Lan-Hochbrunn

Hartmann von An der Lan-Hochbrunn, O.F.M., (21 December 1863 – 6 December 1914) was an Austrian Friar Minor and Catholic priest, who worked as a composer, organist and conductor.

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Heeresfeldbahn

A Heeresfeldbahn is a German or Austrian military field railway (in Austria also called a Rollbahn).

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Heimwehr

The Heimwehr (Home Guard) or sometimes Heimatschutz (Homeland Protection) were a nationalist, initially paramilitary group operating within Austria during the 1920s and 1930s; they were similar in methods, organisation, and ideology to Germany's Freikorps.

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Heinrich Ambros Eckert

Heinrich Ambros Eckert (1807–1840) was a German painter of battle-pieces.

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Helmschmied

The Helmschmieds of Augsburg were one of late medieval Europe's foremost families of armourers.

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Henry I, Count of Tyrol

Henry I (died 14 June 1190) was Count of Tyrol from 1180 until his death.

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Henry of Bohemia

Henry of Carinthia (Heinrich von Kärnten, Jindřich Korutanský; – 2 April 1335), a member of the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner), was Duke of Carinthia and Margrave of Carniola (as Henry VI) as well as Count of Tyrol from 1295 until his death.

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Henry VI, Count of Gorizia

Henry VI (1376–1454), a member of the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner dynasty), ruled as Count of Gorizia from 1385 until his death.

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Hermann Brix

Hermann Brix (1912–1982) was an Austrian stage and film actor.

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Herrenchiemsee

Herrenchiemsee is a complex of royal buildings on Herreninsel, the largest island in the Chiemsee lake, in southern Bavaria, Germany.

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High German consonant shift

In historical linguistics, the High German consonant shift or second Germanic consonant shift is a phonological development (sound change) that took place in the southern parts of the West Germanic dialect continuum in several phases.

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Hilarius of Sexten

Hilarius of Sexten (secular name Christian Gatterer) (1839, in the valley of Sexten in the county of Tyrol – 20 October 1900) was an Austrian Capuchin moral theologian.

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Hirschhorn (Neckar)

Hirschhorn (Neckar) is a small town in the Bergstraße district of Hesse, Germany, and is known as "The Pearl of the Neckar valley”.

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History of Austria

The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states, from the early Stone Age to the present state.

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History of Bavaria

The history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and its formation as a stem duchy in the 6th century through its inclusion in the Holy Roman Empire to its status as an independent kingdom and finally as a large Bundesland (state) of the modern Federal Republic of Germany.

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History of coins in Romania

The history of coins in the area that is now Romania spans over a 2500-year period; coins were first introduced in significant numbers to this area by the Greeks, through their colonies on the Black Sea shore.

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History of Franconia

Franconia (Franken) is a region that is not precisely defined, but which lies in the north of the Free State of Bavaria, parts of Baden-Württemberg and South Thuringia and Hesse in Germany.

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History of Italy

In archaic times, ancient Greeks, Etruscans and Celts established settlements in the south, the centre and the north of Italy respectively, while various Italian tribes and Italic peoples inhabited the Italian peninsula and insular Italy.

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History of South Tyrol

Modern-day South Tyrol, an autonomous Italian province created in 1948, was part of the Austro-Hungarian County of Tyrol until 1918 (then known as Deutschsüdtirol and occasionally Mitteltirol).

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History of the Alps

The valleys of the Alps have been inhabited since prehistoric times.

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History of the Jews in Innsbruck

The history of the Jews in Innsbruck, Austria, includes a number of communities such as the Israelite Community of Tyrol and Vorarlberg (Israelitische Kultusgemeinde für Tirol und Vorarlberg) that are located in Innsbruck.

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History of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

This articles covers the history of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars.

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History of the violin

The violin, viola, and cello were first made in the early 16th century, in Italy.

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History of Trentino

The History of Trentino begins in the mid-Stone Age and continues to the actual century when the Trentino is part of the Republic of Italy.

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History of Tyrol

The history of Tyrol, a historical region in the middle alpine area of Central Europe, dates back to early human settlements at the end of the last glacier period, around 12,000 BC.

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Hocheppan Castle

Hocheppan Castle (Burg Hocheppan) lies on the territory of the frazione of Missian in the municipality of Eppan near Bozen in South Tyrol (Italy).

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Hochstetter

The family of Höchstetter (also rendered Hechstetter or Hochstetter) from Höchstädt in western Bavaria near the banks of the Danube were members of the fifteenth and sixteenth-century mercantile patriciate of Augsburg.

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Home front during World War I

The home front during World War I covers the domestic, economic, social and political histories of countries involved in that conflict.

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Horatio Brown

Horatio Robert Forbes Brown (16 February 1854 – 19 August 1926) was a Scottish historian who specialised in the history of Venice and Italy.

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House of Falkenstein (Bavaria)

The counts of Falkenstein (from 1125 referred to as counts of Falkenstein-Neuburg) were a medieval noble dynasty from Bavaria.

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House of Gorizia

The Counts of Gorizia (Conti di Gorizia; Grafen von Görz; Goriški grofje), or Meinhardiner, were a comital dynasty in the Holy Roman Empire, originally officials in the Patriarchate of Aquileia, who ruled the County of Gorizia (Görz) from the early 12th century onwards.

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House of Habsburg

The House of Habsburg (traditionally spelled Hapsburg in English), also called House of Austria was one of the most influential and distinguished royal houses of Europe.

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House of Wittelsbach

The House of Wittelsbach is a European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria.

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Hugo Bettauer

Hugo Bettauer (18 August 1872 – 26 March 1925), born Maximilian Hugo Bettauer, was a prolific Austrian writer and journalist, who was murdered by a Nazi Party follower on account of his opposition to antisemitism.

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Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non-recombining portions of DNA from the Y-chromosome (called Y-DNA).

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Hunziker

Hunziker is a surname from Switzerland.

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Hutterite German

Hutterite German (Hutterisch) is an Upper German dialect of the Bavarian variety of the German language, which is spoken by Hutterite communities in Canada and the United States.

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Ida Dalser

Ida Irene Dalser (20 August 1880 – 3 December 1937) was the first wife of Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini.

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Ignaz Unterberger

Ignaz Unterberger was an Italian and Austrian artist as a painter and printmaker, who was also a keen inventor.

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Immigration to Chile

Immigration to Chile has contributed to the demographics and the history of this South American nation.

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Imperial Council (Austria)

The Imperial Council (Reichsrat, Říšská rada, Rada Państwa, Consiglio Imperiale, Državni zbor) was the legislature of the Austrian Empire from 1861, and from 1867 the legislature of Cisleithania within Austria-Hungary.

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Imst

Imst is a town in the Austrian federal state of Tyrol.

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Inner Austria

Inner Austria (Innerösterreich, Notranja Avstrija, Austria Interiore) was a term used from the late 14th to the early 17th century for the Habsburg hereditary lands south of the Semmering Pass, referring to the Imperial duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola and the lands of the Austrian Littoral.

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Innichen

Innichen (San Candido) is a market town and comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy.

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Innsbruck

Innsbruck is the capital city of Tyrol in western Austria and the fifth-largest city in Austria.

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Innsbruck Festival of Early Music

The Innsbruck Festival of Early Music (German: Innsbrucker Festwochen der Alten Musik) is a festival of historically informed performances of music from the late Renaissance, Baroque and early Classical periods which takes place annually in Innsbruck, Austria.

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Innsbruck, ich muss dich lassen

"" ("Innsbruck, I Must Leave You") is a German Renaissance song.

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Inter-Allied Socialist Conferences of World War I

During the First World War there were a number of conferences of the socialist parties of the Entente or Allied powers.

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Invasion of Trentino (1866)

The Invasion of Trentino was a series of military operation undertaken by the Kingdom of Italy against the Austrian Empire during the Third Italian War of Independence of 1866, which was part of the larger Austro-Prussian War.

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Italian exonyms

Below is list of Italian language exonyms for places in non-Italian-speaking areas of Europe: In recent years, the use of Italian exonyms for lesser known places has significantly decreased, in favour of the foreign toponym.

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Italian Front (World War I)

The Italian Front (Fronte italiano; in Gebirgskrieg, "Mountain war") was a series of battles at the border between Austria-Hungary and Italy, fought between 1915 and 1918 in World War I. Following the secret promises made by the Allies in the Treaty of London, Italy entered the war in order to annex the Austrian Littoral and northern Dalmatia, and the territories of present-day Trentino and South Tyrol.

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Italianization

Italianization (Italianizzazione; talijanizacija; poitaljančevanje; Italianisierung; Ιταλοποίηση) is the spread of Italian culture, people, or language, either by integration or assimilation.

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Italianization of South Tyrol

In 1919, at the time of its annexation, the middle part of the County of Tyrol which is today called South Tyrol (in Italian Alto Adige) was inhabited by almost 90% German speakers.

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Itter Castle

Itter Castle (Schloss Itter) is a 19th-century castle in Itter, a village in Tyrol, Austria.

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Jacob Hutter

Jakob (or Jacob in English) Hutter (also Huter or Hueter) (c. 1500 – 25 February 1536), was a Tyrolean Anabaptist leader and founder of the Hutterites.

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Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer

Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer (10 December 1790 – 26 April 1861) was a Tyrolean traveller, journalist, politician and historian, best known for his controversial Dream Nation: Enlightenment, Colonization, and the Institution of Modern Greece, Stathis Gourgouris p.142-143Sociolinguistic Variation and Change, Peter Trudgill, p.131The Fragments of Death, Fables of Identity: An Athenian Anthropography, Neni Panourgia - Social Science - 1995, p. 28 theories concerning the racial origins of the Greeks, and for his travel writings.

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Jakob Prandtauer

Jakob Prandtauer (baptized in Stanz bei Landeck (Tyrol) on 16 July 1660; died in Sankt Pölten on 16 September 1726) was an Austrian Baroque architect.

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James Henry (poet)

James Henry (13 December 1798 - 14 July 1876) was an Irish classical scholar and poet.

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Jan Nowopacký

Jan Nowopacký or, in German, Johann Novopacky (15 November 1821, Nechanice – 3 August 1908, Slavětín) was a Czech landscape painter.

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Jan Zach

Jan Zach, called in German Johann Zach (baptized 13 November 1699 – 24 May 1773) was a Czech composer, violinist and organist.

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József Alvinczi

Freiherr Joseph Alvinczi von Borberek a.k.a. Baron József Alvinczi de Borberek (Joseph Alvinczy, Freiherr von Berberek; 1 February 1735 – 25 September 1810) was a soldier in the Habsburg Army and a Field Marshal of the Austrian Empire.

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Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier

Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier, 1st Comte Sérurier (8 December 1742 – 21 December 1819) led a division in the War of the First Coalition and became a Marshal of France under Emperor Napoleon.

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Jean-Pierre Firmin Malher

Jean-Pierre Firmin Malher (29 June 1761 – 13 March 1808) joined the army of the First French Republic and fought in the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Jelenia Góra Valley

Jelenia Góra Valley (Kotlina Jeleniogórska; Hirschberger Tal; Literally "Deer Mountain Valley") in Poland is a big valley at the Silesian northern side of the Western Sudetes and next to Kłodzko Valley the largest intramontane basin of the Sudetes.

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Johan Christoffer Boklund

Johan Christoffer Boklund (15 July 1817 – 9 December 1880) was a Swedish history, genre, and portrait painter from Kulla-Gunnarstorp in Scania.

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Johan Edvard Mandelberg

Johan Edvard Mandelberg (22 January 1730 – 8 January 1786), Swedish-born painter living in Denmark, was born at sea during a voyage between Stockholm and Livland, Sweden.

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Johann Baptist Franzelin

Johann Baptist Franzelin (b. at Aldein, in Tyrol, 15 April 1816; d. at Rome, 11 December 1886) was an Austrian Jesuit theologian and Cardinal.

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Johann Baptist Gänsbacher

Johann Baptist Gänsbacher (8 May 1778 – 13 July 1844), Austrian musical composer, was born in 1778 in Sterzing in the County of Tyrol.

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Johann Baptist Straub

Johann Baptist Straub (1 June 1704 (baptism) – 15 July 1784) was a German Rococo sculptor.

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Johann Baptist von Lampi the Elder

Johann Baptist Lampi the Elder (Johann Baptist von Lampi der Ältere, Jan Chrzciciel Lampi; 31 December 1751 – 11 February 1830) was an Austrian-Italian historical and portrait painter.

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Johann Gabriel Chasteler de Courcelles

His tomb in Venice. Johann Gabriel Josef Albert, Marquess of Chasteler and Courcelles (22 January 1763 – 7 May 1825) was a Walloon, born near Mons, Belgium.

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Johann Georg Haeselich

Johann Georg Haeselich (also Haselick; 30 August 1806 - 6 December 1894) was a German genre painter and lithographer.

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Johann Georg Platzer

Johann Georg Platzer (1704–1761) was a prolific Austrian Rococo painter and draughtsman.

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Johann Hermann Carmiencke

Johann Hermann Carmiencke or John Hermann Carmiencke (born at Hamburg in 1810; died at Brooklyn, New York on 15 June 1867) was a landscape painter and etcher.

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Johann Ludwig Alexius von Loudon

Johann Ludwig Alexius von Loudon, born 10 January 1767 – died 22 September 1822, was the nephew of Feldmarschall Ernst Gideon von Laudon.

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Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló

Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló (1737 – 17 November 1801) joined the Austrian army in 1756 and fought the Prussians, Ottoman Turks, and French during a long military career.

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Johann Nepomuk della Croce

Johann Nepomuk della Croce (7 August 1736 – 4 March 1819) was an Austrian painter.

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Johann Paul Freiherr von Hocher

Johann Paul Freiherr von Hocher (12 August 1616 Freiburg (then in Austria) - 28 February 1683 Vienna) was an Austrian jurist and Supreme Court Chancellor (Hofkanzler) to the Emperor Leopold I.

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Johann Paul Schor

Johann Paul Schor (1615–1674), known in Rome as "Giovanni Paolo Tedesco" (Tedesco literally means German in Italian), was an Austrian artist.

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Johann Peter Beaulieu

Johann Peter de Beaulieu, also Jean Pierre de Beaulieu (born 26 October 1725 in Lathuy, Brabant, Belgium– died 22 December 1819), was a Walloon military officer.

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Johann Rufinatscha

Johann Rufinatscha (1 October 1812 – 25 May 1893) was an Austrian composer, theorist and music teacher.

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Johann Senn

Johann Chrysostomus Senn (1 April 1795, Pfunds – 30 September 1857, Innsbruck; pseudonym: Bombastus Bebederwa) was a political lyric poet of the Vormärz.

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Johann Stadlmayr

Johann Stadlmayr (or Stadelmayer) (born perhaps around 1580 probably in Freising; died 1648 in Innsbruck) was a composer and long serving Hofkapellmeister to the Princes of Tirol.

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Johann Sylvan

Johann Sylvan (died 23 December 1572 in Heidelberg) was a Reformed German theologian who was executed for his heretical Antitrinitarian beliefs.

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Johannes Wiedewelt

Johannes Wiedewelt (1 July 1731 – 17 December 1802), Danish neoclassical sculptor, was born in Copenhagen to royal sculptor to the Danish Court, Just Wiedewelt, and his wife Birgitte Lauridsdatter.

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John Henry, Margrave of Moravia

John Henry of Luxembourg (Jan Jindřich, Johann Heinrich; 12 February 1322 – 12 November 1375), a member of the House of Luxembourg, was Count of Tyrol from 1335 to 1341 and Margrave of Moravia from 1349 until his death.

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John Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Dornburg

John Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Dornburg (4 May 1656, in Zerbst – 1 November 1704, in Dornburg), was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Dornburg.

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John of Bohemia

John the Blind (Jang de Blannen; Johann der Blinde von Luxemburg; Jan Lucemburský; 10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346) was the Count of Luxembourg from 1309 and King of Bohemia from 1310 and titular King of Poland.

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Josef Hellensteiner

Josef Hellensteiner (26 October 1889 – 7 December 1980) was an Austrian road racing cyclist who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.

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Josef Moriggl

Josef Moriggl (1841–1908) was a master woodcarver and teacher whose work covered both religious and folk themes.

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Josef Munggenast

Josef Munggenast (5 March 1680 – 3 May 1741) was an Austrian architect and masterbuilder of the Baroque period.

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Josef Naus

Josef Naus (1793–1871) was an officer and surveying technician, known for leading the first ascent of Germany's highest mountain, the Zugspitze.

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Josef Philipp Vukassovich

Baron Josef Philipp Vukassovich (Barun Josip Filip Vukasović; 1755 – 9 August 1809) was a Croatian soldier who joined the army of Habsburg Monarchy and fought against both Ottoman Empire and the First French Republic.

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Josel of Rosheim

Josel of Rosheim (alternatively: Joselin, Joselmann, Yoselmann, Josel von Rosheim, יוסף בן גרשון מרוסהים Joseph ben Gershon mi-Rosheim, or Joseph ben Gershon Loanz; c. 1480 – March, 1554) was the great advocate ("shtadlan") of the German and Polish Jews during the reigns of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and Charles V. Maximilian I appointed him as governor of all Jews of Germany, a position which was confirmed after his death by his grandson, Charles V. His stature among the Jews, and the protected status he gained for himself and for the Jews within the Holy Roman Empire, rested in part on his skills as an advocate and in part from the Jewish role in financing the expenses of the emperor.

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Joseph Anton Koch

Joseph Anton Koch (27 July 1768 – 12 January 1839) was an Austrian painter of Neoclassicism and later the German Romantic movement; he is perhaps the most significant neoclassical landscape painter.

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Joseph Freinademetz

Saint Joseph Freinademetz, S.V.D., (April 15, 1852 - January 28, 1908) was an Austrian Roman Catholic priest and missionary in China.

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Joseph Gasser von Valhorn

Joseph Gasser Ritter von Valhorn (b. 22 Nov., 1816 at Prägraten, Tyrol; d. 28 Oct., 1900) was an Austrian sculptor.

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Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor

Joseph II (Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to his death.

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Joseph Kleutgen

Joseph (or Josef) Wilhelm Karl Kleutgen (9 April 1811 – 13 January 1883) was a German Jesuit theologian and philosopher.

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Joseph Kyselak

Joseph, also Josef Kyselak (9 March 1798 – 17 September 1831) was an Austrian civil servant, mountaineer and travel writer.

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Joseph Lagrange (soldier)

Count Joseph Lagrange (10 January 1763 – 16 January 1836) was a French soldier who rose through the ranks and gained promotion to the rank of general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars, subsequently pursuing a successful career during the Napoleonic Wars and winning promotion to the top military rank of General of Division.

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Joseph Oberbauer

Joseph Sebastian Oberbauer (Йозеф Себастиан Обербауер or Йосиф Себастиан Обербауер; October 1853 – 1926) was an Austrian and Bulgarian painter and engineer.

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Joseph Ocskay von Ocsko

Joseph Ocskay von Ocskó (1740 – 8 December 1805) joined the army of the Habsburg Empire and rose to the rank of general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Joseph of Freising

Joseph of Freising (died 17th January 764), also known as Joseph of Verona, was Bishop of Freising from 747 or 748 until his death.

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Joseph Putzer

Joseph Putzer (4 March 1836, Rodeneck, County of Tyrol, Austrian Empire - 15 May 1904, Ilchester, Maryland, USA) was an Austrian Redemptorist theologian and canonist.

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Joseph Tiefenthaler

Joseph Tiefenthaler (or Tieffenthaler or Tieffentaller) (27 August 1710 – 5 July 1785) was a Jesuit missionary and one of the earliest European geographers to write about India.

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Julius von Payer

Julius Johannes Ludovicus Payer (2 September 1841, – 29 August 1915), ennobled Ritter von Payer in 1876, was an officer of the Austro-Hungarian Army, mountaineer, arctic explorer, cartographer, painter, and professor at the Theresian Military Academy.

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July 26

No description.

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Kaiserjäger

The Kaiserjäger (officially designated by the Imperial and Royal (k.u.k.) military administration as the Tiroler Jäger-Regimenter or "Tyrolean Rifle Regiments"), were formed in 1895 as four normal infantry regiments within the Common Army of Austria-Hungary.

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Kaiserschützen

Mountain infantry battle-dress after 1907 The k.k. Landesschützen (literal: Imperial-Royal country shooters) - from January 16, 1917 Kaiserschützen (literal: Imperial rifles) - has been three regiments of Austro-Hungarian mountain infantry during the kaiserliche und königliche Monarchie (literal: k.u.k. Monarchy).

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Karl Anselm, 4th Prince of Thurn and Taxis

Karl Anselm, 4th Prince of Thurn and Taxis, full German name: Karl Anselm Fürst von Thurn und Taxis (2 June 1733, Frankfurt am Main, Free Imperial City of Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire – 13 November 1805, Winzer bei Regensburg, Electorate of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire) was the fourth Prince of Thurn and Taxis, Postmaster General of the Imperial Reichspost, and Head of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis from 17 March 1773 until his death on 13 November 1805.

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Karl Eduard Biermann

Karl Eduard Biermann (1803–92) was a German landscape painter.

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Karl Ernstberger

Karl Ernstberger (September 25, 1887 in Malovice (Mallowitz), today part of village Erpužice, Tachov District, western Bohemia - November 25, 1972 in Nuremberg) was a German Bohemian architect active in western Bohemia, predominantly in Karlovy Vary.

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Karl Girardet

Karl Girardet (7 May 1813 – 24 April 1871) was a painter and illustrator, born in the then-French and now Swiss village of Le Locle, who lived and worked mostly in Paris.

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Karl Philipp Sebottendorf

Karl Philipp Sebottendorf van der Rose (17 July 1740 – 11 April 1818) enrolled in the Austrian army at the age of 18, became a general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars, and commanded a division against Napoleon Bonaparte in several notable battles during the Italian campaign of 1796.

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Karl Schnaase

Karl Schnaase (7 September 1798 – 20 May 1875) was a distinguished German art historian and jurist.

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Karl, Count Chotek of Chotkow and Wognin

Karl, Count Chotek of Chotkow and Wognin (Karel hrabě Chotek z Chotkova a Vojnína, Karl Graf Chotek von Chotkow und Wognin); (23 July 1783 – 18 December 1868) was an Austrian chancellor, Government President (Gubernialpräsident) and school reformer of Bohemia and honorary citizen of Innsbruck and Prague.

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Karneid Castle

Karneid Castle (Cornedo all'Isarco) is a castle in northern Italy situated in the comune (municipality) of Karneid in the province of South Tyrol in the Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about 4 km east of the city of Bolzano (Bozen).

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Kaspar Anton von Baroni-Cavalcabo

Kaspar Anton von Baroni-Cavalcabo (1682–1759) was an Italian painter of the late Baroque period.

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Kálmán Giergl

Kálmán Giergl (born as Koloman Giergl, June 29, 1863 in Pest, Hungary, Habsburg Empire – September 10, 1954 in Verőce, Hungary), was a Hungarian-German architect and a significant figure in the Austro-Hungarian eclectic architectural style.

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Kennelbach

Kennelbach is a municipality in the district of Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

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Khuen von Belasi

Khuen von Belasi (originally Khuen, Khuon, Khun is the name of an Austrian noble family of the county of Tyrol. The family starts late 13th century with Egon or Egino de Tramino ("dem Kühnen", meaning "the keen"). On 13 June 1542, Blasius Khuen became "Regimentsrat" of lower Austria and also geheimer Rat to the Emperor of Austria. From 1560 to 1568, he became upper Austrian chamberlain. In 1573, Rudolf Khuen was titled Belasy von Gandeck, also Liechtenberg and Aur, Freiherr zu Neu-Lembach. Rudolf Khuen bought the county Gandegg in 1557.

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Kiens

Kiens (Chienes) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about northeast of Bolzano.

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King Frederick Augustus Tower

The King Frederick Augustus Tower (König-Friedrich-August-Turm) is the only preserved observation tower of cast iron in Europe and perhaps the oldest tower built of iron.

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Kingdom of Bavaria

The Kingdom of Bavaria (Königreich Bayern) was a German state that succeeded the former Electorate of Bavaria in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918.

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Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia; Royaume d'Italie) was a French client state founded in Northern Italy by Napoleon I, fully influenced by revolutionary France, that ended with his defeat and fall.

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Kingdom of Italy under Fascism (1922–1943)

Fascist Italy is the era of National Fascist Party government from 1922 to 1943 with Benito Mussolini as head of government.

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Kirn

Kirn is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany.

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Kitzbühel

Kitzbühel is a small medieval town situated in the Kitzbühel Alps along the river Kitzbüheler Ache in Tyrol, Austria, about 100 kilometers (62 mi) east of the state capital Innsbruck and is the administrative centre of the Kitzbühel district (Bezirk).

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Knud Baade

Knud Baade (28 March 1808 - 24 November 1879) was a Norwegian painter, mostly of portraits and landscapes.

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Kočevje

Kočevje (Gottschee;Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 36. Göttscheab or Gətscheab in the local Gottscheerish dialect; Cocevie) is a city in the Municipality of Kočevje in southern Slovenia.

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Konken

Konken is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Konstantin Ghilian Karl d'Aspré

Konstantin Ghilian Karl d'Aspré von Hoobreuk (27 December 1754 – 8 July 1809), served in the army of Habsburg Austria during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Krimml

Krimml is a municipality in Zell am See District, in the federal state of Salzburg, Austria, in the Pinzgau region.

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Krkonoše

The Krkonoše (Czech), Karkonosze (Polish), Riesengebirge (German), Riesageberge (Silesian German) or Giant Mountains, are a mountain range located in the north of the Czech Republic and the south-west of Poland, part of the Sudetes mountain system (part of the Bohemian Massif).

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Kufstein

Kufstein is a town in the Austrian state of Tyrol, the administrative seat of Kufstein District.

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Kunigunde of Austria

Kunigunde of Austria (Kunigunde von Österreich; 16 March 1465 – 6 August 1520), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duchess of Bavaria from 1487 to 1508, by her marriage to the Wittelsbach duke Albert IV.

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Kurd von Mosengeil

Kurd Friedrich Rudolf von Mosengeil, also Curd Friedrich Rudolf von Mosengeil (* 7 March 1884 in Bonn; † 5 September 1906 at Wildgall in Rieserfernergruppe), was a German physicist.

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Kurt Schuschnigg

Kurt Alois Josef Johann Schuschnigg (between his family's ennoblement in 1898 and the 1919 abolition of the Austrian nobility, he bore the title Edler von Schuschnigg;; 14 December 1897 – 18 November 1977) was an Austrian politician who was the Chancellor of the Federal State of Austria from the 1934 assassination of his predecessor Engelbert Dollfuss until the 1938 Anschluss with Nazi Germany.

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L'amore innocente

L'amore innocente (Innocent Love) composed by Antonio Salieri (1750–1825), is an Italian-language opera in two acts.

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La fille du régiment

(The Daughter of the Regiment) is an opéra comique in two acts by Gaetano Donizetti, set to a French libretto by Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges and Jean-François Bayard.

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La Wally

La Wally is an opera in four acts by composer Alfredo Catalani, to a libretto by Luigi Illica, first performed at La Scala, Milan, on 20 January 1892.

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Laccaria laccata

Laccaria laccata, commonly known as the deceiver, or waxy laccaria, is a white-spored species of small edible mushroom found throughout North America and Europe.

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Lachter

The lachter (also Berglachter) was a common unit of length used in the mining industry in Europe, usually to measure depth, tunnel driving and the size of mining fields; it was also used for contract work.

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Lactifluus piperatus

Lactifluus piperatus (synonym Lactarius piperatus), commonly known as the peppery milk-cap, is a semi-edible basidiomycete fungus of the genus Lactifluus.

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Ladin language

Ladin (or; Ladin: Ladin, Ladino, Ladinisch) is a Romance language consisting of a group of dialects that some consider part of a unitary Rhaeto-Romance language, mainly spoken in the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy in the provinces of South Tyrol, the Trentino, and the Belluno, by the Ladin people.

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Ladin people

The Ladin people are an ethnic group in northern Italy.

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Ladinia

Ladinia is an Alpine region in the Dolomites mountain range of Northern Italy, divided between the Italian provinces of Belluno, South Tyrol, and Trento.

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Ladislav Klíma

Ladislav Klíma (22 August 1878 – 19 April 1928), was a Czech philosopher and novelist influenced by George Berkeley, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche.

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Lakenvelder cattle

The Dutch Belted (Lakenvelder) breed of dairy cattle is, according to records, the only belted breed of cattle tracing back directly to the original belted or "canvassed" cattle which were described in Switzerland and Austria.

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Landeck

Landeck is a town in the Austrian state of Tyrol, the capital of the district of Landeck.

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Landesfarben

State Colours of the Austro-Hungarian states, displayed on their flags.

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Landsknecht

The German Landsknechts, sometimes also rendered as (singular), were colourful mercenary soldiers with a formidable reputation, who became an important military force through late 15th- and 16th-century Europe.

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Landwehr

Landwehr, or Landeswehr, is a German language term used in referring to certain national armies, or militias found in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe.

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Lapis armenus

Lapis armenus, also known as Armenian stone or lapis stellatus, in natural history, is a variety of precious stone, resembling lapis lazuli, except that it is softer, and instead of veins of pyrite, is intermixed with green.

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Laurenz Forer

Laurenz Forer (1580 – 7 January 1659) was a Swiss Jesuit theologian and controversialist.

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Löllbach

Löllbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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League of God's House

The League of God's House (German: Gotteshausbund, Italian: Lega Caddea, Lia da la Chadé) was formed in what is now Switzerland on January 29, 1367 to resist the rising power of the Bishopric of Chur and the House of Habsburg. The League allied with the Grey League and the League of the Ten Jurisdictions in 1471 to form the Three Leagues. The League of God's House, together with the two other Leagues, was allied with the Old Swiss Confederacy throughout the 15th and 16th centuries. After the Napoleonic wars the League of God's House became a part of the Swiss canton of Graubünden.

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Leonhard of Gorizia

Leonhard of Gorizia (1440 – 12 April 1500) was the last Count of Görz from the Meinhardiner dynasty, who ruled at Lienz and Gorizia (Görz) from 1454 until his death.

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Leonhard Thurneysser

Leonard Thurneysser (22 July 1531 – 1595 or 1596; also known as Leonard Thurneisser zum Thurn) was a scholar and miracle doctor at the court of Elector John George of Brandenburg.

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Leopold III, Duke of Austria

Leopold III (1 November 1351 – 9 July 1386), known as the Just, a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria from 1365.

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Leopold IV, Duke of Austria

Leopold IV of Austria (1371 – June 3, 1411), Duke of Further Austria, was an Austrian Habsburg Duke of the Leopoldinian Line, known as "the Fat".

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Leopoldian line

The Leopoldian line was a sequence of descent in the Habsburg dynasty begun by Duke Leopold III of Austria, who, after the death of his elder brother Rudolf IV, divided the Habsburg hereditary lands with his brother Albert III according to the 1379 Treaty of Neuberg.

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Lienz

Lienz is a medieval town in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

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Lienz District

The Bezirk Lienz (Distretto di Lienz) is an administrative district (Bezirk) in Tyrol, Austria.

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Lion Feuchtwanger

Lion Feuchtwanger (7 July 1884 – 21 December 1958) was a German-Jewish novelist and playwright.

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for subcontinental regions

The following is a list of adjectival forms of subcontinental regions in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these subcontinental regions.

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List of Austrian mountain climbers

This is a list of Austrian mountaineers.

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List of Austrians

Famous or notable Austrians include.

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List of battles involving France in modern history

This is a chronological list of the battles involving France in modern history.

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List of book-based war films (wars before 1775)

A list of films that are based on war books.

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List of countries by population in 1800

This is a list of countries by population in 1800.

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List of dried foods

This is a list of notable dried foods.

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List of drinks named after places

The following drinks were named after places.

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List of enclaves and exclaves

In political geography, an enclave is a piece of land which is totally surrounded by a foreign territory.

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List of etymologies of country subdivision names

This article provides a collection of the etymology of the names of country subdivisions.

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List of foods named after places

Lists of foods named after places have been compiled by writers, sometimes on travel websites or food-oriented websites, as well as in books.

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List of founders of religious traditions

This article lists historical figures credited with founding religions or religious philosophies or people who first codified older known religious traditions.

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List of hams

This is a list of notable hams and ham products.

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List of historical period drama films and series set in Near Eastern and Western civilization

The historical period drama is a film genre in which stories are based upon historical events and famous people.

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List of historical regions of Central Europe

There are many historical regions of Central Europe.

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List of Manning-Sanders tales by region

A region-by-region list of fairy and folk tales collected and retold by Ruth Manning-Sanders (1886–1988).

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List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 14th century

This is a list of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 14th century.

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List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 15th century

This is a List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 15th century.

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List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 16th century

This is a list of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 16th century. This list currently holds 27 countries.

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List of peasant revolts

This is a chronological list of conflicts in which peasants played a significant role.

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List of rulers of Austria

Austria was ruled by the House of Babenberg until 1246 and by the House of Habsburg from 1282 to 1918.

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List of sovereign states in 1776

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1777

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1778

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1788

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1337

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1338

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1339

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1348

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1351

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1359

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1360

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1388

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1389

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1390

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1391

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1392

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1610

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1661

No description.

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List of states in the Holy Roman Empire (A)

This is a list of states in the Holy Roman Empire beginning with the letter A.

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List of states in the Holy Roman Empire (B)

This is a list of states in the Holy Roman Empire beginning with the letter B.

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List of states in the Holy Roman Empire (F)

This is a list of states in the Holy Roman Empire beginning with the letter F.

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List of states in the Holy Roman Empire (M)

This is a list of states in the Holy Roman Empire beginning with the letter M.

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List of states in the Holy Roman Empire (T)

This is a list of states in the Holy Roman Empire beginning with the letter T.

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List of states of the German Confederation

The states of the German Confederation were those member states that from 20 June 1815 were part of the German Confederation, which lasted, with some changes in the member states, until 24 August 1866, under the presidency of the Austrian imperial House of Habsburg, which was represented by an Austrian presidential envoy to the Federal diet in Frankfurt.

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List of terms used for Germans

There are many alternative terms for the people of Germany.

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List of titles and honours of Felipe VI of Spain

Felipe VI has received titles, decorations, and honorary appointments as monarch of Spain and before as heir apparent to the throne of Spain: his titles and styles are listed by precedence of rank, nobility, and honour.

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List of titles and honours of Juan Carlos I of Spain

Juan Carlos I of Spain has received numerous decorations and honorary appointments as monarch of Spain.

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List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown

The current Spanish constitution refers to the monarchy as "the Crown of Spain" and the constitutional title of the monarch is simply rey/reina de España:Constitution, article 56(2) that is, "king/queen of Spain".

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List of wars 1800–1899

This articles provides a list of wars occurring between 1800 and 1899.

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List of wars involving Poland

This is a chronological list of military conflicts in which Polish armed forces won or took place on Polish territory from the reign of Mieszko I (960–992) to the ongoing military operations.

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List of wars involving Spain

This is a list of wars fought by the Kingdom of Spain or on Spanish territory.

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List of wars involving Switzerland

This article is an incomplete list of wars and conflicts involving Switzerland, since the creation of the Old Swiss Confederacy.

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List of wars involving the Netherlands

This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of the Netherlands since its independence in 1581.

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List of wars involving the United Kingdom

This is a list of wars involving the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Great Britain and generally the British Isles.

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Little Mary Sunshine

Little Mary Sunshine is a musical that parodies old-fashioned operettas and musicals.

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Ljudevit

Ljudevit or Liudewit (Liudewitus, often also Ljudevit Posavski), was the Duke of Lower Pannonia from 810 to 823.

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Lochau

Lochau is a municipality in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

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Lofer

Lofer is a market town in the district of Zell am See in the Austrian state of Salzburg.

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Lorry, Frederiksberg

Lorry is a former entertainment venue in the Frederiksberg district of Copenhagen, Denmark.

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Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor

Lothair II or Lothair III (before 9 June 1075 – 4 December 1137), known as Lothair of Supplinburg, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1133 until his death.

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Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers

thumb Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers (13 August 1764 – 6 January 1813) was a French Army general who fought in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

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Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor

Louis IV (Ludwig; 1 April 1282 – 11 October 1347), called the Bavarian, of the house of Wittelsbach, was King of the Romans from 1314, King of Italy from 1327, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1328.

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Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia

Louis IV the Saint (Ludwig IV.; 28 October 1200 – 11 September 1227), a member of the Ludovingian dynasty, was Landgrave of Thuringia and Saxon Count palatine from 1217 until his death.

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Louis Mayer (painter)

Louis Mayer (23 May 1791 in Neckarbischofsheim – 18 November 1843 in Stuttgart), born Ludwig Hartmann Mayer, was a German landscape painter and brother to the poet Karl Mayer.

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Louis V, Duke of Bavaria

Louis V, called the Brandenburger (May 1315 – 18 September 1361), a member of the House of Wittelsbach, ruled as Margrave of Brandenburg (as Louis I) from 1323 to 1351 and as Duke of Bavaria from 1347 until his death.

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Lucas Auer

Lucas Auer (born 11 September 1994) is a racing driver.

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Ludovico Madruzzo

Portrait of Ludovico Madruzzo by Giovanni Battista Moroni.Art Institute, Chicago. Ludovico Madruzzo (1532–1600) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and statesman, the Imperial crown-cardinal and Prince-Bishop of the Bishopric of Trento (involving the secular rule as well as church duties).

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Ludwig Eduard Theodor Loesener

Ludwig Eduard Theodor Loesener (1865–1941) was a German botanist who collected widely in the field, in Europe, Amrum Islands (1912), Alps, Black Forest, Bavaria, Tyrol, Rügen.

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Ludwig Ganghofer

Ludwig Ganghofer (7 July 1855 – 24 July 1920) was a German writer who became famous for his homeland novels.

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Ludwig Thuille

Ludwig Wilhelm Andreas Maria Thuille (Bozen, 30 November 1861 – 5 February 1907) was an Austrian composer and teacher, numbered for a while among the leading operatic composers of the so-called Munich School of composers, whose most famous representative was Richard Strauss.

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Ludwig von Benedek

Ludwig August Ritter von Benedek (14 July 1804 – 27 April 1881), also known as Lajos Benedek, was an Austrian general (Feldzeugmeister) of Hungarian descent, best known for commanding the imperial army in 1866 in the Battle of Königgrätz against the Prussian Army.

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Luis Trenker

Luis Trenker (born Alois Franz Trenker, 4 October 1892 – 13 April 1990) was a South Tyrolean film producer, director, writer, actor, architect, and alpinist.

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Lurnfeld

Lurnfeld is a market town in the district of Spittal an der Drau in the Austrian state of Carinthia.

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Manharter

Manharter was a politico-religious sect which arose in Tyrol in the first half of the nineteenth century.

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Mantua

Mantua (Mantova; Emilian and Latin: Mantua) is a city and comune in Lombardy, Italy, and capital of the province of the same name.

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March of Carniola

The March (or Margraviate) of Carniola (Kranjska krajina; Mark Krain) was a southeastern state of the Holy Roman Empire in the High Middle Ages, the predecessor of the Duchy of Carniola.

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March of Verona

The March of Verona and Aquileia was a vast march (frontier district) of the Holy Roman Empire in northeastern Italy during the Middle Ages, centered on the cities of Verona and Aquileia.

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Margaret of Austria, Electress of Saxony

Margaret of Austria (c. 1416 – 12 February 1486), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Electress of Saxony from 1431 until 1464 by her marriage with the Wettin elector Frederick II.

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Margaret Theresa of Spain

Margaret Theresa of Spain (Margarita Teresa, Margarete Theresia; 12 July 1651 – 12 March 1673) was, by marriage, Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia.

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Margaret, Countess of Tyrol

Margaret, nicknamed Margarete Maultasch (1318 – 3 October 1369), was the last Countess of Tyrol from the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner).

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Maria Anna of Savoy

Maria Anna of Savoy (Maria Anna Ricciarda Carolina Margherita Pia; 19 September 1803 – 4 May 1884) was Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary (see Grand title of the Empress of Austria)) by marriage to Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria.

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Maria Leopoldine of Austria

Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Tyrol (6 April 1632 – 7 August 1649),.

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Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este

Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este, also known as Maria Ludovika of Modena, (Maria Ludovika Beatrix von Modena; 14 December 1787 – 7 April 1816) was the daughter of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este (1754–1806) and his wife, Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este (1750–1829).

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Maria Schmolln

Maria Schmolln is a municipality in the district of Braunau am Inn of the Austrian state of Upper Austria state.

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Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily

Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (6 June 1772 – 13 April 1807) was the last Holy Roman Empress and the first Empress of Austria by marriage to Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor.

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Marian Tumler

Marian Tumler (21 October 1887 – 18 November 1987) was an Austrian theologian who served as the 62nd Grand Master of the Teutonic Order from 1948–1970.

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Marianne Stokes

Marianne Stokes (1855–1927), born Marianne Preindlsberger, was an Austrian painter.

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Marie von Schleinitz

Marie ("Mimi") Baroness (from 1879: Countess) von Schleinitz (from 1886: Schleinitz-Wolkenstein) (22 January 1842, Rome – 18 May 1912, Berlin) was an influential salonnière of the early German Reich in Berlin and one of the most important supporters of Richard Wagner.

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Martino Altomonte

Martino Altomonte, born Johann Martin Hohenberg (8 May 1657, Naples – 14 September 1745, Vienna) was an Italian Baroque painter of Austrian descent who mainly worked in Poland and Austria.

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Martyrs' Synod

The Martyrs' Synod took place in Augsburg, Germany, from 20 to 24 August 1527.

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Master of the Mornauer Portrait

The Master of the Mornauer Portrait was a 15th-century German portrait painter active in Bavaria or Tyrol about 1460–1488.

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Matrei in Osttirol

Matrei in Osttirol is a market town in the Lienz District in the Austrian state of Tyrol (East Tyrol).

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Matthäus Günther

Matthäus Günther (also Mathäus Günther) (7 September 1705 – 30 September 1788) was an important German painter and artist of the Baroque and Rococo era.

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Matthew Rader

Matthew Rader (also Matthäus, or Mathaeus) (1561 – 22 December 1634) was a Jesuit philologist and historian.

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Max Fabiani

Maximilian Fabiani, commonly known as Max Fabiani (Maks, Massimo) (29 April 1865 – 12 August 1962) was a cosmopolitan trilingual Slovenian Italian architect and town planner of mixed Italian-Austrian ancestry, born in the village of Kobdilj near Štanjel on the Karst Plateau, County of Gorizia and Gradisca, in present-day Slovenia.

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Max Valier

Max Valier (February 9, 1895 – May 17, 1930) was an Austrian rocketry pioneer.

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Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor

Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519) was King of the Romans (also known as King of the Germans) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death, though he was never crowned by the Pope, as the journey to Rome was always too risky.

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Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria

Maximilian II (11 July 1662 – 26 February 1726), also known as Max Emanuel or Maximilian Emanuel, was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor

Maximilian II (31 July 1527 – 12 October 1576), a member of the Austrian House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1564 until his death.

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Maximilian von Wimpffen

Maximilian, Freiherr (Baron) von Wimpffen (1770–1854) was a military commander who served in the Austrian army during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars.

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Medieval commune

Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms) among the citizens of a town or city.

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Meinhard I, Count of Gorizia-Tyrol

Meinhard I (– 22 July 1258), a member of the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner), was Count of Gorizia (as Meinhard III) from 1231 and Count of Tyrol from 1253 until his death.

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Meinhard II, Count of Gorizia

Meinhard II, nicknamed the Elder (– 1231), a member of the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner), was ruling Count of Gorizia from 1220 until his death.

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Meinhard III, Count of Gorizia-Tyrol

Meinhard III (9 February 1344 – 13 January 1363), a member of the House of Wittelsbach, was Duke of Upper Bavaria and Count of Tyrol from 1361 until his death.

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Meinhard VI of Gorizia

Meinhard VI of Gorizia (died after 6 May 1385) a member of the Meinhardiner dynasty, an Imperial Prince and a Count of Gorizia.

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Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia

Meinhard II (c. 1238 – 1 November 1295), a member of the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner), ruled the County of Gorizia (as Meinhard IV) and the County of Tyrol together with his younger brother Albert from 1258, until in 1271 they divided their heritage and Meinhard became sole ruler of Tyrol.

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Melchior Klesl

Melchior Klesl (sometimes Khlesl, rarely Cleselius) (19 February 1552 – 18 September 1630) was an Austrian statesman and cardinal of the Roman Catholic church during the time of the Counter-Reformation.

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Melchior von Meckau

Melchior von Meckau (1440–1509) (called the Cardinal of Brixen) was a German Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop.

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Menzies of Culdares

Col.

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Merano

Merano or Meran is a town and comune in South Tyrol, northern Italy.

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Mercurino di Gattinara

Mercurino Arborio, marchese di Gattinara (10 June 1465 – 5 June 1530), was an Italian statesman and jurist best known as the chancellor of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. He was made cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church for San Giovanni a Porta Latina in 1529.

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Michael Gaismair

Michael Gaismair, (1490, Sterzing, County of Tyrol – 15 April 1532, Padua, Republic of Venice) was the son of a mining entrepreneur,Aldo Stella, Il Bauernführer, Michael Gaismair e l'utopia di un repubblicanesimo popolare, il Mulino, 1999 which became secretary of the powerful bishop of Brixen.

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Michael Mayr

Michael Mayr (10 April 1864 – 21 May 1922) was an Austrian politician, who served as Chancellor of Austria in the First Austrian Republic from July 1920 to June 1921.

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Michael Pacher

Michael Pacher (1435 – August 1498) was a painter and sculptor from Tyrol active during the second half of the fifteenth century.

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Michael von Fröhlich

Michael, Freiherr von Fröhlich (9 January 1740 – 1814) was a German general officer serving in army of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, notably during the Wars of the French Revolution.

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Military history of Italy during World War I

This article is about Italian military operations in World War I. Although member of the Triple Alliance, the Kingdom of Italy did not join the Central Powers, the German Empire and the Empire of Austria-Hungary, when the war started on 28 July 1914.

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Millstatt Abbey

Millstatt Abbey (Stift Millstatt) is a former monastery in Millstatt, Austria.

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Molveno

Molveno is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about northwest of Trento.

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Monarchy of Spain

The monarchy of Spain (Monarquía de España), constitutionally referred to as the Crown (La Corona), is a constitutional institution and historic office of Spain.

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Monte Calisio

Monte Calisio (also called Argentario from Argento, meaning silver in Italian language), at, is a mountain located in the North of Italy and sourrended by the following suburbs of Trento and Civezzano: Martignano, Cognola, Villamontagna, Gardolo and Melta di Gardolo.

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Montecristo

Montecristo (also Monte Cristo), formerly Oglasa (in Ancient Greek: Ὠγλάσσα Ōglassa), is an island in the Tyrrhenian Sea and part of the Tuscan Archipelago.

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Moritz Lazarus

Moritz Lazarus (15 September 1824 – 13 April 1903), born at Filehne, in the Grand Duchy of Posen, was a German philosopher, psychologist, and a vocal opponent of the antisemitism of his time.

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Mountain warfare

Mountain warfare refers to warfare in the mountains or similarly rough terrain.

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Mozart family grand tour

The Mozart family grand tour was a journey through western Europe, undertaken by Leopold Mozart, his wife Anna Maria, and their musically gifted children Maria Anna (Nannerl) and Wolfgang Amadeus from 1763 to 1766.

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Municipality of Kočevje

The Municipality of Kočevje (Občina Kočevje) is a municipality in southern Slovenia.

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Muri Abbey

Muri Abbey (Kloster Muri) is a Benedictine monastery dedicated to Saint Martin of Tours.

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My Last Duchess

"My Last Duchess" is a poem by Robert Browning, frequently anthologised as an example of the dramatic monologue.

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Nago–Torbole

Nago–Torbole (Naag-Turbel) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about southwest of Trento on the north shore of Lake Garda.

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Name of Mary Church

The Name of Mary Church (Serbian and Croatian: Crkva imena Marijinog, Mária Neve katolikus templom) is a Roman Catholic parish church in Novi Sad, Serbia, dedicated to the feast of the Holy Name of Mary.

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Napoleon

Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Nauders

Nauders (Danuder) is a municipality in the district of Landeck in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

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Niccolò di Pitigliano

Niccolò di Pitigliano (1442–1510) was an Italian condottiero best known as the Captain-General of the Venetians during the Most Serene Republic's war against the League of Cambrai.

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Nicholas of Cusa

Nicholas of Cusa (1401 – 11 August 1464), also referred to as Nicholas of Kues and Nicolaus Cusanus, was a German philosopher, theologian, jurist, and astronomer.

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Nicholas, Count of Salm

Nicholas, Count of Salm (Vielsalm, Belgium 1459 – Salmhof, Marchegg, Lower Austria, May 4, 1530) was a German soldier and an Imperial senior military commander (German: Feldherr).

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Nicola Avancini

Nicola Avancini (1 December 1611 – 6 December 1686) was an Italian Jesuit cleric and ascetical writer.

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Nogent-sur-Marne

Nogent-sur-Marne is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France.

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Noric Alps

The Noric Alps (Norische Alpen) is a collective term denoting various mountain ranges of the Eastern Alps.

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Obertilliach

Obertilliach is a municipality in the district of Lienz, in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

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Old Parish Church of Gries

The Old Parish Church of Gries (Alte Pfarrkirche Gries; Vecchia Parrocchiale di Gries; also known as Our Lady's Church) was until 1788 the parish church of the formerly independent municipality of Gries, which today forms part of the district of Bolzano, South Tyrol (Italy).

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Operational Zone of the Alpine Foothills

The Operational Zone of the Alpine Foothills (Operationszone Alpenvorland (OZAV); Zona d'operazione Prealpi) was a Nazi German district in the sub-Alpine area created in Italian territory during World War II.

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Order of Saint George (House of Habsburg)

The Order of Saint George (Ordo militaris Sancti Georgii; St.) is an Austrian chivalric order founded by the Habsburg emperor Frederick III and Pope Paul II in 1469.

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Oreste Baratieri

Oreste Baratieri (né Oreste Baratter, 13 November 1841 – 7 August 1901) was an Italian general and governor of Eritrea who led the Italian army defeated in the First Italo–Ethiopian War's Battle of Adowa.

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Ortler

Ortler (Ortles) is, at above sea level, the highest mountain in the Eastern Alps outside the Bernina Range.

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Oswald Menghin

Oswald Menghin (19 April 1888 – 29 November 1973) was an Austrian Prehistorian and University professor.

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Oswald von Wolkenstein

Oswald von Wolkenstein (1376 or 1377, presumably in Castle Schöneck in Kiens – August 2, 1445 in Merano) was a poet, composer and diplomat.

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Otto III, Count of Burgundy

Otto III (– 19 June 1248), a member of the House of Andechs, was Count of Burgundy from 1231 and last Duke of Merania (as Otto II) from 1234 until his death.

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Otto III, Duke of Carinthia

Otto III (– 25 May 1310), a member of the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner dynasty), was Duke of Carinthia and Count of Tyrol from 1295 until his death.

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Otto Neururer

Blessed Otto Neururer (25 March 1882 – 30 May 1940) was an Austrian Roman Catholic priest and martyr.

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Otto Sendtner

Otto Sendtner (June 27, 1813 – April 21, 1859) was a German botanist and phytogeographer born in Munich.

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Otto von Habsburg

Otto von Habsburg (20 November 1912 4 July 2011), also known by his traditional royal title of Archduke Otto of Austria, was the last Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary from 1916 until the dissolution of the empire in 1919, a realm which comprised modern-day Austria, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, and parts of Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine.

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Otto, Duke of Austria

Otto, the Merry (der Fröhliche; 23 July 1301 – 17 February 1339), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria and Styria from 1330, as well as Duke of Carinthia from 1335 until his death.

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Outline of World War I

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to World War I: World War I – major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918.

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Oxapampa

Oxapampa is a town in Peru, on the eastern side of the department of the Pasco Region.

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Panel painting

A panel painting is a painting made on a flat panel made of wood, either a single piece, or a number of pieces joined together.

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Paracelsus

Paracelsus (1493/4 – 24 September 1541), born Theophrastus von Hohenheim (full name Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim), was a Swiss physician, alchemist, and astrologer of the German Renaissance.

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Paris Peace Conference, 1919

The Paris Peace Conference, also known as Versailles Peace Conference, was the meeting of the victorious Allied Powers following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers.

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Parish church of Urtijëi

The Parish Church of Urtijëi located in the town of Urtijëi in Val Gardena in South Tyrol, Italy is dedicated to the Epiphany and to Saint Ulrich.

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Patria del Friuli

The Patria del Friuli (Patria Fori Iulii, Patrie dal Friûl) was the territory under the temporal rule of the Patriarch of Aquileia and one of the ecclesiastical states of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Paul Davidovich

Baron Paul Davidovich or Pavle Davidović (Павле Давидовић) (1737, Buda – 18 February 1814, Komárom) became a general of the Austrian Empire and a Knight of the Military Order of Maria Theresa.

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Paul Dax

Paul Dax (1503–1561) was an Austrian artist.

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Paul Hofhaimer

Paul Hofhaimer (25 January 1459 – 1537) was an Austrian organist and composer.

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Paul Schuss

Paul Schuss (born 23 July 1948 in Munzkirchen, Austria) is a French artist of the Ecole de Paris (School of Paris).

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Paul Strudel

Paul Strudel or Paul Strudl (circa 1648 – 20 November 1708) was an Austrian sculptor, architect, engineer, and painter, ennobled as Baron von Strudel and Vochburg.

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Paul Troger

Paul Troger (30 October 1698 – 20 July 1762) was an Austrian painter, draughtsman and printmaker of the late Baroque period.

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Paul von Radivojevich

Paul von Radivojevich (1759 – 15 July 1829) was an Austrian army corps commander in the army of the Austrian Empire during the late Napoleonic Wars.

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Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus

Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus, C.I.I.C. (December 16, 1865 – July 9, 1942), was an immigrant from Austria-Hungary to Brazil, who became the foundress of the Congregation of the Little Sisters of the Immaculate Conception, Religious Sisters who serve the poor.

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Peace of Pressburg (1805)

The fourth Peace of Pressburg (also known as the Treaty of Pressburg; Preßburger Frieden; Traité de Presbourg) was signed on 26 December 1805 between Napoleon and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II as a consequence of the French victories over the Austrians at Ulm (25 September – 20 October) and Austerlitz (2 December).

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Perkeo of Heidelberg

Perkeo of Heidelberg (born Clemens Pankert, according to other sources Giovanni Clementi; 1702–1735) was a notable jester and court dwarf of Elector Palatine Charles III Philip in Heidelberg.

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Peter Demant

Peter Demant (in Russian – Петр Зигмундович Демант) (literary pseudonym – Vernon Kress (in Russian – Вернон Кресс) (August 22, 1918, Innsbruck, Austria – December 11, 2006, Moscow, Russia) was a Russian writer and public figure.

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Pfäfers Abbey

Pfäfers Abbey (Kloster Pfäfers), also known as St.

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Philibert II, Duke of Savoy

Philibert II (10 April 1480 – 10 September 1504), nicknamed the Handsome or the Good, was the Duke of Savoy from 1497 until his death.

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Philip II of Spain

Philip II (Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), called "the Prudent" (el Prudente), was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1581–98, as Philip I, Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554–58).

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Philip IV of Spain

Philip IV of Spain (Felipe IV; 8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665) was King of Spain (as Philip IV in Castille and Philip III in Aragon) and Portugal as Philip III (Filipe III).

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Philip von Wörndle

Philip von Wörndle (9 July 1755 to 2 August 1818) was a Tyrolese commander against Napoleon.

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Philippine Welser

Philippine Welser (1527 – 24 April 1580) was the morganatic wife of Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria.

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Pierre-Louis Binet de Marcognet

Pierre-Louis Binet de Marcognet (14 November 1765 – 19 December 1854) joined the French army in 1781 as an officer cadet and fought in the American Revolutionary War.

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Pieter Cornelis Boutens

Pieter Cornelis Boutens (February 20, 1870 – March 14, 1943) was a Dutch poet, classicist, and mystic.

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Pietro Teulié

Pietro Teulié (Milan, 3 February 1769 — Kolberg, 18 June 1807) was an Italian general who served in the Kingdom of Italy during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Pius Zingerle

Pius Zingerle (17 March 1801 – 10 January 1881) was an Austrian Orientalist.

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Podbrdo, Tolmin

Podbrdo (Piedicolle, Untereck) is a settlement in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

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Political union

A political union is a type of state which is composed of or created out of smaller states.

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Porta Claudia

The Porta Claudia is a former fortification at the Scharnitz Pass, where the valley of the River Isar narrows near the village of Scharnitz (Tyrol, Austria), on the Bavarian border near Mittenwald.

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Pragmatic Sanction of 1723

The Pragmatic Sanction of 1723 was a bilateral treaty between the Diet of Hungary and the Hungarian king Charles III by which the Diet recognized the king's daughters (failing which his nieces and sisters) as possible heirs to the throne in return for considerable privileges.

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Prösels Castle

Prösels Castle (German: Schloss Prösels; Italian: Castello di Presule) is a castle in the Gothic style which stands on the high plain below the Schlern mountain, in South Tyrol.

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Premature burial

Premature burial, also known as live burial, burial alive, or vivisepulture, means to be buried while still alive.

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Primiero

The Primiero (Primör) is a valley located in the eastern part of Trentino, Italy.

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Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen

Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen, Viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia (22 February 1751 – 30 August 1825) was the fourth of six sons born into a high-ranking noble family.

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Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg

Prince Moritz Franz Friedrich Constantin Alexander Heinrich August Carl Albrecht of Saxe-Altenburg (24 October 1829 in Eisenberg – 13 May 1907 in Arco, Italy), was a member of the ducal house of Saxe-Altenburg.

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Prince-bishop

A prince-bishop is a bishop who is also the civil ruler of some secular principality and sovereignty.

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Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg

The Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg was one of the prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire, and belonged to the Swabian Circle.

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Prince-Bishopric of Freising

The Prince-Bishopric of Freising (German: Hochstift Freising) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1294 until its secularisation in the early years of the 19th century.

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Princess Mathilde Sophie of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg

Princess Mathilde Sophie of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg (in German: Mathilde Sophie, Prinzessin zu Oettingen-Oettingen und Oettingen-Spielberg; 9 February 1816, Oettingen, Kingdom of Bavaria– 20 January 1886, Obermais, Meran, County of Tyrol, Austria–Hungary) was a member of the Princely House of Oettingen-Spielberg and a Princess of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg by birth.

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Prontuario dei nomi locali dell'Alto Adige

The Prontuario dei nomi locali dell'Alto Adige (Italian for Reference Work of Place Names of Alto Adige) is a list of Italianized toponyms for mostly German place names in South Tyrol (Alto Adige in Italian) which was published in 1916 by the Royal Italian Geographic Society (Reale Società Geografica Italiana).

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Province of Belluno

The Province of Belluno (Provincia di Belluno; Provinz Belluno) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy.

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Puerto Tirol

Puerto Tirol is a town in Chaco Province, Argentina.

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Raetia Curiensis

Raetia Curiensis (in Latin; Churrätien, Currezia) was an Early medieval province in Central Europe, named after the preceding Roman province of Raetia prima which retained its Romansh culture during the Migration Period, while the adjacent territories in the north were largely settled by Alemannic tribes.

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Rambles in Germany and Italy

Rambles in Germany and Italy, in 1840, 1842, and 1843 is a travel narrative by the British Romantic author Mary Shelley.

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Rank insignia of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces

This article deals with the rank insignia of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces, as worn by the Austro-Hungarian Army after the reorganisation in 1867 until 1918.

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Raoul Stojsavljevic

Raoul Stojsavljevic was a World War I flying ace credited with ten aerial victories.

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Rasen-Antholz

Rasen-Antholz (Rasun-Anterselva) is a municipality in South Tyrol in northern Italy.

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Raumbach

Raumbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Renaissance

The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries.

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Republic of German-Austria

The Republic of German-Austria (Republik Deutschösterreich or Deutsch-Österreich) was a country created following World War I as the initial rump state for areas with a predominantly German-speaking population within what had been the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

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Reschen Pass

Reschen Pass (Reschenpass; Passo di Resia) is a mountain pass across the Main chain of the Alps, connecting the Upper Inn Valley in the northwest with the Vinschgau region in the southeast.

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Rhaeto-Romance languages

Rhaeto-Romance, or Rhaetian, is a traditional subfamily of the Romance languages that is spoken in north and north-eastern Italy and in Switzerland.

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Rhine Campaign of 1796

In the Rhine Campaign of 1796 (June 1796 to February 1797), two First Coalition armies under the overall command of Archduke Charles outmaneuvered and defeated two French Republican armies.

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Ring of Fire III

Ring of Fire III is an anthology created by editor-author-historian Eric Flint, first published in hardcover by Baen Books in July 2011.

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Rivoli Veronese

Rivoli Veronese is a little town (comune) in the Province of Verona, Veneto, Italy, located on the hills overlooking the right bank of the river Adige, northwest of Verona.

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Roelant Savery

Roelant Savery (or Roeland(t) Maertensz Saverij, or de Savery, or many variants) (1576 - buried 25 February 1639), was a Flanders-born Dutch Golden Age painter.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Chiemsee

The Bishopric of Chiemsee was a Roman Catholic diocese.

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Romansh language

Romansh (also spelled Romansch, Rumantsch, or Romanche; Romansh:, rumàntsch, or) is a Romance language spoken predominantly in the southeastern Swiss canton of Grisons (Graubünden), where it has official status alongside German and Italian.

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Romedius

Saint Romedius (San Romedio; died c. 4th century) was a son of the Tyrolese count of Thaur in the Inn valley near Innsbruck). Though the son of a nobleman, as a young man he withdrew to a rock cave in order to meditate. After the death of his parents, he gave away all of his possessions and established himself in the Val di Non (Nonstal) in Trentino. Romedius is often depicted alongside or astride a bear. According to his hagiography he wanted to visit the friend of his youth, St. Vigilius, Bishop of Trento (who died in 405), but his horse was torn to pieces by a wild bear. Romedius, however, had the bear bridled by his disciple David (Davide). The bear became docile and carried Romedius on its back to Trento. The tamed bear is a motif also of Saint Corbinian, bishop of Freising.

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Rosminians

The Rosminians, officially the Institute of Charity or Societas a charitate nuncupata (postnominal initials of I.C.), are a Roman Catholic religious institute founded by Antonio Rosmini and first organised in 1828.

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Royal Arms of England

The Royal Arms of England are the arms first adopted in a fixed form at the start of the age of heraldry (circa 1200) as personal arms by the Plantagenet kings who ruled England from 1154.

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Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria

Rudolf IV der Stifter ("the Founder") (1 November 1339 – 27 July 1365) was a scion of the House of Habsburg and Duke (self-proclaimed Archduke) of Austria and Duke of Styria and Carinthia from 1358, as well as Count of Tyrol from 1363 and first Duke of Carniola from 1364 until his death.

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Rudolf Moroder-Lenèrt

Rudolf Moroder-Lenèrt (26 January 1877 in Urtijëi, County of Tyrol – 22 December 1914 in Radlow, Galicia) was an Austrian sculptor specializing in religious art, who was a member of the Moroder family of South Tyrol, which was notable for the many artists of repute they produced.

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Rudolf von Uechtritz

Rudolf Karl Friedrich von Uechtritz (31 December 1838, Breslau – 21 November 1886, Breslau) was a German botanist.

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Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria

Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria (Rupprecht Maria Luitpold Ferdinand; 18 May 1869 – 2 August 1955) was the last heir apparent to the Bavarian throne.

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Saint George in devotions, traditions and prayers

Saint George is one of Christianity's most popular saints, and is highly honored by both the Western and Eastern Churches.

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Saint Paul's Abbey, Lavanttal

Saint Paul's Abbey in Lavanttal (Stift St.) is a Benedictine monastery established in 1091 near the present-day market town of Sankt Paul im Lavanttal in the Austrian state of Carinthia.

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Salorno

Salorno (Salurn) is the southernmost comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about southwest of the city of Bolzano.

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Salt Cathedral of Zipaquirá

The Salt Cathedral of Zipaquirá (Catedral de Sal de Zipaquirá) is an underground Roman Catholic church built within the tunnels of a salt mine underground in a halite mountain near the town of Zipaquirá, in Cundinamarca, Colombia.

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Sand in Taufers

Sand in Taufers (Campo Tures) is a comune mercato (market town) in South Tyrol in northern Italy.

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Sankt Veit an der Glan

Sankt Veit an der Glan (Slovene: Šentvid ob Glini) is a town in the Austrian state of Carinthia, the administrative centre of the Sankt Veit an der Glan District.

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Säben Abbey

Säben Abbey (Kloster Säben; Monastero di Sabiona) is a Benedictine nunnery located near Klausen in South Tyrol, northern Italy.

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Schaffgotsch family

The Schaffgotsch family is one of the oldest noble Silesian families extant, dating back to the thirteenth century.

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Schafreuter

Schafreuter or Schafreiter is a mountain at the border of Bavaria, Germany and Tirol, Austria in the Karwendel range.

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Scharnitz Pass

The Scharnitz Pass (Scharnitzpass or Scharnitzer Klause) is a narrow section of the upper Isar valley in the Northern Limestone Alps.

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Scheibenschlagen

Scheibenschlagen (disk flinging) is a traditional event in Central Europe in which glowing wooden disks (10 x 10 cm / 4 x 4 inches) are flung from a long hazelnut stick off a mountain side into the valley below.

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Scheibler Armorial

The so-called Scheibler Armorial (Scheiblersches Wappenbuch, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Cod.icon. 312 c) is an armorial manuscript compiled, in two separate portions, over the course of the 15th to 17th centuries.

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Schmalkaldic War

The Schmalkaldic War (Schmalkaldischer Krieg) refers to the short period of violence from 1546 until 1547 between the forces of Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire (simultaneously King Charles I of Spain), commanded by Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba, and the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League within the domains of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania

Schuylkill County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

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Schwarzach im Pongau

Schwarzach im Pongau is a market town in the St. Johann im Pongau District in the Austrian state of Salzburg.

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Schwaz

Schwaz is a city in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

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Schwielowsee (municipality)

Schwielowsee is a municipality in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Scopolia

Scopolia is a genus of five species of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae, native to Europe and Asia.

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Second Battle of Bassano

The Second Battle of Bassano on 6 November 1796, saw a Habsburg Austrian army commanded by Jozsef Alvinczi fight Napoleon Bonaparte's French Army of Italy.

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Sepp Kerschbaumer

Sepp Kerschbaumer (9 November 1913 – 7 December 1964) was a leading member of the South Tyrolean Liberation Committee (Befreiungsausschuss Südtirol (BAS)), which campaigned for the break-away of South Tyrol from Italy.

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Sepp Straffner

Sepp Straffner (31 January 1875 Bad Goisern - 29 October 1952) was an Austrian federal railway official and politician in the Greater German People's Party.

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Shorts

Shorts are a garment worn over the pelvic area, circling the waist and splitting to cover the upper part of the legs, sometimes extending down to the knees but not covering the entire length of the leg.

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Siege of Mantua (1796–97)

During the Siege of Mantua, which lasted from 4 July 1796 to 2 February 1797 with a short break, French forces under the overall command of Napoleon Bonaparte besieged and blockaded a large Austrian garrison at Mantua for many months until it surrendered.

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Siege of Padua

The Siege of Padua was a major engagement early in the War of the League of Cambrai.

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Siege of Rheinfelden (1633)

The Siege of Rheinfelden of 1633 or the Spanish recapture of Rheinfelden (Spanish: La Expugnación de Rheinfelden) took place in late October 1633, during the Thirty Years' War.

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Sigbert Heister

Sigbert Graf Heister (Kirchberg an der Raab, 1646 – Kirchberg an der Raab in Steiermark, 22 February 1718) was an Imperial Field marshal.

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Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria

Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Further Austria (27 November 1630 – 25 June 1665) was the ruler of Further Austria including Tyrol from 1662 to 1665.

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Sigismund, Archduke of Austria

Sigismund (26 October 1427 – 4 March 1496), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria from 1439 (elevated to Archduke in 1477) until his death.

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Sigmundskron Castle

Sigmundskron Castle (Schloss Sigmundskron, Castel Firmiano) is an extensive castle and set of fortifications near Bolzano in South Tyrol.

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Sillian

Sillian is a market town in the district of Lienz, in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

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Sisters of Providence of the Institute of Charity

The Sisters of Providence of the Institute of Charity, more commonly called the Rosiminian Sisters of Providence, are a Roman Catholic religious institute for women founded in Italy in 1832.

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Skoda 305 mm Model 1911

The Škoda 30.5 cm Mörser M.11 was a siege howitzer produced by Škoda Works and used by the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I and by Nazi Germany in World War II.

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Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps

Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps is an oil on canvas painting by J. M. W. Turner, first exhibited in 1812.

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Solvay, New York

Solvay is a village located in Onondaga County, New York, and a suburb of the city of Syracuse.

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South Tyrol

South Tyrol is an autonomous province in northern Italy.

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South Tyrol (disambiguation)

South Tyrol is a political subdivision of Italy since 1926.

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South Tyrolean independence movement

The South Tyrolean secessionist movement (Südtiroler Unabhängigkeitsbewegung, Movimento d'Indipendenza dell'Alto Adige) is a political movement in the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol that calls for the secession of the region from Italy and its reunification with neighboring Austria.

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South Tyrolean Unterland

The South Tyrolean Unterland (Südtiroler Unterland) or Bozen Unterland (Bozner Unterland; Bassa Atesina) is a section of the Etschtal valley stretching from the regional capital Bolzano (Bozen) down the Adige (Etsch) river to Tramin and Salorno (Salurn).

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Southern Bavarian

Southern Bavarian, or Southern Austro-Bavarian, is a cluster of Upper German dialects of the Bavarian group.

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Sponheim family

Sponheim or Spanheim was a medieval German noble family, which originated in Rhenish Franconia.

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St. Alban's Church, Odense

St.

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Stams

Stams is a municipality in Imst District, in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

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Standschützen

The Standschützen (singular: Standschütze The German noun Standschütze is a so-called nominal composition, composed of the nouns Stand- (en.

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Stanisław Maczek

General Stanisław Maczek (31 March 1892 – 11 December 1994) was a Polish tank commander of World War II, whose division was instrumental in the Allied liberation of France, closing the Falaise pocket, resulting in the destruction of 14 German Wehrmacht and SS divisions.

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Stará Lesná

Stará Lesná or "Old Forest" is a village and municipality in Kežmarok District in the Prešov Region in north-central Slovakia.

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States of Austria

Austria is a federal republic made up of nine states, known in German as Länder.

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Stem duchy

A stem duchy (Stammesherzogtum, from Stamm, meaning "tribe", in reference to the Germanic tribes of the Franks, Saxons, Bavarians and Swabians) was a constituent duchy of the Kingdom of Germany at the time of the extinction of the Carolingian dynasty (the death of Louis the Child in 911) and through the transitional period leading to the formation of the Holy Roman Empire later in the 10th century.

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Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria

Stephen II (1319 – 13 May 1375, Landshut; Stephan) was Duke of Bavaria from 1347 until his death.

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Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria

Stephen III (1337 – 26 September 1413), called the Magnificent or the Fop (Stephan der Kneißl), was the Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt from 1375.

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Sterzing

Sterzing (Vipiteno) is a comune in South Tyrol in northern Italy.

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Style of the British sovereign

The precise style of British sovereigns has varied over the years.

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Style of the Portuguese sovereign

The style of Portuguese sovereign has varied over the years.

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Styrian Armoury

The Styrian Armoury (Landeszeughaus), in the Austrian city of Graz, is the world's largest historic armoury and attracts visitors from all over the world.

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Swabia (Bavaria)

Swabia (Schwaben) is one of the seven administrative regions of Bavaria, Germany.

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Swabian children

The Swabian children (German: Schwabenkinder) were peasant children from poor families in the Alps of Austria and Switzerland who went to find work on farms in Upper Swabia and the Swabian Jura.

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Swabian League

The Swabian League (Schwäbischer Bund) was a mutual defence and peace keeping association of Imperial Estates – free Imperial cities, prelates, principalities and knights – principally in the territory of the early medieval stem duchy of Swabia, established in 1488 at the behest of Emperor Frederick III of Habsburg and supported as well by Bertold von Henneberg-Römhild, archbishop of Mainz, whose conciliar rather than monarchic view of the Reich often put him at odds with Frederick's successor Maximilian.

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Swabian War

The Swabian War of 1499 (Schwabenkrieg, also called Schweizerkrieg ("Swiss War") in Germany and Engadiner Krieg in Austria) was the last major armed conflict between the Old Swiss Confederacy and the House of Habsburg.

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Tamar of Georgia

Tamar the Great (თამარი) (1160 – 18 January 1213) reigned as the Queen of Georgia from 1184 to 1213, presiding over the apex of the Georgian Golden Age.

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Tarasp

Tarasp is a former municipality in the district of Inn in the Swiss canton of Graubünden.

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Tarasp Castle

Tarasp Castle (Schloss Tarasp, Romansh: Chastè da Tarasp) is a castle in Switzerland, near the former municipality of Tarasp (now Scuol), in Lower Engadin, Graubünden.

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Týr

Týr (Old Norse: Týr short.

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Tegernsee Abbey

Tegernsee Abbey (German Kloster Tegernsee, Abtei Tegernsee) is a former Benedictine monastery in the town and district of Tegernsee in Bavaria.

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Tenth Army (France)

The Tenth Army (Xe Armée) was a Field army of the French Army during World War I and World War II.

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Terlan

Terlan (Terlano) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy.

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Teutonic Order

The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem (official names: Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum, Orden der Brüder vom Deutschen Haus der Heiligen Maria in Jerusalem), commonly the Teutonic Order (Deutscher Orden, Deutschherrenorden or Deutschritterorden), is a Catholic religious order founded as a military order c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem.

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The Enchanted World

The Enchanted World was a series of twenty-one books published in the 1980s.

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The Headsman

The Headsman (aka Shadow of the Sword, Au. Henker) is a 2005 film directed by Simon Aeby.

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The Palio of Districts of Trento

The Palio of Districts of Trento (in Italian: Il palio delle Contrade di Trento) is a celebration in remembrance of the Battle of Calliano (1487) and takes place every year in September in the city of Trento, the capital of Trentino in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, a region of Northern Italy.

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The Power-House

The Power-House is a novel by John Buchan, a thriller set in London, England.

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The Punishment of Lust

The Punishment of Lust (La Punizione della Lussuria), also called The Punishment of Luxury, is an 1891 oil painting on canvas by the artist Giovanni Segantini.

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Thomas Francis Brennan

Thomas Francis Brennan (6 October 1855 – 20 March 1916) was an American Catholic bishop who served as the first Catholic bishop of Dallas from 1891 to 1893.

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Thomas-Alexandre Dumas

Thomas-Alexandre Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie (also known as Alexandre Dumas; 25 March 1762 – 26 February 1806) was a general in Revolutionary France and the highest-ranking man of mixed African descent ever in a European army.

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Three Leagues

The Three Leagues was the alliance of 1471 of the League of God's House, the League of the Ten Jurisdictions and the Grey League, leading eventually to the formation of the Swiss canton of Graubünden.

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Timeline of Niccolò Machiavelli

This timeline lists important events relevant to the life of the Italian diplomat, writer and political philosopher Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (1469–1527).

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Timeline of the Adriatic campaign of 1807–14

The Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814 was a struggle for supremacy in the Adriatic Sea between the French Navy and the British Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Timeline of the French Revolution

The following is a timeline of the French Revolution.

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Tione di Trento

Tione di Trento (Taun, Teyen or Tillen) is a comune (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about west of Trento.

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Tirol, South Tyrol

Tirol (Tirolo) is a comune (municipality) in the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about northwest of the city of Bolzano.

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Tiroler Volksbund

The Tiroler Volksbund was a Pan-Germanist association founded on May 5, 1905.

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Tolentino order of battle

This is an order of battle for the Battle of Tolentino that was fought on 2 May – 3 May 1815.

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Tourism region

A tourism region is a geographical region that has been designated by a governmental organization or tourism bureau as having common cultural or environmental characteristics.

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Treaty of Chambord

The Treaty of Chambord was an agreement signed on 15 January 1552 at the Château de Chambord between the Catholic King Henry II of France and three Protestant princes of the Holy Roman Empire led by Elector Maurice of Saxony.

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Treaty of London (1915)

London Pact (Patto di Londra), or more correctly, the Treaty of London, 1915, was a secret pact between the Triple Entente and the Kingdom of Italy.

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Treaty of Munich (1816)

The Treaty of Munich (German Vertrag von München) of 14 April 1816 normalized relations between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Bavaria through several territorial exchanges.

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Treaty of Neuberg

The Treaty of Neuberg, concluded between the Austrian duke Albert III and his brother Leopold III on 25 September 1379, determined the division of the Habsburg hereditary lands into an Albertinian and Leopoldian line.

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Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)

The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the Republic of German-Austria on the other.

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Trent Codices

The Trent Codices are a collection of seven large music manuscripts compiled around the middle of the 15th century, currently kept in the northern Italian city of Trent.

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Trentino

Trentino, officially the Autonomous Province of Trento, is an autonomous province of Italy, in the country's far north.

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Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol (Trentino-Alto Adige,; Trentino-Südtirol; Trentin-Südtirol) is an autonomous region in Northern Italy.

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Trento

Trento (anglicized as Trent; local dialects: Trènt; Trient) is a city on the Adige River in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy.

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Triumphal Arch (woodcut)

The Triumphal Arch (also known as the Arch of Maximilian I, Ehrenpforte Maximilians I.) is a 16th-century monumental woodcut print, commissioned by the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I. The composite image was printed on 36 large sheets of paper from 195 separate wood blocks.

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Tschanüff Castle

Tschanüff Castle is a ruined castle in the former municipality of Ramosch (now Valsot) of the Canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

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Tyrol

Tyrol (historically the Tyrole, Tirol, Tirolo) is a historical region in the Alps; in northern Italy and western Austria.

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Tyrol (disambiguation)

Tyrol or Tirol is a historical region in the Eastern Alps, divided since 1919 into Western Austria and Northern Italy.

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Tyrol (state)

Tyrol (Tirol; Tirolo) is a federal state (Bundesland) in western Austria.

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Tyrol 1809 order of battle

At the beginning of the War of the Fifth Coalition on 9 April 1809, the armies of the Austrian Empire invaded the Kingdom of Bavaria, an ally of the First French Empire, and the Kingdom of Italy, a French satellite.

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Tyrol Castle

Tyrol Castle, less commonly Tirol Castle (Castel Tirolo, Schloss Tirol) is a castle in the comune (municipality) of Tirol near Merano, in the Burggrafenamt district of South Tyrol, Italy.

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Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion

The Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion (Europaregion Tirol-Südtirol-Trentino; Euregio Tirolo-Alto Adige-Trentino) is a Euroregion formed by three different regional authorities in Austria and Italy: the Austrian state of Tyrol (i.e. North and East Tyrol) and the Italian autonomous provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino.

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Tyrolean

Tyrolean may refer to.

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Tyrolean Rebellion

The Tyrolean Rebellion of 1809 (German: Tiroler Volksaufstand) was a rebellion of peasants in the County of Tyrol led by Andreas Hofer against the occupation of their homeland by the French and Bavarian troops within the context of the War of the Fifth Coalition against Napoleon I.

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Tyrolean Speck

Tyrolean Speck is a distinctively juniper-flavored ham originally from Tyrol, a historical region that since 1918 partially lies in Italy.

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Tyrolite

Tyrolite is a hydrated calcium copper arsenate carbonate mineral with formula: CaCu5(AsO4)2CO3(OH)4·6H2O.

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Ulm Campaign

The Ulm Campaign was a series of French and Bavarian military maneuvers and battles to outflank and capture an Austrian army in 1805 during the War of the Third Coalition.

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Unsleben

Unsleben is a municipality in the district of Rhön-Grabfeld in Bavaria in Germany.

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Unterjeckenbach

Unterjeckenbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Upper Franconia

Upper Franconia (Oberfranken) is a Regierungsbezirk (administrative region) of the state of Bavaria, southern Germany.

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Upper Palatinate

The Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz) is one of the seven administrative districts of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of Bavaria.

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Valentin Gallmetzer

Valentin Gallmetzer (February 9, 1870, Obereggen, Deutschnofen – January 16, 1958, Klausen) was a Tyrolean gothic revival sculptor, a pupil of Franz Tavella.

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Valtellina

Valtellina or the Valtelline (occasionally spelled as two words in English: Val Telline; Vuclina, Valtelina); Veltlin, Valtellina, Valtulina, Vuclina, is a valley in the Lombardy region of northern Italy, bordering Switzerland.

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Veronese Easter

The Veronese Easter (Italian: Pasque Veronesi, or singular Pasqua Veronese; Pâques véronaises) was a rebellion during the Italian campaign of 1797, in which inhabitants of Verona and the surrounding areas revolted against the French occupying forces under Antoine Balland, while Napoleon Bonaparte (the French supreme commander in the Italian campaign) was fighting in Austria.

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Verses pascales de tres Maries

The Verses pascales de tres Maries (Easter Verses of the Three Maries) are twelfth-century Latin lyric verses from Vic that form a liturgical drama for performance at Easter.

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Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule

Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule (A Treatise on the Fundamental Principles of Violin Playing) is a textbook for instruction in the violin, published by Leopold Mozart in 1756.

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VI Corps (Grande Armée)

The VI Corps of the Grande Armée was the name of a French military unit that existed during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Via Imperii

Via Imperii (Imperial Road) was one of the most important of a class of roads known collectively as imperial roads (Reichsstraßen) of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Victor Mature

Victor John Mature (January 29, 1913 – August 4, 1999) was an American stage, film, and television actor who starred most notably in several Biblical movies during the 1950s, and was known for his dark good looks and mega-watt smile.

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Vigilius of Trent

Saint Vigilius of Trent (San Vigilio di Trento) is venerated as the patron saint and first bishop of Trent.

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Viktor Dankl von Krasnik

Count Viktor Dankl von Krasnik (Viktor Graf Dankl von Krasnik, born as Viktor Dankl on September 18, 1854, in Udine, died January 8, 1941 in Innsbruck) was a highly decorated career Austro-Hungarian officer who reached the pinnacle of his service during World War I with promotion to the rare rank of Colonel General (Generaloberst).

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Vinko Knežević

Vinko Knežević or Vincent Knesevich de Szent-Helena (30 November 1755 – 11 March 1832) was a Croatian nobleman and general in the Habsburg Monarchy imperial army service.

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Vinzenz Maria Gredler

Vinzenz Maria Gredler (30 September 1823 in Telfs near Innsbruck – 4 May 1912 in Bozen) was an Austrian naturalist.

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Virgil von Graben

Virgil von Graben (15th century — 1507) was an Austrian noble and knight, who was stadtholder of Lienz and East Tyrol and Regent (captain) and stadtholder of Görz.

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Von Graben family tree

This is the family tree of the Austrian Von Graben family.

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Walhaz

*Walhaz is a reconstructed Proto-Germanic word meaning "foreigner", "stranger", "Roman", "Romance-speaker", or "Celtic-speaker".

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Wappenbüchlein

A Wappenbüchlein ("little armorial", libellus scutorum) was published by Virgil Solis in 1555, printed in Nuremberg.

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War of the Fifth Coalition

The War of the Fifth Coalition was fought in 1809 by a coalition of the Austrian Empire and the United Kingdom against Napoleon's French Empire and Bavaria.

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War of the First Coalition

The War of the First Coalition (Guerre de la Première Coalition) is the traditional name of the wars that several European powers fought between 1792 and 1797 against the French First Republic.

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War of the League of Cambrai

The War of the League of Cambrai, sometimes known as the War of the Holy League and by several other names, was a major conflict in the Italian Wars.

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Wattens

Wattens is a market town of the Innsbruck-Land District in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

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Würzburg Hauptbahnhof

Würzburg Hauptbahnhof is a railway station for the city of Würzburg in the German state of Bavaria.

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Wildenberg Castle (Zernez)

Planta-Wildenberg Castle is a castle in the municipality of Zernez of the Canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

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Wilhelm Biener

Wilhelm Biener (Bienner) (1590 – 17 July 1651) was a lawyer, and chancellor of Tyrol.

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Wilhelm Loewe

Wilhelm Loewe (14 November 1814 in Olvenstedt – 2 November 1886 in Meran, County of Tyrol) was a German physician and Liberal politician, also called Wilhelm Loewe-Kalbe or Wilhelm Loewe von Kalbe.

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Wilhelm Lothar Maria von Kerpen

Wilhelm Lothar Maria, Freiherr von Kerpen (24 May 1741 – 26 December 1823) joined the army of Habsburg Austria and rose to the rank of general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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William Howitt

William Howitt (18 December 1792 – 3 March 1879), was a prolific English writer on history and other subjects.

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William Pars

William Pars (28 February 1742 – 1782) was an English watercolour portrait and landscape painter, draughtsman and illustrator.

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William Stanley Haseltine

William Stanley Haseltine (June 11, 1835 – February 3, 1900) was an American painter and draftsman who was associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting, the Hudson River School and Luminism.

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William, Duke of Austria

William (– 15 July 1406), known as William the Courteous (der Freundliche), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria from 1386.

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Willibrord Benzler

Willibrord Benzler OSB (16 October 1853 – 16 April 1921) was the Roman Catholic Bishop of Metz from 1901 to 1919.

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Wilten Boys' Choir

The Wilten Boys' Choir (Wiltener Sängerknaben) is a part of the Premonstratensian Wilten Abbey, at the foot of Bergisel in Innsbruck, Austria.

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Windic March

The Windic March (Windische Mark; also known as Wendish March) was a medieval frontier march of the Holy Roman Empire, roughly corresponding to the Lower Carniola (Dolenjska) region in present-day Slovenia.

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Wolfgang Gröbner

Wolfgang Gröbner (11 February 1899 – 20 August 1980) was an Austrian mathematician.

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Wolfgang of Regensburg

Saint Wolfgang of Regensburg (Wolfgangus; 934 – October 31, 994 AD) was bishop of Regensburg in Bavaria from Christmas 972 until his death.

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Wunderer

Der Wunderer (the monster), or Etzels Hofhaltung (Etzel's holding of court) is an anonymous Early New High German poem about the legendary hero Dietrich von Bern, the legendary counterpart of the historical Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great.

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Zgornja Sorica

Zgornja Sorica (OberzarzLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 62.) is a village in the Municipality of Železniki in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

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Zillertal

The Zillertal ("Ziller valley") is a valley in Tyrol, Austria that is drained by the Ziller river.

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Zu Mantua in Banden

Zu Mantua in Banden (also known as the Andreas-Hofer-Lied) is one of the most popular folk songs and, since 1948, the official anthem of the current Austrian State of Tyrol, i.e. the Northern and Eastern part of the former County of Tyrol.

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1340s

The 1340s were a Julian calendar decade in the 14th century, in the midst of a period in world history often referred to as the Late Middle Ages in the Old World and the pre-Columbian era in the New World.

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1341

Year 1341 (MCCCXLI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1359

Year 1359 (MCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1380s

The 1380s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1380, and ended on December 31, 1389.

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1430s in art

The decade of the 1430s in art involved some significant events.

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1490s in art

The decade of the 1490s in art involved some significant events.

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1629–31 Italian plague

The Italian Plague of 1629–31 was a series of outbreaks of bubonic plague which ravaged northern and central Italy.

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1697 in art

Events from the year 1697 in art.

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1703

In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Thursday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

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1810

No description.

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1919 in Italy

See also: 1918 in Italy, other events of 1919, 1920 in Italy.

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Redirects here:

Count of Tyrol, Counts of Tyrol, County of Tirol, County of tyrol, List of Tyrolian counts, Princely Count of Tyrol, Princely Countess of Tyrol, Princely County of Tyrol.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Tyrol

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