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Erich Ludendorff

Index Erich Ludendorff

Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff (9 April 1865 – 20 December 1937) was a German general, the victor of the Battle of Liège and the Battle of Tannenberg. [1]

395 relations: Abdication of Wilhelm II, Action of 22 October 1917, Actions of 30 September – 4 October 1917, ADFGVX cipher, Adolf Bartels, Adolf Hitler, Adolf Hitler's rise to power, Alban Schachleiter, Albert Forster, Albrecht von Graefe (politician), Albrecht von Thaer, Aleksei Brusilov, Alexander Rud Mills, Alexander Samsonov, Alfred Hugenberg, Alfred von Schlieffen, Alfred von Tirpitz, American entry into World War I, Andreas Hillgruber, April 1924, April 1935, April 9, Archduke Wilhelm of Austria, Ariosophy, Armistice of 11 November 1918, Arnold Zweig, Aufbau Vereinigung, August 1914, August 1916, August 1918, August 1924, Axis powers, Bad Kreuznach, Battle of Amiens (1918), Battle of Arras (1917), Battle of Łódź (1914), Battle of Broodseinde, Battle of Bucharest, Battle of Caporetto, Battle of Château-Thierry (1918), Battle of Courtrai (1918), Battle of Flers–Courcelette, Battle of Guillemont, Battle of Gumbinnen, Battle of La Malmaison, Battle of Langemarck (1917), Battle of Le Transloy, Battle of Liège, Battle of Moreuil Wood, Battle of Morval, ..., Battle of Nazareth, Battle of Passchendaele, Battle of Pilckem Ridge, Battle of Poelcappelle, Battle of Polygon Wood, Battle of Remagen, Battle of Samakh, Battle of Sharon, Battle of Soissons (1918), Battle of Tannenberg, Battle of the Ancre Heights, Battle of the Avre, Battle of the Hills, Battle of the Lys (1918), Battle of the Menin Road Ridge, Battle of the Selle, Battle of the Vistula River, Battle of Verdun, Battle of Vittorio Veneto, Beer Hall Putsch, Big lie, Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890, Blood Order, Boris III of Bulgaria, British Army during World War I, British propaganda during World War I, Canada's Hundred Days, Canadian Corps, Capture of Combles, Capture of Eaucourt l'Abbaye, Capture of Gueudecourt, Capture of Jenin, Capture of Jericho, Capture of Le Sars, Capture of Lesbœufs, Capture of Martinpuich, Capture of Schwaben Redoubt, Capture of Stuff Redoubt, Capture of Tiberias (1918), Capture of Westhoek, Capture of Wurst Farm, Carl Friedrich Goerdeler, Centre Party (Germany), Château de Coucy, Collapse of the Imperial German Army, Correlli Barnett, Courland, Cross for Merit in War, Curtain forces, Danny Huston, DC Extended Universe, Death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, December 1916, December 1937, December 20, Denise Drace-Brownell, Deuxième Bureau, Diplomatic history of World War I, Doctor Poison, Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig, Eastern Front (World War I), Ebert–Groener pact, Eduard Haber, Edvard Hjelt, Eingreif division, Elastolin, Elektron (alloy), Elof Eriksson, Enguerrand VII, Lord of Coucy, Erich von Falkenhayn, Ernst Röhm, Ernst von Hoeppner, European theatre of World War I, Ezriel Carlebach, Fall of Eagles, Fascism, Fascism and ideology, February 1924, Felix Somary, Fifth Battle of Ypres, Finnish Civil War, First Battle of Passchendaele, First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux, Francs-tireurs, Franz Halder, Frederick Barton Maurice, Freemasonry in Germany, Freikorps, Friedrich Ebert, Friedrich von Thun, Friedrich Weber (veterinarian), Fritz Grobba, Fritz Klimsch, Fritz T. 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Abdication of Wilhelm II

Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated as German Emperor and King of Prussia in November 1918.

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Action of 22 October 1917

The Action of 22 October 1917 was an attack during the Third Battle of Ypres in the First World War by the British Fifth Army and the French First Army against the German 4th Army.

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Actions of 30 September – 4 October 1917

The Actions 30 September – 4 October 1917 were German methodical counter-attacks (''Gegenangriffe'') made during the Third Battle of Ypres in Flanders, during the First World War.

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ADFGVX cipher

In cryptography, the ADFGVX cipher was a field cipher used by the German Army on the Western Front during World War I. ADFGVX was in fact an extension of an earlier cipher called ADFGX.

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Adolf Bartels

Adolf Bartels (15 November 1862 – 7 March 1945) was a German journalist and poet.

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Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.

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Adolf Hitler's rise to power

Adolf Hitler's rise to power began in Germany in September 1919 when Hitler joined the political party known as the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei – DAP (German Workers' Party).

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Alban Schachleiter

Alban Schachleiter (20 January 1861 – 20 June 1937) was a Roman Catholic Benedictine monk and musicologist.

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Albert Forster

Albert Maria Forster (26 July 1902 – 28 February 1952) was a Nazi German politician and war criminal.

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Albrecht von Graefe (politician)

Albrecht von Gräfe, often Anglicized as Graefe (1 January 1868 – 18 April 1933), was a German landowner and right-wing politician active both during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic.

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Albrecht von Thaer

Albrecht von Thaer (2 June 1868 - 23 June 1957) was a German General Staff Officer and authorised representative (''"Generalbevollmächtigter"'') of the last King of Saxony.

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Aleksei Brusilov

Aleksei Alekseevich Brusilov (Алексе́й Алексе́евич Бруси́лов; – 17 March 1926) was a Russian general most noted for the development of new offensive tactics used in the 1916 Brusilov Offensive, which was his greatest achievement.

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Alexander Rud Mills

Alexander Rud Mills (1885 – 8 April 1964) was a prominent Australian Odinist, and one of the earliest proponents of the rebirth of Germanic Neopaganism in the 20th century.

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Alexander Samsonov

Aleksandr Vasilyevich Samsonov (Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Самсо́нов) was a career officer in the cavalry of the Imperial Russian Army and a general during the Russo-Japanese War and World War I.

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Alfred Hugenberg

Alfred Ernst Christian Alexander Hugenberg (19 June 1865 – 12 March 1951) was an influential German businessman and politician.

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Alfred von Schlieffen

Alfred Graf von Schlieffen, generally called Count Schlieffen (28 February 1833 – 4 January 1913) was a German field marshal and strategist who served as chief of the Imperial German General Staff from 1891 to 1906.

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Alfred von Tirpitz

Alfred Peter Friedrich von Tirpitz (19 March 1849 – 6 March 1930) was a German Grand Admiral, Secretary of State of the German Imperial Naval Office, the powerful administrative branch of the German Imperial Navy from 1897 until 1916.

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American entry into World War I

The American entry into World War I came in April 1917, after more than two and a half years of efforts by President Woodrow Wilson to keep the United States out of the war.

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Andreas Hillgruber

Andreas Fritz Hillgruber (18 January 1925 – 8 May 1989) was a conservative German historian.

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April 1924

The following events occurred in April 1924.

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April 1935

The following events occurred in April 1935.

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April 9

No description.

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Archduke Wilhelm of Austria

Archduke Wilhelm Franz of Austria, later Wilhelm Franz von Habsburg-Lothringen (10 February 1895 – 18 August 1948), also known as Basil the Embroidered (Vasyl Vyshyvani), was an Austrian archduke, a colonel of the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, and a poet.

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Ariosophy

Armanism and Ariosophy are the names of ideological systems of an esoteric nature, pioneered by Guido von List and Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels respectively, in Austria between 1890 and 1930.

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Armistice of 11 November 1918

The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the armistice that ended fighting on land, sea and air in World War I between the Allies and their last opponent, Germany.

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Arnold Zweig

Arnold Zweig (10 November 1887 – 26 November 1968) was a German writer and anti-war and antifascist activist.

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Aufbau Vereinigung

The Aufbau Vereinigung (Reconstruction Organisation) was a Munich-based counterrevolutionary conspiratorial group formed in the aftermath of the German occupation of the Ukraine in 1918 and of the Latvian Intervention of 1919.

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August 1914

The following events occurred in August 1914.

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August 1916

The following events occurred in August 1916.

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August 1918

The following events occurred in August 1918.

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August 1924

The following events occurred in August 1924.

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Axis powers

The Axis powers (Achsenmächte; Potenze dell'Asse; 枢軸国 Sūjikukoku), also known as the Axis and the Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allied forces.

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Bad Kreuznach

Bad Kreuznach is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Battle of Amiens (1918)

The Battle of Amiens, also known as the Third Battle of Picardy (3ème Bataille de Picardie), was the opening phase of the Allied offensive which began on 8 August 1918, later known as the Hundred Days Offensive, that ultimately led to the end of the First World War.

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Battle of Arras (1917)

The Battle of Arras (also known as the Second Battle of Arras) was a British offensive on the Western Front during World War I. From 9 April to 16 May 1917, British troops attacked German defences near the French city of Arras on the Western Front.

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Battle of Łódź (1914)

The Battle of Łódź took place from November 11 to December 6, 1914, near the city of Łódź in Poland.

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Battle of Broodseinde

The Battle of Broodseinde was fought on 4 October 1917 near Ypres in Belgium, at the east end of the Gheluvelt plateau, by the British Second and Fifth armies and the German 4th Army.

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Battle of Bucharest

The Battle of Bucharest, also known as the Argeş-Neajlov Defensive Operation in Romania, was an important battle of the Romanian Campaign in World War I, in which the Central Powers occupied the Romanian capital and forced the Romanian Government, as well as the remnants of the Romanian Army to retreat to Moldavia and re-establish its capital at Iaşi.

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Battle of Caporetto

The Battle of Caporetto (also known as the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo, the Battle of Kobarid or the Battle of Karfreit as it was known by the Central Powers) was a battle on the Austro-Italian front of World War I. The battle was fought between the Entente and the Central Powers and took place from 24 October to 19 November 1917, near the town of Kobarid (now in north-western Slovenia, then part of the Austrian Littoral).

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Battle of Château-Thierry (1918)

The Battle of Château-Thierry was fought on July 18, 1918 and was one of the first actions of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) under General John J. "Black Jack" Pershing.

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Battle of Courtrai (1918)

The Battle of Courtrai (also known as the Second Battle of Belgium (2ème Bataille de Belgique) and the Battle of Roulers (Bataille de Roulers)) was one of a series of offensives in northern France and southern Belgium that took place in late September and October 1918.

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Battle of Flers–Courcelette

The Battle of Flers–Courcelette was fought during the Battle of the Somme in France, by the French Sixth Army and the British Fourth Army and Reserve Army, against the German 1st Army, during the First World War.

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Battle of Guillemont

The Battle of Guillemont (3–6 September 1916) was an attack by the Fourth Army on the village of Guillemont.

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Battle of Gumbinnen

The Battle of Gumbinnen, initiated by forces of the German Empire on 20 August 1914, was a German offensive on the Eastern Front during the First World War.

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Battle of La Malmaison

The Battle of La Malmaison (Bataille de la Malmaison) from 23 to 27 October, was the final French action of the 1917 campaign in the First World War, which had begun with the Nivelle Offensive.

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Battle of Langemarck (1917)

The Battle of Langemarck (16–18 August 1917) was the second Anglo-French general attack of the Third Battle of Ypres, during the First World War.

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Battle of Le Transloy

The Battle of Le Transloy was the last offensive of the Fourth Army of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in the 1916 Battle of the Somme in France, during the First World War.

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Battle of Liège

The Battle of Liège (Bataille de Liège) was the opening engagement of the German invasion of Belgium and the first battle of the First World War.

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Battle of Moreuil Wood

The Battle of Moreuil Wood (30 March 1918) was an engagement of World War I that took place on the banks of the Arve River in France, where the Canadian Cavalry Brigade attacked and forced the German 23rd Saxon Division to withdraw from Moreuil Wood, a commanding position on the river bank.

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Battle of Morval

The Battle of Morval, 25–28 September 1916, was an attack during the Battle of the Somme by the British Fourth Army on the villages of Morval, Gueudecourt and Lesbœufs held by the German 1st Army, which had been the final objectives of the Battle of Flers–Courcelette (15–22 September).

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Battle of Nazareth

The Battle of Nazareth began on 20 September 1918, during the Battle of Sharon, which together with the Battle of Nablus formed the set piece Battle of Megiddo fought during the last months of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War.

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Battle of Passchendaele

The Battle of Passchendaele (Flandernschlacht, Deuxième Bataille des Flandres), also known as the Third Battle of Ypres, was a campaign of the First World War, fought by the Allies against the German Empire.

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Battle of Pilckem Ridge

The Battle of Pilckem Ridge (31 July – 2 August 1917) was the opening attack of the Third Battle of Ypres in the First World War.

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Battle of Poelcappelle

The Battle of Poelcappelle was fought in Flanders, Belgium, on 9 October 1917 by the British and German armies, during the First World War and marked the end of the string of highly successful British attacks in late September and early October, during the Third Battle of Ypres.

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Battle of Polygon Wood

The Battle of Polygon Wood took place during the second phase of the Third Battle of Ypres in World War I and was fought near Ypres in Belgium, in the area from the Menin road to Polygon Wood and thence north, to the area beyond St Julien.

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Battle of Remagen

The Battle of Remagen during the Allied invasion of Germany resulted in the unexpected capture of the Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine and likely shortened World War II in Europe.

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Battle of Samakh

The Battle of Samakh was fought on 25 September 1918, during the Battle of Sharon which together with the Battle of Nablus formed the set piece Battle of Megiddo fought from 19 to 25 September 1918, in the last months of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War.

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Battle of Sharon

The Battle of Sharon fought between 19 and 25 September 1918, began the set piece Battle of Megiddo half a day before the Battle of Nablus, in which large formations engaged and responded to movements by the opposition, according to pre-existing plans, in the last months of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I. The fighting took place over a wide area from the Mediterranean Sea east to the Rafat salient in the Judean Hills.

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Battle of Soissons (1918)

The Battle of Soissons (also known as the Battle of the Soissonnais and of the Ourcq (Bataille du Soissonnais et de L'Ourcq) was a battle during World War I, waged from 18 to 22 July 1918, between the French (with American and British assistance) and German armies. Ferdinand Foch, the Allied Supreme Commander, launched the offensive on 18 July; 24 French divisions and 2 British and 2 U.S. divisions under French command, supported by approximately 478 tanks, sought to eliminate the salient that was aimed at Paris. The Allies suffered 107,000 casualties (95,000 French and 12,000 American), while the Germans suffered 168,000 casualties. The battle ended with the French recapturing most of the ground lost to the German Spring Offensive in May 1918. Adolf Hitler, the future Führer of Nazi Germany, earned and was awarded the Iron Cross First Class at Soissons on August 4th 1918.

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Battle of Tannenberg

The Battle of Tannenberg was fought between Russia and Germany between the 26th and 30th of August 1914, the first month of World War I. The battle resulted in the almost complete destruction of the Russian Second Army and the suicide of its commanding general, Alexander Samsonov.

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Battle of the Ancre Heights

The Battle of the Ancre Heights (1 October – 11 November 1916), is the name given to the continuation of British attacks after the Battle of Thiepval Ridge from during the Battle of the Somme.

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Battle of the Avre

The Battle of the Avre (4–5 April 1918), part of the First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux, constituted the final German attack towards Amiens in World War I. It was the point at which the Germans got the closest to Amiens.

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Battle of the Hills

The Battle of the Hills (Bataille des Monts) also known as the Battle of the Hills of Champagne and the Third Battle of Champagne, was a battle of the First World War that was fought from April–May 1917.

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Battle of the Lys (1918)

The Battle of the Lys, also known as the Lys Offensive, the Fourth Battle of Ypres, the Fourth Battle of Flanders and Operation Georgette (Batalha de La Lys and 3ème Bataille des Flandres), was part of the 1918 German offensive in Flanders during World War I, also known as the Spring Offensive.

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Battle of the Menin Road Ridge

The Battle of the Menin Road Ridge, sometimes called "Battle of the Menin Road", was the third British general attack of the Third Battle of Ypres in the First World War.

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Battle of the Selle

The Battle of the Selle (17–25 October 1918) was a battle between Allied forces and the German Army, fought during the Hundred Days Offensive of World War I.

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Battle of the Vistula River

The Battle of the Vistula River, also known as the Battle of Warsaw, was a Russian victory against the German Empire and Austria-Hungary on the Eastern Front during the First World War.

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Battle of Verdun

The Battle of Verdun (Bataille de Verdun,, Schlacht um Verdun), fought from 21 February to 18 December 1916, was the largest and longest battle of the First World War on the Western Front between the German and French armies.

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Battle of Vittorio Veneto

The Battle of Vittorio Veneto was fought from 24 October to 3 November 1918 near Vittorio Veneto on the Italian Front during World War I. The Italian victory marked the end of the war on the Italian Front, secured the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and contributed to the end of the First World War just one week later.

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Beer Hall Putsch

The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch,Dan Moorhouse, ed.

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Big lie

A big lie (große Lüge) is a propaganda technique.

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Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890

The Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 is a reference book by Philip Rees, on leading people in the various far right movements since 1890.

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Blood Order

The Blood Order (Blutorden), officially known as the Decoration in Memory (of the Munich putsch) of 9 November 1923 (Medaille zur Erinnerung an den 9.), was one of the most prestigious decorations in the Nazi Party.

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Boris III of Bulgaria

Boris III (Борѝс III; 28 August 1943), originally Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xaver (Boris Clement Robert Mary Pius Louis Stanislaus Xavier), was Tsar of Bulgaria from 1918 until his death.

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British Army during World War I

The British Army during World War I fought the largest and most costly war in its long history.

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British propaganda during World War I

In World War I, British propaganda took various forms, including pictures, literature and film.

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Canada's Hundred Days

Canada’s Hundred Days is the name given to the series of attacks made by the Canadian Corps between 8 August and 11 November 1918, during the Hundred Days Offensive of World War I. Reference to this period as Canada's Hundred Days is due to the substantial role the Canadian Corps of the British First Army played during the offensive.

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Canadian Corps

The Canadian Corps was a World War I corps formed from the Canadian Expeditionary Force in September 1915 after the arrival of the 2nd Canadian Division in France.

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Capture of Combles

Combles lies north-east of Amiens and east of Albert, on the D 20 Rancourt–Guillemont road, south of Bapaume, in the Combles valley a hollow between outcrops of Bazentin Ridge, between Morval to the north, Ginchy to the north-west and Falfemont Farm to the west.

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Capture of Eaucourt l'Abbaye

Warlencourt-Eaucourt is about south of Arras, at the junction of the D 929 and the D 10E roads.

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Capture of Gueudecourt

Gueudecourt village lies on the Le Sars–Le Transloy road, north-east of Flers and north-west of Lesbœufs.

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Capture of Jenin

The Capture of Jenin occurred on 20 September 1918, during the Battle of Sharon which together with the Battle of Nablus formed the set piece Battle of Megiddo fought between 19 and 25 September during the last months of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War.

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Capture of Jericho

The Capture of Jericho occurred between 19 and 21 February 1918 to the east of Jerusalem beginning the Occupation of the Jordan Valley during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War.

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Capture of Le Sars

Le Sars is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France.

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Capture of Lesbœufs

Lesbœufs is a village on the D 74 between Gueudecourt and Morval, about north-east of Amiens; Le Transloy lies to the north-west and Bapaume is to the north.

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Capture of Martinpuich

Martinpuich is situated south of Arras, near the junction of the D 929 and D 6 roads, opposite Courcelette.

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Capture of Schwaben Redoubt

The Capture of Schwaben Redoubt (Schwaben-Feste) was a tactical incident in the Battle of the Somme, 1916.

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Capture of Stuff Redoubt

The Capture of Stuff Redoubt (Feste Staufen) was a tactical incident in France, during the Battle of the Somme in 1916.

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Capture of Tiberias (1918)

The Capture of Tiberias took place on 25 September 1918 during the Battle of Sharon which together with the Battle of Nablus formed the set piece Battle of Megiddo fought between 19 and 25 September in the last months of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War.

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Capture of Westhoek

The Capture of Westhoek (10 August 1917) took place on the Gheluvelt Plateau near Ypres in Belgium, during the Third Battle of Ypres (31 July – 10 November 1917), in the First World War.

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Capture of Wurst Farm

The Capture of Wurst Farm was an attack by the British 58th (2/1st London) Division (58th Division) against the German 36th Division on 20 September 1917, near Ypres, Belgium, during the Battle of the Menin Road Ridge, part of the Third Battle of Ypres (Battle of Passchendaele).

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Carl Friedrich Goerdeler

Carl Friedrich Goerdeler (31 July 1884 – 2 February 1945) was a monarchist conservative German politician, executive, economist, civil servant, and opponent of the Nazi regime.

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Centre Party (Germany)

The German Centre Party (Deutsche Zentrumspartei or just Zentrum) is a lay Catholic political party in Germany, primarily influential during the Kaiserreich and the Weimar Republic.

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Château de Coucy

The Château de Coucy is a French castle in the commune of Coucy-le-Château-Auffrique, in Picardy, built in the 13th century and renovated by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc in the 19th century.

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Collapse of the Imperial German Army

The Collapse of the Imperial German Army occurred in the latter half of 1918 and led to the German Revolution of 1918, the Armistice and the eventual end of the war following the signing of the Treaty of Versailles.

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Correlli Barnett

Correlli Douglas Barnett CBE FRHistS FRSL FRSA (born 28 June 1927) is an English military historian, who has also written works of economic history, particularly on the United Kingdom's post-war "industrial decline".

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Courland

Courland, or Kurzeme (in Latvian; Kurāmō; German and Kurland; Curonia/Couronia; Курляндия; Kuršas; Kurlandia), is one of the historical and cultural regions in western Latvia.

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Cross for Merit in War

The Cross for Merit in War (Kreuz für Verdienste im Kriege) was a military decoration of the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen established by Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen on 7 March 1915.

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Curtain forces

Curtain forces (Отряды завесы, войска завесы, завеса) were military forces created soon after signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk by Soviet Russia in 1918 to withstand the inner regions of the state and initially served as border troops.

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Danny Huston

Daniel Sallis Huston (born May 14, 1962) is an American actor, writer, and director.

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DC Extended Universe

The DC Extended Universe (DCEU) is an unofficial term used to refer to an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures and based on characters that appear in American comic books by DC Comics.

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Death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

The composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died on 5 December 1791 at the age of 35.

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December 1916

The following events occurred in December 1916.

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December 1937

The following events occurred in December 1937.

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December 20

No description.

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Denise Drace-Brownell

Denise Drace-Brownell is an American businessperson and author.

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Deuxième Bureau

The Deuxième Bureau de l'État-major général ("Second Bureau of the General Staff") was France's external military intelligence agency from 1871 to 1940.

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Diplomatic history of World War I

The Diplomatic history of World War I covers the non-military interactions among the major players during World War I. For the domestic histories see Home front during World War I. For a longer-term perspective see International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919) and Causes of World War I. For the following era see International relations (1919–1939).

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Doctor Poison

Doctor Poison is the name of two fictional characters, supervillains who appear in DC Comics publications and related media.

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Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig

Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig, (19 June 1861 – 29 January 1928), was a senior officer of the British Army.

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Eastern Front (World War I)

The Eastern Front or Eastern Theater of World War I (Восточный фронт, Vostochnıy front, sometimes called the Second Fatherland War or Second Patriotic War (Вторая Отечественная война, Vtoraya Otechestvennaya voyna) in Russian sources) was a theatre of operations that encompassed at its greatest extent the entire frontier between the Russian Empire and Romania on one side and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and the German Empire on the other. It stretched from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south, included most of Eastern Europe and stretched deep into Central Europe as well. The term contrasts with "Western Front", which was being fought in Belgium and France. During 1910, Russian General Yuri Danilov developed "Plan 19" under which four armies would invade East Prussia. This plan was criticised as Austria-Hungary could be a greater threat than the German Empire. So instead of four armies invading East Prussia, the Russians planned to send two armies to East Prussia, and two Armies to defend against Austro-Hungarian forces invading from Galicia. In the opening months of the war, the Imperial Russian Army attempted an invasion of eastern Prussia in the northwestern theater, only to be beaten back by the Germans after some initial success. At the same time, in the south, they successfully invaded Galicia, defeating the Austro-Hungarian forces there. In Russian Poland, the Germans failed to take Warsaw. But by 1915, the German and Austro-Hungarian armies were on the advance, dealing the Russians heavy casualties in Galicia and in Poland, forcing it to retreat. Grand Duke Nicholas was sacked from his position as the commander-in-chief and replaced by the Tsar himself. Several offensives against the Germans in 1916 failed, including Lake Naroch Offensive and the Baranovichi Offensive. However, General Aleksei Brusilov oversaw a highly successful operation against Austria-Hungary that became known as the Brusilov Offensive, which saw the Russian Army make large gains. The Kingdom of Romania entered the war in August 1916. The Entente promised the region of Transylvania (which was part of Austria-Hungary) in return for Romanian support. The Romanian Army invaded Transylvania and had initial successes, but was forced to stop and was pushed back by the Germans and Austro-Hungarians when Bulgaria attacked them in the south. Meanwhile, a revolution occurred in Russia in February 1917 (one of the several causes being the hardships of the war). Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate and a Russian Provisional Government was founded, with Georgy Lvov as its first leader, who was eventually replaced by Alexander Kerensky. The newly formed Russian Republic continued to fight the war alongside Romania and the rest of the Entente until it was overthrown by the Bolsheviks in October 1917. Kerensky oversaw the July Offensive, which was largely a failure and caused a collapse in the Russian Army. The new government established by the Bolsheviks signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers, taking it out of the war and making large territorial concessions. Romania was also forced to surrender and signed a similar treaty, though both of the treaties were nullified with the surrender of the Central Powers in November 1918.

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Ebert–Groener pact

The Ebert–Groener pact, sometimes called the Ebert-Groener deal, was an agreement between the Social Democrat Friedrich Ebert, at the time the head of government of Germany, and Wilhelm Groener, Quartermaster General of the German Army, on November 10, 1918.

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Eduard Haber

Johann Karl Emil Eduard Haber (1 October 1866 – 14 January 1947) was a German mining engineer, civil servant and diplomat, who served as the last Governor of German New Guinea.

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Edvard Hjelt

Edvard Hjelt (28 June 1855 – 2 July 1921) was a Finnish chemist, politician and a member of the Senate of Finland.

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Eingreif division

Eingreif division is a term for a type of German Army formation of World War I, which developed in 1917, which was responsible for engaging in immediate counter-attacks (''Gegenstoße'') against enemy troops who broke through a defensive position being held by a front-holding division (Stellungsdivision).

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Elastolin

Elastolin is a trademark used by the German company O&M Hausser (O&M Haußer) for the toy soldiers and other types of figures it manufactured from composite material and later from plastic.

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Elektron (alloy)

Elektron is the registered trademark of a wide range of magnesium alloys manufactured by a British company Magnesium Elektron Limited.

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Elof Eriksson

Elof Eriksson (1883–1965) was a Swedish anti-Semitic political writer.

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Enguerrand VII, Lord of Coucy

Enguerrand VII de Coucy, KG (1340, Picardy - 18 February 1397, in captivity at Bursa), also known as Ingelram de Coucy, was a 14th-century French nobleman, the last Lord of Coucy, and the son-in-law of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault.

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Erich von Falkenhayn

General Erich Georg Anton von Falkenhayn (11 September 1861 – 8 April 1922) was the Chief of the German General Staff during the First World War from September 1914 until 29 August 1916.

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Ernst Röhm

Ernst Julius Günther Röhm (28 November 1887 – 1 July 1934) was a German military officer and an early member of the Nazi Party.

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Ernst von Hoeppner

Ernst Wilhelm Arnold von Hoeppner (14 January 1860 – 26 September 1922) was a Prussian cavalry officer who served as the Commanding General of the German Air Service (Luftstreitkräfte) during World War I.

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European theatre of World War I

Although considerable conflict took place outside Europe, the European theatre (also known as the First European War) was the main theatre of operations during World War I and was where the war began and ended.

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Ezriel Carlebach

Ezriel Carlebach (also Azriel; born Esriel Gotthelf Carlebach, עזריאל קרליבך, עזריאל קארלעבאך; November 7, 1909 – February 12, 1956) was a leading journalist and editorial writer during the period of Jewish settlement in Palestine and during the early days of the state of Israel.

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Fall of Eagles

Fall of Eagles is a 13-part British television drama aired by the BBC in 1974.

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Fascism

Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.

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Fascism and ideology

The history of Fascist ideology is long and it involves many sources.

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February 1924

The following events occurred in February 1924.

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Felix Somary

Felix Somary (21 November 1881, Vienna, Austria-Hungary – 11 July 1956, Zurich, Switzerland) was an Austrian-Swiss banker; he is also noted as a student of political economy.

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Fifth Battle of Ypres

The Fifth Battle of Ypres, also called the Advance of Flanders and the Battle of the Peaks of Flanders (Bataille des Crêtes de Flandres) is an informal name used to identify a series of battles in northern France and southern Belgium from late September through October 1918.

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Finnish Civil War

The Finnish Civil War was a conflict for the leadership and control of Finland during the country's transition from a Grand Duchy of the Russian Empire to an independent state.

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First Battle of Passchendaele

The First Battle of Passchendaele took place on 12 October 1917, in the Ypres Salient of the Western Front, west of Passchendaele village.

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First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux

The First Battle of Villers-Bretonneux (30 March – 5 April 1918), took place during Operation Michael, part of the German Spring Offensive on the Western Front.

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Francs-tireurs

Francs-tireurs (French for "free shooters") was a term for irregular military applied to formations deployed by France during the early stages of the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71).

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Franz Halder

Franz Halder (30 June 1884 – 2 April 1972) was a German general and the chief of the Oberkommando des Heeres staff (OKH, Army High Command) from 1938 until September 1942, when he was dismissed after frequent disagreements with Adolf Hitler.

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Frederick Barton Maurice

Major-General Sir Frederick Barton Maurice, 1st Baronet (19 January 1871 – 19 May 1951), was a senior British Army officer, military correspondent, writer and academic.

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Freemasonry in Germany

Freemasonry in Germany started in several places during the second quarter of the Eighteenth century.

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Freikorps

Freikorps ("Free Corps") were German volunteer units that existed from the 18th to the early 20th centuries, which effectively fought as mercenary or private armies, regardless of their own nationality.

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Friedrich Ebert

Friedrich Ebert (4 February 1871 28 February 1925) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the first President of Germany from 1919 until his death in office in 1925.

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Friedrich von Thun

Friedrich von Thun (born 30 June 1942) is an Austrian actor.

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Friedrich Weber (veterinarian)

Friedrich Weber, Dr.

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Fritz Grobba

Fritz Konrad Ferdinand Grobba (18 July 1886 – 2 September 1973) was a German diplomat during the interwar period and World War II.

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Fritz Klimsch

Fritz Klimsch (10 February 1870 – 30 March 1960) was a German sculptor, and the younger brother of the painter Paul Klimsch.

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Fritz T. Epstein

Fritz T. Epstein was a scholar and expert on the Soviet Union, born in Sarreguemines, Alsace-Lorraine, then part of the German Empire, in 1898.

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Fritz Thyssen

Friedrich "Fritz" Thyssen (9 November 1873 – 8 February 1951) was a German businessman, born into one of Germany's leading industrial families.

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Fritz von Loßberg

Friedrich Karl "Fritz" von Loßberg (30 April 1868 – 4 May 1942) was a German colonel, and later general, of World War I. He was a strategic planner, especially of defence, who was Chief of Staff for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th armies.

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General of the Infantry (Germany)

General of the Infantry (General der Infanterie; short: General d. Inf.) is a former rank of German Ground forces (de: Heer).

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Generalfeldmarschall

Generalfeldmarschall (general field marshal, field marshal general, or field marshal;; abbreviated to Feldmarschall) was a rank in the armies of several German states and the Holy Roman Empire; in the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, the rank Feldmarschall was used.

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Georg Michaelis

Georg Michaelis (8 September 1857 – 24 July 1936) was Chancellor of Germany for a few months in 1917.

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Georg von Hertling

Georg Friedrich, Graf von Hertling (31 August 1843 – 4 January 1919) was a Bavarian politician who served as Minister-President of Bavaria 1912–1917 and then as Minister-President of Prussia and Chancellor of the German Empire from 1917 to 1918.

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Gerhard Ritter

Gerhard Georg Bernhard Ritter (6 April 1888, Bad Sooden-Allendorf – 1 July 1967, Freiburg) was a nationalist-conservative German historian, who served as a professor of history at the University of Freiburg from 1925 to 1956.

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German Army order of battle, Western Front (1918)

This is the German Army order of battle on the Western Front at the close of the war.

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German Caucasus expedition

The German Caucasus expedition was a military expedition sent in late May, 1918, by the German Empire to the formerly Russian Transcaucasia during the Caucasus Campaign of World War I. Its prime aim was to stabilize the pro-German Democratic Republic of Georgia and to secure oil supplies for Germany by preventing the Ottoman Empire from gaining access to the oil reserves near Baku on the Abşeron peninsula.

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German colonial empire

The German colonial empire (Deutsches Kolonialreich) constituted the overseas colonies, dependencies and territories of Imperial Germany.

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German Empire

The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people.

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German General Staff

The German General Staff, originally the Prussian General Staff and officially Great General Staff (Großer Generalstab), was a full-time body at the head of the Prussian Army and later, the German Army, responsible for the continuous study of all aspects of war, and for drawing up and reviewing plans for mobilization or campaign.

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German involvement in Georgian–Abkhaz conflict

The German involvement in Abkhazia dates back to the 1870s, when Russian Tsar Alexander II decided to settle German villagers in Abkhazia to "civilize" the newly conquered Caucasian peoples.

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German National People's Party

The German National People's Party (DNVP) was a national conservative party in Germany during the time of the Weimar Republic.

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German occupation of Belgium during World War I

The German occupation of Belgium (Occupation allemande, Duitse bezetting) of World War I was a military occupation of Belgium by the forces of the German Empire between 1914 and 1918.

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German presidential election, 1925

Presidential elections were held in Germany on 29 March 1925, with a second round run-off on 26 April.

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German Revolution of 1918–19

The German Revolution or November Revolution (Novemberrevolution) was a civil conflict in the German Empire at the end of the First World War that resulted in the replacement of the German federal constitutional monarchy with a democratic parliamentary republic that later became known as the Weimar Republic.

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German Völkisch Freedom Party

The German Völkisch Freedom Party (Deutschvölkische Freiheitspartei, or DVFP) was a National Socialist and anti-Jewish political party of Weimar Germany that took its name from the Völkisch movement, a populist movement focused on folklore and the German ''Volk''.

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Gheluvelt Plateau actions, July–August 1917

The Gheluvelt Plateau actions, July–August 1917 took place from 31 July to 27 August, during the Third Battle of Ypres (31 July – 10 November 1917), in Belgium during the First World War.

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Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive

The Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive during World War I was initially conceived as a minor German offensive to relieve Russian pressure on the Austro-Hungarians to their south on the Eastern Front, but resulted in the Central Powers' chief offensive effort of 1915, causing the total collapse of the Russian lines and their retreat far into Russia.

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Gottlob Frege

Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (8 November 1848 – 26 July 1925) was a German philosopher, logician, and mathematician.

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Government General of Warsaw

No description.

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Grand Cross of the Iron Cross

The Grand Cross of the Iron Cross was a decoration intended for victorious generals of the Prussian Army and its allies.

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Great Retreat (Russian)

The Great Retreat was a strategic withdrawal from the Galicia-Poland salient conducted by the Imperial Russian Army during September 1915 in World War I. The Russians' critically under-equipped and (at the points of engagement) outnumbered forces suffered great losses in the Central Powers' July–September summer offensive operations, this leading to the Stavka ordering a withdrawal to shorten the front lines and avoid the potential encirclement of large Russian forces in the salient.

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Great War (series)

Great War is an alternate history trilogy novel by Harry Turtledove, which follows How Few Remain. It is part of Turtledove's Southern Victory series of novels. This trilogy is an alternative imaginary scenario of World War I, between 1914 and 1917, as a result of the Confederate States' victory over the United States in 1862.

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Gregor Strasser

Gregor Strasser (also Straßer, see ß; 31 May 1892 – 30 June 1934) was an early prominent German Nazi official and politician who was murdered during the Night of the Long Knives in 1934.

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Gustav Ritter von Kahr

Gustav Ritter von Kahr (29 November 1862 – 30 June 1934) was a German right-wing politician, active in the state of Bavaria.

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Haber (film)

Haber is a 2008 short-film written and directed by Daniel Ragussis.

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Hans Ehard

Hans Ehard (10 November 1887 – 18 October 1980) was a German lawyer and politician, a member of the Christian Social Union (CSU) party.

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Hans Ludendorff

Friedrich Wilhelm Hans Ludendorff (Dunowo, 26 May 1873 - Potsdam, 26 June 1941) was a German astronomer and astrophysicist.

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Hans Ritter von Seisser

Colonel Hans Ritter von Seisser (German Seißer; 9 December 1874 – 14 April 1973) was the head of the Bavarian State Police in 1923.

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Hans von Seeckt

Johannes Friedrich "Hans" von Seeckt (22 April 1866 – 27 December 1936) was a German military officer who served as Chief of Staff to August von Mackensen, and was a central figure in planning the victories Mackensen achieved for Germany in the east during the First World War.

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Harry Murray

Henry William "Harry" Murray, (1 December 1880 – 7 January 1966) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest decoration for gallantry "in the face of the enemy" that can be awarded to members of the British and Commonwealth armed forces.

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Heinz Pernet

Heinz Pernet (September 5, 1896 – June 30, 1973) was a former lieutenant and Erich Ludendorff's stepson.

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Hellmuth Lucius von Stoedten

Hellmuth Eduard Ferdinand Lucius von Stoedten, (14 July 1869 Estate Klein Ballhausen, Thuringia - November 14, 1934 in Berlin) was a German diplomat during WWI.

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Helmut Roewer

Helmut Roewer (born c. 1950) is a German lawyer and author.

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Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson

General Henry Seymour Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson, (20 February 1864 – 28 March 1925), known as Sir Henry Rawlinson, 2nd Baronet between 1895 and 1919, was a British First World War general best known for his roles in the Battle of the Somme of 1916 and the Battle of Amiens in 1918.

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Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener

Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, (24 June 1850 – 5 June 1916), was a senior British Army officer and colonial administrator who won notoriety for his imperial campaigns, most especially his scorched earth policy against the Boers and his establishment of concentration camps during the Second Boer War, and later played a central role in the early part of the First World War.

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Hermann Kriebel

Hermann Kriebel (20 January 1876 in Germersheim – 16 February 1941 in Munich) was a retired lieutenant colonel and former Bavarian staff officer.

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Hermann von der Lieth-Thomsen

General Hermann von der Lieth-Thomsen, born Hermann Thomsen, (10 March 1867 – 5 May 1942) was a German military aviation pioneer, a senior air commander in the Imperial German Army Air Service during World War I and a founding father of the German military aviation.

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Hermann von François

Hermann Karl Bruno von François (January 31, 1856 – May 15, 1933) was a German General der Infanterie during World War I, and is best known for his key role in several German victories on the Eastern Front in 1914.

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Hermann von Kuhl

Hermann Josef von Kuhl (2 November 1856 – 4 November 1958) was a Prussian military officer, member of the German General Staff, and a Generalleutnant during World War I. One of the most competent commanders in the German Army, he retired in 1919 to write a number of critically acclaimed essays on the war.

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Hindenburg Line

The Hindenburg Line (Siegfriedstellung or Siegfried Position) was a German defensive position of World War I, built during the winter of 1916–1917 on the Western Front, from Arras to Laffaux, near Soissons on the Aisne.

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Hindenburg Programme

The Hindenburg Programme of August 1916 is the name given to the armaments and economic policy begun in late 1916 by the Third Oberste Heeresleitung (OHL, the German General Staff), Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg and General Erich Ludendorff.

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History of Australia

The History of Australia refers to the history of the area and people of the Commonwealth of Australia and its preceding Indigenous and colonial societies.

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History of Bavaria

The history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and its formation as a stem duchy in the 6th century through its inclusion in the Holy Roman Empire to its status as an independent kingdom and finally as a large Bundesland (state) of the modern Federal Republic of Germany.

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History of Germany during World War I

During World War I, the German Empire was one of the Central Powers that lost the war.

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History of propaganda

Propaganda is information that is not impartial and used primarily to influence an audience and further an agenda, often by presenting facts selectively (perhaps lying by omission) to encourage a particular synthesis, or using loaded messages to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information presented.

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History of rail transport in Poland

The history of rail transport in Poland dates back to the first half of the 19th century when railways were built under Prussian, Russian, and Austrian rule.

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History of the tank

The history of the tank began in World War I, when armoured all-terrain fighting vehicles were first deployed as a response to the problems of trench warfare, ushering in a new era of mechanized warfare.

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Hitler: The Rise of Evil

Hitler: The Rise of Evil is a Canadian TV miniseries in two parts, directed by Christian Duguay and produced by Alliance Atlantis, starring Robert Carlyle in the lead role.

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Horses in World War I

The use of horses in World War I marked a transitional period in the evolution of armed conflict.

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House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis

The House and Merit Order of Duke Peter Frederick Louis (German: Haus und Verdienstorden von Herzog Peter Friedrich Ludwig) or proper German Oldenburg House and Merit Order of Duke Peter Frederick Louis (German: Oldenburgische Haus- und Verdienstorden des Herzogs Peter Friedrich Ludwig) was a civil and military order of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, a member state of the German Empire.

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Houston Stewart Chamberlain

Houston Stewart Chamberlain (9 September 1855 – 9 January 1927) was a British-born German philosopher who wrote works about political philosophy and natural science; he is described by Michael D. Biddiss, a contributor to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, as a "racialist writer".

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Hugh S. Gibson

Hugh Simons Gibson (August 16, 1883 – December 12, 1954) was an American diplomat.

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Hugo Stinnes

Hugo Dieter Stinnes (12 February 1870 – 10 April 1924) was a German industrialist and politician.

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Hundred Days Offensive

The Hundred Days Offensive was the final period of the First World War, during which the Allies launched a series of offensives against the Central Powers on the Western Front from 8 August to 11 November 1918, beginning with the Battle of Amiens.

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Hungarian National Defence Association

The Hungarian National Defence Association (Magyar Országos Véderő Egylet or MOVE) was an early far right movement active in Hungary.

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Ignaz Trebitsch-Lincoln

Ignatius Timothy Trebitsch-Lincoln (Trebitsch-Lincoln Ignác, Ignaz Thimoteus Trebitzsch; 4 April 1879 – 6 October 1943) was a Hungarian adventurer and convicted con artist.

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Immanuel Winkler

Immanuel Winkler (June 3, 1886 in Sarata – June 18, 1932 in Winnipeg), born Adolf Immanuel Mathaeus Winkler, was a pastor in Hoffnungstal (today Tsebrykove, Ukraine) and author.

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In Flanders Fields: The 1917 Campaign

In Flanders Fields: The 1917 Campaign is a history of the 3rd Battle of Ypres by Leon Wolff published in 1958 with an introduction by Maj.

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Index of World War II articles (E)

# E. Frederic Morrow.

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Industrial warfare

Industrial warfare is a period in the history of warfare ranging roughly from the early 19th century and the start of the Industrial Revolution to the beginning of the Atomic Age, which saw the rise of nation-states, capable of creating and equipping large armies, navies, and air forces, through the process of industrialization.

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Islamic Army of the Caucasus

The Islamic Army of the Caucasus (Qafqaz İslam Ordusu; Turkish: Kafkas İslâm Ordusu) (also translated as Caucasian Army of Islam) was a military unit of the Ottoman Empire formed on July 10, 1918.

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Jauch family

The Jauch family of Germany is a Hanseatic family which can be traced back till the Late Middle Ages.

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Jürgen Stroop

Jürgen Stroop (born Josef Stroop, 26 September 1895 – 6 March 1952) was a German SS commander during the Nazi era, who served as SS and Police Leader in occupied Poland.

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Johannes von Eben

Johannes Karl Louis Richard Eben, from 1906 named von Eben (Preußisch Mark, 24 February 1855 – Bauditten, 30 June 1924) was a Prussian officer who served as General of Infantry in World War I.

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John J. Pershing

General of the Armies John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing (September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948) was a senior United States Army officer.

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John Monash

General Sir John Monash, (27 June 1865 – 8 October 1931) was a civil engineer and an Australian military commander of the First World War.

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John Norton-Griffiths

Lieutenant-Colonel Sir John Norton-Griffiths, 1st Baronet, (13 July 1871 – 27 September 1930) was an engineer, British Army officer during the Second Boer War and the First World War, and a Member of Parliament.

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Joseph Carlebach

Joseph Hirsch (Tzvi) Carlebach (January 30, 1883, Lübeck, German Empire – March 26, 1942, Biķerniecki forest, near Riga, Latvia) was an Orthodox rabbi and Jewish-German scholar and natural scientist (Naturwissenschaftler).

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July 1918

The following events occurred in July 1918.

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Kapp Putsch

The Kapp Putsch, also known as the Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch after its leaders Wolfgang Kapp and Walther von Lüttwitz, was an attempted coup on 13 March 1920 which aimed to undo the German Revolution of 1918–1919, overthrow the Weimar Republic and establish a right-wing autocratic government in its place.

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Karl Fischer von Treuenfeld

Karl von Fischer-Treuenfeld (31 March 1885 – 7 June 1946) was a Nazi German war criminal.

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Karl Mayr

Captain Karl Mayr (5 January 1883 in Mindelheim – 9 February 1945 in Buchenwald concentration camp) was a General Staff officer and Adolf Hitler's immediate superior in an army Intelligence Division in the Reichswehr, 1919–1920.

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Karl von Einem

Karl von Einem genannt von Rothmaler (1 January 1853 – 7 April 1934) was the commander of the German 3rd Army during the First World War and served as the Prussian Minister of War responsible for much of the German military buildup prior to the outbreak of the war.

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Karl von Plettenberg

Karl Freiherr von Plettenberg (18 December 1852 in Neuhaus – 10 February 1938 in Bückeburg) was a Prussian officer, and later General of Infantry during World War I. He was Commandant-General of the Guards Corps, Adjutant General of the German Kaiser Wilhelm II and a recipient of Pour le Mérite.

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Kassel

Kassel (spelled Cassel until 1928) is a city located at the Fulda River in northern Hesse, Germany.

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Keith Park

Air Chief Marshal Sir Keith Rodney Park, (15 June 1892 – 6 February 1975) was a New Zealand soldier, First World War flying ace and Second World War Royal Air Force commander.

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Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)

The Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie), also known informally as the Regency Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Regencyjne), was a proposed puppet state of the German Empire during World War I.The Regency Kingdom has been referred to as a puppet state by Norman Davies in Europe: A history; by Jerzy Lukowski and Hubert Zawadzki in A Concise History of Poland; by Piotr J. Wroblel in Chronology of Polish History and Nation and History; and by Raymond Leslie Buell in Poland: Key to Europe ("The Polish Kingdom... was merely a pawn ").

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Konstantinas Olšauskas

Konstantinas Olšauskas (1867–1933) was a Lithuanian Roman Catholic priest active in public life and convicted of murder in 1929.

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Kruszewnia

Kruszewnia (Ludendorff) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Swarzędz, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

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Leaders of the Central Powers of World War I

The leaders of the Central Powers of World War I were the political or military figures who commanded or supported the Central Powers during World War I.

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League of East European States

The League of East European States or Federation of East European States (osteuropäischer Staatenbund) was a 1914 proposal by the German Committee for Freeing of Russian Jews for a German-dominated consociational buffer state to be established in the Russian Partition of the multi-ethnic territory of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Lebensraum

The German concept of Lebensraum ("living space") comprises policies and practices of settler colonialism which proliferated in Germany from the 1890s to the 1940s.

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Leopold Maxse

Leopold "Leo" James Maxse (11 November 1864 – 22 January 1932) was an English amateur tennis player and journalist and editor of the conservative British publication, National Review, between August 1893 and his death in January 1932.

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Lions led by donkeys

"Lions led by donkeys" is a phrase popularly used to describe the British infantry of the First World War and to blame the generals who led them.

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List of coups d'état and coup attempts by country

This is a list by country of coups d'état and coup attempts, in chronological order.

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List of covers of Time magazine (1920s)

This is a list of people appearing on the cover of ''Time'' magazine in the 1920s.

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List of German-trained divisions of the National Revolutionary Army

The German trained divisions were the elite of the infantry divisions in the Chiang Kai-Shek's National Revolutionary Army (NRA) trained under Sino-German cooperation until 1941.

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List of Germans

This is a list of notable Germans or German-speaking or -writing persons.

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List of military engagements of World War I

List of military engagements of World War I encompasses land, naval, and air engagements as well as campaigns, operations, defensive lines and sieges.

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List of Nazis (L–R)

A list of notable people who were at some point a member of the defunct Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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List of the Pour le Mérite (military class) recipients

The list contains recipients of the Pour le Mérite military class.

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List of World War I memorials and cemeteries in Artois

List of World War I memorials and cemeteries in Artois, within the historic County of Artois and present day Pas-de-Calais Department of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, located in northeastern France.

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Ludendorff

Ludendorff may refer to.

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Ludendorff Bridge

The Ludendorff Bridge (sometimes referred to as the Bridge at Remagen) was in early March 1945 one of two remaining bridges across the river Rhine in Germany when it was captured during the Battle of Remagen by United States Army forces during the closing weeks of World War II.

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Ludwig Dettmann

Ludwig Julius Christian Dettmann (25 July 1865, Adelby, near Flensburg - 19 November 1944, Berlin) was a German Impressionist painter.

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Ludwig von Falkenhausen

Ludwig Freiherr von Falkenhausen (13 September 1844 – 4 May 1936) was a German Generaloberst most notable for his activities during World War I.

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March 1924

The following events occurred in March 1924.

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March 1937

The following events occurred in March 1937.

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Mathilde Ludendorff

Mathilde Friederike Karoline Ludendorff (born Mathilde Spiess; 4 October 1877 in Wiesbaden – 24 June 1966 in Tutzing) was a German psychiatrist.

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Matthias Erzberger

Matthias Erzberger (20 September 1875 – 26 August 1921) was a German publicist and politician, Reich Minister of Finance from 1919 to 1920.

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Max Bauer

Colonel Max Hermann Bauer (31 January 1869 – 6 May 1929) was a German artillery expert in the First World War who was also prominent in the army's political meddling.

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Max Hoffmann

Carl Adolf Maximilian Hoffmann (25 January 1869 – 8 July 1927) was a German military strategist.

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Maximilian von Prittwitz

Maximilian Wilhelm Gustav von Prittwitz und Gaffron (27 November 1848 – 29 March 1917) was an Imperial German general.

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May 1924

The following events occurred in May 1924.

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Michael Bates (actor)

Michael Hammond Bates (4 December 1920 – 11 January 1978) was an Anglo-Indian actor.

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Military Cabinet (Prussia)

The Military Cabinet (Militärkabinett) was a military advisory body under the direct command of the King of Prussia, and by extension the German Emperor after 1871, for handling personnel matters of the army officer corps.

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Military history of Australia during World War I

In Australia, the outbreak of World War I was greeted with considerable enthusiasm.

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Military history of Canada during World War I

The military history of Canada during World War I began on August 4, 1914, when the United Kingdom entered the First World War (1914–1918) by declaring war on Germany.

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Military history of Germany

I found the two German commanders documents of 1920 during the digging land in ukraine contact number 00380638775589 While German-speaking people have a long history, Germany as a nation state dates only from 1871.

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Military Merit Cross (Austria-Hungary)

The Military Merit Cross (Militärverdienstkreuz, Katonai Érdemkereszt, Vojni križ za zasluge) was a decoration of the Empire of Austria and, after the establishment of the Dual Monarchy in 1867, the Empire of Austria-Hungary.

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Military Merit Cross (Mecklenburg-Schwerin)

The Military Merit Cross (Militärverdienstkreuz) was established by Friedrich Franz II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin on August 5, 1848.

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Military Merit Medal (Austria-Hungary)

The Military Merit Medal (Militär-Verdienstmedaille, Katonai Érdemérem, Vojna medalja za zasluge) was a military decoration of the Empire of Austria-Hungary.

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Military Merit Order (Württemberg)

The Military Merit Order (Militärverdienstorden) was a military order of the Kingdom of Württemberg, which joined the German Empire in 1871.

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Military Order of Max Joseph

The Military Order of Max Joseph (Militär-Max-Joseph-Orden) was the highest military order of the Kingdom of Bavaria.

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Military Order of St. Henry

The Military Order of St.

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Monocle

A monocle is a type of corrective lens used to correct or enhance the vision in only one eye.

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Mustafa Ertuğrul Aker

Mustafa Ertuğrul (full name after the Surname Law of 1934 in Turkey; Mustafa Ertuğrul Aker) was an officer of the Ottoman Army during World War I and of the Turkish Army in the early stages of the Turkish War of Independence (he was wounded near Aydın in 1919).

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Nakielska street in Bydgoszcz

Nakielska Street is an important street in Bydgoszcz, Poland.

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National Revolutionary Army

The National Revolutionary Army (NRA), sometimes shortened to Revolutionary Army (革命軍) before 1928, and as National Army (國軍) after 1928, was the military arm of the Kuomintang (KMT, or the Chinese Nationalist Party) from 1925 until 1947 in the Republic of China.

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National Socialist Freedom Movement

The National Socialist Freedom Movement (or NSFB) or National Socialist Freedom Party (or NSFP) was a far-right political party in Weimar Germany created in April 1924 during the aftermath of the Beer Hall Putsch.

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Nazi Party

The National Socialist German Workers' Party (abbreviated NSDAP), commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party, was a far-right political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945 and supported the ideology of Nazism.

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Nazism and the Wehrmacht

The relationship between the Wehrmacht, as the armed forces of the Third Reich were known, and the regime it served has been the subject of a voluminous historiographical debate.

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Neill Malcolm

Major-General Sir Neill Malcolm, KCB, DSO (8 October 1869 – 21 December 1953) was a British Army officer who served as Chief of Staff to Fifth Army in the First World War and later commanded the Troops in the Straits Settlements.

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Nikolai Yevgenyevich Markov

Nikolai Yevgenyevich Markov (Никола́й Евге́ньевич Ма́рков), known as Markov II or Markov the Second (Марков Второй) (2 April 1866 – 25 April 1945, Wiesbaden), by Roman Romov was a Russian right wing political figure who was a leading figure in the Union of the Russian People (UPR).

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Nivelle Offensive

The Nivelle Offensive of 1917, was a Franco-British offensive on the Western Front in the First World War.

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November 1923

The following events occurred in November 1923.

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November 1925

The following events occurred in November 1925.

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Ober Ost

Ober Ost is short for Oberbefehlshaber der gesamten Deutschen Streitkräfte im Osten, German for "Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East" during World War I. It also has an implied double meaning, as in its own right, "Ober Ost" translates into "Upper East," which describes its geographic region in reference to the German Empire.

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Oberste Heeresleitung

The Oberste Heeresleitung (Supreme Army Command or OHL) was the highest echelon of command of the army (Heer) of the German Empire.

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October 26

No description.

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Olsztynek

Olsztynek (Hohenstein in Ostpreußen) is a town in Olsztyn County, in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship of Poland.

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Operation Alberich

Operation Alberich (Unternehmen Alberich) was the code name of a German military operation in France during the First World War.

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Operation Michael

Operation Michael was a major German military offensive during the First World War that began the Spring Offensive on 21 March 1918.

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Operations on the Ancre, January–March 1917

Operations on the Ancre took place from between the British Fifth Army and the German 1st Army, on the Somme front during the First World War.

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Order of battle at Tannenberg (1914)

This is the order of battle for both the Russian and German armies at the Battle of Tannenberg, August 17 to September 2, 1914.

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Order of battle for the Spring Offensive

This is the order of battle for Operation Michael, part of the German Spring Offensive fought from 21 March to 5 April 1918 as one of the main engagements of the First World War.

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Oskar von Hutier

Oskar Emil von Hutier (27 August 1857 – 5 December 1934) was a German general during the First World War.

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Oswald Boelcke

Oswald Boelcke (19 May 1891 – 28 October 1916) PLM was a German flying ace of the First World War credited with 40 victories; he was one of the most influential patrol leaders and tacticians of the early years of air combat.

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Otto von Emmich

Albert Theodor Otto Emmich (since 1913 von Emmich) (August 4, 1848 – December 22, 1915) was a Prussian general.

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Otto von Lossow

General Otto Hermann von Lossow (15 January 1868 – 25 November 1938) was a Bavarian Army and then German Army officer who played a prominent role in the events surrounding the attempted Beer Hall Putsch by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in November 1923.

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Pan-German League

The Pan-German League (Alldeutscher Verband) was a Pan-German nationalist organization which officially founded in 1891, a year after the Zanzibar Treaty was signed.

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Paths of Glory (board game)

Paths of Glory: The First World War, 1914–1918 is a strategy board wargame, designed in 1999 by the six-time Charles S. Roberts Awards winner Ted Raicer and published by GMT Games.

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Paul von Hindenburg

Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg, known generally as Paul von Hindenburg (2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a Generalfeldmarschall and statesman who commanded the German military during the second half of World War I before later being elected President of the Weimar republic in 1925.

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Paul von Hintze

Paul von Hintze (13 February 1864 in Schwedt/Oder – 19 August 1941 in Meran) was a German naval officer, diplomat, and politician who served as Foreign Minister of Germany in the last stages of World War I, from July to October 1918.

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People's Court (Bavaria)

The People's Courts of Bavaria (Volksgerichte) were Sondergerichte (special courts) established by Kurt Eisner during the German Revolution in November 1918 and part of the Ordnungszelle that lasted until May 1924 after handing out more than 31,000 sentences.

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Pierre Renouvin

Pierre Renouvin (January 9, 1893 – December 7, 1974) was a French historian of international relations.

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Poles in the Wehrmacht

Following the German invasion of Poland in 1939, many former citizens of the Second Polish Republic from across the Polish territories annexed by Nazi Germany were forcibly conscripted into the Wehrmacht army in Upper Silesia and in Pomerania.

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Polish Border Strip

The term "Polish Border Strip" (Polnischer Grenzstreifen; polski pas graniczny) or "Polish Frontier Strip" refers to those territories which the German Empire wanted to annex from Congress Poland after World War I. It appeared in plans proposed by German officials as a territory to be annexed by German Empire after an expected German and Central Powers victory.

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Political views of Adolf Hitler

The political views of Adolf Hitler have presented historians and biographers with some difficulty.

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Political violence in Germany (1918–33)

Substantial political violence existed in Germany from the fall of the House of Hohenzollern and the rise of the Weimar Republic through the German Revolution of 1918–19 until the rise of the Nazi Party to power in 1933 when a Nazi totalitarian state was formed and opposition figures were arrested.

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Pour le Mérite

The Pour le Mérite (French, literally "For Merit") is an order of merit (Verdienstorden) established in 1740 by King Frederick II of Prussia.

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Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony

Prince Ernst Heinrich of Saxony, Duke of Saxony (Ernst Heinrich Ferdinand Franz Joseph Otto Maria Melchiades, Prinz von Sachsen, Herzog zu Sachsen) (9 December 1896 in Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony – 14 June 1971 in Neckarhausen, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany) was a member of the Saxon Royal Family.

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Prince Maximilian of Baden

Maximilian, Margrave of Baden (Maximilian Alexander Friedrich Wilhelm; 10 July 1867 – 6 November 1929),Almanach de Gotha.

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Propaganda

Propaganda is information that is not objective and is used primarily to influence an audience and further an agenda, often by presenting facts selectively to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is presented.

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Prussian Army

The Royal Prussian Army (Königlich Preußische Armee) served as the army of the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Pszczyna Castle

Pszczyna Castle (Zamek w Pszczynie), is a classical-style palace in the city of Pszczyna (formerly called "Pless") in south-western Poland.

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Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau

The pursuit of Goeben and Breslau was a naval action that occurred in the Mediterranean Sea at the outbreak of the First World War when elements of the British Mediterranean Fleet attempted to intercept the German Mittelmeerdivision consisting of the battlecruiser and the light cruiser.

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Quartermaster general

A quartermaster general is the staff officer in charge of supplies for a whole army.

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Ragnar Olson

Carl Adolf Ragnar Olson (10 August 1880 – 10 July 1955) was a Swedish horse rider who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics.

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Ralph Curtis

Second Lieutenant Ralph Luxmore Curtis (19 March 1898 – 21 September 1917) was a World War I British flying ace credited with fifteen aerial victories.

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Raymond Leane

Brigadier General Sir Raymond Lionel Leane, (12 July 1878 – 25 June 1962) was an Australian Army officer who rose to command the 48th Battalion then 12th Brigade during World War I. For his performance during the war, Leane was described by the Australian Official War Historian, Charles Bean, as "the foremost fighting leader" in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF), and "the head of the most famous family of soldiers in Australian history", among other accolades.

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Reinhard Scheer

Reinhard Scheer (30 September 1863 – 26 November 1928) was an Admiral in the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine).

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Reinhold Schünzel

Reinhold Schünzel (7 November 1886 – 11 November 1954) was a German actor and director, active in both Germany and the United States.

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Religious views of Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler's religious beliefs have been a matter of debate; the wide consensus of historians consider him to have been irreligious, anti-Christian, anti-clerical and scientistic.

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Richard von Kühlmann

Richard von Kühlmann (3 May 1873 – 16 February 1948) was a German diplomat and industrialist.

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Role of Douglas Haig in 1918

This article is about the role of Douglas Haig in 1918.

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Rudolf Hess

Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (Heß in German; 26 April 1894 – 17 August 1987), was a prominent politician in Nazi Germany.

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Rudolf Oeser

Rudolf Oeser (13 November 1858 – 3 June 1926) was a German journalist and liberal politician.

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Russian invasion of East Prussia (1914)

The Russian invasion of East Prussia occurred during the First World War, lasting from August to September 1914.

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Süddeutsche Monatshefte

Süddeutsche Monatshefte ("South German Monthly", also credited as Süddeutscher Monatshefte) was a German magazine published in Munich between January 1904 and September 1936.

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Schloss Ermreuth

Schloss Ermreuth is a manor house (Rittergut) in the Upper Franconian village of Ermreuth in the municipality of Neunkirchen am Brand.

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Schneider CA1

The Schneider CA 1 (originally named the Schneider CA) was the first French tank, developed during the First World War.

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Second Battle of the Aisne

The Second Battle of the Aisne (Bataille du Chemin des Dames or Seconde bataille de l'Aisne, 16 April – mid-May 1917) was the main part of the Nivelle Offensive, a Franco-British attempt to inflict a decisive defeat on the German armies in France.

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Second Battle of the Marne

The Second Battle of the Marne (Seconde Bataille de la Marne), or Battle of Reims (15 July – 6 August 1918) was the last major German offensive on the Western Front during the First World War.

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Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes

The Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes, also known as the Winter Battle of the Masurian Lakes, was the northern part of the Central Powers' offensive on the Eastern Front in the winter of 1915.

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Second Battle of the Piave River

The Second Battle of the Piave River, fought between 15 and 23 June 1918, was a decisive victory for the Italian Army against the Austro-Hungarian Empire during World War I. Though the battle proved to be a decisive blow to the Austro-Hungarian Empire and by extension the Central Powers, its full significance was not initially appreciated in Italy.

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Second Battle of the Somme (1918)

The Second Battle of the Somme of 1918 was fought during the First World War on the Western Front from late August to early September, in the basin of the River Somme.

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Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux

The Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux (also Actions of Villers-Bretonneux, after the First Battles of the Somme, 1918) took place from 24 to 25 April 1918, during the German Spring Offensive, against the Allied lines to the east of Amiens.

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Second Stresemann cabinet

The Second Stresemann cabinet (German: Zweites Kabinett Stresemann) was the ninth democratically elected Reichsregierung of the German Reich, during the period in which it is now usually referred to as the Weimar Republic.

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Second Transjordan attack on Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt

The Second Transjordan attack on Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt, officially known by the British as the Second action of Es Salt Battles Nomenclature Committee 1922 p. 33 and by others as the Second Battle of the Jordan,Erickson 2001 p. 195 was fought east of the Jordan River between 30 April and 4 May 1918, during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War.

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Seebataillon

Seebataillon (plural Seebataillone), literally "sea battalion", is a German term for certain troops of naval infantry or marines.

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Seekriegsleitung

The Seekriegsleitung or SKL (Maritime Warfare Command) was a higher command staff section of the Kaiserliche Marine and the Kriegsmarine of Germany during the World Wars.

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September 1923

The following events occurred in September 1923.

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September 1926

The following events occurred in September 1926.

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Siege of Antwerp (1914)

The Siege of Antwerp (Beleg van Antwerpen, Siège d'Anvers, Belagerung von Antwerpen.) was an engagement between the German and the Belgian, British and French armies around the fortified city of Antwerp during World War I. German troops besieged a garrison of Belgian fortress troops, the Belgian field army and the British Royal Naval Division in the Antwerp area, after the German invasion of Belgium in August 1914.

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Signals intelligence

Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly used in communication (electronic intelligence—abbreviated to ELINT).

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Signals intelligence in modern history

SIGINT is a contraction of SIGnals INTelligence.

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Sinai and Palestine Campaign

The Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I was fought between the British Empire and the Ottoman Empire, supported by the German Empire.

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Sir William Robertson, 1st Baronet

Field Marshal Sir William Robert Robertson, 1st Baronet, (29 January 1860 – 12 February 1933) was a British Army officer who served as Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS) – the professional head of the British Army – from 1916 to 1918 during the First World War.

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SMS Seydlitz

SMS Seydlitz was a battlecruiser of the Imperial German Navy, built in Hamburg.

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Snide and Prejudice

Snide and Prejudice is a 1997 film directed by Philippe Mora.

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Social democracy

Social democracy is a political, social and economic ideology that supports economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal democratic polity and capitalist economy.

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Sondergericht

A Sondergericht (plural: Sondergerichte) was a German "special court".

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Spring Offensive

The 1918 Spring Offensive, or Kaiserschlacht (Kaiser's Battle), also known as the Ludendorff Offensive, was a series of German attacks along the Western Front during the First World War, beginning on 21 March 1918, which marked the deepest advances by either side since 1914.

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Stab-in-the-back myth

The stab-in-the-back myth (Dolchstoßlegende) was the notion, widely believed and promulgated in right-wing circles in Germany after 1918, that the German Army did not lose World War I on the battlefield but was instead betrayed by the civilians on the home front, especially the republicans who overthrew the monarchy in the German Revolution of 1918–19.

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Stahlhelm

Stahlhelm (plural Stahlhelme) is German for "steel helmet".

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Stalemate in Southern Palestine

The Stalemate in Southern Palestine was a six month standoff between the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) and the Ottoman Army in World War I. The two hostile forces faced each other along the Gaza to Beersheba line during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, with neither side able to force its opponent to withdraw.

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Steve Trevor

General Steven Rockwell Trevor is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with the superheroine Wonder Woman.

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Sturmabteilung

The Sturmabteilung (SA), literally Storm Detachment, functioned as the original paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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Suzerainty

Suzerainty (and) is a back-formation from the late 18th-century word suzerain, meaning upper-sovereign, derived from the French sus (meaning above) + -erain (from souverain, meaning sovereign).

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Swarzędz

Swarzędz (German: Schwersenz) is a town (miasto) in central Poland of 29,766 inhabitants and a mixed urban-rural commune (gmina miejsko-wiejska) of 40,166 inhabitants (2006 estimates).

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Swedish National Socialist Farmers' and Workers' Party

The Swedish National Socialist Freedom League (in Swedish: Svenska Nationalsocialistiska Frihetsförbundet) was the first National Socialist organization in Sweden.

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Sydney Warburg

Sydney Warburg (1880-1947) is the pen name of an author or group of authors who remained anonymous and who published a book about funding of the Nazi Party by American bankers between 1929 and 1933.

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Tanks in the British Army

This article on military tanks deals with the history and development of tanks of the British Army from their first use in World War I, the interwar period, during World War II, the Cold War and modern era.

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Tannenbergbund

The Tannenbergbund (Tannenberg Union, TB) was a nationalist German political society formed in September 1925 at the instigation of Konstantin Hierl under the patronage of the former German Army general Erich Ludendorff.

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The Bloody Red Baron

The Bloody Red Baron is a 1995 Alternate history/horror novel by British author Kim Newman.

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The Case of Sergeant Grischa

The Case of Sergeant Grischa (1927) is a war novel by the German writer Arnold Zweig.

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The Hitler Gang

The Hitler Gang is a 1944 American pseudo-documentary film directed by John Farrow, which traces the political rise of Adolf Hitler.

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Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg

Theobald Theodor Friedrich Alfred von Bethmann-Hollweg (29 November 1856 – 1 January 1921) was a German politician who was the Chancellor of the German Empire from 1909 to 1917.

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Third Battle of the Aisne

The Third Battle of the Aisne (3e Bataille de L'Aisne) was a battle of the German Spring Offensive during World War I that focused on capturing the Chemin des Dames Ridge before the American Expeditionary Forces arrived completely in France.

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Timeline of World War I

No description.

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Total war

Total war is warfare that includes any and all civilian-associated resources and infrastructure as legitimate military targets, mobilizes all of the resources of society to fight the war, and gives priority to warfare over non-combatant needs.

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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest-Litovsk (Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations.

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Tutzing

Tutzing is a municipality in the district of Starnberg in Bavaria, Germany, on the west bank of the Starnberger See.

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UFA GmbH

UFA GmbH is a German film and television production company that unites all production activities of Bertelsmann in Germany.

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Ulrich Graf

Ulrich Graf (6 July 1878 – 3 March 1950) was one of the earliest members of the Nazi Party and of Adolf Hitler's inner circle.

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United States campaigns in World War I

This article is about the United States campaigns in World War I. American entry into World War I in early April 1917 resulted in the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) on the Western Front, under General John J. Pershing, being engaged in 13 campaigns, during the period 1917–18, for which campaign streamers were designated.

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Waldemar Pabst

Waldemar Pabst (24 December 1880 in Berlin – 29 May 1970 in Düsseldorf) was a German soldier and political activist, involved in far right and anti-communist activity in both his homeland and Austria.

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Walter Nicolai

Walter Nicolai (August 1, 1873 – May 4, 1947) was the first senior IC (Intelligence) Officer in the Imperial German Army.

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Walther von Lüttwitz

Walther von Lüttwitz or Walther Freiherr von Lüttwitz (2 February 1859 – 20 September 1942) was a German general who fought in World War I. Lüttwitz is best known for being the driving force behind the Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch of 1920 which attempted to replace the democratic government of the Weimar Republic with a military dictatorship.

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Weimar political parties

In the thirteen years the Weimar Republic was in existence, some forty parties were represented in the Reichstag.

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Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic (Weimarer Republik) is an unofficial, historical designation for the German state during the years 1919 to 1933.

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Western Front (World War I)

The Western Front was the main theatre of war during the First World War.

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Western Front tactics, 1917

In 1917, during World War I, the armies on the Western Front continued to change their fighting methods, due to the consequences of increased firepower, more automatic weapons, decentralisation of authority and the integration of specialised branches, equipment and techniques into the traditional structures of infantry, artillery and cavalry.

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Wilhelm Groener

Karl Eduard Wilhelm Groener (22 November 1867 – 3 May 1939) was a German soldier and politician.

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Wilhelm II, German Emperor

Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert von Hohenzollern; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and King of Prussia, ruling the German Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918.

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Winter operations 1914–1915

Winter operations 1914–1915 is the name given to military operations during the First World War from 1915, on the part of the Western Front held by the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), in French and Belgian Flanders.

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Wolfgang Foerster

Wolfgang Foerster (born 4 August 1875 in Breslau; died 14 October 1963 in Icking) was a German officer and military historian.

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Wolfgang Kapp

Wolfgang Kapp (24 July 1858 – 12 June 1922) was a Prussian civil servant and journalist.

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Wonder Woman (2017 film)

Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.

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Woodrow Wilson

Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was an American statesman and academic who served as the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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You Can't Stop the Yanks (Till They Go Right Thru)

"You Can't Stop the Yanks (Till They Go Right Thru)", also written as "You Can't Stop the Yanks Till They Go Right Thru Berlin" is a World War I era song released in 1918.

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10th Battalion (Australia)

The 10th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army that served as part of the Australian Imperial Force during World War I. Among the first units raised in Australia during the war, the battalion was recruited from South Australia in August 1914 and along with the 9th, 11th and 12th Battalions, it formed part of the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division.

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17th Army (German Empire)

The 17th Army (17.) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed in France on 1 February 1918 from the former 14th Army command.

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1865

No description.

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18th Army (German Empire)

The 18th Army (18.) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed against France on 27 December 1917 from the former Heeresgruppe Woyrsch command.

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1918

This year is famous for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the flu pandemic, that killed 50-100 million people worldwide.

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1918 in Australia

1918 in Australia was dominated by national participation in World War I. The Australian Corps, formed at the beginning of the year from the five divisions of the First Australian Imperial Force, played a significant role in the Allied victory.

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1918 in Italy

See also: 1917 in Italy, other events of 1918, 1919 in Italy.

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1937

No description.

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1937 in Germany

Events in the year 1937 in Germany.

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19th Army (German Empire)

The 19th Army (19.) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed in France on 4 February 1918 from the former South Army command.

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1st Army (Russian Empire)

The 1st Army (translit) was an army-level command of the Russian Imperial Army created during World War I. The First Army, commanded by General Paul Rennenkampf, invaded East Prussia at the outbreak of war in 1914 along with the Second Army commanded by General Alexander Samsonov.

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3rd Army (German Empire)

The 3rd Army (3.) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 seemingly from the II Army Inspectorate.

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42 cm Gamma Mörser

The 42 cm Gamma Mörser (as it was known in World War II) was a German siege howitzer.

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4th Brigade (Australia)

The 4th Brigade is a brigade-level formation of the Australian Army.

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8th Army (German Empire)

The 8th Army (8.) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the I Army Inspectorate.

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Redirects here:

Eric Ludendorff, Erich F. W. Ludendorff, Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Luddendorf, Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff, Erich Friedrich Wilhelm von Ludendorff, Erich von Ludendorff, General Erich Von Ludendorff, General Erich von Ludendorff, General Ludendorff, Lundendorff, Tannenberg League.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Ludendorff

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