227 relations: Adam Wenceslaus, Duke of Cieszyn, Administrative division of Polish–Lithuanian territories after Partitions, Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Administrative divisions of Lithuania, Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg, Alessandro Cagliostro, Alexander of Courland, Alsunga, Alvise Cadamosto, Anna of Mecklenburg, Anna of Russia, Anna Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt, Auce, Background of the occupation of the Baltic states, Baltic Germans, Baltic governorates, Baltic nobility, Baltic states, Bar Confederation, Battle of Gemauerthof, Battle of Jakobstadt, Battle of Kircholm, Battle of Ula, Bauska, Bauska Castle, Bauska Jewish community, Bauska Town Hall, Báthory family, Bāžciems, Bēne Manor, Benigna Gottlieb von Trotha gt Treyden, Biron family, Bishopric of Courland, Brandenburg-Prussia, Catherine I of Russia, Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden, Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, Charles of Saxony, Duke of Courland, Christoph Johann 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Timeline of sovereign states in Europe, Tobago, Treaty of Mozhaysk, Treaty of Vilnius (1561), Trinidad and Tobago, Truce of Mitawa, Tsarevna Catherine Ivanovna of Russia, Tukums, Turks in Germany, Tyzenhaus, Ventspils, Ventspils Castle, Vidzeme, Voivodeships of Poland, Von Vladimiroff, War of the Polish Succession, Wilhelm Kettler, Zaļenieki Manor, 1650, 1655, 1698, 1737. 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Adam Wenceslaus, Duke of Cieszyn
Adam Wenceslaus of Cieszyn (Adam Wacław Cieszyński, Adam Václav Těšínský, Adam Wenzel von Teschen; 12 December 1574 – 13 July 1617), was a Duke of Cieszyn from 1579 until his death.
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Administrative division of Polish–Lithuanian territories after Partitions
The three consecutive partitions of Poland carried out in the late 18th century by the Austrian, Prussian and the Russian empires, between 1772 and 1795, resulted in the complete disappearance of sovereign Poland from the map of Europe until the end of World War One in 1918.
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Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The administrative division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the result of the long and complicated history of the fragmentation of the Polish Kingdom and the union of Poland and Lithuania.
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Administrative divisions of Lithuania
This article is about the administrative divisions of Lithuania.
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Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg
Albrecht VII, the Handsome, Duke of Mecklenburg in Güstrow (25 July 1486 – 5 January 1547), was a minor ruler in North Germany of the 16th century.
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Alessandro Cagliostro
Count Alessandro di Cagliostro (2 June 1743 – 26 August 1795) was the alias of the occultist Giuseppe Balsamo (in French usually referred to as Joseph Balsamo). Cagliostro was an Italian adventurer and self-styled magician.
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Alexander of Courland
Alexander of Courland (Alexander von Kurland) (18 October 1658 – 1686), nicknamed "Alexander the One-armed", was a Baltic German prince and the brother of Duke Frederick (II) Casimir of Courland.He was the youngest son of Jakob Kettler (1610–1682), Duke of Courland and his wife Luise Charlotte von Brandenburg (1617–1676), oldest daughter of Prince elector Georg Wilhelm von Brandenburg.
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Alsunga
Alsunga (also Alšvanga, Alschwangen) is a village in Alsunga Municipality, Latvia.
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Alvise Cadamosto
Alvise Cadamosto or Alvide da Ca' da Mosto (also known in Portuguese as Luís Cadamosto; c. 1432 – July 18, 1488) was an Venetian slave trader and explorer, who was hired by the Portuguese prince Henry the Navigator and undertook two known journeys to West Africa in 1455 and 1456, accompanied by the Genoese captain Antoniotto Usodimare.
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Anna of Mecklenburg
Anna of Mecklenburg (14 October 15334 July 1602), was a Duchess consort of Courland by marriage to the Duke of Courland, Gotthard Kettler.
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Anna of Russia
Anna Ioannovna (Анна Иоанновна; –), also spelled Anna Ivanovna and sometimes anglicized as Anne, was regent of the duchy of Courland from 1711 until 1730 and then ruled as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740.
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Anna Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt
Anna Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt (24 December 1706 – 3 January 1751), was a German noblewoman and member of the House of Hohenzollern and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Eisenach.
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Auce
Auce (Aukė; Alt-Autz) is a town in southern Latvia near the Lithuanian border.
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Background of the occupation of the Baltic states
The background of the occupation of the Baltic states covers the period before the first Soviet occupation on 14 June 1940, stretching from independence in 1918 to the Soviet ultimatums in 1939–1940.
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Baltic Germans
The Baltic Germans (Deutsch-Balten or Deutschbalten, later Baltendeutsche) are ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia.
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Baltic governorates
The Baltic governorates (Прибалтийские губернии), originally the Ostsee governorates (Ostseegouvernements, Остзейские губернии), was a collective name for the administrative units of the Russian Empire set up in the territories of Swedish Estonia, Swedish Livonia (1721) and, afterwards, of Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1795).
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Baltic nobility
The Baltic or Baltic German nobility was the privileged social class in the territories of today's Estonia and Latvia.
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Baltic states
The Baltic states, also known as the Baltic countries, Baltic republics, Baltic nations or simply the Baltics (Balti riigid, Baltimaad, Baltijas valstis, Baltijos valstybės), is a geopolitical term used for grouping the three sovereign countries in Northern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
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Bar Confederation
The Bar Confederation (Konfederacja barska; 1768–1772) was an association of Polish nobles (szlachta) formed at the fortress of Bar in Podolia in 1768 to defend the internal and external independence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth against Russian influence and against King Stanisław II Augustus with Polish reformers, who were attempting to limit the power of the Commonwealth's wealthy magnates.
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Battle of Gemauerthof
The Battle of Gemauerthof was a battle in the Great Northern War, fought south of Riga, in present-day Latvia in July 1705.
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Battle of Jakobstadt
The Battle of Jakobstadt (Jēkabpils), (Krzyżbork) was a battle fought in the Great Northern War.
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Battle of Kircholm
The Battle of Kircholm (27 September 1605, or 17 September in the Old Style calendar then in use in Protestant countries) was one of the major battles in the Polish–Swedish War.
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Battle of Ula
The Battle of Ula or Battle of Chashniki was fought during the Livonian War on 26 January 1564 between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Tsardom of Russia on the Ula River (tributary of the Daugava River) north of Chashniki in the Vitebsk Region.
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Bauska
Bauska is a town in Bauska Municipality, in the Zemgale region of southern Latvia.
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Bauska Castle
Bauska Castle (Schloss Bauske) is a complex consisting of the ruins of an earlier castle and a later palace on the outskirts of the Latvian city of Bauska.
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Bauska Jewish community
The Bauska Jewish community existed in Bauska from the late 18th century until September 1941.
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Bauska Town Hall
Bauska Town Hall is a recently rebuilt 17th century town hall building located in the middle of the Bauska Market Square.
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Báthory family
The Báthory family (Batory) was a Hungarian noble family of the Gutkeled clan.
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Bāžciems
Bāžciems is a residential area and neighbourhood of the city Jūrmala, Latvia.
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Bēne Manor
Bēne Manor is a manor house in the historical region of Zemgale, in Latvia.
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Benigna Gottlieb von Trotha gt Treyden
Benigna Gottliebe von Trotta genannt Treyden (15 October 1703 – 5 November 1782), was a Duchess consort of Courland.
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Biron family
The House of Biron was a szlachta family in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and a noble family in the Russian Empire.
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Bishopric of Courland
The Bishopric of Courland (Episcopatus Curoniensis, Low German: Bisdom Curland) was the second smallest (4500 km2) ecclesiastical state in the Livonian Confederation founded in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade.
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Brandenburg-Prussia
Brandenburg-Prussia (Brandenburg-Preußen) is the historiographic denomination for the Early Modern realm of the Brandenburgian Hohenzollerns between 1618 and 1701.
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Catherine I of Russia
Catherine I (Yekaterina I Alekseyevna, born, later known as Marta Samuilovna Skavronskaya; –) was the second wife of Peter the Great and Empress of Russia from 1725 until her death.
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Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden
Charles Frederick (22 November 1728 – 10 June 1811) was Margrave, Elector and later Grand Duke of Baden (initially only Margrave of Baden-Durlach) from 1738 until his death.
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Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel
Charles of Hesse-Kassel (Karl von Hessen-Kassel; 3 August 1654, Kassel, Landgraviate of Hesse – 23 March 1730, at the same place), of the House of Hesse, was the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1670 to 1730.
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Charles of Saxony, Duke of Courland
Prince Karl Christian Joseph of Saxony (13 July 1733 – 16 June 1796) was a German prince of the House of Wettin and a Duke of Courland and Semigallia.
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Christoph Johann von Medem
Count Christoph Johann Friedrich von Medem (Jeannot Medem; 1763–1838) was a nobleman from Courland and courtier in the courts of Prussian kings Frederick the Great, Frederick William II and Emperor of Russia Paul I. His sisters were poet Elisa von der Recke and last Duchess of Courland, Dorothea von Medem.
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Coat of arms of Latvia
Coat of arms of Republic of Latvia was officially adopted by the Constitutional Assembly of Latvia on July 15, 1921 and was in official use from August 19, 1921.
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Colonial empire
A colonial empire is a collective of territories (often called colonies), mostly overseas, settled by the population of a certain state and governed by that state.
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Colonization attempts by Poland
Poland never formally had any colonial territories, however over its history the acquisition of such territories was at times contemplated, but never attempted.
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Constantine, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Konstantin Hermann Thassilo of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (16 February 1801 in Schloss Sagan, Sagan, Silesia, Prussia – 3 September 1869 in Schloss Polnisch Nettkow, Grünberg, Silesia, Prussia) was the last Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen.
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Countess Sophie Amalie of Nassau-Siegen
Sophie Amalie of Nassau-Siegen (10 January 1650 – 25 December 1688), was a German princess member of the House of Nassau in the branch of Nassau-Siegen, and by marriage Duchess consort of Courland.
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Courland
Courland, or Kurzeme (in Latvian; Kurāmō; German and Kurland; Curonia/Couronia; Курляндия; Kuršas; Kurlandia), is one of the historical and cultural regions in western Latvia.
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Courland (disambiguation)
Courland is one of the historical and cultural regions of Latvia.
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Courland Governorate
Courland Governorate, also known as the Province of Courland, Governorate of Kurland (Курля́ндская губерния), and Government of Courland (Kurländisches Gouvernement, Kurzemes guberņa), was one of the Baltic governorates of the Russian Empire, that is now part of the Republic of Latvia.
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Courlander
Courlander may refer to.
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Couronian colonization
Couronian colonization refers to the colonization efforts of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, a vassal of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Couronian colonization of the Americas
The Couronian colonization of the Americas was performed by the Duchy of Courland, which was the second smallest state to colonize the Americas (after the Knights of Malta), with a colony on the island of Tobago from 1654 to 1659, and intermittently from 1660 to 1689.
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Crossing of the Düna
The Crossing of the Düna (also known as Battle of Riga) took place during the Great Northern War on July 8 (Julian calendar) / July 9 (Swedish calendar) / July 19 (Gregorian calendar) 1701 near the city of Riga, present-day Latvia.
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Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (Korona Królestwa Polskiego, Latin: Corona Regni Poloniae), commonly known as the Polish Crown or simply the Crown, is the common name for the historic (but unconsolidated) Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, including Poland proper.
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Crown Point, Tobago
Crown Point is a town in southwestern Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Cultural regions of Latvia
Cultural regions of Latvia are several areas within Latvia formally recognised as distinct from the rest of the country.
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Curonian Kings
Curonian Kings (Kurische Könige; Kuršu ķoniņi) are a Latvian cultural group, originally lesser vassals and free farmers that lived in seven villages between Goldingen (Kuldīga) and Hasenpoth (Aizpute) in Courland.
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Czerwieńsk
Czerwieńsk (Rothenburg an der Oder) is a town in Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland, with 4,152 inhabitants (2005).
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Daugavpils
Daugavpils (Daugpiļs; Даугавпилс; see other names) is a city in southeastern Latvia, located on the banks of the Daugava River, from which the city gets its name.
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Dietrich Reinkingk
Dietrich Reinkingk (in Latin sources Theodor Reinking (10 March 1590 – 15 December 1664) was a German constitutional lawyer and politician, much of whose career was adversely impacted by the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648). He was also an important early contributor to the Reichspublizistik movement, which sought to document and thereby promote and legitimise the constitutional arrangements and processes that operated in the Holy Roman Empire.
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Dobele Castle
Dobele Castle is a castle in the town of Dobele on the west bank of the river, in the historical region of Zemgale, in Latvia.
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Dog Island, Gambia
Dog Island is a small island, situated on the Gambia River in the Republic of the Gambia about 13 kilometres from the mouth of the river to the Atlantic Ocean.
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Dorothea von Medem
(Anna Charlotte) Dorothea von Medem (3 February 1761 – 20 August 1821) was born a Gräfin (Countess) of the noble German Baltic Medem family and later became Duchess of Courland (a Baltic region).
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Duchess Sophie of Prussia
Duchess Sophie of Prussia (c. 31 March 1582 – c. 24 November 1610) was a German princess of the Duchy of Prussia, a fief of Kingdom of Poland and a member of the House of Hohenzollern.
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Duchy
A duchy is a country, territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess.
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Duchy of Żagań
The Duchy of Żagań (Księstwo Żagańskie, Zaháňské knížectví) or Duchy of Sagan (Herzogtum Sagan) was one of the duchies of Silesia ruled by the Silesian Piasts.
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Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (Ducatus Curlandiæ et Semigalliæ, Księstwo Kurlandii i Semigalii, Herzogtum Kurland und Semgallen, Kurzemes un Zemgales hercogiste) was a duchy in the Baltic region that existed from 1561 to 1569 as a vassal state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and from 1569 to 1726 to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, incorporated into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by Sejm in 1726, On 28 March 1795, it was annexed by the Russian Empire in the Third Partition of Poland.
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Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918)
The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia was briefly a client state of the German Empire.
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Duchy of Livonia
The Duchy of Livonia (Księstwo Inflanckie; Livonijos kunigaikštystė; Ducatus Ultradunensis; Üleväina-Liivimaa hertsogkond; Pārdaugavas hercogiste; also referred to as Polish Livonia or Inflanty) was a territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania—and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth—that existed from 1561 to 1621.
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Duchy of Samogitia
The Duchy of Samogitia (Žemaičių seniūnija, Žemaitėjės seniūnėjė, Księstwo żmudzkie)Grzegorz Błaszczyk, Żmudź w XVII i XVIII wieku: zaludnienie i struktura społeczna, Uniwersytet im.
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Duke Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Bevern (25 September 1718, Wolfenbüttel – 12 May 1788, Eisenach) was a field-marshal in the armies of the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic, the elected Duke of Courland (1741).
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Edmond de Talleyrand-Périgord
Edmond de Talleyrand-Périgord, 2nd Duke of Talleyrand, 2nd Duke of Dino (1 August 1787, Paris – 14 May 1872, Florence), was a French general of the Napoleonic Wars.
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Eleja manor house
Eleja manor house (German: Herrenhaus Elley) is the name of the ruins of a destroyed manor house, manor complex buildings and the surrounding English landscape garden.
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Elisa von der Recke
Elisa von der Recke (20 May 1754 – 13 April 1833) was a Baltic German writer and poet.
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Elisabeth Magdalena of Pomerania
Elisabeth Magdalena of Pomerania (14 June 1580 – 23 February 1649), was a Duchess consort of Courland by marriage to Friedrich Kettler.
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Elizabeth Lucretia, Duchess of Cieszyn
Elizabeth Lucretia of Cieszyn (Elżbieta Lukrecja Cieszyńska; Alžběta Lukrécie Těšínská; Elisabeth Lukretia von Teschen); 1 June 1599 – 19 May 1653), was a reigning Duchess of Cieszyn (Teschen, Těšín) from 1625 until her death. Born as the third child and second daughter of Adam Wenceslaus, Duke of Cieszyn (by his wife Elisabeth, daughter of Gotthard Kettler, Duke of Courland), she was the last ruler of Cieszyn from the Polish Piast dynasty.
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Ernst Johann von Biron
Ernst Johann von Biron (Ernst Johann von Biron; Эрнст Иоганн Бирон; (Bühren); –) was a Duke of Courland and Semigallia (1737) and regent of the Russian Empire (1740).
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Ernst-Johann Biron, Prince of Courland
Ernst-Johann Karl Oskar Eitel-Friedrich Peter Burchard, Prince Biron von Courland (born 6 August 1940)Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (editor).
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European exploration of Africa
The geography of North Africa has been reasonably well known among Europeans since classical antiquity in Greco-Roman geography.
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Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Ferdinand Albert (German Ferdinand Albrecht; 29 May 1680 – 2 September 1735, Salzdahlum), Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, was an officer in the army of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Ferdinand Kettler
Ferdinand Kettler (November 1, 1655 - May 4, 1737) was the Duke of Courland and Semigallia from 1730 to 1737.
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First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795.
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Frederick Casimir Kettler
Frederick Casimir Kettler (German: Friedrich Casimir Kettler; 6 July 1650 – 22 January 1698) was Duke of Courland and Semigallia from 1682 to 1698.
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Frederick IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
Frederick IV Charles Louis William of Hesse-Homburg (15 April 1724 in Braunfels – 7 February 1751 in Bad Homburg), was Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg.
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Frederick William, Duke of Cieszyn
Frederick William of Cieszyn (Fryderyk Wilhelm cieszyński, Bedřich Vilém (Těšín), Friedrich Wilhelm (Teschen); 9 November 1601 – 19 August 1625) was a Duke of Cieszyn since 1617 until his death.
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Frederick William, Duke of Courland
Frederick William (Friedrich Wilhelm; 19 July 1692 – 21 January 1711) was Duke of Courland and Semigallia from 1698 to 1711.
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Friedrich Kettler
Friedrich Kettler (Latvian: Frīdrihs Ketlers, 25 November 1569 in Mītava (German: Mitau, now Jelgava) – 17 August 1642) was Duke of Courland and Semigallia (Latvian: Kurzemes un Zemgales hercogiste, now part of Latvia) from 1587 to 1642.
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Friedrich Ludwig Lindner
Friedrich Ludwig Lindner (23 October 1772 - 11 May 1845) was a German writer, journalist and physician.
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General Crack
General Crack is a 1929 American pre-Code part-talkie historical costume melodrama with Technicolor sequences which was directed by Alan Crosland and produced and distributed by Warner Bros. It was filmed and premiered in 1929, and released early in 1930.
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Georg Mancelius
Georg Mancelius otherwise Georgs Mancelis (born 24 June / 4 July 1593 in Grenzhof (now Mežmuiža in Augstkalne Parish), Courland; died 17 March 1654 in Mitau) was a German Baltic Lutheran theologian in what is now Latvia.
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George Henry Loskiel
George Henry Loskiel (Georgs Heinrihs Loskīls; Georg Heinrich Loskiel) (7 November 1740 in Rinda, Latvia – 23 February 1814 in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania) was presiding bishop of the northern district of the American province of the Moravian Church (1802–1811).
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German colonization of the Americas
The German colonization of the Americas consisted of German settlements in Venezuela (Klein-Venedig, also Welser-Kolonie), St. Thomas, Crab Island (Guyana), and Ter Tholen (Tortola) in the 16th and 17th centuries.
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Gotthard Kettler
Gotthard von Kettler (also Ketteler, Gotthard Kettler, Herzog von Kurland; 2 February 1517 – 17 May 1587) was the last Master of the Livonian Order and the first Duke of Courland and Semigallia.
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Grand Embassy of Peter the Great
The Grand Embassy (translit) was a Russian diplomatic mission to Western Europe in 1697–98 led by Peter the Great.
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Grobiņa Castle
Grobiņa Castle is a medieval castle located in the town of Grobiņa, Latvia, in western Courland.
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Herford Abbey
Herford Abbey (Frauenstift Herford) was the oldest women's religious house in the Duchy of Saxony.
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Hermann Karl von Keyserling
Count Hermann Karl von Keyserling (1697–1764) was a Russian diplomat from the Keyserlingk family of Baltic German nobility based in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia.
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Hermann Loew
Friedrich Hermann Loew (19 July 1807 – 21 April 1879) was a German entomologist who specialised in the study of Diptera, an order of insects including flies, mosquitoes, gnats and midges.
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History of Estonia
The history of Estonia forms a part of the history of Europe.
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History of Latvia
The history of Latvia began around 9000 BC with the end of the last glacial period in northern Europe.
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History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty
The rule of the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland between 1386 and 1572 spans the late Middle Ages and early Modern Era in European history.
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History of the Gambia
The first written records of the region come from Arab traders in the 9th and 10th centuries.
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History of the Jews in Latvia
The History of the Jews in Latvia dates back to the first Jewish colony established in Piltene in 1571.
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History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)
History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764) covers a period in the history of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, from the time their joint state became the theater of wars and invasions fought on a great scale in the middle of the 17th century, to the time just before the election of Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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History of Trinidad and Tobago
The history of Trinidad and Tobago begins with the settlements of the islands by Amerindians, specifically the Island Carib and Arawak peoples.
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Homagial Crown
The Homagial Crown, also known under its Latin name as the Corona Homagialis, was a part of the Polish Crown Jewels.
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House of Romanov
The House of Romanov (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. also Romanoff; Рома́новы, Románovy) was the second dynasty to rule Russia, after the House of Rurik, reigning from 1613 until the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II on March 15, 1917, as a result of the February Revolution.
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House of Wettin
The House of Wettin is a dynasty of German counts, dukes, prince-electors and kings that once ruled territories in the present-day German states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia.
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Ilūkste
Ilūkste (Alūksta, Ilūkšta; Illuxt) is a town and a seat of Ilūkste Municipality, southeastern Latvia.
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Imperial Guard (Russia)
The Russian Imperial Guard, officially known as the Leib Guard (Лейб-гвардия leyb-gvardiya, from German Leib "Body"; cf. Life Guards / Bodyguard) were military units serving as personal guards of the Emperor of Russia.
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Ivan the Terrible
Ivan IV Vasilyevich (pron; 25 August 1530 –), commonly known as Ivan the Terrible or Ivan the Fearsome (Ivan Grozny; a better translation into modern English would be Ivan the Formidable), was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547, then Tsar of All Rus' until his death in 1584.
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Jacob Kettler
Jacob Kettler (Jakob von Kettler) (28 October 1610 – 1 January 1682) was a Baltic German Duke of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1642–1682).
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James Martin Eder
James Martin Eder (June 24, 1838 – December 26, 1921), known in Colombia as Santiago Martín Eder Kaiser, don Santiago Eder or simply "El Fundador", is considered the pioneer of the sugar industry in Colombia, and is widely recognized as one of Colombia's leading 19th century industrial pioneers.
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Jan Krzysztof Damel
Jan Krzysztof Damel, also known as Jonas Damelis and Johann Damehl in other languages (1780 – 30 August 1840) was a Polish neoclassicist artist in the age of Partitions, associated with the School of Art at Vilnius University (modern-day Lithuania).
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Jaunjelgava
Jaunjelgava (Friedrichstadt) is a town in Latvia on the left bank of the Daugava River in the historical region of Selonia, about 80 km southeast of Riga.
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Jēkabpils
Jēkabpils (Jakobstadt; Jakubów) is a city in southeastern Latvia roughly halfway between Riga and Daugavpils and spanning the Daugava River.
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Jean-Paul Kauffmann
Jean-Paul Kauffmann in October 2013. Jean-Paul Kauffmann (8 August 1944, Saint-Pierre-la-Cour, Mayenne) is a French journalist and writer, a former student of the École supérieure de journalisme de Lille (40th class).
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Jeleniów, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Jeleniów (Gellenau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lewin Kłodzki, within Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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Jelgava
Jelgava (Mitau; see also other names) is a city in central Latvia about southwest of Riga with about 63,000 inhabitants.
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Jelgava Gymnasium
Jelgava Gymnasium or Academia Petrina is the oldest higher educational establishment in Latvia.
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Jelgava massacres
The Jelgava massacres were the killing of the Jewish population of the city of Jelgava, Latvia that occurred in the second half of July or in early August 1941.
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Jelgava Palace
Jelgava Palace (Jelgavas pils) or Mitau Palace is the largest Baroque-style palace in the Baltic states.
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Jens Rostgaard
Jens Rostgaard, born 1650, died 1715, was a Danish soldier, civil servant, judge and antiquarian, known for leading the militia against the Swedish landing at Humlebæk in 1700, and for writing the history of Copenhagen.
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Johann Adam Hiller
Johann Adam Hiller (25 December 1728, Wendisch-Ossig, Saxony – 16 June 1804, Leipzig) was a German composer, conductor and writer on music, regarded as the creator of the Singspiel, an early form of German opera.
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Johann Albrecht Korff
Baron Johann Albrecht von Korff (November 30, 1697 – April 7, 1766) was a Russian diplomat, and was the president of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1734–1740).
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Johann Friedrich von Recke
Johann Friedrich von Recke (1 August 176413 September 1846) was a senior public official in the Baltic Germans Duchy of Courland.
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Johann Heinrich Baumann
Johann Heinrich Baumann (Johans Heinrihs Baumanis; 9 February 1753 – 29 July 1832) was a Baltic German artist who mainly lived and worked in what is today Latvia.
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Johann Michael Graff
Johann Michael Graff (Johans Mihaels Grafs; sometimes also Johann Michael Graaf, Johann Michael Graaff, Johann Michael Graf or Johann Michael Kraff, fl. c. 1765-68), was a German Rococo sculptor and plasterer.
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John II Casimir Vasa
John II Casimir (Jan II Kazimierz Waza; Johann II.; Jonas Kazimieras Vaza; 22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania during the era of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Duke of Opole in Upper Silesia, and titular King of Sweden 1648–1660.
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Jufureh
Jufureh, Juffureh or Juffure is a town in the Gambia, 30 kilometers inland on the north bank of the River Gambia in the North Bank Division near James Island.
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Kalnciems
Kalnciems is a village in the Jelgava municipality of Latvia.
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Kandava
Kandava (Kandau; Kāndav) is a town in Latvia.
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Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Karl August Friedrich of Waldeck and Pyrmont (24 September 1704 – 29 August 1763) was Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and Commander of the Dutch forces in the War of Austrian Succession.
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Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł (1734–1790)
Prince Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł (Караль Станіслаў Радзівіл II, Karolis Stanislovas Radvila II, Exonym: Charles Stanislaus: 27 February 1734 – 21 November 1790) was a Polish nobleman, politician, diplomat, prince of the Crown Kingdom of Poland and the Commonwealth, statesman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Voivode of Vilnius, governor of Lwów and Sejm Marshal between 1767 and 1768.
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Ketteler
Ketteler (also Kettler) is the name of a German noble family that originated in Westphalia.
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Kingdom of Livonia
The Kingdom of Livonia was a nominal state in what is now the territory of Estonia and Latvia.
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Klenica
Klenica (Kleinitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bojadła, within Zielona Góra County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland.
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Krustpils Castle
Krustpils Castle (German: Kreutzburg, Polish: Krzyżbork) is a castle in Jēkabpils, Latvia.
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Kuldīga
Kuldīga (Goldingen) is a town in western Latvia.
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Kunta Kinteh Island
Kunta Kinteh Island, formerly called James Island and St Andrew's Island, is an island in the Gambia River, 30 km from the river mouth and near Juffureh in the country of the Gambia.
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Landtag
A Landtag (State Diet) is a representative assembly (parliament) in German-speaking countries with legislative authority and competence over a federated state (Land).
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Latvia
Latvia (or; Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika), is a sovereign state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.
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Leopold Wilhelm von Dobschütz
Leopold Wilhelm von Dobschütz (1 January 1763 in Brieg, Niederschlesien – 3 February 1836 at Gut Zölling, Kreis Freystadt, prev. Kreis Sagan, Niederschlesien) was a Prussian "general of cavalry", the "hero of Dennewitz" and "liberator of Wittenberg", military governor of the Rhine province and of Breslau.
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Lielauce Manor
Lielauce Manor (Lielauces muiža, Groß-Autz) is a manor house built in late classical or Empire style in the 19th century for Count Medem on the south shore of Lielauce Lake, in the historical region of Zemgale, in Latvia.
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List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar per country
This is a list of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar per country.
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List of countries by population in 1600
This is a list of countries by population in 1600.
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List of current pretenders
A pretender is an aspirant or claimant to a monarchy that either has been abolished or suspended, or is occupied by another.
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List of divided islands
This is a list of islands whose land is divided by one or more international borders.
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List of dukes in Europe
The following is a list of historic duchies in Europe.
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List of flags of Latvia
The following is a list of flags of Latvia.
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List of former sovereign states
A historical state or historical sovereign state is a state that once existed, but has since been dissolved due to conflict, war, rebellion, annexation, or uprising.
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List of former transcontinental countries
This is a list of transcontinental former countries, i.e. countries which covered land on two or more continents, including islands associated with a continent other than the one where the country was based.
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List of governors of dependent territories in the 18th century
;Territorial governors in the 17th century – Territorial governors in the 19th century – Colonial and territorial governors by year This is a list of territorial governors in the 18th century (1701–1800) AD, such as the administrators of colonies, protectorates, or other dependencies.
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List of Latvians
This is a list of prominent Latvians with Wikipedia articles.
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List of people on the postage stamps of Latvia
This page contains a list of people depicted on postage stamps issued by Latvia, along with the dates of issue.
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List of states in the Holy Roman Empire (L)
This is a list of states in the Holy Roman Empire beginning with the letter L.
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List of wars involving Denmark
This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of Denmark.
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Livonia
Livonia (Līvõmō, Liivimaa, German and Scandinavian languages: Livland, Latvian and Livonija, Inflanty, archaic English Livland, Liwlandia; Liflyandiya) is a historical region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea.
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Livonian Order
The Livonian Order was an autonomous branch of the Teutonic Order, formed in 1237.
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Livonian War
The Livonian War (1558–1583) was fought for control of Old Livonia (in the territory of present-day Estonia and Latvia), when the Tsardom of Russia faced a varying coalition of Denmark–Norway, the Kingdom of Sweden, and the Union (later Commonwealth) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland.
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Ludwig Gruno of Hesse-Homburg
Ludwig Johann Wilhelm Gruno von Hessen-Homburg (15 January 1705 – 23 October 1745) was hereditary prince of Hesse-Homburg and an Imperial Russian field marshal.
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Manuelita
Manuelita is a Colombian agribusiness corporation, headquartered in Cali, Valle del Cauca, whose main products are refined sugar, ethanol, palm oil, biodiesel, mussels, shrimp and fruits and vegetables.
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March 28
No description.
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Margravine Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg
Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg (13 September 1617 – 28 August 1676), was a Duchess consort of Courland by marriage to Duke Jacob Kettler of Courland.
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Maria Aurora von Königsmarck
Countess Maria Aurora von Königsmarck (sv: Aurora Königsmarck) (28 August 166216 February 1728) was a Swedish and German noblewoman of Brandenburg extraction and mistress of Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland.
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Maurice de Saxe
Maurice, Count of Saxony (Hermann Moritz Graf von Sachsen, Maurice de Saxe; 28 October 1696 – 20 November 1750) was a German soldier and officer of the Army of the Holy Roman Empire, the Imperial Army, and at last in French service who became a Marshal and later also Marshal General of France.
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Mežotne Palace
Mežotne Palace (Mežotnes pils, Schloss Mesothen) is a manor house located in Mežotne municipality in Bauska district, in the Semigallia region of Latvia.
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Miķeļi
Miķeļi or Miķeļdiena is a Latvian autumn equinox and annual harvest festival and market.
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Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
Prince Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly (–) was a Russian Field Marshal and Minister of War during Napoleon's invasion in 1812 and War of the Sixth Coalition.
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Monarchies in the Americas
There are 13 monarchies in the Americas (self-governing states and territories that have a monarch as head of state).
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Ostsiedlung
Ostsiedlung (literally east settling), in English called the German eastward expansion, was the medieval eastward migration and settlement of Germanic-speaking peoples from the Holy Roman Empire, especially its southern and western portions, into less-populated regions of Central Europe, parts of west Eastern Europe, and the Baltics.
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Otyń
Otyń (Deutsch-Wartenberg.) is a town in Nowa Sól County, Poland.
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Ozolnieki Municipality
Ozolnieki Municipality (Ozolnieku novads) is a municipality in Zemgale, Latvia.
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Pacification Sejm (1736)
The Pacification Sejm was a session of the Sejm in 1736 that concluded the War of the Polish Succession in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that erupted after the death of Augustus II the Strong in February 1733.
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Partition Sejm
The Partition Sejm (Sejm Rozbiorowy) was a Sejm lasting from 1773 to 1775 in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, convened by its three neighbours (the Russian Empire, Prussia and Austria) in order to legalize their First Partition of Poland.
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Pāvilosta
Pāvilosta (Paulshafen) is a small port town in Latvia located at the mouth of Saka river in Courland.
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Peter von Bilderling
Baron Peter von Bilderling (born in St Peterburg May 26, 1844 – died in Zapolie September 25, 1900), was an engineer and an officer in the Engineering Corps of the Imperial Russian Army.
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Peter von Biron
Peter von Biron (15 February 1724 – 13 January 1800) was the last Duke of Courland and Semigallia, from 1769 to 1795.
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Piotr Pac
Piotr Pac (Petras Pacas) (after 1570–1642) was a Polish-Lithuanian noble, Lithuanian Court Chorąży from 1613, Lithuanian Court Treasurer from 1635, Voivode of Trakai (1640–1642).
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Platon Zubov
Prince (Reichsfürst) Platon Alexandrovich Zubov (Платон Александрович Зубов) was the last of Catherine the Great's favourites and the most powerful man in the Russian Empire during the last years of her reign.
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Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after 1791 the Commonwealth of Poland, was a dualistic state, a bi-confederation of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch, who was both the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania.
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Polish–Swedish War (1617–18)
The Polish–Swedish War (1617–18) was a phase of the longer Polish–Swedish War (1600–29).
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Polish–Swedish War (1621–25)
The Polish–Swedish War (1621–26) was another war in the series of conflicts between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Swedish Empire (see Polish–Swedish wars).
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Postage stamps and postal history of Latvia
Postal history in the territory that now constitutes Latvia began during the 13th century, when the Archbishopric of Riga was included to the area of postal operations of the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights and the Hanseatic League.
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Princely houses of Poland and Lithuania
The princely houses of Poland differed from other princely houses in Europe.
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Princess Dorothea of Courland
Dorothea von Biron, Princess of Courland, Duchess of Dino, Talleyrand, and Sagan, known as Dorothée de Courlande or Dorothée de Dino (21 August 1793 – 19 September 1862), was a Baltic German noblewoman.
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Princess Herzeleide of Prussia
Princess Herzeleide-Ina-Marie Sophie Charlotte Else of Prussia (25 December 1918 – 22 March 1989) was a member of the deposed House of Hohenzollern.
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Princess Pauline, Duchess of Sagan
Luise Pauline Maria Biron, Princess of Courland, Duchess of Sagan (19 February 1782 – 8 January 1845) was a Princess of Courland by birth and through her marriage to Friedrich Hermann Otto, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen, Pauline was Princess consort of Hohenzollern-Hechingen.
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Princess Wilhelmine, Duchess of Sagan
Katharina Friederike Wilhelmine Benigna, Princess of Courland, Duchess of Sagan (born 8 February 1781 in Mitau, Duchy of Courland and Semigallia; died 29 November 1839 in Vienna, Austrian Empire) was a German noble from the ruling family of Courland and Semigallia (today part of Latvia) and a sovereign Duchess of Sagan.
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Pyotr Bestuzhev-Ryumin
Count Pyotr Mikhailovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin (1664–1742) was a Russian statesman who effectively governed the Duchy of Courland in the name of Anna Ivanovna between 1712 and 1728.
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Racism in Poland
Racism in Poland is present even though a race-based worldview has had little chance to develop.
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Robert Douglas, Count of Skenninge
Robert Douglas (17 March 1611 in Standingstone Estate, by Traprain Law, East Lothian - Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon at Project Runeberg – 28 May 1662 in Stockholm), Count of Skenninge, Baron of Skalby, was a Scottish cavalry general during the Thirty Years' War rising to the rank of Field Marshal (1657–1662) in the Swedish-Polish wars that followed.
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Rundāle Palace
Rundāle Palace (Rundāles pils; Schloss Ruhental, formerly Ruhenthal or Ruhendahl) is one of the two major baroque palaces built for the Dukes of Courland in what is now Latvia, the other being Jelgava Palace.
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Russians in Latvia
Russians have been the largest ethnic minority in Latvia for the last two centuries.
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Rutger von Ascheberg
Count Rutger von Ascheberg (2 June 1621 – 17 April 1693) was a soldier, officer and civil servant in Swedish service, being appointed Lieutenant General in 1670, General in 1674, Field Marshal in 1678, Governor General of the Scanian provinces, in 1680, and Royal Councilor in 1681.
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Schoeppingk
Schoeppingk (Baron op dem Hamme, genannt von Schoeppingk) is a Baltic German noble family.
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Secularization
Secularization (or secularisation) is the transformation of a society from close identification and affiliation with religious values and institutions toward nonreligious values and secular institutions.
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Semigallia
Semigallia, also spelled Semigalia, (Zemgale; Semgallen; Žiemgala; Semigalia; Zemgāl) is a historical region of Latvia, sometimes also including a part of Lithuania.
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Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763.
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Severin Jensen
Severin Jensen (1723 – after 1809) was a Danish architect who worked mainly in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia.
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Suo jure
Suo jure is a Latin phrase, used in English to mean "in his/her own right".
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Talsi
Talsi (Tālsa, Talsen) (population 11,371) is a town in Latvia.
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Terra Mariana
Terra Mariana (Medieval Latin for "Land of Mary") was the official name for Medieval Livonia or Old Livonia (Alt-Livland, Vana-Liivimaa, Livonija), which was formed in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade in the territories comprising present day Estonia and Latvia.
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Teutonic Order
The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem (official names: Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum, Orden der Brüder vom Deutschen Haus der Heiligen Maria in Jerusalem), commonly the Teutonic Order (Deutscher Orden, Deutschherrenorden or Deutschritterorden), is a Catholic religious order founded as a military order c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem.
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The Gambia
No description.
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The Glory of Kings
The Glory of Kings (also known as La Gloire Du Roi)Title taken from Vauban’s book, De la Gloire du Roi au Service de l'Etat is an award-winning play-by-mail game recreation of the real world of the 18th century, run by Agema Publications.
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Third Silesian War
The Third Silesian War was a theatre of the Seven Years' War.
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Timeline of sovereign states in Europe
This timeline lists sovereign states in Europe, both current and defunct, since the 11th century.
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Tobago
Tobago is an autonomous island within the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.
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Treaty of Mozhaysk
The Treaty of Mozhaysk (also Moshaisk or other transliterations of Можайск) was a Danish-Russian treaty concluded on 7 August 1562, during the Livonian War.
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Treaty of Vilnius (1561)
The Treaty of Vilnius or Vilna was concluded on 28 November 1561, during the Livonian War, between the Livonian Confederation and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at Vilnius (Vilna, Wilna, Wilno).
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Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago, officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is a twin island sovereign state that is the southernmost nation of the West Indies in the Caribbean.
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Truce of Mitawa
The Truce of Mitawa or Truce of Mitau, signed in November 1622 in Jelgava (Mitawa, Mitau), ended the Polish–Swedish War (1620–1622).
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Tsarevna Catherine Ivanovna of Russia
Tsarevna Catherine Ivanovna of Russia (20 October 1691 – 14 June 1733) was a daughter of Tsar Ivan V and Praskovia Saltykova, eldest sister of Empress Anna of Russia and niece of Peter the Great.
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Tukums
Tukums (Tuckum; Tukāmō) is a town in Latvia.
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Turks in Germany
Turks in Germany, also referred to as German Turks and Turkish Germans, (Türken in Deutschland or Deutsch-Türken; Almanya'da yaşayan Türkler or Almanya Türkleri) refers to ethnic Turkish people living in Germany.
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Tyzenhaus
Tyzenhaus was a noble family of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth of German extraction.
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Ventspils
Ventspils (see other names) is a town in northwestern Latvia in the historical Courland region of Latvia, and is the sixth largest city in the country.
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Ventspils Castle
Ventspils Castle (Windau) is located in Ventspils, Latvia.
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Vidzeme
Vidzeme (Vidžemė, Vidūmō) is one of the historical and cultural regions of Latvia.
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Voivodeships of Poland
A województwo (plural: województwa) is the highest-level administrative subdivision of Poland, corresponding to a "province" in many other countries.
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Von Vladimiroff
The von Vladimiroff (Russian: Владимиров) family are a cadet branch of the von Biron family, the last rulers of the Duchy of Courland and Semigalia (German: Kurland, Latvian: Kurzeme).
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War of the Polish Succession
The War of the Polish Succession (1733–35) was a major European war sparked by a Polish civil war over the succession to Augustus II, which the other European powers widened in pursuit of their own national interests.
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Wilhelm Kettler
Wilhelm Kettler (20 June 1574 – 7 April 1640) was the Duke of Courland, a region of Latvia.
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Zaļenieki Manor
Zaļenieki Manor, also called Zaļā Manor because of the German word Grünhof, is a manor house in the historical region of Zemgale, in Latvia.
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1650
No description.
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1655
No description.
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1698
The first year of the ascending Dvapara Yuga.
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1737
No description.
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Redirects here:
Courland and Semigallia, Ducatus Curlandiae et Semigalliae, Ducatus Curlandiæ et Semigalliæ, Duchy of Courland, Duchy of Courland and Semigalia, Duchy of Kurland, Duchy of courland, Duchy of courland and semigallia, Duke of Courland, Duke of Courland and Semigallia, Duke of Kurland, Dukes of Courland, Herzogtum Kurland und Semgallen, Ksiestwo Kurlandii i Semigalii, Księstwo Kurlandii i Semigalii, Kurzemes un Zemgales hercogiste.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia