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Floor and ceiling functions

Index Floor and ceiling functions

In mathematics and computer science, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted \operatorname(x). [1]

182 relations: Abstract analytic number theory, Ackermann function, Actuarial present value, Affine focal set, Akra–Bazzi method, Analog-to-digital converter, Ankeny–Artin–Chowla congruence, APL syntax and symbols, Arity, Atari BASIC, Barrett reduction, Beatty sequence, Bijective numeration, Binary heap, Binary logarithm, Binary search algorithm, Binary tree, Binomial distribution, Birthday problem, Block sort, BMP file format, Bracket, Bracket (mathematics), Calkin–Wilf tree, Ceiling (disambiguation), Champernowne constant, Chevalley–Warning theorem, Clebsch–Gordan coefficients, Clifford's theorem on special divisors, Closest pair of points problem, Closure operator, Code page 293, Code page 310, Code page 351, Code page 907, Comparison of electoral systems, Computus, Concatenation (mathematics), Concrete Mathematics, Continued fraction, Cubic Hermite spline, Cyclic number, Decimal, Dedekind number, Derangement, Digital root, Dominical letter, Doomsday rule, Egyptian fraction, Euclid's theorem, ..., Eugene McDonnell, Euler–Mascheroni constant, Exponentiation by squaring, Factorial, Fan-out, Farey sequence, Fibonacci number, Fibonacci word, Floating-point arithmetic, Floor (disambiguation), Four color theorem, Fowler–Noll–Vo hash function, Fractional part, Gauss circle problem, Gauss–Kuzmin–Wirsing operator, Gaussian blur, Gematria, Geographic coordinate conversion, Geometric distribution, Gonality of an algebraic curve, Heawood conjecture, Hermite polynomials, Hermite's identity, Hermite's problem, High availability, History of mathematical notation, Hyperinteger, Idempotence, Integer, Integer function, Integer square root, Integer-valued function, ISO 216, ISO IR-68, Iverson bracket, Johnson bound, Kenneth E. Iverson, Komornik–Loreti constant, Lanczos resampling, Legendre sieve, Legendre's formula, Limit of a sequence, List of mathematical functions, List of mathematical symbols, List of mathematical symbols by subject, Logarithm, Medcouple, Mersenne prime, Metadynamics, Mills' constant, Minkowski's question-mark function, Modular form, Modulo operation, Monte Carlo polarization, Multiplication algorithm, Nearest integer function, Neutrality of money, Nilmanifold, Non-integer representation, Normal number, OMS encoding, Open and closed maps, Ordinal date, Outline of discrete mathematics, Overfull graph, P-adic gamma function, Pairing function, Pairwise summation, Palindrome, Penny graph, Percentile, Piecewise linear function, Pigeonhole principle, Plotkin bound, Poisson distribution, Positive real numbers, Prime number, Prime-counting function, Proofs of Fermat's little theorem, Proofs of quadratic reciprocity, Pseudo-spectral method, Quantile, Quantization (signal processing), Quasiconvex function, Quotient, Radix economy, Ramanujan prime, Relationships among probability distributions, Residuated mapping, Revised Julian calendar, Riemann–Liouville integral, Rohn emergency scale, Rounding, Sawtooth wave, Scrabble variants, Self-balancing binary search tree, Semi-continuity, Shannon coding, Sidon sequence, Sign function, Significant figures, Simple function, Single transferable vote, Slash (punctuation), Square number, Step function, Summation, Suspension (dynamical systems), Table of mathematical symbols by introduction date, Tensor operator, Term symbol, Tilde, Time complexity, Torrent file, Trailing zero, Transcendental number, Transfer principle, Triangle wave, Truncation, Tupper's self-referential formula, Ultrafinitism, Uniform convergence, Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, Vibronic spectroscopy, Von Staudt–Clausen theorem, Waring's problem, Word lists by frequency, Wythoff's game, Xerox Character Code Standard, XSLT elements, Zak transform, 1 vs. 100 (Hong Kong game show). Expand index (132 more) »

Abstract analytic number theory

Abstract analytic number theory is a branch of mathematics which takes the ideas and techniques of classical analytic number theory and applies them to a variety of different mathematical fields.

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Ackermann function

In computability theory, the Ackermann function, named after Wilhelm Ackermann, is one of the simplest and earliest-discovered examples of a total computable function that is not primitive recursive.

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Actuarial present value

The actuarial present value (APV) is the expected value of the present value of a contingent cash flow stream (i.e. a series of payments which may or may not be made).

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Affine focal set

In mathematics, and especially affine differential geometry, the affine focal set of a smooth submanifold M embedded in a smooth manifold N is the caustic generated by the affine normal lines.

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Akra–Bazzi method

In computer science, the Akra–Bazzi method, or Akra–Bazzi theorem, is used to analyze the asymptotic behavior of the mathematical recurrences that appear in the analysis of divide and conquer algorithms where the sub-problems have substantially different sizes.

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Analog-to-digital converter

In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC, A/D, or A-to-D) is a system that converts an analog signal, such as a sound picked up by a microphone or light entering a digital camera, into a digital signal.

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Ankeny–Artin–Chowla congruence

In number theory, the Ankeny–Artin–Chowla congruence is a result published in 1953 by N. C. Ankeny, Emil Artin and S. Chowla.

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APL syntax and symbols

The programming language APL is distinctive in being symbolic rather than lexical: its primitives are denoted by symbols, not words.

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Arity

In logic, mathematics, and computer science, the arity of a function or operation is the number of arguments or operands that the function takes.

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Atari BASIC

Atari BASIC is an interpreter for the BASIC programming language that shipped with the Atari 8-bit family of 6502-based home computers.

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Barrett reduction

In modular arithmetic, Barrett reduction is a reduction algorithm introduced in 1986 by P.D. Barrett.

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Beatty sequence

In mathematics, a Beatty sequence (or homogeneous Beatty sequence) is the sequence of integers found by taking the floor of the positive multiples of a positive irrational number.

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Bijective numeration

Bijective numeration is any numeral system in which every non-negative integer can be represented in exactly one way using a finite string of digits.

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Binary heap

A binary heap is a heap data structure that takes the form of a binary tree.

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Binary logarithm

In mathematics, the binary logarithm is the power to which the number must be raised to obtain the value.

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Binary search algorithm

In computer science, binary search, also known as half-interval search,logarithmic search, or binary chop, is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array.

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Binary tree

In computer science, a binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has at most two children, which are referred to as the and the.

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Binomial distribution

In probability theory and statistics, the binomial distribution with parameters n and p is the discrete probability distribution of the number of successes in a sequence of n independent experiments, each asking a yes–no question, and each with its own boolean-valued outcome: a random variable containing a single bit of information: success/yes/true/one (with probability p) or failure/no/false/zero (with probability q.

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Birthday problem

In probability theory, the birthday problem or birthday paradox concerns the probability that, in a set of randomly chosen people, some pair of them will have the same birthday.

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Block sort

Block sort, or block merge sort, is a sorting algorithm combining at least two merge operations with an insertion sort to arrive at in-place stable sorting.

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BMP file format

The BMP file format, also known as bitmap image file or device independent bitmap (DIB) file format or simply a bitmap, is a raster graphics image file format used to store bitmap digital images, independently of the display device (such as a graphics adapter), especially on Microsoft Windows and OS/2 operating systems.

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Bracket

A bracket is a tall punctuation mark typically used in matched pairs within text, to set apart or interject other text.

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Bracket (mathematics)

In mathematics, various typographical forms of brackets are frequently used in mathematical notation such as parentheses, square brackets, braces, and angle brackets ⟨.

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Calkin–Wilf tree

In number theory, the Calkin–Wilf tree is a tree in which the vertices correspond 1-for-1 to the positive rational numbers.

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Ceiling (disambiguation)

A ceiling is the upper surface of a room.

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Champernowne constant

In mathematics, the Champernowne constant is a transcendental real constant whose decimal expansion has important properties.

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Chevalley–Warning theorem

In number theory, the Chevalley–Warning theorem implies that certain polynomial equations in sufficiently many variables over a finite field have solutions.

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Clebsch–Gordan coefficients

In physics, the Clebsch–Gordan (CG) coefficients are numbers that arise in angular momentum coupling in quantum mechanics.

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Clifford's theorem on special divisors

In mathematics, Clifford's theorem on special divisors is a result of on algebraic curves, showing the constraints on special linear systems on a curve C.

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Closest pair of points problem

The closest pair of points problem or closest pair problem is a problem of computational geometry: given n points in metric space, find a pair of points with the smallest distance between them.

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Closure operator

In mathematics, a closure operator on a set S is a function \operatorname: \mathcal(S)\rightarrow \mathcal(S) from the power set of S to itself which satisfies the following conditions for all sets X,Y\subseteq S |- | X \subseteq \operatorname(X) | (cl is extensive) |- | X\subseteq Y \Rightarrow \operatorname(X) \subseteq \operatorname(Y) | (cl is increasing) |- | \operatorname(\operatorname(X)).

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Code page 293

Code page 293 is EBCDIC code page used by IBM mainframes.

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Code page 310

Code page 310 is EBCDIC code page used by IBM mainframes.

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Code page 351

Code page 351 is EBCDIC code page used by IBM mainframes.

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Code page 907

Code page 907 is code page developed by IBM.

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Comparison of electoral systems

Electoral systems can be compared by different means.

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Computus

Computus (Latin for "computation") is a calculation that determines the calendar date of Easter.

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Concatenation (mathematics)

In mathematics, concatenation is the joining of two numbers by their numerals.

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Concrete Mathematics

Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science, by Ronald Graham, Donald Knuth, and Oren Patashnik, first published in 1989, is a textbook that is widely used in computer-science departments as a substantive but light-hearted treatment of the analysis of algorithms.

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Continued fraction

In mathematics, a continued fraction is an expression obtained through an iterative process of representing a number as the sum of its integer part and the reciprocal of another number, then writing this other number as the sum of its integer part and another reciprocal, and so on.

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Cubic Hermite spline

In numerical analysis, a cubic Hermite spline or cubic Hermite interpolator is a spline where each piece is a third-degree polynomial specified in Hermite form: that is, by its values and first derivatives at the end points of the corresponding domain interval.

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Cyclic number

A cyclic number is an integer in which cyclic permutations of the digits are successive multiples of the number.

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Decimal

The decimal numeral system (also called base-ten positional numeral system, and occasionally called denary) is the standard system for denoting integer and non-integer numbers.

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Dedekind number

In mathematics, the Dedekind numbers are a rapidly growing sequence of integers named after Richard Dedekind, who defined them in 1897.

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Derangement

In combinatorial mathematics, a derangement is a permutation of the elements of a set, such that no element appears in its original position.

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Digital root

The digital root (also repeated digital sum) of a non-negative integer is the (single digit) value obtained by an iterative process of summing digits, on each iteration using the result from the previous iteration to compute a digit sum.

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Dominical letter

Dominical letters or Sunday letters are a method used to determine the day of the week for particular dates.

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Doomsday rule

The Doomsday rule is an algorithm of determination of the day of the week for a given date.

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Egyptian fraction

An Egyptian fraction is a finite sum of distinct unit fractions, such as That is, each fraction in the expression has a numerator equal to 1 and a denominator that is a positive integer, and all the denominators differ from each other.

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Euclid's theorem

Euclid's theorem is a fundamental statement in number theory that asserts that there are infinitely many prime numbers.

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Eugene McDonnell

Eugene Edward McDonnell (October 18, 1926 – August 17, 2010) was a computer science pioneer and long-time contributor to the programming language siblings APL and J. He was a graduate of Brooklyn Technical High School.

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Euler–Mascheroni constant

The Euler–Mascheroni constant (also called Euler's constant) is a mathematical constant recurring in analysis and number theory, usually denoted by the lowercase Greek letter gamma.

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Exponentiation by squaring

In mathematics and computer programming, exponentiating by squaring is a general method for fast computation of large positive integer powers of a number, or more generally of an element of a semigroup, like a polynomial or a square matrix.

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Factorial

In mathematics, the factorial of a non-negative integer n, denoted by n!, is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n. For example, The value of 0! is 1, according to the convention for an empty product.

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Fan-out

In digital electronics, the fan-out of a logic gate output is the number of gate inputs it can drive.

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Farey sequence

In mathematics, the Farey sequence of order n is the sequence of completely reduced fractions between 0 and 1 which when in lowest terms have denominators less than or equal to n, arranged in order of increasing size.

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Fibonacci number

In mathematics, the Fibonacci numbers are the numbers in the following integer sequence, called the Fibonacci sequence, and characterized by the fact that every number after the first two is the sum of the two preceding ones: Often, especially in modern usage, the sequence is extended by one more initial term: By definition, the first two numbers in the Fibonacci sequence are either 1 and 1, or 0 and 1, depending on the chosen starting point of the sequence, and each subsequent number is the sum of the previous two.

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Fibonacci word

A Fibonacci word is a specific sequence of binary digits (or symbols from any two-letter alphabet).

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Floating-point arithmetic

In computing, floating-point arithmetic is arithmetic using formulaic representation of real numbers as an approximation so as to support a trade-off between range and precision.

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Floor (disambiguation)

Floor may refer to one of the following: In buildings.

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Four color theorem

In mathematics, the four color theorem, or the four color map theorem, states that, given any separation of a plane into contiguous regions, producing a figure called a map, no more than four colors are required to color the regions of the map so that no two adjacent regions have the same color.

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Fowler–Noll–Vo hash function

Fowler–Noll–Vo is a non-cryptographic hash function created by Glenn Fowler, Landon Curt Noll, and Kiem-Phong Vo.

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Fractional part

The fractional part or decimal part of a non‐negative real number x is the excess beyond that number's integer part.

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Gauss circle problem

In mathematics, the Gauss circle problem is the problem of determining how many integer lattice points there are in a circle centered at the origin and with radius r. This number is approximated by the area of the circle, so the real problem is to accurately bound the error term describing how the number of points differs from the area.

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Gauss–Kuzmin–Wirsing operator

In mathematics, the Gauss–Kuzmin–Wirsing operator is the transfer operator of the Gauss map.

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Gaussian blur

In image processing, a Gaussian blur (also known as Gaussian smoothing) is the result of blurring an image by a Gaussian function (named after mathematician and scientist Carl Friedrich Gauss).

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Gematria

Gematria (גמטריא, plural or, gematriot) originated as an Assyro-Babylonian-Greek system of alphanumeric code or cipher later adopted into Jewish culture that assigns numerical value to a word, name, or phrase in the belief that words or phrases with identical numerical values bear some relation to each other or bear some relation to the number itself as it may apply to Nature, a person's age, the calendar year, or the like.

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Geographic coordinate conversion

In geodesy, conversion among different geographic coordinate systems is made necessary by the different geographic coordinate systems in use across the world and over time.

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Geometric distribution

In probability theory and statistics, the geometric distribution is either of two discrete probability distributions.

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Gonality of an algebraic curve

In mathematics, the gonality of an algebraic curve C is defined as the lowest degree of a nonconstant rational map from C to the projective line.

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Heawood conjecture

In graph theory, the Heawood conjecture or Ringel–Youngs theorem gives a lower bound for the number of colors that are necessary for graph coloring on a surface of a given genus.

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Hermite polynomials

In mathematics, the Hermite polynomials are a classical orthogonal polynomial sequence.

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Hermite's identity

In mathematics, Hermite's identity, named after Charles Hermite, gives the value of a summation involving the floor function.

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Hermite's problem

Hermite's problem is an open problem in mathematics posed by Charles Hermite in 1848.

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High availability

High availability is a characteristic of a system, which aims to ensure an agreed level of operational performance, usually uptime, for a higher than normal period.

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History of mathematical notation

The history of mathematical notation includes the commencement, progress, and cultural diffusion of mathematical symbols and the conflict of the methods of notation confronted in a notation's move to popularity or inconspicuousness.

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Hyperinteger

In non-standard analysis, a hyperinteger n is a hyperreal number that is equal to its own integer part.

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Idempotence

Idempotence is the property of certain operations in mathematics and computer science that they can be applied multiple times without changing the result beyond the initial application.

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Integer

An integer (from the Latin ''integer'' meaning "whole")Integer 's first literal meaning in Latin is "untouched", from in ("not") plus tangere ("to touch").

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Integer function

Integer function may refer to.

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Integer square root

In number theory, the integer square root (isqrt) of a positive integer n is the positive integer m which is the greatest integer less than or equal to the square root of n, For example, \mbox(27).

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Integer-valued function

In mathematics, an integer-valued function is a function whose values are integers.

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ISO 216

ISO 216 specifies international standard (ISO) paper sizes used in most countries in the world today, although not in Canada, the United States, Mexico, or the Dominican Republic.

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ISO IR-68

ISO IR-68 is character set developed by ISO.

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Iverson bracket

In mathematics, the Iverson bracket, named after Kenneth E. Iverson, is a notation that generalises the Kronecker delta.

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Johnson bound

In applied mathematics, the Johnson bound (named after Selmer Martin Johnson) is a limit on the size of error-correcting codes, as used in coding theory for data transmission or communications.

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Kenneth E. Iverson

Kenneth Eugene Iverson (17 December 1920 – 19 October 2004) was a Canadian computer scientist noted for the development of the programming language APL.

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Komornik–Loreti constant

The Komornik–Loreti constant is a mathematical constant that represents the smallest number for which there still exists a unique q-development.

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Lanczos resampling

Lanczos resampling and Lanczos filtering are two applications of a mathematical formula.

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Legendre sieve

In mathematics, the Legendre sieve, named after Adrien-Marie Legendre, is the simplest method in modern sieve theory.

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Legendre's formula

In mathematics, Legendre's formula gives an expression for the exponent of the largest power of a prime p that divides the factorial n!.

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Limit of a sequence

As the positive integer n becomes larger and larger, the value n\cdot \sin\bigg(\frac1\bigg) becomes arbitrarily close to 1.

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List of mathematical functions

In mathematics, some functions or groups of functions are important enough to deserve their own names.

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List of mathematical symbols

This is a list of symbols used in all branches of mathematics to express a formula or to represent a constant.

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List of mathematical symbols by subject

This list of mathematical symbols by subject shows a selection of the most common symbols that are used in modern mathematical notation within formulas, grouped by mathematical topic.

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Logarithm

In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse function to exponentiation.

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Medcouple

The medcouple is a robust statistic that measures the skewness of a univariate distribution.

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Mersenne prime

In mathematics, a Mersenne prime is a prime number that is one less than a power of two.

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Metadynamics

Metadynamics (MTD; also abbreviated as METAD or MetaD) is a computer simulation method in computational physics, chemistry and biology.

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Mills' constant

In number theory, Mills' constant is defined as the smallest positive real number A such that the floor function of the double exponential function is a prime number, for all natural numbers n. This constant is named after William H. Mills who proved in 1947 the existence of A based on results of Guido Hoheisel and Albert Ingham on the prime gaps.

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Minkowski's question-mark function

In mathematics, the Minkowski question-mark function (or the slippery devil's staircase), denoted by, is a function possessing various unusual fractal properties, defined by.

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Modular form

In mathematics, a modular form is a (complex) analytic function on the upper half-plane satisfying a certain kind of functional equation with respect to the group action of the modular group, and also satisfying a growth condition.

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Modulo operation

In computing, the modulo operation finds the remainder after division of one number by another (sometimes called modulus).

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Monte Carlo polarization

In Analytic Business Theory Monte Carlo Polarization is an opinion generation algorithm for a given prototype or design idea.

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Multiplication algorithm

A multiplication algorithm is an algorithm (or method) to multiply two numbers.

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Nearest integer function

In computer science, the nearest integer function of real number x denoted variously by, \lfloor x \rceil, \Vert x \Vert, nint(x), or Round(x), is a function which returns the nearest integer to x. To avoid ambiguity when operating on half-integers, a rounding rule must be chosen.

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Neutrality of money

Neutrality of money is the idea that a change in the stock of money affects only nominal variables in the economy such as prices, wages, and exchange rates, with no effect on real variables, like employment, real GDP, and real consumption.

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Nilmanifold

In mathematics, a nilmanifold is a differentiable manifold which has a transitive nilpotent group of diffeomorphisms acting on it.

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Non-integer representation

A non-integer representation uses non-integer numbers as the radix, or bases, of a positional numbering system.

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Normal number

In mathematics, a normal number is a real number whose infinite sequence of digits in every positive integer base b is distributed uniformly in the sense that each of the b digit values has the same natural density 1/b, also all possible b2 pairs of digits are equally likely with density b−2, all b3 triplets of digits equally likely with density b−3, etc.

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OMS encoding

OMS (aka TeX math symbol) is a 7-bit TeX encoding developed by Donald E. Knuth.

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Open and closed maps

In topology, an open map is a function between two topological spaces which maps open sets to open sets.

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Ordinal date

An ordinal date is a calendar date typically consisting of a year and a day of year ranging between 1 and 366 (starting on January 1), though year may sometimes be omitted.

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Outline of discrete mathematics

Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that are fundamentally discrete rather than continuous.

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Overfull graph

In graph theory, an overfull graph is a graph whose size is greater than the product of its maximum degree and half of its order floored, i.e. |E| > \Delta (G) \lfloor |V|/2 \rfloor where |E| is the size of G, \displaystyle\Delta(G) is the maximum degree of G, and |V| is the order of G. The concept of an overfull subgraph, an overfull graph that is a subgraph, immediately follows.

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P-adic gamma function

In mathematics, the p-adic gamma function Γp is a function of a p-adic variable analogous to the gamma function.

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Pairing function

In mathematics, a pairing function is a process to uniquely encode two natural numbers into a single natural number.

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Pairwise summation

In numerical analysis, pairwise summation, also called cascade summation, is a technique to sum a sequence of finite-precision floating-point numbers that substantially reduces the accumulated round-off error compared to naively accumulating the sum in sequence.

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Palindrome

A palindrome is a word, number, or other sequence of characters which reads the same backward as forward, such as madam or racecar.

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Penny graph

In geometric graph theory, a penny graph is a contact graph of unit circles.

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Percentile

A percentile (or a centile) is a measure used in statistics indicating the value below which a given percentage of observations in a group of observations fall.

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Piecewise linear function

In mathematics, a piecewise linear function is a real-valued function defined on the real numbers or a segment thereof, whose graph is composed of straight-line sections.

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Pigeonhole principle

In mathematics, the pigeonhole principle states that if items are put into containers, with, then at least one container must contain more than one item.

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Plotkin bound

In the mathematics of coding theory, the Plotkin bound, named after Morris Plotkin, is a limit (or bound) on the maximum possible number of codewords in binary codes of given length n and given minimum distance d.

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Poisson distribution

In probability theory and statistics, the Poisson distribution (in English often rendered), named after French mathematician Siméon Denis Poisson, is a discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a given number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space if these events occur with a known constant rate and independently of the time since the last event.

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Positive real numbers

In mathematics, the set of positive real numbers, \mathbb_.

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Prime number

A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying two smaller natural numbers.

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Prime-counting function

In mathematics, the prime-counting function is the function counting the number of prime numbers less than or equal to some real number x. It is denoted by (x) (unrelated to the number pi).

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Proofs of Fermat's little theorem

This article collects together a variety of proofs of Fermat's little theorem, which states that for every prime number p and every integer a (see modular arithmetic).

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Proofs of quadratic reciprocity

In number theory, the law of quadratic reciprocity, like the Pythagorean theorem, has lent itself to an unusual number of proofs.

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Pseudo-spectral method

Pseudo-spectral methods, also known as discrete variable representation (DVR) methods, are a class of numerical methods used in applied mathematics and scientific computing for the solution of partial differential equations.

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Quantile

In statistics and probability quantiles are cut points dividing the range of a probability distribution into contiguous intervals with equal probabilities, or dividing the observations in a sample in the same way.

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Quantization (signal processing)

Quantization, in mathematics and digital signal processing, is the process of mapping input values from a large set (often a continuous set) to output values in a (countable) smaller set.

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Quasiconvex function

In mathematics, a quasiconvex function is a real-valued function defined on an interval or on a convex subset of a real vector space such that the inverse image of any set of the form (-\infty,a) is a convex set.

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Quotient

In arithmetic, a quotient (from quotiens "how many times", pronounced) is the quantity produced by the division of two numbers.

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Radix economy

The radix economy of a number in a particular base (or radix) is the number of digits needed to express it in that base, multiplied by the base (the number of possible values each digit could have).

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Ramanujan prime

In mathematics, a Ramanujan prime is a prime number that satisfies a result proven by Srinivasa Ramanujan relating to the prime-counting function.

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Relationships among probability distributions

In probability theory and statistics, there are several relationships among probability distributions.

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Residuated mapping

In mathematics, the concept of a residuated mapping arises in the theory of partially ordered sets.

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Revised Julian calendar

The Revised Julian calendar, also known as the Milanković calendar, or, less formally, new calendar, is a calendar proposed by the Serbian scientist Milutin Milanković in 1923, which effectively discontinued the 340 years of divergence between the naming of dates sanctioned by those Eastern Orthodox churches adopting it and the Gregorian calendar that has come to predominate worldwide.

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Riemann–Liouville integral

In mathematics, the Riemann–Liouville integral associates with a real function ƒ: R → R another function Iαƒ of the same kind for each value of the parameter α > 0.

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Rohn emergency scale

The Rohn emergency scaleRohn, Eli and Blackmore, Denis (2009), International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response Management (IJISCRAM), Volume 1, Issue 4, October 2009 is a scale on which the magnitude (intensity) of an emergency is measured.

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Rounding

Rounding a numerical value means replacing it by another value that is approximately equal but has a shorter, simpler, or more explicit representation; for example, replacing $ with $, or the fraction 312/937 with 1/3, or the expression with.

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Sawtooth wave

The sawtooth wave (or saw wave) is a kind of non-sinusoidal waveform.

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Scrabble variants

Scrabble variants are games created by changing the normal Scrabble rules or equipment.

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Self-balancing binary search tree

In computer science, a self-balancing (or height-balanced) binary search tree is any node-based binary search tree that automatically keeps its height (maximal number of levels below the root) small in the face of arbitrary item insertions and deletions.

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Semi-continuity

In mathematical analysis, semi-continuity (or semicontinuity) is a property of extended real-valued functions that is weaker than continuity.

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Shannon coding

In the field of data compression, Shannon coding, named after its creator, Claude Shannon, is a lossless data compression technique for constructing a prefix code based on a set of symbols and their probabilities (estimated or measured).

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Sidon sequence

In number theory, a Sidon sequence (or Sidon set), named after the Hungarian mathematician Simon Sidon, is a sequence A.

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Sign function

In mathematics, the sign function or signum function (from signum, Latin for "sign") is an odd mathematical function that extracts the sign of a real number.

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Significant figures

The significant figures (also known as the significant digits) of a number are digits that carry meaning contributing to its measurement resolution.

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Simple function

In the mathematical field of real analysis, a simple function is a real-valued function over a subset of the real line, similar to a step function.

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Single transferable vote

The single transferable vote (STV) is a voting system designed to achieve proportional representation through ranked voting in multi-seat organizations or constituencies (voting districts).

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Slash (punctuation)

The slash is an oblique slanting line punctuation mark.

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Square number

In mathematics, a square number or perfect square is an integer that is the square of an integer; in other words, it is the product of some integer with itself.

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Step function

In mathematics, a function on the real numbers is called a step function (or staircase function) if it can be written as a finite linear combination of indicator functions of intervals.

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Summation

In mathematics, summation (capital Greek sigma symbol: ∑) is the addition of a sequence of numbers; the result is their sum or total.

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Suspension (dynamical systems)

Suspension is a construction passing from a map to a flow.

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Table of mathematical symbols by introduction date

The following table lists many specialized symbols commonly used in mathematics, ordered by their introduction date.

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Tensor operator

In pure and applied mathematics, quantum mechanics and computer graphics, a tensor operator generalizes the notion of operators which are scalars and vectors.

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Term symbol

In quantum mechanics, the term symbol is an abbreviated description of the (total) angular momentum quantum numbers in a multi-electron atom (however, even a single electron can be described by a term symbol).

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Tilde

The tilde (in the American Heritage dictionary or; ˜ or ~) is a grapheme with several uses.

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Time complexity

In computer science, the time complexity is the computational complexity that describes the amount of time it takes to run an algorithm.

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Torrent file

In the BitTorrent file distribution system, a torrent file is a computer file that contains metadata about files and folders to be distributed, and usually also a list of the network locations of trackers, which are computers that help participants in the system find each other and form efficient distribution groups called swarms.

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Trailing zero

In mathematics, trailing zeros are a sequence of 0 in the decimal representation (or more generally, in any positional representation) of a number, after which no other digits follow.

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Transcendental number

In mathematics, a transcendental number is a real or complex number that is not algebraic—that is, it is not a root of a nonzero polynomial equation with integer (or, equivalently, rational) coefficients.

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Transfer principle

In model theory, a transfer principle states that all statements of some language that are true for some structure are true for another structure.

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Triangle wave

A triangle wave is a non-sinusoidal waveform named for its triangular shape.

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Truncation

In mathematics and computer science, truncation is limiting the number of digits right of the decimal point.

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Tupper's self-referential formula

Tupper's self-referential formula is a formula that visually represents itself when graphed at a specific location in the (x, y) plane.

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Ultrafinitism

In the philosophy of mathematics, ultrafinitism, also known as ultraintuitionism, strict-finitism, actualism, and strong-finitism, is a form of finitism.

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Uniform convergence

In the mathematical field of analysis, uniform convergence is a type of convergence of functions stronger than pointwise convergence.

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Verrazano-Narrows Bridge

The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge (also referred to as the Verrazano Bridge and formerly the Narrows Bridge) is a double-decked suspension bridge that connects the New York City boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn and is named for Giovanni da Verrazzano.

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Vibronic spectroscopy

Vibronic spectra involve simultaneous changes in the vibrational and electronic energy states of a molecule.

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Von Staudt–Clausen theorem

In number theory, the von Staudt–Clausen theorem is a result determining the fractional part of Bernoulli numbers, found independently by and.

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Waring's problem

In number theory, Waring's problem asks whether each natural number k has an associated positive integer s such that every natural number is the sum of at most s natural numbers to the power of k. For example, every natural number is the sum of at most 4 squares, 9 cubes, or 19 fourth powers.

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Word lists by frequency

Word lists by frequency are lists of a language's words grouped by frequency of occurrence within some given text corpus, either by levels or as a ranked list, serving the purpose of vocabulary acquisition.

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Wythoff's game

Wythoff's game is a two-player mathematical game of strategy, played with two piles of counters.

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Xerox Character Code Standard

The Xerox Character Code Standard (XCCS) is a historical 16-bit character encoding that was created by Xerox in 1980 for the exchange of information between elements of the Xerox Network Systems Architecture.

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XSLT elements

XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) defines many elements to describe the transformations that should be applied to a document.

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Zak transform

In mathematics, the Zak transform is a certain operation which takes as input a function of one variable and produces as output a function of two variables.

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1 vs. 100 (Hong Kong game show)

The Hong Kong version of 1 vs. 100, called 以一敵百 (lit. "to oppose 100 people by 1 person"), was produced by Asia Television and it is the first Chinese language version of the show.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_and_ceiling_functions

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