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Fuel cell

Index Fuel cell

A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen fuel with oxygen or another oxidizing agent. [1]

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Absorption heat pump

An absorption heat pump is an air-source heat pump driven not by electricity, but by a heat source such as solar-heated water, or geothermal-heated water.

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AC Transit

AC Transit (Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District) is an Oakland-based public transit agency serving the western portions of Alameda and Contra Costa counties in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area.

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Activated carbon

Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions.

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Advanced Energy Materials

Advanced Energy Materials is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering energy-related research, including photovoltaics, batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, hydrogen technologies, thermoelectrics, photocatalysis, solar power technologies, magnetic refrigeration, and piezoelectric materials.

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Advanced Light Source

The Advanced Light Source (ALS) is a research facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California.

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Aerogel

Aerogel is a synthetic porous ultralight material derived from a gel, in which the liquid component for the gel has been replaced with a gas.

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AeroVironment

AeroVironment, Inc. is an American technology company in Monrovia, California, and Simi Valley, California, that is primarily involved in energy systems, electric vehicle systems, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

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AFC Energy

AFC Energy PLC is a developer of alkaline fuel cells focused on industrial application.

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AFM-IR

AFM-IR (atomic force microscope infrared-spectroscopy) is one of a family of techniques (published online, Feb 2008) with erratum, 19(5), 14 May 2004 that are derived from a combination of two parent instrumental techniques; infrared spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy (SPM).

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AgustaWestland Project Zero

The AgustaWestland Project Zero is a hybrid tiltrotor/Lift fan aircraft.

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Air Products & Chemicals

Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. is an American international corporation whose principal business is selling gases and chemicals for industrial uses.

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Air-independent propulsion

Air-independent propulsion (AIP) is any marine propulsion technology that allows a non-nuclear submarine to operate without access to atmospheric oxygen (by surfacing or using a snorkel).

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Aircruise

Aircruise is a concept hydrogen airship envisioned as the combination of cruise ship and luxury hotel, designed by the UK company Seymourpowell.

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Airplane

An airplane or aeroplane (informally plane) is a powered, fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine, propeller or rocket engine.

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Akaflieg Berlin

Akaflieg Berlin is one of around thirteen flying groups, or Akaflieg, currently attached to German universities.

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Alan A. Jones

Alan Anthony Jones (1944 in Jamestown, NY – May 23, 2006) was an American professor of chemistry at Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts.

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Alcohol dehydrogenase

Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ to NADH).

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Alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell

An alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AAEMFC) is a type of alkaline fuel cell that uses an anion exchange membrane to separate the anode and cathode compartments.

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Alkaline fuel cell

The alkaline fuel cell (AFC), also known as the Bacon fuel cell after its British inventor, Francis Thomas Bacon, is one of the most developed fuel cell technologies.

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Allis-Chalmers

Allis-Chalmers was a U.S. manufacturer of machinery for various industries.

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Allison Transmission

Allison Transmission is an American manufacturer of commercial duty automatic transmissions and hybrid propulsion systems.

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Alstom Coradia LINT

The Alstom Coradia LINT is a single-unit or two-unit articulated railcar manufactured by Alstom, offered in diesel and hydrogen models.

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Alternative energy

Alternative energy is any energy source that is an alternative to fossil fuel.

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Alternative fuel

Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional and advanced fuels, are any materials or substances that can be used as fuels, other than conventional fuels like; fossil fuels (petroleum (oil), coal, and natural gas), as well as nuclear materials such as uranium and thorium, as well as artificial radioisotope fuels that are made in nuclear reactors.

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Alternative fuel vehicle

An alternative fuel vehicle is a vehicle that runs on a fuel other than traditional petroleum fuels (petrol or Diesel fuel); and also refers to any technology of powering an engine that does not involve solely petroleum (e.g. electric car, hybrid electric vehicles, solar powered).

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Alternative technology

Alternative technology is a term used to refer to technologies that are more environmentally friendly than the functionally equivalent technologies dominant in current practice.

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American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), nicknamed the Recovery Act, was a stimulus package enacted by the 111th U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama in February 2009.

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Amir Faghri

Amir Faghri is an American professor and leader in the engineering profession as an educator, scientist, and administrator.

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Andrea Zitolo

Andrea Zitolo OMRI (born 1980, Pescina) is an Italian scientist and academic specialized in physical chemistry and material science.

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Andrzej Wieckowski

Andrzej Wieckowski (Polish: Andrzej Więckowski, born February 22, 1945 in Łódź, Poland) is an Emeritus Professor of Chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the North American Editor of Electrochimica Acta.

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Anion exchange membrane

An anion exchange membrane (AEM) is a semipermeable membrane generally made from ionomers and designed to conduct anions while being impermeable to gases such as oxygen or hydrogen.

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Antiperovskite (structure)

The antiperovskite crystal structure is similar to the perovskite structure that is common in nature.

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Apollo (spacecraft)

The Apollo spacecraft was composed of three parts designed to accomplish the American Apollo program's goal of landing astronauts on the Moon by the end of the 1960s and returning them safely to Earth.

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Apollo 12

Apollo 12 was the sixth manned flight in the United States Apollo program and the second to land on the Moon.

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Apollo Command/Service Module

The Command/Service Module (CSM) was one of the two United States '''Apollo''' spacecraft, used for the Apollo program which landed astronauts on the Moon between 1969 and 1972.

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Apollo Energy Systems

Apollo Energy Systems is a U.S. multinational alternative energy corporation headquartered in Pompano Beach, Florida that develops, produces and markets fuel cell power plants, electric propulsion systems, and alternative energy generation equipment.

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Apollo Lunar Module

The Lunar Module (LM, pronounced "Lem"), originally designated the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM), was the lander portion of the Apollo spacecraft built for the US Apollo program by Grumman Aircraft to carry a crew of two from lunar orbit to the surface and back.

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ARPA-E

ARPA-E, or Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy is a United States government agency tasked with promoting and funding research and development of advanced energy technologies.

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Artificial kidney

Artificial kidney is often a synonym for hemodialysis, but may also, refer to renal replacement therapies (with exclusion of kidney transplantation) that are in use and/or in development.

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Artificial photosynthesis

Artificial photosynthesis is a chemical process that replicates the natural process of photosynthesis, a process that converts sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen; as an imitation of a natural process it is biomimetic.

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AS-201

| mission_type.

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AS-202

AS-202 (also referred to as SA-202) was the second unmanned, suborbital test flight of a production Block I Apollo Command/Service Module launched with the Saturn IB launch vehicle.

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Asian Conference on Electrochemical Power Sources

The Asian Conference on Electrochemical Power Sources (ACEPS) is a series of scientific electrochemical power sources conferences held in East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia at different locations.

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Aston Martin Vantage GT2

The Aston Martin Vantage GT2 is the most powerful racing variant of the Aston Martin V8 Vantage family.

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Auburn, Alabama

Auburn is a city in Lee County, Alabama, United States.

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Audi A7 sportback h-tron

The Audi A7 h-tron quattro is a concept hydrogen/electric plug-in hybrid automobile, released by Audi AG in the 2014 Los Angeles Auto Show.

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Audi Q5

The Audi Q5 is series of compact luxury crossover SUVs produced by the German luxury car manufacturer Audi from 2008, The original first-generation (Typ 8R) model was the third member of the B8 family to be released after the Audi A5 and fourth-generation A4, all being based on the Audi MLB platform.

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Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation

Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation (AFCC) is a Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, based automotive fuel cell technology company.

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Autonomous underwater vehicle

An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a robot that travels underwater without requiring input from an operator.

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Auxiliary power unit

An auxiliary power unit (APU) is a device on a vehicle that provides energy for functions other than propulsion.

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Babcock & Wilcox

Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises, originally Babcock, Wilcox & Company and then The Babcock & Wilcox Company, is an American power generation company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina.

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Ballard Power Systems

Ballard Power Systems Inc. is a developer and manufacturer of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell products for markets such as heavy-duty motive (consisting of bus and tram applications), portable power, material handling as well as technology solutions including engineering services.

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Barry Finegold

Barry R. Finegold (March 3, 1971 in Norwood, Massachusetts) was a Democratic member of the Massachusetts Senate representing the Second Essex and Middlesex district.

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Base station

Base station (or base radio station) is – according to the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) – a "land station in the land mobile service." The term is used in the context of mobile telephony, wireless computer networking and other wireless communications and in land surveying.

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Batteries in space

Batteries are used on spacecraft as a means of power generation.

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Battery electric vehicle

A battery electric vehicle (BEV), or all-electric vehicle is a type of electric vehicle (EV) that uses chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs.

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Baxi

Baxi is a part of BDR Thermea, one of Europe's largest manufacturers and distributors of domestic and commercial water and space heating systems.

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BB 63413 Plathee

BB 63413 PLATHEE (or Plathée in French) is a hybrid locomotive that was used for testing on the French rail operator SNCF.

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Bernard S. Baker

Dr.

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Beta-alumina solid electrolyte

Beta-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) is a fast ion conductor material used as a membrane in several types of molten salt electrochemical cell.

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Bill Rutherford

Alfred William (Bill) Rutherford FRS is Professor and Chair in Biochemistry of Solar energy in the Department of Life sciences at Imperial College London.

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Biogas

Biogas typically refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.

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Biological photovoltaics

Biological photovoltaics (BPV) is an energy-generating technology which uses oxygenic photoautotrophic organisms, or fractions thereof, to harvest light energy and produce electrical power.

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Biomass

Biomass is an industry term for getting energy by burning wood, and other organic matter.

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Blaberus discoidalis

Blaberus discoidalis, commonly known as the discoid cockroach, tropical cockroach, West Indian leaf cockroach, false death's head cockroach, Haitian cockroach, and drummer, is a cockroach native to Central America of the “giant cockroach” family, Blaberidae.

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BMW

BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke in German, or Bavarian Motor Works in English) is a German multinational company which currently produces luxury automobiles and motorcycles, and also produced aircraft engines until 1945.

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BMW Hydrogen 7

The BMW Hydrogen 7 is a limited production hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle built from 2005-2007 by German automobile manufacturer BMW.

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Borazine

Borazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (BH)3(NH)3.

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Boron nitride

Boron nitride is a heat and chemically resistant refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with the chemical formula BN.

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Boron nitride nanosheet

Boron nitride nanosheet is a two-dimensional crystalline form of the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), which has a thickness of one to few atomic layers.

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Brasenose College, Oxford

Brasenose College (BNC), officially The King's Hall and College of Brasenose, is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom.

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Breathalyzer

A breathalyzer or breathalyser (a portmanteau of breath and analyzer/analyser) is a device for estimating blood alcohol content (BAC) from a breath sample.

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Brooklyn–Queens Connector

The Brooklyn–Queens Connector, abbreviated the BQX, is a proposed streetcar line in New York City.

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Bruitparif

Bruitparif is a non-profit environmental organization responsible for monitoring the environmental noise in the Paris agglomeration.

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Buckeye Bullet

The Buckeye Bullet is a series of experimental electric cars created by Ohio State University students as a joint project with Venturi.

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Business Energy Investment Tax Credit

The Business Energy Investment Tax Credit (ITC) is a U.S. federal corporate tax credit that is applicable to commercial, industrial, utility, and agricultural sectors.

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BWT AG

BWT AG is an Austrian company with its headquarters in Mondsee.

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Cadillac Provoq

The Cadillac Provoq is a concept luxury crossover vehicle that was revealed on 8 January 2008, and manufactured by Cadillac.

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Caesium carbonate

Caesium carbonate or cesium carbonate is a white crystalline solid compound.

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CalCars

CalCars (also known as The California Cars Initiative) was a charitable, non-profit organization founded in 2002 to promote plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) as a key to addressing oil dependence and global warming both nationally and internationally.

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California State University, Los Angeles

California State University, Los Angeles (Cal State LA) is a public comprehensive university in the heart of Los Angeles, one of the 23 universities in the California State University (CSU) system.

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California State University, Northridge

California State University, Northridge (also known as CSUN) is a public university in the Northridge neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, United States, in the San Fernando Valley.

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Capa vehicle

A capacitor vehicle or capa vehicle is a traction vehicle that uses supercapacitors (also called ultracapacitors) to store electricity.

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Car

A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation.

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Carbon monoxide detector

A carbon monoxide detector or CO detector is a device that detects the presence of the carbon monoxide (CO) gas in order to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.

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Carbon nanotube supported catalyst

Carbon nanotube supported catalyst is a novel supported catalyst, using carbon nanotubes as the support instead of the conventional alumina or silicon support.

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Carbon paper

Carbon paper (originally carbonic paper) was originally paper coated on one side with a layer of a loosely bound dry ink or pigmented coating, bound with wax, used for making one or more copies simultaneously with the creation of an original document when using a typewriter or a ballpoint pen.

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Carbon Trust

The Carbon Trust is a for-mission company that helps governments, organisations and companies reduce their carbon emissions and become more resource efficient.

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Carl Levin

Carl Milton Levin (born June 28, 1934) is an American attorney and retired politician who served as a United States Senator from Michigan from 1979 - 2015.

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Carnot's theorem (thermodynamics)

Carnot's theorem, developed in 1824 by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, also called Carnot's rule, is a principle that specifies limits on the maximum efficiency any heat engine can obtain.

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Catalysis

Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalysthttp://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly.

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Catalyst poisoning

Catalyst poisoning refers to the partial or total deactivation of a catalyst.

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Catalytic oxidation

Catalytic oxidation are processes that oxidize compounds using catalysts.

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Catalytic reforming

Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert petroleum refinery naphthas distilled from crude oil (typically having low octane ratings) into high-octane liquid products called reformates, which are premium blending stocks for high-octane gasoline.

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Cell site

A cell site or cell tower is a cellular-enabled mobile device site where antennae and electronic communications equipment are placed — typically on a radio mast, tower, or other raised structure — to create a cell (or adjacent cells) in a cellular network.

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Center for Energy Research

The Center for Energy Research (formerly known as Energy Center) is a research association for studying energy research, operated by University of California San Diego.

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Ceramic

A ceramic is a non-metallic solid material comprising an inorganic compound of metal, non-metal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and covalent bonds.

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Ceramic Fuel Cells

Ceramic Fuel Cells Ltd was an Australian fuel cell technology company, based in Melbourne.

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Ceramic mixing technology

Ceramic mixing technology is used to mix and blend ceramics to create end products such as: ceramic powder blends, injection molding feedstock, electronics, decorative finishes, refractory linings, batteries and fuel cells, thermally conductive pastes, investment casting slurries, dental ceramics and advanced composites.

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Cermet

A cermet is a composite material composed of ceramic (cer) and metal (met) materials.

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Challenge X

Challenge X: Crossover to Sustainable Mobility, known more commonly as Challenge X, is a four-year competition series amongst engineering students from across North America.

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Charge transfer coefficient

Charge transfer coefficient, and symmetry factor (symbols α and β, respectively) are two related parameters used in description of the kinetics of electrochemical reactions.

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Chem-e-car

Chem-E-Car is an annual college competition for students majoring in Chemical Engineering.

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Chemical engineer

In the field of engineering, a chemical engineer is a professional, who is equipped with the knowledge of chemical engineering, works principally in the chemical industry to convert basic raw materials into a variety of products, and deals with the design and operation of plants and equipment.

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Chemical engineering

Chemical engineering is a branch of engineering that uses principles of chemistry, physics, mathematics and economics to efficiently use, produce, transform, and transport chemicals, materials and energy.

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Chemical reaction engineering

Chemical reaction engineering (reaction engineering or reactor engineering) is a specialty in chemical engineering or industrial chemistry dealing with chemical reactors.

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Chevrolet Sequel

The Chevrolet Sequel was a purpose-built hydrogen fuel cell-powered concept car and sport utility vehicle from Chevrolet, employing the then latest generation of General Motors' fuel cell technology.

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Chevrolet Van

The Chevrolet and GMC G-Series vans were made by General Motors for North America.

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Chevron Corporation

Chevron Corporation is an American multinational energy corporation.

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Chino Corporation

is a Japanese professional manufacturer of measuring/controlling instruments and instrumentation system.

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Chlorine production

This article presents the industrial and laboratory methods to prepare elemental chlorine.

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Christian Friedrich Schönbein

Prof Christian Friedrich Schönbein HFRSE(18 October 1799 – 29 August 1868) was a German-Swiss chemist who is best known for inventing the fuel cell (1838) at the same time as William Robert Grove and his discoveries of guncotton and ozone.

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Chrysler ecoVoyager

The Chrysler ecoVoyager is a concept car that was revealed on January 14, 2008 by Chrysler.

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Chrysler Natrium

The Chrysler Natrium is a hybrid fuel cell-type hydrogen vehicle based on the Chrysler Town and Country.

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Civita, San Diego

Civita is a sustainable, transit-oriented master-planned community in the Mission Valley area of the city of San Diego, San Diego County, United States.

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Clean Energy Project

The Clean Energy Project (CEP) is a virtual high-throughput discovery and design effort for the next generation of plastic solar cell materials.

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Clean Energy Trends

Clean Energy Trends is a series of reports by Clean Edge which examine markets for solar, wind, geothermal, fuel cells, biofuels, and other clean energy technologies.

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Cleveland

Cleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio, and the county seat of Cuyahoga County.

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Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006

The Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006 (c 19) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which aims to boost the number of heat and electricity microgeneration installations in the United Kingdom, so helping to cut carbon emissions and reduce fuel poverty.

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Coachella Valley

The Coachella Valley is a desert valley in Southern California which extends for approximately in Riverside County southeast from the San Bernardino Mountains to the northern shore of the Salton Sea.

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Cobalt boride

Cobalt borides are inorganic compounds with the general formula CoxBy.

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Cogeneration

Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use of a heat engine or power station to generate electricity and useful heat at the same time.

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Colonization of the Moon

The colonization of the Moon is a proposed establishment of permanent human communities or robotic industries on the Moon.

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Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada

Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada, abbreviated CEP in English and SCEP in French, was a largely private sector labour union with 150,000 members, active from 1992 to 2013.

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Connecticut Science Center

The Connecticut Science Center is a nine-story museum located on the Connecticut River in Hartford, Connecticut designed by César Pelli & Associates.

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Contact electrification

Contact electrification was an erroneous scientific theory from the Enlightenment that attempted to account for all the sources of electric charge known at the time.

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Cox Communications

Cox Communications (also known as Cox Cable and formerly Cox Broadcasting Corporation, Dimension Cable Services and Times-Mirror Cable) is an American privately owned subsidiary of Cox Enterprises providing digital cable television, telecommunications and Home Automation services in the United States.

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Crown Equipment Corporation

A privately held, family-owned U.S. company, Crown Equipment Corporation is the fourth largest manufacturer of powered industrial forklift trucks in the world.

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Cryptophane

Cryptophanes are a class of organic supramolecular compounds studied and synthesized primarily for molecular encapsulation and recognition.

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Cu Y Zeolite

Cu-Y zeolites are derivatives of the faujasite mineral group which in turn is a member of the zeolite family.

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Cupriavidus necator

Cupriavidus necator is a Gram-negative soil bacterium of the class Betaproteobacteria.

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Cyclopropenium ion

The cyclopropenium ion is the cation with the formula C3H3+.

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D1 Grand Prix

The, abbreviated as D1GP and subtitled Professional Drift, is a production car drifting series from Japan.

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Daejeon

Daejeon is South Korea's fifth-largest metropolis.

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Dassault Falcon

The Dassault Falcon is a family of business jets, manufactured by Dassault Aviation.

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DeepC

The DeepC is a hydrogen-fueled Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell.

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Delaware State University

Delaware State University (DSU or Del State), is a historically black, public university in Dover, Delaware.

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Delft University of Technology

Delft University of Technology (Technische Universiteit Delft) also known as TU Delft, is the largest and oldest Dutch public technological university, located in Delft, Netherlands.

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Design II for Windows

DESIGN II for Windows is a rigorous process simulator for chemical and hydrocarbon processes including refining, refrigeration, petrochemical, gas processing, gas treating, pipelines, fuel cells, ammonia, methanol and hydrogen facilities.

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Detroit–Windsor

The Detroit–Windsor region is an international transborder agglomeration comprising the American city of Detroit, Michigan, the Canadian city of Windsor, Ontario, and the Detroit River between them.

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Dielectric spectroscopy

Dielectric spectroscopy (which falls in a subcategory of impedance spectroscopy) measures the dielectric properties of a medium as a function of frequency.

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Direct borohydride fuel cell

Direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs) are a subcategory of alkaline fuel cells which are directly fed by sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride as a fuel and either air/oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant.

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Direct carbon fuel cell

A Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC) is a fuel cell that uses a carbon rich material as a fuel such as bio-mass or coal.

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Direct current

Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge.

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Direct methanol fuel cell

Direct-methanol fuel cells or DMFCs are a subcategory of proton-exchange fuel cells in which methanol is used as the fuel.

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Direct-ethanol fuel cell

Direct-ethanol fuel cells or DEFCs are a category of fuel cell in which ethanol is fed directly into the cell.

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Distributed generation

Distributed generation, also distributed energy, on-site generation (OSG) or district/decentralized energy is electrical generation and storage performed by a variety of small, grid-connected devices referred to as distributed energy resources (DER).

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DLR Smartfish

Smartfish is a proposed two seat experimental aircraft design by Konrad Schafroth which uses a lifting body configuration.

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Donaldson Company

Donaldson Company, Inc. is a vertically integrated filtration company engaged in the production and marketing of air filters used in a variety of industry sectors, including commercial/industrial (engines, exhausts, transmissions, vents in private vehicles, hydraulics), aerospace (helicopters, planes), chemical, alternative energy (windmills) and pharmaceuticals.

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Donnan potential

Donnan potential appears as a result of Donnan equilibrium, named after Frederick G. Donnan, which refers to the distribution of ion species between two ionic solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane or boundary.

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Doosan Fuel Cell America

Doosan Fuel Cell America (formerly ClearEdge Power, Inc.) is a fuel cell manufacturer focusing on the stationary fuel cell.

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Drug test

A drug test is a technical analysis of a biological specimen, for example urine, hair, blood, breath, sweat, and/or oral fluid/saliva — to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites.

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Drunk driving in the United States

Drunk driving is the act of operating a motor vehicle while the operator's ability to do so impaired as a result of alcohol consumption, or with a blood alcohol level in excess of the legal limit.

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Dry water

Dry water, an unusual form of "powdered liquid", is a water-air emulsion in which tiny water droplets, each the size of a grain of sand, are surrounded by a sandy silica coating.

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DTU Roadrunners

DTU Roadrunners is a student driven project at the Technical University of Denmark competing in the Shell Eco-marathon races.

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Dubai Trolley

The Dubai Trolley is a tramway in the Downtown Dubai development which uses a fleet of double-deck heritage-style open-top trams to provide transport services and as a visitor attraction.

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Duffy-Herreshoff watertaxi

The Duffy-Herreshoff DH30 watertaxi is an 18-person hydrogen fueled passenger ship, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell.

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Dummy load

A dummy load is a device used to simulate an electrical load, usually for testing purposes.

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DuPont Experimental Station

The DuPont Experimental Station is the largest research and development facility of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

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Dynamic vapor sorption

Dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) is a gravimetric technique that measures how quickly and how much of a solvent is absorbed by a sample: such as a dry powder absorbing water.

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Eco-socialism

Eco-socialism, green socialism or socialist ecology is an ideology merging aspects of socialism with that of green politics, ecology and alter-globalization or anti-globalization.

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EcoCute

The EcoCute is an energy efficient electric heat pump, water heating and supply system that uses heat extracted from the air to heat water for domestic, industrial and commercial use.

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EcoDemonstrator

The ecoDemonstrator Program is a flight test research program of aircraft company Boeing, which has used a series of specially modified aircraft to develop and test aviation technologies designed to improve fuel economy and reduce the noise and ecological footprint of airliners.

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Ecomechatronics

Ecomechatronics is an engineering approach to developing and applying mechatronical technology in order to reduce the ecological impact and total cost of ownership of machines.

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Economy of metropolitan Detroit

The metropolitan area surrounding and including Detroit, Michigan is a ten-county area with a population of over 5.9 million, a workforce of 2.6 million, and about 347,000 businesses.

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Economy of Vancouver

The Economy of Vancouver is one of the most vibrant in Canada.

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Eden Prairie Library

The Eden Prairie Library is located in Eden Prairie, Minnesota and is one of 41 libraries of the Hennepin County Library system.

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Efficient energy use

Efficient energy use, sometimes simply called energy efficiency, is the goal to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services.

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Electric aircraft

An electric aircraft is an aircraft powered by electric motors.

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Electric battery

An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections provided to power electrical devices such as flashlights, smartphones, and electric cars.

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Electric bicycle

An electric bicycle, also known as an e-bike, powerbike or booster bike, is a bicycle with an integrated electric motor which can be used for propulsion.

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Electric boat

While a significant majority of water vessels are powered by diesel engines, with sail power and gasoline engines also popular, boats powered by electricity have been used for over 120 years.

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Electric fire engine

The electric fire engine was proposed to replace the steam pumper fire engines used for fighting and extinguishing fires in the 19th century.

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Electric motorcycles and scooters

Electric motorcycles and scooters are plug-in electric vehicles with two or three wheels powered by electricity.

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Electric power system

An electric power system is a network of electrical components deployed to supply, transfer, and use electric power.

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Electric vehicle

An electric vehicle, also called an EV, uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion.

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Electric vehicle warning sounds

Electric vehicle warning sounds are a series of sounds designed to alert pedestrians to the presence of electric drive vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and all-electric vehicles (EVs) travelling at low speeds.

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Electrical system of the International Space Station

The electrical system of the International Space Station is a critical resource for the International Space Station (ISS) because it allows the crew to live comfortably, to safely operate the station, and to perform scientific experiments.

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Electricity generation

Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy.

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Electricity sector of the United States

The electricity sector of the United States includes a large array of stakeholders that provide services through electricity generation, transmission, distribution and marketing for industrial, commercial, public and residential customers.

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Electro-osmosis

Electroosmotic flow (or electro-osmotic flow, often abbreviated EOF; synonymous with electroosmosis or electroendosmosis) is the motion of liquid induced by an applied potential across a porous material, capillary tube, membrane, microchannel, or any other fluid conduit.

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Electrocatalyst

An electrocatalyst is a catalyst that participates in electrochemical reactions.

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Electrochemical cell

An electrochemical cell (EC) is a device capable of either generating electrical energy from chemical reactions or using electrical energy to cause chemical reactions.

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Electrochemical energy conversion

Electrochemical energy conversion is a field of energy technology concerned with electrochemical methods of energy conversion including fuel cells and photoelectrochemical.

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Electrochemical engineering

Electrochemical engineering is the branch of chemical engineering dealing with the technological applications of electrochemical phenomena, such as electrosynthesis of chemicals, electrowinning and refining of metals, flow batteries and fuel cells, surface modification by electrodeposition, electrochemical separations and corrosion.

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Electrochemical reaction mechanism

In chemistry, an electrochemical reaction mechanism is the step by step sequence of elementary steps, involving at least one outer sphere electron transfer, by which an overall chemical change occurs.

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Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry that studies the relationship between electricity, as a measurable and quantitative phenomenon, and identifiable chemical change, with either electricity considered an outcome of a particular chemical change or vice versa.

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Electrode

An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or air).

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Electrohydrogenesis

Electrohydrogenesis or biocatalyzed electrolysis is the name given to a process for generating hydrogen gas from organic matter being decomposed by bacteria.

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Electrolysis

In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a technique that uses a direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction.

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Electrolysis of water

Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen gas due to an electric current passed through the water.

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Electrolyte

An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water.

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Electromotive force

Electromotive force, abbreviated emf (denoted \mathcal and measured in volts), is the electrical intensity or "pressure" developed by a source of electrical energy such as a battery or generator.

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Electronic component

An electronic component is any basic discrete device or physical entity in an electronic system used to affect electrons or their associated fields.

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Element One

Element One is Lawrence Technological University's race team from Detroit, Michigan that competed in the 2008 Formula Zero Championship, the world's first-ever hydrogen fuel cell race series.

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Emergency power system

An emergency power system is an independent source of electrical power that supports important electrical systems on loss of normal power supply.

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Emerging technologies

Emerging technologies are technologies that are perceived as capable of changing the status quo.

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Ener1

Ener1 is a company developing energy storage technology building compact lithium-ion-powered battery solutions for the transportation, utility grid and industrial electronics markets.

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Energy and Environmental Research Center

The Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC) in Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States is a research, development, demonstration, and commercialization facility for energy and environment technologies development.

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Energy applications of nanotechnology

Over the past few decades, the fields of science and engineering have been seeking to develop new and improved types of energy technologies that have the capability of improving life all over the world.

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Energy conversion efficiency

Energy conversion efficiency (η) is the ratio between the useful output of an energy conversion machine and the input, in energy terms.

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Energy density Extended Reference Table

This is extended version of energy density table from the main page energy density: 0 if unknown; do not use ? or.

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Energy development

Energy development is the field of activities focused on obtaining sources of energy from natural resources.

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Energy in Taiwan

Taiwan lacks energy resources and highly depends on import, so it is a top priority to develop clean, sustainable, and independent energy and achieve the balance among energy security, environmental protection, and industrial competitiveness, and reduce emissions through various strategies.

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Energy policy of India

The energy policy of India is largely defined by the country's expanding energy deficit and increased focus on developing alternative sources of energy, particularly nuclear, solar and wind energy.

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Energy storage

Energy storage is the capture of energy produced at one time for use at a later time.

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Energy technology

Energy technology is an interdisciplinary engineering science having to do with the efficient, safe, environmentally friendly and economical extraction, conversion, transportation, storage and use of energy, targeted towards yielding high efficiency whilst skirting side effects on humans, nature and the environment.

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Energy transformation

Energy transformation, also termed as energy conversion, is the process of changing energy from one of its forms into another.

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Energy-Quest

Energy-Quest (formerly The Hydrogen Expedition) was an organization that sought to educate the public about the risks of an impending energy crisis due to the current worldwide dependence on fossil fuels and the benefits of energy conservation and the use of renewable energy sources.

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ENV

The ENV (Emission Neutral Vehicle) is an electric motorcycle prototype powered by an hydrogen fuel cell.

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Environmental and Energy Study Institute

The Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) is an independent, bi-partisan 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that aims to promote environmentally sustainable societies.

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Environmental Campus Birkenfeld

The Environmental Campus Birkenfeld (ECB) (German: Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld (UCB)) is a branch of the Hochschule Trier in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Environmental impact-minimizing vehicle tuning

Environmental impact-minimizing vehicle tuning is the modification (or tuning) of cars to reduce energy consumption.

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Environmental technology

Environmental technology (envirotech), green technology (greentech) or clean technology (cleantech) is the application of one or more of environmental science, green chemistry, environmental monitoring and electronic devices to monitor, model and conserve the natural environment and resources, and to curb the negative impacts of human involvement.

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Enzymatic biofuel cell

An enzymatic biofuel cell is a specific type of fuel cell that uses enzymes as a catalyst to oxidize its fuel, rather than precious metals.

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Equus (comics)

Equus is a fictional comic book supervillain, a cyborg mercenary in the DC Comics universe who serves as an opponent of Superman.

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Eurocopter EC135

The Eurocopter EC135 (now Airbus Helicopters H135) is a twin-engine civil light utility helicopter produced by Airbus Helicopters (formerly known as Eurocopter).

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European Inventor Award

The European Inventor Award or European Inventor awards (formerly European Inventor of the Year Award, renamed in 2010), are presented annually by the European Patent Office, sometimes supported by the respective Presidency of the Council of the European Union and by the European Commission, to inventors who have made a significant contribution to innovation, economy and society in Europe.

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Evaporative cooler

An evaporative cooler (also swamp cooler, desert cooler and wet air cooler) is a device that cools air through the evaporation of water.

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Exergy

In thermodynamics, the exergy (in older usage, available work or availability) of a system is the maximum useful work possible during a process that brings the system into equilibrium with a heat reservoir.

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Exergy efficiency

Exergy efficiency (also known as the second-law efficiency or rational efficiency) computes the efficiency of a process taking the second law of thermodynamics into account.

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Extended Duration Orbiter

The Extended Duration Orbiter (EDO) program was a project by NASA to prepare for long-term (months) microgravity research aboard Space Station Freedom, which later evolved into the International Space Station.

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ExxonMobil

Exxon Mobil Corporation, doing business as ExxonMobil, is an American multinational oil and gas corporation headquartered in Irving, Texas.

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Faradaic impedance

In electrochemistry, faradaic impedance is the resistance and capacitance acting jointly at the surface of an electrode of an electrochemical cell.

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Fast ion conductor

In materials science, fast ion conductors are solids with highly mobile ions.

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Ferenc Pavlics

Ferenc Pavlics (born 3 February 1928) is a Hungarian-born mechanical engineer, developer for NASA Apollo Lunar rover.

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Fiat Panda Hydrogen

The Panda Hydrogen is a prototype fuel cell-type hydrogen vehicle based on the Fiat Panda introduced in 2006.

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Fiat Phyllis

The Fiat Phyllis is a prototype fuel cell-type hydrogen vehicle introduced in the International Motor Show Bologna (Italy) held til 14 December 2008.

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Fin (extended surface)

In the study of heat transfer, fins are surfaces that extend from an object to increase the rate of heat transfer to or from the environment by increasing convection.

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First National Bank of Omaha

First National Bank Omaha is a subsidiary of First National of Nebraska.

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Flexplay

Flexplay is a trademark for a DVD-compatible optical video disc format with a time-limited (usually 48-hour) playback time.

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Flight controller

Flight controllers are personnel who aid space flight by working in such Mission Control Centers as NASA's Mission Control Center or ESA's European Space Operations Centre.

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Flint Mass Transportation Authority

The Mass Transportation Authority (abbreviated MTA) is the government operator of public mass transportation based in Flint, Michigan that primarily serves Genesee County.

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Florida Governor's Mansion

The Florida Governor's Mansion (also called The People's House of Florida) is a historic U.S. residence in Tallahassee, Florida.

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Flow battery

A flow battery, or redox flow battery (after reduction–oxidation), is a type of electrochemical cell where chemical energy is provided by two chemical components dissolved in liquids contained within the system and separated by a membrane.

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Flow distribution in manifolds

The flow in manifolds is extensively encountered in many industrial processes when it is necessary to distribute a large fluid stream into several parallel streams and then to collect them into one discharge stream, such as fuel cells, plate heat exchanger, radial flow reactor, and irrigation.

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Food preservation

Food preservation prevents the growth of microorganisms (such as yeasts), or other microorganisms (although some methods work by introducing benign bacteria or fungi to the food), as well as slowing the oxidation of fats that cause rancidity.

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Ford Airstream

The Ford Airstream is a concept car built by Ford that made its debut at the 2007 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan.

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Ford Ecostar

The Ford Ecostar is an experimental electrically-powered small delivery van that was built by Ford Europe.

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Ford Explorer Fuel Cell Prototype

Ford Explorer Fuel Cell Prototype is a hydrogen car based on the standard Ford Explorer.

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Ford Focus (second generation, North America)

Since debuting at the 2007 North American International Auto Show, the restyled North American second generation Ford Focus has been sold by Ford as either a two-door coupe and 4-door sedan — the hatchbacks and wagon were discontinued.

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Ford Motor Company

Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as "Ford") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.

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Forklift

A forklift (also called lift truck, fork truck, fork hoist, and forklift truck) is a powered industrial truck used to lift and move materials over short distances.

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Formic acid

Formic acid, systematically named methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid.

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Formic acid fuel cell

Formic acid fuel cells (direct formic acid fuel cells or DFAFCs) are a subcategory of proton exchange membrane fuel cells where the fuel, formic acid, is not reformed, but fed directly to the fuel cell.

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Forze

Forze is a Delft University of Technology's student team specialised in hydrogen electric racing.

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Fossil fuel power station

A fossil fuel power station is a power station which burns a fossil fuel such as coal, natural gas, or petroleum to produce electricity.

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Francis Thomas Bacon

Francis Thomas Bacon OBE FREng FRS (21 December 1904 at Ramsden Hall, Billericay, Essex, England – 24 May 1992) was an English engineer who developed the first practical hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell.

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FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies

The FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies (FCVT) is a U.S. national Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy program developing more energy efficient and environmentally friendly highway transportation technologies that will enable the U.S to use less petroleum.

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Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science

The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science (popularly known as SEAS or Columbia Engineering) is the engineering and applied science school of Columbia University.

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Fuel

A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases energy as heat energy or to be used for work.

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Fuel cell (disambiguation)

Fuel cell may refer to.

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Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Energy Association

Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Energy Association (FCHEA) was formed in November 2010 following the merger of two former associations representing different sectors of the industry, the U.S. Fuel Cell Council and the National Hydrogen Association.

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Fuel cell auxiliary power unit

A fuel cell auxiliary power unit (FC-APU) is a fuel cell based auxiliary power unit on a vehicle that provides energy for functions other than propulsion.

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Fuel cell bus

A fuel cell bus is a bus that uses a hydrogen fuel cell as its power source for electrically driven wheels, sometimes augmented in a hybrid fashion with batteries or a supercapacitor.

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Fuel Cell Bus Club

The Fuel Cell Bus Club comprised the participants of the projects CUTE (2001-2006), ECTOS (2001-2005) and STEP (2001-2005) which were pioneering demonstration projects for fuel cell bus fleets in Europe and Australia.

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Fuel Cell Development Information Center

The Fuel Cell Development Information Center (FCDIC) is a Japanese center established in July 1986 to exchange information among its members on fuel cell research, development and deployment to speed up the introduction and penetration of fuel cells into the market.

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Fuel cell forklift

A fuel cell forklift (also called a fuel cell lift truck or a fuel cell forklift) is a fuel cell powered industrial forklift truck used to lift and transport materials.

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Fuel cell vehicle

A fuel cell vehicle (FCV) or fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) is a type of electric vehicle which uses a fuel cell, instead of a battery, or in combination with a battery or supercapacitor, to power its on-board electric motor.

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Fuel Cells (journal)

Fuel Cells—From Fundamentals to Systems is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering fundamental and applied research on fuel cell technology.

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Fuel Cells and Hydrogen

Fuel cells and hydrogen may refer to.

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Fuel efficiency

Fuel efficiency is a form of thermal efficiency, meaning the ratio from effort to result of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier (fuel) into kinetic energy or work.

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FuelCell Energy

Fuel Cell Energy, Inc. is a global fuel cell power company.

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Fuji Electric

, operating under the brand name FE, is a Japanese electrical equipment company, manufacturing pressure transmitters, flowmeters, gas analyzers, controllers, inverters, pumps, generators, ICs, motors, and power equipment.

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Gas diffusion electrode

Gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) are electrodes with a conjunction of a solid, liquid and gaseous interface, and an electrical conducting catalyst supporting an electrochemical reaction between the liquid and the gaseous phase.

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Gasification

Gasification is a process that converts organic- or fossil fuel-based carbonaceous materials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

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Gastrobot

Gastrobot, meaning literally 'stomach robot', was a term coined in 1998 by the University of South Florida Institute's director, Dr.

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Gemini 2

Gemini 2 (Gemini-Titan 2; GT-2) was the second spaceflight of the American human spaceflight program Project Gemini.

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Gemini 5

Gemini 5 (officially Gemini V) With Gemini IV, NASA changed to Roman numerals for Gemini mission designations.

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Gemini 7

Gemini 7 (officially Gemini VII) With Gemini IV, NASA changed to Roman numerals for Gemini mission designations.

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General Motors

General Motors Company, commonly referred to as General Motors (GM), is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit that designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts, and sells financial services.

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General Motors EV1

The General Motors EV1 was an electric car produced and leased by General Motors from 1996 to 1999.

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General Motors Hy-wire

The Hy-wire (Hydrogen drive-by-wire) is a concept car from General Motors originally introduced in January 2002.

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Geoffrey Ballard

Geoffrey Ballard, CM, OBC (16 October 1932 – 2 August 2008) was a Canadian geophysicist and businessman.

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Geopsychrobacter electrodiphilus

Geopsychrobacter electrodiphilus is a species of bacteria, the type species of its genus.

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George W. Bush

George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009.

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Georgia Tech Research Institute

The Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is the nonprofit applied research arm of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia, United States.

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German submarine U-31 (S181)

U-31 (S181) is the first Type 212A submarine of the German Navy.

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German submarine U-32 (S182)

U-32 (S182) is the second Type 212A submarine of the German Navy.

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Gibbs–Donnan effect

The Gibbs–Donnan effect (also known as the Donnan's effect, Donnan law, Donnan equilibrium, or Gibbs–Donnan equilibrium) is a name for the behaviour of charged particles near a semi-permeable membrane that sometimes fail to distribute evenly across the two sides of the membrane.

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Glass-ceramic-to-metal seals

Glass-to-metal seals have been around for many years, with one of the most common uses being lamp bulb seals.

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Global Tungsten & Powders Corp.

Global Tungsten & Powders Corp. is a supplier for tungsten and molybdenum powders and specialty products.

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Glossary of fuel cell terms

The Glossary of fuel cell terms lists the definitions of many terms used within the fuel cell industry.

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GM HydroGen3

HydroGen3 is an Opel hydrogen fuel cell vehicle used for testing.

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GM HydroGen4

HydroGen4 is the successor of the fuel cell vehicle HydroGen3, developed by General Motors/Opel and presented in 2007 at the IAA in Frankfurt, Germany.

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GM Voltec powertrain

Voltec, formerly known as E-Flex, is a General Motors powertrain released in November 2010.

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Go-kart

A go-kart, also written as go-cart (often referred to as simply a kart), is a type of open-wheel car.

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Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles

Government incentives for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have been established by several national governments and local authorities around the world as a financial incentives to plug-in electric vehicle vehicles to consumers.

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GrafTech

GrafTech International Holdings Inc., commonly referred to as GrafTech, is a manufacturer of carbon and graphite products founded in 1886 and headquartered in Independence, Ohio.

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Grand Technion Energy Program

The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP) or Grand Technion Energy Program was established in 2007 at Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, which is Israel's first university, founded in 1912.

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Graphite

Graphite, archaically referred to as plumbago, is a crystalline allotrope of carbon, a semimetal, a native element mineral, and a form of coal.

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Graz University of Technology

Graz University of Technology (Technische Universität Graz, short TU Graz) is one of five universities in Styria, Austria.

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Green chip

Green chip are stocks in a companies in "green" or environmentally friendly industries or that operate in a socially responsible manner.

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Green nanotechnology

Green nanotechnology refers to the use of nanotechnology to enhance the environmental sustainability of processes producing negative externalities.

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Green vehicle

A green vehicle, or clean vehicle, or eco-friendly vehicle or environmentally friendly vehicle is a road motor vehicle that produces less harmful impacts to the environment than comparable conventional internal combustion engine vehicles running on gasoline or diesel, or one that uses certain alternative fuels.

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Gregory T. Linteris

Gregory Thomas Linteris, Ph.D. (born October 4, 1957 in Englewood, New Jersey) is an American scientist who flew as a payload specialist on two NASA Space Shuttle missions in 1997.

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Grid balancing

Grid balancing has become an important aspect for the power grid in matching the supply of energy to demand.

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Grid energy storage

Grid energy storage (also called large-scale energy storage) is a collection of methods used to store electrical energy on a large scale within an electrical power grid.

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GridPoint

GridPoint is a cleantech company that provides energy management and sustainability solutions for enterprises, government agencies, and utilities.

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Ground propulsion

Ground propulsion is any mechanism for propelling solid bodies along the ground, usually for the purposes of transportation.

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GT by Citroën

The GT by Citroën (sometimes spelled GTbyCitroën) is a sports car that debuted as a concept car on October 2 at the 2008 Paris Motor Show.

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GTRI Aerospace, Transportation and Advanced Systems Laboratory

The Aerospace, Transportation and Advanced Systems Laboratory (ATAS) is one of eight labs in the Georgia Tech Research Institute and one of three labs under the Sensors and Intelligent Systems directorate.

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Hamilton Standard

Hamilton Standard (Now UTC Aerospace Systems a.k.a. UTAS), an aircraft propeller parts supplier, was formed in 1929 when United Aircraft and Transport Corporation consolidated Hamilton Aero Manufacturing and Standard Steel Propeller into the Hamilton Standard Propeller Corporation.

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Helios Prototype

The Helios Prototype was the fourth and final aircraft developed as part of an evolutionary series of solar- and fuel-cell-system-powered unmanned aerial vehicles.

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Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium

Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium is a zoo in Omaha, Nebraska, located at 3701 South 10th Street.

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Hermes (spacecraft)

Hermes was a proposed spaceplane designed by the French Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) in 1975, and later by the European Space Agency (ESA).

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HEVT

The Hybrid Electric Vehicle Team of Virginia Tech, better known as HEVT, is a nationally recognized undergraduate student design team in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Virginia Tech.

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High-temperature electrolysis

High-temperature electrolysis (also HTE or steam electrolysis) is a technology for producing hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide from water and/or carbon dioxide with oxygen as a by-product.

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Hillsboro Fire Department

The Hillsboro Fire Department, also called Hillsboro Fire & Rescue, is the municipal fire department for the city of Hillsboro in the U.S. state of Oregon.

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History of electrochemistry

Electrochemistry, a branch of chemistry, went through several changes during its evolution from early principles related to magnets in the early 16th and 17th centuries, to complex theories involving conductivity, electric charge and mathematical methods.

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History of submarines

Beginning in ancient times, humans sought to operate under the water.

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History of technology

The history of technology is the history of the invention of tools and techniques and is similar to other sides of the history of humanity.

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History of the automobile

The early history of the automobile can be divided into a number of eras, based on the prevalent means of propulsion.

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Holman Moody

Holman-Moody was an American auto racing team, racecar manufacturer, and marine engine manufacturer.

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Home Energy Station

Home Energy Station is the name of Honda's heat and electricity generator for the home as well as a fuel provider for hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicles.

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Home fuel cell

A home fuel cell is a residential-scaled energy system based on fuel cell technology.

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Honda Clarity

The Honda Clarity is a nameplate used by Honda on alternative fuel vehicles.

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Honda FCX

The Honda FCX (commonly referred to as Fuel Cell eXperimental) is a family of hydrogen fuel cell automobiles manufactured by Honda.

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Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies

Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies is a company founded in 2003 in Singapore, serving a diverse range of industries with various fuel cell electric energy solutions and products.

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Hornblower Hybrid

The Hornblower Hybrid is a family of ferry boats belonging to US operator Hornblower Cruises, which are powered with hybrid power trains.

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Houston Advanced Research Center

The Houston Advanced Research Center, commonly referred to as HARC, is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization based in The Woodlands, Texas dedicated to improving human and ecosystem well-being through the application of sustainability science and principles of sustainable development.

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HTR-10

HTR-10 is a 10 MWt prototype pebble bed reactor at Tsinghua University in China.

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Human spaceflight

Human spaceflight (also referred to as crewed spaceflight or manned spaceflight) is space travel with a crew or passengers aboard the spacecraft.

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Hybrid electric vehicle

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain).

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Hybrid ferry

Hybrid ferries combine traditional diesel power with electric battery power, resulting in reductions in fossil fuel consumption, carbon emissions and other pollutants.

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Hybrid material

Hybrid materials are composites consisting of two constituents at the nanometer or molecular level.

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Hybrid power

Hybrid power are combinations between different technologies to produce power.

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Hybrid renewable energy system

Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are becoming popular as stand-alone power systems for providing electricity in remote areas due to advances in renewable energy technologies and subsequent rise in prices of petroleum products.

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Hybrid train

A hybrid train is a locomotive, railcar or train that uses an onboard rechargeable energy storage system (RESS), placed between the power source (often a diesel engine prime mover) and the traction transmission system connected to the wheels.

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Hybrid vehicle drivetrain

Hybrid vehicle drivetrains transmit power to the driving wheels for hybrid vehicles.

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Hydra (ship)

The Hydra is a 22-person hydrogen ship, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell.

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Hydrail

Hydrail is the generic (not capitalized) adjective term describing all forms of rail vehicles, large or small, which use on-board hydrogen as a source of energy to power the traction motors, or the auxiliaries, or both.

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Hydrazine

Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (also written), called diamidogen, archaically.

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Hydride

In chemistry, a hydride is the anion of hydrogen, H−, or, more commonly, it is a compound in which one or more hydrogen centres have nucleophilic, reducing, or basic properties.

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Hydrodesulfurization

Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur (S) from natural gas and from refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oils.

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Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.

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Hydrogen battery

Hydrogen battery may refer to.

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Hydrogen cycle

Anaerobic fermentation of organic substances to carbon dioxide and methane is a collaborative effort involving many different biochemical reactions, processes and species of microorganisms.

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Hydrogen economy

The hydrogen economy is a proposed system of delivering energy using hydrogen.

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Hydrogen energy vision and technology roadmap

The Hydrogen energy vision and technology roadmap is the roadmap of China initiated by the Ministry of Science and Technology, it makes hydrogen and fuel cell technologies important thematic priorities of the S&T development plan.

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Hydrogen fuel

Hydrogen fuel is a zero-emission fuel when burned with oxygen.

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Hydrogen highway

A hydrogen highway is a chain of hydrogen-equipped filling stations and other hydrogen infrastructure along a road or highway which would allow hydrogen powered cars to travel.

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Hydrogen highway (Japan)

Japan's hydrogen highway is a network of hydrogen filling stations placed along roadsides that provide fuel for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV).

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Hydrogen production

Hydrogen production is the family of industrial methods for generating hydrogen.

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Hydrogen purifier

A hydrogen purifier is a device to purify hydrogen if hydrogen production is done from hydrocarbon sources, the ultra-high purified hydrogen is needed for applications like PEM fuel cells.

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Hydrogen purity

Hydrogen purity or hydrogen quality is a term to describe the lack of impurities in hydrogen as a fuel gas.

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Hydrogen safety

Hydrogen safety covers the safe production, handling and use of hydrogen - particularly hydrogen gas fuel and liquid hydrogen.

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Hydrogen ship

A hydrogen ship is a hydrogen fueled ship, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell.

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Hydrogen station

A hydrogen station is a storage or filling station for hydrogen, usually located along a road or hydrogen highway, or at home as part of the distributed generation resources concept.

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Hydrogen storage

Methods of hydrogen storage for subsequent use span many approaches including high pressures, cryogenics, and chemical compounds that reversibly release H2 upon heating.

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Hydrogen sulfide sensor

A hydrogen sulfide sensor or H2S sensor is a gas sensor for the measurement of hydrogen sulfide.

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Hydrogen technologies

Hydrogen technologies are technologies that relate to the production and use of hydrogen.

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Hydrogen vehicle

A hydrogen vehicle is a vehicle that uses hydrogen as its onboard fuel for motive power.

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Hydrogen-powered aircraft

A hydrogen-powered aircraft is an aeroplane that uses hydrogen fuel as a power source.

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Hydrogenics

Hydrogenics is a developer and manufacturer of hydrogen generation and fuel cell products based on water electrolysis and proton exchange membrane (PEM) technology.

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Hyfish

Hyfish is a model hydrogen powered aeroplane developed by Koni Schafroth.

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Hyundai Aero City

The Hyundai Aero City (hangul:현대 에어로시티) is a heavy-duty single-decker bus built by Hyundai Motor Company and primarily used as a city bus and a intercity bus as either a complete bus or a bus chassis.

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Hyundai ix35 FCEV

The Hyundai ix35 FCEV or Tucson FCEV is a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle developed by Hyundai.

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Hyundai Nexo

The Hyundai Nexo is a hydrogen fuel cell powered crossover SUV that was revealed at the 2018 Consumer Electronics Show on January 8, 2018.

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Ian Fells

Ian Fells CBE, PhD, FREng, FRSC, FInstE, FIChemE, FRSE is Emeritus Professor of Energy Conversion at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, and former chairman of the "New and Renewable Energy Centre" at Blyth, Northumberland, England.

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Iceland

Iceland is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic, with a population of and an area of, making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.

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Iceland–India relations

Iceland–India relations refers to the bilateral relations between Iceland and India.

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Idaho Department of Commerce

The Idaho Department of Commerce is the lead economic development organization for the State of Idaho, a state located in the Northwestern United States.

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IFB-Stuttgart E-Genius

The e-Genius is a manned electric airplane, which was developed by the Institute of Aircraft Design at the University of Stuttgart and first flew in May 2011.

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Ignition interlock device

An ignition interlock device or breath alcohol ignition interlock device (IID or BAIID) is a breathalyzer for an individual's vehicle.

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Independent Energy Partners

Independent Energy Partners, Inc. (IEP) is an oil shale resources company based in Parker, Colorado, the United States.

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Index of chemical engineering articles

This is an alphabetical list of articles pertaining specifically to chemical engineering.

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Index of electronics articles

This is an index of articles relating to electronics and electricity or natural electricity and things that run on electricity and things that use or conduct electricity.

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Index of environmental articles

The natural environment, commonly referred to simply as the environment, includes all living and non-living things occurring naturally on Earth.

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Industrial applications of nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is impacting the field of consumer goods, several products that incorporate nanomaterials are already in a variety of items; many of which people do not even realize contain nanoparticles, products with novel functions ranging from easy-to-clean to scratch-resistant.

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Infinity Fluids

Infinity Fluids, founded in 1998, is a Massachusetts corporation which develops process and thermal systems for the fuel cell, pharmaceutical, industrial, and biotechnology industries.

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Intelligent Energy

Intelligent Energy is a fuel cell engineering company focused on the development and commercialisation of its PEM fuel cell technologies for a range of markets including automotive, stationary power and UAVs.

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Internal combustion engine

An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit.

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International Energy Agency Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme

The International Energy Agency Energy in Buildings and Communities (IEA-EBC) Programme, formerly known as the Energy in Buildings and Community Systems Programme (ECBCS), is one of the International Energy Agency’s Technology Collaboration Programmes (TCPs)International Energy Agency (IEA).

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International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy

International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy (IPHE) The International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy (IPHE) is an international collaborative initiative to accelerate the development and deployment of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies and enable the global energy security, environmental and economic benefits that these technologies can provide.

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Investor Network on Climate Risk

The Investor Network on Climate Risk is a network of investors and financial institutions that promotes better understanding of the financial risks and investment opportunities posed by climate change.

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Ion exchange

Ion exchange is an exchange of ions between two electrolytes or between an electrolyte solution and a complex.

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Ionic compound

In chemistry, an ionic compound is a chemical compound composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonding.

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ITM Power

ITM Power manufactures integrated hydrogen energy solutions to enhance the utilisation of renewable energy that would otherwise be wasted and specializes in electrolysers, and hydrogen for fuel cell products.

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ΜFluids@Home

μFluids@Home is a computer simulation of two-phase flow behavior in microgravity and microfluidics problems at Purdue University, using the Surface Evolver program.

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Janusz Tadeusz Cieśliński

Janusz Tadeusz Cieśliński was born on April 15, 1954 in Słupsk, Poland.

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Jürgen Warnatz

Jürgen Warnatz (31 May 1944 in Chemnitz – 22 December 2007 in Neckarsteinach) was a German physicist.

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Jim Lovell

James Arthur Lovell Jr. (born March 25, 1928) is a former NASA astronaut, Naval Aviator, and retired Navy captain.

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Jim Zheng

Jim P. Zheng is a Professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering at Florida State University.

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John Bockris

Bernhardt Patrick John O’Mara Bockris (5 January 1923 – 7 July 2013) was a professor in the physical sciences, chiefly electrochemistry.

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Johnson Matthey

Johnson Matthey is a British multinational speciality chemicals and sustainable technologies company headquartered in the United Kingdom.

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Joseph J. Romm

Joseph J. Romm (born June 27, 1960) is an American author, blogger, physicist and climate expert who advocates reducing greenhouse gas emissions and global warming and increasing energy security through energy efficiency, green energy technologies and green transportation technologies.

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Journal of Power Sources

The Journal of Power Sources is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of electrochemical energy conversion (like fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, and photo-electrochemical cells).

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K. R. Sridhar

K.

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Karl Kordesch

Karl Kordesch (18 March 1922 – 12 January 2011) was an Austrian chemist and inventor, most notable for jointly inventing the alkaline battery.

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Königstein Railway

The Königstein Railway (Königsteiner Bahn) is a 1902 opened, single-track and non-electrified secondary railway line that connects the town of Königstein im Taunus with the city of Frankfurt am Main on the southern edge of the Taunus in the German state of Hesse.

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Kenneth D. Cameron

Kenneth Donald Cameron (born November 29, 1949), (Col, USMC, Ret.), is a retired American naval aviator, test pilot, engineer, U.S. Marine Corps officer, and NASA astronaut.

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Kia Mohave

The Kia Mohave, marketed in North America as the Kia Borrego, is a sport-utility vehicle (SUV) manufactured by the South Korean-based Kia Motors.

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Kirchheim unter Teck

Kirchheim unter Teck is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, in the district of Esslingen.

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KU Ecohawks

The University of Kansas Sustainable Automotive Energy Infrastructure Initiative, or more commonly referred to as the KU Ecohawks (short for Ecofriendly Jayhawks) is an ongoing project that works to promote sustainability in the automotive sector.

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Lada-class submarine

Project 677 or Lada class (Russian: Лада; NATO Reporting Name: St. Petersburg class, after the name of the lead vessel) is the new advanced class of diesel-electric attack submarine designed by the Russian Rubin Design Bureau. A program to develop a "fourth generation" diesel-electric submarine, it aimed to produce a highly improved version of the Project 636 with much quieter, new combat systems, and possibly air-independent propulsion.

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Landfill gas utilization

Landfill gas utilization is a process of gathering, processing, and treating the methane gas emitted from decomposing garbage to produce electricity, heat, fuels, and various chemical compounds.

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Lange Aviation

Lange Aviation GmbH is a German company that manufactures gliders and develops electric power-plants for other aircraft.

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Lanny D. Schmidt

Lanny D. Schmidt (born May 6, 1938 in Waukegan, Illinois) is an American chemist, inventor, author, and Regents Professor of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at the University of Minnesota.

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Ländches Railway

The Ländches Railway (Ländchesbahn) is a single-track non-electrified branch railway line between Wiesbaden and Niedernhausen, in the Germany state of Hesse.

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LGAA UAVs

LGAA UAVs are Chinese experimental UAVs developed by Liaoning in Shenyang.

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Libra Group

The Libra Group, aka Libra Holdings, is a privately held international conglomerate operating in a variety of industries.

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Life-cycle greenhouse-gas emissions of energy sources

Measurement of life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions involves calculating the global-warming potential of electrical energy sources through life-cycle assessment of each energy source.

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Linda McMahon U.S. Senate campaign, 2010

Linda McMahon, formerly CEO of World Wrestling Entertainment, ran for U.S. Senator from Connecticut from September 16, 2009, to November 4, 2010.

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Liquid fuel

Liquid fuels are combustible or energy-generating molecules that can be harnessed to create mechanical energy, usually producing kinetic energy; they also must take the shape of their container.

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Liquid hydrogen

Liquid hydrogen (LH2 or LH2) is the liquid state of the element hydrogen.

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List of auto parts

This is a list of automotive parts mostly for vehicles using internal combustion engines which are manufactured components of automobiles.

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List of BMW vehicles

The following is a list of BMW automobiles and motorcycles, ordered by year of introduction.

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List of British innovations and discoveries

The following is a list and timeline of innovations as well as inventions and discoveries that involved British people or the United Kingdom including predecessor states in the history of the formation of the United Kingdom.

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List of chemists

This is a list of chemists.

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List of energy resources

These are modes of energy production, energy storage, or energy conservation, listed alphabetically.

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List of environmental organisations topics

This is a list of topics on which environmental organizations focus.

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List of fuel cell manufacturers

This is a partial list of companies currently producing commercially available fuel cell systems for use in residential, commercial, or industrial settings.

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List of fuel cell vehicles

A fuel cell vehicle is a vehicle that uses a fuel cell to power an electric drive system.

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List of German inventors and discoverers

---- This is a list of German inventors and discoverers.

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List of How It's Made episodes

How It's Made is a documentary television series that premiered on January 6, 2001 on the Discovery Channel (now known as Discovery Science in Canada, and Science in the UK and US.) The program is produced in the Canadian province of Quebec by Productions MAJ, Inc.

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List of inventors

This is a list of notable inventors.

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List of Japanese inventions and discoveries

This is a list of Japanese inventions and discoveries.

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List of low-emissions locomotives

The following is a list of diesel-electric locomotives that meet or exceed EPA Tier 2 locomotive emissions regulations, sorted by builder.

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List of Mercedes-Benz vehicles

The following is a List of Mercedes-Benz vehicles indexed by year of introduction.

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List of NASA aircraft

This is a list of NASA aircraft.

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List of power stations in Iran

By 2012, Iran had roughly 400 power plant units.

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List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama during 2013

This is a list of presidential trips made by Barack Obama during 2013, the fifth year of his presidency as the 44th President of the United States.

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List of prolific inventors

Thomas Alva Edison was widely known as the America's most prolific inventor, even after his death in 1931.

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List of UN numbers 3401 to 3500

The UN numbers from UN3401 to UN3500 as assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.

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List of University of Utah people

This list of University of Utah people includes notable alumni, non-graduate former students, faculty, staff, and former university presidents.

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List of unmanned aerial vehicles of China

This is a list of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, or 'drones'), of China.

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List of Washington University alumni

The following persons are well-known alumni, living and deceased, of Washington University in St. Louis.

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List of Welsh inventors

This is a list of people of Welsh origin who are recognised as innovators or inventors who have made notable contributions to technical or theoretical world advancements.

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Lithium aluminate

Lithium aluminate, also called lithium aluminium oxide, is an inorganic chemical compound, an aluminate of lithium.

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Lithium aluminium hydride

Lithium aluminium hydride, commonly abbreviated to LAH, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiAlH4.

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Lithium economy

The lithium economy is a concept analogous to other element-based economies, such as the hydrogen economy, methanol economy, ethanol economy, electron economy, vegetable oil economy, or liquid nitrogen economy but where the energy storage medium is lithium.

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Lithium–titanate battery

The lithium–titanate battery is a type of rechargeable battery which has the advantage of being faster to charge than other lithium-ion batteries.

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Livermore, California

Livermore (formerly Livermores, Livermore Ranch, and Nottingham) is a city in Alameda County, California, in the United States.

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Lolland Hydrogen Community

Denmark's first full-scale wind-Hydrogen energy plant and testing facility, the Lolland Hydrogen Community, began operation in May 2007.

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London Buses route 25

London Buses route 25 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England.

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London Buses route RV1

London Buses route RV1 is a Transport for London contracted bus route in London, England.

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London Green Fair

The London Green Fair (previously known as the Camden Green Fair) is an event that has been held on the first Sunday in June in Regent's Park in London, England, coinciding with World Environment Day.

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Low emission buses in London

There are 2,922 hybrid buses, 73 electric buses, and ten hydrogen buses currently operating in London, out of a total bus fleet of 9,549.

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Low-carbon fuel standard

A low-carbon fuel standard (LCFS) is a rule enacted to reduce carbon intensity in transportation fuels as compared to conventional petroleum fuels, such as gasoline and diesel.

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Luna Sea

Luna Sea (stylized as LUNA SEA) is a Japanese rock band formed in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1989.

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Magnolia, Arkansas

Magnolia is a city in Columbia County, Arkansas, United States.

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Maiden, North Carolina

Maiden is a town in Catawba and Lincoln counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina.

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Making Sweden an Oil-Free Society

In 2005 the government of Sweden appointed a commission to draw up a comprehensive programme to reduce Sweden's dependence on petroleum, natural gas and other ‘fossil raw materials’ by 2020.

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MAN Lion's City

The MAN Lion's City is a range of low-floor and low-entry public buses built by German truck and bus manufacturer MAN Truck & Bus (previously MAN Nutzfahrzeuge) since 1996 primarily for the European market, but is also available in chassis-only variants worldwide.

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Manned Orbiting Laboratory

The Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL), originally referred to as the Manned Orbital Laboratory, was part of the United States Air Force's manned spaceflight program, a successor to the cancelled Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar military reconnaissance space plane project.

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Marathon Capital

Marathon Capital is an independent investment bank delivering financial advice to the global energy and infrastructure markets.

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Martha Crawford Heitzmann

Martha Crawford (born September 30, 1967) is former head of research and innovation on the managing board of Areva, the French state-owned nuclear power conglomerate.

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MassCREST

MassCREST stands for Massachusetts Center for Renewable Energy Science and Technology at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

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Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces

The Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung) is located in Potsdam-Golm Science Park in Golm, Potsdam, Germany.

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MBTA Bus

The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority operates 177 bus routes (list of routes) in the Greater Boston area, many of which were formerly part of a large streetcar system.

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Membrane electrode assembly

A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is an assembled stack of proton exchange membranes (PEM) or alkali anion exchange membrane (AAEM), catalyst and flat plate electrode used in fuel cells and electrolyzers.

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Membrane technology

Membrane technology covers all engineering approaches for the transport of substances between two fractions with the help of permeable membranes.

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Membraneless Fuel Cells

Membraneless Fuel Cells convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy without the use of a conducting membrane as with other types of fuel cells.

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Menéndez Pelayo International University

Menéndez Pelayo International University ("UIMP" in Spanish) is a public university with administrative headquarters in Madrid and campuses in Santander, Valencia, Barcelona, Cartagena, Cuenca, Granada, La Línea de la Concepción, Seville and Tenerife.

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Mercedes-Benz Citaro

The Mercedes-Benz Citaro (or O530(G)) is a single-decker bus / articulated bus manufactured by Mercedes-Benz/EvoBus.

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Mercedes-Benz Cito

The Mercedes-Benz Cito (coded as O520) was a low-floor midibus built by EvoBus for Continental Europe between 1999 and 2003.

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Mercedes-Benz F-Cell

The F-Cell is a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle developed by Daimler AG.

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Metal hydride fuel cell

Metal hydride fuel cells are a subclass of alkaline fuel cells that are in the research and development phase.

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Metal–organic framework

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are compounds consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands to form one-, two-, or three-dimensional structures.

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Methanol economy

The methanol economy is a suggested future economy in which methanol and dimethyl ether replace fossil fuels as a means of energy storage, ground transportation fuel, and raw material for synthetic hydrocarbons and their products.

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Methanol reformer

A methanol reformer is a device used in chemical engineering, especially in the area of fuel cell technology, which can produce pure hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide by reacting a methanol and water (steam) mixture.

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Metro Detroit

The Detroit metropolitan area, often referred to as Metro Detroit, is a major metropolitan area in the U. S. State of Michigan, consisting of the city of Detroit and its surrounding area.

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Micro combined heat and power

Micro combined heat and power or micro-CHP or mCHP is an extension of the idea of cogeneration to the single/multi family home or small office building in the range of up to 50 kW.

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Microbial fuel cell

A microbial fuel cell (MFC), or biological fuel cell, is a bio-electrochemical system that drives an electric current by using bacteria and mimicking bacterial interactions found in nature.

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Microfabrication

Microfabrication is the process of fabricating miniature structures of micrometre scales and smaller.

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Microfluidics

Microfluidics deals with the behaviour, precise control and manipulation of fluids that are geometrically constrained to a small, typically sub-millimeter, scale at which capillary penetration governs mass transport.

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Microgeneration

Microgeneration is the small-scale generation of heat and electric power by individuals, small businesses and communities to meet their own needs, as alternatives or supplements to traditional centralized grid-connected power.

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Microgrid

Microgrid is a localized group of electricity sources and loads that normally operates connected to and synchronous with the traditional wide area synchronous grid (macrogrid), but can also disconnect to "island mode" — and function autonomously as physical and/or economic conditions dictate.

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Microheater

Microheaters are small high-power heaters, with precise control, that can offer temperatures in excess of 1000C, even up to 1900C.

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Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.

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Micropower

Micropower describes the use of very small electric generators and prime movers or devices to convert heat or motion to electricity, for use close to the generator.

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Mid America Off Road Association

The Mid America Off Road Association (MAORA) is an American off road racing sanctioning.

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Middlesex County Academy

The Middlesex County Academy for Science, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (also known as Edison Academy) is a four-year career academy and college preparatory magnet public high school located on the campus of the Middlesex County College in Edison, in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States, serving students in ninth through twelfth grades as part of the Middlesex County Vocational and Technical Schools.

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MIEV

MIEV (Mitsubishi In-wheel motor Electric Vehicle) or MiEV (Mitsubishi innovative Electric Vehicle), Mitsubishi Motors internally conducted interview, February 2005 is the name given by Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors (MMC) to its alternative propulsion technologies.

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Miniature UAV

A miniature UAV or small UAV (SUAV) is an unmanned aerial vehicle small enough to be man-portable.

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Mir (submersible)

Mir (Russian: "Мир", world or peace) is a self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.

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Mitsubishi Grandis

The Mitsubishi Grandis is a seven seat MPV built by Mitsubishi Motors to replace its Chariot/Space Wagon/Nimbus line.

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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

is a Japanese multinational engineering, electrical equipment and electronics company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.

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Mitsubishi Motors concept cars

Mitsubishi Motors concepts are those prototype and concept cars exhibited around the world by Mitsubishi Motors.

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Mohawk Innovative Technology

Mohawk Innovative Technology, Inc. is an American product and research and development technology company that develops oil-free foil bearings, magnetic bearings and non-contacting foil seals for high-speed rotating machinery, such as gas turbine engines, turbochargers, compressors, cryogenic pumps, variable high-speed motors/generators and machines.

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Molecular engineering

Molecular engineering is an emerging field of study concerned with the design and testing of molecular properties, behavior and interactions in order to assemble better materials, systems, and processes for specific functions.

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Molten carbonate fuel cell

Molten-carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) are high-temperature fuel cells that operate at temperatures of 600 °C and above.

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Molybdenum disulfide

Molybdenum disulfide is an inorganic compound composed of molybdenum and sulfur.

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Morgan LIFEcar

The Morgan LIFEcar (LIghtweight Fuel Efficient Car) was originally a fuel cell-powered electric vehicle project undertaken by Morgan Motor Company and startup company Riversimple.

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Morinobu Endo

Morinobu Endo (遠藤 守信 Endō Morinobu, born September 28, 1946) is a Japanese physicist and chemist, often cited as one of the pioneers of carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes synthesis at the beginning of the 1970s.

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Motorcycle components

Motorcycle components and systems for a motorcycle are engineered, manufactured, and assembled in order to produce motorcycle models with the desired performance, aesthetics, and cost.

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Motorcycle engine

A motorcycle engine is an engine that powers a motorcycle.

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Multimedia University Engineering Society Overseas Research Programme

MESCORP, originally an acronym for Multimedia University Engineering Society Overseas Research Programme, is an undergraduate-based research work which involves a field study initiated by Multimedia University's engineering students.

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Nafion

Nafion is a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer discovered in the late 1960s by Walther Grot of DuPont.

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Nanoelectronics

Nanoelectronics refer to the use of nanotechnology in electronic components.

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Nanofluid

A nanofluid is a fluid containing nanometer-sized particles, called nanoparticles.

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Nanoionics

Nanoionics is the study and application of phenomena, properties, effects and mechanisms of processes connected with fast ion transport (FIT) in all-solid-state nanoscale systems.

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Nanomaterial-based catalyst

Nanomaterial-based catalysts are usually heterogeneous catalysts broken up into metal nanoparticles in order to speed up the catalytic process.

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NASA Centurion

The NASA Centurion was the third aircraft developed as part of an evolutionary series of solar- and fuel-cell-system-powered unmanned aerial vehicles.

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NASA ERAST Program

The Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology, or ERAST program was a NASA program to develop cost-effective, slow-flying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that can perform long-duration science missions at altitudes above 60,000 feet.

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NASA Pathfinder

The NASA Pathfinder and NASA Pathfinder Plus were the first two aircraft developed as part of an evolutionary series of solar- and fuel-cell-system-powered unmanned aerial vehicles.

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NASA Sustainability Base

NASA Sustainability Base is a building at the Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California that was designed to exhibit and test the latest energy-saving technologies as part of the federal government's drive to eliminate fossil-fuel consumption in all new government buildings by 2030.

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National Clean Energy Business Plan Competition

The National Clean Energy Business Plan Competition (NCEBPC) is a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) program in six regions in the United States in Building Technologies, Advanced Manufacturing, Vehicle Technologies, Federal Energy Management Program, Weatherization and Intergovernmental, Biomass Program, Geothermal Technologies, Fuel Cells Technologies, Solar Energy Technologies and Wind and Hydropower Technologies, as recognized by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.

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National Design & Research Forum

National Design & Research Foundation (NDRF) is a premier Indian research and development organization promoting collaborative interdisciplinary research and development.

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National Middle School Science Bowl

The National Middle School Science Bowl is a middle school academic competition, similar to Quiz Bowl, held in the United States.

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National Science Bowl

The National Science Bowl (NSB) is a high school and middle school science knowledge competition using a quiz bowl format held in the United States.

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Natural gas

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.

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Nedjib (Ned) Djilali

Nedjib (Ned) Djilali (born August 1, 1953) is a Canadian engineering professor and researcher specializing in sustainable energy and thermofluid sciences.

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Neil Armstrong

Neil Alden Armstrong (August 5, 1930 – August 25, 2012) was an American astronaut and aeronautical engineer who was the first person to walk on the Moon.

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Nemo H2

The Nemo H2 is a passenger ship developed by Fuel Cell Boat for 88 people in Amsterdam for which the power for the electric motor is generated by a fuel cell on hydrogen.

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Net metering in New Mexico

Net metering in New Mexico is a set of state public policies that govern the relationship between solar customers (and customers with other types of renewable energy systems) and electric utility companies.

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New Brunswick Innovation Foundation

The New Brunswick Innovation Foundation (NBIF) is an agency that seeks to promote entrepreneurship in the Canadian province of New Brunswick by making venture capital investments in startup companies and funding applied research to developing new intellectual property.

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New Flyer Industries

NFI Group Inc. is a Canadian multinational automotive company specializing in the manufacturing of heavy-duty transit buses and motorcoaches and the distribution of aftermarket parts.

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New Haven, Connecticut

New Haven is a coastal city in the U.S. state of Connecticut.

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NGK

is a public company established in 1936 and based in Nagoya, Japan.

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Nick Abson

Nicholas Abson (born Michael Nicholas Drinan; 22 December 1946 in England), his parents were Pamela Mileece Drinan (née l'Anson) and Michael Patrick Drinan.

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Nickel oxides

Nickel forms a series of mixed oxide compounds which are commonly called nickelates.

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Nickel(II) oxide

Nickel(II) oxide is the chemical compound with the formula.

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Nickel–hydrogen battery

A nickel–hydrogen battery (NiH2 or Ni–H2) is a rechargeable electrochemical power source based on nickel and hydrogen.

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Nickel–iron battery

The nickel–iron battery (NiFe battery) is a rechargeable battery having nickel(III) oxide-hydroxide positive plates and iron negative plates, with an electrolyte of potassium hydroxide.

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Nicola Giordano

Nicola Giordano (Messina, 16 June 1931 – Messina, 10 May 1996) was an Italian scientist.

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Nicolas Wöhrl

Nicolas Wöhrl (born 25 April 1974 in Recklinghausen) is a German physicist, science communicator and podcaster.

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Nikola Motor Company

Nikola Motors is an American hybrid truck design company based in Salt Lake City, Utah that was founded in 2014.

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Niobium nitride

Niobium nitride is a compound of niobium and nitrogen (nitride) with the chemical formula NbN.

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Nissan Sentra

The Nissan Sentra is a car produced by Nissan since 1982.

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Nissan X-Trail

The Nissan X-Trail is a compact crossover produced by the Japanese automaker Nissan since 2000.

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No. 1 (yacht)

No.

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Nova ScienceNow

Nova ScienceNow (styled NOVA scienceNOW) is a spinoff of the long-running and venerable PBS science program Nova.

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Oberbruch Industry Park

Oberbruch Industry Park (German: Industriepark Oberbruch), is a former site of Akzo Nobel in Heinsberg, Germany's most western district, near the Dutch border.

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Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

The Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) is an office within the United States Department of Energy.

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Ontario electricity policy

Ontario electricity policy refers to plans, legislation, incentives, guidelines, and policy processes put in place by the Government of the Province of Ontario, Canada, to address issues of electricity production, distribution, and consumption.

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Oorja Fuel Cells

Oorja Fuel Cells (Oorja Protonics Inc) is an energy company that designs manufactures and commercializes direct methanol fuel cells for application in the logistics, automotive, distributed generation (micro-grid), and telecommunication industries.

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Opel Zafira

The Opel Zafira, also known as the Zafira Tourer since 2011, is a multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) produced by the German manufacturer Opel since the beginning of 1999.

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Open microfluidics

Microfluidics refers to the flow of fluid in channels or networks with at least one dimension on the micron scale.

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Operando spectroscopy

Operando spectroscopy is an analytical methodology wherein the spectroscopic characterization of materials undergoing reaction is coupled simultaneously with measurement of catalytic activity and selectivity.

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OPS 0855

OPS 0855, also designated OV4-3, was an American boilerplate Manned Orbiting Laboratory spacecraft launched in 1966.

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Organofluorine chemistry

Organofluorine chemistry describes the chemistry of the organofluorines, organic compounds that contain the carbon–fluorine bond.

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Outline of automobiles

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to automobiles: Automobile (or car) – wheeled passenger vehicle that carries its own motor.

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Outline of chemical engineering

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to chemical engineering: Chemical engineering – deals with the application of physical science (e.g., chemistry and physics), and life sciences (e.g., biology, microbiology and biochemistry) with mathematics and economics, to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms.

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Outline of energy storage

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to energy storage: Energy storage – accomplished by devices or physical media that store some form of energy to perform some useful operation at a later time.

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Oxygen sensor

An oxygen sensor (or lambda sensor) is an electronic device that measures the proportion of oxygen (O2) in the gas or liquid being analysed.

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Pac-car II

Pac-Car II was developed as a student project at ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology).

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Palladium

Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46.

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Partial oxidation

Partial oxidation (POX) is a type of chemical reaction.

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Paslode Impulse

Paslode Impulse is a trademarked name for a cordless nail gun.

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Period 5 element

A period 5 element is one of the chemical elements in the fifth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements.

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Permeation

In physics and engineering, permeation (also called imbuing) is the penetration of a permeate (such as a liquid, gas, or vapor) through a solid.

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Peugeot 207

The Peugeot 207 was a supermini produced by the French automaker Peugeot from 2006 to 2014.

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Peugeot H2Origin

The Peugeot Citroen H2Origin is an urban delivery vehicle powered by a fuel cell and electric powertrain.

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Peugeot Quark

Peugeot Quark is a concept car from Peugeot, rather like a four wheeled motorcycle/quad-bike.

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PHB (bicycle)

The PHB is a hydrogen bicycle, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell.

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Phoenix Towers (China)

The Phoenix Towers are proposed supertall skyscrapers planned for construction in Wuhan, China.

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Phosphoric acid fuel cell

Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC) are a type of fuel cell that uses liquid phosphoric acid as an electrolyte.

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Photochemical machining

Photochemical machining (PCM), also known as photochemical milling or photo etching, is a chemical milling process used to fabricate sheet metal components using a photoresist and etchants to corrosively machine away selected areas.

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Photohydrogen

Photohydrogen is hydrogen produced with the help of artificial or natural light This is how the leaf of a tree splits water molecules into protons (hydrogen ions), electrons (to make carbohydrates) and oxygen (released into the air as a waste product).

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Pierre Beuzit

Pierre Beuzit (born 1942) is a French engineer, and was responsible for the design of the Renault Clio in the 1990s.

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Pininfarina

Pininfarina S.p.A. (short for Carrozzeria Pininfarina) is an Italian car design firm and coachbuilder, with headquarters in Cambiano, (Metropolitan City of Turin), Italy.

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Pininfarina Sintesi

The Pininfarina Sintesi is a concept car designed by Pininfarina and unveiled in 2008 at Geneva Motor Show.

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Platinum

Platinum is a chemical element with symbol Pt and atomic number 78.

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Plug Power

Plug Power is an American company engaged in the design and manufacturing of hydrogen fuel cell systems that replace conventional batteries in equipment and vehicles powered by electricity.

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Plug-in electric vehicles in California

The stock of plug-in electric vehicles in California is the largest in the United States, with cumulative sales of 392,297 plug-in cars since 2008 through March 2018.

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Plug-in electric vehicles in Japan

, the fleet of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles in Japan ranked as the third largest in the world after China and the United States, with about 151,250 highway legal plug-in electric vehicles sold in the country since 2009.

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Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States

The adoption of plug-in electric vehicles in the United States is actively supported by the American federal government, and several state and local governments.

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Plug-in hybrid

A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid electric vehicle whose battery can be recharged by plugging it in to an external source of electric power as well by its on-board engine and generator.

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Political positions of George W. Bush

George W. Bush's political positions have been expressed in public statements, and through his actions as President of the United States.

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Political positions of Mitt Romney

The political positions of Mitt Romney have been recorded from his 1994 U.S. senatorial campaign, the 2002 gubernatorial election, during his 2003–2007 governorship, during his 2008 U.S. presidential campaign, in his 2010 book No Apology: The Case for American Greatness, and during his 2012 U.S. presidential campaign.

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Polybenzimidazole fiber

Polybenzimidazole (PBI, short for poly) fiber is a synthetic fiber with a very high melting point.

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Polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis is the electrolysis of water in a cell equipped with a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) that is responsible for the conduction of protons, separation of product gases, and electrical insulation of the electrodes.

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Polysulfide bromide battery

The polysulfide bromide battery (PSB), (sometimes polysulphide bromide), is a type of regenerative fuel cell involving a reversible electrochemical reaction between two salt-solution electrolytes: sodium bromide and sodium polysulfide.

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Portable emissions measurement system

A portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) is a vehicle emissions testing device that is small and light enough to be carried inside or moved with a motor vehicle that is being driven during testing, rather than on the stationary rollers of a dynamometer that only simulates real-world driving.

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Posco Energy

POSCO Energy is the largest private energy producer in South Korea.

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Potential applications of carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylinders of one or more layers of graphene (lattice).

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Power cell

Power cell may refer to.

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Power density

Power density (or volume power density or volume specific power) is the amount of power (time rate of energy transfer) per unit volume.

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Power inverter

A power inverter, or inverter, is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).

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Power supply

A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load.

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Power-to-weight ratio

Power-to-weight ratio (or specific power or power-to-mass ratio) is a calculation commonly applied to engines and mobile power sources to enable the comparison of one unit or design to another.

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Power-to-X

Power-to-X (also P2X and P2Y) has two meanings.

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Powered exoskeleton

A powered exoskeleton (also known as powered armor, power armor, exoframe, hardsuit, or exosuit) is a wearable mobile machine that is powered by a system of electric motors, pneumatics, levers, hydraulics, or a combination of technologies that allow for limb movement with increased strength and endurance.

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Pridgeon & Clay

Pridgeon & Clay provides metal stamping and fine-blank components, specializing in exhaust components for the automotive industry.

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Primary cell

A primary cell is a battery that is designed to be used once and discarded, and not recharged with electricity and reused like a secondary cell (rechargeable battery).

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Project Gemini

Project Gemini was NASA's second human spaceflight program.

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Project Nobska

Project Nobska was a 1956 summer study on anti-submarine warfare (ASW) for the United States Navy ordered by Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Arleigh Burke.

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Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells (PEMFC), are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuel-cell applications and portable fuel-cell applications.

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Protonic ceramic fuel cell

A protonic ceramic fuel cell or PCFC is a fuel cell based on a ceramic electrolyte material that exhibits high protonic conductivity at elevated temperatures.

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PROX

PROX is an acronym for PReferential OXidation, and refers to the preferential oxidation of a gas on a catalyst.

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PWM rectifier

PWM rectifier is an AC to DC power converter, that is implemented using forced commutated power electronic semiconductor switches.

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Quelet reaction

The Quelet reaction (also called the Blanc–Quelet reaction) is an organic coupling reaction in which a phenolic ether reacts with an aliphatic aldehyde to generate an α-chloroalkyl derivative.

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Radioisotope thermoelectric generator

A Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG, RITEG) is an electrical generator that uses an array of thermocouples to convert the heat released by the decay of a suitable radioactive material into electricity by the Seebeck effect.

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Railpower GG20B

The Railpower GG20B Green Goat is a low-emissions diesel hybrid switcher locomotive built by Railpower Technologies Corp. It is powered by a single Caterpillar C9 six cylinder inline engine developing, which is also connected to a large battery bank where both sources combine for a total power output of.

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Range extender (vehicle)

A range extender vehicle is a battery electric vehicle that includes an auxiliary power unit (APU) known as a 'range extender'.

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Rare-earth element

A rare-earth element (REE) or rare-earth metal (REM), as defined by IUPAC, is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides, as well as scandium and yttrium.

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Raymond Gorte

Raymond John Gorte is an American chemical engineer, currently the Russel Pearce and Elizabeth Crimian Heuer Endowed Professor Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (CBE) and Materials Science & Engineering (MSE) at the University of Pennsylvania.

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RC circuit

A resistor–capacitor circuit (RC circuit), or RC filter or RC network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and capacitors driven by a voltage or current source.

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Reacting Gas Dynamics Laboratory

The Reacting Gas Dynamics Laboratory (RGD) is a research facility at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Rechargeable battery

A rechargeable battery, storage battery, secondary cell, or accumulator is a type of electrical battery which can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times, as opposed to a disposable or primary battery, which is supplied fully charged and discarded after use.

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Reformed methanol fuel cell

Reformed Methanol Fuel Cell (RMFC) or Indirect Methanol Fuel Cell (IMFC) systems are a subcategory of proton-exchange fuel cells where, the fuel, methanol (CH3OH), is reformed, before being fed into the fuel cell.

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Refrigerator truck

A refrigerator truck is a van or truck designed to carry perishable freight at specific temperatures.

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Regenerative brake

Regenerative braking is an energy recovery mechanism which slows a vehicle or object by converting its kinetic energy into a form which can be either used immediately or stored until needed.

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Regenerative fuel cell

A regenerative fuel cell or reverse fuel cell (RFC) is a fuel cell run in reverse mode, which consumes electricity and chemical B to produce chemical A. By definition, the process of any fuel cell could be reversed.

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Reinventing Fire

Reinventing Fire: Bold Business Solutions for the New Energy Era is a 2011 book, by Amory B. Lovins and the Rocky Mountain Institute, that explores converting the United States to almost total reliance on renewable energy sources, such as solar energy and wind power.

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Renewable energy

Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.

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Renewable Energy Certificate (United States)

Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), also known as Green tags, Renewable Energy Credits, Renewable Electricity Certificates, or Tradable Renewable Certificates (TRCs), are tradable, non-tangible energy commodities in the United States that represent proof that 1 megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity was generated from an eligible renewable energy resource (renewable electricity) and was fed into the shared system of power lines which transport energy.

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Renewable energy in Iceland

About 85% of the total primary energy supply in Iceland is derived from domestically produced renewable energy sources.

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Renewable energy in Scotland

The production of renewable energy in Scotland is an issue that has come to the fore in technical, economic, and political terms during the opening years of the 21st century.

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Research Institute of Petroleum Industry

The Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, also known as NIOC-RIPI, often shortened to RIPI (پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت) is a governmental research institute founded in 1959 in Tehran, Iran and is affiliated with National Iranian Oil Company.

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Respirometry

Respirometry is a general term that encompasses a number of techniques for obtaining estimates of the rates of metabolism of vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, tissues, cells, or microorganisms via an indirect measure of heat production (calorimetry).

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Reversed electrodialysis

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is the salinity gradient energy retrieved from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water.

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Risø DTU National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy

Risø DTU National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy (Risø DTU Nationallaboratoriet for Bæredygtig Energi) was a scientific research organization north of Roskilde, Denmark.

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Riversimple

Riversimple is a United Kingdom-based car manufacturer of hydrogen-powered fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs).

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Riversimple Urban Car

The Riversimple Urban Car is a conceptual open source hydrogen fuel cell vehicle that was proposed by Hugo Spowers' company, Riversimple, in 2009.

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RMIT Platform Technologies Research Institute

The RMIT Platform Technologies Research Institute was a major research institute of RMIT University.

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RobecoSAM

RobecoSAM is an international investment company with a specific focus on sustainability investments.

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Robocasting

Robocasting or Direct Ink Writing (DIW) is an additive manufacturing technique in which a filament of a paste (known as an 'ink', as per the analogy with conventional printing) is extruded from a small nozzle while the nozzle is moved across a platform.

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Ross Barlow

The canal boat Ross Barlow is a hybrid hydrogen narrowboat, power-assisted by an electric motor whose electricity is supplied by a fuel cell or a battery.

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Rotating ring-disk electrode

A rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) is double working electrode used in hydrodynamic voltammetry, very similar to a rotating disk electrode (RDE).

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Ruthenium(IV) oxide

Ruthenium(IV) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula RuO2.

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S-80-class submarine

The S-80 Plus class (or Isaac Peral class) are a series of advanced technology submarines, initially of four units, which are already in production by the Spanish company Navantia in its Cartagena factory, with possible expansion to six units.

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Saiful Islam (professor)

M.

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Saint-Gobain

Saint-Gobain S.A. is a French multinational corporation, founded in 1665 in Paris and headquartered on the outskirts of Paris, at La Défense and in Courbevoie.

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Santa Rita Jail

Santa Rita Jail is a county jail located in Dublin, Alameda County, California adjacent to the Camp Parks Reserve Forces Training Area, and operated by the Alameda County Sheriff's Office.

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Scanning electrochemical microscopy

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a technique within the broader class of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) that is used to measure the local electrochemical behavior of liquid/solid, liquid/gas and liquid/liquid interfaces.

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Scanning transmission electron microscopy

A scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is a type of transmission electron microscope (TEM).

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Schempp-Hirth Quintus

The Schempp-Hirth Quintus is a single-seat 23 metre Open-Class glider built by Schempp-Hirth.

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Scooter (motorcycle)

A scooter (also referred to as a motor scooter to avoid confusion with kick scooter, but not to be confused with a motorized scooter) is a type of motorcycle with a step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet.

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Second-generation biofuels

Second-generation biofuels, also known as advanced biofuels, are fuels that can be manufactured from various types of non-food biomass.

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Section 1603 grants

Section 1603 of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Tax Act (ARRTA) was a green energy subsidy program created by Congress and signed into law as a part of the 2009 stimulus package.

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Service module

A service module (or equipment module) is a spacecraft compartment containing a variety of support systems used for spacecraft operations.

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Shale oil extraction

Shale oil extraction is an industrial process for unconventional oil production.

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Shell Eco-marathon

Shell Eco-marathon is a world-wide energy efficiency competition sponsored by Shell.

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Shetland

Shetland (Old Norse: Hjaltland), also called the Shetland Islands, is a subarctic archipelago of Scotland that lies northeast of Great Britain.

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Shuttle–Mir Program

The Shuttle–Mir Program was a collaborative space program between Russia and the United States, which involved American Space Shuttles visiting the Russian space station Mir, Russian cosmonauts flying on the shuttle, and an American astronaut flying aboard a Soyuz spacecraft to engage in long-duration expeditions aboard Mir.

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Siemens Mireo

The Siemens Mireo is a family of electric multiple units (EMU) designed by Siemens Mobility.

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Silver-oxide battery

A silver-oxide battery (IEC code: S) is a primary cell with a very high energy-to-weight ratio.

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Single-walled carbon nanohorn

Single-walled carbon nanohorn (SWNH or SWCNH) is the name given by Sumio Iijima and colleagues in 1999 to horn-shaped sheath aggregate of graphene sheets.

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Skybreaker

Skybreaker, sequel to Airborn, is a fantasy novel for young adults and adolescents written by Canadian author Kenneth Oppel.

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Skylab

Skylab was the United States' space station that orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979, when it fell back to Earth amid huge worldwide media attention.

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Small stationary reformer

A small stationary reformer is an on-site device used for the production of hydrogen from hydrocarbons on a small scale.

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Smith Electric Vehicles

Smith Electric Vehicles (also known as Smith's) is a manufacturer of zero emission commercial electric vehicles.

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Sodium hydride

Sodium hydride is the chemical compound with the empirical formula NaH.

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Solar vehicle

A solar vehicle is an electric vehicle powered completely or significantly by direct solar energy.

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Solar–hydrogen energy cycle

Solar–hydrogen energy cycle is an energy cycle where a solar powered electrolyzer is used to convert water to hydrogen and oxygen.

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Solid acid fuel cell

Solid acid fuel cells (SAFCs) are a class of fuel cells characterized by the use of a solid acid material as the electrolyte.

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Solid oxide electrolyser cell

A solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) is a solid oxide fuel cell that runs in regenerative mode to achieve the electrolysis of water (and/or carbon dioxide) by using a solid oxide, or ceramic, electrolyte to produce hydrogen gas (and/or carbon monoxide) and oxygen.

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Solid oxide fuel cell

A solid oxide fuel cell (or SOFC) is an electrochemical conversion device that produces electricity directly from oxidizing a fuel.

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Solid state ionics

Solid-state ionics is the study of mixed ionic-electronic and fully ionic conductors (solid electrolytes) and their uses.

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Sonar

Sonar (originally an acronym for SOund Navigation And Ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels.

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Sonoelectrochemistry

Sonoelectrochemistry is the application of ultrasound in electrochemistry.

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Sossina M. Haile

Sossina M. Haile (born July 28, 1966) is an Ethiopian-American chemist, known for developing the first solid acid fuel cells.

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South Carolina Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Alliance

The South Carolina Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Alliance (SCHFCA) is a Public-private collaborative with a mission of advancing the commercialization of hydrogen fuel cell technologies in the state of South Carolina.

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South East England

South East England is the most populous of the nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes.

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South Gare Lighthouse

South Gare Lighthouse was built in 1884 at the end of the breakwater at South Gare north west of Redcar in North Yorkshire and in north eastern England.

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South Windsor High School

South Windsor High School is located in South Windsor, Connecticut.

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Southeastern United States

The Southeastern United States (Sureste de Estados Unidos, Sud-Est des États-Unis) is the eastern portion of the Southern United States, and the southern portion of the Eastern United States.

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Soyuz 7K-LOK

The Soyuz 7K-LOK, or simply LOK (translit meaning "Lunar Orbital Craft") was a Soviet manned spacecraft designed to launch men from Earth to orbit the Moon, developed in parallel to the 7K-L1.

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Space capsule

A space capsule is an often manned spacecraft which has a simple shape for the main section, without any wings or other features to create lift during atmospheric reentry.

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Space Shuttle Enterprise

Space Shuttle Enterprise (Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-101) was the first orbiter of the Space Shuttle system.

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Space Shuttle orbiter

The Space Shuttle orbiter was the spaceplane component of the Space Shuttle, a partially reusable orbital spacecraft system that was part of the Space Shuttle program.

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St. Andrew's Episcopal School (Amarillo, Texas)

St.

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Stand-alone power system

A stand-alone power system (SAPS or SPS), also known as remote area power supply (RAPS), is an off-the-grid electricity system for locations that are not fitted with an electricity distribution system.

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Stanford R. Ovshinsky

Stanford Robert Ovshinsky (November 24, 1922 – October 17, 2012) was an American inventor and scientist who over a span of fifty years was granted well over 400 patents, mostly in the areas of energy and information.

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Stanley Meyer's water fuel cell

The water fuel cell is a technical design of a "perpetual motion machine" created by American Stanley Allen Meyer (August 24, 1940 – March 20, 1998).

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Stark State College

Stark State College, also known as Stark State, is a public college located in Stark County, Ohio, United States.

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Stationary fuel-cell applications

Stationary fuel-cell applications (or stationary fuel-cell power systems) are applications for fuel cells that are either connected to the electric grid (distributed generation) to provide supplemental power and as emergency power system for critical areas, or installed as a grid-independent generator for on-site service.

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Steam reforming

Steam reforming is a method for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or other useful products from hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas.

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Stockton University

Stockton University, located in Galloway Township in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States, is a public undergraduate and graduate university of the arts, sciences and professional studies of the New Jersey state system of higher education.

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Striker Z

Striker Z is a fictional superhero published by DC Comics.

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STS-121

STS-121 was a 2006 NASA Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle '' Discovery''.

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STS-2

STS-2 was the second Space Shuttle mission conducted by NASA, and the second flight of the orbiter ''Columbia''.

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STS-3xx

No description.

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STS-51

STS-51 was a Space Shuttle ''Discovery'' mission that launched the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) in September 1993.

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STS-83

STS-83 was a mission of the United States Space Shuttle ''Columbia''.

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STS-87

STS-87 was a Space Shuttle mission launched from Launch Complex 39B of the Kennedy Space Center on 19 November 1997.

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Submarine

A submarine (or simply sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.

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Sugar battery

A sugar battery is an enzymatic biofuel cell that uses a maltodextrin solution as a fuel to directly generate electricity.

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Sugizo

, born, better known exclusively by his stage name Sugizo, is a Japanese musician, singer, songwriter, composer, record producer, actor, writer and activist.

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Sulfonic acid

A sulfonic acid (or sulphonic acid) refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula R−S(.

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Sunetric

Sunetric is a Hawaii-based photovoltaic solar power company that performs consultation, design, and installation of photovoltaic systems for residential, commercial, military, and non-profit customers.

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Sunny Sanwar

Sahibzada Sanwar Azam Sunny (সানওয়ার আজম সানি, born 17 December 1989) is a Bangladeshi-born artist, environmental activist and social entrepreneur.

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Supercapacitor

A supercapacitor (SC) (also called a supercap, ultracapacitor or Goldcap) is a high-capacity capacitor with capacitance values much higher than other capacitors (but lower voltage limits) that bridge the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries.

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Surface science

Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid–liquid interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid–gas interfaces.

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Suzuki

is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Minami-ku, Hamamatsu, that manufactures automobiles, four-wheel drive vehicles, motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), outboard marine engines, wheelchairs and a variety of other small internal combustion engines.

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Suzuki Burgman

The Burgman series of scooters (known in Japan as Skywave) is produced by Suzuki with engine capacities from 125 cc up to 638 cc.

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Tactile sensor

A tactile sensor is a device that measures information arising from physical interaction with its environment.

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Taleghan solar hydrogen energy system

The Taleghan solar hydrogen energy system is a stand-alone photovoltaic–hydrogen demonstration project in Taleghan, Qazvin Province, Iran.

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Tanaka Kikinzoku

The Tanaka Kikinzoku Group, founded in 1885, is a Japanese manufacturer of precious metals materials focusing mainly on products for the electronics, semiconductor and automotive industries.

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Taunus Railway (High Taunus)

The Taunus Railway in the High Taunus (German: Taunusbahn (Hochtaunus)) is a railway route between Frankfurt (Main) Hauptbahnhof and Brandoberndorf via Bad Homburg, Usingen and Grävenwiesbach.

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Taylor Farms

Taylor Fresh Foods (known as Taylor Farms) is an American-based producer of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.

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Technogaianism

Technogaianism (a portmanteau word combining "techno-" for technology and "gaian" for Gaia philosophy) is a bright green environmentalist stance of active support for the research, development and use of emerging and future technologies to help restore Earth's environment.

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Technological and industrial history of 21st-century Canada

The technological and industrial history of Canada encompasses the country's development in the areas of transportation, communication, energy, materials, public works, public services (health care), domestic/consumer and defense technologies.

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Technological change

Technological change (TC), technological development, technological achievement, or technological progress is the overall process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes.

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Terbium

Terbium is a chemical element with symbol Tb and atomic number 65.

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Terence Fox

Terence Robert Corelli Fox (2 May 1912 – 5 October 1962), often called T.R.C. Fox, was a notable British chemical engineer.

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Terminator (character)

The Terminator (also known as T-800 and T-850) is a fictional character from the ''Terminator'' franchise portrayed by both Arnold Schwarzenegger and numerous actor stand-ins digitally overlaid with Schwarzenegger's likeness.

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Tetranitrogen

Tetranitrogen is a neutrally charged polynitrogen allotrope of the chemical formula and consists of four nitrogen atoms.

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The Clean Tech Revolution

The Clean Tech Revolution: The Next Big Growth and Investment Opportunity is a 2007 book by Ron Pernick and Clint Wilder, who say that commercializing clean technologies is a profitable enterprise that is moving steadily into mainstream business.

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The Hype about Hydrogen

The Hype about Hydrogen: Fact and Fiction in the Race to Save the Climate is a book by Joseph J. Romm, published in 2004 by Island Press and updated in 2005.

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The Octagon (Roosevelt Island)

The Octagon, built in 1834, is a historic octagonal building and attached apartment block complex located at 888 Main Street on Roosevelt Island in New York City.

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The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World

The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World is an international bestselling book by energy expert Daniel Yergin.

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The School for Renewable Energy Science

RES - The School for Renewable Energy Science (Icelandic: RES - Orkuskólinn) is a private, non-profit, international graduate school located in the city of Akureyri in northern Iceland and shares its facilities with the University of Akureyri.

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Thermal efficiency

In thermodynamics, the thermal efficiency (\eta_ \) is a dimensionless performance measure of a device that uses thermal energy, such as an internal combustion engine, a steam turbine or a steam engine, a boiler, furnace, or a refrigerator for example.

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Thermochemical cycle

Thermochemical cycles combine solely heat sources (thermo) with chemical reactions to split water into its hydrogen and oxygen components.

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Thin-film composite membrane

Thin-film composite membranes (TFC or TFM) are semipermeable membranes manufactured principally for use in water purification or water desalination systems.

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Timeline of historic inventions

The timeline of historic inventions is a chronological list of particularly important or significant technological inventions and the people who created the inventions.

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Timeline of hydrogen technologies

This is a timeline of the history of hydrogen technology.

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Timeline of STS-121

This is the timeline for STS-121, the mission to the ISS.

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Tortuosity

Tortuosity is a property of curve being tortuous (twisted; having many turns).

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Toyota

, usually shortened to Toyota, is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan.

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Toyota concept vehicles, 1990–99

Unveiled in 1991, the Avalon was a concept vehicle designed by Calty.

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Toyota concept vehicles, 2000–09

The Toyota ES3 (Eco Spirit cubed) was a concept car made by Toyota in 2001.

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Toyota eCom

The Toyota eCom was an electric vehicle (EV) that Toyota first demonstrated at the 1997 Tokyo Motor Show.

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Toyota FCHV

The Toyota FCHV is a current hybrid hydrogen fuel cell vehicle development programme of the Toyota Motor Corporation, which was leased to a limited number of drivers in the United States and Japan beginning in 2002.

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Toyota Fine

The Toyota Fine (Fuel cell INnovation Emotion) or FINE, is a series of concept cars from the Toyota Motor Corporation which use fuel cell technology.

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Toyota Mirai

The Toyota Mirai (from, Japanese for "future") is a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle manufactured by Toyota, one of the first such vehicles to be sold commercially.

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Traction motor

A traction motor is an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, such as an electric locomotive or electric roadway vehicle.

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Train

A train is a form of transport consisting of a series of connected vehicles that generally runs along a rail track to transport cargo or passengers.

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Trams in Oranjestad

The Oranjestad Streetcar (Tram van Oranjestad) is a single-track tram line in Oranjestad, the capital city of Aruba.

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Transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers

Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers are atomically thin semiconductors of the type MX2, with M a transition metal atom (Mo, W, etc.) and X a chalcogen atom (S, Se, or Te).

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Transition metal dioxygen complex

Dioxygen complexes are coordination compounds that contain O2 as a ligand.

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Transport in Hamburg

Transport in Hamburg comprises an extensive, rail system, subway system, airports and maritime services for the more than 1.8 million inhabitants of the city of Hamburg and 5.3 million people in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region.

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Triple phase boundary

A triple phase boundary (TPB) is a region of contact between three different phases.

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Triple-hybrid

Triple-hybrid is a registered trademark (German Trademark DE 307 68 078, European Community trademark application CTM 010704237) of the German company Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbH which is used to designate a special drive system that has been developed and patented by Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbH (European Patent EP 1 868 837 B1).

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Trucking industry in the United States

The trucking industry serves the American economy by transporting large quantities of raw materials, works in process, and finished goods over land—typically from manufacturing plants to retail distribution centers.

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Tuckerboot (hydrogen)

A Tuckerboot on hydrogen is an 8-person ship, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell.

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Turbocharger

A turbocharger, or colloquially turbo, is a turbine-driven forced induction device that increases an internal combustion engine's efficiency and power output by forcing extra air into the combustion chamber.

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Type 212 submarine

The German Type 212 class, also Italian Todaro class, is a highly advanced design of non-nuclear submarine developed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG (HDW) for the German and Italian navies.

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Type 214 submarine

The Type 214 is a diesel-electric submarine developed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH (HDW).

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U-boat

U-boat is an anglicised version of the German word U-Boot, a shortening of Unterseeboot, literally "undersea boat".

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Ultrasonic welding

Ultrasonic welding is an industrial technique whereby high-frequency ultrasonic acoustic vibrations are locally applied to workpieces being held together under pressure to create a solid-state weld.

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Umicore

Umicore N.V..

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Uninterruptible power supply

An uninterruptible power supply or uninterruptible power source (UPS) is an electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source or mains power fails.

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United States biofuel policies

United States policy in regard to biofuels, such as ethanol fuel and biodiesel, began in the early 1990s as the government began looking more intensely at biofuels as a way to reduce dependence on foreign oil and increase the nation's overall sustainability.

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Unitized regenerative fuel cell

A unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC) is a fuel cell based on the proton exchange membrane which can do the electrolysis of water in regenerative mode and function in the other mode as a fuel cell recombining oxygen and hydrogen gas to produce electricity.

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University of Connecticut

The University of Connecticut (UConn) is a public land grant, National Sea Grant and National Space Grant research university in Storrs, Connecticut, United States.

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University of Edinburgh School of Chemistry

The School of Chemistry is an academic unit of the University of Edinburgh, in Scotland, The research rating of the 2008 RAE was one of the highest in the UK.

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Unmanned aerial vehicle

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot aboard.

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UQM Technologies

UQM Technologies Inc is an American manufacturer of electrical motors, generators, motor controllers, fuel cell compressor systems and hybrid systems for passenger and commercial vehicles.

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Urea

Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2.

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UTC Power

UTC Power was a fuel cell company based in South Windsor, Connecticut.

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Vahid Motevalli

Vahid Motevalli is Associate Dean of Engineering for Research and Innovation and Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Tennessee Technological University in Cookeville, Tennessee (2013–present).

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Van Hool

Van Hool NV is a Belgian family-owned coachbuilder and manufacturer of buses, coaches, trolleybuses, and trailers.

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Vanadium redox battery

The vanadium redox battery (VRB), also known as vanadium flow battery (VFB) or vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), is a type of rechargeable flow battery that employs vanadium ions in different oxidation states to store chemical potential energy.

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Vehicle

A vehicle (from vehiculum) is a machine that transports people or cargo.

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Vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays

Vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays or VANTAs are a unique microstructure consisting of carbon nanotubes oriented along their longitudinal axes normal to a substrate surface.

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Viaspace

Viaspace is a clean energy company focused on commercializing technologies from NASA, Caltech, University of Southern California and the United States Department of Defense.

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Vickers Valiant

The Vickers-Armstrongs Valiant was a British four-jet high-altitude bomber, and was part of the Royal Air Force's V bomber nuclear force in the 1950s and 1960s.

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Viessmann

The Viessmann Group is an international manufacturer of heating, industrial, and refrigeration systems manufacturer headquartered in Allendorf (Eder), Germany.

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Vinylphosphonic acid

Vinylphosphonic acid is an organophosphorus compound with the formula C2H3PO3H2.

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Vinylsulfonic acid

Vinylsulfonic acid is the organosulfur compound with the formula CH2.

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Viologen

Viologens are organic compounds with the formula (C5H4NR)2n+.

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Volkswagen Tiguan

The Volkswagen Tiguan is a compact crossover vehicle (CUV) manufactured by German automaker Volkswagen.

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Volkswagen Up

The Volkswagen Up (stylized as Volkswagen up!) is a city car, part of the Volkswagen Group New Small Family (NSF) series of models, unveiled at the 2011 International Motor Show Germany (IAA).

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Walkaway (Doctorow novel)

Walkaway is an adult science fiction novel by Cory Doctorow, published by Head of Zeus and Tor Books in April 2017.

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Wan Gang

Wan Gang (born August 1952) is a Chinese expert on automobiles, former president of Tongji University (2002–2007) and the Minister of Science and Technology.

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Waste-to-energy

Waste-to-energy (WtE) or energy-from-waste (EfW) is the process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the primary treatment of waste, or the processing of waste into a fuel source.

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Water splitting

Water splitting is the general term for a chemical reaction in which water is separated into oxygen and hydrogen.

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Water-fuelled car

A water-fuelled car is an automobile that hypothetically derives its energy directly from water.

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Water-gas shift reaction

The water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) describes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen (the mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (not water) is known as water gas): The water gas shift reaction was discovered by Italian physicist Felice Fontana in 1780.

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Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology

The Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN) is located at the University of Waterloo and is co-located with the Institute for Quantum Computing in the Mike and Ophelia Lazaridis Quantum-Nano Centre (QNC).

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Western Connecticut State University

Western Connecticut State University (also known as Western, Western Connecticut, Western Connecticut State, WestConn, and WCSU) is a public university located in Danbury, Connecticut, United States.

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Who Killed the Electric Car?

Who Killed the Electric Car? is a 2006 documentary film that explores the creation, limited commercialization, and subsequent destruction of the battery electric vehicle in the United States, specifically the General Motors EV1 of the mid-1990s.

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William C. Pfefferle

William C. Pfefferle (April 24, 1923 – December 28, 2010) was an American scientist and inventor.

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William Clay Ford Jr.

William Clay Ford Jr. (born May 3, 1957) is an American businessman, serving as executive chairman of Ford Motor Company.

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William Conan Davis

William Conan Davis (born August 22, 1926) is a professor emeritus and was chair of natural sciences at St. Philip's College in San Antonio, Texas.

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William Robert Grove

Sir William Robert Grove, PC, FRS FRSE (11 July 1811 – 1 August 1896) was a Welsh judge and physical scientist.

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Wind hybrid power systems

Wind hybrid power systems combines wind turbines with other storage and/or generation sources.

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Woking Park

Woking Park is a large park and leisure complex in Woking, Surrey, operated and maintained by Woking Borough Council.

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Wood gas

Wood gas is a syngas fuel which can be used as a fuel for furnaces, stoves and vehicles in place of gasoline, diesel or other fuels.

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Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) is a private research university in Worcester, Massachusetts, focusing on the instruction and research of technical arts and applied sciences.

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World Energy Engineering Congress

The World Energy Engineering Congress (WEEC) is an international energy industry conference and exposition hosted annually by the Association of Energy Engineers.

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World Hydrogen Energy Conference

World Hydrogen Energy Conference (WHEC) is a series of international events covering the complex issues of utilizing hydrogen as an energy carrier.

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World Renewable Energy Network

WREN is a major non-profit organization registered in the United Kingdom with charitable status and affiliated to UNESCO, the Deputy Director General of which is its honorary President.

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Wright Pulsar

The Wright Pulsar is a single-decker bus body that was built by Wrightbus in Ballymena of Northern Ireland for the VDL SB200 lightweight single-decker bus chassis between 2006 and 2014.

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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique that measures the elemental composition at the parts per thousand range, empirical formula, chemical state and electronic state of the elements that exist within a material.

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Xperiance NX hydrogen

The Xperiance NX hydrogen is a 12-person hydrogen ship, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell.

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Yacht XV 1 (hydrogen)

The 42' sailboat known as the XV/1 was intended to demonstrate Haveblue LLC's patented technology for the production, storage, and use of hydrogen on board a marine vessel.

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Yakushima

is one of the Ōsumi Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

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Yue Qi

Yue Qi is a computational materials scientist at Michigan State University.

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Zemships

The project Zemships (Zero Emissions Ships) developed the FCS Alsterwasser, a 100 person hydrogen-power passenger ship, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell.

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Zero emission

Zero emission refers to an engine, motor, process, or other energy source, that emits no waste products that pollute the environment or disrupt the climate.

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Zero-emissions vehicle

A zero-emissions vehicle, or ZEV, is a vehicle that emits no exhaust gas from the onboard source of power.

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Zhang Zuoyi

Zhang Zuoyi (张作义; born November 1962 in Fujian Province) has been Director of the Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology (INET) at Tsinghua University since 2001.

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Zinc–air battery

Zinc–air batteries (non-rechargeable; IEC codes: A, P), and zinc–air fuel cells (mechanically rechargeable) are metal-air batteries powered by oxidizing zinc with oxygen from the air.

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Zip Zap

Zip Zap is an action game developed by Ian Weatherburn for Imagine Software and released for the ZX Spectrum in 1983.

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Zirconium dioxide

Zirconium dioxide, sometimes known as zirconia (not to be confused with zircon), is a white crystalline oxide of zirconium.

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1965

No description.

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1965 in the United States

Events from the year 1965 in the United States.

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2002 world oil market chronology

*January 1: The OPEC crude oil production quota cuts of per day, announced on December 28, officially go into effect for six months.

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2008 Formula Zero Championship

The 2008 Formula Zero Championship was the world's first hydrogen fuel cell race series.

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2008 in Canada

Events from the year 2008 in Canada.

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2010 in science

The year 2010 involved numerous significant scientific events and discoveries, some of which are listed below.

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2011 in science

The year 2011 involved many significant scientific events, including the first artificial organ transplant, the launch of China's first space station and the growth of the world population to seven billion.

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2012 24 Hours of Le Mans

The 2012 24 Hours of Le Mans (24 Heures du Mans 2012) was the 80th running of the 24 Hours of Le Mans motor race, and formed the third round of the 2012 FIA World Endurance Championship season.

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2013 24 Hours of Le Mans

The 2013 24 Hours of Le Mans (24 Heures du Mans 2013) was an automobile endurance race held on 22–23 June 2013 at the Circuit de la Sarthe, Le Mans, France.

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2030

No description.

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23rd World Scout Jamboree

The took place in Kirarahama, Yamaguchi in western Japan from 28 July to 8 August 2015.

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3 World Trade Center

3 World Trade Center (also known as 175 Greenwich Street) is a skyscraper constructed as part of the rebuilding of the World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan, New York City.

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39th Annie Awards

The 39th Annual Annie Awards honoring the best in animation of 2011 were held February 4, 2012 at Royce Hall in Los Angeles, California.

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4 World Trade Center

4 World Trade Center (also known by its street address, 150 Greenwich Street) is a skyscraper that is part of the World Trade Center complex in New York City.

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Comparison of fuel cell types, Direct hydrogen fuel cell, Fuel Cell, Fuel Cells, Fuel cell technologies, Fuel cells, Fuel-cell, Fuel-cell process, Fuel-cells, Fuelcell, Hydrogen Fuel Cell, Hydrogen cell, Hydrogen cells, Hydrogen fuel battery, Hydrogen fuel cell, Hydrogen fuel cells, Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cell, Portable fuel cell applications.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cell

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