Gauls

The Gauls were Celtic people inhabiting Gaul in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly from the 5th century BC to the 5th century AD). ^[1]

821 relations: A Virtuoso's Collection, Ab Urbe Condita Libri, Accensi, AD 48, AD 50, Adder stone, Adolphe Reinach, Adria, Adria (river), Aedui, Agron (king), Aiglun, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Aix-en-Provence, Alésia (Paris Métro), Albert Grenier (historian), Albucia gens, Albussac, Alesia (city), Alibi (play), Allia, Allobroges, Allons, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Allotriges, Alpine regiments of the Roman army, Ambarri, Ambérieu-en-Bugey, Ambiorix's revolt, Ambronay, Amiens, Ancient Belgian language, Ancient Celtic women, Ancient Greek art, Ancient Roman sarcophagi, Ancient Rome, Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an Empire, Angles, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Anicia (gens), Anjou, Annalists, Annappes, Annecy-le-Vieux, Annia (gens), Anos, Antigonus II Gonatas, Antioch, Appian Way, Apustia (gens), Aquillia (gens), Aquitani, Aratus, ..., Arcevia, Archail, Argentat, Argentoratum, Armorican Massif, Arras, Arria (gens), Arrow poison, Arvandus, Arvieux, Asclepiodotus of Heraclea, Ashkenaz, 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A Virtuoso's Collection

"A Virtuoso's Collection" is the final short story in Mosses from an Old Manse by Nathaniel Hawthorne.

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Ab Urbe Condita Libri

Livy's History of Rome, sometimes referred to as Ab Urbe Condita, is a monumental history of ancient Rome, written in Latin, between 27 and 9 BC.

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Accensi

The term Accensi (Singular: accensus) is applied to two different groups.

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AD 48

AD 48 (XLVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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AD 50

AD 50 (L) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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Adder stone

An adder stone is a type of stone, usually glassy, with a naturally occurring hole through it.

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Adolphe Reinach

Adolphe Joseph Reinach (12 January 1887 – 30 August 1914) was a French archaeologist and Egyptologist who participated in excavations in Greece and Egypt and published works on the Gauls.

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Adria

Adria is a town and comune in the province of Rovigo in the Veneto region of Northern Italy, situated between the mouths of the rivers Adige and Po.

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Adria (river)

Adria (Greek: Ἀδρίας) was a former channel of the Po delta passing by Adria that ceased in the 1st century BC.

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Aedui

The Aedui, Haedui, or Hedui (Αἰδούοι) were a Gallic people of Gallia Lugdunensis, who inhabited the country between the Arar (Saône) and Liger (Loire), in today's France.

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Agron (king)

Agron (Ἄγρων) was the king of the Ardiaean Kingdom in 250–231 BC.

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Aiglun, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence

Aiglun is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

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Aix-en-Provence (Provençal Occitan: Ais de Provença in classical norm, or Ais de Prouvènço in Mistralian norm,, Aquae Sextiae), or simply Aix (medieval Occitan Aics), is a city-commune in the south of France, about north of Marseille.

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Alésia (Paris Métro)

Alésia is a station of the Paris Métro on line 4 in the 14th arrondissement.

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Albert Grenier (historian)

Albert Grenier (22 April 1878, Paris – 23 June 1961, Paris) was a French historian, theologian, and archaeologist.

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Albucia gens

The gens Albucia or Albutia was a Roman family, known from the late 2nd century BC to the first century AD.

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Albussac

Albussac is a French commune in the Corrèze department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of central France.

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Alesia (city)

Alesia was the capital of the Mandubii, one of the Gallic tribes allied with the Aedui.

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Alibi (play)

Alibi is a 1928 play by Michael Morton based on The Murder of Roger Ackroyd, a novel by British crime writer Agatha Christie.

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Allia

Allia, a stream flowing into the Tiber, is from Rome and the site of the Battle of the Allia, where Romans were defeated by the Gauls under Brennus in 387 BC.

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Allobroges

The Allobroges (Άλλόβριγες, Άλλόβρυγες, Άλλόβρoγες) were a Gallic tribe of ancient Gaul, located between the Rhône River and Lake Geneva in what later became Savoy, Dauphiné, and Vivarais.

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Allons, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence

Allons is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France.

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Allotriges

The Allotriges or ‘Allotrigones’ (Allotrigoi), were a small ‘Celticized’ mountain people mentioned alongside the Plentauri by Ptolemy and Strabo, as inhabitants of the region roughly corresponding to present-day northwestern La Rioja, around the area of the Ebro sources.

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Alpine regiments of the Roman army

The Alpine regiments of the Roman army were those auxiliary units of the army that were originally raised in the Alpine provinces of the Roman Empire: Tres Alpes, Raetia and Noricum.

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Ambarri

The Ambarri were a Gallic people, whom Julius Caesar (B. G. i. 11) calls close allies and kinsmen of the Aedui.

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Ambérieu-en-Bugey

Ambérieu-en-Bugey (pronounced) is a French commune in the department of Ain in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of eastern France.

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Ambiorix's revolt

Ambiorix's revolt was an episode during the Gallic Wars between 54 and 53 BC in which the Eburones tribe, under its leader, Ambiorix, rebelled against the Roman Republic.

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Ambronay

Ambronay (pronounced) is a French commune in the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of eastern France.

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Amiens

Amiens is a city and commune in northern France, north of Paris and south-west of Lille.

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Ancient Belgian language

Ancient Belgian is a hypothetical extinct Indo-European language, spoken in Belgica (northern Gaul) in late prehistory.

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Ancient Celtic women

The position of ancient Celtic women in their society cannot be surely determined due to the quality of the sources.

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Ancient Greek art

Ancient Greek art stands out among that of other ancient cultures for its development of naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male figures were generally the focus of innovation.

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Ancient Roman sarcophagi

In the burial practices of ancient Rome and Roman funerary art, marble and limestone sarcophagi elaborately carved in relief were characteristic of elite inhumation burials from the 2nd to the 4th centuries AD.

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Ancient Rome

In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.

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Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an Empire

Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an Empire is a 2006 BBC One docudrama series, with each episode looking at a different key turning points in the history of the Roman Empire.

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Angles, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence

Angles is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France.

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Anicia (gens)

The gens Anicia was a plebeian family at Rome, mentioned first towards the end of the fourth century BC.

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Anjou

Anjou (Andegavia) is a historical province of France straddling the lower Loire River.

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Annalists

Annalists (from Latin annus, year; hence annales, sc. libri, annual records), were a class of writers on Roman history, the period of whose literary activity lasted from the time of the Second Punic War to that of Sulla.

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Annappes

Annappes is a village and former commune of the Nord Department of France, on the Mark River.

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Annecy-le-Vieux

Annecy-le-Vieux is a former commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France.

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Annia (gens)

The gens Annia was a plebeian family at Rome.

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Anos

Anos is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France.

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Antigonus II Gonatas

Antigonus II Gonatas (Ἀντίγονος B΄ Γονατᾶς) (c. 319–239 BC) was a powerful ruler who solidified the position of the Antigonid dynasty in Macedon after a long period defined by anarchy and chaos and acquired fame for his victory over the Gauls who had invaded the Balkans.

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Antioch

Antioch on the Orontes (Antiókheia je epi Oróntou; also Syrian Antioch)Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ, "Antioch on Daphne"; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη, "Antioch the Great"; Antiochia ad Orontem; Անտիոք Antiok; ܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ Anṭiokya; Hebrew: אנטיוכיה, Antiyokhya; Arabic: انطاكية, Anṭākiya; انطاکیه; Antakya.

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Appian Way

The Appian Way (Latin and Italian: Via Appia) is one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic.

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Apustia (gens)

The gens Apustia was a plebeian family at Rome during the period of the Republic.

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Aquillia (gens)

The gens Aquillia or Aquilia was a family at Rome with both patrician and plebeian branches.

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Aquitani

The Aquitanians (Latin: Aquitani) were a people living in what is now southern Aquitaine and southwestern Midi-Pyrénées, France, called Gallia Aquitania by the Romans in the region between the Pyrenees, the Atlantic ocean, and the Garonne, present-day southwestern France.

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Aratus

Aratus (Ἄρατος ὁ Σολεύς; ca. 315 BC/310 BC240) was a Greek didactic poet.

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Arcevia

Arcevia is a comune in the Province of Ancona of the region of Marche, Italy.

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Archail

Archail is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of south-eastern France.

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Argentat

Argentat is a former commune in the Corrèze department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of central France.

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Argentoratum

Argentoratum or Argentorate was the ancient name of the city of Strasbourg.

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Armorican Massif

The Armorican Massif (Massif armoricain) is a geologic massif that covers a large area in the northwest of France, including Brittany, the western part of Normandy and the Pays de la Loire.

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Arras

Arras (Atrecht) is the capital (chef-lieu/préfecture) of the Pas-de-Calais department, which forms part of the region of Hauts-de-France; prior to the reorganization of 2014 it was located in Nord-Pas-de-Calais.

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Arria (gens)

The gens Arria was a plebeian family at Rome, which occurs in history beginning in the final century of the Republic, and became quite prominent in imperial times.

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Arrow poison

Arrow poisons are used to poison arrow heads or darts for the purposes of hunting and warfare.

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Arvandus

Arvandus was a Gaul who rose through the hierarchy of Imperial Roman society to twice be appointed Praetorian prefect of Gaul.

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Arvieux

Arvieux is a commune of the Hautes-Alpes department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of south-eastern France.

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Asclepiodotus of Heraclea

Asclepiodotus of Heraclea (Ἀσκληπιόδοτος) was a commander in the army of Perseus of Macedon during the Third Macedonian War, which took place from 171 BC to 168 BC.

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Ashkenaz

Ashkenaz in the Hebrew Bible is one of the descendants of Noah.

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Asterix

Asterix or The Adventures of Asterix (Astérix or Astérix le Gaulois) is a series of French comics.

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Asterix (character)

Asterix (Astérix) is a fictional character and the titular hero of the French comic book series Asterix.

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Asterix and Obelix's Birthday

Asterix and Obelix's Birthday: The Golden Book is the thirty-fourth episode of the Asterix comic book series, designed and written by Albert Uderzo.

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Asterix and the Banquet

Asterix and the Banquet ("Asterix's Tour of Gaul") is the fifth volume of the Asterix comic book series, by René Goscinny (stories) and Albert Uderzo (illustrations).

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Asterix and the Vikings

Asterix and the Vikings (working international English title for Astérix et les Vikings) is a 2006 French-Danish animated feature film, produced in France and Denmark, and directed by Stefan Fjeldmark and Jesper Møller.

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Asterix films (live action)

Asterix and Obelix is a French live-action film franchise, based on the comic book series of the same name by French comic book artists Albert Uderzo and Rene Goscinny.

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Asterix in Corsica

Asterix in Corsica is the twentieth volume of the Asterix comic book series, by René Goscinny (stories) and Albert Uderzo (artwork).

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Ateste

Ateste (modern Este, Italy) was an ancient town of Venetia, at the southern foot of the Euganean hills, 43 feet above sea-level and 22 miles southwest of Patavium (modern Padua).

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Atrebates

The Atrebates (singular Atrebas) were a Belgic tribe of Gaul and Britain before the Roman conquests.

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Attalus I

Attalus I (Ἄτταλος Α΄), surnamed Soter (Σωτήρ, "Savior"; 269–197 BC) ruled Pergamon, an Ionian Greek polis (what is now Bergama, Turkey), first as dynast, later as king, from 241 BC to 197 BC.

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Augusta Raurica

Augusta Raurica is a Roman archaeological site and an open-air museum in Switzerland located on the south bank of the Rhine river about 20 km east of Basel near the villages of Augst and Kaiseraugst.

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Augusta Suessionum

Augusta Suessionum was the civitas capital of the Suessiones, gallic people, belonging to the Belgae group, founded at the end of the 1st century BC near their central oppidum, Noviodunum localised at Pommiers.

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Aurelia (gens)

The gens Aurelia was a plebeian family at Rome, which flourished from the third century BC to the latest period of the Empire.

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Autun

Autun is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department, France.

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Auvergne

Auvergne (Auvergnat (occitan): Auvèrnhe / Auvèrnha) is a former administrative region of France.

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Auxey-Duresses

Auxey-Duresses is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France.

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Auxilia

The Auxilia (Latin, lit. "auxiliaries") constituted the standing non-citizen corps of the Imperial Roman army during the Principate era (30 BC–284 AD), alongside the citizen legions.

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Avatici

The Avatici were a Celtic tribe who inhabited south-eastern Gaul during the Roman period.

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Aventine Hill

The Aventine Hill (Collis Aventinus; Aventino) is one of the Seven Hills on which ancient Rome was built.

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Étaín

Étaín or Édaín (Modern Irish spelling: Éadaoin) is a figure of Irish mythology, best known as the heroine of Tochmarc Étaíne (The Wooing Of Étaín), one of the oldest and richest stories of the Mythological Cycle.

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Évariste Vital Luminais

Évariste Vital Luminais (13 October 1821 – 10 or 15 May 1896"LUMINAIS, E. V.", Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, rev. ed. George C. Williamson, Volume 3, New York: Macmillan / London: Bell, 1904,,.) was a French painter.

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Île de la Cité

The Île de la Cité is one of two remaining natural islands in the Seine within the city of Paris (the other being the Île Saint-Louis).

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Úgaine Mór

Úgaine Mór, son of Eochu Buadach, son of Dui Ladrach, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, the 66th High King of Ireland.

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Śramaṇa

Śramaṇa (Sanskrit: श्रमण; Pali: samaṇa) means "seeker, one who performs acts of austerity, ascetic".

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Baco (god)

Baco is a Celtic god, invoked by Gauls and attested on inscriptions found in the areas of Chalon-sur-Saône and Eauze.

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Baiocasses

The Baiocasses were a Celtic tribe (pagus) in ancient Gaul.

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Balazuc

Balazuc is a French commune in the Ardèche department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of southern France.

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Barbarian

A barbarian is a human who is perceived to be either uncivilized or primitive.

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Barbe de Verrue

According to the legendary Poésies de Clotilde, Barbe de Verrue was French trouvère in the 13th century.

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Bardigiano

The Bardigiano is a breed of small horse from the Emilia Romagna region of Italy.

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Barles

Barles is a French commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of south-eastern France.

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Bastogne

Bastogne (Dutch: Bastenaken, German: Bastnach or Bastenach, Luxembourgish: Baaschtnech) is a Walloon municipality of Belgium located in the province of Luxembourg in the Ardennes.

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Battle of Alesia

The Battle of Alesia or Siege of Alesia was a military engagement in the Gallic Wars that took place in September, 52 BC, around the Gallic oppidum (fortified settlement) of Alesia, a major centre of the Mandubii tribe.

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Battle of Burdigala

The Battle of Burdigala was a battle of the Cimbrian War that occurred in the year 107 BC.

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Battle of Cannae

The Battle of Cannae was a major battle of the Second Punic War that took place on 2 August 216 BC in Apulia, in southeast Italy.

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Battle of Carrhae

The Battle of Carrhae was fought in 53 BC between the Roman Republic and the Parthian Empire near the town of Carrhae.

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Battle of Clastidium

The Battle of Clastidium was fought in 222 BC between a Roman Republican army led by the Roman consul Marcus Claudius Marcellus and the Insubres.

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Battle of Déols

The Battle of Déols was a battle c. 469 when the Visigoths thwarted an attack by an alliance of Bretons or Britons of the Romano-British Riothamus and the Gauls.

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Battle of Faesulae (225 BC)

The Battle of Faesulae was fought in 225 BC between the Roman Republic and a group of Gauls living in Italy.

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Battle of Gergovia

The Battle of Gergovia took place in 52 BC in Gaul at Gergovia, the chief oppidum (fortified town) of the Arverni.

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Battle of Heraclea

The Battle of Heraclea took place in 280 BC between the Romans under the command of consul Publius Valerius Laevinus, and the combined forces of Greeks from Epirus, Tarentum, Thurii, Metapontum, and Heraclea under the command of Pyrrhus king of Epirus.

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Battle of Lake Trasimene

The Battle of Lake Trasimene (24 June 217 BC, April on the Julian calendar) was a major battle in the Second Punic War.

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Battle of Lysimachia

The Battle of Lysimachia was fought in 277 BC between the Gallic tribes settled in Thrace and a Greek army of Antigonus at Lysimachia, Thracian Chersonese.

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Battle of Mount Olympus

The Battle of Mount Olympus was fought in 189 BC between the Galatian Gauls of Asia Minor and an alliance consisting of the Roman Republic and Pergamum.

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Battle of Octodurus

The Battle of Octodurus took place in the winter of 57–56 BC in the Gallic town of Octodurus in what is now Martigny, Valais, Switzerland.

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Battle of Phoenice

The Battle of Phoenice was a battle that took place in 230 BC between the forces of the Epirote League and the Ardiaean Kingdom of Illyria.

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Battle of Rhone Crossing

The Battle of the Rhône Crossing took place during the Second Punic War.

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Battle of Ruspina

The Battle of Ruspina was fought on 4 January 46 BC in the Roman province of Africa, between the Republican forces of the Optimates and forces loyal to Julius Caesar.

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Battle of Selinus

The Battle of Selinus, which took place early in 409 BC, is the opening battle of the so-called Second Sicilian War.

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Battle of the Allia

The Battle of the Allia was fought between the Senones (one of the Gallic tribes which had invaded northern Italy) and the Roman Republic.

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Battle of the Aous (274 BC)

The Battle of the Aous was fought in 274 BC between the invading Epirote army of Pyrrhus of Epirus and the army of Antigonus II Gonatas of Macedon near the Aous (or Aoös, Greek Αώος) river.

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Battle of the Caecus River

The Battle of the Caecus River was a battle that occurred in 241 BC between the armies of the Kingdom of Pergamon, commanded by Attalus I and the Galatian tribes who resided in Anatolia.

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Battle of Thermopylae (279 BC)

The Battle of Thermopylae was fought in 279 BC between invading Gallic armies and a combined army of Greek Aetolians, Boeotians, Athenians, Phocians at Thermopylae.

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Bürkliplatz, Zürich

Bürkliplatz is a town square in Zürich, Switzerland.

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Beaujeu, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence

Beaujeu is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of south-eastern France.

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Belgae

The Belgae were a large Gallic-Germanic confederation of tribes living in northern Gaul, between the English Channel, the west bank of the Rhine, and northern bank of the river Seine, from at least the third century BC.

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Belgitude

Belgitude is a term used to express the Belgian soul and identity.

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Beli Mawr

Beli Mawr ("Beli the Great") was an ancestor figure in Middle Welsh literature and genealogies.

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Belinus

Belinus the Great was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth.

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Bellagio, Lombardy

Bellagio (Belàs in Lombard) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region of Lombardy.

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Benty Grange helmet

The Benty Grange helmet is a boar-crested Anglo-Saxon helmet from the 7th century AD.

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Beyoğlu

Beyoğlu is a district located on the European side of İstanbul, Turkey, separated from the old city (historic peninsula of Constantinople) by the Golden Horn.

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Bezen Perrot

The Bezen Perrot (Breton, literally "Perrot Unit"; Bretonische Waffenverband der SS) was a Breton collaborationist force founded on 11 November 1943, during the German occupation of France.

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Bingen am Rhein

Bingen am Rhein is a town in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Bithynian coinage

Bithynian coinage refers to coinage struck by the Kingdom of Bithynia that was situated on the coast of the Black Sea.

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Bituitus

Bituitus (fl. 2nd century BCE) was a king of the Arverni, a Gaulish tribe living in what is now the Auvergne region of France.

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Bituriges

The Bituriges (Bituriges Cubi) were a tribe of Celtic Gaul with its capital at Bourges (Avaricum), whose territory corresponds to the former province of Berry.

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Bituriges Vivisci

The Bituriges Vivisci were one of the tribes of Gaul.

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Bobbio

Bobbio (Bobbiese: Bòbi; Bêubbi; Bobium) is a small town and commune in the province of Piacenza in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy.

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Boii

The Boii (Latin plural, singular Boius; Βόιοι) were a Gallic tribe of the later Iron Age, attested at various times in Cisalpine Gaul (northern Italy), Pannonia (Hungary and its western neighbours), parts of Bavaria, in and around Bohemia (after whom the region is named in most languages; comprising the bulk of the Czech Republic), and Gallia Narbonensis.

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Bolgios

Bolgios (Greek Βόλγιος, also Bolgius, Belgius) was a Gaulish leader during the Gallic invasion of the Balkans who led an invasion of Macedon and Illyria in 279 BC, killing the Macedonian king Ptolemy Keraunos.

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Bordeaux

Bordeaux (Gascon Occitan: Bordèu) is a port city on the Garonne in the Gironde department in Southwestern France.

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Bouc-Bel-Air

Bouc-Bel-Air is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in southern France.

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Bouclier de Brennus

The Bouclier de Brennus, or Brennus Shield in English, is a trophy awarded to the winners of the French rugby union domestic league.

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Bourbonne-les-Bains

Bourbonne-les-Bains is a commune in the Haute-Marne department in northeastern France in the region Grand Est and is located 57 km north east of Langres.

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Bouvron, Loire-Atlantique

Bouvron is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France.

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Braccae

Braccae is the Latin term for trousers, and in this context is today used to refer to a style of trousers, made from wool.

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Brannovices

The Brannovices or Brannovii were a Gallic people mentioned by Julius Caesar (B. G. vii. 75).

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Bread

Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour and water, usually by baking.

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Brebières

Brebières is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region in northern France.

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Brennius

Brennius was a legendary king of Northumberland and Allobroges, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth.

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Brennus

Brennus or Brennos (Gaulish: Brano "raven") is the name of two Gaulish chieftains, famous in ancient history.

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Brennus (3rd century BC)

Brennus (or Brennos) (died 279 BC at Delphi, Ancient Greece) was one of the Gaul leaders of the army of the Gallic invasion of the Balkans.

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Brennus (4th century BC)

Brennus (or Brennos) was a chieftain of the Senones.

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Brescia

Brescia (Lombard: Brèsa,, or; Brixia; Bressa) is a city and comune in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy.

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Britannia (TV series)

Britannia is a British-American historical fantasy series written by Jez Butterworth.

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British Iron Age

The British Iron Age is a conventional name used in the archaeology of Great Britain, referring to the prehistoric and protohistoric phases of the Iron Age culture of the main island and the smaller islands, typically excluding prehistoric Ireland, which had an independent Iron Age culture of its own.

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British people

The British people, or the Britons, are the citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the British Overseas Territories, and the Crown dependencies.

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Bro Gwened

Gwened, Bro-Gwened (Standard Bro-Wened) or Vannetais (Pays Vannetais) is a historic realm and county of Brittany in France.

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Brown

Brown is a composite color.

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Buddhism and the Roman world

Several instances of interaction between Buddhism and the Roman world are documented by Classical and early Christian writers.

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Burton Joyce

Burton Joyce is a large English village and civil parish in the Gedling district of Nottinghamshire, about 7 miles (11 km) east of Nottingham, bounded by the smaller Stoke Bardolph to the south and Bulcote to the north-east.

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Bylazora

Bylazora or Vilazora was a Paeonian city from the period of early classic antiquity.

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Cadore

Cadore (Cadòr; Cadòr or, rarely, Cadòria; Cadober or Kadober; Sappada German: Kadour; Cjadovri) is a historical region in the Italian region of Veneto, in the northernmost part of the province of Belluno bordering on Austria, the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

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Caedicia (gens)

The gens Caedicia was a plebeian family at Rome.

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Caesar III

Caesar III is a video game that was released on September 30, 1997, developed by Impressions Games and published by Sierra Studios.

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Camboglanna

Camboglanna (with the modern name of Castlesteads) was a Roman fort.

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Campaign history of the Roman military

From its origin as a city-state on the peninsula of Italy in the 8th century BC, to its rise as an empire covering much of Southern Europe, Western Europe, Near East and North Africa to its fall in the 5th century AD, the political history of Ancient Rome was closely entwined with its military history.

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Camunni

The Camuni or Camunni were an ancient population located in Val Camonica during the Iron Age (1st millennium BC); the Latin name Camunni was attributed to them by the authors of the 1st century.

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Caninia (gens)

The gens Caninia was a plebeian family at Rome during the later Republic.

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Cantabri

The Cantabri (Καντάβροι, Kantabroi) or Ancient Cantabrians, were a pre-Roman people, probably Celtic or pre-Celtic European, and large tribal federation that lived in the northern coastal region of ancient Iberia in the second half of the first millennium BC.

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Canterbury helmet

The Canterbury Helmet is an Iron Age helmet found in a field near Canterbury, Kent, England, in December 2012.

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Canzo

Canzo (in the Italian language, Canz or, in the Lombard language, depending on native or Milanese pronunciation) is a commune of the Italian province of Como.

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Capitoline Games

In Ancient Rome, the Capitoline Games (Latin: Ludi Capitolini) were annual games (ludi).

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Car

A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation.

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Carni

The Carni (Greek Καρνίοι) were a tribe of the Eastern Alps in classical antiquity, settling in the mountains separating Noricum and Venetia (roughly corresponding to the more modern Triveneto).

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Carnival in the Netherlands

Carnival (Carnaval; also called "vastenavond" – eve of the fasting or "vastelaovend") is a festival held throughout the Netherlands, mainly in the Southern regions, with an emphasis on role-reversal and suspension of social norms.

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Carnutes

The Carnutes, a powerful Gaulish people in the heart of independent Gaul, dwelt in an extensive territory between the Sequana (Seine) and the Liger (Loire) rivers.

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Carpetani

The Carpetani (Greek: Karpetanoi) were one of the Celtic pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula (the Roman Hispania, modern Spain and Portugal), akin to the Celtiberians, dwelling in the central part of the meseta - the high central upland plain of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Casorate Primo

Casorate Primo (Milanese dialect of Western Lombard: Casurà)https://books.google.co.uk/books?id.

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Cassivellaunus

Cassivellaunus was a historical British tribal chief who led the defence against Julius Caesar's second expedition to Britain in 54 BC.

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Castricia (gens)

The gens Catricia was a Roman family during the later Republic and under the early Empire.

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Castus (rebel slave)

Castus was a Gallic slave, who together with the Thracian Spartacus, the fellow Gauls Crixus and Gannicus, alongside Oenomaus, was one of the leaders of rebellious slaves during the Third Servile War (73-71 BC).

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Caturiges

The Caturiges (Caturĭges, Κατόριγες) were a Gallic tribe in the ancient Roman province of Alpes Maritimae, at first located on the Druentia river (modern Durance), towards its source, west of Vapincum (modern Gap), but later extending into Viennensis and Narbonensis.

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Cavalry

Cavalry (from the French cavalerie, cf. cheval 'horse') or horsemen were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback.

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Celtic art

Celtic art is associated with the peoples known as Celts; those who spoke the Celtic languages in Europe from pre-history through to the modern period, as well as the art of ancient peoples whose language is uncertain, but have cultural and stylistic similarities with speakers of Celtic languages.

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Celtic Christianity

Celtic Christianity or Insular Christianity refers broadly to certain features of Christianity that were common, or held to be common, across the Celtic-speaking world during the Early Middle Ages.

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Celtic coinage

Celtic coinage was minted by the Celts from the late 4th century BC to the late 1st century BC.

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Celtic Kings: Rage of War

Celtic Kings: Rage of War is a game developed by Haemimont Games.

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Celtic nations

The Celtic nations are territories in western Europe where Celtic languages or cultural traits have survived.

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Celtic Otherworld

In Celtic mythology, the Otherworld is the realm of the deities and possibly also of the dead.

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Celtic polytheism

Celtic polytheism, commonly known as Celtic paganism, comprises the religious beliefs and practices adhered to by the Iron Age people of Western Europe now known as the Celts, roughly between 500 BCE and 500 CE, spanning the La Tène period and the Roman era, and in the case of the Insular Celts the British and Irish Iron Age.

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Celtic Revival

The Celtic Revival (also referred to as the Celtic Twilight or Celtomania) was a variety of movements and trends in the 19th and 20th centuries that saw a renewed interest in aspects of Celtic culture.

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Celtic settlement of Eastern Europe

Gallic groups, originating from the various La Tène chiefdoms, began a south-eastern movement into the Balkan peninsula from the 4th century BC.

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Celtici

The Celtici (in Portuguese, Spanish, and Galician languages, Célticos) were a Celtic tribe or group of tribes of the Iberian peninsula, inhabiting three definite areas: in what today are the regions of Alentejo and the Algarve in Portugal; in the Province of Badajoz and north of Province of Huelva in Spain, in the ancient Baeturia; and along the coastal areas of Galicia.

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Celticisation

Celticisation, or Celticization, was historically the process of conquering and assimilating by the ancient Celts.

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Celts

The Celts (see pronunciation of ''Celt'' for different usages) were an Indo-European people in Iron Age and Medieval Europe who spoke Celtic languages and had cultural similarities, although the relationship between ethnic, linguistic and cultural factors in the Celtic world remains uncertain and controversial.

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Celts (modern)

The modern Celts (see pronunciation of ''Celt'') are a related group of ethnicities who share similar Celtic languages, cultures and artistic histories, and who live in or descend from one of the regions on the western extremities of Europe populated by the Celts.

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Cenomani

The Cenomani or Aulerci Cenomani were a Celtic people, a branch of the Aulerci in Gallia Celtica, whose territory corresponded generally to Maine in the modern départment of Sarthe, west of the Carnutes between the Seine and the Loire.

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Cerethrius

Cerethrius was a Gallic king in Thrace.

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Cervelas de Lyon

Cervelas de Lyon is a sausage that is among the specialties of Lyonnaise cuisine.

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Cestia (gens)

The gens Cestia was a plebeian family at Rome during the later Republic, and in imperial times.

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Ceutrones

The Ceutrones (variant: Centrones) were a pre-Roman Celtic tribe of ancient Gaul that controlled the Graian Alps regions of Gallia Viennensis Quinta in Gallia Narbonensis.

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Charon's obol

Charon's obol is an allusive term for the coin placed in or on the mouth of a dead person before burial.

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Château de Bressuire

The Château de Bressuire is a ruined castle in the town of Bressuire in the Deux-Sèvres département of France.

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Châteaubriant

Châteaubriant (Kastell-Briant; Gallo: Châtiaoberiant) is a town in western France, about southwest of Paris, and one of the three sous-préfectures of the Loire-Atlantique department.

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Chelin, Switzerland

Chelin (pronounce /xәlíṅ/ in patois) is a village of the municipality of Lens in the district of Sierre in Switzerland.

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Chexbres

Chexbres is a municipality in the Swiss canton Vaud, located in the district of Lavaux-Oron.

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Chronology of bladed weapons

The different types of bladed weapons (swords, dress-swords, sabers, rapiers, foils, machetes, daggers, knives, arrowheads, etc..) have been of great importance throughout history.

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Churchyards in Northwestern France

Main article ''Churchyards'' Churchyards in northwestern France are often much older than the church itself.

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Cider

Cider is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of apples.

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Cisalpine Gaul

Cisalpine Gaul (Gallia Cisalpina), also called Gallia Citerior or Gallia Togata, was the part of Italy inhabited by Celts (Gauls) during the 4th and 3rd centuries BC.

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Città di Castello

Città di Castello is a city and comune ("Town of the Castle") in the province of Perugia, in the northern part of the Umbria.

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Clairette de Die AOC

Clairette de Die AOC is a natural sparkling white wine from the Rhône Valley region in France.

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Clan Chattan

Clan Chattan (Na Catanaich or Clann Chatain) is a Highland Scottish clan.

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Clan Leask

Clan Leask is a Lowland Scottish clan.

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Classical Anatolia

Anatolia, also known by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is considered to be the westernmost extent of Asia.

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Classical reenactment

Classical reenactment tends to focus on portrayals of the Greco-Roman world, and especially on modern recreations of Roman legions and ancient Greek hoplites.

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Claudia (gens)

The gens Claudia, sometimes written Clodia, was one of the most prominent patrician houses at Rome.

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Clermont County, Ohio

Clermont County, popularly called Clermont, is a county in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Cohors I Aquitanorum

Cohors prima Aquitanorum ("1st Cohort of Aquitani") was a Roman auxiliary infantry regiment.

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Cohors I Aquitanorum veterana

Cohors prima Aquitanorum veterana ("1st veteran Cohort of Aquitani") was a Roman auxiliary infantry regiment.

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Cohors II Aquitanorum equitata c.R.

Cohors secunda Aquitanorum equitata civium Romanorum ("2nd part-mounted Cohort of Aquitani Roman citizens") was a Roman auxiliary mixed infantry and cavalry regiment.

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Cohors II Gallorum Dacica equitata

Cohors secunda Gallorum Dacica equitata ("2nd part-mounted Cohort of Gauls in Dacia") was a Roman auxiliary regiment which contained both infantry and cavalry contingents.

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Cohors III Aquitanorum equitata c.R.

Cohors tertia Aquitanorum equitata civium Romanorum ("3rd part-mounted Cohort of Aquitani Roman citizens") was a Roman auxiliary mixed infantry and cavalry regiment.

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Cohors IV Aquitanorum equitata c.R.

Cohors quarta Aquitanorum equitata civium Romanorum ("4th part-mounted Cohort of Aquitani Roman citizens") was a Roman auxiliary mixed infantry and cavalry regiment.

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Comacchio

Comacchio (Comacchiese: Cmâc') is a town and comune of Emilia Romagna, Italy, in the province of Ferrara, from the provincial capital Ferrara.

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Comme si de rien n'était

Comme si de rien n'était (As If Nothing Had Happened) is the third album of Italian-French singer and previous French first lady Carla Bruni.

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Conan Meriadoc

Conan Meriadoc is a legendary British leader credited with founding Brittany.

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Considia (gens)

The gens Considia was a plebeian family at Rome.

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Cornelia (gens)

The gens Cornelia was one of the greatest patrician houses at Rome.

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Coutances

Coutances is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.

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Cramond Roman Fort

Cramond Roman Fort is a Roman-Era archaeological site at Cramond, Edinburgh, Scotland.

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Creil

Creil is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.

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Cremona

Cremona is a city and comune in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po River in the middle of the Pianura Padana (Po Valley).

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Crepereia (gens)

The gens Crepereia was a plebeian family of equestrian rank at ancient Rome.

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Crispin and Crispinian

Saints Crispin and Crispinian are the Christian patron saints of cobblers, curriers, tanners, and leather workers.

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Criticism of The Da Vinci Code

The Da Vinci Code, a popular suspense novel by Dan Brown, generated criticism and controversy after its publication in 2003.

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Crixus

Crixus was a Gallic gladiator and military leader in the Third Servile War between the Roman Republic and rebel slaves.

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Cucuron

Cucuron is a village (commune) in the Vaucluse department, of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeastern France.

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Culture-historical archaeology

Culture-historical archaeology is an archaeological theory that emphasises defining historical societies into distinct ethnic and cultural groupings according to their material culture.

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Czech Republic

The Czech Republic (Česká republika), also known by its short-form name Czechia (Česko), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast.

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Dauphiné

The Dauphiné or Dauphiné Viennois, formerly Dauphiny in English, is a former province in southeastern France, whose area roughly corresponded to that of the present departments of Isère, Drôme, and Hautes-Alpes.

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Déisi

The Déisi were a class of peoples in ancient and medieval Ireland.

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Déols

Déols is a commune in the department of Indre in the Centre-Val de Loire Region of central France.

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Decia (gens)

The gens Decia was a plebeian family of high antiquity, which became illustrious in Roman history by two of its members sacrificing themselves for the preservation of their country.

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Deirgtine

The Deirgtine (Deirgthine, Dergtine, Dergthine) or Clanna Dergthened were the proto-historical ancestors of the historical Eóganachta dynasties of Munster.

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Demographics of Paris

The city of Paris (also called the Commune or Department of Paris) had a population of 2,241,346 people within its administrative city limits as of January 1, 2014.

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Demonice

In Greek mythology, Demonice (Δημονίκη) is the name of two women.

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Desilo

Desilo is a small valley in southern Bosnia and Herzegovina, located near the Neretva river and the Croatian border.

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Didia (gens)

The gens Didia, or Deidia, as the name is spelled on coins, was a plebeian family at Ancient Rome, which first appears in history during the final century of the Republic.

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Diodorus Siculus

Diodorus Siculus (Διόδωρος Σικελιώτης Diodoros Sikeliotes) (1st century BC) or Diodorus of Sicily was a Greek historian.

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Disability in ancient Rome

Ancient Romans with disabilities were recorded in the personal, medical, and legal writing of the period.

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Divico

Divico was a Gallic king and the leader of the Helvetian tribe of the Tigurini.

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Divide and rule

Divide and rule (or divide and conquer, from Latin dīvide et imperā) in politics and sociology is gaining and maintaining power by breaking up larger concentrations of power into pieces that individually have less power than the one implementing the strategy.

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Dog meat

Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.

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Dogmatix

Dogmatix is a fictional character, a tiny white terrier dog who belongs to Obelix in the Asterix comics.

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Domitia (gens)

The gens Domitia was a plebeian family at Rome.

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Domnonée

Domnonée is the modern French form of Domnonia or Dumnonia (Latin for "Devon"; Domnonea), an historic kingdom in northern Armorica (Brittany) founded by British immigrants from Dumnonia (Sub-Roman Devon) fleeing the Saxon invasions of Britain in the early Middle Ages.

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Donn

In Irish mythology, Donn ("the dark one", from Dhuosnos)Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí.

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Dordogne

Dordogne (Dordonha) is a department in southwestern France, with its prefecture in Périgueux.

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Drinking horn

A drinking horn is the horn of a bovid used as a drinking vessel.

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Druantia

Druantia is a hypothetical Gallic tree goddess proposed by Robert Graves in his study The White Goddess (1948).

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Druid

A druid (derwydd; druí; draoidh) was a member of the high-ranking professional class in ancient Celtic cultures.

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Druids (film)

Druids (French: Vercingétorix: La légende du druide roi) is a 2001 epic historical drama film directed by Jacques Dorfmann.

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Dubgaill and Finngaill

Dubgaill and Finngaill, or Dubgenti and Finngenti, are Middle Irish terms used to denote different rival groups of Vikings in Ireland and Britain.

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Duchy of Brittany

The Duchy of Brittany (Breton: Dugelezh Breizh, French: Duché de Bretagne) was a medieval feudal state that existed between approximately 939 and 1547.

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Dumnorix

Dumnorix (spelled Dubnoreix on coins) was a chieftain of the Aedui, a Celtic tribe in Gaul in the 1st century B.C. He was the younger brother of Divitiacus, the Aedui druid and statesman.

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Dunum (Ireland)

Dunum was a Latinized nameplace in ancient Ireland and the name of at least two recorded settlements there, one in the far north, one in the far south.

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Dusios

In the Gaulish language, Dusios was a divine being among the continental Celts who was identified with the god Pan of ancient Greek religion and with the gods Faunus, Inuus, Silvanus, and Incubus of ancient Roman religion.

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Early history of Switzerland

The early history of Switzerland begins with the earliest settlements up to the beginning of Habsburg rule, which in 1291 gave rise to the independence movement in the central cantons of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden and the Late Medieval growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy.

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Eóganachta

The Eóganachta or Eoghanachta were an Irish dynasty centred on Cashel which dominated southern Ireland (namely the Kingdom of Munster) from the 6/7th to the 10th centuries, and following that, in a restricted form, the Kingdom of Desmond, and its offshoot Carbery, to the late 16th century.

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Ebraucus

Ebraucus (Efrawg/Efrog) was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth.

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Eburones

The Eburones (Greek: Ἐβούρωνες, Strabo), were a Gallic-Germanic tribe who lived in the northeast of Gaul, in what is now the southern Netherlands, eastern Belgium, and the German Rhineland, in the period immediately before this region was conquered by Rome.

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Eburovices

The Eburovices, or Eburovici, were a Gallic tribe, a branch of the Aulerci.

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Egnatius

Gellius Egnatius (died 295 BC) was the leader in clan Varriani, of the Samnites during the Third Samnite War, which broke out in 298 BC.

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Emilia-Romagna

Emilia-Romagna (Emilian and Emélia-Rumâgna) is an administrative Region of Northeast Italy comprising the historical regions of Emilia and Romagna.

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Empire and Communications

Empire and Communications is a book published in 1950 by University of Toronto professor Harold Innis.

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End of Roman rule in Britain

The end of Roman rule in Britain was the transition from Roman Britain to post-Roman Britain.

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English Channel

The English Channel (la Manche, "The Sleeve"; Ärmelkanal, "Sleeve Channel"; Mor Breizh, "Sea of Brittany"; Mor Bretannek, "Sea of Brittany"), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France and links the southern part of the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.

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Entremont (oppidum)

Entremont is a 3.5 hectare archaeological site three kilometres from Aix-en-Provence at the extreme south of the Puyricard plateau.

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Epigonus

Epigonus (Ἐπίγονος) of Pergamum was the chief among the court sculptors to the Attalid dynasty at Pergamum in the late third century BCE.

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Erp, Netherlands

Erp is a town in the southern Netherlands.

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Estonian neopaganism

Estonian Neopaganism, or the Estonian native faith (Estonian: Maausk, literally "Native faith"), is the name, in English, for a grouping of contemporary revivals (often called "Neopagan", although adherents of Estonian native religion generally don't use the termJüri Toomepuu.. Presentation at KLENK 2011, published on January 7, 2012. St. Petersburg, Florida.) of the indigenous Pagan religion of the Estonian people.

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Esuvii

The Esuvii (Esubii, Sesuvii) were a Gaulish tribe mentioned by Caesar.

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Ethnic groups in Europe

The Indigenous peoples of Europe are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various indigenous groups that reside in the nations of Europe.

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Etruscan civilization

The Etruscan civilization is the modern name given to a powerful and wealthy civilization of ancient Italy in the area corresponding roughly to Tuscany, western Umbria and northern Lazio.

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Etruscan origins

There are two main hypotheses as to the origins of the Etruscan civilization in the Early Iron Age: autochthonous development in situ out of the Villanovan culture, or colonization of Italy from the Near East.

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Etruscan society

Etruscan society is mainly known through the memorial and achievemental inscriptions on monuments of Etruscan civilization, especially tombs.

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Eumenes I

Eumenes I (Εὐμένης Αʹ) was dynast (ruler) of the city of Pergamon in Asia Minor from 263 BC until his death in 241 BC.

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Eurasian wolf

The Eurasian wolf (Canis lupus lupus), also known as the common wolfMech, L. David (1981), The Wolf: The Ecology and Behaviour of an Endangered Species, University of Minnesota Press, p. 354, or Middle Russian forest wolf,Heptner, V. G. & Naumov, N. P. (1998), Science Publishers, Inc.

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Fabia (gens)

The gens Fabia was one of the most ancient patrician families at Rome.

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Factorum ac dictorum memorabilium libri IX

Factorum ac dictorum memorabilium libri IX ("nine books of memorable deeds and sayings", also known as De factis dictisque memorabilibus or Facta et dicta memorabilia) by Valerius Maximus (c. 20 BCE – c. CE 50) was written around CE 30 or 31.

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Fasti Capitolini

The Fasti Capitolini, or Capitoline Fasti, are a list of the chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, extending from the early fifth century BC down to the reign of Augustus, the first Roman emperor.

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Fasti Triumphales

The Acta Triumphorum or Triumphalia, better known as the Fasti Triumphales, or Triumphal Fasti, is a calendar of Roman magistrates honoured with a celebratory procession known as a triumphus, or triumph, in recognition of an important military victory, from the earliest period down to 19 BC.

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Favorinus

Favorinus of Arelate (c. 80 – c. 160 AD) was a Roman sophist and philosopher who flourished during the reign of Hadrian and the Second Sophistic.

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Fécamp

Fécamp is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France.

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Fürfeld

Fürfeld is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Ferrier of Tannerre-en-Puisaye

The ancient ferrier of Tannerre-en-Puisaye, located in the village of Tannerre-en-Puisaye in Burgundy, France, is a historic site used for mining and working of iron. The works date from the Gallic and Gallo-Roman times. It is one of two largest ferriers in France and one of the largest in Europe. Industrial exploitation of the site ceased when it was classed as French Heritage monument in 1982.

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Fidenza

Fidenza (Parmigiano: Fidénsa; locally Bùragh) is a town and comune in the province of Parma, Emilia-Romagna region, Italy.

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FitzGerald dynasty

The FitzGerald dynasty (Ríshliocht Mhic Gearailt or Clann Gearailt) is an Irish Hiberno-Norman or Cambro-Norman royal dynasty.

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Flag and coat of arms of Normandy

The flag and coat of arms of Normandy are symbols of Normandy, a region in the north-western France.

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Food and dining in the Roman Empire

Food and dining in the Roman Empire reflect both the variety of foodstuffs available through the expanded trade networks of the Roman Empire and the traditions of conviviality from ancient Rome's earliest times, inherited in part from the Greeks and Etruscans.

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Forlimpopoli

Forlimpopoli (Frampùl) is a town and comune in the province of Forlì-Cesena, north-eastern Italy.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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France in the Middle Ages

The Kingdom of France in the Middle Ages (roughly, from the 9th century to the middle of the 15th century) was marked by the fragmentation of the Carolingian Empire and West Francia (843–987); the expansion of royal control by the House of Capet (987–1328), including their struggles with the virtually independent principalities (duchies and counties, such as the Norman and Angevin regions) that had developed following the Viking invasions and through the piecemeal dismantling of the Carolingian Empire and the creation and extension of administrative/state control (notably under Philip II Augustus and Louis IX) in the 13th century; and the rise of the House of Valois (1328–1589), including the protracted dynastic crisis of the Hundred Years' War with the Kingdom of England (1337–1453) compounded by the catastrophic Black Death epidemic (1348), which laid the seeds for a more centralized and expanded state in the early modern period and the creation of a sense of French identity.

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France–Asia relations

France–Asia relations span a period of more than two millennia, starting in the 6th century BCE with the establishment of Marseille by Greeks from Asia Minor, and continuing in the 3rd century BCE with Gaulish invasions of Asia Minor to form the kingdom of Galatia and Frankish Crusaders forming the Crusader States.

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Franche-Comté

Franche-Comté (literally "Free County", Frainc-Comtou dialect: Fraintche-Comtè; Franche-Comtât; Freigrafschaft; Franco Condado) is a former administrative region and a traditional province of eastern France.

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French battleship Brennus

Brennus was the first pre-dreadnought battleship of the French Navy built in the late 19th century.

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French immigration to Cuba

French immigration to Cuba began in Cuba already in the eighteenth century, to be strengthened significantly since the nineteenth century.

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French nobility

The French nobility (la noblesse) was a privileged social class in France during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period to the revolution in 1790.

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French people

The French (Français) are a Latin European ethnic group and nation who are identified with the country of France.

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French–German enmity

French–German (Franco-German) enmity (Rivalité franco-allemande Deutsch–französische Erbfeindschaft) was the idea of unavoidably hostile relations and mutual revanchism between Germans and French people that arose in the 16th century and became popular with the Franco–Prussian War of 1870–1871.

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Furia (gens)

The gens Furia, originally written Fusia, and sometimes found as Fouria on coins, was one of the most ancient and noble patrician houses at Rome.

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Gabali

The Gabali were a Gallic Tribe from Gallia Aquitania, in the mountainous region, where the Oltis (Lot) and the Elaver (Allier) emerge.

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Gabiniani

The Gabiniani (in English Gabinians) were 2000 legionaries and 500 cavalry auxilia left in the Ptolemaic Kingdom by the general Aulus Gabinius after his military restoration of Pharaoh Ptolemy XII Auletes on the Egyptian throne in 55 BCE.

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Gaillac

Gaillac is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France.

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Gaius Fabius Ambustus

Gaius Fabius Ambustus was consul of the Roman Republic in 358 BC, in which year, according to Livy, a dictator was appointed through fear of the Gauls.

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Gaius Julius Caesar (name)

Gaius Julius Caesar (ΓΑΙΟΣ ΙΟΥΛΙΟΣ ΚΑΙΣΑΡΓάιος Ιούλιος Καίσαρ (Gáios Ioúlios Kaísar)) was a prominent name of the Gens Julia from Roman Republican times, borne by a number of figures, but most notably by the general and dictator Julius Caesar.

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Gaius Julius Iulus (consular tribune 408 BC)

Gaius Julius S. f. Vop.

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Gaius Julius Iulus (dictator 352 BC)

Gaius Julius Iulus was a member of the Roman gens Julia, and was nominated dictator in 352 BC.

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Gaius Julius Vercondaridubnus

Gaius Julius Vercondaridubnus (fl. 1st century BCE) was a Gaul of the civitas of the Aedui.

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Gaius Julius Vindex

Gaius Julius Vindex (born ca. AD 25; died AD 68), of a noble Gaulish family of Aquitania given senatorial status under Claudius, was a Roman governor in the province of Gallia Lugdunensis.

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Gaius Valerius Troucillus

Gaius Valerius Troucillus or Procillus (fl. mid-1st century BC) was a Helvian Celt who served as an interpreter and envoy for Julius Caesar in the first year of the Gallic Wars.

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Galas

In Greek mythology, Galas (Greek: Γάλας) was the eponymous founder of the Gauls.

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Galata

Galata (in Greek was known as Galatas (Γαλατᾶς, Galatás)) was a neighbourhood opposite Constantinople (today's Istanbul, Turkey), located at the northern shore of the Golden Horn, the inlet which separates it from the historic peninsula of old Constantinople.

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Galatia

Ancient Galatia (Γαλατία, Galatía) was an area in the highlands of central Anatolia (Ankara, Çorum, Yozgat Province) in modern Turkey.

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Galatian War

The Galatian War was a war between the Galatian Gauls and the Roman Republic supported by their allies Pergamum in 189 BC.

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Galatians

Galatians may refer to.

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Galatians (people)

The Galatians (Latin: Gallograeci; Greek: Γαλάται) were a Gallic people of the Hellenistic period that dwelt mainly in the north central regions of Asia Minor or Anatolia, in what was known as Galatia, in today's Turkey.

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Gallarate

Gallarate (Lombard: Galaraa) is a city and comune of Alto Milanese of Lombardy and of Milan metropolitan area, northern Italy, in the Province of Varese.

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Galli (disambiguation)

Galli were priests of the Phrygian goddess Cybele.

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Gallia (disambiguation)

Gallia (English: Gaul), was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age occupied by present-day France, Belgium and other neighbouring countries.

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Gallia (gens)

The gens Gallia was a plebeian family at Rome.

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Gallia (goddess)

Gallia was a Romano-Gallic goddess, possibly related to the region of Europe known to the Romans as Gallia (Gaul).

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Gallia Belgica

Gallia Belgica ("Belgic Gaul") was a province of the Roman empire located in the north-eastern part of Roman Gaul, in what is today primarily Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.

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Gallia Celtica

Gallia Celtica, meaning "Celtic Gaul" in Latin, was a cultural region of Gaul inhabited by Celts, located in what is now Switzerland, France, Luxembourg and the west bank of the Rhine in Germany.

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Gallia Narbonensis

Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France.

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Gallic

Gallic is an adjective that may describe.

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Gallic rooster

The Gallic rooster (coq gaulois) is an unofficial national symbol of France as a nation, as opposed to Marianne representing France as a State, and its values: the Republic.

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Gallic Wars

The Gallic Wars were a series of military campaigns waged by the Roman proconsul Julius Caesar against several Gallic tribes.

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Gallier

Gallier is a surname that may refer to.

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Gallo-Roman religion

Gallo-Roman religion was a fusion of the traditional religious practices of the Gauls, who were originally Celtic speakers, and the Roman and Hellenistic religions introduced to the region under Roman Imperial rule.

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Gambrinus

Gambrinus, is a legendary European culture hero celebrated as an icon of beer, brewing, joviality, and joie de vivre.

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Gannat

Gannat is a commune in the Allier department in central France.

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Gascony

Gascony (Gascogne; Gascon: Gasconha; Gaskoinia) is an area of southwest France that was part of the "Province of Guyenne and Gascony" prior to the French Revolution.

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Gaul

Gaul (Latin: Gallia) was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine.

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Gaul (disambiguation)

Gaul was an ancient region in Western Europe approximating present-day France, Belgium, north Italy and adjacent areas.

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Gaulish language

Gaulish was an ancient Celtic language that was spoken in parts of Europe as late as the Roman Empire.

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Gauls

The Gauls were Celtic people inhabiting Gaul in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly from the 5th century BC to the 5th century AD).

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Gévaudan

Gévaudan (Gavaudan, Gevaudan) is a historical area of France in Lozère département.

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Geir

Geir is a masculine name commonly given in Norway and Iceland.

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Gellia (gens)

The gens Gellia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome, where they settled after the Second Punic War.

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Genetic history of Italy

The genetic history of the Italians is greatly influenced by geography and history.

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Georges Vacher de Lapouge

Count Georges Vacher de Lapouge (12 December 1854, in Neuville-de-Poitou – 20 February 1936, in Poitiers) was a French anthropologist and a theoretician of eugenics and racialism.

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Germani cisrhenani

The germani cisrhenani, Latin for Germani "on this side of the Rhine" (cisrhenane), were a group of tribes who lived during classical times to the west of the Rhine river.

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Germania

"Germania" was the Roman term for the geographical region in north-central Europe inhabited mainly by Germanic peoples.

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Germanic calendar

The Germanic calendars were the regional calendars used amongst the early Germanic peoples, prior to the adoption of the Julian calendar in the Early Middle Ages.

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Germanic peoples

The Germanic peoples (also called Teutonic, Suebian, or Gothic in older literature) are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group of Northern European origin.

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Giacomo Benevelli

Giacomo Benevelli (1925 in Reggio Emilia, North of Italy – July 13, 2011 in Pavia, Italy) was an Italian and French sculptor.

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Glossary of ancient Roman religion

The vocabulary of ancient Roman religion was highly specialized.

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Gnaeus Julius Agricola

Gnaeus Julius Agricola (13 June 40 – 23 August 93) was a Gallo-Roman general responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain.

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Gnaeus Manlius Vulso

Gnaeus Manlius Vulso (fl. 189 BC) was a Roman consul for the year 189 BC, together with Marcus Fulvius Nobilior.

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Golasecca culture

The Golasecca culture (9th - 4th century BC) was a Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age culture in northern Italy, whose type-site was excavated at Golasecca in the province of Varese, Lombardy, where, in the area of Monsorino at the beginning of the 19th century, Abbot Giovanni Battista Giani made the first findings of about fifty graves with pottery and metal objects.

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Gomer

Gomer (גֹּמֶר, Standard Hebrew Gómer, Tiberian Hebrew Gōmer) was the eldest son of Japheth (and of the Japhetic line), and father of Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah, according to the "Table of Nations" in the Hebrew Bible (Genesis 10).

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Gotini

The Gotini (in Tacitus), who are generally equated to the Cotini in other sources, were a Gaulish tribe living during Roman times in the mountains approximately near the modern borders of the Czech Republic, Poland (Silesia), and Slovakia.

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Gouais blanc

Gouais blanc or Weißer Heunisch is a white grape variety that is seldom grown today but is important as the ancestor of many traditional French and German grape varieties.

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Graioceli

The Graioceli were a Gaulish tribe whose lands lay in the upper valley of Maurienne (France) and in the vicinity of Alpis Graia (modern Little St Bernard Pass), as well as in adjoining sections of northwestern Piedmont (Italy) in the Graian Alps.

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Grand Griffon Vendéen

A Grand Griffon Vendéen is a breed of hunting dog originating in France.

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Gratian

Gratian (Flavius Gratianus Augustus; Γρατιανός; 18 April/23 May 359 – 25 August 383) was Roman emperor from 367 to 383.

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Grave Creek Stone

The Grave Creek Stone is a small sandstone disk inscribed on one side with some twenty-five characters, purportedly discovered in 1838 at Grave Creek Mound in Moundsville, West Virginia.

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Greco-Bactrian Kingdom

The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was – along with the Indo-Greek Kingdom – the easternmost part of the Hellenistic world, covering Bactria and Sogdiana in Central Asia from 250 to 125 BC.

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Gregorian mission

The Gregorian missionJones "Gregorian Mission" Speculum p. 335 or Augustinian missionMcGowan "Introduction to the Corpus" Companion to Anglo-Saxon Literature p. 17 was a Christian mission sent by Pope Gregory the Great in 596 to convert Britain's Anglo-Saxons.

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Greylag goose

The greylag goose (Anser anser) is a species of large goose in the waterfowl family Anatidae and the type species of the genus Anser.

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Griffon

Griffon is a type of dog - a collection of breeds that were originally hunting dogs.

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Guilden Morden boar

The Guilden Morden boar is a sixth- or seventh-century Anglo-Saxon copper alloy figure of a boar that may have once served as the crest of a helmet.

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Hamilcar's victory with Naravas

The battle following the defection of Numidian chieftain Naravas to Hamilcar Barca was fought between Carthaginian forces commanded by Hamilcar Barca and part of the combined forces of Carthage's former mercenary armies during the Mercenary War, which Carthage had formerly employed during the First Punic War, and those of rebelling Libyan cities supporting the mercenaries.

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Hannibal

Hannibal Barca (𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋 𐤁𐤓𐤒 ḥnb‘l brq; 247 – between 183 and 181 BC) was a Carthaginian general, considered one of the greatest military commanders in history.

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Hanno the Elder

Hanno was the name of several Carthaginian generals.

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Hanno, son of Bomilcar

Hanno, son of Bomilcar, was a Carthaginian officer in the Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC), and nephew of Hannibal Barca, Carthage's leading general.

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Hans Clarin

Hans Clarin (14 September 1929 – 28 August 2005) was a German actor.

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Haplogroup I-M170

Haplogroup I (M170) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

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Hastati

Hastati (singular: Hastatus) were a class of infantry employed in the armies of the early Roman Republic who originally fought as spearmen, and later as swordsmen.

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HD 149026

HD 149026, also named Ogma, is a yellow subgiant star approximately 250 light-years from the Sun in the constellation of Hercules.

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HD 149026 b

HD 149026 b, also named Smertrios, is an extrasolar planet approximately 250 light-years from the Sun in the constellation of Hercules.

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Hellenistic Greece

In the context of ancient Greek art, architecture, and culture, Hellenistic Greece corresponds to the period between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the annexation of the classical Greek heartlands by the Roman Republic.

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Helvetii

The Helvetii (anglicized Helvetians) were a Gallic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC.

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Helvia (gens)

The gens Helvia was a plebeian family at Rome.

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Heraclea Pontica

__notoc__ Heraclea Pontica (Ἡράκλεια Ποντική Hērakleia Pontikē) was an ancient city on the coast of Bithynia in Asia Minor, at the mouth of the river Lycus.

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Herippe

In Greek mythology, Herippe (Ἑρίππη) was a woman from Miletus, wife of Xanthus and mother of an unnamed two-year-old child.

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Herod the Great

Herod (Greek:, Hērōdēs; 74/73 BCE – c. 4 BCE/1 CE), also known as Herod the Great and Herod I, was a Roman client king of Judea, referred to as the Herodian kingdom.

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Hipposandal

The Hipposandal (Latin soleae ferreae), by Dr.

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Historiography and nationalism

Historiography is the study of how history is written.

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History of Amiens

Amiens is a city and commune in northern France, north of Paris and south-west of Lille.

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History of Anatolia

The history of Anatolia (Asia Minor) can be roughly subdivided into prehistory, Ancient Near East (Bronze Age and Early Iron Age), Classical Anatolia, Hellenistic Anatolia, Byzantine Anatolia, the age of the Crusades followed by the gradual Seljuk/Ottoman conquest in the 13th to 14th centuries, Ottoman Anatolia (14th to 19th centuries) and the modern history of the Republic of Turkey.

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History of Auvergne

The history of the Auvergne dates back to the early Middle Ages, when it was a historic province in south central France.

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History of bread

Bread was central to the formation of early human societies.

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History of Bulgaria

The history of Bulgaria can be traced from the first settlements on the lands of modern Bulgaria to its formation as a nation-state and includes the history of the Bulgarian people and their origin.

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History of England

England became inhabited more than 800,000 years ago, as the discovery of stone tools and footprints at Happisburgh in Norfolk has revealed.

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History of France

The first written records for the history of France appeared in the Iron Age.

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History of Galicia

The Iberian Peninsula has been inhabited for at least 500,000 years, first by Neanderthals and then by modern humans.

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History of Greece

The history of Greece encompasses the history of the territory of the modern nation state of Greece as well as that of the Greek people and the areas they inhabited and ruled historically.

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History of Italy

In archaic times, ancient Greeks, Etruscans and Celts established settlements in the south, the centre and the north of Italy respectively, while various Italian tribes and Italic peoples inhabited the Italian peninsula and insular Italy.

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History of Luxembourg

The history of Luxembourg consists of the history of the country of Luxembourg and its geographical area.

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History of Normandy

Normandy was a province in the North-West of France under the Ancien Régime which lasted until the latter part of the 18th century.

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History of Rennes

Rennes, France, is the administrative capital of the French department of Ille-et-Vilaine.

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History of Rome

Roman history has been among the most influential to the modern world, from supporting the tradition of the rule by law to influencing the American Founding Fathers to the creation of the Catholic church.

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History of salt in Middlewich

Middlewich, a town in northwest England, lies on the confluence of three rivers – the Dane, the Croco and the Wheelock.

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History of slavery

The history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and religions from ancient times to the present day.

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History of Switzerland

Since 1848, the Swiss Confederation has been a federal state of relatively autonomous cantons, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, putting them among the world's oldest surviving republics.

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History of the Alps

The valleys of the Alps have been inhabited since prehistoric times.

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History of the horse in Britain

The known history of the horse in Britain starts with horse remains found in Pakefield, Suffolk, dating from 700,000 BC, and in Boxgrove, West Sussex, dating from 500,000 BC.

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History of the Netherlands

The history of the Netherlands is the history of seafaring people thriving on a lowland river delta on the North Sea in northwestern Europe.

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History of the Roman Empire

The history of the Roman Empire covers the history of Ancient Rome from the fall of the Roman Republic in 27 BC until the abdication of the last Western emperor in 476 AD.

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History of Toulouse

The history of Toulouse, in Midi-Pyrénées, southern France, traces back to ancient times.

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History of Trieste

The history of Trieste began with the formation of a town of modest size in pre-Roman times, which acquired proper urban connotations only after the conquest (second century BC) and colonisation by Rome.

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History of Turkey

The history of Turkey, understood as the history of the region now forming the territory of the Republic of Turkey, includes the history of both Anatolia (the Asian part of Turkey) and Eastern Thrace (the European part of Turkey).

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History of wine

The earliest archaeological evidence of grape wine has been found at sites in Georgia (BC), Iran (BC), Greece (BC), and Sicily (BC) although there is earlier evidence of a wine made from fermented grapes among other fruits being consumed in China (c. 7000–5500 BC).

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Hoeilaart

Hoeilaart is a municipality in the province of Flemish Brabant, Belgium.

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Hooded Spirits

The Hooded Spirits or Genii Cucullati are figures found in religious sculpture across the Romano-Celtic region from Britain to Pannonia, depicted as "cloaked scurrying figures carved in an almost abstract manner" (Henig, 62).

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Horncastle helmet fragment

The Horncastle helmet fragment is a decorated Anglo-Saxon boar's head that likely was once attached to the crest of a helmet.

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Horses in the Middle Ages

Horses in the Middle Ages differed in size, build and breed from the modern horse, and were, on average, smaller.

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Howdah

A howdah, or houdah (Hindi: हौदा haudā), derived from the Arabic هودج (hawdaj), that means "bed carried by a camel", also known as hathi howdah (हाथी हौदा), is a carriage which is positioned on the back of an elephant, or occasionally some other animal such as camels, used most often in the past to carry wealthy people or for use in hunting or warfare.

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Hu Gadarn

Hu Gadarn (Hu the Mighty) is a supposed Welsh legendary figure who appears in several of a series of Welsh Triads produced by the Welsh antiquarian and literary forger Iolo Morganwg.

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Human sacrifice

Human sacrifice is the act of killing one or more humans, usually as an offering to a deity, as part of a ritual.

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Hyperborea

In Greek mythology the Hyperboreans (Ὑπερβόρε(ι)οι,; Hyperborei) were a mythical race of giants who lived "beyond the North Wind".

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Illyrian warfare

The history of Illyrian warfare spans from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC up to the 1st century AD in the region of Illyria and in southern Italy where the Iapygian civilization flourished.

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Illyrians

The Illyrians (Ἰλλυριοί, Illyrioi; Illyrii or Illyri) were a group of Indo-European tribes in antiquity, who inhabited part of the western Balkans.

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Illyrius

Illyrius (Ἰλλυριός, Illyriós) is a name known in different stories found in ancient Greek mythology.

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Indo-European migrations

Indo-European migrations were the migrations of pastoral peoples speaking the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE), who departed from the Yamnaya and related cultures in the Pontic–Caspian steppe, starting at.

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Indo-Greek Kingdom

The Indo-Greek Kingdom or Graeco-Indian Kingdom was an Hellenistic kingdom covering various parts of Afghanistan and the northwest regions of the Indian subcontinent (parts of modern Pakistan and northwestern India), during the last two centuries BC and was ruled by more than thirty kings, often conflicting with one another.

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Insubres

The Insubres or Insubri were a Gaulish population settled in Insubria, in what is now the Italian region of Lombardy.

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Interpretatio graeca

Interpretatio graeca (Latin, "Greek translation" or "interpretation by means of Greek ") is a discourse in which ancient Greek religious concepts and practices, deities, and myths are used to interpret or attempt to understand the mythology and religion of other cultures.

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Iron Age Europe

In Europe, the Iron Age may be defined as including the last stages of the prehistoric period and the first of the proto-historic periods.

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Iron Age sword

Swords made of iron (as opposed to bronze) appear from the Early Iron Age (c. 12th century BC), but do not become widespread before the 8th century BC.

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Italians

The Italians (Italiani) are a Latin European ethnic group and nation native to the Italian peninsula.

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Itonia

Itonia, Itonias or Itonis (Gr. Ἰτωνία, Ἰτωνίας or Ἰτωνίς) was an epithet of the Greek goddess Athena worshiped widely in Thessaly and elsewhere.

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Ivry-sur-Seine

Ivry-sur-Seine is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France.

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Javelin

A javelin is a light spear designed primarily to be thrown, historically as a ranged weapon, but today predominantly for sport.

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Jean-Baptiste Baujault

Jean-Baptiste Baujault (born 19 April 1828 in La Crèche, Deux-Sèvres, died in 1899) was a French sculptor.

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Joseph Vaissète

Dom Joseph Vaissète (or Vaissette) (1685 – 1756) was a scholarly French Benedictine monk who wrote a history of Languedoc and a geography of the world as it was known in his day.

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Julia (gens)

The gens Julia or Iulia was one of the most ancient patrician families at Ancient Rome.

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Julius Caesar (miniseries)

Julius Caesar is a 2003 mini-series about the life of Julius Caesar.

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Julius Sabinus

Julius Sabinus was an aristocratic Gaul of the Lingones at the time of the Batavian rebellion of AD 69.

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July 18

No description.

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Juventia (gens)

The gens Juventia, occasionally written Jubentia, was an ancient plebeian family at Rome.

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La Rochelle

La Rochelle is a city in western France and a seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean.

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La Tène culture

The La Tène culture was a European Iron Age culture named after the archaeological site of La Tène on the north side of Lake Neuchâtel in Switzerland, where thousands of objects had been deposited in the lake, as was discovered after the water level dropped in 1857.

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La vestale (Mercadante)

La vestale (The Vestal Virgin) is an opera by the Italian composer Saverio Mercadante.

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Laetoria (gens)

The gens Laetoria was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.

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Langres

Langres is a commune in northeastern France.

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Languages of the Roman Empire

Latin and Greek were the official languages of the Roman Empire, but other languages were important regionally.

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Lars Tolumnius

Lars Tolumnius (Etruscan: Larth Tulumnes, d. 437 BC), was the most famous king of the wealthy Etruscan city-state of Veii, roughly ten miles northwest of Rome, best remembered for instigating a war with Rome that ended in a decisive Roman victory.

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Latin War

The (Second) Latin War (340–338 BC)The Romans customarily dated events by noting which consuls held office that year, The Latin War broke out in the year in which Titus Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus and Publius Decius Mus were consuls, and ended when Lucius Furius Camillus and Gaius Maenius were consuls.

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Le Vernet, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence

Le Vernet is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, and in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, in southeastern France.

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League (unit)

A league is a unit of length.

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Lebor Gabála Érenn

Lebor Gabála Érenn (The Book of the Taking of Ireland) is a collection of poems and prose narratives that purports to be a history of Ireland and the Irish from the creation of the world to the Middle Ages.

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Lepontic language

Lepontic is an ancient Alpine Celtic language that was spoken in parts of Rhaetia and Cisalpine Gaul (what is now Northern Italy) between 550 and 100 BC.

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Leuci

The Leuci were a Gallic tribe, recorded to have lived in the southern part of what is now Lorraine.

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Leves

Leves (Singular: Levis) were javelin-armed skirmishers in the army of the early Roman Republic.

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Lexovisaurus

Lexovisaurus is a genus of stegosaur from mid-to-Late Jurassic Europe, 164.7 mya.

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Liborius of Le Mans

Liborius of Le Mans (c. 348–397) was the second Bishop of Le Mans.

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Library of Congress Classification:Class D -- History, General and Old World

Class D: History, General and Old World is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system.

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Liburnia

Liburnia in ancient geography was the land of the Liburnians, a region along the northeastern Adriatic coast in Europe, in modern Croatia, whose borders shifted according to the extent of the Liburnian dominance at a given time between 11th and 1st century BC.

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Licinia (gens)

The gens Licinia was a celebrated plebeian family at Rome, which appears from the earliest days of the Republic until imperial times, and which eventually obtained the imperial dignity.

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Ligures

The Ligures (singular Ligus or Ligur; English: Ligurians, Greek: Λίγυες) were an ancient Indo-European people who appear to have originated in, and gave their name to, Liguria, a region of north-western Italy.

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Limburg (Belgium)

Limburg (Dutch and Limburgish: Limburg; Limbourg) is a province in Belgium.

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List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations

The following is a list of adjectival and demonymic forms of countries and nations in English and their demonymic equivalents.

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List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes

This is a list of Celtic tribes, listed in order of the Roman province (after Roman conquest) or the general area in which they lived.

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List of ancient Germanic peoples and tribes

This list of Germanic tribes is a list of tribes, tribal groups, and other connections and alliances of ethnic groups and tribes that were considered Germanic in ancient times.

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List of ancient Ligurian tribes

The Ligures (singular Ligus or Ligur; English: Ligurians; Greek: Λίγυες) were an ancient Indo-European people who appear to have originated in, and gave their name to, Liguria, a region of north-western Italy.

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List of Celtic deities

The Celtic pantheon is known from a variety of sources such as written Celtic mythology, ancient places of worship, statues, engravings, religious objects, and place or personal names.

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List of Celtic place names in Italy

The Celtic toponymy of Italy are the place names that, through the reconstruction of the historical and linguistic origin, are attributed to language of Celts allocated once in Italy, between the northern regions and in some areas of central Italy.

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List of deities of wine and beer

Deities of wine and beer include a number of agricultural deities associated with the fruits and grains used to produce alcoholic beverages, as well as the processes of fermentation and distillation.

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List of French military leaders

The following is a list of famous French military leaders from the Gauls to modern France.

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List of French words of Germanic origin

This is a list of Standard French words and phrases deriving from any Germanic language of any period, whether incorporated in the formation of the French language or borrowed at any time thereafter.

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List of individual birds

This is a list of well-known real birds.

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List of kings of Galatia

Galatia was a region of Central Anatolia settled by the Gauls after their invasions in the mid-3rd century BC.

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List of revolutions and rebellions

This is a list of revolutions and rebellions.

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List of Roman auxiliary regiments

This article lists auxilia, non-legionary auxiliary regiments of the imperial Roman army, attested in the epigraphic record, by Roman province of deployment during the reign of emperor Hadrian (117–).

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List of Roman deities

The Roman deities most familiar today are those the Romans identified with Greek counterparts (see interpretatio graeca), integrating Greek myths, iconography, and sometimes religious practices into Roman culture, including Latin literature, Roman art, and religious life as it was experienced throughout the Empire.

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List of Roman gladiator types

There were many different types of gladiators in ancient Rome.

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List of Roman wars and battles

The following is a List of Roman wars and battles fought by the ancient Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire, organized by date.

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List of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula

This is a list of the Pre-Roman people of the Iberian peninsula (the Roman Hispania, i. e., modern Portugal, Spain and Andorra).

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List of wars before 1000

This is a list of wars that began before 1000 AD. Other wars can be found in the historical lists of wars and the list of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity.

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List of wars involving France

The following is an incomplete list of French wars and battles from the Gauls to modern France.

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Litaviccus

Litaviccus (ca. 50 BC) was a member of the Gallic tribe of Aedui.

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Livia (gens)

The gens Livia was an illustrious plebeian family at ancient Rome.

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Llefelys

Llefelys (Middle Welsh orthography Llevelys, Lleuelys, Llefelis) is a character in Welsh mythology appearing in the medieval Welsh tale Cyfranc Lludd a Llefelys.

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Lleu Llaw Gyffes

Lleu Llaw Gyffes (sometimes misspelled Llew Llaw Gyffes) is a hero of Welsh mythology.

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Lludd and Llefelys

Lludd and Llefelys (Cyfranc Lludd a Llefelys) is a Middle Welsh prose tale written down in the 12th or 13th century; it was included in the Mabinogion by Lady Charlotte Guest in the 19th century.

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Lodi, Lombardy

Lodi (Lombard: Lòd) is a city and comune in Lombardy, northern Italy, on primarily on the western bank of the River Adda.

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Loire

The Loire (Léger; Liger) is the longest river in France and the 171st longest in the world.

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Lombard language

Lombard (native name lumbàart, lumbard or lombard, depending on the orthography) is a language belonging to the Cisalpine or Gallo-Italic group, within the Romance languages.

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Lombardy

Lombardy (Lombardia; Lumbardia, pronounced: (Western Lombard), (Eastern Lombard)) is one of the twenty administrative regions of Italy, in the northwest of the country, with an area of.

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Long hair

Long hair is a hairstyle where the head hair is allowed to grow to a considerable length.

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Lormont

Lormont is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

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Louis Laurent Gabriel de Mortillet

Louis Laurent Gabriel de Mortillet (29 August 1821 – 25 September 1898), French archeologist and anthropologist, was born at Meylan, Isère.

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Luc-en-Diois

Luc-en-Diois (Latin: Lucus Augusti or Lucus) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Lucaria

In ancient Roman religion, the Lucaria was a festival of the grove (Latin lucus) held July 19 and 21.

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Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus

Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus (died c. 280 BC) was one of the two elected Roman consuls in 298 BC.

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Lucius Furius Medullinus

Lucius Furius Medullinus (c. 445 BC – c. 375 BC), of the patrician gens Furia, was a politician and general of the Roman Republic who was consul twice and Consular Tribune seven times.

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Lucius Julius

Lucius Julius was a combination of praenomen (first name) and the Julian ''gens'' name used by several men of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire.

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Lucius Julius Caesar

Lucius Julius Caesar was the name of several men of the gens Julia at ancient Rome.

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Lucius Julius Caesar (praetor 183 BC)

Lucius Julius Sex.

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Lucius Postumius Megellus (consul 305 BC)

Lucius Postumius Megellus (c. 345 BC – c. 260 BC) was a politician and general during the middle years of the Roman Republic.

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Lucius Quinctius Flamininus

Lucius Quinctius Flamininus (died 170 BC) was a Roman politician and general who served as consul in 192 BC alongside Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus.

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Lucretia (gens)

The gens Lucretia was a prominent family of the Roman Republic.

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Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus

The Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus or "Great" Ludovisi sarcophagus is an ancient Roman sarcophagus dating to around AD 250–260 from a tomb near the Porta Tiburtina.

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Ludovisi Gaul

The Ludovisi Gaul Killing Himself and His Wife (sometimes called "The Galatian Suicide") is a Roman marble group depicting a man in the act of plunging a sword into his breast, looking backwards defiantly while he supports the dying figure of a woman with his left arm.

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Lusones

The Lusones (Greek: Lousones) were an ancient Celtiberian (Pre-Roman) people of the Iberian Peninsula (the Roman Hispania), who lived in the high Tajuña River valley, northeast of Guadalajara.

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Lusus Troiae

The Lusus Troiae, also as Ludus Troiae and ludicrum Troiae ("Troy Game" or "Game of Troy") was an equestrian event held in ancient Rome.

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Mabon ap Modron

Mabon ap Modron is a prominent figure from Welsh literature and mythology, the son of Modron and a member of Arthur's war band.

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Macedonia (ancient kingdom)

Macedonia or Macedon (Μακεδονία, Makedonía) was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece.

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Magasa, Lombardy

Magasa is a town and comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy in northern Italy.

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Manlia (gens)

The gens Manlia was one of the oldest and noblest patrician houses at Rome, from the earliest days of the Republic until imperial times.

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Mantua

Mantua (Mantova; Emilian and Latin: Mantua) is a city and comune in Lombardy, Italy, and capital of the province of the same name.

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Marcia (gens)

The gens Marcia, occasionally written Martia, was one of the oldest and noblest houses at ancient Rome.

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Marcus Antonius Gnipho

Marcus Antonius Gnipho (fl. 1st century BC) was a grammarianMcNelis, C. (2007) "Grammarians and rhetoricians" in Dominik, W. and Hall, J. (eds.) A companion to Roman rhetoric.

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Marcus Atilius Regulus

Marcus Atilius Regulus (born probably before 307 BC–250 BC) was a Roman statesman and general who was a consul of the Roman Republic in 267 BC and 256 BC.

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Marcus Claudius Marcellus

Marcus Claudius Marcellus (c. 268 – 208 BC), five times elected as consul of the Roman Republic, was an important Roman military leader during the Gallic War of 225 BC and the Second Punic War.

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Marcus Furius Camillus (consul of 8 AD)

Marcus Furius Camillus, Senator and Consul of 8 AD, was a close friend of the emperor Tiberius.

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Marcus Manlius Capitolinus

Marcus Manlius Capitolinus (died 384 BC) was consul of the Roman Republic in 392 BC.

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Marcus Valerius Corvus

Marcus Valerius Corvus Calenus (c. 370 – c. 270 BC) was an important military commander and politician from the early-to-middle period of the Roman Republic.

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Martel, Lot

Martel is a commune in the Lot department in southwestern France.

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Marzabotto

Marzabotto (Medial Mountain Bolognese: Marzabòt) is a small town and comune in Italian region Emilia-Romagna, part of the Metropolitan City of Bologna.

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May Revolution

The May Revolution (Revolución de Mayo) was a week-long series of events that took place from May 18 to 25, 1810, in Buenos Aires, capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.

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Medulli

A Gaulish people, the Medulli belonged to the group of mountain tribes controlling access to high Alps passes, along with the Centrones in Tarentaise Valley and the Salassi in Aosta Valley, especially for the trade of metals (tin, iron and copper).

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Melun

Melun is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

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Memmia (gens)

The gens Memmia was a plebeian family at Rome.

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Merovingian dynasty

The Merovingians were a Salian Frankish dynasty that ruled the Franks for nearly 300 years in a region known as Francia in Latin, beginning in the middle of the 5th century.

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Metamorphoses

The Metamorphoses (Metamorphōseōn librī: "Books of Transformations") is a Latin narrative poem by the Roman poet Ovid, considered his magnum opus.

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Meudon

Meudon is a municipality in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France.

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Michalovce

Michalovce (Nagymihály, Großmichel, Romani: Mihalya, Yiddish: Mikhaylovets or Mykhaylovyts; Михайлівці) is a town on the Laborec river in eastern Slovakia.

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Migration Period spear

The spear or lance, together with the bow, the sword, the seax and the shield, was the main equipment of the Germanic warriors during the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages.

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Mile

The mile is an English unit of length of linear measure equal to 5,280 feet, or 1,760 yards, and standardised as exactly 1,609.344 metres by international agreement in 1959.

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Military establishment of the Roman kingdom

The city of Rome, founded in a strategic location among a war-like people (the Etruscans), needed to concern itself with military activity from the start.

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Military of Carthage

The military of Carthage was one of the largest military forces in the ancient world.

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Minucia (gens)

The gens Minucia was a Roman family, which flourished from the earliest days of the Republic until imperial times.

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Mithridates I of Pontus

Mithridates I Ctistes (in Greek Mιθριδάτης Kτίστης; reigned 281–266 BCE), also known as Mithridates III of Cius, was a Persian nobleman and the founder (this is the meaning of the word Ctistes, literally Builder) of the Kingdom of Pontus in Anatolia.

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Mithridates II of Pontus

Mithridates II (in Greek Mιθριδάτης; lived 3rd century BC), third king of Pontus and son of Ariobarzanes, whom he succeeded on the throne.

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Mithridates VI of Pontus

Mithridates VI or Mithradates VI (Μιθραδάτης, Μιθριδάτης), from Old Persian Miθradāta, "gift of Mithra"; 135–63 BC, also known as Mithradates the Great (Megas) and Eupator Dionysius, was king of Pontus and Armenia Minor in northern Anatolia (now Turkey) from about 120–63 BC.

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Montmajour Abbey

Montmajour Abbey, formally the Abbey of St. Peter in Montmajour (Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Montmajour), was a fortified Benedictine monastery built between the 10th and 18th centuries on what was originally an island five kilometers north of Arles, in what is now the Bouches-du-Rhône Department, in the region of Provence in the south of France.

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Monunius I

Monunius (Μονούνιος; ruled c. 290 – c. 270 BC) was an Illyrian king of the Dardanian State.

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Monza

Monza (Mùnscia; Modoetia) is a city and comune on the River Lambro, a tributary of the Po in the Lombardy region of Italy, about north-northeast of Milan.

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Morgan le Fay

Morgan le Fay, alternatively known as Morgaine, Morgain, Morgana, Morganna, Morgant, Morgane, Morgen, Morgne, Morgue and other names and spellings, is a powerful enchantress in the Arthurian legend.

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Mouvement Normand

The Mouvement normand (Norman Movement) is a regionalist political organisation from Normandy, in Northern France.

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Musée Fesch

The musée Fesch (officially, Palais Fesch-musée des beaux-arts) is the central museum of fine arts in Ajaccio on Corsica.

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Name of Switzerland

The English name of Switzerland is a compound containing Switzer, an obsolete term for the Swiss, which was in use during the 16th to 19th centuries.

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Names of Germany

Because of Germany's geographic position in the centre of Europe, as well as its long history as a non-united region of distinct tribes and states, there are many widely varying names of Germany in different languages, perhaps more so than for any other European nation.

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Names of the Celts

The various names used since classical times for the people known today as the Celts are of disparate origins.

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Nantes

Nantes (Gallo: Naunnt or Nantt) is a city in western France on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast.

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Narni

Narni (in Latin, Narnia) is an ancient hilltown and comune of Umbria, in central Italy, with 20,385 inhabitants (2008 census).

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National Archaeological Museum (France)

The musée d'Archéologie nationale is a major French archeology museum, covering pre-historic times to the Merovingian period.

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Natural borders of France

The natural borders of France (Frontières naturelles de la France) are a political and geographic theory developed in France, notably during the French Revolution.

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Navan Fort

Navan Fort (Old Irish: Emain Macha, Modern Irish: Eamhain Mhacha) is an ancient ceremonial monument near Armagh, Ireland.

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Necklace

A necklace is an article of jewelry that is worn around the neck.

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Nemetes

The Nemetes (occasionally Nemeti) were a tribe settled along the Upper Rhine by Ariovistus in the 1st century BC.

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Nemetona

Nemetona, or ‘she of the sacred grove’, is a Celtic goddess with roots in northeastern Gaul.

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Noble savage

A noble savage is a literary stock character who embodies the concept of the indigene, outsider, wild human, an "other" who has not been "corrupted" by civilization, and therefore symbolizes humanity's innate goodness.

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Nonia (gens)

The gens Nonia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.

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Normandy

Normandy (Normandie,, Norman: Normaundie, from Old French Normanz, plural of Normant, originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is one of the 18 regions of France, roughly referring to the historical Duchy of Normandy.

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Northern Italy

Northern Italy (Italia settentrionale or just Nord) is a geographical region in the northern part of Italy.

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Novempopulania

Novempopulania (Latin for "country of the nine peoples") was one of the provinces created by Diocletian (Roman emperor from 284 to 305) out of Gallia Aquitania, being also called Aquitania Tertia.

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Nummia (gens)

The gens Nummia was a plebeian family at Rome.

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October Horse

In ancient Roman religion, the October Horse (Latin Equus October) was an animal sacrifice to Mars carried out on October 15, coinciding with the end of the agricultural and military campaigning season.

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Odin

In Germanic mythology, Odin (from Óðinn /ˈoːðinː/) is a widely revered god.

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Oenomaus (disambiguation)

Oenomaus may refer to.

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Ogma

Ogma (modern spelling: Oghma) is a character from Irish mythology and Scottish mythology.

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Ogmios

Ogmios (also known as Ogmius; Ὄγμιος; Ogmius, Ogimius) was the Celtic deity of eloquence.

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Ogulnia (gens)

The gens Ogulnia was an ancient plebeian family at Rome.

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Olcades

The Olcades were an ancient stock-raising pre-Roman people from Hispania, who lived to the west of the Turboletae in the southeastern fringe of the Iberian system mountains.

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Old Sarum

Old Sarum is the site of the earliest settlement of Salisbury in England.

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Oppidum

An oppidum (plural oppida) is a large fortified Iron Age settlement.

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Oppidum d'Ensérune

The Oppidum d'Ensérune is an ancient hill-town (or oppidum) near the village of Nissan-lez-Ensérune, France, located between Béziers and Narbonne close to the D609 (formerly RN9) and Canal du Midi.

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Oppidum Zürich-Lindenhof

Lindenhof is the present name of the probably Helvetii oppidum on the Lindenhof hill on the western shore of the Limmat in Zürich.

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Orléans

Orléans is a prefecture and commune in north-central France, about 111 kilometres (69 miles) southwest of Paris.

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Osimo

Osimo is a town and comune of the Marche region of Italy, in the province of Ancona.

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Osismii

The Osismii were a Gaulish tribe on the western Armorican peninsula.

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Padanian Etruria

In the 8th century BC, the Etruscans expanded their power to Northern and Southern Italy, specifically towards Emilia and Campania, there they founded Etruscan dominions who are modernly known under the names of Padanian Etruria and Campanian Etruria.

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Padua

Padua (Padova; Pàdova) is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy.

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Paeonia (kingdom)

In antiquity, Paeonia or Paionia (Παιονία) was the land and kingdom of the Paeonians (Παίονες).

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Palestrina

Palestrina (ancient Praeneste; Πραίνεστος, Prainestos) is an ancient city and comune (municipality) with a population of about 21,000, in Lazio, about east of Rome.

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Pan-Celticism

Pan-Celticism (Pan-Chelteachas), also known as Celticism or Celtic nationalism is a political, social and cultural movement advocating solidarity and cooperation between Celtic nations (both the Gaelic and Brythonic branches) and the modern Celts in North-Western Europe.

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Papiria (gens)

The gens Papiria was an ancient patrician family at Rome.

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Parc Astérix

Parc Astérix is a theme amusement park in France, based on the comic book series Asterix (by Albert Uderzo and René Goscinny).

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Parisii (Gaul)

The Parisii were Celtic Iron Age people who lived on the banks of the river Seine (in Latin, Sequana) in Gaul from the middle of the 3rd century BCE until the Roman era.

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Parmigiano dialect

The Parmigiano dialect, sometimes the Parmesan dialect, (or al djalètt pramzàn) is a dialect of the Emilian language spoken in the Province of Parma, the western-central portion of the Emilia-Romagna administrative region.

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Parthian Empire

The Parthian Empire (247 BC – 224 AD), also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran and Iraq.

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Paul of Narbonne

Saint Paul of Narbonne (3rd century AD) was one of the "apostles to the Gauls" sent out (probably under the direction of Pope Fabian, 236–250) during the consulate of Decius and Gratus (250-251 AD) to Christianize Gaul after the persecutions under Emperor Decius had all but dissolved the small Christian communities.

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Pennines

The Pennines, also known as the Pennine Chain or Pennine Hills, are a range of mountains and hills in England separating North West England from Yorkshire and North East England.

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Pesaro

Pesaro is a town and comune in the Italian region of the Marche, capital of the Pesaro e Urbino province, on the Adriatic.

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Peterborough Chronicle

The Peterborough Chronicle (also called the Laud manuscript and the E manuscript), one of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, contains unique information about the history of England after the Norman Conquest.

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Philetaerus

Philetaerus (Φιλέταιρος, Philetairos, c. 343 –263 BC) was the founder of the Attalid dynasty of Pergamon in Anatolia.

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Philip V of Macedon

Philip V (Φίλιππος; 238–179 BC) was King (Basileus) of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from 221 to 179 BC.

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Phocis (ancient region)

Phocis was an ancient region in the central part of Ancient Greece, which included Delphi.

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Phoenice

Phoenice or Phoenike (Φοινίκη) was an ancient Greek city in Epirus and capital of the Chaonians.

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Phylacus

In Greek mythology, Phylacus (Φύλακος) was the name of the following figures.

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Picentes

The name Picentes or Picentini (Πίκεντες, Πικεντῖνοι) refers to the population of Picenum, on the northern Adriatic coastal plain of ancient Italy.

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Picquigny

Picquigny is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Pictones

The Pictones were a tribe inhabiting a region along the Bay of Biscay in what is now western France, along the south bank of the Loire.

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Pierres du Niton

The Pierres du Niton (French for Neptune's Stones) are two unusual rocks which are visible from Quai Gustave-Ador in the harbor of Lake Geneva, Switzerland.

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Pioneer Helmet

The Pioneer Helmet (also known as the Wollaston Helmet or Northamptonshire Helmet) is a boar-crested Anglo-Saxon helmet from the late seventh century found in Wollaston, Northamptonshire, United Kingdom.

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Pisa

Pisa is a city in the Tuscany region of Central Italy straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea.

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Pistoia

Pistoia is a city and comune in the Italian region of Tuscany, the capital of a province of the same name, located about west and north of Florence and is crossed by the Ombrone Pistoiese, a tributary of the River Arno.

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Plateau de Saclay

The Plateau de Saclay, also called Silicon Valley Européenne (in English, European Silicon Valley), is located north of Essonne and south-east of Yvelines, 20 km south of Paris.

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Pleistoros

Pleistoros was, according to Herodotus (The Histories, IX, 119), a Thracian god adored by the Gauls and the tribe "Absinthe" (Apsintieni) as the god of war.

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Po Valley

The Po Valley, Po Plain, Plain of the Po, or Padan Plain (Pianura Padana, or Val Padana) is a major geographical feature of Northern Italy.

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Poetelia (gens)

The gens Poetelia or Poetilia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.

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Polykastro

Polykastro (Πολύκαστρο, before 1928 Καρασούλι, Karasoúli; Pandektis: Name Changes of Settlements in Greece, compiled by the Bulgarian and Macedonian: Ругуновец, Rugunovec) is a town and a former municipality in Kilkis regional unit of Central Macedonia, Greece.

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Polyphemus

Polyphemus (Πολύφημος Polyphēmos) is the giant son of Poseidon and Thoosa in Greek mythology, one of the Cyclopes described in Homer's Odyssey.

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Pompeia (gens)

The gens Pompeia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome, first appearing in history during the second century BC, and frequently occupying the highest offices of the Roman state from then until imperial times.

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Pont Flavien

The Pont Flavien (Flavian Bridge) is a Roman bridge across the River Touloubre in Saint-Chamas, Bouches-du-Rhône department, southern France.

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Pontia gens

The gens Pontia was a plebeian family at Rome.

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Popillia (gens)

The gens Popillia, sometimes written Popilia, was a plebeian family at Rome.

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Porcia (gens)

The gens Porcia, rarely written Portia, was a plebeian family at Ancient Rome.

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Portonaccio sarcophagus

The Portonaccio sarcophagus is a 2nd-century ancient Roman sarcophagus found in the Portonaccio quarter of Rome and now held at the Museo Nazionale Romano (palazzo Massimo).

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Potin

Potin (also known as billon) is a base metal silver-like alloy used in coins.

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Prads-Haute-Bléone

Prads-Haute-Bléone (Prats Auta Blèuna in Vivaro-Alpine) is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department and in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

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Praetorians (video game)

Praetorians is a 3D real-time tactics game developed by Pyro Studios and published by Eidos Interactive, based on Julius Caesar's campaigns in Gaul, Britain, Crassus' battles in Parthia and the events of Caesar's Civil War the player controls either the Roman Republic, the Ptolemaic Kingdom (Inaccurately represented as the New Kingdom of Egypt) or a generic Barbarian tribe based on the Helvetii, Gauls and Celts.

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Precious coral

Precious coral, or red coral, is the common name given to a genus of marine corals, Corallium.

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Prehistory of France

Prehistoric France is the period in the human occupation (including early hominins) of the geographical area covered by present-day France which extended through prehistory and ended in the Iron Age with the Celtic "La Tène culture".

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Principes

Principes (Singular: princeps) were spearmen, and later swordsmen, in the armies of the early Roman Republic.

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Proculus

Proculus (died c. 281) was a Roman usurper, one of the "minor pretenders" according to Historia Augusta, who would have taken the purple against Emperor Probus in 280.

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Provence wine

Provence (Provençal) wine comes from the French wine-producing region of Provence in southeast France.

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Province of Cremona

The Province of Cremona (Provincia di Cremona) is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy.

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Province of Pisa

The Province of Pisa (Provincia di Pisa) is a province in the Tuscany region of central Italy.

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Province of Sondrio

The Province of Sondrio (provincia di Sondrio) is in the Lombardy region of northern Italy.

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Ptolemy II Philadelphus

Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Πτολεμαῖος Φιλάδελφος, Ptolemaîos Philádelphos "Ptolemy Beloved of his Sibling"; 308/9–246 BCE) was the king of Ptolemaic Egypt from 283 to 246 BCE.

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Publius Decius Mus (consul 312 BC)

Publius Decius Mus (died 295 BC), of the plebeian gens Decia, was a Roman consul in the years 312 BC, 308 BC, 297 BC and 295 BC.

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Publius Licinius Crassus (son of triumvir)

Publius Licinius Crassus (86?/82? BC – 53 BC) was one of two sons of Marcus Licinius Crassus, the so-called "triumvir", and Tertulla, daughter of Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus.

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Pyrrhic War

The Pyrrhic War (280–275 BC) was a war fought by Pyrrhus, the king of Epirus.

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Pyrrhus of Epirus

Pyrrhus (Πύρρος, Pyrrhos; 319/318–272 BC) was a Greek general and statesman of the Hellenistic period.

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Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese

Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese in 272 BC was an invasion of south Greece by Pyrrhus, King of Epirus.

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Quartinia gens

The gens Quartinia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome.

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Quintus Claudius Quadrigarius

Quintus Claudius Quadrigarius, Roman annalist, living probably in the 1st century BC, wrote a history, in at least twenty-three books, which began with the conquest of Rome by the Gauls (ca. 390 BC) and went on to the time of Sulla (fr. 84: 82 BC).

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Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus

Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus, was a Roman statesman and general who was elected consul in 121 BC.

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Quintus Fabius Pictor

Quintus Fabius Pictor (flourished c. 200 BC; his birth has been estimated around 270 BC) was the earliest Roman historiographer and is considered the first of the annalists.

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Quintus Fulvius Flaccus (consul 237 BC)

Quintus Fulvius Flaccus, son of Marcus Fulvius Flaccus (consul 264 BC), was consul in 237 BC, fighting the Gauls in northern Italy.

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Quintus Minucius Rufus

Quintus Minucius Rufus was a consul of the Roman Republic in 197 BC.

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Racial policy of Nazi Germany

The racial policy of Nazi Germany was a set of policies and laws implemented in Nazi Germany (1933–45) based on a specific racist doctrine asserting the superiority of the Aryan race, which claimed scientific legitimacy.

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Racism in France

Racism is defined as the "poor treatment of or violence against people because of their race" and "the belief that some races of people are better than others." Race is defined as "a class or kind of people unified by shared interests, habits, or characteristics." In principle, racial minority groups do not exist in France.

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Raetia

Raetia (also spelled Rhaetia) was a province of the Roman Empire, named after the Rhaetian (Raeti or Rhaeti) people.

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Ragonia gens

The gens Ragonia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome.

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Raid on the Po Valley

The raid on the Po Valley in 203 BC was the culmination of a major war, carried out by the Carthaginian commander Mago, son of Hamilcar Barca, at the end of the Second Punic war between Rome and Carthage in what is now northwestern Italy.

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Refuge castle

A refuge castle or refuge fort (Fliehburg, also Fluchtburg, Volksburg, Bauernburg or Vryburg) is a castle-like defensive location, usually surrounded by ramparts, that is not permanently occupied but acts as a temporary retreat for the local population when threatened by war or attack.

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Reims

Reims (also spelled Rheims), a city in the Grand Est region of France, lies east-northeast of Paris.

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Religion in France

Religion in France can attribute its diversity to the country's adherence to Freedom of religion and freedom of thought, as guaranteed by the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

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Remi

The Remi were a Belgic people of north-eastern Gaul (Gallia Belgica).

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Rhaetian people

The Raeti (spelling variants: Rhaeti, Rheti or Rhaetii; Ancient Greek: Ῥαιτοί: transcription Rhaitoí) were a confederation of Alpine tribes, whose language and culture may have derived, at least in part, from the Etruscans.

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Rhiannon

Rhiannon is a major figure in the Mabinogi, the medieval Welsh story collection.

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Robert Céneau

Robert Céneau (1483 – 7 April 1560) was a French bishop, historian, and controversialist.

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Rodez

Rodez is a small city and commune in the South of France, about 150 km northeast of Toulouse.

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Rogny-les-Sept-Écluses

Rogny-les-Sept-Écluses is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.

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Roman army of the mid-Republic

The Roman army of the mid-Republic (also known as the manipular Roman army or the "Polybian army"), refers to the armed forces deployed by the mid-Roman Republic, from the end of the Samnite Wars (290 BC) to the end of the Social War (88 BC).

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lyon

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lyon (Latin: Archidioecesis Lugdunensis; French: Archidiocèse de Lyon), formerly the Archdiocese of Lyon–Vienne–Embrun, is a Roman Catholic Metropolitan archdiocese in France.

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Roman censor

The censor was a magistrate in ancient Rome who was responsible for maintaining the census, supervising public morality, and overseeing certain aspects of the government's finances.

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Roman expansion in Italy

The Roman expansion in Italy covers a series of conflicts in which the city-state of Rome grew from being the dominant state in Latium to become the ruler of all of Italy.

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Roman festivals

Festivals in ancient Rome were a very important part of Roman religious life during both the Republican and Imperial eras, and one of the primary features of the Roman calendar.

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Roman Kingdom

The Roman Kingdom, or regal period, was the period of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a monarchical form of government of the city of Rome and its territories.

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Roman law

Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables (c. 449 BC), to the Corpus Juris Civilis (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic framework for civil law, the most widely used legal system today, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously.

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Roman metallurgy

Metals and metal working had been known to the people of modern Italy since the Bronze Age.

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Roman naming conventions

Over the course of some fourteen centuries, the Romans and other peoples of Italy employed a system of nomenclature that differed from that used by other cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean, consisting of a combination of personal and family names.

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Roman Republic

The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire.

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Roman tribe

A tribus, or tribe, was a division of the Roman people, constituting the voting units of a legislative assembly of the Roman Republic.

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Roman war elephants

Due to the Roman focus on infantry and its discipline, war elephants were rarely used.

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Roman–Gallic wars

The Roman-Gallic Wars were a series of conflicts between the forces of ancient Rome and various groups identified as Gauls (or Galli, Galatai, Celts, Celtae, Keltai, Keltoi).

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Roman–Parthian War of 161–166

The Roman–Parthian War of 161–166 (also called the Parthian War of Lucius Verus) was fought between the Roman and Parthian Empires over Armenia and Upper Mesopotamia.

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Roman–Volscian wars

The Roman–Volscian wars were a series of wars fought between the Roman Republic and the Volsci, an ancient Italic people.

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Rome

Rome (Roma; Roma) is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale).

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Rome: The World's First Superpower

Rome: The World's First Superpower is a 2014 Channel 5 television series in 4 episodes narrated by Larry Lamb about the Roman Empire first broadcast in October 2014.

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Rome: Total Realism

Rome: Total Realism (or RTR) is a complete modification pack originally created by the Total War Center user GaiusJulius for the computer game Rome: Total War, intended to rectify historical inaccuracies in the original game.

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Rome: Total War

Rome: Total War is a PC strategy game developed by The Creative Assembly and released in 2004 by Activision, although its rights have since passed to Sega.

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Ronceverte, West Virginia

Ronceverte is a city in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, on the Greenbrier River.

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Rustia gens

The gens Rustia was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome.

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Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus Palladius

Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus Palladius, also known as Palladius Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus or most often just as Palladius, was an ancient writer who wrote in Latin, and is dated variously to the latter 4th century or first half of the 5th century AD.

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Sabinus (opera)

Sabinus is an opera by the composer François-Joseph Gossec.

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Sack of Rome (410)

The Sack of Rome occurred on 24 August 410.

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Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux

Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux (Sant Pau Tres Castèus), sometimes known as -en-Tricastin, is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Saint-Valery-sur-Somme

Saint-Valery-sur-Somme is a commune in the Somme department.

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Salammbô

Salammbô (1862) is a historical novel by Gustave Flaubert.

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Salassi

The Salassi were a Celtic or Celticized Italic or Ligurian tribe whose lands lay on the Italian side of the Little St Bernard Pass across the Graian Alps to Lyons, and the Great St Bernard Pass over the Pennine Alps.

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Saliena gens

The gens Saliena or Salliena, also written Salena, Sallena, and Sallienia, was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome.

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Salyes

The Salyes (Greek: Σάλυες) or Salluvii in ancient geography, were a Gallic confederation that occupied the plain of the Druentia (Durance) in southern Gaul between the Rhône River and the Alps.

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Samnites

The Samnites were an ancient Italic people who lived in Samnium in south-central Italy.

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San Siro, Como

San Siro is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located on the northwest shore of Lake Como immediately north of Menaggio and south of Cremia.

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Santoche

Santoche is a former commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

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Sarmatism

Sarmatism (or Sarmatianism) is an ethno-cultural concept with a shade of politics designating the formation of an idea of Poland's origin from Sarmatians within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Satires (Juvenal)

The Satires are a collection of satirical poems by the Latin author Juvenal written in the early 2nd centuries AD.

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Saturnin

Saint Saturnin of Toulouse (Saturninus, Sarnin, Sernin, Sadurní, Sadurninho and Saturnino, Sadurninho, Satordi, Saturdi, Zernin, and Saturnino, Serenín, Cernín), with a feast day entered for 29 November, was one of the "Apostles to the Gauls" sent out (probably under the direction of Pope Fabian, 236 – 250) during the consulate of Decius and Gratus (250–251) to Christianise Gaul after the persecutions under Emperor Decius had all but dissolved the small Christian communities.

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Savoy

Savoy (Savouè,; Savoie; Savoia) is a cultural region in Western Europe.

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Saxons

The Saxons (Saxones, Sachsen, Seaxe, Sahson, Sassen, Saksen) were a Germanic people whose name was given in the early Middle Ages to a large country (Old Saxony, Saxonia) near the North Sea coast of what is now Germany.

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Scorched earth

A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy while it is advancing through or withdrawing from a location.

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Scorpio (weapon)

The scorpio or scorpion was a type of Roman artillery piece.

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Second Punic War

The Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC), also referred to as The Hannibalic War and by the Romans the War Against Hannibal, was the second major war between Carthage and the Roman Republic and its allied Italic socii, with the participation of Greek polities and Numidian and Iberian forces on both sides.

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Seduni

The Seduni or Sedunii were a Gallic tribe in the valley of the Upper Rhone at Roman contact, whom Julius Caesar (B. G. iii. 1, 7) mentions: Nantuates Sedunos Veragrosque.

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Segusiavi

The Segusiavi ("Victorious ones") were a Celtic tribe of Gaul, whose fortress was located at Lugdunum (modern Lyon).

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Segusini

The Segusini were a Gaulish tribe whose territory largely corresponded with the ancient Roman province of Alpes Cottiae, in the Cottian Alps.

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Sempronia (gens)

The gens Sempronia was a Roman family of great antiquity.

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Sennia gens

The gens Sennia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome.

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Senones

The Senones (Σήνωνες) were an ancient Celtic Gallic culture.

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Sentinum

Sentinum was an ancient town currently located in the Marche region of Italy.

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Sequani

Sequani, in ancient geography, were a Gallic people who occupied the upper river basin of the Arar (Saône), the valley of the Doubs and the Jura Mountains, their territory corresponding to Franche-Comté and part of Burgundy.

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Serpent Column

The Serpent Column (Τρικάρηνος Ὄφις Τrikarenos Οphis "Three-headed Serpent";Τρικάρηνος ὄφις ὁ χάλκεος, i.e. "the bronze three-headed serpent"; see See also,. Yılanlı Sütun "Serpentine Column"), also known as the Serpentine Column, Plataean Tripod or Delphi Tripod, is an ancient bronze column at the Hippodrome of Constantinople (known as Atmeydanı "Horse Square" in the Ottoman period) in what is now Istanbul, Turkey. It is part of an ancient Greek sacrificial tripod, originally in Delphi and relocated to Constantinople by Constantine the Great in 324. It was built to commemorate the Greeks who fought and defeated the Persian Empire at the Battle of Plataea (479 BC). The serpent heads of the high column remained intact until the end of the 17th century (one is on display at the nearby Istanbul Archaeology Museums).

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Servian Wall

The Servian Wall (Murus Servii Tullii; Mura Serviane) was an ancient Roman defensive barrier constructed around the city of Rome in the early 4th century BC.

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Sestertius

The sestertius (plural sestertii), or sesterce (plural sesterces), was an ancient Roman coin.

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Sestia (gens)

The gens Sestia was a family at Rome.

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Sext

Sext, or Sixth Hour, is a fixed time of prayer of the Divine Office of almost all the traditional Christian liturgies.

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Seyne

Seyne is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur in southeastern France.

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Siburius

Siburius (fl. 370s), for whom only the single name survives, was a high-ranking official of the Roman Empire.

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Siege of Sparta

The Siege of Sparta took place in 272 BC and was a battle fought between Epirus, led by King Pyrrhus, (297–272 BC) and an alliance consisting of Sparta, under the command of King Areus I (309–265 BC) and his heir Acrotatus, and Macedon.

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Slavery

Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a de jure form of property.

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Socii

The socii (in Classical Latin; in Italian Latin; in English; "allies") were the autonomous tribes and city-states of the Italian Peninsula in permanent military alliance with the Roman Republic until the Social War of 91–88 BC.

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Song of the Watchmen of Modena

The Song (or Poem) of the Watchmen of Modena (Canto delle scolte modenesi) is an anonymous late ninth-century Latin lyric poem encouraging the guards who stood watch on the walls of Modena.

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Soufflenheim

Soufflenheim (Sufflenheim), is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

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Spartacus

Spartacus (Σπάρτακος; Spartacus; c. 111–71 BC) was a Thracian gladiator who, along with the Gauls Crixus, Gannicus, Castus, and Oenomaus, was one of the escaped slave leaders in the Third Servile War, a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic.

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Spartacus (TV series)

Spartacus is an American television series produced in New Zealand that premiered on Starz on January 22, 2010, and concluded on April 12, 2013.

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Statelessness

In International law a stateless person is someone who is "not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law".

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Stratum (linguistics)

In linguistics, a stratum (Latin for "layer") or strate is a language that influences, or is influenced by another through contact.

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Style of the French sovereign

The precise style of French Sovereigns varied over the years.

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Suebi

The Suebi (or Suevi, Suavi, or Suevians) were a large group of Germanic tribes, which included the Marcomanni, Quadi, Hermunduri, Semnones, Lombards and others, sometimes including sub-groups simply referred to as Suebi.

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Suessiones

The Suessiones were a Belgic tribe of western Gallia Belgica in the 1st century BC, inhabiting the region between the Oise and the Marne, around the present-day city of Soissons.

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Sulpicia (gens)

The gens Sulpicia was one of the most ancient patrician families at Rome, and produced a succession of distinguished men, from the foundation of the Republic to the imperial period.

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Supplicia canum

The supplicia canum ("punishment of the dogs") was an annual sacrifice of ancient Roman religion in which live dogs were suspended from a furca ("fork") or cross (crux) and paraded.

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Susa, Piedmont

Susa (Segusio) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont, Italy.

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Swabia

Swabia (Schwaben, colloquially Schwabenland or Ländle; in English also archaic Suabia or Svebia) is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany.

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Swiss people

The Swiss (die Schweizer, les Suisses, gli Svizzeri, ils Svizzers) are the citizens of Switzerland, or people of Swiss ancestry. The number of Swiss nationals has grown from 1.7 million in 1815 to 7 million in 2016. More than 1.5 million Swiss citizens hold multiple citizenship. About 11% of citizens live abroad (0.8 million, of whom 0.6 million hold multiple citizenship). About 60% of those living abroad reside in the European Union (0.46 million). The largest groups of Swiss descendants and nationals outside Europe are found in the United States and Canada. Although the modern state of Switzerland originated in 1848, the period of romantic nationalism, it is not a nation-state, and the Swiss are not usually considered to form a single ethnic group, but a confederacy (Eidgenossenschaft) or Willensnation ("nation of will", "nation by choice", that is, a consociational state), a term coined in conscious contrast to "nation" in the conventionally linguistic or ethnic sense of the term. The demonym Swiss (formerly in English also Switzer) and the name of Switzerland, ultimately derive from the toponym Schwyz, have been in widespread use to refer to the Old Swiss Confederacy since the 16th century.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Switzerland in the Roman era

The territory of modern Switzerland was a part of the Roman Republic and Empire for a period of about six centuries, beginning with the step-by-step conquest of the area by Roman armies from the 2nd century BC and ending with the decline of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.

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Tarascosaurus

Tarascosaurus ("Tarasque lizard") is a genus of abelisaurid, theropod dinosaur from Late Cretaceous of France.

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Tartonne

Tartonne is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.

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Taurisci

The Taurisci were a federation of Gallic tribes who dwelt in today's northern Slovenia (Carniola) before the coming of the Romans (c. 200 BC) According to Pliny the Elder, they are the same people known as the Norici.

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Tectosages

The Tectosages or Tectosagii (Taker-Seekers) were one of the three ancient Gaulish tribes of Galatia in central Asia Minor, together with the Tolistobogii and Trocmii.

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Temple of Concord

The Temple of Concord (Aedes Concordiae) in the ancient city of Rome refers to a series of shrines or temples dedicated to the Roman goddess Concordia, and erected at the western end of the Roman Forum.

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Temple of Janus (Autun)

The "Temple of Janus" is a cultic structure of Romano-Celtic design located in Autun, Saône-et-Loire, France, to the North-West of the ancient city of Augustodunum.

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Temple of Juno Moneta

The Temple of Juno Moneta (Latin: Templum Iunonis Monetæ) was an ancient Roman temple that stood on the Arx or the citadel on the Capitoline Hill overlooking the Roman Forum.

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Tencteri

The Tencteri or Tenchteri or Tenctheri (in Plutarch's Greek, Tenteritē and possibly the same as the Tenkeroi mentioned by Claudius Ptolemy if these were not the Tungri) were an ancient tribe, who moved into the area on the right bank (the northern or eastern bank) of the lower Rhine in the 1st century BC.

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Teramo

Teramo (Abruzzese: Tèreme) is a city and comune in the Italian region of Abruzzo, the capital of the province of Teramo.

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Termagant

Termagant or Tervagant was the name given to a god which Christians believed Muslims worshipped.

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The Cartoon History of the Universe

The Cartoon History of the Universe is a book series about the history of the world.

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Thermes de Cluny

The Thermes de Cluny are the ruins of Gallo-Roman thermal baths lying in the heart of Paris' 5th arrondissement, and which are partly subsumed into the Musée national du Moyen Âge - Thermes et hôtel de Cluny.

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Thermopylae

Thermopylae (Ancient and Katharevousa Greek: Θερμοπύλαι, Demotic: Θερμοπύλες: "hot gates") is a place in Greece where a narrow coastal passage existed in antiquity.

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Third Buddhist council

The Third Buddhist council was convened in about 250 BCE at Asokarama in Pataliputra, supposedly under the patronage of Emperor Ashoka.

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Thracian warfare

The history of Thracian warfare spans from the 10th century BC up to the 1st century AD in the region defined by Ancient Greek and Latin historians as Thrace.

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Thracians

The Thracians (Θρᾷκες Thrāikes; Thraci) were a group of Indo-European tribes inhabiting a large area in Eastern and Southeastern Europe.

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Timeline of Arezzo

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Arezzo in the Tuscany region of Italy.

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Timeline of Piacenza

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Piacenza in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy.

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Timeline of Roman history

This is a timeline of Roman history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in the Roman Kingdom and Republic and the Roman and Byzantine Empires.

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Tintignac

Tintignac is a hamlet near Naves in the Corrèze region of France.

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Titus Manlius Torquatus (consul 347 BC)

Titus Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus held three consulships of republican Rome and was also three times Roman Dictator.

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Titus Pullo (Rome character)

Titus Pullo is a fictional character from the HBO/BBC original television series Rome, played by Ray Stevenson.

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Tivoli, Lazio

Tivoli (Tibur) is a town and comune in Lazio, central Italy, about east-north-east of Rome, at the falls of the Aniene river where it issues from the Sabine hills.

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Tocolsida

Tocolsida is a site in modern Morocco, with the remains of an ancient castra from the Roman Province of Mauretania Tingitana, Roman Empire.

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Tolistobogii

Tolistobogii (in other sources Tolistobogioi, Tolistobōgioi, Tolistoboioi, Tolistobioi, Toligistobogioi or Tolistoagioi) is the name used by the Roman historian, Livy, for one of the three ancient Gaulish tribes of Galatia in central Asia Minor, together with the Trocmi and Tectosages.

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Torc

A torc, also spelled torq or torque, is a large rigid or stiff neck ring in metal, made either as a single piece or from strands twisted together.

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Toulouse

Toulouse (Tolosa, Tolosa) is the capital of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the region of Occitanie.

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Toutatis

Toutatis or Teutates was a Celtic god worshipped in ancient Gaul and Britain.

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Travian

Travian: Legends is a persistent, browser-based, massively multiplayer, online real-time strategy game developed by the German software company Travian Games.

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Treaties between Rome and Carthage

The treaties between Rome and Carthage are the four treaties between the two states that were signed between 509 BC and 279 BC.

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Treveri

The Treveri or Treviri were a Belgic tribe who inhabited the lower valley of the Moselle from around 150 BCE, if not earlier, until their displacement by the Franks.

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Triarii

Triarii (singular: Triarius) were one of the elements of the early Roman military manipular legions of the early Roman Republic (509 BC – 107 BC).

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Triballi

The Triballi (Τριβαλλοί, Triballoí) were an ancient tribe whose dominion was around the plains of modern southern SerbiaGeorge Grote: History of Greece: I. Legendary Greece.

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Tricasses

The Tricasses were a Gallic tribe which lived along the Seine in what is now Champagne.

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Trimarcisia

Trimarcisia (τριμαρκισία, trimarkisia), i. e., "feat of three horsemen", was an ancient Celtic military cavalry tactic or organisation; it is attested in Pausanias' Description of Greece, in which he described the use of trimarcisia by the Gauls during their invasion of Greece in the third century BCE.

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Triumph (Rome)

"Triumph" is the tenth episode of the first season of the television series ''Rome''.

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Triumphal Arch of Moscow

The third and the oldest surviving Triumphal Arch in Moscow was built in 1829–34 on Tverskaya Gate Square to Joseph Bové's designs in order to commemorate Russia's victory over Napoleon.

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Triumphal Arch of Orange

The Triumphal Arch of Orange (Arc de triomphe d'Orange) is a triumphal arch located in the town of Orange, southeast France.

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Triumphs of Caesar (Mantegna)

The Triumphs of Caesar are a series of nine large paintings created by the Italian Renaissance artist Andrea Mantegna between 1484 and 1492 for the Gonzaga Ducal Palace, Mantua.

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Trocmi

The Trocmii or Trocmi were one of the three ancient tribes of Galatia in central Asia Minor, together with the Tolistobogii and Tectosages, part of the possible Gallic group who moved from Macedonia into Asia Minor in the early third century BCE.

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TSV Großbardorf

TSV Großbardorf is a German association football club from the city of Großbardorf, Bavaria.

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Tulle

Tulle is a commune in central France.

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Tullia (gens)

The gens Tullia was a family at ancient Rome, with both patrician and plebeian branches.

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Two Against Tyre

"Two Against Tyre" is a story based on an unpublished story featuring Eithriall the Gaul, one of the lesser-known characters created by Robert E. Howard.

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Tyrrhenians

The Tyrrhenians (Attic Greek: Τυρρηνοί Turrhēnoi) or Tyrsenians (Ionic: Τυρσηνοί Tursēnoi; Doric: Τυρσανοί Tursānoi) is an exonym used by Greek authors to refer to a non-Greek people.

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Ultime grida dalla savana

Ultime grida dalla savana (1975), also known as by its English title Savage Man Savage Beast, is a Mondo documentary directed by Antonio Climati and Mario Morra. Filmed all around the world, its central theme focuses on hunting and the interaction between man and animal. More specifically, the film documents various forms of hunting that can be found in the world and how humans and animals can both become the hunter or prey. Like many Mondo films, the filmmakers claim to document real, bizarre and violent behavior and customs, although some scenes were actually staged. It is narrated by the Italian actor and popular dubber Giuseppe Rinaldi and the text was written by Italian novelist Alberto Moravia. This was the first film of Climati's and Morra's Savage Trilogy, which also includes Savana violenta (This Violent World) and Dolce e selvaggio (Sweet and Savage). The best known film of the trilogy, Ultime grida dalla savana became influential in exploitation cinema by use of cinematographic techniques that were repeated in numerous subsequent Mondo films. Two scenes in particular, a lion attack on a tourist in Namibia and the murder of an indigenous man by a group of mercenaries in South America, have gained notoriety as genuine footage of human death. The film also sparked a rivalry between the team of Climati and Morra and the brothers Alfredo and Angelo Castiglioni. These two teams became the forerunners of the second generation of Mondo cinema.

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Umbria

Umbria is a region of central Italy.

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Uraci

The Uraci or Duraci (Greek: Urakoi) were a little-known Celtic people of pre-Roman Iberia who dwelt to the east of the Vaccaei and the Carpetani, occupying the southern Soria, northern Guadalajara and western Zaragoza provinces since the 4th century BC.

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Usipetes

Usipetes or Usipii (in Plutarch's Greek, Ousipai, and possibly the same as the Ouispoi of Claudius Ptolemy) were an ancient tribe who moved into the area on the right bank (the northern or eastern bank) of the lower Rhine in the 1st century BC, putting them in contact with Gaul and the Roman empire.

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Uzerche

Uzerche (Usercha in Occitan) is a commune in the Corrèze department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of central France.

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Valeria (gens)

The Gens Valeria was a patrician family at Rome, prominent from the very beginning of the Republic to the latest period of the Empire.

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Valvestino

Valvestino is a comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy in northern Italy.

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Vannes

Vannes is a commune in the Morbihan department in Brittany in north-western France.

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Veneti (Gaul)

The Veneti were a seafaring Celtic people who lived in the Brittany peninsula (France), which in Roman times formed part of an area called Armorica.

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Veragri

The Veragri (Greek: Οὐάραγροι) were a Gallic tribe located in present-day Switzerland.

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Vercingétorix monument

The Vercingetorix Monument (1865) is a statuary monument dedicated to the Gaulish chieftain Vercingetorix, defeated by Julius Caesar in the Gallic Wars.

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Vercingetorix

Vercingetorix (– 46 BC) was a king and chieftain of the Arverni tribe; he united the Gauls in a revolt against Roman forces during the last phase of Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars.

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Vercingetorix in popular culture

The ancient Gallic chieftain Vercingetorix (c. 82 BC–46 BC) has appeared many times in works of popular culture.

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Verdun

Verdun (official name before 1970 Verdun-sur-Meuse) is a small city in the Meuse department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

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Vergina

Vergina (Βεργίνα) is a small town in northern Greece, part of Veroia municipality in Imathia, Central Macedonia.

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Vertamocorii

The Vertamocorii were a Celtic people that lived in Cisalpine Gaul around Novara, in Eastern Piedmont (Italy).

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Vesta (mythology)

Vesta is the virgin goddess of the hearth, home, and family in Roman religion.

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Vesunna Gallo-Roman Museum

The Vesunna Gallo-Roman Museum is a museum of Gallo-Roman art and archaeology in the town of Périgueux, located in the French department of the Dordogne.

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Vexin

Vexin is a historical county of northwestern France.

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Via Aurelia

The Via Aurelia (Latin for "Aurelian Way") was a Roman road in Italy constructed in approximately 241 BC.

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Victoria (Gallic Empire)

Victoria, also known as Vitruvia, was a leader in the Roman breakaway realm known as the Gallic Empire in the late 3rd century.

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Viking expansion

Viking expansion is the process by which the Vikings sailed most of the North Atlantic, reaching south to North Africa and east to Russia, Constantinople and the Middle East as looters, traders, colonists and mercenaries.

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Violet (color)

Violet is the color at the end of the visible spectrum of light between blue and the invisible ultraviolet.

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Viriathus

Viriathus (also spelled Viriatus; known as Viriato in Portuguese and Spanish; died 139 BC) was the most important leader of the Lusitanian people that resisted Roman expansion into the regions of western Hispania (as the Romans called it) or western Iberia (as the Greeks called it), where the Roman province of Lusitania would be finally established after the conquest.

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Viridomarus

Viridomarus or Britomartus as translations vary, (died 222 BC) was a Gaulish military leader who led an army against an army of the Roman Republic at the Battle of Clastidium.

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Viridovix

Viridovix was the chief of Unelli, a Gallic tribe which faced the legions of Julius Caesar at the time of the Roman conquest of Gaul, between 58 and 51 BC.

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Vocontii

The Vocontii were a Gallic people who lived to the east of the River Rhône in modern south-eastern France.

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Volcae

The Volcae were a tribal confederation constituted before the raid of combined Gauls that invaded Macedonia c. 270 BC and fought the assembled Greeks at the Battle of Thermopylae in 279 BC.

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Wallach (disambiguation)

Wallach or Vlach is a blanket term covering several modern Latin peoples descending from the Latinised population in Central, Eastern and Southeast Europe.

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War elephant

A war elephant is an elephant that is trained and guided by humans for combat.

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Waroch I

Waroch I (Gwereg; modern Guérech) was an early ruler of the Bro Wened (Vannetais) in southern Brittany.

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Wars of the Diadochi

The Wars of the Diadochi (Πόλεμοι των Διαδόχων), or Wars of Alexander's Successors, were a series of conflicts fought between Alexander the Great's generals over the rule of his vast empire after his death.

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Waterloo Helmet

The Waterloo Helmet (also known as the Waterloo Bridge Helmet) is a pre-Roman Celtic bronze ceremonial horned helmet with repoussé decoration in the La Tène style, dating to circa 150–50 BC, that was found in 1868 in the River Thames by Waterloo Bridge in London, England.

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Western Roman Empire

In historiography, the Western Roman Empire refers to the western provinces of the Roman Empire at any one time during which they were administered by a separate independent Imperial court, coequal with that administering the eastern half, then referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire.

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Wicker man

A wicker man was a large wicker statue reportedly used by the ancient Druids (priests of Celtic paganism) for sacrifice by burning it in effigy.

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William Frédéric Edwards

William Frédéric Edwards (1777–1842) was a French physiologist, of Jamaican background, who was also a pioneer anthropologist.

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Winchester

Winchester is a city and the county town of Hampshire, England.

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Wohlen, Aargau

Wohlen is a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

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Yonne

Yonne is a French department named after the river Yonne.

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Zürich–Enge Alpenquai

Zürich–Enge Alpenquai is one of the 111 serial sites of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps, of which 56 are located in Switzerland.

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Zipoetes II of Bithynia

Zipoetes II, also Zipoites II or Ziboetes II, possibly Tiboetes II (Greek: Zιπoίτης or Zιβoίτης) was a ruler of Bithynia from 279 BCE to 276 BCE; his name, which survives chiefly in Hellenized forms, has three syllables.

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196 BC

Year 196 BC the fifth year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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200 BC

Year 200 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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226 BC

Year 226 BC the fifth year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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283 BC

Year 283 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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350 BC

Year 350 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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350th Squadron (Belgium)

The 350th Squadron (350e escadrille, 350ste Smaldeel) is a fighter squadron in the Air Component of the Belgian Armed Forces.

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354 BC

Year 354 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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360 BC

Year 360 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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387 BC

Year 387 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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391 BC

Year 391 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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3rd century BC

The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC.

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460

Year 460 (CDLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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4th arrondissement of Paris

The 4th arrondissement of Paris (IVe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France.

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52 BC

Year 52 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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Redirects here:

Gallic people, Gallic tribe, Gaulish people, Gaulish tribe, List of Gallic tribes, List of Gaulish tribes, List of Peoples of Gaul, List of peoples of Gaul, Nos ancêtres les Gaulois.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauls

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