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First law of thermodynamics

Index First law of thermodynamics

The first law of thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic systems. [1]

158 relations: Adiabatic flame temperature, Adiabatic process, Attribution of recent climate change, Bernoulli's principle, Bioenergetics, Biological thermodynamics, Black hole, Black hole thermodynamics, Canonical ensemble, Centrifugal compressor, Chemical energy, Clausius–Clapeyron relation, Climate model, Coefficient of performance, Cold fusion, Combustion, Data validation and reconciliation, Dynamic pressure, Edward Tryon, Energy, Energy (psychological), Energy balance, Energy conversion efficiency, Enthalpy, Entropy, Entropy (classical thermodynamics), Entropy (energy dispersal), Entropy and life, Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory, Entropy production, Euler equations (fluid dynamics), Exergy, Fermi gas, First law (disambiguation), First law of thermodynamics (fluid mechanics), Flash-gas (petroleum), FLOT, Flow conditioning, Fluid dynamics, Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric, Fuel saving device, Fundamental thermodynamic relation, Fusion power, General circulation model, Germain Henri Hess, Gibbs free energy, Ginsberg's theorem, Glass battery, Grand canonical ensemble, Grand potential, ..., Greenhouse gas, Heat, Heat death of the universe, Heat equation, Heat flux, Helmholtz free energy, Herbert Spencer, Hess's law, History of heat, History of military technology, History of numerical weather prediction, History of perpetual motion machines, History of physics, Hooke's law, Human impact on the environment, Hydrogen fuel enhancement, Index of philosophy articles (D–H), Index of physics articles (F), Inexact differential, Inflation (cosmology), Infrared Space Observatory, Internal energy, Introduction to entropy, Isobaric process, Isochoric process, Isothermal process, James Prescott Joule, Joe Bastardi, Johannes Bosscha, Joule–Thomson effect, Julius von Mayer, Lapse rate, Laws of science, Laws of thermodynamics, Life-cycle assessment, List of British innovations and discoveries, List of English inventions and discoveries, List of multiple discoveries, List of people from Trafford, List of physics concepts in primary and secondary education curricula, List of topics characterized as pseudoscience, Maximum entropy thermodynamics, Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics, Microcanonical ensemble, Microstate (statistical mechanics), Net positive suction head, Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances, Outline of physics, Oxyhydrogen, Perpetual motion, Phonovoltaic, Photo-Carnot engine, Polytropic process, Potential vorticity, Power plant engineering, Primitive equations, PRO/II, Process simulation, Pump, Qfwfq, Quantum, Quantum heat engines and refrigerators, Quantum thermodynamics, Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire, Relational theory, Relativistic heat conduction, ROMeo (process optimizer), Ruppeiner geometry, Scientific law, Second law of thermodynamics, Sign convention, Simple Magnetic Overunity Toy, Snow hydrology, Stagnation temperature, Stanley Meyer's water fuel cell, Statistical study of energy data, Steady-state economy, Steam turbine, Strengths and weaknesses of evolution, Table of thermodynamic equations, The Good Samaritan (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.), The Way (Greg Bear), Thermal conduction, Thermal efficiency, Thermal physics, Thermochemical equation, Thermochemistry, Thermodynamic cycle, Thermodynamic equations, Thermodynamic free energy, Thermodynamic potential, Thermodynamic temperature, Thermodynamics, Thermodynamics of the universe, Thermoeconomics, Timeline of meteorology, Timeline of motor and engine technology, Timeline of scientific discoveries, Timeline of thermodynamics, Total air temperature, University Physics, Warp-field experiments, Water-fuelled car, Wilbur Olin Atwater, William L. Chameides, Work (thermodynamics), 19th century in science. Expand index (108 more) »

Adiabatic flame temperature

In the study of combustion, there are two types of adiabatic flame temperature depending on how the process is completed, constant volume and constant pressure, describing the temperature that the combustion products theoretically reach if no energy is lost to the outside environment.

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Adiabatic process

In thermodynamics, an adiabatic process is one that occurs without transfer of heat or matter between a thermodynamic system and its surroundings.

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Attribution of recent climate change

Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent climate changes on Earth, commonly known as 'global warming'.

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Bernoulli's principle

In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.

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Bioenergetics

Bioenergetics is a field in biochemistry and cell biology that concerns energy flow through living systems.

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Biological thermodynamics

Biological thermodynamics is the quantitative study of the energy transductions that occur in or between living organisms, structures, and cells and of the nature and function of the chemical processes underlying these transductions.

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Black hole

A black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—not even particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from inside it.

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Black hole thermodynamics

In physics, black hole thermodynamics is the area of study that seeks to reconcile the laws of thermodynamics with the existence of black-hole event horizons.

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Canonical ensemble

In statistical mechanics, a canonical ensemble is the statistical ensemble that represents the possible states of a mechanical system in thermal equilibrium with a heat bath at a fixed temperature.

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Centrifugal compressor

Centrifugal compressors, sometimes termed radial compressors, are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery.

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Chemical energy

In chemistry, chemical energy is the potential of a chemical substance to undergo a transformation through a chemical reaction to transform other chemical substances.

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Clausius–Clapeyron relation

The Clausius–Clapeyron relation, named after Rudolf Clausius and Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron, is a way of characterizing a discontinuous phase transition between two phases of matter of a single constituent.

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Climate model

Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the important drivers of climate, including atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice.

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Coefficient of performance

The coefficient of performance or COP (sometimes CP or CoP) of a heat pump, refrigerator or air conditioning system is a ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to work required.

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Cold fusion

Cold fusion is a hypothesized type of nuclear reaction that would occur at, or near, room temperature.

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Combustion

Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.

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Data validation and reconciliation

Industrial process data validation and reconciliation, or more briefly, data validation and reconciliation (DVR), is a technology that uses process information and mathematical methods in order to automatically correct measurements in industrial processes.

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Dynamic pressure

Dynamic pressure (sometimes called velocity pressure) is the increase in a moving fluid's pressure over its static value due to motion.

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Edward Tryon

Edward P. Tryon (born September 4, 1940) is an American scientist and a professor emeritus of physics at Hunter College of the City University of New York.

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Energy

In physics, energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object.

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Energy (psychological)

Mental energy or psychic energy is a concept in some psychological theories or models of a postulated unconscious mental functioning on a level between biology and consciousness.

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Energy balance

Energy balance may refer to.

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Energy conversion efficiency

Energy conversion efficiency (η) is the ratio between the useful output of an energy conversion machine and the input, in energy terms.

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Enthalpy

Enthalpy is a property of a thermodynamic system.

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Entropy

In statistical mechanics, entropy is an extensive property of a thermodynamic system.

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Entropy (classical thermodynamics)

Entropy is a property of thermodynamical systems.

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Entropy (energy dispersal)

In physics education, the concept of entropy is traditionally introduced as a quantitative measure of disorder.

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Entropy and life

Research concerning the relationship between the thermodynamic quantity entropy and the evolution of life began around the turn of the 20th century.

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Entropy in thermodynamics and information theory

There are close parallels between the mathematical expressions for the thermodynamic entropy, usually denoted by S, of a physical system in the statistical thermodynamics established by Ludwig Boltzmann and J. Willard Gibbs in the 1870s, and the information-theoretic entropy, usually expressed as H, of Claude Shannon and Ralph Hartley developed in the 1940s.

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Entropy production

Entropy production determines the performance of thermal machines such as power plants, heat engines, refrigerators, heat pumps, and air conditioners.

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Euler equations (fluid dynamics)

In fluid dynamics, the Euler equations are a set of quasilinear hyperbolic equations governing adiabatic and inviscid flow.

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Exergy

In thermodynamics, the exergy (in older usage, available work or availability) of a system is the maximum useful work possible during a process that brings the system into equilibrium with a heat reservoir.

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Fermi gas

A Fermi gas is a phase of matter which is an ensemble of a large number of non-interacting fermions.

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First law (disambiguation)

First Law is a science fiction story by Isaac Asimov.

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First law of thermodynamics (fluid mechanics)

In physics, the first law of thermodynamics is an expression of the conservation of total energy of a system.

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Flash-gas (petroleum)

In an oil and gas production, flash-gas is a spontaneous vapor that is produced from the heating or depressurization of the extracted oil mixture during different phases of production.

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FLOT

FLOT may refer to.

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Flow conditioning

Flow conditioning ensures that the “real world” environment closely resembles the “laboratory” environment for proper performance of inferential flowmeters like orifice, turbine, coriolis, ultrasonic etc.

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Fluid dynamics

In physics and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids - liquids and gases.

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Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

The Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric is an exact solution of Einstein's field equations of general relativity; it describes a homogeneous, isotropic, expanding or contracting universe that is path connected, but not necessarily simply connected.

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Fuel saving device

Fuel saving devices are sold on the aftermarket with claims to improve the fuel economy and/or the exhaust emissions of any purport to optimize ignition, air flow, or fuel flow in some way.

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Fundamental thermodynamic relation

In thermodynamics, the fundamental thermodynamic relation is generally expressed as a microscopic change in internal energy in terms of microscopic changes in entropy, and volume for a closed system in thermal equilibrium in the following way.

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Fusion power

Fusion power is a form of power generation in which energy is generated by using fusion reactions to produce heat for electricity generation.

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General circulation model

A general circulation model (GCM) is a type of climate model.

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Germain Henri Hess

Germain Henri Hess (Герман Иванович Гесс German Ivanovich Gess; 7 August 1802 – 30 November 1850) was a Swiss-Russian chemist and doctor who formulated Hess's law, an early principle of thermochemistry.

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Gibbs free energy

In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy (IUPAC recommended name: Gibbs energy or Gibbs function; also known as free enthalpy to distinguish it from Helmholtz free energy) is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum of reversible work that may be performed by a thermodynamic system at a constant temperature and pressure (isothermal, isobaric).

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Ginsberg's theorem

Ginsberg's theorem is a parody of the laws of thermodynamics in terms of a person playing a game.

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Glass battery

The Glass battery is a type of solid state battery.

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Grand canonical ensemble

In statistical mechanics, a grand canonical ensemble is the statistical ensemble that is used to represent the possible states of a mechanical system of particles that are in thermodynamic equilibrium (thermal and chemical) with a reservoir.

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Grand potential

The grand potential is a quantity used in statistical mechanics, especially for irreversible processes in open systems.

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Greenhouse gas

A greenhouse gas is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range.

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Heat

In thermodynamics, heat is energy transferred from one system to another as a result of thermal interactions.

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Heat death of the universe

The heat death of the universe is a plausible ultimate fate of the universe in which the universe has diminished to a state of no thermodynamic free energy and therefore can no longer sustain processes that increase entropy.

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Heat equation

The heat equation is a parabolic partial differential equation that describes the distribution of heat (or variation in temperature) in a given region over time.

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Heat flux

Heat flux or thermal flux, sometimes also referred to as heat flux density or heat flow rate intensity is a flow of energy per unit of area per unit of time.

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Helmholtz free energy

In thermodynamics, the Helmholtz free energy is a thermodynamic potential that measures the useful work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant temperature and volume.

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Herbert Spencer

Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was an English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist of the Victorian era.

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Hess's law

Hess' law of constant heat summation, also known as Hess' law (or Hess's law), is a relationship in physical chemistry named after Germain Hess, a Swiss-born Russian chemist and physician who published it in 1840.

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History of heat

The history of heat has a prominent place in the history of science.

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History of military technology

The military funding of science has had a powerful transformative effect on the practice and products of scientific research since the early 20th century.

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History of numerical weather prediction

The history of numerical weather prediction considers how current weather conditions as input into mathematical models of the atmosphere and oceans to predict the weather and future sea state (the process of numerical weather prediction) has changed over the years.

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History of perpetual motion machines

The history of perpetual motion machines dates back to the Middle Ages.

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History of physics

Physics (from the Ancient Greek φύσις physis meaning "nature") is the fundamental branch of science.

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Hooke's law

Hooke's law is a principle of physics that states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance scales linearly with respect to that distance.

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Human impact on the environment

Human impact on the environment or anthropogenic impact on the environment includes changes to biophysical environments and ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources caused directly or indirectly by humans, including global warming, environmental degradation (such as ocean acidification), mass extinction and biodiversity loss, ecological crises, and ecological collapse.

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Hydrogen fuel enhancement

Hydrogen fuel enhancement is the process of using a mixture of hydrogen and conventional hydrocarbon fuel in an internal combustion engine, typically in a car or truck, in an attempt to improve fuel economy, power output, emissions, or a combination thereof.

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Index of philosophy articles (D–H)

No description.

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Index of physics articles (F)

The index of physics articles is split into multiple pages due to its size.

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Inexact differential

An inexact differential or imperfect differential is a specific type of differential used in thermodynamics to express the path dependence of a particular differential.

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Inflation (cosmology)

In physical cosmology, cosmic inflation, cosmological inflation, or just inflation, is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the early universe.

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Infrared Space Observatory

The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) was a space telescope for infrared light designed and operated by the European Space Agency (ESA), in cooperation with ISAS (part of JAXA as of 2003) and NASA.

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Internal energy

In thermodynamics, the internal energy of a system is the energy contained within the system, excluding the kinetic energy of motion of the system as a whole and the potential energy of the system as a whole due to external force fields.

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Introduction to entropy

Entropy is an important concept in the branch of physics known as thermodynamics.

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Isobaric process

An isobaric process is a thermodynamic process in which the pressure stays constant: ΔP.

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Isochoric process

An isochoric process, also called a constant-volume process, an isovolumetric process, or an isometric process, is a thermodynamic process during which the volume of the closed system undergoing such a process remains constant.

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Isothermal process

An isothermal process is a change of a system, in which the temperature remains constant: ΔT.

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James Prescott Joule

James Prescott Joule (24 December 1818 11 October 1889) was an English physicist, mathematician and brewer, born in Salford, Lancashire.

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Joe Bastardi

Joe Bastardi (born July 18, 1955) is a professional meteorologist and weather forecaster known for his opinions on weather and global warming.

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Johannes Bosscha

Johannes Bosscha Jr. (18 November 1831 – 15 April 1911) was a Dutch physicist.

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Joule–Thomson effect

In thermodynamics, the Joule–Thomson effect (also known as the Joule–Kelvin effect, Kelvin–Joule effect, or Joule–Thomson expansion) describes the temperature change of a real gas or liquid (as differentiated from an ideal gas) when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping them insulated so that no heat is exchanged with the environment.

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Julius von Mayer

Julius Robert Mayer (November 25, 1814 – March 20, 1878) was a German physician, chemist and physicist and one of the founders of thermodynamics.

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Lapse rate

Lapse rate is the rate at which Earth's atmospheric temperature decreases with an increase in altitude, or increases with the decrease in altitude.

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Laws of science

The laws of science, scientific laws, or scientific principles are statements that describe or predict a range of phenomena as they appear in nature.

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Laws of thermodynamics

The four laws of thermodynamics define fundamental physical quantities (temperature, energy, and entropy) that characterize thermodynamic systems at thermal equilibrium.

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Life-cycle assessment

Life-cycle assessment (LCA, also known as life-cycle analysis, ecobalance, and cradle-to-grave analysis) is a technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling.

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List of British innovations and discoveries

The following is a list and timeline of innovations as well as inventions and discoveries that involved British people or the United Kingdom including predecessor states in the history of the formation of the United Kingdom.

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List of English inventions and discoveries

English inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques invented, innovated or discovered, partially or entirely, in England by a person from England (that is, someone born in England - including to non-English parents - or born abroad with at least one English parent and who had the majority of their education or career in England).

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List of multiple discoveries

Historians and sociologists have remarked the occurrence, in science, of "multiple independent discovery".

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List of people from Trafford

This is a list of people from Trafford, a metropolitan borough in North West England.

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List of physics concepts in primary and secondary education curricula

This is a list of topics that are included in high school physics curricula or textbooks.

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List of topics characterized as pseudoscience

This is a list of topics that have, at one point or another in their history, been characterized as pseudoscience by academics or researchers.

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Maximum entropy thermodynamics

In physics, maximum entropy thermodynamics (colloquially, MaxEnt thermodynamics) views equilibrium thermodynamics and statistical mechanics as inference processes.

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Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics

In statistical mechanics, Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics describes the average distribution of non-interacting material particles over various energy states in thermal equilibrium, and is applicable when the temperature is high enough or the particle density is low enough to render quantum effects negligible.

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Microcanonical ensemble

In statistical mechanics, a microcanonical ensemble is the statistical ensemble that is used to represent the possible states of a mechanical system which has an exactly specified total energy.

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Microstate (statistical mechanics)

In statistical mechanics, a microstate is a specific microscopic configuration of a thermodynamic system that the system may occupy with a certain probability in the course of its thermal fluctuations.

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Net positive suction head

In a hydraulic circuit, net positive suction head (NPSH) may refer to one of two quantities in the analysis of cavitation.

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Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot

Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1 June 1796 – 24 August 1832) was a French military engineer and physicist, often described as the "father of thermodynamics".

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On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances

In the history of thermodynamics, On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances is a 300-page paper written by American engineer Willard Gibbs.

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Outline of physics

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to physics: Physics – natural science that involves the study of matterRichard Feynman begins his ''Lectures'' with the atomic hypothesis, as his most compact statement of all scientific knowledge: "If, in some cataclysm, all of scientific knowledge were to be destroyed, and only one sentence passed on to the next generations..., what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is...

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Oxyhydrogen

Oxyhydrogen is a mixture of hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) gases.

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Perpetual motion

Perpetual motion is motion of bodies that continues indefinitely.

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Phonovoltaic

A phonovoltaic (pV) cell converts vibrational (phonons) energy into a direct current much like the photovoltaic effect in a photovoltaic (PV) cell converts light (photon) into power.

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Photo-Carnot engine

A photo-Carnot engine is a Carnot cycle engine in which the working medium is a photon inside a cavity with perfectly reflecting walls.

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Polytropic process

A polytropic process is a thermodynamic process that obeys the relation: where p is the pressure, V is volume, n is the polytropic index, and C is a constant.

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Potential vorticity

Potential vorticity (PV) is seen as one of the important theoretical successes of modern meteorology.

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Power plant engineering

Power plant engineering or power station engineering is a division of power engineering, and is defined as "the engineering and technology required for the production of central station electric power." The field is focused on the generation of power for industries and communities, not for household power production.

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Primitive equations

The primitive equations are a set of nonlinear differential equations that are used to approximate global atmospheric flow and are used in most atmospheric models.

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PRO/II

PRO/II http://chemistry.about.com/cs/processsimulation/ http://www.chemsim.com/http://www.business.com/directory/chemicals/software/design_and_process_simulation/http://www.processengr.com/procengr.html from the Schneider Electric brand is a steady-state process simulator (process simulation) for process design and operational analysis for process engineers in the chemical, petroleum, natural gas, solids processing, and polymer industries.

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Process simulation

Process simulation is used for the design, development, analysis, and optimization of technical processes such as: chemical plants, chemical processes, environmental systems, power stations, complex manufacturing operations, biological processes, and similar technical functions.

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Pump

A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action.

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Qfwfq

Qfwfq is the narrator of many stories appearing in several works by Italian author Italo Calvino.

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Quantum

In physics, a quantum (plural: quanta) is the minimum amount of any physical entity (physical property) involved in an interaction.

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Quantum heat engines and refrigerators

A quantum heat engine is a device that generates power from the heat flow between hot and cold reservoirs.

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Quantum thermodynamics

Quantum thermodynamics is the study of the relations between two independent physical theories: thermodynamics and quantum mechanics.

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Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire

Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire and on Machines Fitted to Develop that Power is a book published in 1824 by French physicist Sadi Carnot.

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Relational theory

In physics and philosophy, a relational theory is a framework to understand reality or a physical system in such a way that the positions and other properties of objects are only meaningful relative to other objects.

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Relativistic heat conduction

Relativistic heat conduction refers to the modelling of heat conduction (and similar diffusion processes) in a way not compatible with special relativity.

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ROMeo (process optimizer)

ROMeoRigorous Online Modelling and Equation Based Optimization is an advanced online chemical process optimizer of SimSci, a brand of Schneider Electric software It is mainly used by process engineers in the chemical, petroleum and natural gas industries.

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Ruppeiner geometry

Ruppeiner geometry is thermodynamic geometry (a type of information geometry) using the language of Riemannian geometry to study thermodynamics.

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Scientific law

A scientific law is a statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some aspect of the universe.

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Second law of thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.

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Sign convention

In physics, a sign convention is a choice of the physical significance of signs (plus or minus) for a set of quantities, in a case where the choice of sign is arbitrary.

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Simple Magnetic Overunity Toy

The Simple Magnetic Overunity Toy (SMOT) is a 1985 invention by Greg Watson from Australia that claims to show "over-unity" energy — that is, it produces more energy than it consumes, a perpetual motion machine.

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Snow hydrology

Snow hydrology is a scientific study in the field of hydrology which focuses on the composition, dispersion, and movement of snow and ice.

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Stagnation temperature

In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, stagnation temperature is the temperature at a stagnation point in a fluid flow.

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Stanley Meyer's water fuel cell

The water fuel cell is a technical design of a "perpetual motion machine" created by American Stanley Allen Meyer (August 24, 1940 – March 20, 1998).

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Statistical study of energy data

Energy statistics refers to collecting, compiling, analyzing and disseminating data on commodities such as coal, crude oil, natural gas, electricity, or renewable energy sources (biomass, geothermal, wind or solar energy), when they are used for the energy they contain.

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Steady-state economy

A steady-state economy is an economy consisting of a constant stock of physical wealth (capital) and a constant population size.

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Steam turbine

A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft.

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Strengths and weaknesses of evolution

"Strengths and weaknesses of evolution" is a controversial phrase that has been proposed for (and in Texas introduced into) public school science curricula.

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Table of thermodynamic equations

This article is a summary of common equations and quantities in thermodynamics (see thermodynamic equations for more elaboration).

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The Good Samaritan (Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.)

"The Good Samaritan" is the sixth episode of the fourth season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they race to find Eli Morrow.

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The Way (Greg Bear)

The Way is the name of a fictional universe in a trilogy of science fiction novels and one short story by Greg Bear.

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Thermal conduction

Thermal conduction is the transfer of heat (internal energy) by microscopic collisions of particles and movement of electrons within a body.

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Thermal efficiency

In thermodynamics, the thermal efficiency (\eta_ \) is a dimensionless performance measure of a device that uses thermal energy, such as an internal combustion engine, a steam turbine or a steam engine, a boiler, furnace, or a refrigerator for example.

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Thermal physics

Thermal physics is the combined study of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and kinetic theory.

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Thermochemical equation

A Thermochemical Equation is a balanced stoichiometric chemical equation that includes the enthalpy change, ΔH.

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Thermochemistry

Thermochemistry is the study of the heat energy associated with chemical reactions and/or physical transformations.

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Thermodynamic cycle

A thermodynamic cycle consists of a linked sequence of thermodynamic processes that involve transfer of heat and work into and out of the system, while varying pressure, temperature, and other state variables within the system, and that eventually returns the system to its initial state.

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Thermodynamic equations

Thermodynamics is expressed by a mathematical framework of thermodynamic equations which relate various thermodynamic quantities and physical properties measured in a laboratory or production process.

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Thermodynamic free energy

The thermodynamic free energy is the amount of work that a thermodynamic system can perform.

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Thermodynamic potential

A thermodynamic potential (in fact, rather energyISO/IEC 80000-5, Quantities an units, Part 5 - Thermodynamics, item 5-20.4 Helmholtz energy, Helmholtz function, ISO/IEC 80000-5, Quantities an units, Part 5 - Thermodynamics, item 5-20.5, Gibbs energy, Gibbs function than potential) is a scalar quantity used to represent the thermodynamic state of a system.

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Thermodynamic temperature

Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature and is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics.

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Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work.

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Thermodynamics of the universe

The thermodynamics of the universe is dictated by which form of energy dominates it - relativistic particles which are referred to as radiation, or non-relativistic particles which are referred to as matter.

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Thermoeconomics

Thermoeconomics, also referred to as biophysical economics, is a school of heterodox economics that applies the laws of statistical mechanics to economic theory.

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Timeline of meteorology

The timeline of meteorology contains events of scientific and technological advancements in the area of atmospheric sciences.

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Timeline of motor and engine technology

Timeline of motor and engine technology.

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Timeline of scientific discoveries

The timeline below shows the date of publication of possible major scientific theories and discoveries, along with the discoverer.

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Timeline of thermodynamics

A timeline of events related to thermodynamics.

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Total air temperature

In aviation, stagnation temperature is known as total air temperature and is measured by a temperature probe mounted on the surface of the aircraft.

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University Physics

University Physics is the name of a two-volume physics textbook written by Hugh Young and Roger Freedman.

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Warp-field experiments

Warp-field experiments are a series of current and proposed experiments to create and detect instances of spacetime warping.

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Water-fuelled car

A water-fuelled car is an automobile that hypothetically derives its energy directly from water.

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Wilbur Olin Atwater

Wilbur Olin Atwater (May 3, 1844 – September 22, 1907) was an American chemist known for his studies of human nutrition and metabolism.

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William L. Chameides

William L. "Bill" Chameides (born November 21, 1949 in New York City) is an American atmospheric scientist who was the dean of Duke University's Nicholas School of the Environment from 2007 until July 1, 2014.

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Work (thermodynamics)

In thermodynamics, work performed by a system is the energy transferred by the system to its surroundings, that is fully accounted for solely by macroscopic forces exerted on the system by factors external to it, that is to say, factors in its surroundings.

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19th century in science

The 19th century in science saw the birth of science as a profession; the term scientist was coined in 1833 by William Whewell, which soon replaced the older term of (natural) philosopher.

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1st Law, 1st Law of Thermodynamics, 1st law of thermodynamics, Energy rate balance, First Law Of Thermodynamics, First Law of Thermodynamics, First Law of thermodynamics, Limitations of first law of thermodynamics, The First Law Of thermodynamics, The first law of thermodynamics, ΔE, তাপ গতিবিদ্যার প্রথম সূত্র.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_law_of_thermodynamics

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