Communication

1526 relations: A Brief History of Time, Abhas Mitra, Abraham H. Taub, Abraham Zelmanov, Abraham–Lorentz force, Absolute horizon, Absolute magnitude, Absolute rotation, Absolute space and time, Abstract differential geometry, Accelerating expansion of the universe, Acceleration (special relativity), Achilles Papapetrou, Action at a distance, Actor model, Actor model theory, Ad hoc hypothesis, ADM formalism, Adriaan Fokker, AdS black hole, AdS/CFT correspondence, Aether drag hypothesis, Aether theories, Affine connection, Age of the universe, Ahmed Farag Ali, Aichelburg–Sexl ultraboost, AIGO, Alan Lightman, Albert A. Michelson, Albert Einstein, Albert Einstein Archives, Albert Einstein Memorial, Albert Einstein Science Park, Alcubierre drive, Alejandro Corichi, Alexander Friedmann, Alfred Bucherer, Alfred North Whitehead, Alfred Schild, Ali Chamseddine, Alternatives to general relativity, Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri, American Astronomical Society, An Experiment with Time, Analog models of gravity, Analytical mechanics, Anatoly Logunov, András Vasy, André Lichnerowicz, ..., Andrea M. Ghez, Andreja Gomboc, Andrew Lyne, Andrzej Trautman, Aniara, Aninda Sinha, Anna Maria Nobili, Anna Watts, Annalen der Physik, Annus Mirabilis papers, Anthony Zee, Anti-de Sitter space, Anti-gravity, Antony Garrett Lisi, Antony Valentini, Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation, Apparent horizon, Apparent magnitude, Apsidal precession, Archenhold Observatory, Aristotelian physics, Arlie Petters, Arnold Sommerfeld, Art Concret, Arthur Eddington, Arthur Geoffrey Walker, Arthur Komar, Arthur Robert Hinks, Arthur Schopenhauer, Asghar Qadir, Asher Peres, Ashtekar variables, Astronomical system of units, Astronomical unit, Astronomy, Astrophysical jet, Astrophysics, Asymptotic safety in quantum gravity, Asymptotically flat spacetime, Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space, Atomic units, Attilio Palatini, August 1916, August 1918, Augusto Sagnotti, Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, Autodynamics, Axiom, Élie Cartan, Émile Meyerson, Bach tensor, Back-reaction, Background independence, Bahá'í Faith and science, Bahram Mashhoon, Banesh Hoffmann, Barrett–Crane model, Barycenter, Barycentric celestial reference system, Barycentric Coordinate Time, Barycentric Julian Date, Baryon acoustic oscillations, Baryon asymmetry, Basilis C. Xanthopoulos, Beam splitter, Bekenstein bound, Bel decomposition, Bel–Robinson tensor, Belinfante–Rosenfeld stress–energy tensor, Bell's spaceship paradox, Benjamin Lee Whorf, BepiColombo, Bernard Carr, Bernard F. Schutz, Bernard Haisch, Bernhard Riemann, Beyond Einstein (book), Beyond Einstein program, Big Bang, Big Bounce, Bill Gaede, Bimetric gravity, Binary black hole, Binary pulsar, Binet equation, Birkhoff's theorem (relativity), BKL singularity, Black, Black brane, Black hole, Black hole cosmology, Black hole information paradox, Black Hole Initiative, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays, Black Holes and Time Warps, Black holes in fiction, Black star (semiclassical gravity), Bo Thidé, Bolshoi Cosmological Simulation, Boltzmann equation, Bondi–Metzner–Sachs group, Bonnor beam, Boyer–Lindquist coordinates, Branches of physics, Brandon Carter, Brans–Dicke theory, BritGrav, BRST quantization, Bruno Bertotti, Bruria Kaufman, BSSN formalism, Bucket argument, Buddhism and science, Bumblebee models, C. V. Vishveshwara, Cactus Framework, Calabi flow, Calabi–Yau manifold, Calculus, California Institute of Technology, Cambridge Algebra System, Canonical quantum gravity, Carl H. Brans, Carl Wilhelm Oseen, Carlo Cattaneo (mathematician), Carlos Aragone, Carminati–McLenaghan invariants, Cartan formalism (physics), Cartan–Karlhede algorithm, Carter constant, Cartesian tensor, Cassini–Huygens, Cathleen Synge Morawetz, Causal fermion system, Causal loop, Causal sets, Causal structure, Causal system, Causality (physics), Causality conditions, Cécile DeWitt-Morette, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Celestial mechanics, Centrifugal force, CGh physics, CGHS model, Charged black hole, Charles Edward St. John, Charles W. Misner, Chirp mass, Chris Gollon, Chris Hull, Christoffel symbols, Christopher L. Eisgruber, Christopher Nolan, Chronology of the universe, Chronology protection conjecture, Chronon, Classical and Quantum Gravity, Classical central-force problem, Classical field theory, Classical limit, Classical mechanics, Classical Mechanics (Goldstein book), Classical physics, Classical unified field theories, Claudio Pellegrini, Clifford Martin Will, Clock drift, Closed timelike curve, Colin P. Rourke, Compact star, Complex number, Complex spacetime, Composite gravity, Confirmation holism, Conformal cyclic cosmology, Conformal gravity, Conformal map, Conformastatic spacetimes, Congruence (general relativity), Congruence (manifolds), Connection (vector bundle), Conservapedia, Conservation of energy, Conservation of mass, Conservative force, Consilience, Construction of a complex null tetrad, Container space, Continuity equation, Contracted Bianchi identities, Cooperstock's energy-localization hypothesis, Coordinate conditions, Coordinate time, Corinne Manogue, Coriolis field, Correspondence principle, Cosimo Bambi, Cosmic catastrophe, Cosmic censorship hypothesis, Cosmic string, Cosmic variance, Cosmological constant, Cosmological constant problem, Cosmological perturbation theory, Cosmological principle, Cosmology, Cotton tensor, Counterintuitive, Course of Theoretical Physics, Covariance group, Covariant derivative, Coxeter–Dynkin diagram, Creation science, Cristopher Moore, Criticism of the theory of relativity, Curvature, Curvature invariant, Curvature invariant (general relativity), Curve, Curved space, Curved space-time, Curvilinear coordinates, Cycles of Time, Cyclol, Cygnus X-1, Daniel Friedan, Dante Tessieri, Dark energy, Dark fluid, Dark matter, Dark matter halo, Dark star (Newtonian mechanics), Dark-energy star, David E. Rowe, David Hestenes, David Hilbert, David Malament, Daya Shankar Kulshreshtha, Désiré-Joseph Mercier, De Sitter invariant special relativity, De Sitter space, De Sitter universe, De Sitter–Schwarzschild metric, Deductive-nomological model, Deep time, Defining equation (physics), Degenerate matter, Demetrios Christodoulou, Democratic principle, Dennis W. Sciama, Derivations of the Lorentz transformations, Detailed logarithmic timeline, Determinism, Deterministic system (philosophy), DI Herculis, Diffeomorphism constraint, Differentiable manifold, Differential equation, Differential geometry, Diffusion damping, Digital philosophy, Dill Faulkes, Dimension, Dirac large numbers hypothesis, Dirac matter, Directed algebraic topology, Directional derivative, Distance measures (cosmology), Divergence theorem, Dmitri Ivanenko, Doctorate, Doppler effect, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Durmus A. Demir, Dust solution, Eötvös experiment, Eddington (spacecraft), Eddington–Finkelstein coordinates, Edward Arthur Milne, Edward Farhi, Edward FitzGerald (poet), Edward Fomalont, Edward Tryon, Edward Witten, Edwin F. Taylor, Edwin Hubble, Effective field theory, Effective potential, Ehrenfest paradox, Einstein aether theory, Einstein and Eddington, Einstein field equations, Einstein manifold, Einstein notation, Einstein Prize (APS), Einstein ring, Einstein Telescope, Einstein tensor, Einstein's awards and honors, Einstein's static universe, Einstein's thought experiments, Einstein–Cartan theory, Einstein–Cartan–Evans theory, Einstein–de Sitter universe, Einstein–Hilbert action, Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations, Electrogravitic tensor, Electromagnetic four-potential, Electromagnetic mass, Electromagnetic stress–energy tensor, Electromagnetic wave equation, Electrovacuum solution, Elementary particle, Elena V. Pitjeva, Elwin Bruno Christoffel, Emilio Elizalde, Emilio Santos Corchero, Emmy Noether, Energy condition, Energy density, Energy–momentum relation, Engelbert Schücking, Enrico Fermi, Enrico Fermi Institute, Entropic gravity, EP quantum mechanics, Equations of motion, Equatorial bulge, Equivalence principle, Equivalence principle (geometric), ER=EPR, Eran Ben-Shahar, Erich Kretschmann, Erik Verlinde, Ernst equation, Ernst Mach, Ernst Schmutzer, Errol Harris, Error analysis for the Global Positioning System, Erwin Finlay-Freundlich, Erwin Schrödinger, Esher Church of England High School, ESO 146-5, Euclid (spacecraft), Euclidean geometry, Euclidean quantum gravity, Euclidean space, Euler's three-body problem, Event horizon, Event Horizon Telescope, Event symmetry, Everything, Evgeny Lifshitz, Evolutionary epistemology, Ewan Kirk, Exact solutions in general relativity, Exoplanetology, Expanding Earth, Expansion of the universe, Experimentum crucis, Exploration of Mercury, Extended theories of gravity, Extreme mass ratio inspiral, Ezra T. Newman, F(R) gravity, Fang Lizhi, Faster-than-light, Felix Finster, Felix Pirani, Fermat’s and energy variation principles in field theory, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Fermi–Walker transport, Fictitious force, Field (physics), Field equation, Field propulsion, Fifth force, Fine-tuned Universe, First class constraint, First observation of gravitational waves, Five-dimensional space, Flatland, Flatness problem, Fluid dynamics, Fluid solution, Flyby anomaly, Force, Formal science, Foundations of Physics, Four-acceleration, Four-current, Four-dimensional space, Four-force, Four-gradient, Four-tensor, Four-vector, Four-velocity, Fractal cosmology, Frame fields in general relativity, Frame of reference, Frame-dragging, Francesco Severi, Francis Everitt, Frank Watson Dyson, Frans Pretorius, Fred Hoyle, Free fall, Free University of Tbilisi, Freund–Rubin compactification, Friedmann equations, Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric, Friedrich Hasenöhrl, Friedrich Kottler, Friedwardt Winterberg, Fubini–Study metric, Fudge factor, Fundamental interaction, Gabriel Kron, Gaia (spacecraft), Gamma-ray burst progenitors, Gauge boson, Gauge covariant derivative, Gauge fixing, Gauge gravitation theory, Gauge theory, Gauge theory gravity, Gauge vector–tensor gravity, Gauss–Bonnet gravity, General covariance, General covariant transformations, General relativity, General Relativity (book), General Relativity and Gravitation, General Theory, Geocentric Coordinate Time, Geodesic, Geodesic deviation, Geodesics in general relativity, Geodetic effect, Geometrized unit system, Geometrodynamics, Geometry, Geometry Festival, Geon (physics), Georg Alexander Pick, George Barker Jeffery, George F. R. Ellis, George Yuri Rainich, Georges Lemaître, Geraint F. Lewis, Gerald Maurice Clemence, Gerald Schroeder, Gerhard Huisken, Germany, Geroch energy, Geroch group, Gerold von Gleich, GHP formalism, Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term, Globally hyperbolic manifold, Glossary of astronomy, Glossary of civil engineering, Glossary of engineering, Glossary of physics, Glossary of Riemannian and metric geometry, Glossary of string theory, Glossary of structural engineering, Goldberg–Sachs theorem, Golden binary, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Gowdy solution, GR, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Grandfather paradox, Gravastar, Gravimetry, Gravitation (book), Gravitation (disambiguation), Gravitational acceleration, Gravitational anomaly, Gravitational collapse, Gravitational constant, Gravitational energy, Gravitational field, Gravitational interaction of antimatter, Gravitational lens, Gravitational lensing formalism, Gravitational microlensing, Gravitational mirage, Gravitational plane wave, Gravitational potential, Gravitational redshift, Gravitational shielding, Gravitational singularity, Gravitational time dilation, Gravitational wave, Gravitational-wave astronomy, Gravitational-wave observatory, Gravitino, Gravitoelectromagnetism, Gravitomagnetic clock effect, Gravitomagnetic time delay, Graviton, Gravity, Gravity assist, Gravity Probe A, Gravity Probe B, Gravity well, Gromov–Witten invariant, GRT, GRTensorII, GTR, Guido Fubini, Gunnar Nordström, Gustav Herglotz, GW151226, GW170814, GW170817, H. P. Lovecraft, Hafele–Keating experiment, Hagen Kleinert, Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation, Hamiltonian constraint, Hamiltonian constraint of LQG, Hans Adolf Buchdahl, Hans Stephani, Hans Thirring, Hans-Jürgen Treder, Harmonic coordinate condition, Harmonic coordinates, Heim theory, Heino Falcke, Heliocentrism, Helioseismology, Hempel's dilemma, Hendrik Lorentz, Hermann Bondi, Hermann Minkowski, Hermann Weyl, Hierarchy problem, Higgs boson, Higher-dimensional Einstein gravity, Higher-dimensional supergravity, Hilbert's sixth problem, Hipparcos, History of general relativity, History of gravitational theory, History of loop quantum gravity, History of mathematical notation, History of mathematics, History of Maxwell's equations, History of physics, History of quantum field theory, History of science, History of special relativity, History of the Big Bang theory, Hořava–Lifshitz gravity, Hole argument, Holst action, Homogeneous space, Homothetic vector field, Hoop Conjecture, Horizon (general relativity), Horndeski's theory, House System at the California Institute of Technology, Howard Brandt, Howard P. Robertson, Hoyle–Narlikar theory of gravity, Hubble Space Telescope, Hubble's law, Hughes–Drever experiment, Hugo Dingler, Hulse–Taylor binary, Hume's fork, Hyperspace, Hyperspace (book), Ignazio Ciufolini, Igor Rodnianski, Ijon Tichy: Space Pilot, Ilya Prigogine, IM Pegasi, Imaginary time, Immirzi parameter, Incandescence (novel), Indeterminism, Index of philosophy articles (D–H), Index of physics articles (G), Induced gravity, Inductivism, Inertia, Inertial frame of reference, Infinity, Inflation (cosmology), Inhomogeneous cosmology, Initial singularity, Initial value formulation (general relativity), Innermost stable circular orbit, Instant Physics, Institut d'astrophysique de Paris, Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Interaction, Interferometry, Interior product, Interior Schwarzschild metric, International Celestial Reference Frame, International Journal of Theoretical Physics, International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics, International Society on General Relativity and Gravitation, Interstellar (film), Interstellar probe, Interstellar travel, Intertheoretic reduction, Introduction to gauge theory, Introduction to general relativity, Introduction to the mathematics of general relativity, Invariant (physics), Inverse mean curvature flow, Iosif Khriplovich, Is Logic Empirical?, Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov, Isotropic coordinates, Italian Society for General Relativity and Gravitation, Italophilia, Ivor Etherington, Ivor Robinson (physicist), J. Richard Gott, J. Robert Oppenheimer, J. W. N. Sullivan, Jacques Blamont, Jakob Kunz, Jamal Nazrul Islam, James A. Isenberg, James Harder, James Hartle, James M. Bardeen, James MacKaye, James W. York, Jan Ambjørn, Jan Arnoldus Schouten, Jan Zaanen, Janez Strnad, Jayme Tiomno, Józef Lubański, Jürgen Ehlers, Jürgen Renn, Jean Chazy, Jean-Pierre Petit, Jerzy Juliusz Kijowski, Jerzy Plebański, Jet bundle, Jewish culture, Johann Georg von Soldner, Johannes Stark, John Archibald Wheeler, John Boardman (physicist), John Call Cook, John D. Norton, John Earman, John Hartnett (physicist), John Lighton Synge, John Michell, John Moffat (physicist), John Stachel, Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr., Joseph Larmor, Joseph Polchinski, Joseph Weber, Joshua N. Goldberg, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, Jules Richard, Julian Barbour, Jun Ishiwara, Jutta Kunz, K-line (x-ray), Kaluza–Klein theory, Kantowski–Sachs metric, Kappa Tauri, Karl Schwarzschild, Kasner metric, Kähler manifold, Kenneth Nordtvedt, Kepler orbit, Kerr metric, Kerr–Newman metric, Killing tensor, Killing vector field, Kindertransport, Kinetic energy, Kip Thorne, Klaus Hasselmann, Klein–Gordon equation, Kodama state, Komar mass, Komar superpotential, Kretschmann scalar, Kruskal–Szekeres coordinates, Kugelblitz (astrophysics), Kurt Gödel, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Lagrangian mechanics, Lambda-CDM model, Lambdavacuum solution, Lambert W function, Lanczos tensor, Lane P. Hughston, Laplace operators in differential geometry, Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector, Large Hadron Collider, Laurent Nottale, Lawrence Paul Horwitz, Laws of motion, Laws of science, Le Sage's theory of gravitation, Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam, Lense–Thirring precession, Leonard Cutler, Leonard I. Schiff, Let There Be Light (Howard Smith book), Leticia Corral, Lewis Ryder, LIF, Light curve, Light front holography, Light-dragging effects, LIGO, Line element, Linear form, Linearized gravity, Liouville field theory, Lisa Randall, List of astronomy acronyms, List of atheists (surnames A to B), List of atheists in science and technology, List of Bronx High School of Science alumni, List of Brooklyn College alumni, List of Christians in science and technology, List of contributors to general relativity, List of coordinate charts, List of cosmological horizons, List of differential geometry topics, List of discoveries, List of Dutch inventions and discoveries, List of English inventions and discoveries, List of entities named after scientist Karl Schwarzschild, List of formulae involving π, List of German inventions and discoveries, List of Horizon episodes, List of hypothetical Solar System objects, List of Indian inventions and discoveries, List of Jewish atheists and agnostics, List of Kolkata Presidencians, List of letters used in mathematics and science, List of mathematical topics in relativity, List of nonlinear partial differential equations, List of NYU Tandon School of Engineering people, List of Penguin Classics, List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field, List of relativistic equations, List of Russian astronomers and astrophysicists, List of Russian people, List of Russian scientists, List of scientific laws named after people, List of scientific publications by Albert Einstein, List of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize recipients, List of Sigma Xi members, List of solar eclipses in the 20th century, List of unsolved problems in physics, List of years in literature, Literature of Birmingham, Local reference frame, Local spacetime structure, Local symmetry, Lock Yue Chew, Logic, Logical positivism, Logology (science of science), Loop quantum gravity, Loop representation in gauge theories and quantum gravity, Loránd Eötvös, Lorentz covariance, Lorentz ether theory, Lorentz force, Lorentz group, Lorentz invariance in loop quantum gravity, Lorentz scalar, Lorentz-violating electrodynamics, Lovell Telescope, Lovelock theory of gravity, Lovelock's theorem, Low-dimensional topology, Lowell S. Brown, Luciano Rezzolla, Ludwig Flamm, Ludwig Schlesinger, Ludwik Silberstein, Luigi Bianchi, Luis Herrera Cometta, Luis Santaló, Luminiferous aether, Lunar distance (astronomy), Lunar Laser Ranging experiment, Lunar theory, Luther P. Eisenhart, M-theory, MacDowell–Mansouri action, Mach's principle, Macsyma, Magnetic radiation reaction force, Magnetogravitic tensor, Malcolm Ludvigsen, Malcolm Perry (physicist), Manifest covariance, Manifold, Manzoor Ahmad, Marc Henneaux, Marcel Grossmann, Marcelo Samuel Berman, March 20, Mark Trodden, Marshall Space Flight Center, Mary Brazier, Mass, Mass in general relativity, Mass in special relativity, Mass–energy equivalence, Massive gravity, Massless particle, Mathematical beauty, Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field, Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model, Mathematical model, Mathematical physics, Mathematics, Mathematics of general relativity, Mathieu function, Mathisson–Papapetrou–Dixon equations, Matt Visser, Matter, Matter wave clock, Mauri Valtonen, Mauro Francaviglia, Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics, Maxwell's equations, Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime, May 1916, May 29, Mazer in Prison, MDK (video game), Mechanical explanations of gravitation, Mechanics, Mendel Sachs, Mercury (planet), Metre, Metric (mathematics), Metric connection, Metric tensor (general relativity), Metric-affine gravitation theory, Michał Heller, Michelson interferometer, Michiel van der Klis, Micro black hole, MicroFUN, Microsecond, Miguel Alcubierre, Milankovitch cycles, Milne model, Minimal surface, Minkowski space, Mixed anomaly, Mixmaster universe, Models of scientific inquiry, Modern history, Modern searches for Lorentz violation, Mohammad Khorrami, Momentum, Monochromatic electromagnetic plane wave, Moon Express, MoonLIGHT, Moritz Schlick, Moshe Carmeli, Motion (physics), Moving frame, Mu-Tao Wang, Muhammad Raziuddin Siddiqui, Muhammad Sharif (cosmologist), Multilinear algebra, Multiple time dimensions, Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory, Myron Mathisson, N-body problem, N-body simulation, Naked singularity, Nalin de Silva, Natural science, Natural units, Negative energy, Negative mass, Neil Ashby, Neil Jordan, Nergis Mavalvala, Neutron star, Newcomb's Tables of the Sun, Newman–Penrose formalism, Newton's identities, Newton's law of universal gravitation, Newton's laws of motion, Newton's theorem of revolving orbits, Newton–Cartan theory, Newtonian gauge, Newtonian limit, Newtonian motivations for general relativity, Ni Wei-Tou, Nibiru Sociedad Astronómica, Nicholas B. Suntzeff, Nicolas Rashevsky, Nikodem Popławski, No-hair theorem, Nobel Prize controversies, Noether's theorem, Non-relativistic spacetime, Non-standard cosmology, Noncommutative quantum field theory, Noncommutative standard model, Nonlinear Dirac equation, Nonlinear system, Nonsymmetric gravitational theory, Nordström's theory of gravitation, Normal coordinates, North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves, North West Cambridge development, November 1915, Novikov self-consistency principle, Numerical relativity, Nuts and bolts (general relativity), Objections to evolution, Objective collapse theory, Observable universe, Observational astronomy, Observational cosmology, Observer (physics), Observer (special relativity), Occhialini Prize, OJ 287, Olbers' paradox, Oleg D. Jefimenko, One-way speed of light, Optical scalars, Orbit, Orbital elements, Orbital mechanics, Orbital period, Orbiter (simulator), Orchestrated objective reduction, Orfeu Bertolami, Orientability, Otto Heckmann, Otto von Guericke, Outline of Albert Einstein, Outline of astronomy, Outline of black holes, Outline of physics, P. R. Wallace, Palatini identity, Palatini variation, Pantur Silaban, Paradigm shift, Paradox of radiation of charged particles in a gravitational field, Parametrization, Particle Data Group, Particle physics, Particle physics and representation theory, Patrick Aidan Heelan, Patrick du Val, Paul Dirac, Paul G. Abel, Paul Lazarsfeld, Paul Lorenzen, Paul Painlevé, Paul S. Wesson, Pauli exclusion principle, Pedro G. Ferreira, Peeling theorem, Penrose interpretation, Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems, Perfect fluid, Perturbation theory, Peter Bergmann, Peter C. Aichelburg, Peter van Nieuwenhuizen, Peter West (physicist), Peter Westervelt, Petr Hořava (theorist), Petrov classification, Phase space, Philosophy of physics, Philosophy of science, Photon, Physical constant, Physical cosmology, Physical law, Physical paradox, Physical theories modified by general relativity, Physics, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Pi, Planck energy, Planck mass, Planck units, Planetary mass, Plasma cosmology, Plebanski action, Plebanski tensor, Polarizable vacuum, Position (vector), Positive energy theorem, Post-Newtonian expansion, Postulates of special relativity, Pound–Rebka experiment, Poynting–Robertson effect, Pp-wave spacetime, Prahalad Chunnilal Vaidya, Precession, Prediction, Predictive power, Preferred frame, Pressure, Pressuron, Primordial black hole, Princeton Junction station, Principle of least action, Principle of locality, Principle of relativity, Problem of time, Problem set, Process and Reality, Project-706, Projective vector field, Propagator, Proper acceleration, Proper frame, Proper length, Proper reference frame (flat spacetime), Proper time, Prussian Academy of Sciences, Pseudo-Riemannian manifold, Pseudotensor, PSR J0348+0432, PSR J0737-3039, PSR J1614–2230, Pugh–Schiff precession, Pulsar, Pure mathematics, Pyre, Quadrupole, Quadrupole formula, Quantum cosmology, Quantum field theory, Quantum field theory in curved spacetime, Quantum foundations, Quantum gravity, Quantum inequalities, Quantum mechanics, Quantum mechanics of time travel, Quantum spacetime, Quasar, Quasi-empirical method, Quasi-periodic oscillation, Quasinormal mode, Radar astronomy, Rafael Sorkin, Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry, Rainbow gravity theory, Raman Research Institute, Ratan Lal Brahmachary, Ray tracing (graphics), Ray tracing (physics), Raychaudhuri equation, Reactionless drive, Real number, Reality, Redshift, Regge calculus, Regulus, Reinhard Meinel, Relational theory, Relative, Relative locality, Relativistic angular momentum, Relativistic chaos, Relativistic disk, Relativistic Lagrangian mechanics, Relativistic mechanics, Relativistic Newtonian dynamics, Relativistic quantum mechanics, Relativistic star, Relativity, Relativity priority dispute, Relativity: The Special and the General Theory, Religion, Renormalization, Renormalization group, Reports on Mathematical Physics, Representation theory of the Lorentz group, Rest (physics), Rest frame, Resurrection, Rex Geveden, RF resonant cavity thruster, Ricardo Carezani, Ricci calculus, Ricci curvature, Ricci decomposition, Ricci scalars (Newman–Penrose formalism), Richard Arnowitt, Richard C. Tolman, Richard Epp (physicist), Richard Feynman, Richard H. Price, Richard Hammond (physicist), Richard P.A.C. Newman, Richard Schoen, Riemann curvature tensor, Riemann sphere, Riemannian geometry, Riemannian manifold, Riemannian Penrose inequality, Rindler coordinates, Ring laser, Robert Bartnik, Robert F. O'Connell, Robert Geroch, Robert H. Dicke, Robert Kraichnan, Robert Wald, Robert Weingard, Roger Penrose, Roman ring, Roman Ulrich Sexl, Ronald Kantowski, Ronald Mallett, Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer, Rotating black hole, Rotating spheres, Roy Kerr, Rudolf Mössbauer, Russell Alan Hulse, Ruth Gregory, RX J0806.3+1527, RX J1856.5-3754, S-duality, S2 (star), Sage Manifolds, Sagittarius A*, Sagnac effect, Samar Mubarakmand, Sanatorium (resort), Satellite laser ranging, Saul Teukolsky, Scalar curvature, Scalar field, Scalar field solution, Scalar theories of gravitation, Scalar–tensor theory, Scale factor (cosmology), Scale relativity, Schild's ladder, Schrödinger–Newton equation, Schwarzschild coordinates, Schwarzschild geodesics, Schwarzschild metric, Schwarzschild radius, Science, Science in the Age of Enlightenment, Scientific formalism, Scientific method, Scientific modelling, Scientific theory, Sea, Sean M. Carroll, Self-censorship, Self-dual Palatini action, Semiclassical physics, Sergei Kopeikin, Sergei Odintsov, Sergio Ferrara, Sergiu Klainerman, Serpens, Shadows of the Mind, Shape dynamics, Shape of the universe, Shapiro time delay, SHEEP (symbolic computation system), Shell theorem, Shing-Tung Yau, Sign convention, Six-dimensional space, Sobral, Ceará, Solar eclipse, Solar eclipse of August 21, 1914, Solar eclipse of June 8, 1918, Solar mass, Solutions of the Einstein field equations, Solving the geodesic equations, Space, Space warfare, Spacetime, Spacetime algebra, Spacetime symmetries, Spacetime topology, Spatial disorientation, Special linear Lie algebra, Special relativity, Special relativity (alternative formulations), Speed of gravity, Speed of light, Spherically symmetric spacetime, Spin foam, Spin tensor, Square Kilometre Array, SQUID, Standard Model, Standard-Model Extension, Stanley Deser, Starobinsky inflation, State College, Pennsylvania, State of matter, Static spacetime, Static spherically symmetric perfect fluid, Static universe, Stationary spacetime, Steady State theory, Stefan Marinov, Stellar black hole, Stellar evolution, STEP (satellite), Stephen Hawking, Stephen Thorsett, Sticky bead argument, Stress–energy tensor, Stress–energy–momentum pseudotensor, String theory, Strong gravitational lensing, Structuralism (philosophy of science), Structure formation, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Sudhansu Datta Majumdar, Superfluid vacuum theory, Supergravity, Supermassive black hole, Supermetric, Superseded scientific theories, Superspace, Superstring theory, Supersymmetry, Supplee's paradox, Suraj N. Gupta, Susan Alexjander, Symmetric space, Symmetry (physics), Synchronous frame, Synge's world function, TAU (spacecraft), Taub–NUT space, Taurus (constellation), Technology in science fiction, Technology in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, Tensor, Tensor (intrinsic definition), Tensor calculus, Tensor field, Tensor network theory, Tensor–vector–scalar gravity, Tensors in curvilinear coordinates, Test particle, Test theories of special relativity, Tests of general relativity, Tests of special relativity, Tetrad formalism, Tetradic Palatini action, Tevian Dray, Thanu Padmanabhan, The 4 Percent Universe, The Call of Cthulhu, The Cosmic Landscape, The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008 film), The Elegant Universe, The Emperor's New Mind, The Fabric of the Cosmos, The House of Sand, The Infinite Monkey Cage, The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time, The Mysterious Universe, The Racah Institute of Physics, The Road to Reality, The Time of Our Singing, The Universe (TV series), Theodor Kaluza, Theodore Theodorsen, Theoretical astronomy, Theoretical motivation for general relativity, Theoretical physics, Theory of everything, Theory of relativity, Thibault Damour, Thomas precession, Thomas W. Baumgarte, Thomas W. Campbell, Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet, Thought experiment, Threshold (Star Trek: Voyager), Tidal force, Tidal tensor, Tim Poston, Time, Time geography, Time in physics, Time Reborn, Time translation symmetry, Time travel, Time travel in fiction, Timeline of cosmological theories, Timeline of developments in theoretical physics, Timeline of fundamental physics discoveries, Timeline of geometry, Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity, Timeline of Indian innovation, Timeline of luminiferous aether, Timeline of quantum mechanics, Timeline of science fiction, Timeline of scientific discoveries, Timeline of scientific thought, Timeline of Solar System astronomy, Timeline of the 20th century, Timeline of theoretical physics, Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation, Topogravitic tensor, Topological censorship, Torsion field (pseudoscience), Transformation optics, Trapped surface, Travis S. Taylor, Tree of knowledge system, Tropical year, Tullio Levi-Civita, Tullio Regge, Twin Quasar, Twistor (book), Two Dogmas of Empiricism, Two-body problem in general relativity, Uffe Haagerup, Ulf Lindström, Ultimate fate of the universe, Underdetermination, UNESCO Albert Einstein medal, Unified field theory, United States gravity control propulsion research, Universal Time, Universe, University of Glasgow, University of Manchester, University of Oxford, Unsere Besten, Vacuum, Vacuum energy, Vacuum solution, Vacuum solution (general relativity), Vaidya metric, Valentine Joseph, Van Stockum dust, Variable speed of light, Variational methods in general relativity, Variational principle, Vector space, Verificationism, Victor A. Brumberg, Vidkun Quisling, Viking 1, Vincent Moncrief, Vinod Johri, Virgo interferometer, Virtual black hole, Vishnu Vasudev Narlikar, Visual space, Vladimir Belinski, Vladimir Fock, Void (astronomy), Volume operator, Vulcan (hypothetical planet), Vulcanoid, W. G. Unruh, Wahlquist fluid, Walk of Ideas, Walter Lewin, Warm inflation, Warp-field experiments, Warped geometry, Wave, Wave equation, Wave–particle duality, Weightlessness, Weinberg–Witten theorem, Weyl curvature hypothesis, Weyl metrics, Weyl scalar, Weyl tensor, Weyl−Lewis−Papapetrou coordinates, Wheeler–DeWitt equation, Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory, White dwarf, White hole, Whitehead's theory of gravitation, Why Beauty Is Truth, Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope, Wilfrid Leng, Wilhelm Cauer, Willem de Sitter, Willem Jacob van Stockum, William B. Bonnor, William H. Press, William Kingdon Clifford, William Morris Kinnersley, Wolfgang P. Schleich, Wolfgang Pauli, Wolfgang Rindler, Women in science, Woodward effect, World crystal, World egg, World line, World manifold, Worldsheet, Wormhole, Wormholes in fiction, X band, Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich, Yang–Mills theory, Yilmaz theory of gravitation, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Yuri Yappa, Zero-drag satellite, Zero-point energy, Zhou Peiyuan, Zurich Notebook, (137924) 2000 BD19, (2+1)-dimensional topological gravity, 15 Eunomia, 1566 Icarus, 1879 in Germany, 1910s, 1915, 1915 in science, 1916 in literature, 1916 in science, 1918 in science, 1919, 1919 in science, 1919 in the United Kingdom, 1920 in science, 1920 in the United Kingdom, 1922 in Australia, 1949 in science, 1963, 1963 in science, 1963 in the United States, 1976 in science, 2004 in science, 2011 in science, 2016 in science, 2017 in science, 20th century, 20th century in science, 3200 Phaethon, 4, 4-manifold. Expand index (1476 more) » « Shrink index

A Brief History of Time

A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes is a popular-science book on cosmology (the study of the universe) by British physicist Stephen Hawking.

New!!: General relativity and A Brief History of Time · See more »

Abhas Mitra

Abhas Mitra (born 18 June 1955) is an Indian astrophysicist best known for his distinct views on several front-line astrophysics concepts, particularly related to black holes and Big Bang cosmology involving the black hole information paradox.

New!!: General relativity and Abhas Mitra · See more »

Abraham H. Taub

Abraham Haskel Taub (February 1, 1911 – August 9, 1999) was a distinguished American mathematician and physicist, well known for his important contributions to the early development of general relativity, as well as differential geometry and differential equations.

New!!: General relativity and Abraham H. Taub · See more »

Abraham Zelmanov

Abraham Zelmanov (May 15, 1913 – February 2, 1987), was a prominent scientist working in the General Theory of Relativity and cosmology.

New!!: General relativity and Abraham Zelmanov · See more »

Abraham–Lorentz force

In the physics of electromagnetism, the Abraham–Lorentz force (also Lorentz–Abraham force) is the recoil force on an accelerating charged particle caused by the particle emitting electromagnetic radiation.

New!!: General relativity and Abraham–Lorentz force · See more »

Absolute horizon

In general relativity, an absolute horizon is a boundary in spacetime, defined with respect to the external universe, inside which events cannot affect an external observer.

New!!: General relativity and Absolute horizon · See more »

Absolute magnitude

Absolute magnitude is a measure of the luminosity of a celestial object, on a logarithmic astronomical magnitude scale.

New!!: General relativity and Absolute magnitude · See more »

Absolute rotation

In physics, the concept of absolute rotation—rotation independent of any external reference—is a topic of debate about relativity, cosmology, and the nature of physical laws.

New!!: General relativity and Absolute rotation · See more »

Absolute space and time

Absolute space and time is a concept in physics and philosophy about the properties of the universe.

New!!: General relativity and Absolute space and time · See more »

Abstract differential geometry

The adjective abstract has often been applied to differential geometry before, but the abstract differential geometry (ADG) of this article is a form of differential geometry without the calculus notion of smoothness, developed by Anastasios Mallios and others from 1998 onwards.

New!!: General relativity and Abstract differential geometry · See more »

Accelerating expansion of the universe

The accelerating expansion of the universe is the observation that the universe appears to be expanding at an increasing rate, so that the velocity at which a distant galaxy is receding from the observer is continuously increasing with time.

New!!: General relativity and Accelerating expansion of the universe · See more »

Acceleration (special relativity)

Accelerations in special relativity (SR) follow, as in Newtonian Mechanics, by differentiation of velocity with respect to time.

New!!: General relativity and Acceleration (special relativity) · See more »

Achilles Papapetrou

Achille Papapetrou (Αχιλλέας Νικολάου Παπαπέτρου; February 2, 1907 – August 12, 1997) was a Greek theoretical physicist, who contributed to the Theory of General Relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Achilles Papapetrou · See more »

Action at a distance

In physics, action at a distance is the concept that an object can be moved, changed, or otherwise affected without being physically touched (as in mechanical contact) by another object.

New!!: General relativity and Action at a distance · See more »

Actor model

The actor model in computer science is a mathematical model of concurrent computation that treats "actors" as the universal primitives of concurrent computation.

New!!: General relativity and Actor model · See more »

Actor model theory

In theoretical computer science, Actor model theory concerns theoretical issues for the Actor model.

New!!: General relativity and Actor model theory · See more »

Ad hoc hypothesis

In science and philosophy, an ad hoc hypothesis is a hypothesis added to a theory in order to save it from being falsified.

New!!: General relativity and Ad hoc hypothesis · See more »

ADM formalism

The ADM formalism (named for its authors Richard Arnowitt, Stanley Deser and Charles W. Misner) is a Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity that plays an important role in canonical quantum gravity and numerical relativity.

New!!: General relativity and ADM formalism · See more »

Adriaan Fokker

Adriaan Daniël Fokker (17 August 1887 – 24 September 1972) was a Dutch physicist and musician.

New!!: General relativity and Adriaan Fokker · See more »

AdS black hole

In theoretical physics, an anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole is a black hole solution of general relativity or its extensions which represents an isolated massive object, but with a negative cosmological constant.

New!!: General relativity and AdS black hole · See more »

AdS/CFT correspondence

In theoretical physics, the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence, sometimes called Maldacena duality or gauge/gravity duality, is a conjectured relationship between two kinds of physical theories.

New!!: General relativity and AdS/CFT correspondence · See more »

Aether drag hypothesis

In the 19th century, the theory of the luminiferous aether as the hypothetical medium for the propagation of light was widely discussed.

New!!: General relativity and Aether drag hypothesis · See more »

Aether theories

Aether theories (also known as ether theories) in physics propose the existence of a medium, the aether (also spelled ether, from the Greek word (αἰθήρ), meaning "upper air" or "pure, fresh air"" ", American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language.), a space-filling substance or field, thought to be necessary as a transmission medium for the propagation of electromagnetic or gravitational forces.

New!!: General relativity and Aether theories · See more »

Affine connection

In the branch of mathematics called differential geometry, an affine connection is a geometric object on a smooth manifold which connects nearby tangent spaces, so it permits tangent vector fields to be differentiated as if they were functions on the manifold with values in a fixed vector space.

New!!: General relativity and Affine connection · See more »

Age of the universe

In physical cosmology, the age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang.

New!!: General relativity and Age of the universe · See more »

Ahmed Farag Ali

Ahmed Farag Ali (أحمد فرج علي), is a Lecturer at Faculty of Science, Benha University.

New!!: General relativity and Ahmed Farag Ali · See more »

Aichelburg–Sexl ultraboost

In general relativity, the Aichelburg–Sexl ultraboost is an exact solution which models the spacetime of an observer moving towards or away from a spherically symmetric gravitating object at nearly the speed of light.

New!!: General relativity and Aichelburg–Sexl ultraboost · See more »

AIGO

The Australian International Gravitational Observatory (AIGO) is a research facility located near Gingin, north of Perth in Western Australia.

New!!: General relativity and AIGO · See more »

Alan Lightman

Alan Paige Lightman is an American physicist, writer, and social entrepreneur.

New!!: General relativity and Alan Lightman · See more »

Albert A. Michelson

Albert Abraham Michelson FFRS HFRSE (December 19, 1852 – May 9, 1931) was an American physicist known for his work on measuring the speed of light and especially for the Michelson–Morley experiment.

New!!: General relativity and Albert A. Michelson · See more »

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics).

New!!: General relativity and Albert Einstein · See more »

Albert Einstein Archives

Albert Einstein Archives refers to an archive on the Givat Ram (Edmond J. Safra) campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Jerusalem, Israel housing the personal papers of 20th century physicist Albert Einstein.

New!!: General relativity and Albert Einstein Archives · See more »

Albert Einstein Memorial

The Albert Einstein Memorial is a monumental bronze statue depicting Albert Einstein seated with manuscript papers in hand by sculptor Robert Berks.

New!!: General relativity and Albert Einstein Memorial · See more »

Albert Einstein Science Park

The Albert Einstein Science Park is located on the hill Telegrafenberg in Potsdam, Germany.

New!!: General relativity and Albert Einstein Science Park · See more »

Alcubierre drive

The Alcubierre drive or Alcubierre warp drive (or Alcubierre metric, referring to metric tensor) is a speculative idea based on a solution of Einstein's field equations in general relativity as proposed by Mexican theoretical physicist Miguel Alcubierre, by which a spacecraft could achieve apparent faster-than-light travel if a configurable energy-density field lower than that of vacuum (that is, negative mass) could be created.

New!!: General relativity and Alcubierre drive · See more »

Alejandro Corichi

Alejandro Corichi is a theoretical physicist working at the Quantum Gravity group of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).

New!!: General relativity and Alejandro Corichi · See more »

Alexander Friedmann

Alexander Alexandrovich Friedmann (also spelled Friedman or Fridman; Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Фри́дман) (June 16, 1888 – September 16, 1925) was a Russian and Soviet physicist and mathematician.

New!!: General relativity and Alexander Friedmann · See more »

Alfred Bucherer

Alfred Heinrich Bucherer (* 9 July 1863 in Cologne; † 16 April 1927 in Bonn) was a German physicist, who is known for his experiments on relativistic mass.

New!!: General relativity and Alfred Bucherer · See more »

Alfred North Whitehead

Alfred North Whitehead (15 February 1861 – 30 December 1947) was an English mathematician and philosopher.

New!!: General relativity and Alfred North Whitehead · See more »

Alfred Schild

Alfred Schild (September 7, 1921 – May 24, 1977) was a leading German-American physicist, well known for his contributions to the Golden age of general relativity (1960–1975).

New!!: General relativity and Alfred Schild · See more »

Ali Chamseddine

Ali H. Chamseddine (Arabic: علي شمس الدين, born 20 February 1953) is a Lebanese physicist known for his contributions to particle physics, general relativity and mathematical physics.

New!!: General relativity and Ali Chamseddine · See more »

Alternatives to general relativity

Alternatives to general relativity are physical theories that attempt to describe the phenomenon of gravitation in competition to Einstein's theory of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Alternatives to general relativity · See more »

Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri

Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri (অমল কুমার রায়চৌধুরী; 14 September 1923 – 18 June 2005) was a leading Indian physicist, renowned for his research in general relativity and cosmology.

New!!: General relativity and Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri · See more »

American Astronomical Society

The American Astronomical Society (AAS, sometimes spoken as "double-A-S") is an American society of professional astronomers and other interested individuals, headquartered in Washington, DC.

New!!: General relativity and American Astronomical Society · See more »

An Experiment with Time

An Experiment with Time is a book by the British soldier, aeronautical engineer and philosopher J. W. Dunne (1875–1949) on the subjects of precognitive dreams and a theory of time which he later called Serialism.

New!!: General relativity and An Experiment with Time · See more »

Analog models of gravity

Analog models of gravity are attempts to model various phenomena of general relativity (e.g., black holes or cosmological geometries) using other physical systems such as acoustics in a moving fluid, superfluid helium, or Bose–Einstein condensate; gravity waves in water; and propagation of electromagnetic waves in a dielectric medium.

New!!: General relativity and Analog models of gravity · See more »

Analytical mechanics

In theoretical physics and mathematical physics, analytical mechanics, or theoretical mechanics is a collection of closely related alternative formulations of classical mechanics.

New!!: General relativity and Analytical mechanics · See more »

Anatoly Logunov

Anatoly Alekseyevich Logunov (Анатолий Алексеевич Логунов, December 30, 1926 – March 1, 2015) was a Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Russian Academy of Sciences.

New!!: General relativity and Anatoly Logunov · See more »

András Vasy

András Vasy (born 1969 in Hungary) is an American, Hungarian mathematician working in the areas of partial differential equations, microlocal analysis, scattering theory, and inverse problems.

New!!: General relativity and András Vasy · See more »

André Lichnerowicz

André Lichnerowicz (January 21, 1915 – December 11, 1998) was a noted French differential geometer and mathematical physicist of Polish descent.

New!!: General relativity and André Lichnerowicz · See more »

Andrea M. Ghez

Andrea Mia Ghez (born June 16, 1965) is an American astronomer and professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at UCLA.

New!!: General relativity and Andrea M. Ghez · See more »

Andreja Gomboc

Andreja Gomboc (born 10 November 1969) is a Slovenian astrophysicist.

New!!: General relativity and Andreja Gomboc · See more »

Andrew Lyne

Andrew Geoffrey Lyne FRS (born 13 July 1942) is a British physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Andrew Lyne · See more »

Andrzej Trautman

Andrzej Mariusz Trautman (born January 4, 1933) is a Polish mathematical physicist who has made contributions to classical gravitation in general and to general relativity in particular.

New!!: General relativity and Andrzej Trautman · See more »

Aniara

Aniara (Aniara: en revy om människan i tid och rum) is a poem of science fiction written by Swedish Nobel laureate Harry Martinson in 1956.

New!!: General relativity and Aniara · See more »

Aninda Sinha

Aninda Sinha is an Indian scientist working as an associate professor at Center for High Energy Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.

New!!: General relativity and Aninda Sinha · See more »

Anna Maria Nobili

Anna Maria Nobili is an Italian physicist active in the field of gravitational physics.

New!!: General relativity and Anna Maria Nobili · See more »

Anna Watts

Anna Watts is an Associate Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Amsterdam.

New!!: General relativity and Anna Watts · See more »

Annalen der Physik

Annalen der Physik (English: Annals of Physics) is one of the oldest scientific journals on physics and has been published since 1799.

New!!: General relativity and Annalen der Physik · See more »

Annus Mirabilis papers

The Annus mirabilis papers (from Latin annus mīrābilis, "extraordinary year") are the papers of Albert Einstein published in the Annalen der Physik scientific journal in 1905.

New!!: General relativity and Annus Mirabilis papers · See more »

Anthony Zee

Anthony Zee (b. 1945) (Zee comes from /ʑi23/, the Shanghainese pronunciation of 徐) is a Chinese-American physicist, writer, and currently a professor at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics and the physics department of the University of California, Santa Barbara.

New!!: General relativity and Anthony Zee · See more »

Anti-de Sitter space

In mathematics and physics, n-dimensional anti-de Sitter space (AdSn) is a maximally symmetric Lorentzian manifold with constant negative scalar curvature.

New!!: General relativity and Anti-de Sitter space · See more »

Anti-gravity

Anti-gravity (also known as non-gravitational field) is an idea of creating a place or object that is free from the force of gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Anti-gravity · See more »

Antony Garrett Lisi

Antony Garrett Lisi (born January 24, 1968), known as Garrett Lisi, is an American theoretical physicist and adventure sports enthusiast.

New!!: General relativity and Antony Garrett Lisi · See more »

Antony Valentini

Antony Valentini is a theoretical physicist and a professor at Clemson University.

New!!: General relativity and Antony Valentini · See more »

Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation

The Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation, or APOLLO, is a project at the Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico.

New!!: General relativity and Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation · See more »

Apparent horizon

In general relativity, an apparent horizon is a surface that is the boundary between light rays that are directed outwards and moving outwards, and those directed outward but moving inward.

New!!: General relativity and Apparent horizon · See more »

Apparent magnitude

The apparent magnitude of a celestial object is a number that is a measure of its brightness as seen by an observer on Earth.

New!!: General relativity and Apparent magnitude · See more »

Apsidal precession

In celestial mechanics, apsidal precession or orbital precession is the precession (rotation) of the orbit of a celestial body.

New!!: General relativity and Apsidal precession · See more »

Archenhold Observatory

The Archenhold Observatory, named in honor of Friedrich Simon Archenhold, is an observatory in Berlin-Treptow.

New!!: General relativity and Archenhold Observatory · See more »

Aristotelian physics

Aristotelian physics is a form of natural science described in the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–).

New!!: General relativity and Aristotelian physics · See more »

Arlie Petters

Arlie Oswald Petters, MBE (born February 8, 1964) is a Belizean-American mathematical physicist, who is the Benjamin Powell Professor of Mathematics and a Professor Physics and Economics at Duke University.

New!!: General relativity and Arlie Petters · See more »

Arnold Sommerfeld

Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld, (5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored a large number of students for the new era of theoretical physics.

New!!: General relativity and Arnold Sommerfeld · See more »

Art Concret

Art Concret was a single-issue French-language art magazine published in Paris in 1930.

New!!: General relativity and Art Concret · See more »

Arthur Eddington

Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944) was an English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician of the early 20th century who did his greatest work in astrophysics.

New!!: General relativity and Arthur Eddington · See more »

Arthur Geoffrey Walker

Arthur Geoffrey Walker (17 July 1909 in Watford, Hertfordshire, England – 31 March 2001) was a leading mathematician who made important contributions to physics and physical cosmology.

New!!: General relativity and Arthur Geoffrey Walker · See more »

Arthur Komar

Arthur B. Komar (March 26, 1931 – June 3, 2011) was a theoretical physicist, specializing in general relativity and the search for quantum gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Arthur Komar · See more »

Arthur Robert Hinks

Arthur Robert Hinks, CBE, FRS (26 May 1873 – 14 April 1945) was a British astronomer and geographer.

New!!: General relativity and Arthur Robert Hinks · See more »

Arthur Schopenhauer

Arthur Schopenhauer (22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher.

New!!: General relativity and Arthur Schopenhauer · See more »

Asghar Qadir

Asghar Qadir (Urdu: اصغر قادر; 23 July 1946), ''HI'', ''SI'', ''FPAS'', is a Pakistani mathematician and a prominent cosmologist, specialised in mathematical physics and physical cosmology.

New!!: General relativity and Asghar Qadir · See more »

Asher Peres

Asher Peres (אשר פרס; January 30, 1934 – January 1, 2005) was an Israeli physicist, considered a pioneer in quantum information theory, as well as the connections between quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Asher Peres · See more »

Ashtekar variables

In the ADM formulation of general relativity, spacetime is split into spatial slices and a time axis.

New!!: General relativity and Ashtekar variables · See more »

Astronomical system of units

The astronomical system of units, formally called the IAU (1976) System of Astronomical Constants, is a system of measurement developed for use in astronomy.

New!!: General relativity and Astronomical system of units · See more »

Astronomical unit

The astronomical unit (symbol: au, ua, or AU) is a unit of length, roughly the distance from Earth to the Sun.

New!!: General relativity and Astronomical unit · See more »

Astronomy

Astronomy (from ἀστρονομία) is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena.

New!!: General relativity and Astronomy · See more »

Astrophysical jet

An astrophysical jet is an astronomical phenomenon where outflows of ionised matter are emitted as an extended beam along the axis of rotation.

New!!: General relativity and Astrophysical jet · See more »

Astrophysics

Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that employs the principles of physics and chemistry "to ascertain the nature of the astronomical objects, rather than their positions or motions in space".

New!!: General relativity and Astrophysics · See more »

Asymptotic safety in quantum gravity

Asymptotic safety (sometimes also referred to as nonperturbative renormalizability) is a concept in quantum field theory which aims at finding a consistent and predictive quantum theory of the gravitational field.

New!!: General relativity and Asymptotic safety in quantum gravity · See more »

Asymptotically flat spacetime

An asymptotically flat spacetime is a Lorentzian manifold in which, roughly speaking, the curvature vanishes at large distances from some region, so that at large distances, the geometry becomes indistinguishable from that of Minkowski spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Asymptotically flat spacetime · See more »

Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space

Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES) is a project led by the European Space Agency which will place ultra-stable atomic clocks on the International Space Station.

New!!: General relativity and Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space · See more »

Atomic units

Atomic units (au or a.u.) form a system of natural units which is especially convenient for atomic physics calculations.

New!!: General relativity and Atomic units · See more »

Attilio Palatini

Attilio Palatini (18 November 1889 – 24 August 1949) was an Italian mathematician born in Treviso.

New!!: General relativity and Attilio Palatini · See more »

August 1916

The following events occurred in August 1916.

New!!: General relativity and August 1916 · See more »

August 1918

The following events occurred in August 1918.

New!!: General relativity and August 1918 · See more »

Augusto Sagnotti

Augusto Sagnotti (born 1955) is a Professor of Theoretical Physics at Scuola Normale (since 2005).

New!!: General relativity and Augusto Sagnotti · See more »

Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder

The Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) is a radio telescope array located at Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory (MRO) in the Australian Mid West.

New!!: General relativity and Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder · See more »

Autodynamics

Autodynamics was a physics theory proposed by Ricardo Carezani in the early 1940s as a replacement for Einstein's theories of special relativity and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Autodynamics · See more »

Axiom

An axiom or postulate is a statement that is taken to be true, to serve as a premise or starting point for further reasoning and arguments.

New!!: General relativity and Axiom · See more »

Élie Cartan

Élie Joseph Cartan, ForMemRS (9 April 1869 – 6 May 1951) was an influential French mathematician who did fundamental work in the theory of Lie groups and their geometric applications.

New!!: General relativity and Élie Cartan · See more »

Émile Meyerson

Émile Meyerson (12 February 1859 – 2 December 1933) was a Polish-born French epistemologist, chemist, and philosopher of science.

New!!: General relativity and Émile Meyerson · See more »

Bach tensor

In differential geometry and general relativity, the Bach tensor is a trace-free tensor of rank 2 which is conformally invariant in dimension.

New!!: General relativity and Bach tensor · See more »

Back-reaction

In theoretical physics, back-reaction (or backreaction) is often necessary to calculate the self-consistent behaviour of a particle or an object in an external field.

New!!: General relativity and Back-reaction · See more »

Background independence

Background independence is a condition in theoretical physics, that requires the defining equations of a theory to be independent of the actual shape of the spacetime and the value of various fields within the spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Background independence · See more »

Bahá'í Faith and science

A fundamental principle of the Bahá'í Faith is the stated harmony of religion and science.

New!!: General relativity and Bahá'í Faith and science · See more »

Bahram Mashhoon

Bahram Mashhoon is an Iranian-American physicist known for his research in General Relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Bahram Mashhoon · See more »

Banesh Hoffmann

Banesh Hoffmann (6 September 1906 – 5 August 1986) was a British mathematician and physicist known for his association with Albert Einstein.

New!!: General relativity and Banesh Hoffmann · See more »

Barrett–Crane model

The Barrett–Crane model is a model in quantum gravity, first published in 1998, which was defined using the Plebanski action.

New!!: General relativity and Barrett–Crane model · See more »

Barycenter

The barycenter (or barycentre; from the Ancient Greek βαρύς heavy + κέντρον centre) is the center of mass of two or more bodies that are orbiting each other, which is the point around which they both orbit.

New!!: General relativity and Barycenter · See more »

Barycentric celestial reference system

The Barycentric celestial reference system (BCRS) is a coordinate system used in astrometry to specify the location and motions of astronomical objects.

New!!: General relativity and Barycentric celestial reference system · See more »

Barycentric Coordinate Time

Barycentric Coordinate Time (TCB, from the French Temps-coordonnée barycentrique) is a coordinate time standard intended to be used as the independent variable of time for all calculations pertaining to orbits of planets, asteroids, comets, and interplanetary spacecraft in the Solar system.

New!!: General relativity and Barycentric Coordinate Time · See more »

Barycentric Julian Date

The Barycentric Julian Date (BJD) is the Julian Date (JD) corrected for differences in the Earth's position with respect to the barycentre of the Solar System.

New!!: General relativity and Barycentric Julian Date · See more »

Baryon acoustic oscillations

In cosmology, baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) are regular, periodic fluctuations in the density of the visible baryonic matter (normal matter) of the universe.

New!!: General relativity and Baryon acoustic oscillations · See more »

Baryon asymmetry

In physics, the baryon asymmetry problem, also known as the matter asymmetry problem or the matter-antimatter asymmetry problem, is the observed imbalance in baryonic matter (the type of matter experienced in everyday life) and antibaryonic matter in the observable universe.

New!!: General relativity and Baryon asymmetry · See more »

Basilis C. Xanthopoulos

Basilis C. Xanthopoulos (also Vasilis; Βασίλης Κ. Ξανθόπουλος; 1951 – 27 November 1990) was a Greek theoretical physicist, well known in the field of general relativity for his contributions to the study of colliding plane waves.

New!!: General relativity and Basilis C. Xanthopoulos · See more »

Beam splitter

A beam splitter is an optical device that splits a beam of light in two.

New!!: General relativity and Beam splitter · See more »

Bekenstein bound

In physics, the Bekenstein bound is an upper limit on the entropy S, or information I, that can be contained within a given finite region of space which has a finite amount of energy—or conversely, the maximum amount of information required to perfectly describe a given physical system down to the quantum level.

New!!: General relativity and Bekenstein bound · See more »

Bel decomposition

In semi-Riemannian geometry, the Bel decomposition, taken with respect to a specific timelike congruence, is a way of breaking up the Riemann tensor of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold into lower order tensors with properties similar to the electric field and magnetic field.

New!!: General relativity and Bel decomposition · See more »

Bel–Robinson tensor

In general relativity and differential geometry, the Bel–Robinson tensor is a tensor defined in the abstract index notation by: Alternatively, where C_ is the Weyl tensor.

New!!: General relativity and Bel–Robinson tensor · See more »

Belinfante–Rosenfeld stress–energy tensor

In mathematical physics, the Belinfante–Rosenfeld tensor is a modification of the energy–momentum tensor that is constructed from the canonical energy–momentum tensor and the spin current so as to be symmetric yet still conserved.

New!!: General relativity and Belinfante–Rosenfeld stress–energy tensor · See more »

Bell's spaceship paradox

Bell's spaceship paradox is a thought experiment in special relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Bell's spaceship paradox · See more »

Benjamin Lee Whorf

Benjamin Lee Whorf (April 24, 1897 – July 26, 1941) was an American linguist and fire prevention engineer.

New!!: General relativity and Benjamin Lee Whorf · See more »

BepiColombo

BepiColombo is a joint mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to the planet Mercury.

New!!: General relativity and BepiColombo · See more »

Bernard Carr

Bernard J. Carr is a British professor of mathematics and astronomy at Queen Mary University of London (QMUL).

New!!: General relativity and Bernard Carr · See more »

Bernard F. Schutz

Bernard F. Schutz (born August 11, 1946, in Paterson, New Jersey) is an American physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Bernard F. Schutz · See more »

Bernard Haisch

Bernard Haisch is a German-born American astrophysicist who has done research in solar-stellar astrophysics and stochastic electrodynamics.

New!!: General relativity and Bernard Haisch · See more »

Bernhard Riemann

Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (17 September 1826 – 20 July 1866) was a German mathematician who made contributions to analysis, number theory, and differential geometry.

New!!: General relativity and Bernhard Riemann · See more »

Beyond Einstein (book)

Beyond Einstein: The Cosmic Quest for the Theory of the Universe is a book by Michio Kaku, a theoretical physicist from the City College of New York, and Jennifer Trainer Thompson.

New!!: General relativity and Beyond Einstein (book) · See more »

Beyond Einstein program

The Beyond Einstein program is a NASA project designed to explore the limits of Einstein's theory of General Relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Beyond Einstein program · See more »

Big Bang

The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution.

New!!: General relativity and Big Bang · See more »

Big Bounce

The Big Bounce is a hypothetical cosmological model for the origin of the known universe.

New!!: General relativity and Big Bounce · See more »

Bill Gaede

Guillermo "Bill" Gaede (born November 19, 1952) is an Argentine engineer and programmer who is best known for Cold War industrial spying conducted while he worked at Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) and Intel Corporation (Intel).

New!!: General relativity and Bill Gaede · See more »

Bimetric gravity

Bimetric gravity or bigravity refers to a class of modified mathematical theories of gravity (or gravitation) in which two metric tensors are used instead of one.

New!!: General relativity and Bimetric gravity · See more »

Binary black hole

A binary black hole (BBH) is a system consisting of two black holes in close orbit around each other.

New!!: General relativity and Binary black hole · See more »

Binary pulsar

A binary pulsar is a pulsar with a binary companion, often a white dwarf or neutron star.

New!!: General relativity and Binary pulsar · See more »

Binet equation

The Binet equation, derived by Jacques Philippe Marie Binet, provides the form of a central force given the shape of the orbital motion in plane polar coordinates.

New!!: General relativity and Binet equation · See more »

Birkhoff's theorem (relativity)

In general relativity, Birkhoff's theorem states that any spherically symmetric solution of the vacuum field equations must be static and asymptotically flat.

New!!: General relativity and Birkhoff's theorem (relativity) · See more »

BKL singularity

A Belinsky-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz (BKL) singularity is a model of the dynamic evolution of the Universe near the initial singularity, described by an anisotropic, homogeneous, chaotic solution to Einstein's field equations of gravitation.

New!!: General relativity and BKL singularity · See more »

Black

Black is the darkest color, the result of the absence or complete absorption of visible light.

New!!: General relativity and Black · See more »

Black brane

In general relativity, a black brane is a solution of the equations that generalizes a black hole solution but it is also extended—and translationally symmetric—in p additional spatial dimensions.

New!!: General relativity and Black brane · See more »

Black hole

A black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—not even particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from inside it.

New!!: General relativity and Black hole · See more »

Black hole cosmology

A black hole cosmology (also called Schwarzschild cosmology or black hole cosmological model) is a cosmological model in which the observable universe is the interior of a black hole.

New!!: General relativity and Black hole cosmology · See more »

Black hole information paradox

The black hole information paradox is a puzzle resulting from the combination of quantum mechanics and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Black hole information paradox · See more »

Black Hole Initiative

The Black Hole Initiative (BHI) is an interdisciplinary program at Harvard University that includes the fields of Astronomy, Physics and Philosophy, and is claimed to be the first center in the world to focus on the study of black holes.

New!!: General relativity and Black Hole Initiative · See more »

Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays

Black Holes and Baby Universes and other Essays is a 1993 popular science book by English astrophysicist Stephen Hawking.

New!!: General relativity and Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays · See more »

Black Holes and Time Warps

Black Holes & Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy is a 1994 popular science book by physicist Kip Thorne.

New!!: General relativity and Black Holes and Time Warps · See more »

Black holes in fiction

The study of black holes, gravitational sources so massive that even light cannot escape from them, goes back to the late 18th century.

New!!: General relativity and Black holes in fiction · See more »

Black star (semiclassical gravity)

A black star is a gravitational object composed of matter.

New!!: General relativity and Black star (semiclassical gravity) · See more »

Bo Thidé

Bo Y. Thidé (born in Gothenburg, Sweden) is a Swedish physicist who studies radio waves and other electromagnetic radiation in space, particularly their interaction with matter and fields.

New!!: General relativity and Bo Thidé · See more »

Bolshoi Cosmological Simulation

The Bolshoi simulation, run in 2010 on the Pleiades supercomputer at the NASA Ames Research Center, was the most accurate cosmological simulation to that date of the evolution of the large-scale structure of the universe.

New!!: General relativity and Bolshoi Cosmological Simulation · See more »

Boltzmann equation

The Boltzmann equation or Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) describes the statistical behaviour of a thermodynamic system not in a state of equilibrium, devised by Ludwig Boltzmann in 1872.

New!!: General relativity and Boltzmann equation · See more »

Bondi–Metzner–Sachs group

The ordinary Bondi–Metzner–Sachs (BMS) group B is the common asymptotic symmetry group of all radiating, asymptotically flat, Lorentzian spacetimes.

New!!: General relativity and Bondi–Metzner–Sachs group · See more »

Bonnor beam

In general relativity, the Bonnor beam is an exact solution which models an infinitely long, straight beam of light.

New!!: General relativity and Bonnor beam · See more »

Boyer–Lindquist coordinates

In the mathematical description of general relativity, the Boyer–Lindquist coordinates are a generalization of the coordinates used for the metric of a Schwarzschild black hole that can be used to express the metric of a Kerr black hole.

New!!: General relativity and Boyer–Lindquist coordinates · See more »

Branches of physics

Physics deals with the combination of matter and energy.

New!!: General relativity and Branches of physics · See more »

Brandon Carter

Brandon Carter, FRS (born 1942) is an Australian theoretical physicist, best known for his work on the properties of black holes and for being the first to name and employ the anthropic principle in its contemporary form.

New!!: General relativity and Brandon Carter · See more »

Brans–Dicke theory

In theoretical physics, the Brans–Dicke theory of gravitation (sometimes called the Jordan–Brans–Dicke theory) is a theoretical framework to explain gravitation.

New!!: General relativity and Brans–Dicke theory · See more »

BritGrav

BritGrav (British Gravity Meeting) is an annual meeting, based in the United Kingdom and Ireland, for academics whose research is connected to gravitation.

New!!: General relativity and BritGrav · See more »

BRST quantization

In theoretical physics, the BRST formalism, or BRST quantization (where the BRST refers to Becchi, Rouet, Stora and Tyutin) denotes a relatively rigorous mathematical approach to quantizing a field theory with a gauge symmetry.

New!!: General relativity and BRST quantization · See more »

Bruno Bertotti

Bruno Bertotti (born 1930) is an Italian physicist, emeritus professor at the University of Pavia.

New!!: General relativity and Bruno Bertotti · See more »

Bruria Kaufman

Bruria Kaufman (August 21, 1918 – January 7, 2010) was an Israeli theoretical physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Bruria Kaufman · See more »

BSSN formalism

The BSSN formalism is a formalism of general relativity that was developed by Thomas W. Baumgarte, Stuart L. Shapiro, Masaru Shibata and Takashi Nakamura between 1987 and 1999.

New!!: General relativity and BSSN formalism · See more »

Bucket argument

Isaac Newton's rotating bucket argument (also known as Newton's bucket) was designed to demonstrate that true rotational motion cannot be defined as the relative rotation of the body with respect to the immediately surrounding bodies.

New!!: General relativity and Bucket argument · See more »

Buddhism and science

Buddhism and science have increasingly been discussed as compatible, and Buddhism has entered into the science and religion dialogue.

New!!: General relativity and Buddhism and science · See more »

Bumblebee models

Bumblebee models are effective field theories describing a vector field with a vacuum expectation value that spontaneously breaks Lorentz symmetry.

New!!: General relativity and Bumblebee models · See more »

C. V. Vishveshwara

C.

New!!: General relativity and C. V. Vishveshwara · See more »

Cactus Framework

Cactus is an open-source, problem-solving environment designed for scientists and engineers.

New!!: General relativity and Cactus Framework · See more »

Calabi flow

In differential geometry, the Calabi flow is an intrinsic geometric flow—a process which deforms the metric of a Riemannian manifold—in a manner formally analogous to the way that vibrations are damped and dissipated in a hypothetical curved n-dimensional structural element.

New!!: General relativity and Calabi flow · See more »

Calabi–Yau manifold

In algebraic geometry, a Calabi–Yau manifold, also known as a Calabi–Yau space, is a particular type of manifold which has properties, such as Ricci flatness, yielding applications in theoretical physics.

New!!: General relativity and Calabi–Yau manifold · See more »

Calculus

Calculus (from Latin calculus, literally 'small pebble', used for counting and calculations, as on an abacus), is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations.

New!!: General relativity and Calculus · See more »

California Institute of Technology

The California Institute of Technology (abbreviated Caltech)The university itself only spells its short form as "Caltech"; other spellings such as.

New!!: General relativity and California Institute of Technology · See more »

Cambridge Algebra System

Cambridge Algebra System (CAMAL) is a computer algebra system written in Cambridge University by David Barton, Steve Bourne, and John Fitch.

New!!: General relativity and Cambridge Algebra System · See more »

Canonical quantum gravity

In physics, canonical quantum gravity is an attempt to quantize the canonical formulation of general relativity (or canonical gravity).

New!!: General relativity and Canonical quantum gravity · See more »

Carl H. Brans

Carl Henry Brans (born December 13, 1935) is an American mathematical physicist best known for his research into the theoretical underpinnings of gravitation elucidated in his most widely publicized work, the Brans–Dicke theory.

New!!: General relativity and Carl H. Brans · See more »

Carl Wilhelm Oseen

Carl Wilhelm Oseen (17 April 1879, Lund – 7 November 1944, Uppsala) was a theoretical physicist in Uppsala and Director of the Nobel Institute for Theoretical Physics in Stockholm.

New!!: General relativity and Carl Wilhelm Oseen · See more »

Carlo Cattaneo (mathematician)

Carlo Cattàneo (31 October 1911, San Giorgio Piacentino – 7 March 1979, Rome) was an Italian academic and one of the general relativity theorists and mathematical physicists in the 1960s and 1970s.

New!!: General relativity and Carlo Cattaneo (mathematician) · See more »

Carlos Aragone

Carlos Aragone (1937 – 1994) was a Latin American physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Carlos Aragone · See more »

Carminati–McLenaghan invariants

In general relativity, the Carminati–McLenaghan invariants or CM scalars are a set of 16 scalar curvature invariants for the Riemann tensor.

New!!: General relativity and Carminati–McLenaghan invariants · See more »

Cartan formalism (physics)

The vierbein or tetrad theory much used in theoretical physics is a special case of the application of Cartan connection in four-dimensional manifolds.

New!!: General relativity and Cartan formalism (physics) · See more »

Cartan–Karlhede algorithm

The Cartan–Karlhede algorithm is a procedure for completely classifying and comparing Riemannian manifolds.

New!!: General relativity and Cartan–Karlhede algorithm · See more »

Carter constant

The Carter constant is a conserved quantity for motion around black holes in the general relativistic formulation of gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Carter constant · See more »

Cartesian tensor

In geometry and linear algebra, a Cartesian tensor uses an orthonormal basis to represent a tensor in a Euclidean space in the form of components.

New!!: General relativity and Cartesian tensor · See more »

Cassini–Huygens

The Cassini–Huygens mission, commonly called Cassini, was a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) to send a probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites.

New!!: General relativity and Cassini–Huygens · See more »

Cathleen Synge Morawetz

Cathleen Synge Morawetz (May 5, 1923 – August 8, 2017) was a Canadian mathematician who spent much of her career in the United States.

New!!: General relativity and Cathleen Synge Morawetz · See more »

Causal fermion system

The theory of causal fermion systems is an approach to describe fundamental physics.

New!!: General relativity and Causal fermion system · See more »

Causal loop

A causal loop in the context of time travel or the causal structure of spacetime, is a sequence of events (actions, information, objects, people) in which an event is among the causes of another event, which in turn is among the causes of the first-mentioned event.

New!!: General relativity and Causal loop · See more »

Causal sets

The causal sets program is an approach to quantum gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Causal sets · See more »

Causal structure

In mathematical physics, the causal structure of a Lorentzian manifold describes the causal relationships between points in the manifold.

New!!: General relativity and Causal structure · See more »

Causal system

In control theory, a causal system (also known as a physical or nonanticipative system) is a system where the output depends on past and current inputs but not future inputs—i.e., the output y(t_) depends on only the input x(t) for values of t \le t_.

New!!: General relativity and Causal system · See more »

Causality (physics)

Causality is the relationship between causes and effects.

New!!: General relativity and Causality (physics) · See more »

Causality conditions

In the study of Lorentzian manifold spacetimes there exists a hierarchy of causality conditions which are important in proving mathematical theorems about the global structure of such manifolds.

New!!: General relativity and Causality conditions · See more »

Cécile DeWitt-Morette

Cécile Andrée Paule DeWitt-Morette (21 December 1922 – 8 May 2017) was a French mathematician and physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Cécile DeWitt-Morette · See more »

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin

Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (May 10, 1900 – December 7, 1979) was a British–American astronomer and astrophysicist who, in 1925, proposed in her Ph.D. thesis an explanation for the composition of stars in terms of the relative abundances of hydrogen and helium.

New!!: General relativity and Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin · See more »

Celestial mechanics

Celestial mechanics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the motions of celestial objects.

New!!: General relativity and Celestial mechanics · See more »

Centrifugal force

In Newtonian mechanics, the centrifugal force is an inertial force (also called a "fictitious" or "pseudo" force) directed away from the axis of rotation that appears to act on all objects when viewed in a rotating frame of reference.

New!!: General relativity and Centrifugal force · See more »

CGh physics

cGh physics refers to the mainstream attempts in physics to unify relativity, gravitation and quantum mechanics, in particular following the ideas of Matvei Petrovich Bronstein and George Gamow.

New!!: General relativity and CGh physics · See more »

CGHS model

The Callan–Giddings–Harvey–Strominger model or CGHS model in short is a toy model of general relativity in 1 spatial and 1 time dimension.

New!!: General relativity and CGHS model · See more »

Charged black hole

A charged black hole is a black hole that possesses electric charge.

New!!: General relativity and Charged black hole · See more »

Charles Edward St. John

Charles Edward St.

New!!: General relativity and Charles Edward St. John · See more »

Charles W. Misner

Charles W. Misner (born June 13, 1932) is an American physicist and one of the authors of Gravitation.

New!!: General relativity and Charles W. Misner · See more »

Chirp mass

The chirp mass of a compact binary star system with component masses m_1 and m_2 is given by \mathcal.

New!!: General relativity and Chirp mass · See more »

Chris Gollon

Chris Gollon (1953 – 25 April 2017) was a British painter.

New!!: General relativity and Chris Gollon · See more »

Chris Hull

Christopher Michael Hull (born 1957) One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: is a professor of theoretical physics at Imperial College London.

New!!: General relativity and Chris Hull · See more »

Christoffel symbols

In mathematics and physics, the Christoffel symbols are an array of numbers describing a metric connection.

New!!: General relativity and Christoffel symbols · See more »

Christopher L. Eisgruber

Christopher Ludwig Eisgruber (born September 24, 1961) is the 20th and current President of Princeton University.

New!!: General relativity and Christopher L. Eisgruber · See more »

Christopher Nolan

Christopher Edward Nolan (born 30 July 1970) is an English film director, screenwriter, and producer who holds both British and American citizenship.

New!!: General relativity and Christopher Nolan · See more »

Chronology of the universe

The chronology of the universe describes the history and future of the universe according to Big Bang cosmology.

New!!: General relativity and Chronology of the universe · See more »

Chronology protection conjecture

The chronology protection conjecture is a conjecture first proposed by Stephen Hawking which hypothesizes that the laws of physics are such as to prevent time travel on all but submicroscopic scales.

New!!: General relativity and Chronology protection conjecture · See more »

Chronon

A chronon is a proposed quantum of time, that is, a discrete and indivisible "unit" of time as part of a hypothesis that proposes that time is not continuous.

New!!: General relativity and Chronon · See more »

Classical and Quantum Gravity

Classical and Quantum Gravity is a peer-reviewed journal that covers all aspects of gravitational physics and the theory of spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Classical and Quantum Gravity · See more »

Classical central-force problem

In classical mechanics, the central-force problem is to determine the motion of a particle under the influence of a single central force.

New!!: General relativity and Classical central-force problem · See more »

Classical field theory

A classical field theory is a physical theory that predicts how one or more physical fields interact with matter through field equations.

New!!: General relativity and Classical field theory · See more »

Classical limit

The classical limit or correspondence limit is the ability of a physical theory to approximate or "recover" classical mechanics when considered over special values of its parameters.

New!!: General relativity and Classical limit · See more »

Classical mechanics

Classical mechanics describes the motion of macroscopic objects, from projectiles to parts of machinery, and astronomical objects, such as spacecraft, planets, stars and galaxies.

New!!: General relativity and Classical mechanics · See more »

Classical Mechanics (Goldstein book)

Classical Mechanics is a textbook about the subject of that name written by Herbert Goldstein.

New!!: General relativity and Classical Mechanics (Goldstein book) · See more »

Classical physics

Classical physics refers to theories of physics that predate modern, more complete, or more widely applicable theories.

New!!: General relativity and Classical physics · See more »

Classical unified field theories

Since the 19th century, some physicists, notably Albert Einstein, have attempted to develop a single theoretical framework that can account for all the fundamental forces of nature – a unified field theory.

New!!: General relativity and Classical unified field theories · See more »

Claudio Pellegrini

Claudio Pellegrini (born in Rome on May 9, 1935) is an Italian physicist known for his pioneering work on X-ray free electron lasers and collective effects in relativistic particle beams.

New!!: General relativity and Claudio Pellegrini · See more »

Clifford Martin Will

Clifford Martin Will (born 1946) is a Canadian born mathematical physicist who is well known for his contributions to the theory of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Clifford Martin Will · See more »

Clock drift

Clock drift refers to several related phenomena where a clock does not run at exactly the same rate as a reference clock.

New!!: General relativity and Clock drift · See more »

Closed timelike curve

In mathematical physics, a closed timelike curve (CTC) is a world line in a Lorentzian manifold, of a material particle in spacetime that is "closed", returning to its starting point.

New!!: General relativity and Closed timelike curve · See more »

Colin P. Rourke

Colin Rourke (born 1 January 1943) is a British mathematician, who has published papers in PL topology, low-dimensional topology, differential topology, group theory, relativity and cosmology.

New!!: General relativity and Colin P. Rourke · See more »

Compact star

In astronomy, the term "compact star" (or "compact object") refers collectively to white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes.

New!!: General relativity and Compact star · See more »

Complex number

A complex number is a number that can be expressed in the form, where and are real numbers, and is a solution of the equation.

New!!: General relativity and Complex number · See more »

Complex spacetime

In mathematics and mathematical physics, complex spacetime extends the traditional notion of spacetime described by real-valued space and time coordinates to complex-valued space and time coordinates.

New!!: General relativity and Complex spacetime · See more »

Composite gravity

In theoretical physics, composite gravity refers to models that attempted to derive general relativity in a framework where the graviton is constructed as a composite bound state of more elementary particles, usually fermions.

New!!: General relativity and Composite gravity · See more »

Confirmation holism

In the epistemology of science, confirmation holism, also called epistemological holism, is the view that no individual statement can be confirmed or disconfirmed by an empirical test, but only a set of statements (a whole theory).

New!!: General relativity and Confirmation holism · See more »

Conformal cyclic cosmology

The conformal cyclic cosmology (CCC) is a cosmological model in the framework of general relativity, advanced by the theoretical physicists Roger Penrose and Vahe Gurzadyan.

New!!: General relativity and Conformal cyclic cosmology · See more »

Conformal gravity

Conformal gravity are gravity theories that are invariant under conformal transformations in the Riemannian geometry sense; more accurately, they are invariant under Weyl transformations g_\rightarrow\Omega^2(x)g_ where g_ is the metric tensor and \Omega(x) is a function on spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Conformal gravity · See more »

Conformal map

In mathematics, a conformal map is a function that preserves angles locally.

New!!: General relativity and Conformal map · See more »

Conformastatic spacetimes

Conformastatic spacetimes refer to a special class of static solutions to Einstein's equation in general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Conformastatic spacetimes · See more »

Congruence (general relativity)

In general relativity, a congruence (more properly, a congruence of curves) is the set of integral curves of a (nowhere vanishing) vector field in a four-dimensional Lorentzian manifold which is interpreted physically as a model of spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Congruence (general relativity) · See more »

Congruence (manifolds)

In the theory of smooth manifolds, a congruence is the set of integral curves defined by a nonvanishing vector field defined on the manifold.

New!!: General relativity and Congruence (manifolds) · See more »

Connection (vector bundle)

In mathematics, a connection on a fiber bundle is a device that defines a notion of parallel transport on the bundle; that is, a way to "connect" or identify fibers over nearby points.

New!!: General relativity and Connection (vector bundle) · See more »

Conservapedia

Conservapedia is an English-language wiki encyclopedia project written from an American conservative point of view.

New!!: General relativity and Conservapedia · See more »

Conservation of energy

In physics, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant, it is said to be ''conserved'' over time.

New!!: General relativity and Conservation of energy · See more »

Conservation of mass

The law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time, as system's mass cannot change, so quantity cannot be added nor removed.

New!!: General relativity and Conservation of mass · See more »

Conservative force

A conservative force is a force with the property that the total work done in moving a particle between two points is independent of the taken path.

New!!: General relativity and Conservative force · See more »

Consilience

In science and history, consilience (also convergence of evidence or concordance of evidence) refers to the principle that evidence from independent, unrelated sources can "converge" on strong conclusions.

New!!: General relativity and Consilience · See more »

Construction of a complex null tetrad

Calculations in the Newman–Penrose (NP) formalism of general relativity normally begin with the construction of a complex null tetrad \, where \ is a pair of real null vectors and \ is a pair of complex null vectors.

New!!: General relativity and Construction of a complex null tetrad · See more »

Container space

The container theory of space is a metaphysical theory according to which space is a background against which objects rest and move, with the implication that it can continue to exist in the absence of matter.

New!!: General relativity and Container space · See more »

Continuity equation

A continuity equation in physics is an equation that describes the transport of some quantity.

New!!: General relativity and Continuity equation · See more »

Contracted Bianchi identities

In general relativity and tensor calculus, the contracted Bianchi identities are: where _\mu is the Ricci tensor, R the scalar curvature, and \nabla_\rho indicates covariant differentiation.

New!!: General relativity and Contracted Bianchi identities · See more »

Cooperstock's energy-localization hypothesis

In physics, the Cooperstock's energy-localization hypothesis is a hypothesis proposed by Fred Cooperstock that in general relativity, energy only exists in regions of non-vanishing energy–momentum tensor.

New!!: General relativity and Cooperstock's energy-localization hypothesis · See more »

Coordinate conditions

In general relativity, the laws of physics can be expressed in a generally covariant form.

New!!: General relativity and Coordinate conditions · See more »

Coordinate time

In the theory of relativity, it is convenient to express results in terms of a spacetime coordinate system relative to an implied observer.

New!!: General relativity and Coordinate time · See more »

Corinne Manogue

Corinne A. Manogue (born March 3, 1955) is an American physicist who has worked in general relativity, mathematical physics, and physics education.

New!!: General relativity and Corinne Manogue · See more »

Coriolis field

In theoretical physics a Coriolis field is one of the apparent gravitational fields felt by a rotating or forcibly-accelerated body, together with the centrifugal field and the Euler field.

New!!: General relativity and Coriolis field · See more »

Correspondence principle

In physics, the correspondence principle states that the behavior of systems described by the theory of quantum mechanics (or by the old quantum theory) reproduces classical physics in the limit of large quantum numbers.

New!!: General relativity and Correspondence principle · See more »

Cosimo Bambi

Cosimo Bambi (born 1980, Florence, Italy) is an Italian relativist and cosmologist who is currently a professor of Physics at Fudan University in Shanghai, China.

New!!: General relativity and Cosimo Bambi · See more »

Cosmic catastrophe

The cosmic catastrophe is a thought experiment in which the sun were to instantaneously disappear.

New!!: General relativity and Cosmic catastrophe · See more »

Cosmic censorship hypothesis

The weak and the strong cosmic censorship hypotheses are two mathematical conjectures about the structure of singularities arising in general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Cosmic censorship hypothesis · See more »

Cosmic string

Cosmic strings are hypothetical 1-dimensional topological defects which may have formed during a symmetry breaking phase transition in the early universe when the topology of the vacuum manifold associated to this symmetry breaking was not simply connected.

New!!: General relativity and Cosmic string · See more »

Cosmic variance

The term cosmic variance is the statistical uncertainty inherent in observations of the universe at extreme distances.

New!!: General relativity and Cosmic variance · See more »

Cosmological constant

In cosmology, the cosmological constant (usually denoted by the Greek capital letter lambda: Λ) is the value of the energy density of the vacuum of space.

New!!: General relativity and Cosmological constant · See more »

Cosmological constant problem

In cosmology, the cosmological constant problem or vacuum catastrophe is the disagreement between the observed values of vacuum energy density (the small value of the cosmological constant) and theoretical large value of zero-point energy suggested by quantum field theory.

New!!: General relativity and Cosmological constant problem · See more »

Cosmological perturbation theory

In physical cosmology, cosmological perturbation theory is the theory by which the evolution of structure is understood in the big bang model.

New!!: General relativity and Cosmological perturbation theory · See more »

Cosmological principle

In modern physical cosmology, the cosmological principle is the notion that the spatial distribution of matter in the universe is homogeneous and isotropic when viewed on a large enough scale, since the forces are expected to act uniformly throughout the universe, and should, therefore, produce no observable irregularities in the large-scale structuring over the course of evolution of the matter field that was initially laid down by the Big Bang.

New!!: General relativity and Cosmological principle · See more »

Cosmology

Cosmology (from the Greek κόσμος, kosmos "world" and -λογία, -logia "study of") is the study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe.

New!!: General relativity and Cosmology · See more »

Cotton tensor

In differential geometry, the Cotton tensor on a (pseudo)-Riemannian manifold of dimension n is a third-order tensor concomitant of the metric, like the Weyl tensor.

New!!: General relativity and Cotton tensor · See more »

Counterintuitive

A counterintuitive proposition is one that does not seem likely to be true when assessed using intuition, common sense, or gut feelings.

New!!: General relativity and Counterintuitive · See more »

Course of Theoretical Physics

The Course of Theoretical Physics is a ten-volume series of books covering theoretical physics that was initiated by Lev Landau and written in collaboration with his student Evgeny Lifshitz starting in the late 1930s.

New!!: General relativity and Course of Theoretical Physics · See more »

Covariance group

In physics, a covariance group is a group of coordinate transformations between frames of reference (see for example Ryckman (2005)).

New!!: General relativity and Covariance group · See more »

Covariant derivative

In mathematics, the covariant derivative is a way of specifying a derivative along tangent vectors of a manifold.

New!!: General relativity and Covariant derivative · See more »

Coxeter–Dynkin diagram

In geometry, a Coxeter–Dynkin diagram (or Coxeter diagram, Coxeter graph) is a graph with numerically labeled edges (called branches) representing the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors (or reflecting hyperplanes).

New!!: General relativity and Coxeter–Dynkin diagram · See more »

Creation science

Creation science or scientific creationism is a branch of creationism that claims to provide scientific support for the Genesis creation narrative in the Book of Genesis and disprove or reexplain the scientific facts, theories and paradigms about geology, cosmology, biological evolution, archeology, history, and linguistics.

New!!: General relativity and Creation science · See more »

Cristopher Moore

Cristopher David Moore, known as Cris Moore, (born March 12, 1968 in New Brunswick, New Jersey), retrieved 2012-03-10.

New!!: General relativity and Cristopher Moore · See more »

Criticism of the theory of relativity

Criticism of the theory of relativity of Albert Einstein was mainly expressed in the early years after its publication in the early twentieth century, on scientific, pseudoscientific, philosophical, or ideological bases.

New!!: General relativity and Criticism of the theory of relativity · See more »

Curvature

In mathematics, curvature is any of a number of loosely related concepts in different areas of geometry.

New!!: General relativity and Curvature · See more »

Curvature invariant

In Riemannian geometry and pseudo-Riemannian geometry, curvature invariants are scalar quantities constructed from tensors that represent curvature.

New!!: General relativity and Curvature invariant · See more »

Curvature invariant (general relativity)

In general relativity, curvature invariants are a set of scalars formed from the Riemann, Weyl and Ricci tensors - which represent curvature, hence the name, - and possibly operations on them such as contraction, covariant differentiation and dualisation.

New!!: General relativity and Curvature invariant (general relativity) · See more »

Curve

In mathematics, a curve (also called a curved line in older texts) is, generally speaking, an object similar to a line but that need not be straight.

New!!: General relativity and Curve · See more »

Curved space

Curved space often refers to a spatial geometry which is not "flat" where a flat space is described by Euclidean geometry.

New!!: General relativity and Curved space · See more »

Curved space-time

No description.

New!!: General relativity and Curved space-time · See more »

Curvilinear coordinates

In geometry, curvilinear coordinates are a coordinate system for Euclidean space in which the coordinate lines may be curved.

New!!: General relativity and Curvilinear coordinates · See more »

Cycles of Time

Cycles of Time: An Extraordinary New View of the Universe is a science book by mathematical physicist Roger Penrose published by The Bodley Head in 2010.

New!!: General relativity and Cycles of Time · See more »

Cyclol

The cyclol hypothesis is the first structural model of a folded, globular protein.

New!!: General relativity and Cyclol · See more »

Cygnus X-1

Cygnus X-1 (abbreviated Cyg X-1) is a galactic X-ray source in the constellation Cygnus, and the first such source widely accepted to be a black hole.

New!!: General relativity and Cygnus X-1 · See more »

Daniel Friedan

Daniel Harry Friedan (born October 3, 1948) is an American theoretical physicist and one of three children of the feminist author and activist Betty Friedan.

New!!: General relativity and Daniel Friedan · See more »

Dante Tessieri

Dante Tessieri was an Argentine scientist born in the late nineteenth century.

New!!: General relativity and Dante Tessieri · See more »

Dark energy

In physical cosmology and astronomy, dark energy is an unknown form of energy which is hypothesized to permeate all of space, tending to accelerate the expansion of the universe.

New!!: General relativity and Dark energy · See more »

Dark fluid

In astronomy and cosmology, dark fluid is an alternative theory to both dark matter and dark energy and attempts to explain both phenomena in a single framework.

New!!: General relativity and Dark fluid · See more »

Dark matter

Dark matter is a theorized form of matter that is thought to account for approximately 80% of the matter in the universe, and about a quarter of its total energy density.

New!!: General relativity and Dark matter · See more »

Dark matter halo

A dark matter halo is a hypothetical component of a galaxy that envelops the galactic disc and extends well beyond the edge of the visible galaxy.

New!!: General relativity and Dark matter halo · See more »

Dark star (Newtonian mechanics)

A dark star is a theoretical object compatible with Newtonian mechanics that, due to its large mass, has a surface escape velocity that equals or exceeds the speed of light.

New!!: General relativity and Dark star (Newtonian mechanics) · See more »

Dark-energy star

A dark-energy star is a hypothetical compact astrophysical object, which a minority of physicists think might constitute an alternative explanation for observations of astronomical black hole candidates.

New!!: General relativity and Dark-energy star · See more »

David E. Rowe

David E. Rowe (born August 11, 1950) is an American mathematician and historian.

New!!: General relativity and David E. Rowe · See more »

David Hestenes

David Orlin Hestenes, Ph.D. (born May 21, 1933) is a theoretical physicist and science educator.

New!!: General relativity and David Hestenes · See more »

David Hilbert

David Hilbert (23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician.

New!!: General relativity and David Hilbert · See more »

David Malament

David B. Malament (born 1947) is an American philosopher of science, specializing in the philosophy of physics.

New!!: General relativity and David Malament · See more »

Daya Shankar Kulshreshtha

Daya Shankar Kulshreshtha (born December, 1951) is an Indian theoretical physicist, specializing in formal aspects of quantum field theory, string theory and gravity theory.

New!!: General relativity and Daya Shankar Kulshreshtha · See more »

Désiré-Joseph Mercier

Désiré-Félicien-François-Joseph Mercier (21 November 1851 – 23 January 1926) was a Belgian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and a noted scholar.

New!!: General relativity and Désiré-Joseph Mercier · See more »

De Sitter invariant special relativity

In mathematical physics, de Sitter invariant special relativity is the speculative idea that the fundamental symmetry group of spacetime is the indefinite orthogonal group SO(4,1), that of de Sitter space.

New!!: General relativity and De Sitter invariant special relativity · See more »

De Sitter space

In mathematics and physics, a de Sitter space is the analog in Minkowski space, or spacetime, of a sphere in ordinary Euclidean space.

New!!: General relativity and De Sitter space · See more »

De Sitter universe

A de Sitter universe is a cosmological solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity, named after Willem de Sitter.

New!!: General relativity and De Sitter universe · See more »

De Sitter–Schwarzschild metric

In general relativity, the de Sitter–Schwarzschild solution describes a black hole in a causal patch of de Sitter space.

New!!: General relativity and De Sitter–Schwarzschild metric · See more »

Deductive-nomological model

The deductive-nomological model (DN model), also known as Hempel's model, the Hempel–Oppenheim model, the Popper–Hempel model, or the covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, "Why...?".

New!!: General relativity and Deductive-nomological model · See more »

Deep time

Deep time is the concept of geologic time.

New!!: General relativity and Deep time · See more »

Defining equation (physics)

In physics, defining equations are equations that define new quantities in terms of base quantities.

New!!: General relativity and Defining equation (physics) · See more »

Degenerate matter

Degenerate matter is a highly dense state of matter in which particles must occupy high states of kinetic energy in order to satisfy the Pauli exclusion principle.

New!!: General relativity and Degenerate matter · See more »

Demetrios Christodoulou

Demetrios Christodoulou (Δημήτριος Χριστοδούλου; born October 19, 1951) is a Greek mathematician and physicist, who first became well known for his proof, together with Sergiu Klainerman, of the nonlinear stability of the Minkowski spacetime of special relativity in the framework of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Demetrios Christodoulou · See more »

Democratic principle

In the context of General Relativity, the democratic principle allows quick, order-of-magnitude calculations for the strength of gravitomagnetic effects such as frame-dragging.

New!!: General relativity and Democratic principle · See more »

Dennis W. Sciama

Dennis William Siahou Sciama, (18 November 1926 – 18/19 December 1999) was a British physicist who, through his own work and that of his students, played a major role in developing British physics after the Second World War.

New!!: General relativity and Dennis W. Sciama · See more »

Derivations of the Lorentz transformations

There are many ways to derive the Lorentz transformations utilizing a variety of physical principles, ranging from Maxwell's equations to Einstein's postulates of special relativity, and mathematical tools, spanning from elementary algebra and hyperbolic functions, to linear algebra and group theory.

New!!: General relativity and Derivations of the Lorentz transformations · See more »

Detailed logarithmic timeline

This timeline shows the whole history of the universe, the Earth, and mankind in one table.

New!!: General relativity and Detailed logarithmic timeline · See more »

Determinism

Determinism is the philosophical theory that all events, including moral choices, are completely determined by previously existing causes.

New!!: General relativity and Determinism · See more »

Deterministic system (philosophy)

A deterministic system is a conceptual model of the philosophical doctrine of determinism applied to a system for understanding everything that has and will occur in the system, based on the physical outcomes of causality.

New!!: General relativity and Deterministic system (philosophy) · See more »

DI Herculis

DI Herculis is an Algol-type eclipsing binary star in the constellation of Hercules.

New!!: General relativity and DI Herculis · See more »

Diffeomorphism constraint

In theoretical physics, it is often important to study theories with the diffeomorphism symmetry such as general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Diffeomorphism constraint · See more »

Differentiable manifold

In mathematics, a differentiable manifold (also differential manifold) is a type of manifold that is locally similar enough to a linear space to allow one to do calculus.

New!!: General relativity and Differentiable manifold · See more »

Differential equation

A differential equation is a mathematical equation that relates some function with its derivatives.

New!!: General relativity and Differential equation · See more »

Differential geometry

Differential geometry is a mathematical discipline that uses the techniques of differential calculus, integral calculus, linear algebra and multilinear algebra to study problems in geometry.

New!!: General relativity and Differential geometry · See more »

Diffusion damping

In modern cosmological theory, diffusion damping, also called photon diffusion damping, is a physical process which reduced density inequalities (anisotropies) in the early universe, making the universe itself and the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) more uniform.

New!!: General relativity and Diffusion damping · See more »

Digital philosophy

Digital philosophy is a direction in philosophy and cosmology advocated by certain mathematicians and theoretical physicists, including: Edward Fredkin, Konrad Zuse, Stephen Wolfram, Rudy Rucker, Gregory Chaitin, and Seth Lloyd.

New!!: General relativity and Digital philosophy · See more »

Dill Faulkes

Martin C. "Dill" Faulkes (born 1944) is a British businessman and philanthropist.

New!!: General relativity and Dill Faulkes · See more »

Dimension

In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it.

New!!: General relativity and Dimension · See more »

Dirac large numbers hypothesis

The Dirac large numbers hypothesis (LNH) is an observation made by Paul Dirac in 1937 relating ratios of size scales in the Universe to that of force scales.

New!!: General relativity and Dirac large numbers hypothesis · See more »

Dirac matter

The term Dirac matter refers to a class of condensed matter systems which can be effectively described by the Dirac equation.

New!!: General relativity and Dirac matter · See more »

Directed algebraic topology

In mathematics, directed algebraic topology is a refinement of algebraic topology for directed spaces, topological spaces and their combinatorial counterparts equipped with some notion of direction.

New!!: General relativity and Directed algebraic topology · See more »

Directional derivative

In mathematics, the directional derivative of a multivariate differentiable function along a given vector v at a given point x intuitively represents the instantaneous rate of change of the function, moving through x with a velocity specified by v. It therefore generalizes the notion of a partial derivative, in which the rate of change is taken along one of the curvilinear coordinate curves, all other coordinates being constant.

New!!: General relativity and Directional derivative · See more »

Distance measures (cosmology)

Distance measures are used in physical cosmology to give a natural notion of the distance between two objects or events in the universe.

New!!: General relativity and Distance measures (cosmology) · See more »

Divergence theorem

In vector calculus, the divergence theorem, also known as Gauss's theorem or Ostrogradsky's theorem, reprinted in is a result that relates the flow (that is, flux) of a vector field through a surface to the behavior of the vector field inside the surface.

New!!: General relativity and Divergence theorem · See more »

Dmitri Ivanenko

Dmitri Dmitrievich Ivanenko (Дми́трий Дми́триевич Иване́нко; July 29, 1904 – December 30, 1994) was a Soviet-Ukrainian theoretical physicist who made great contributions to the physical science of the twentieth century, especially to nuclear physics, field theory, and gravitation theory.

New!!: General relativity and Dmitri Ivanenko · See more »

Doctorate

A doctorate (from Latin docere, "to teach") or doctor's degree (from Latin doctor, "teacher") or doctoral degree (from the ancient formalism licentia docendi) is an academic degree awarded by universities that is, in most countries, a research degree that qualifies the holder to teach at the university level in the degree's field, or to work in a specific profession.

New!!: General relativity and Doctorate · See more »

Doppler effect

The Doppler effect (or the Doppler shift) is the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to observer who is moving relative to the wave source.

New!!: General relativity and Doppler effect · See more »

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

The Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS) (Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath) was established in 1940 by the then Taoiseach, Éamon de Valera under the Institute for Advanced Studies Act, 1940 in Dublin, Ireland.

New!!: General relativity and Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies · See more »

Durmus A. Demir

Durmuş Ali Demir (born March 10, 1967) is a Turkish theoretical physicist and a dean of the Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences at the Izmir Institute of Technology where he is the ex-chair of the Physics Department.

New!!: General relativity and Durmus A. Demir · See more »

Dust solution

In general relativity, a dust solution is a fluid solution, a type of exact solution of the Einstein field equation, in which the gravitational field is produced entirely by the mass, momentum, and stress density of a perfect fluid that has positive mass density but vanishing pressure.

New!!: General relativity and Dust solution · See more »

Eötvös experiment

The Eötvös experiment was a famous physics experiment that measured the correlation between inertial mass and gravitational mass, demonstrating that the two were one and the same, something that had long been suspected but never demonstrated with the same accuracy.

New!!: General relativity and Eötvös experiment · See more »

Eddington (spacecraft)

The Eddington mission was a European Space Agency (ESA) project that planned to search for Earth-like planets, but was cancelled in 2003.

New!!: General relativity and Eddington (spacecraft) · See more »

Eddington–Finkelstein coordinates

In general relativity, Eddington–Finkelstein coordinates are a pair of coordinate systems for a Schwarzschild geometry (i.e. a spherically symmetric black hole) which are adapted to radial null geodesics.

New!!: General relativity and Eddington–Finkelstein coordinates · See more »

Edward Arthur Milne

Edward Arthur Milne FRS (14 February 1896 – 21 September 1950) was a British astrophysicist and mathematician.

New!!: General relativity and Edward Arthur Milne · See more »

Edward Farhi

Edward Henry Farhi is the Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

New!!: General relativity and Edward Farhi · See more »

Edward FitzGerald (poet)

Edward FitzGerald (31 March 1809 – 14 June 1883) was an English poet and writer, best known as the poet of the first and most famous English translation of The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam.

New!!: General relativity and Edward FitzGerald (poet) · See more »

Edward Fomalont

Edward Fomalont (born May 14, 1940) is an American scientist working at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory.

New!!: General relativity and Edward Fomalont · See more »

Edward Tryon

Edward P. Tryon (born September 4, 1940) is an American scientist and a professor emeritus of physics at Hunter College of the City University of New York.

New!!: General relativity and Edward Tryon · See more »

Edward Witten

Edward Witten (born August 26, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist and professor of mathematical physics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.

New!!: General relativity and Edward Witten · See more »

Edwin F. Taylor

Edwin F. Taylor is an American physicist known for his contributions to the teaching of physics.

New!!: General relativity and Edwin F. Taylor · See more »

Edwin Hubble

Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer.

New!!: General relativity and Edwin Hubble · See more »

Effective field theory

In physics, an effective field theory is a type of approximation, or effective theory, for an underlying physical theory, such as a quantum field theory or a statistical mechanics model.

New!!: General relativity and Effective field theory · See more »

Effective potential

The effective potential (also known as effective potential energy) combines multiple, perhaps opposing, effects into a single potential.

New!!: General relativity and Effective potential · See more »

Ehrenfest paradox

The Ehrenfest paradox concerns the rotation of a "rigid" disc in the theory of relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Ehrenfest paradox · See more »

Einstein aether theory

Einstein æther theory, also called æ-theory, is a generally covariant modification of general relativity which describes a spacetime endowed with both a metric and a unit timelike vector field named the æther.

New!!: General relativity and Einstein aether theory · See more »

Einstein and Eddington

Einstein and Eddington is a British single drama produced by Company Pictures and the BBC, in association with HBO.

New!!: General relativity and Einstein and Eddington · See more »

Einstein field equations

The Einstein field equations (EFE; also known as Einstein's equations) comprise the set of 10 equations in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity that describe the fundamental interaction of gravitation as a result of spacetime being curved by mass and energy.

New!!: General relativity and Einstein field equations · See more »

Einstein manifold

In differential geometry and mathematical physics, an Einstein manifold is a Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian differentiable manifold whose Ricci tensor is proportional to the metric.

New!!: General relativity and Einstein manifold · See more »

Einstein notation

In mathematics, especially in applications of linear algebra to physics, the Einstein notation or Einstein summation convention is a notational convention that implies summation over a set of indexed terms in a formula, thus achieving notational brevity.

New!!: General relativity and Einstein notation · See more »

Einstein Prize (APS)

Since 2003, the Einstein Prize is a biennial prize awarded by the American Physical Society.

New!!: General relativity and Einstein Prize (APS) · See more »

Einstein ring

In observational astronomy an Einstein ring, also known as an Einstein–Chwolson ring or Chwolson ring, is the deformation of the light from a source (such as a galaxy or star) into a ring through gravitational lensing of the source's light by an object with an extremely large mass (such as another galaxy or a black hole).

New!!: General relativity and Einstein ring · See more »

Einstein Telescope

Einstein Telescope (ET) or Einstein Observatory, is a proposed third-generation ground-based gravitational wave detector, currently under study by some institutions in the European Union.

New!!: General relativity and Einstein Telescope · See more »

Einstein tensor

In differential geometry, the Einstein tensor (named after Albert Einstein; also known as the trace-reversed Ricci tensor) is used to express the curvature of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold.

New!!: General relativity and Einstein tensor · See more »

Einstein's awards and honors

During the year of 1922, Albert Einstein was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics, "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".

New!!: General relativity and Einstein's awards and honors · See more »

Einstein's static universe

Einstein's static universe, also known the Einstein universe or the Einstein world, is a relativistic model of the universe proposed by Albert Einstein in 1917.

New!!: General relativity and Einstein's static universe · See more »

Einstein's thought experiments

A hallmark of Albert Einstein's career was his use of visualized thought experiments (Gedankenexperiment) as a fundamental tool for understanding physical issues and for elucidating his concepts to others.

New!!: General relativity and Einstein's thought experiments · See more »

Einstein–Cartan theory

In theoretical physics, the Einstein–Cartan theory, also known as the Einstein–Cartan–Sciama–Kibble theory, is a classical theory of gravitation similar to general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Einstein–Cartan theory · See more »

Einstein–Cartan–Evans theory

Einstein–Cartan–Evans theory or ECE theory was an attempted unified theory of physics proposed by the Welsh chemist and physicist: "ECE Theory was discovered by chemist, physicist, and mathematician, Myron Wyn Evans...". Myron Wyn Evans (born May 26, 1950), which claimed to unify general relativity, quantum mechanics and electromagnetism.

New!!: General relativity and Einstein–Cartan–Evans theory · See more »

Einstein–de Sitter universe

The Einstein–de Sitter universe is a model of the universe proposed by Albert Einstein and Willem de Sitter in 1932.

New!!: General relativity and Einstein–de Sitter universe · See more »

Einstein–Hilbert action

The Einstein–Hilbert action (also referred to as Hilbert action) in general relativity is the action that yields the Einstein field equations through the principle of least action.

New!!: General relativity and Einstein–Hilbert action · See more »

Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations

The Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations of motion, jointly derived by Albert Einstein, Leopold Infeld and Banesh Hoffmann, are the differential equations of motion describing the approximate dynamics of a system of point-like masses due to their mutual gravitational interactions, including general relativistic effects.

New!!: General relativity and Einstein–Infeld–Hoffmann equations · See more »

Electrogravitic tensor

In general relativity, the gravitoelectric tensor or tidal tensor is one of the pieces in the Bel decomposition of the Riemann tensor.

New!!: General relativity and Electrogravitic tensor · See more »

Electromagnetic four-potential

An electromagnetic four-potential is a relativistic vector function from which the electromagnetic field can be derived.

New!!: General relativity and Electromagnetic four-potential · See more »

Electromagnetic mass

Electromagnetic mass was initially a concept of classical mechanics, denoting as to how much the electromagnetic field, or the self-energy, is contributing to the mass of charged particles.

New!!: General relativity and Electromagnetic mass · See more »

Electromagnetic stress–energy tensor

In relativistic physics, the electromagnetic stress–energy tensor is the contribution to the stress–energy tensor due to the electromagnetic field.

New!!: General relativity and Electromagnetic stress–energy tensor · See more »

Electromagnetic wave equation

The electromagnetic wave equation is a second-order partial differential equation that describes the propagation of electromagnetic waves through a medium or in a vacuum.

New!!: General relativity and Electromagnetic wave equation · See more »

Electrovacuum solution

In general relativity, an electrovacuum solution (electrovacuum) is an exact solution of the Einstein field equation in which the only nongravitational mass-energy present is the field energy of an electromagnetic field, which must satisfy the (curved-spacetime) source-free Maxwell equations appropriate to the given geometry.

New!!: General relativity and Electrovacuum solution · See more »

Elementary particle

In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle with no substructure, thus not composed of other particles.

New!!: General relativity and Elementary particle · See more »

Elena V. Pitjeva

Elena Vladimirovna Pitjeva is a Russian astronomer working at the Institute of Applied Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.

New!!: General relativity and Elena V. Pitjeva · See more »

Elwin Bruno Christoffel

Elwin Bruno Christoffel (November 10, 1829 – March 15, 1900) was a German mathematician and physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Elwin Bruno Christoffel · See more »

Emilio Elizalde

Emilio Elizalde (born March 8, 1950) is a Spanish physicist working in the fields of gravitational physics and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Emilio Elizalde · See more »

Emilio Santos Corchero

Emilio Santos Corchero, born 7 October 1935 (San Vicente de Alcantara, Extremadura, Spain), is a theoretical physicist, professor at the Universities of Costa Rica (1964–68), Valladolid (1968-76) and Cantabria (Spain) (1976-). In the year 1998 he received the Medal of the Spanish Society of Physics.

New!!: General relativity and Emilio Santos Corchero · See more »

Emmy Noether

Amalie Emmy NoetherEmmy is the Rufname, the second of two official given names, intended for daily use.

New!!: General relativity and Emmy Noether · See more »

Energy condition

In relativistic classical field theories of gravitation, particularly general relativity, an energy condition is one of various alternative conditions which can be applied to the matter content of the theory, when it is either not possible or desirable to specify this content explicitly.

New!!: General relativity and Energy condition · See more »

Energy density

Energy density is the amount of energy stored in a given system or region of space per unit volume.

New!!: General relativity and Energy density · See more »

Energy–momentum relation

In physics, the energy–momentum relation, or relativistic dispersion relation, is the relativistic equation relating any object's rest (intrinsic) mass, total energy, and momentum: holds for a system, such as a particle or macroscopic body, having intrinsic rest mass, total energy, and a momentum of magnitude, where the constant is the speed of light, assuming the special relativity case of flat spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Energy–momentum relation · See more »

Engelbert Schücking

Engelbert Levin Schücking (May 23, 1926 – January 5, 2015), in English-language works often cited as E. L. Schucking, was a physics professor at New York University in New York City.

New!!: General relativity and Engelbert Schücking · See more »

Enrico Fermi

Enrico Fermi (29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian-American physicist and the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1.

New!!: General relativity and Enrico Fermi · See more »

Enrico Fermi Institute

The Institute for Nuclear Studies was founded September 1945 as part of the University of Chicago with Samuel King Allison as director.

New!!: General relativity and Enrico Fermi Institute · See more »

Entropic gravity

Entropic gravity, also known as emergent gravity, is a theory in modern physics that describes gravity as an entropic force—a force with macro-scale homogeneity but which is subject to quantum-level disorder—and not a fundamental interaction.

New!!: General relativity and Entropic gravity · See more »

EP quantum mechanics

In physics, EP quantum mechanics is a theory of motion of point particles, partly included in the framework of quantum trajectory representation theories of quantum mechanics, based upon an equivalence postulate similar in content to the equivalence principle of general relativity, rather than on the traditional Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics.

New!!: General relativity and EP quantum mechanics · See more »

Equations of motion

In physics, equations of motion are equations that describe the behavior of a physical system in terms of its motion as a function of time.

New!!: General relativity and Equations of motion · See more »

Equatorial bulge

An equatorial bulge is a difference between the equatorial and polar diameters of a planet, due to the force exerted by its rotation.

New!!: General relativity and Equatorial bulge · See more »

Equivalence principle

In the theory of general relativity, the equivalence principle is any of several related concepts dealing with the equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass, and to Albert Einstein's observation that the gravitational "force" as experienced locally while standing on a massive body (such as the Earth) is the same as the pseudo-force experienced by an observer in a non-inertial (accelerated) frame of reference.

New!!: General relativity and Equivalence principle · See more »

Equivalence principle (geometric)

The equivalence principle is one of the corner-stones of gravitation theory.

New!!: General relativity and Equivalence principle (geometric) · See more »

ER=EPR

ER.

New!!: General relativity and ER=EPR · See more »

Eran Ben-Shahar

Eran Ben-Shahar (born 11 March 1969) is an Israeli author, philosopher, journalist and inventor.

New!!: General relativity and Eran Ben-Shahar · See more »

Erich Kretschmann

Erich Justus Kretschmann (14 July 1887 – 1973) was a German physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Erich Kretschmann · See more »

Erik Verlinde

Erik Peter Verlinde (born 21 January 1962) is a Dutch theoretical physicist and string theorist.

New!!: General relativity and Erik Verlinde · See more »

Ernst equation

In mathematics, the Ernst equation is a non-linear partial differential equation, named after the American physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Ernst equation · See more »

Ernst Mach

Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach (18 February 1838 – 19 February 1916) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher, noted for his contributions to physics such as study of shock waves.

New!!: General relativity and Ernst Mach · See more »

Ernst Schmutzer

Ernst Schmutzer (born 26 February 1930) is a German theoretical physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Ernst Schmutzer · See more »

Errol Harris

Errol Eustace Harris (19 February 1908 – 21 June 2009), sometimes cited as E. E. Harris, was a contemporary South African philosopher.

New!!: General relativity and Errol Harris · See more »

Error analysis for the Global Positioning System

The analysis of errors computed using the Global Positioning System is important for understanding how GPS works, and for knowing what magnitude of errors should be expected.

New!!: General relativity and Error analysis for the Global Positioning System · See more »

Erwin Finlay-Freundlich

Erwin Finlay-Freundlich FRSE FRAS (29 May 1885 – 24 July 1964) was a German astronomer, a pupil of Felix Klein.

New!!: General relativity and Erwin Finlay-Freundlich · See more »

Erwin Schrödinger

Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger (12 August 1887 – 4 January 1961), sometimes written as or, was a Nobel Prize-winning Austrian physicist who developed a number of fundamental results in the field of quantum theory, which formed the basis of wave mechanics: he formulated the wave equation (stationary and time-dependent Schrödinger equation) and revealed the identity of his development of the formalism and matrix mechanics.

New!!: General relativity and Erwin Schrödinger · See more »

Esher Church of England High School

Esher Church of England High School is a coeducational Church of England secondary school with academy status located in Esher, Surrey, England.

New!!: General relativity and Esher Church of England High School · See more »

ESO 146-5

ESO 146-5 (ESO 146-IG 005) is the designation given to a group of interacting giant elliptical galaxies in the center of the Abell 3827 cluster.

New!!: General relativity and ESO 146-5 · See more »

Euclid (spacecraft)

Euclid is a visible to near-infrared space telescope currently under development by the European Space Agency (ESA) and Euclid Consortium.

New!!: General relativity and Euclid (spacecraft) · See more »

Euclidean geometry

Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to Alexandrian Greek mathematician Euclid, which he described in his textbook on geometry: the Elements.

New!!: General relativity and Euclidean geometry · See more »

Euclidean quantum gravity

In theoretical physics, Euclidean quantum gravity is a version of quantum gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Euclidean quantum gravity · See more »

Euclidean space

In geometry, Euclidean space encompasses the two-dimensional Euclidean plane, the three-dimensional space of Euclidean geometry, and certain other spaces.

New!!: General relativity and Euclidean space · See more »

Euler's three-body problem

In physics and astronomy, Euler's three-body problem is to solve for the motion of a particle that is acted upon by the gravitational field of two other point masses that are fixed in space.

New!!: General relativity and Euler's three-body problem · See more »

Event horizon

In general relativity, an event horizon is a region in spacetime beyond which events cannot affect an outside observer.

New!!: General relativity and Event horizon · See more »

Event Horizon Telescope

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a project to create a large telescope array consisting of a global network of radio telescopes and combining data from several very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) stations around the Earth.

New!!: General relativity and Event Horizon Telescope · See more »

Event symmetry

In physics, event symmetry includes invariance principles that have been used in some discrete approaches to quantum gravity where the diffeomorphism invariance of general relativity can be extended to a covariance under every permutation of spacetime events.

New!!: General relativity and Event symmetry · See more »

Everything

Everything (or every thing), is all that exists; the opposite of nothing, or its complement.

New!!: General relativity and Everything · See more »

Evgeny Lifshitz

Evgeny Mikhailovich Lifshitz (Евге́ний Миха́йлович Ли́фшиц; February 21, 1915, Kharkov, Russian Empire – October 29, 1985, Moscow, Russian SFSR) was a leading Soviet physicist and the brother of physicist Ilya Mikhailovich Lifshitz.

New!!: General relativity and Evgeny Lifshitz · See more »

Evolutionary epistemology

Evolutionary epistemology refers to three distinct topics: (1) the biological evolution of cognitive mechanisms in animals and humans, (2) a theory that knowledge itself evolves by natural selection, and (3) the study of the historical discovery of new abstract entities such as abstract number or abstract value that necessarily precede the individual acquisition and usage of such abstractions.

New!!: General relativity and Evolutionary epistemology · See more »

Ewan Kirk

Ewan Kirk (born 25 February 1961) is the CEO and co-founder of Cantab Capital Partners, a systematic hedge fund based in Cambridge, England.

New!!: General relativity and Ewan Kirk · See more »

Exact solutions in general relativity

In general relativity, an exact solution is a Lorentzian manifold equipped with tensor fields modeling states of ordinary matter, such as a fluid, or classical nongravitational fields such as the electromagnetic field.

New!!: General relativity and Exact solutions in general relativity · See more »

Exoplanetology

Exoplanetology, or exoplanetary science, is an integrated field of astronomical science dedicated to the search and study of exoplanets (extrasolar planets).

New!!: General relativity and Exoplanetology · See more »

Expanding Earth

The expanding Earth or growing Earth hypothesis asserts that the position and relative movement of continents is at least partially due to the volume of Earth increasing.

New!!: General relativity and Expanding Earth · See more »

Expansion of the universe

The expansion of the universe is the increase of the distance between two distant parts of the universe with time.

New!!: General relativity and Expansion of the universe · See more »

Experimentum crucis

In the sciences, an experimentum crucis (English: crucial experiment or critical experiment) is an experiment capable of decisively determining whether or not a particular hypothesis or theory is superior to all other hypotheses or theories whose acceptance is currently widespread in the scientific community.

New!!: General relativity and Experimentum crucis · See more »

Exploration of Mercury

The exploration of Mercury has played only a minor role in the space interests of the world.

New!!: General relativity and Exploration of Mercury · See more »

Extended theories of gravity

Extended theories of gravity are alternative theories of gravity developed from the exact starting points investigated first by Einstein and Hilbert.

New!!: General relativity and Extended theories of gravity · See more »

Extreme mass ratio inspiral

In astrophysics, an extreme mass ratio inspiral (EMRI) is the orbit of a relatively light object around a much heavier (by a factor 10,000 or more) object, that gradually decays due the emission of gravitational waves.

New!!: General relativity and Extreme mass ratio inspiral · See more »

Ezra T. Newman

Ezra Theodore Newman (born October 17, 1929) is an American physicist, known for his many contributions to general relativity theory.

New!!: General relativity and Ezra T. Newman · See more »

F(R) gravity

f(R) gravity is a type of modified gravity theory which generalizes Einstein's general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and F(R) gravity · See more »

Fang Lizhi

Fang Lizhi (February 12, 1936 – April 6, 2012) was a Chinese astrophysicist, vice-president of the University of Science and Technology of China, and activist whose liberal ideas inspired the pro-democracy student movement of 1986–87 and, finally, the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

New!!: General relativity and Fang Lizhi · See more »

Faster-than-light

Faster-than-light (also superluminal or FTL) communication and travel are the conjectural propagation of information or matter faster than the speed of light.

New!!: General relativity and Faster-than-light · See more »

Felix Finster

Felix Finster (born 6 August 1967, in Mannheim) is a German mathematician working on problems in mathematical physics, geometry and analysis.

New!!: General relativity and Felix Finster · See more »

Felix Pirani

Felix Arnold Edward Pirani (2 February 1928 – 31 December 2015) was a British theoretical physicist specialising in gravitational physics and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Felix Pirani · See more »

Fermat’s and energy variation principles in field theory

In general relativity the light is assumed to propagate in the vacuum along null geodesic in a pseudo-Riemannian manifold.

New!!: General relativity and Fermat’s and energy variation principles in field theory · See more »

Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope

The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST), formerly called the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), is a space observatory being used to perform gamma-ray astronomy observations from low Earth orbit.

New!!: General relativity and Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope · See more »

Fermi–Walker transport

Fermi–Walker transport is a process in general relativity used to define a coordinate system or reference frame such that all curvature in the frame is due to the presence of mass/energy density and not to arbitrary spin or rotation of the frame.

New!!: General relativity and Fermi–Walker transport · See more »

Fictitious force

A fictitious force (also called a pseudo force, d'Alembert force, or inertial force) is an apparent force that acts on all masses whose motion is described using a non-inertial frame of reference, such as a rotating reference frame.

New!!: General relativity and Fictitious force · See more »

Field (physics)

In physics, a field is a physical quantity, represented by a number or tensor, that has a value for each point in space and time.

New!!: General relativity and Field (physics) · See more »

Field equation

In theoretical physics and applied mathematics, a field equation is a partial differential equation which determines the dynamics of a physical field, specifically the time evolution and spatial distribution of the field.

New!!: General relativity and Field equation · See more »

Field propulsion

Field propulsion is the concept of spacecraft propulsion where no propellant is necessary but instead momentum of the spacecraft is changed by an interaction of the spacecraft with external force fields, such as gravitational and magnetic fields from stars and planets.

New!!: General relativity and Field propulsion · See more »

Fifth force

In physics, the fifth force is a proposed fundamental force, additional to the four known fundamental forces of nature.

New!!: General relativity and Fifth force · See more »

Fine-tuned Universe

The fine-tuned Universe is the proposition that the conditions that allow life in the Universe can occur only when certain universal dimensionless physical constants lie within a very narrow range of values, so that if any of several fundamental constants were only slightly different, the Universe would be unlikely to be conducive to the establishment and development of matter, astronomical structures, elemental diversity, or life as it is understood.

New!!: General relativity and Fine-tuned Universe · See more »

First class constraint

A first class constraint is a dynamical quantity in a constrained Hamiltonian system whose Poisson bracket with all the other constraints vanishes on the constraint surface in phase space (the surface implicitly defined by the simultaneous vanishing of all the constraints).

New!!: General relativity and First class constraint · See more »

First observation of gravitational waves

The first observation of gravitational waves was made on 14 September 2015 and was announced by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations on 11 February 2016.

New!!: General relativity and First observation of gravitational waves · See more »

Five-dimensional space

A five-dimensional space is a space with five dimensions.

New!!: General relativity and Five-dimensional space · See more »

Flatland

Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions is a satirical novella by the English schoolmaster Edwin Abbott Abbott, first published in 1884 by Seeley & Co.

New!!: General relativity and Flatland · See more »

Flatness problem

The flatness problem (also known as the oldness problem) is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe.

New!!: General relativity and Flatness problem · See more »

Fluid dynamics

In physics and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids - liquids and gases.

New!!: General relativity and Fluid dynamics · See more »

Fluid solution

In general relativity, a fluid solution is an exact solution of the Einstein field equation in which the gravitational field is produced entirely by the mass, momentum, and stress density of a fluid.

New!!: General relativity and Fluid solution · See more »

Flyby anomaly

The flyby anomaly is a discrepancy between current scientific models and the actual increase in speed (i.e. increase in kinetic energy) observed during a planetary flyby by a spacecraft.

New!!: General relativity and Flyby anomaly · See more »

Force

In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.

New!!: General relativity and Force · See more »

Formal science

Formal sciences are formal language disciplines concerned with formal systems, such as logic, mathematics, statistics, theoretical computer science, robotics, information theory, game theory, systems theory, decision theory, and theoretical linguistics.

New!!: General relativity and Formal science · See more »

Foundations of Physics

Foundations of Physics is a monthly journal "devoted to the conceptual bases and fundamental theories of modern physics and cosmology, emphasizing the logical, methodological, and philosophical premises of modern physical theories and procedures".

New!!: General relativity and Foundations of Physics · See more »

Four-acceleration

In the theory of relativity, four-acceleration is a four-vector (vector in four-dimensional spacetime) that is analogous to classical acceleration (a three-dimensional vector, see three-acceleration in special relativity).

New!!: General relativity and Four-acceleration · See more »

Four-current

In special and general relativity, the four-current (technically the four-current density) is the four-dimensional analogue of the electric current density.

New!!: General relativity and Four-current · See more »

Four-dimensional space

A four-dimensional space or 4D space is a mathematical extension of the concept of three-dimensional or 3D space.

New!!: General relativity and Four-dimensional space · See more »

Four-force

In the special theory of relativity, four-force is a four-vector that replaces the classical force.

New!!: General relativity and Four-force · See more »

Four-gradient

In differential geometry, the four-gradient (or 4-gradient) \mathbf is the four-vector analogue of the gradient \vec from Gibbs–Heaviside vector calculus.

New!!: General relativity and Four-gradient · See more »

Four-tensor

In physics, specifically for special relativity and general relativity, a four-tensor is an abbreviation for a tensor in a four-dimensional spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Four-tensor · See more »

Four-vector

In special relativity, a four-vector (also known as a 4-vector) is an object with four components, which transform in a specific way under Lorentz transformation.

New!!: General relativity and Four-vector · See more »

Four-velocity

In physics, in particular in special relativity and general relativity, a four-velocity is a four-vector in four-dimensional spacetimeTechnically, the four-vector should be thought of as residing in the tangent space of a point in spacetime, spacetime itself being modeled as a smooth manifold.

New!!: General relativity and Four-velocity · See more »

Fractal cosmology

In physical cosmology, fractal cosmology is a set of minority cosmological theories which state that the distribution of matter in the Universe, or the structure of the universe itself, is a fractal across a wide range of scales (see also: multifractal system).

New!!: General relativity and Fractal cosmology · See more »

Frame fields in general relativity

In general relativity, a frame field (also called a tetrad or vierbein) is a set of four orthonormal vector fields, one timelike and three spacelike, defined on a Lorentzian manifold that is physically interpreted as a model of spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Frame fields in general relativity · See more »

Frame of reference

In physics, a frame of reference (or reference frame) consists of an abstract coordinate system and the set of physical reference points that uniquely fix (locate and orient) the coordinate system and standardize measurements.

New!!: General relativity and Frame of reference · See more »

Frame-dragging

Frame-dragging is an effect on spacetime, predicted by Einstein's general theory of relativity, that is due to non-static stationary distributions of mass–energy.

New!!: General relativity and Frame-dragging · See more »

Francesco Severi

Francesco Severi (13 April 1879 – 8 December 1961) was an Italian mathematician.

New!!: General relativity and Francesco Severi · See more »

Francis Everitt

C.

New!!: General relativity and Francis Everitt · See more »

Frank Watson Dyson

Sir Frank Watson Dyson, KBE, FRS, FRSE (8 January 1868 – 25 May 1939) was an English astronomer and Astronomer Royal who is remembered today largely for introducing time signals ("pips") from Greenwich, England, and for the role he played in proving Einstein's theory of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Frank Watson Dyson · See more »

Frans Pretorius

Frans Pretorius (born 31 July 1973 in Johannesburg) is a South African and Canadian physicist, specializing in computer simulations in astrophysics and numerical solutions of Einstein's field equations.

New!!: General relativity and Frans Pretorius · See more »

Fred Hoyle

Sir Fred Hoyle FRS (24 June 1915 – 20 August 2001) was a British astronomer who formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis.

New!!: General relativity and Fred Hoyle · See more »

Free fall

In Newtonian physics, free fall is any motion of a body where gravity is the only force acting upon it.

New!!: General relativity and Free fall · See more »

Free University of Tbilisi

The Free University of Tbilisi is a private university established in 2007 via the merge of ESM Tbilisi and the Tbilisi Institute of Asia and Africa.

New!!: General relativity and Free University of Tbilisi · See more »

Freund–Rubin compactification

Freund–Rubin compactification is a form of dimensional reduction in which a field theory in d-dimensional spacetime, containing gravity and some field whose field strength F is a rank s antisymmetric tensor, 'prefers' to be reduced down to a spacetime with a dimension of either s or d-s.

New!!: General relativity and Freund–Rubin compactification · See more »

Friedmann equations

The Friedmann equations are a set of equations in physical cosmology that govern the expansion of space in homogeneous and isotropic models of the universe within the context of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Friedmann equations · See more »

Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric

The Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric is an exact solution of Einstein's field equations of general relativity; it describes a homogeneous, isotropic, expanding or contracting universe that is path connected, but not necessarily simply connected.

New!!: General relativity and Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric · See more »

Friedrich Hasenöhrl

Friedrich Hasenöhrl (30 November 1874 – 7 October 1915), was an Austrian physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Friedrich Hasenöhrl · See more »

Friedrich Kottler

Friedrich Kottler (December 10, 1886 – May 11, 1965) was an Austrian theoretical physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Friedrich Kottler · See more »

Friedwardt Winterberg

Friedwardt Winterberg (born June 12, 1929) is a German-American theoretical physicist and research professor at the University of Nevada, Reno.

New!!: General relativity and Friedwardt Winterberg · See more »

Fubini–Study metric

In mathematics, the Fubini–Study metric is a Kähler metric on projective Hilbert space, that is, on a complex projective space CPn endowed with a Hermitian form.

New!!: General relativity and Fubini–Study metric · See more »

Fudge factor

A fudge factor is an ad hoc quantity or element introduced into a calculation, formula or model in order to make it fit observations or expectations.

New!!: General relativity and Fudge factor · See more »

Fundamental interaction

In physics, the fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces, are the interactions that do not appear to be reducible to more basic interactions.

New!!: General relativity and Fundamental interaction · See more »

Gabriel Kron

Gabriel Kron (1901 – 1968) was a Hungarian American electrical engineer who promoted the use of methods of linear algebra, multilinear algebra, and differential geometry in the field.

New!!: General relativity and Gabriel Kron · See more »

Gaia (spacecraft)

Gaia is a space observatory of the European Space Agency (ESA) designed for astrometry: measuring the positions and distances of stars with unprecedented precision.

New!!: General relativity and Gaia (spacecraft) · See more »

Gamma-ray burst progenitors

Gamma-ray burst progenitors are the types of celestial objects that can emit gamma-ray bursts (GRBs).

New!!: General relativity and Gamma-ray burst progenitors · See more »

Gauge boson

In particle physics, a gauge boson is a force carrier, a bosonic particle that carries any of the fundamental interactions of nature, commonly called forces.

New!!: General relativity and Gauge boson · See more »

Gauge covariant derivative

The gauge covariant derivative is a variation of the covariant derivative used in general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Gauge covariant derivative · See more »

Gauge fixing

In the physics of gauge theories, gauge fixing (also called choosing a gauge) denotes a mathematical procedure for coping with redundant degrees of freedom in field variables.

New!!: General relativity and Gauge fixing · See more »

Gauge gravitation theory

In quantum field theory, gauge gravitation theory is the effort to extend Yang–Mills theory, which provides a universal description of the fundamental interactions, to describe gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Gauge gravitation theory · See more »

Gauge theory

In physics, a gauge theory is a type of field theory in which the Lagrangian is invariant under certain Lie groups of local transformations.

New!!: General relativity and Gauge theory · See more »

Gauge theory gravity

Gauge theory gravity (GTG) is a theory of gravitation cast in the mathematical language of geometric algebra.

New!!: General relativity and Gauge theory gravity · See more »

Gauge vector–tensor gravity

Gauge vector–tensor gravity (GVT) is a relativistic generalization of Mordehai Milgrom's modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) paradigm where gauge fields cause the MOND behavior.

New!!: General relativity and Gauge vector–tensor gravity · See more »

Gauss–Bonnet gravity

In general relativity, Gauss–Bonnet gravity, also referred to as Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity, is a modification of the Einstein–Hilbert action to include the Gauss–Bonnet term (named after Carl Friedrich Gauss and Pierre Ossian Bonnet) G.

New!!: General relativity and Gauss–Bonnet gravity · See more »

General covariance

In theoretical physics, general covariance, also known as diffeomorphism covariance or general invariance, consists of the invariance of the form of physical laws under arbitrary differentiable coordinate transformations.

New!!: General relativity and General covariance · See more »

General covariant transformations

In physics, general covariant transformations are symmetries of gravitation theory on a world manifold X. They are gauge transformations whose parameter functions are vector fields on X. From the physical viewpoint, general covariant transformations are treated as particular (holonomic) reference frame transformations in general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and General covariant transformations · See more »

General relativity

General relativity (GR, also known as the general theory of relativity or GTR) is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and the current description of gravitation in modern physics.

New!!: General relativity and General relativity · See more »

General Relativity (book)

General Relativity is a popular textbook on Einstein's theory of general relativity written by Robert Wald.

New!!: General relativity and General Relativity (book) · See more »

General Relativity and Gravitation

General Relativity and Gravitation is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal.

New!!: General relativity and General Relativity and Gravitation · See more »

General Theory

General theory may refer to.

New!!: General relativity and General Theory · See more »

Geocentric Coordinate Time

Geocentric Coordinate Time (TCG - Temps-coordonnée géocentrique) is a coordinate time standard intended to be used as the independent variable of time for all calculations pertaining to precession, nutation, the Moon, and artificial satellites of the Earth.

New!!: General relativity and Geocentric Coordinate Time · See more »

Geodesic

In differential geometry, a geodesic is a generalization of the notion of a "straight line" to "curved spaces".

New!!: General relativity and Geodesic · See more »

Geodesic deviation

In general relativity, geodesic deviation describes the tendency of objects to approach or recede from one another while moving under the influence of a spatially varying gravitational field.

New!!: General relativity and Geodesic deviation · See more »

Geodesics in general relativity

In general relativity, a geodesic generalizes the notion of a "straight line" to curved spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Geodesics in general relativity · See more »

Geodetic effect

The geodetic effect (also known as geodetic precession, de Sitter precession or de Sitter effect) represents the effect of the curvature of spacetime, predicted by general relativity, on a vector carried along with an orbiting body.

New!!: General relativity and Geodetic effect · See more »

Geometrized unit system

A geometrized unit system or geometric unit system is a system of natural units in which the base physical units are chosen so that the speed of light in vacuum, c, and the gravitational constant, G, are set equal to unity.

New!!: General relativity and Geometrized unit system · See more »

Geometrodynamics

In theoretical physics, geometrodynamics is an attempt to describe spacetime and associated phenomena completely in terms of geometry.

New!!: General relativity and Geometrodynamics · See more »

Geometry

Geometry (from the γεωμετρία; geo- "earth", -metron "measurement") is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative position of figures, and the properties of space.

New!!: General relativity and Geometry · See more »

Geometry Festival

The Geometry Festival is an annual mathematics conference held in the United States.

New!!: General relativity and Geometry Festival · See more »

Geon (physics)

In theoretical general relativity, a geon is an electromagnetic or gravitational wave which is held together in a confined region by the gravitational attraction of its own field energy.

New!!: General relativity and Geon (physics) · See more »

Georg Alexander Pick

Georg Alexander Pick (10 August 1859 – 26 July 1942) was an Austrian born mathematician.

New!!: General relativity and Georg Alexander Pick · See more »

George Barker Jeffery

George Barker Jeffery FRS(9 May 1891 – 27 April 1957) was a leading mathematical physicist in the early twentieth century.

New!!: General relativity and George Barker Jeffery · See more »

George F. R. Ellis

George Francis Rayner Ellis, FRS, Hon.

New!!: General relativity and George F. R. Ellis · See more »

George Yuri Rainich

George Yuri Rainich (March 25, 1886 in Odessa – October 10, 1968) was a leading mathematical physicist in the early twentieth century.

New!!: General relativity and George Yuri Rainich · See more »

Georges Lemaître

Georges Henri Joseph Édouard Lemaître, RAS Associate (17 July 1894 – 20 June 1966) was a Belgian Catholic Priest, astronomer and professor of physics at the Catholic University of Leuven.

New!!: General relativity and Georges Lemaître · See more »

Geraint F. Lewis

Geraint F. Lewis (born 14 March 1969) is a Welsh astrophysicist, who is best known for his work on dark energy, gravitational lensing and galactic cannibalism.

New!!: General relativity and Geraint F. Lewis · See more »

Gerald Maurice Clemence

Gerald Maurice Clemence (16 August 1908 – 22 November 1974) was an American astronomer.

New!!: General relativity and Gerald Maurice Clemence · See more »

Gerald Schroeder

Gerald Lawrence Schroeder is an Orthodox Jewish physicist, author, lecturer and teacher at College of Jewish Studies Aish HaTorah's Discovery Seminar, Essentials and Fellowships programs and Executive Learning Center, who focuses on what he perceives to be an inherent relationship between science and spirituality.

New!!: General relativity and Gerald Schroeder · See more »

Gerhard Huisken

Gerhard Huisken (born May 20, 1958) is a German mathematician.

New!!: General relativity and Gerhard Huisken · See more »

Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

New!!: General relativity and Germany · See more »

Geroch energy

The Geroch energy or Geroch mass is one of the possible definitions of mass in general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Geroch energy · See more »

Geroch group

The Geroch group is an infinite-dimensional symmetry group of axisymmetric, stationary vacuum spacetimes that are solutions of Einstein's equations of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Geroch group · See more »

Gerold von Gleich

Gerold von Gleich (1869-1938) was a German army officer, who served in both the German Imperial Army and the Ottoman Army during World War I, and wrote a memoir of his military career.

New!!: General relativity and Gerold von Gleich · See more »

GHP formalism

The GHP formalism (or Geroch–Held–Penrose formalism) is a technique used in the mathematics of general relativity that involves singling out a pair of null directions at each point of spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and GHP formalism · See more »

Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term

In general relativity, the Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term is a term that needs to be added to the Einstein–Hilbert action when the underlying spacetime manifold has a boundary.

New!!: General relativity and Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term · See more »

Globally hyperbolic manifold

In mathematical physics, global hyperbolicity is a certain condition on the causal structure of a spacetime manifold (that is, a Lorentzian manifold).

New!!: General relativity and Globally hyperbolic manifold · See more »

Glossary of astronomy

This page is a glossary of astronomy.

New!!: General relativity and Glossary of astronomy · See more »

Glossary of civil engineering

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

New!!: General relativity and Glossary of civil engineering · See more »

Glossary of engineering

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

New!!: General relativity and Glossary of engineering · See more »

Glossary of physics

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

New!!: General relativity and Glossary of physics · See more »

Glossary of Riemannian and metric geometry

This is a glossary of some terms used in Riemannian geometry and metric geometry — it doesn't cover the terminology of differential topology.

New!!: General relativity and Glossary of Riemannian and metric geometry · See more »

Glossary of string theory

This page is a glossary of terms in string theory, including related areas such as supergravity, supersymmetry, and high energy physics.

New!!: General relativity and Glossary of string theory · See more »

Glossary of structural engineering

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

New!!: General relativity and Glossary of structural engineering · See more »

Goldberg–Sachs theorem

The Goldberg–Sachs theorem is a result in Einstein's theory of general relativity about vacuum solutions of the Einstein field equations relating the existence of a certain type of congruence with algebraic properties of the Weyl tensor.

New!!: General relativity and Goldberg–Sachs theorem · See more »

Golden binary

In gravitational wave astronomy, a golden binary is a binary black hole collision event whose inspiral and ringdown phases have been measured accurately enough to provide separate measurements of the initial and final black hole masses.

New!!: General relativity and Golden binary · See more »

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (or; Leibnitz; – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath and philosopher who occupies a prominent place in the history of mathematics and the history of philosophy.

New!!: General relativity and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz · See more »

Gowdy solution

Gowdy universes or, alternatively, Gowdy solutions of Einstein's equations are simple model spacetimes in general relativity which represent an expanding universe filled with a regular pattern of gravitational waves.

New!!: General relativity and Gowdy solution · See more »

GR

GR may refer to.

New!!: General relativity and GR · See more »

Graduate Texts in Mathematics

Graduate Texts in Mathematics (GTM) (ISSN 0072-5285) is a series of graduate-level textbooks in mathematics published by Springer-Verlag.

New!!: General relativity and Graduate Texts in Mathematics · See more »

Grandfather paradox

The grandfather paradox is a paradox of time travel in which inconsistencies emerge through changing the past.

New!!: General relativity and Grandfather paradox · See more »

Gravastar

A gravastar is an object hypothesized in astrophysics as an alternative to the black hole theory by Pawel O. Mazur and Emil Mottola.

New!!: General relativity and Gravastar · See more »

Gravimetry

Gravimetry is the measurement of the strength of a gravitational field.

New!!: General relativity and Gravimetry · See more »

Gravitation (book)

Gravitation is a physics book on Einstein's theory of gravity, written by Charles W. Misner, Kip S. Thorne, and John Archibald Wheeler and originally published by W. H. Freeman and Company in 1973.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitation (book) · See more »

Gravitation (disambiguation)

Gravitation is the mass-proportionate force of attraction among matter.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitation (disambiguation) · See more »

Gravitational acceleration

In physics, gravitational acceleration is the acceleration on an object caused by the force of gravitation.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational acceleration · See more »

Gravitational anomaly

In theoretical physics, a gravitational anomaly is an example of a gauge anomaly: it is an effect of quantum mechanics–usually a one-loop diagram—that invalidates the general covariance of a theory of general relativity combined with some other fields.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational anomaly · See more »

Gravitational collapse

Gravitational collapse is the contraction of an astronomical object due to the influence of its own gravity, which tends to draw matter inward toward the center of gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational collapse · See more »

Gravitational constant

The gravitational constant (also known as the "universal gravitational constant", the "Newtonian constant of gravitation", or the "Cavendish gravitational constant"), denoted by the letter, is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational constant · See more »

Gravitational energy

Gravitational energy is the potential energy a body with mass has in relation to another massive object due to gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational energy · See more »

Gravitational field

In physics, a gravitational field is a model used to explain the influence that a massive body extends into the space around itself, producing a force on another massive body.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational field · See more »

Gravitational interaction of antimatter

The gravitational interaction of antimatter with matter or antimatter has not been conclusively observed by physicists.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational interaction of antimatter · See more »

Gravitational lens

A gravitational lens is a distribution of matter (such as a cluster of galaxies) between a distant light source and an observer, that is capable of bending the light from the source as the light travels towards the observer.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational lens · See more »

Gravitational lensing formalism

In general relativity, a point mass deflects a light ray with impact parameter b~ by an angle approximately equal to \hat.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational lensing formalism · See more »

Gravitational microlensing

Gravitational microlensing is an astronomical phenomenon due to the gravitational lens effect.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational microlensing · See more »

Gravitational mirage

A gravitational mirage or cosmic mirage is an optical phenomenon affecting the appearance of a distant star or galaxy, seen only through a telescope.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational mirage · See more »

Gravitational plane wave

In general relativity, a gravitational plane wave is a special class of a vacuum pp-wave spacetime, and may be defined in terms of Brinkmann coordinates by ds^2.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational plane wave · See more »

Gravitational potential

In classical mechanics, the gravitational potential at a location is equal to the work (energy transferred) per unit mass that would be needed to move the object from a fixed reference location to the location of the object.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational potential · See more »

Gravitational redshift

In astrophysics, gravitational redshift or Einstein shift is the process by which electromagnetic radiation originating from a source that is in a gravitational field is reduced in frequency, or redshifted, when observed in a region at a higher gravitational potential.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational redshift · See more »

Gravitational shielding

The term gravitational shielding refers to a hypothetical process of shielding an object from the influence of a gravitational field.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational shielding · See more »

Gravitational singularity

A gravitational singularity or spacetime singularity is a location in spacetime where the gravitational field of a celestial body becomes infinite in a way that does not depend on the coordinate system.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational singularity · See more »

Gravitational time dilation

Gravitational time dilation is a form of time dilation, an actual difference of elapsed time between two events as measured by observers situated at varying distances from a gravitating mass.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational time dilation · See more »

Gravitational wave

Gravitational waves are the disturbance in the fabric ("curvature") of spacetime generated by accelerated masses and propagate as waves outward from their source at the speed of light.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational wave · See more »

Gravitational-wave astronomy

Gravitational-wave astronomy is an emerging branch of observational astronomy which aims to use gravitational waves (minute distortions of spacetime predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity) to collect observational data about objects such as neutron stars and black holes, events such as supernovae, and processes including those of the early universe shortly after the Big Bang.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational-wave astronomy · See more »

Gravitational-wave observatory

A gravitational-wave observatory (or gravitational-wave detector) is any device designed to measure gravitational waves, tiny distortions of spacetime that were first predicted by Einstein in 1916.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitational-wave observatory · See more »

Gravitino

In supergravity theories combining general relativity and supersymmetry, the gravitino is the gauge fermion supersymmetric partner of the hypothesized graviton.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitino · See more »

Gravitoelectromagnetism

Gravitoelectromagnetism, abbreviated GEM, refers to a set of formal analogies between the equations for electromagnetism and relativistic gravitation; specifically: between Maxwell's field equations and an approximation, valid under certain conditions, to the Einstein field equations for general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitoelectromagnetism · See more »

Gravitomagnetic clock effect

In physics, the gravitomagnetic clock effect is a deviation from Kepler's third law that, according to the weak-field and slow-motion approximation of general relativity, will be suffered by a particle in orbit around a (slowly) spinning body, such as a typical planet or star.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitomagnetic clock effect · See more »

Gravitomagnetic time delay

In according to general relativity, a massive spinning body endowed with angular momentum S will alter the space-time fabric around it in such a way that several effects on moving test particles and propagating electromagnetic waves occur.

New!!: General relativity and Gravitomagnetic time delay · See more »

Graviton

In theories of quantum gravity, the graviton is the hypothetical elementary particle that mediates the force of gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Graviton · See more »

Gravity

Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light—are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another.

New!!: General relativity and Gravity · See more »

Gravity assist

In orbital mechanics and aerospace engineering, a gravitational slingshot, gravity assist maneuver, or swing-by is the use of the relative movement (e.g. orbit around the Sun) and gravity of a planet or other astronomical object to alter the path and speed of a spacecraft, typically to save propellant and reduce expense.

New!!: General relativity and Gravity assist · See more »

Gravity Probe A

Gravity Probe A (GP-A) was a space-based experiment to test the equivalence principle, a feature of Einstein's theory of relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Gravity Probe A · See more »

Gravity Probe B

Gravity Probe B (GP-B) was a satellite-based mission which launched on 20 April 2004 on a Delta II rocket.

New!!: General relativity and Gravity Probe B · See more »

Gravity well

A gravity well or gravitational well is a conceptual model of the gravitational field surrounding a body in space – the more massive the body, the deeper and more extensive the gravity well associated with it.

New!!: General relativity and Gravity well · See more »

Gromov–Witten invariant

In mathematics, specifically in symplectic topology and algebraic geometry, Gromov–Witten (GW) invariants are rational numbers that, in certain situations, count pseudoholomorphic curves meeting prescribed conditions in a given symplectic manifold.

New!!: General relativity and Gromov–Witten invariant · See more »

GRT

GRT may refer to.

New!!: General relativity and GRT · See more »

GRTensorII

GRTensorII is a Maple package designed for tensor computations, particularly in general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and GRTensorII · See more »

GTR

GTR may refer to.

New!!: General relativity and GTR · See more »

Guido Fubini

Guido Fubini (19 January 1879 – 6 June 1943) was an Italian mathematician, known for Fubini's theorem and the Fubini–Study metric.

New!!: General relativity and Guido Fubini · See more »

Gunnar Nordström

Gunnar Nordström (12 March 1881 – 24 December 1923) was a Finnish theoretical physicist best remembered for his theory of gravitation, which was an early competitor of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Gunnar Nordström · See more »

Gustav Herglotz

Gustav Herglotz (2 February 1881 – 22 March 1953) was a German Bohemian mathematician.

New!!: General relativity and Gustav Herglotz · See more »

GW151226

GW151226 was a gravitational wave signal detected by the LIGO observatory on 25 December 2015 local time (26 Dec 2015 UTC).

New!!: General relativity and GW151226 · See more »

GW170814

GW170814 was a gravitational wave signal from two merging black holes, detected by the LIGO and Virgo observatories on 14 August 2017.

New!!: General relativity and GW170814 · See more »

GW170817

GW170817 was a gravitational wave (GW) signal observed by the LIGO and Virgo detectors on 17 August 2017.

New!!: General relativity and GW170817 · See more »

H. P. Lovecraft

Howard Phillips Lovecraft (August 20, 1890 – March 15, 1937) was an American writer who achieved posthumous fame through his influential works of horror fiction.

New!!: General relativity and H. P. Lovecraft · See more »

Hafele–Keating experiment

The Hafele–Keating experiment was a test of the theory of relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Hafele–Keating experiment · See more »

Hagen Kleinert

Hagen Kleinert (born 15 June 1941) is Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Free University of Berlin, Germany (since 1968), at the West University of Timişoara, at the in Bishkek.

New!!: General relativity and Hagen Kleinert · See more »

Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation

In general relativity, the Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation (HJEE) or Einstein–Hamilton–Jacobi equation (EHJE) is an equation in the Hamiltonian formulation of geometrodynamics in superspace, cast in the "geometrodynamics era" around the 1960s, by Asher Peres in 1962 and others.

New!!: General relativity and Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation · See more »

Hamiltonian constraint

The Hamiltonian constraint arises from any theory that admits a Hamiltonian formulation and is reparametrisation-invariant.

New!!: General relativity and Hamiltonian constraint · See more »

Hamiltonian constraint of LQG

In the ADM formulation of general relativity one splits spacetime into spatial slices and time, the basic variables are taken to be the induced metric, q_ (x), on the spatial slice (the metric induced on the spatial slice by the spacetime metric), and its conjugate momentum variable related to the extrinsic curvature, K^ (x), (this tells us how the spatial slice curves with respect to spacetime and is a measure of how the induced metric evolves in time).

New!!: General relativity and Hamiltonian constraint of LQG · See more »

Hans Adolf Buchdahl

Hans Adolf Buchdahl (7 July 1919 – 7 January 2010) was a German-born Australian physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Hans Adolf Buchdahl · See more »

Hans Stephani

Hans Stephani was a German physicist who mainly worked on the General theory of relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Hans Stephani · See more »

Hans Thirring

Hans Thirring (March 23, 1888 – March 22, 1976) was an Austrian theoretical physicist, professor, and father of the physicist Walter Thirring.

New!!: General relativity and Hans Thirring · See more »

Hans-Jürgen Treder

Hans-Jürgen Treder (born September 4, 1928 in Berlin, died November 18, 2006 in Potsdam) was a German theoretical physicist and in the GDR, specializing in general relativity (and its extensions), astrophysics, and cosmology.

New!!: General relativity and Hans-Jürgen Treder · See more »

Harmonic coordinate condition

The harmonic coordinate condition is one of several coordinate conditions in general relativity, which make it possible to solve the Einstein field equations.

New!!: General relativity and Harmonic coordinate condition · See more »

Harmonic coordinates

In Riemannian geometry, a branch of mathematics, harmonic coordinates are a coordinate system on a Riemannian manifold each of whose coordinate functions xi is harmonic, meaning that it satisfies Laplace's equation Here Δ is the Laplace–Beltrami operator.

New!!: General relativity and Harmonic coordinates · See more »

Heim theory

Heim theory, first proposed by German physicist Burkhard Heim publicly in 1957, is an attempt to develop a theory of everything in theoretical physics.

New!!: General relativity and Heim theory · See more »

Heino Falcke

Heino Falcke (born 1966) is a German professor of radio astronomy and astroparticle physics at the Radboud University Nijmegen.

New!!: General relativity and Heino Falcke · See more »

Heliocentrism

Heliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System.

New!!: General relativity and Heliocentrism · See more »

Helioseismology

Helioseismology, a term coined by Douglas Gough, is the study of the structure and dynamics of the Sun through its oscillations.

New!!: General relativity and Helioseismology · See more »

Hempel's dilemma

Hempel's dilemma is a question first asked (at least on record) by the philosopher Carl Hempel.

New!!: General relativity and Hempel's dilemma · See more »

Hendrik Lorentz

Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect.

New!!: General relativity and Hendrik Lorentz · See more »

Hermann Bondi

Sir Hermann Bondi (1 November 1919 – 10 September 2005) was an Anglo-Austrian mathematician and cosmologist.

New!!: General relativity and Hermann Bondi · See more »

Hermann Minkowski

Hermann Minkowski (22 June 1864 – 12 January 1909) was a German mathematician and professor at Königsberg, Zürich and Göttingen.

New!!: General relativity and Hermann Minkowski · See more »

Hermann Weyl

Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl, (9 November 1885 – 8 December 1955) was a German mathematician, theoretical physicist and philosopher.

New!!: General relativity and Hermann Weyl · See more »

Hierarchy problem

In theoretical physics, the hierarchy problem is the large discrepancy between aspects of the weak force and gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Hierarchy problem · See more »

Higgs boson

The Higgs boson is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics.

New!!: General relativity and Higgs boson · See more »

Higher-dimensional Einstein gravity

Higher-dimensional Einstein gravity is any of various physical theories that attempt to generalise to higher dimensions various results of the well established theory of standard (four-dimensional) Einstein gravity, that is, general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Higher-dimensional Einstein gravity · See more »

Higher-dimensional supergravity

Higher-dimensional supergravity is the supersymmetric generalization of general relativity in higher dimensions.

New!!: General relativity and Higher-dimensional supergravity · See more »

Hilbert's sixth problem

Hilbert's sixth problem is to axiomatize those branches of physics in which mathematics is prevalent.

New!!: General relativity and Hilbert's sixth problem · See more »

Hipparcos

Hipparcos was a scientific satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA), launched in 1989 and operated until 1993.

New!!: General relativity and Hipparcos · See more »

History of general relativity

General relativity (GR) is a theory of gravitation that was developed by Albert Einstein between 1907 and 1915, with contributions by many others after 1915.

New!!: General relativity and History of general relativity · See more »

History of gravitational theory

In physics, theories of gravitation postulate mechanisms of interaction governing the movements of bodies with mass.

New!!: General relativity and History of gravitational theory · See more »

History of loop quantum gravity

The history of loop quantum gravity spans more than three decades of intense research.

New!!: General relativity and History of loop quantum gravity · See more »

History of mathematical notation

The history of mathematical notation includes the commencement, progress, and cultural diffusion of mathematical symbols and the conflict of the methods of notation confronted in a notation's move to popularity or inconspicuousness.

New!!: General relativity and History of mathematical notation · See more »

History of mathematics

The area of study known as the history of mathematics is primarily an investigation into the origin of discoveries in mathematics and, to a lesser extent, an investigation into the mathematical methods and notation of the past.

New!!: General relativity and History of mathematics · See more »

History of Maxwell's equations

In electromagnetism, one of the fundamental fields of physics, the introduction of Maxwell's equations (mainly in "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field") was one of the most important aggregations of empirical facts in the history of physics.

New!!: General relativity and History of Maxwell's equations · See more »

History of physics

Physics (from the Ancient Greek φύσις physis meaning "nature") is the fundamental branch of science.

New!!: General relativity and History of physics · See more »

History of quantum field theory

In particle physics, the history of quantum field theory starts with its creation by Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the electromagnetic field in the late 1920s.

New!!: General relativity and History of quantum field theory · See more »

History of science

The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural and social sciences.

New!!: General relativity and History of science · See more »

History of special relativity

The history of special relativity consists of many theoretical results and empirical findings obtained by Albert A. Michelson, Hendrik Lorentz, Henri Poincaré and others.

New!!: General relativity and History of special relativity · See more »

History of the Big Bang theory

The history of the Big Bang theory began with the Big Bang's development from observations and theoretical considerations.

New!!: General relativity and History of the Big Bang theory · See more »

Hořava–Lifshitz gravity

Hořava–Lifshitz gravity (or Hořava gravity) is a theory of quantum gravity proposed by Petr Hořava in 2009.

New!!: General relativity and Hořava–Lifshitz gravity · See more »

Hole argument

In general relativity, the hole argument is an apparent paradox that much troubled Albert Einstein while developing his famous field equation.

New!!: General relativity and Hole argument · See more »

Holst action

In the field of theoretical physics, the Holst action is an equivalent formulation of the Palatini action for General Relativity (GR) in terms of vierbeins (4D space-time frame field) by adding a part of a topological term (Nieh-Yan) which does not alter the classical equations of motion as long as there is no torsion, (F_^ - \alpha \ast F_^) \equiv \frac \int e e^_ e^_ (F_^ - \frac \epsilon^_ F_^) where e^_ is the tetrad, e its determinant, F_^ the curvature considered as a function of the connection A_^, \alpha a (complex) parameter, and where we recover the Palatini action when \alpha.

New!!: General relativity and Holst action · See more »

Homogeneous space

In mathematics, particularly in the theories of Lie groups, algebraic groups and topological groups, a homogeneous space for a group G is a non-empty manifold or topological space X on which G acts transitively.

New!!: General relativity and Homogeneous space · See more »

Homothetic vector field

A homothetic vector field (sometimes homothetic collineation or homothety) is a projective vector field which satisfies the condition: where c is a real constant.

New!!: General relativity and Homothetic vector field · See more »

Hoop Conjecture

The hoop conjecture, proposed by Kip Thorne in 1972, states that an imploding object forms a black hole when, and only when, a circular hoop with a specific critical circumference could be placed around the object and rotated.

New!!: General relativity and Hoop Conjecture · See more »

Horizon (general relativity)

A horizon is a boundary in spacetime satisfying prescribed conditions.

New!!: General relativity and Horizon (general relativity) · See more »

Horndeski's theory

Horndeski's theory is the most general theory of gravity in four dimensions whose Lagrangian is constructed out of the metric tensor and a scalar field and leads to second order equations of motion.

New!!: General relativity and Horndeski's theory · See more »

House System at the California Institute of Technology

The House System is the basis of undergraduate student residence at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech).

New!!: General relativity and House System at the California Institute of Technology · See more »

Howard Brandt

Howard Edward Brandt (January 2, 1939 in Emerado, North Dakota – April 13, 2014) was a physicist with the United States Army Research Laboratory in Maryland, and was notable for his work in general relativity and quantum field theory and quantum information.

New!!: General relativity and Howard Brandt · See more »

Howard P. Robertson

Howard Percy "Bob" Robertson (January 27, 1903 – August 26, 1961) was an American mathematician and physicist known for contributions related to physical cosmology and the uncertainty principle.

New!!: General relativity and Howard P. Robertson · See more »

Hoyle–Narlikar theory of gravity

The Hoyle–Narlikar theory of gravity is a Machian and conformal theory of gravity proposed by Fred Hoyle and Jayant Narlikar that originally fits into the quasi steady state model of the universe.

New!!: General relativity and Hoyle–Narlikar theory of gravity · See more »

Hubble Space Telescope

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation.

New!!: General relativity and Hubble Space Telescope · See more »

Hubble's law

Hubble's law is the name for the observation in physical cosmology that.

New!!: General relativity and Hubble's law · See more »

Hughes–Drever experiment

Hughes–Drever experiments (also clock comparison-, clock anisotropy-, mass isotropy-, or energy isotropy experiments) are spectroscopic tests of the isotropy of mass and space.

New!!: General relativity and Hughes–Drever experiment · See more »

Hugo Dingler

Hugo Albert Emil Hermann Dingler (July 7, 1881, Munich – June 29, 1954, Munich) was a German scientist and philosopher.

New!!: General relativity and Hugo Dingler · See more »

Hulse–Taylor binary

PSR B1913+16 (also known as PSR J1915+1606, PSR 1913+16, and the Hulse–Taylor binary after its discoverers) is a pulsar (a radiating neutron star) which together with another neutron star is in orbit around a common center of mass, thus forming a binary star system.

New!!: General relativity and Hulse–Taylor binary · See more »

Hume's fork

Hume's fork is an explanation, developed by later philosophers, of David Hume's aggressive, 1730s division of "relations of ideas" from "matters of fact and real existence".

New!!: General relativity and Hume's fork · See more »

Hyperspace

Hyperspace is a faster-than-light (FTL) method of traveling used in science fiction.

New!!: General relativity and Hyperspace · See more »

Hyperspace (book)

Hyperspace: A Scientific Odyssey Through Parallel Universes, Time Warps, and the 10th Dimension (1994) is a book by Michio Kaku, a theoretical physicist from the City College of New York.

New!!: General relativity and Hyperspace (book) · See more »

Ignazio Ciufolini

Ignazio Ciufolini (born 1951) is an Italian physicist active in the field of gravitational physics and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Ignazio Ciufolini · See more »

Igor Rodnianski

Igor Rodnianski (born April 28, 1972, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is an American mathematician at the Princeton University.

New!!: General relativity and Igor Rodnianski · See more »

Ijon Tichy: Space Pilot

Ijon Tichy: Space Pilot (German: Ijon Tichy: Raumpilot) is a satiric German television series loosely based on the series of science fiction stories The Star Diaries by Stanisław Lem.

New!!: General relativity and Ijon Tichy: Space Pilot · See more »

Ilya Prigogine

Viscount Ilya Romanovich Prigogine (Илья́ Рома́нович Приго́жин; 28 May 2003) was a physical chemist and Nobel laureate noted for his work on dissipative structures, complex systems, and irreversibility.

New!!: General relativity and Ilya Prigogine · See more »

IM Pegasi

IM Pegasi is a variable binary star system approximately 329 light-years away in the constellation of Pegasus.

New!!: General relativity and IM Pegasi · See more »

Imaginary time

Imaginary time is a mathematical representation of time which appears in some approaches to special relativity and quantum mechanics.

New!!: General relativity and Imaginary time · See more »

Immirzi parameter

The Immirzi parameter (also known as the Barbero–Immirzi parameter) is a numerical coefficient appearing in loop quantum gravity (LQG), a nonperturbative theory of quantum gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Immirzi parameter · See more »

Incandescence (novel)

Incandescence is a 2008 science fiction novel by Australian author Greg Egan.

New!!: General relativity and Incandescence (novel) · See more »

Indeterminism

Indeterminism is the idea that events (certain events, or events of certain types) are not caused, or not caused deterministically.

New!!: General relativity and Indeterminism · See more »

Index of philosophy articles (D–H)

No description.

New!!: General relativity and Index of philosophy articles (D–H) · See more »

Index of physics articles (G)

The index of physics articles is split into multiple pages due to its size.

New!!: General relativity and Index of physics articles (G) · See more »

Induced gravity

Induced gravity (or emergent gravity) is an idea in quantum gravity that space-time curvature and its dynamics emerge as a mean field approximation of underlying microscopic degrees of freedom, similar to the fluid mechanics approximation of Bose–Einstein condensates.

New!!: General relativity and Induced gravity · See more »

Inductivism

Inductivism is the traditional model of scientific method attributed to Francis Bacon, who in 1620 vowed to subvert allegedly traditional thinking.

New!!: General relativity and Inductivism · See more »

Inertia

Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its position and state of motion.

New!!: General relativity and Inertia · See more »

Inertial frame of reference

An inertial frame of reference in classical physics and special relativity is a frame of reference in which a body with zero net force acting upon it is not accelerating; that is, such a body is at rest or it is moving at a constant speed in a straight line.

New!!: General relativity and Inertial frame of reference · See more »

Infinity

Infinity (symbol) is a concept describing something without any bound or larger than any natural number.

New!!: General relativity and Infinity · See more »

Inflation (cosmology)

In physical cosmology, cosmic inflation, cosmological inflation, or just inflation, is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the early universe.

New!!: General relativity and Inflation (cosmology) · See more »

Inhomogeneous cosmology

In cosmology and general relativity, inhomogeneous cosmology in the most general sense (totally inhomogeneous universe) is modelling the universe as a whole with the spacetime which does not possess any spacetime symmetries.

New!!: General relativity and Inhomogeneous cosmology · See more »

Initial singularity

The initial singularity was a singularity of seemingly infinite density and mass thought to have contained all of the mass and space-time of the Universe before quantum fluctuations caused it to rapidly expand in the Big Bang and subsequent inflation, creating the present-day Universe.

New!!: General relativity and Initial singularity · See more »

Initial value formulation (general relativity)

The initial value formulation of general relativity is a reformulation of Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity that describes a universe evolving over time.

New!!: General relativity and Initial value formulation (general relativity) · See more »

Innermost stable circular orbit

The Innermost stable circular orbit (often called the ISCO) is the smallest circular orbit in which a test particle can stably orbit a massive object in general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Innermost stable circular orbit · See more »

Instant Physics

Instant Physics (full title: Instant Physics: From Aristotle to Einstein, and Beyond) is a book by Tony Rothman first published by Fawcett Columbine in 1995.

New!!: General relativity and Instant Physics · See more »

Institut d'astrophysique de Paris

The Institut d'astrophysique de Paris (translated: Paris Institute of Astrophysics) is a research institute in Paris, France.

New!!: General relativity and Institut d'astrophysique de Paris · See more »

Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics

The Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) is an autonomous institution set up by the University Grants Commission to promote nucleation and growth of active groups in astronomy and astrophysics in Indian universities.

New!!: General relativity and Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics · See more »

Interaction

Interaction is a kind of action that occur as two or more objects have an effect upon one another.

New!!: General relativity and Interaction · See more »

Interferometry

Interferometry is a family of techniques in which waves, usually electromagnetic waves, are superimposed causing the phenomenon of interference in order to extract information.

New!!: General relativity and Interferometry · See more »

Interior product

In mathematics, the interior product (aka interior derivative/, interior multiplication, inner multiplication, inner derivative, or inner derivation) is a degree −1 antiderivation on the exterior algebra of differential forms on a smooth manifold.

New!!: General relativity and Interior product · See more »

Interior Schwarzschild metric

In Einstein's theory of general relativity, the interior Schwarzschild metric (also interior Schwarzschild solution or Schwarzschild fluid solution) is an exact solution for the gravitational field in the interior of a non-rotating spherical body which consists of an incompressible fluid (implying that density is constant throughout the body) and has zero pressure at the surface.

New!!: General relativity and Interior Schwarzschild metric · See more »

International Celestial Reference Frame

In astrometry, an International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) is a realization of the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS) using reference celestial sources observed at radio wavelengths.

New!!: General relativity and International Celestial Reference Frame · See more »

International Journal of Theoretical Physics

The International Journal of Theoretical Physics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of physics published by Springer Science+Business Media since 1968.

New!!: General relativity and International Journal of Theoretical Physics · See more »

International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics

The International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs (INSC), was founded by Nobel laureate in Physics Dr.

New!!: General relativity and International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics · See more »

International Society on General Relativity and Gravitation

The International Society on General Relativity and Gravitation (ISGRG) is a learned society established in 1971 with the goal to promote research on general relativity (GR) and gravitation.

New!!: General relativity and International Society on General Relativity and Gravitation · See more »

Interstellar (film)

Interstellar is a 2014 epic science fiction film directed, co-written, and co-produced by Christopher Nolan.

New!!: General relativity and Interstellar (film) · See more »

Interstellar probe

An interstellar probe is a space probe that has left—or is expected to leave—the Solar System and enter interstellar space, which is typically defined as the region beyond the heliopause.

New!!: General relativity and Interstellar probe · See more »

Interstellar travel

Interstellar travel is the term used for hypothetical crewed or uncrewed travel between stars or planetary systems.

New!!: General relativity and Interstellar travel · See more »

Intertheoretic reduction

In philosophy of science, intertheoretic reduction occurs when a reducing theory makes predictions that perfectly or almost perfectly match the predictions of a reduced theory, while the reducing theory explains or predicts a wider range of phenomena under more general conditions.

New!!: General relativity and Intertheoretic reduction · See more »

Introduction to gauge theory

A gauge theory is a type of theory in physics.

New!!: General relativity and Introduction to gauge theory · See more »

Introduction to general relativity

General relativity is a theory of gravitation that was developed by Albert Einstein between 1907 and 1915.

New!!: General relativity and Introduction to general relativity · See more »

Introduction to the mathematics of general relativity

The mathematics of general relativity is complex.

New!!: General relativity and Introduction to the mathematics of general relativity · See more »

Invariant (physics)

In mathematics and theoretical physics, an invariant is a property of a system which remains unchanged under some transformation.

New!!: General relativity and Invariant (physics) · See more »

Inverse mean curvature flow

In the field of differential geometry in mathematics, inverse mean curvature flow (IMCF) is an example of a geometric flow of hypersurfaces of a Riemannian manifold (for example, smooth surfaces in 3-dimensional Euclidean space).

New!!: General relativity and Inverse mean curvature flow · See more »

Iosif Khriplovich

Iosif Benzionovich Khriplovich (Иосиф Бенционович Хриплович) (born 1937) is a Russian theoretical physicist who has made deep contributions in quantum field theory, atomic physics, and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Iosif Khriplovich · See more »

Is Logic Empirical?

"Is Logic Empirical?" is the title of two articles (one by Hilary Putnam and another by Michael Dummett) that discuss the idea that the algebraic properties of logic may, or should, be empirically determined; in particular, they deal with the question of whether empirical facts about quantum phenomena may provide grounds for revising classical logic as a consistent logical rendering of reality.

New!!: General relativity and Is Logic Empirical? · See more »

Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov

Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov (Исаак Маркович Халатников; born 17 October 1919) is a Soviet-born physicist known for his role in developing the BKL conjecture in general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov · See more »

Isotropic coordinates

In the theory of Lorentzian manifolds, spherically symmetric spacetimes admit a family of nested round spheres.

New!!: General relativity and Isotropic coordinates · See more »

Italian Society for General Relativity and Gravitation

The Italian Society on General Relativity and Gravitation (SIGRAV), founded in 1990, is a non-profit association whose purpose is that of bringing together members belonging to the Italian scientific community who are interested in the various aspects of general relativity and in gravitation physics.

New!!: General relativity and Italian Society for General Relativity and Gravitation · See more »

Italophilia

Italophilia is the admiration, appreciation or emulation of Italy, its people, its ideals, its civilization or its culture.

New!!: General relativity and Italophilia · See more »

Ivor Etherington

Prof Ivor Malcolm Haddon Etherington FRSE (born 8 February 1908, Lewisham, England; died 1 January 1994) was a mathematician who worked initially on general relativity, but later moved into genetics where he introduced genetic algebras.

New!!: General relativity and Ivor Etherington · See more »

Ivor Robinson (physicist)

Ivor Robinson (1923 – May 27, 2016) was an American mathematical physicist, born and educated in England.

New!!: General relativity and Ivor Robinson (physicist) · See more »

J. Richard Gott

John Richard Gott III (born February 8, 1947 in Louisville, Kentucky) is a professor of astrophysical sciences at Princeton University.

New!!: General relativity and J. Richard Gott · See more »

J. Robert Oppenheimer

Julius Robert Oppenheimer (April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist and professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley.

New!!: General relativity and J. Robert Oppenheimer · See more »

J. W. N. Sullivan

John William Navin Sullivan (1886-1937), was a popular science writer and literary journalist, and the author of a study of Beethoven.

New!!: General relativity and J. W. N. Sullivan · See more »

Jacques Blamont

Jacques Emile Blamont is a French astrophysicist author and the founder scientific and technical director of National Centre for Space Studies (CNES-Centre national d'études spatiales), known to have contributed to the development of Veronique, the first rocket launched by France in 1957.

New!!: General relativity and Jacques Blamont · See more »

Jakob Kunz

Jakob Kunz (November 3, 1874 – July 18, 1938) was an American physicist who pioneered the development and application of photoelectric cells.

New!!: General relativity and Jakob Kunz · See more »

Jamal Nazrul Islam

Jamal Nazrul Islam (24 February 1939 – 16 March 2013) was a Bangladeshi mathematical physicist and cosmologist.

New!!: General relativity and Jamal Nazrul Islam · See more »

James A. Isenberg

James A. Isenberg is an American theoretical physicist.

New!!: General relativity and James A. Isenberg · See more »

James Harder

James Albert Harder, Ph.D., (December 2, 1926 – 2006) was a professor of civil and hydraulic engineering at the University of California, Berkeley.

New!!: General relativity and James Harder · See more »

James Hartle

James Burkett Hartle (August 20, 1939) is an American physicist.

New!!: General relativity and James Hartle · See more »

James M. Bardeen

James Maxwell Bardeen (born May 9, 1939) is an American physicist, well known for his work in general relativity, particularly his role in formulating the laws of black hole mechanics. He also discovered the Bardeen vacuum, an exact solution of the Einstein field equation.

New!!: General relativity and James M. Bardeen · See more »

James MacKaye

James Medbury MacKaye (April 8, 1872 - January 22, 1935) was an American engineer and philosopher.

New!!: General relativity and James MacKaye · See more »

James W. York

James W. York Jr. (born July 3, 1939 in Raleigh, North Carolina) is an American mathematical physicist who contributed to the theory of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and James W. York · See more »

Jan Ambjørn

Jan Ambjørn is a Danish physicist regarded as the primary founder of Causal Dynamical Triangulation Theory (CDT).

New!!: General relativity and Jan Ambjørn · See more »

Jan Arnoldus Schouten

Jan Arnoldus Schouten (28 August 1883 – 20 January 1971) was a Dutch mathematician and Professor at the Delft University of Technology.

New!!: General relativity and Jan Arnoldus Schouten · See more »

Jan Zaanen

Jan Zaanen (born 17 April 1957) is professor of theoretical physics at Leiden University, the Netherlands.

New!!: General relativity and Jan Zaanen · See more »

Janez Strnad

Janez Strnad (March 4, 1934 – November 28, 2015) was a Slovene physicist and popularizer of natural science.

New!!: General relativity and Janez Strnad · See more »

Jayme Tiomno

Jayme Tiomno (April 16, 1920 in Rio de Janeiro – January 12, 2011 in Rio de Janeiro), was a Brazilian experimental and theoretical physicist with interests in particle physics and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Jayme Tiomno · See more »

Józef Lubański

Józef Kazimierz Lubański (1914 – 8 December 1946) was a Polish theoretical physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Józef Lubański · See more »

Jürgen Ehlers

Jürgen Ehlers (29 December 1929 – 20 May 2008) was a German physicist who contributed to the understanding of Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Jürgen Ehlers · See more »

Jürgen Renn

Jürgen Renn (* 11 July 1956 in Moers) is a German historian of science and since 1994 director at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin.

New!!: General relativity and Jürgen Renn · See more »

Jean Chazy

Jean François Chazy (15 August 1882, Villefranche-sur-Saône – 9 March 1955, Paris) was a French mathematician and astronomer.

New!!: General relativity and Jean Chazy · See more »

Jean-Pierre Petit

Jean-Pierre Petit (born 5 April 1937, Choisy-le-Roi) is a French scientist, senior researcher at National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) as an astrophysicist in Marseille Observatory, now retired.

New!!: General relativity and Jean-Pierre Petit · See more »

Jerzy Juliusz Kijowski

Jerzy Juliusz Kijowski (born May 4, 1943 in Lublin) – Polish physicist, Professor of Physical Sciences who specializes in physics, mathematics, classical and quantum field theory, and theory of gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Jerzy Juliusz Kijowski · See more »

Jerzy Plebański

Jerzy Franciszek Plebański (7 May 1928, Warsaw – 24 August 2005, Mexico) was a Polish theoretical physicist best known for his extensive research into general relativity and supergravity.

New!!: General relativity and Jerzy Plebański · See more »

Jet bundle

In differential topology, the jet bundle is a certain construction that makes a new smooth fiber bundle out of a given smooth fiber bundle.

New!!: General relativity and Jet bundle · See more »

Jewish culture

Jewish culture is the culture of the Jewish people from the formation of the Jewish nation in biblical times through life in the diaspora and the modern state of Israel.

New!!: General relativity and Jewish culture · See more »

Johann Georg von Soldner

Johann Georg von Soldner (16 July 1776 in Feuchtwangen, Ansbach – 13 May 1833 in Bogenhausen, Munich) was a German physicist, mathematician and astronomer, first in Berlin and later in 1808 in Munich.

New!!: General relativity and Johann Georg von Soldner · See more »

Johannes Stark

Johannes Stark (15 April 1874 – 21 June 1957) was a German physicist and Physics Nobel Prize laureate.

New!!: General relativity and Johannes Stark · See more »

John Archibald Wheeler

John Archibald Wheeler (July 9, 1911 – April 13, 2008) was an American theoretical physicist.

New!!: General relativity and John Archibald Wheeler · See more »

John Boardman (physicist)

Jack Melton Boardman, commonly known as John Boardman, (born September 8, 1932) is an American physicist.

New!!: General relativity and John Boardman (physicist) · See more »

John Call Cook

John Call Cook, PhD (April 7, 1918 – October 12, 2012) was an American geophysicist who played a crucial role in establishing the field of ground-penetrating radar and is generally regarded as contributing the fundamental research to develop the field.

New!!: General relativity and John Call Cook · See more »

John D. Norton

John D. Norton (born 1953) is a professor of the history and philosophy of science at the University of Pittsburgh.

New!!: General relativity and John D. Norton · See more »

John Earman

John Earman (born 1942) is an American philosopher of physics.

New!!: General relativity and John Earman · See more »

John Hartnett (physicist)

John G. Hartnett (born 24 March 1952 in Manjimup, Western Australia), is an Australian young Earth creationist and cosmologist.

New!!: General relativity and John Hartnett (physicist) · See more »

John Lighton Synge

John Lighton Synge (23 March 1897 – 30 March 1995) was an Irish mathematician and physicist, whose seven decade career included significant periods in Ireland, Canada, and the USA.

New!!: General relativity and John Lighton Synge · See more »

John Michell

John Michell (25 December 1724 – 29 April 1793) was an English natural philosopher and clergyman who provided pioneering insights in a wide range of scientific fields, including astronomy, geology, optics, and gravitation.

New!!: General relativity and John Michell · See more »

John Moffat (physicist)

John W. Moffat (born 24 May 1932) is a Danish-born British-Canadian physicist.

New!!: General relativity and John Moffat (physicist) · See more »

John Stachel

John Stachel (born 29 March 1928) is an American physicist and philosopher of science.

New!!: General relativity and John Stachel · See more »

Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.

Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. (born March 29, 1941) is an American astrophysicist and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate for his discovery with Russell Alan Hulse of a "new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation.".

New!!: General relativity and Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. · See more »

Joseph Larmor

Sir Joseph Larmor FRS FRSE DCL LLD (11 July 1857 – 19 May 1942) was an Irish physicist and mathematician who made innovations in the understanding of electricity, dynamics, thermodynamics, and the electron theory of matter.

New!!: General relativity and Joseph Larmor · See more »

Joseph Polchinski

Joseph Gerard Polchinski Jr. (May 16, 1954 – February 2, 2018) was an American theoretical physicist and string theorist.

New!!: General relativity and Joseph Polchinski · See more »

Joseph Weber

Joseph Weber (May 17, 1919 – September 30, 2000) was an American physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Joseph Weber · See more »

Joshua N. Goldberg

Joshua N. Goldberg (born May 30, 1925 in Rochester, New York) is an American physicist and educator.

New!!: General relativity and Joshua N. Goldberg · See more »

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (JPSJ) is a monthly, peer reviewed, scientific journal published by the Physical Society of Japan (JPS).

New!!: General relativity and Journal of the Physical Society of Japan · See more »

Jules Richard

Jules Richard (12 August 1862 – 14 October 1956) was a French mathematician.

New!!: General relativity and Jules Richard · See more »

Julian Barbour

Julian Barbour (born 1937) is a British physicist with research interests in quantum gravity and the history of science.

New!!: General relativity and Julian Barbour · See more »

Jun Ishiwara

Jun Ishiwara or Atsushi Ishihara (石原 純; January 15, 1881 – January 19, 1947) was a Japanese theoretical physicist, known for his works on the electronic theory of metals, the theory of relativity and quantum theory.

New!!: General relativity and Jun Ishiwara · See more »

Jutta Kunz

Jutta Kunz (born July, 1955) is a German physicist, specializing in quantum field theory and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Jutta Kunz · See more »

K-line (x-ray)

The K-line is a spectral peak in astronomical spectrometry used, along with the L-line, to observe and describe the light spectrum of stars.

New!!: General relativity and K-line (x-ray) · See more »

Kaluza–Klein theory

In physics, Kaluza–Klein theory (KK theory) is a classical unified field theory of gravitation and electromagnetism built around the idea of a fifth dimension beyond the usual four of space and time and considered an important precursor to string theory.

New!!: General relativity and Kaluza–Klein theory · See more »

Kantowski–Sachs metric

In general relativity the Kantowski-Sachs metric (named after Ronald Kantowski and Rainer K. Sachs) describes a homogeneous but anisotropic universe whose spatial section has the topology of \mathbb \times S^.

New!!: General relativity and Kantowski–Sachs metric · See more »

Kappa Tauri

Kappa Tauri (κ Tau, κ Tauri) is a double star in the constellation Taurus and a member of the Hyades open cluster.

New!!: General relativity and Kappa Tauri · See more »

Karl Schwarzschild

Karl Schwarzschild (October 9, 1873 – May 11, 1916) was a German physicist and astronomer.

New!!: General relativity and Karl Schwarzschild · See more »

Kasner metric

The Kasner metric (developed by and named for the American mathematician Edward Kasner in 1921) is an exact solution to Einstein's theory of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Kasner metric · See more »

Kähler manifold

In mathematics and especially differential geometry, a Kähler manifold is a manifold with three mutually compatible structures: a complex structure, a Riemannian structure, and a symplectic structure.

New!!: General relativity and Kähler manifold · See more »

Kenneth Nordtvedt

Kenneth Leon Nordtvedt (born 1939) is a senior researcher specializing in relativistic theories of gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Kenneth Nordtvedt · See more »

Kepler orbit

In celestial mechanics, a Kepler orbit (or Keplerian orbit) is the motion of one body relative to another, as an ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola, which forms a two-dimensional orbital plane in three-dimensional space.

New!!: General relativity and Kepler orbit · See more »

Kerr metric

The Kerr metric or Kerr geometry describes the geometry of empty spacetime around a rotating uncharged axially-symmetric black hole with a spherical event horizon.

New!!: General relativity and Kerr metric · See more »

Kerr–Newman metric

The Kerr–Newman metric is a solution of the Einstein–Maxwell equations in general relativity that describes the spacetime geometry in the region surrounding a charged, rotating mass.

New!!: General relativity and Kerr–Newman metric · See more »

Killing tensor

A Killing tensor, named after Wilhelm Killing, is a symmetric tensor, known in the theory of general relativity, K that satisfies where the parentheses on the indices refer to the symmetric part.

New!!: General relativity and Killing tensor · See more »

Killing vector field

In mathematics, a Killing vector field (often just Killing field), named after Wilhelm Killing, is a vector field on a Riemannian manifold (or pseudo-Riemannian manifold) that preserves the metric.

New!!: General relativity and Killing vector field · See more »

Kindertransport

The Kindertransport (German for "children's transport") was an organised rescue effort that took place during the nine months prior to the outbreak of the Second World War.

New!!: General relativity and Kindertransport · See more »

Kinetic energy

In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion.

New!!: General relativity and Kinetic energy · See more »

Kip Thorne

Kip Stephen Thorne (born June 1, 1940) is an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate, known for his contributions in gravitational physics and astrophysics.

New!!: General relativity and Kip Thorne · See more »

Klaus Hasselmann

Klaus Hasselmann (born 25 October 1931) is a leading oceanographer and climate modeller.

New!!: General relativity and Klaus Hasselmann · See more »

Klein–Gordon equation

The Klein–Gordon equation (Klein–Fock–Gordon equation or sometimes Klein–Gordon–Fock equation) is a relativistic wave equation, related to the Schrödinger equation.

New!!: General relativity and Klein–Gordon equation · See more »

Kodama state

In 1988, Hideo Kodama wrote down the equations of the Kodama state, but as it described a positive (de Sitter universe) spacetime, which was believed to be inconsistent with observation, it was largely ignored.

New!!: General relativity and Kodama state · See more »

Komar mass

The Komar mass (named after Arthur Komar) of a system is one of several formal concepts of mass that are used in general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Komar mass · See more »

Komar superpotential

In general relativity, the Komar superpotential, corresponding to the invariance of the Hilbert-Einstein Lagrangian \mathcal_\mathrm.

New!!: General relativity and Komar superpotential · See more »

Kretschmann scalar

In the theory of Lorentzian manifolds, particularly in the context of applications to general relativity, the Kretschmann scalar is a quadratic scalar invariant.

New!!: General relativity and Kretschmann scalar · See more »

Kruskal–Szekeres coordinates

In general relativity Kruskal–Szekeres coordinates, named after Martin Kruskal and George Szekeres, are a coordinate system for the Schwarzschild geometry for a black hole.

New!!: General relativity and Kruskal–Szekeres coordinates · See more »

Kugelblitz (astrophysics)

In theoretical physics, a kugelblitz (German: "ball lightning") is a concentration of light or radiation so intense that its energy forms an event horizon and becomes self-trapped: according to general relativity and the equivalence of mass and energy, if enough radiation is aimed into a region, the concentration of energy can warp spacetime enough for the region to become a black hole (although this would be a black hole whose original mass-energy had been in the form of radiant energy rather than matter).

New!!: General relativity and Kugelblitz (astrophysics) · See more »

Kurt Gödel

Kurt Friedrich Gödel (April 28, 1906 – January 14, 1978) was an Austrian, and later American, logician, mathematician, and philosopher.

New!!: General relativity and Kurt Gödel · See more »

Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati

The INFN National Laboratory of Frascati (LNF) was founded in 1955 with the objective of furthering particle physics research, and more specifically to host the 1.1 GeV electrosynchrotron, the first accelerator ever built in Italy.

New!!: General relativity and Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati · See more »

Lagrangian mechanics

Lagrangian mechanics is a reformulation of classical mechanics, introduced by the Italian-French mathematician and astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange in 1788.

New!!: General relativity and Lagrangian mechanics · See more »

Lambda-CDM model

The ΛCDM (Lambda cold dark matter) or Lambda-CDM model is a parametrization of the Big Bang cosmological model in which the universe contains a cosmological constant, denoted by Lambda (Greek Λ), associated with dark energy, and cold dark matter (abbreviated CDM).

New!!: General relativity and Lambda-CDM model · See more »

Lambdavacuum solution

In general relativity, a lambdavacuum solution is an exact solution to the Einstein field equation in which the only term in the stress–energy tensor is a cosmological constant term.

New!!: General relativity and Lambdavacuum solution · See more »

Lambert W function

In mathematics, the Lambert W function, also called the omega function or product logarithm, is a set of functions, namely the branches of the inverse relation of the function f(z).

New!!: General relativity and Lambert W function · See more »

Lanczos tensor

The Lanczos tensor or Lanczos potential is a rank 3 tensor in general relativity that generates the Weyl tensor.

New!!: General relativity and Lanczos tensor · See more »

Lane P. Hughston

Lane P. Hughston (born 24 December 1951) is an American mathematician.

New!!: General relativity and Lane P. Hughston · See more »

Laplace operators in differential geometry

In differential geometry there are a number of second-order, linear, elliptic differential operators bearing the name Laplacian.

New!!: General relativity and Laplace operators in differential geometry · See more »

Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector

In classical mechanics, the Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector (or simply the LRL vector) is a vector used chiefly to describe the shape and orientation of the orbit of one astronomical body around another, such as a planet revolving around a star.

New!!: General relativity and Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector · See more »

Large Hadron Collider

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and most powerful particle collider, the most complex experimental facility ever built and the largest single machine in the world.

New!!: General relativity and Large Hadron Collider · See more »

Laurent Nottale

Laurent Nottale (born 29 July 1952) is an astrophysicist, a director of research at CNRS, and a researcher at the Paris Observatory.

New!!: General relativity and Laurent Nottale · See more »

Lawrence Paul Horwitz

Lawrence Paul Horwitz (born October 14, 1930) is an American/Israeli physicist and mathematician who has made contributions in particle physics, statistical mechanics, mathematical physics, theory of unstable systems, classical chaos and quantum chaos, relativistic quantum mechanics, quantum field theory, general relativity, representations of quantum theory on hypercomplex Hilbert modules, group theory and functional analysis and stochastic theories of irreversible quantum evolution.

New!!: General relativity and Lawrence Paul Horwitz · See more »

Laws of motion

In physics, a number of noted theories of the motion of objects have developed.

New!!: General relativity and Laws of motion · See more »

Laws of science

The laws of science, scientific laws, or scientific principles are statements that describe or predict a range of phenomena as they appear in nature.

New!!: General relativity and Laws of science · See more »

Le Sage's theory of gravitation

Le Sage's theory of gravitation is a kinetic theory of gravity originally proposed by Nicolas Fatio de Duillier in 1690 and later by Georges-Louis Le Sage in 1748.

New!!: General relativity and Le Sage's theory of gravitation · See more »

Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam

Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) is a German research institute.

New!!: General relativity and Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam · See more »

Lense–Thirring precession

In general relativity, Lense–Thirring precession or the Lense–Thirring effect (named after Josef Lense and Hans Thirring) is a relativistic correction to the precession of a gyroscope near a large rotating mass such as the Earth.

New!!: General relativity and Lense–Thirring precession · See more »

Leonard Cutler

Leonard Cutler (1928–2006), also known as Leonard S. Cutler, was a pioneer and authority on ultra-precise timekeeping devices and standards, and was well known for his work with quantum-mechanical effects.

New!!: General relativity and Leonard Cutler · See more »

Leonard I. Schiff

Leonard Isaac Schiff was born in Fall River, Massachusetts on March 29, 1915 and died on January 21, 1971 in Stanford, California.

New!!: General relativity and Leonard I. Schiff · See more »

Let There Be Light (Howard Smith book)

Let There Be Light: Modern Cosmology and Kabbalah, a New Conversation Between Science and Religion is a book by Howard Smith, an astrophysicist.

New!!: General relativity and Let There Be Light (Howard Smith book) · See more »

Leticia Corral

Leticia Corral (born March 16, 1959) is a Mexican mathematician and materials scientist.

New!!: General relativity and Leticia Corral · See more »

Lewis Ryder

Lewis H. Ryder is a British theoretical physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Lewis Ryder · See more »

LIF

LIF, LiF or Lif may refer to.

New!!: General relativity and LIF · See more »

Light curve

In astronomy, a light curve is a graph of light intensity of a celestial object or region, as a function of time.

New!!: General relativity and Light curve · See more »

Light front holography

In strong interaction physics, light front holography or light front holographic QCD is an approximate version of the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) which results from mapping the gauge theory of QCD to a higher-dimensional anti-de Sitter space (AdS) inspired by the AdS/CFT correspondence (gauge/gravity duality) proposed for string theory.

New!!: General relativity and Light front holography · See more »

Light-dragging effects

In 19th century physics, there were several situations in which the motion of matter might be said to drag light.

New!!: General relativity and Light-dragging effects · See more »

LIGO

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) is a large-scale physics experiment and observatory to detect cosmic gravitational waves and to develop gravitational-wave observations as an astronomical tool.

New!!: General relativity and LIGO · See more »

Line element

In geometry, the line element or length element can be informally thought of as a line segment associated with an infinitesimal displacement vector in a metric space.

New!!: General relativity and Line element · See more »

Linear form

In linear algebra, a linear functional or linear form (also called a one-form or covector) is a linear map from a vector space to its field of scalars.

New!!: General relativity and Linear form · See more »

Linearized gravity

Linearized gravity is an approximation scheme in general relativity in which the nonlinear contributions from the spacetime metric are ignored, simplifying the study of many problems while still producing useful approximate results.

New!!: General relativity and Linearized gravity · See more »

Liouville field theory

In physics, Liouville field theory (or simply Liouville theory) is a two-dimensional conformal field theory whose classical equation of motion is a generalization of Liouville's equation.

New!!: General relativity and Liouville field theory · See more »

Lisa Randall

Lisa Randall (born June 18, 1962) is an American theoretical physicist working in particle physics and cosmology.

New!!: General relativity and Lisa Randall · See more »

List of astronomy acronyms

This is a compilation of initialisms and acronyms commonly used in astronomy.

New!!: General relativity and List of astronomy acronyms · See more »

List of atheists (surnames A to B)

Atheists with surnames starting A and B, sortable by the field for which they are mainly known and nationality.

New!!: General relativity and List of atheists (surnames A to B) · See more »

List of atheists in science and technology

This is a list of atheists in science and technology.

New!!: General relativity and List of atheists in science and technology · See more »

List of Bronx High School of Science alumni

The following is a list of notable people who attended the Bronx High School of Science.

New!!: General relativity and List of Bronx High School of Science alumni · See more »

List of Brooklyn College alumni

This is a list of alumni of Brooklyn College, a senior college of the City University of New York, located in Brooklyn, New York, United States.

New!!: General relativity and List of Brooklyn College alumni · See more »

List of Christians in science and technology

This is a list of Christians in science and technology.

New!!: General relativity and List of Christians in science and technology · See more »

List of contributors to general relativity

This is a partial list of persons who have made major contributions to the development of standard mainstream general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and List of contributors to general relativity · See more »

List of coordinate charts

This article attempts to conveniently list articles on some of the most useful coordinate charts in some of the most useful examples of Riemannian manifolds.

New!!: General relativity and List of coordinate charts · See more »

List of cosmological horizons

A cosmological horizon is a measure of the distance from which one could possibly retrieve information.

New!!: General relativity and List of cosmological horizons · See more »

List of differential geometry topics

This is a list of differential geometry topics.

New!!: General relativity and List of differential geometry topics · See more »

List of discoveries

This article presents a list of discoveries and includes famous observations.

New!!: General relativity and List of discoveries · See more »

List of Dutch inventions and discoveries

The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.

New!!: General relativity and List of Dutch inventions and discoveries · See more »

List of English inventions and discoveries

English inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques invented, innovated or discovered, partially or entirely, in England by a person from England (that is, someone born in England - including to non-English parents - or born abroad with at least one English parent and who had the majority of their education or career in England).

New!!: General relativity and List of English inventions and discoveries · See more »

List of entities named after scientist Karl Schwarzschild

The entities named after the astronomy and relativity scientist Karl Schwarzschild (1873–1916) include the following.

New!!: General relativity and List of entities named after scientist Karl Schwarzschild · See more »

List of formulae involving π

The following is a list of significant formulae involving the mathematical constant pi.

New!!: General relativity and List of formulae involving π · See more »

List of German inventions and discoveries

The following (incomplete) list is composed of items, techniques and processes that were invented by or discovered by people from Germany or German-speaking Europe.

New!!: General relativity and List of German inventions and discoveries · See more »

List of Horizon episodes

Horizon is a current and long-running BBC popular science and philosophy documentary programme.

New!!: General relativity and List of Horizon episodes · See more »

List of hypothetical Solar System objects

A hypothetical Solar System object is a planet, natural satellite or similar body in the Solar System whose existence is not known, but has been inferred from observational scientific evidence.

New!!: General relativity and List of hypothetical Solar System objects · See more »

List of Indian inventions and discoveries

This list of Indian inventions and discoveries details the inventions, scientific discoveries and contributions of ancient and modern India, including both the ancient and medieval nations in the subcontinent historically referred to as India and the modern Indian state.

New!!: General relativity and List of Indian inventions and discoveries · See more »

List of Jewish atheists and agnostics

Based on Jewish law's emphasis on matrilineal descent, even religiously conservative Orthodox Jewish authorities would accept an atheist born to a Jewish mother as fully Jewish.

New!!: General relativity and List of Jewish atheists and agnostics · See more »

List of Kolkata Presidencians

According to the college directory of the University Grants Commission (India) there are eleven colleges that have the word "Presidency College" in their titles.

New!!: General relativity and List of Kolkata Presidencians · See more »

List of letters used in mathematics and science

Latin and Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities.

New!!: General relativity and List of letters used in mathematics and science · See more »

List of mathematical topics in relativity

This is a list of mathematical topics in relativity, by Wikipedia page.

New!!: General relativity and List of mathematical topics in relativity · See more »

List of nonlinear partial differential equations

See also Nonlinear partial differential equation, List of partial differential equation topics and List of nonlinear ordinary differential equations.

New!!: General relativity and List of nonlinear partial differential equations · See more »

List of NYU Tandon School of Engineering people

The following is a partial list of notable NYU Tandon School of Engineering alumni, and current and former faculty.

New!!: General relativity and List of NYU Tandon School of Engineering people · See more »

List of Penguin Classics

This is a list of books published as Penguin Classics.

New!!: General relativity and List of Penguin Classics · See more »

List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field

The following is a list of people who are considered a "father" or "mother" (or "founding father" or "founding mother") of a scientific field.

New!!: General relativity and List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field · See more »

List of relativistic equations

Following is a list of the frequently occurring equations in the theory of special relativity.

New!!: General relativity and List of relativistic equations · See more »

List of Russian astronomers and astrophysicists

This list of Russian astronomers and astrophysicists includes the famous astronomers, astrophysicists and cosmologists from the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.

New!!: General relativity and List of Russian astronomers and astrophysicists · See more »

List of Russian people

This is a list of people associated with the modern Russian Federation, the Soviet Union, Imperial Russia, Russian Tsardom, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and other predecessor states of Russia.

New!!: General relativity and List of Russian people · See more »

List of Russian scientists

Alona Soschen.

New!!: General relativity and List of Russian scientists · See more »

List of scientific laws named after people

This is a list of scientific laws named after people (eponymous laws).

New!!: General relativity and List of scientific laws named after people · See more »

List of scientific publications by Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (1879–1955) was a renowned theoretical physicist of the 20th century, best known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and List of scientific publications by Albert Einstein · See more »

List of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize recipients

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology is one of the highest multidisciplinary science awards in India.

New!!: General relativity and List of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize recipients · See more »

List of Sigma Xi members

This is a list of notable members of the science and engineering honor society Sigma Xi.

New!!: General relativity and List of Sigma Xi members · See more »

List of solar eclipses in the 20th century

This is a list of solar eclipses in the 20th century.

New!!: General relativity and List of solar eclipses in the 20th century · See more »

List of unsolved problems in physics

Some of the major unsolved problems in physics are theoretical, meaning that existing theories seem incapable of explaining a certain observed phenomenon or experimental result.

New!!: General relativity and List of unsolved problems in physics · See more »

List of years in literature

This page gives a chronological list of years in literature (descending order), with notable publications listed with their respective years and a small selection of notable events.

New!!: General relativity and List of years in literature · See more »

Literature of Birmingham

The literary tradition of Birmingham originally grew out of the culture of religious puritanism that developed in the town in the 16th and 17th centuries.

New!!: General relativity and Literature of Birmingham · See more »

Local reference frame

In theoretical physics, a local reference frame (local frame) refers to a coordinate system or frame of reference that is only expected to function over a small region or a restricted region of space or spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Local reference frame · See more »

Local spacetime structure

Local spacetime structure refers to the structure of spacetime on a local level, i.e. only considering those points in an open region of a point.

New!!: General relativity and Local spacetime structure · See more »

Local symmetry

In physics, a local symmetry is symmetry of some physical quantity, which smoothly depends on the point of the base manifold.

New!!: General relativity and Local symmetry · See more »

Lock Yue Chew

Lock Yue Chew is an associate professor in the, Nanyang Technological University.

New!!: General relativity and Lock Yue Chew · See more »

Logic

Logic (from the logikḗ), originally meaning "the word" or "what is spoken", but coming to mean "thought" or "reason", is a subject concerned with the most general laws of truth, and is now generally held to consist of the systematic study of the form of valid inference.

New!!: General relativity and Logic · See more »

Logical positivism

Logical positivism and logical empiricism, which together formed neopositivism, was a movement in Western philosophy whose central thesis was verificationism, a theory of knowledge which asserted that only statements verifiable through empirical observation are cognitively meaningful.

New!!: General relativity and Logical positivism · See more »

Logology (science of science)

Logology ("the science of science") is the study of all aspects of science and of its practitioners—aspects philosophical, biological, psychological, societal, historical, political, institutional, financial.

New!!: General relativity and Logology (science of science) · See more »

Loop quantum gravity

Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a theory of quantum gravity, merging quantum mechanics and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Loop quantum gravity · See more »

Loop representation in gauge theories and quantum gravity

Attempts have been made to describe gauge theories in terms of extended objects such as Wilson loops and holonomies.

New!!: General relativity and Loop representation in gauge theories and quantum gravity · See more »

Loránd Eötvös

Baron Loránd Eötvös de Vásárosnamény (vásárosnaményi báró Eötvös Loránd Ágoston or Loránd Eötvös,; 27 July 1848 – 8 April 1919), more commonly called Baron Roland von Eötvös in English literature, was an Austro-Hungarian physicist of ethnic Hungarian origin.

New!!: General relativity and Loránd Eötvös · See more »

Lorentz covariance

In relativistic physics, Lorentz symmetry, named for Hendrik Lorentz, is an equivalence of observation or observational symmetry due to special relativity implying that the laws of physics stay the same for all observers that are moving with respect to one another within an inertial frame.

New!!: General relativity and Lorentz covariance · See more »

Lorentz ether theory

What is now often called Lorentz ether theory (LET) has its roots in Hendrik Lorentz's "theory of electrons", which was the final point in the development of the classical aether theories at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century.

New!!: General relativity and Lorentz ether theory · See more »

Lorentz force

In physics (particularly in electromagnetism) the Lorentz force is the combination of electric and magnetic force on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields.

New!!: General relativity and Lorentz force · See more »

Lorentz group

In physics and mathematics, the Lorentz group is the group of all Lorentz transformations of Minkowski spacetime, the classical and quantum setting for all (nongravitational) physical phenomena.

New!!: General relativity and Lorentz group · See more »

Lorentz invariance in loop quantum gravity

Lorentz invariance is a measure of universal features in hypothetical loop quantum gravity universes.

New!!: General relativity and Lorentz invariance in loop quantum gravity · See more »

Lorentz scalar

In a relativistic theory of physics, a Lorentz scalar is an expression, formed from items of the theory, which evaluates to a scalar, invariant under any Lorentz transformation.

New!!: General relativity and Lorentz scalar · See more »

Lorentz-violating electrodynamics

Searches for Lorentz violation involving photons are among the best tests of relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Lorentz-violating electrodynamics · See more »

Lovell Telescope

The Lovell Telescope is a radio telescope at Jodrell Bank Observatory, near Goostrey, Cheshire in the north-west of England.

New!!: General relativity and Lovell Telescope · See more »

Lovelock theory of gravity

In theoretical physics, Lovelock's theory of gravity (often referred to as Lovelock gravity) is a generalization of Einstein's theory of general relativity introduced by David Lovelock in 1971.

New!!: General relativity and Lovelock theory of gravity · See more »

Lovelock's theorem

Lovelock's theorem of general relativity says that from a local gravitational action which contains only second derivatives of the four-dimensional spacetime metric, then the only possible equations of motion are the Einstein field equations.

New!!: General relativity and Lovelock's theorem · See more »

Low-dimensional topology

In mathematics, low-dimensional topology is the branch of topology that studies manifolds, or more generally topological spaces, of four or fewer dimensions.

New!!: General relativity and Low-dimensional topology · See more »

Lowell S. Brown

Lowell S. Brown (born 1934) is an American theoretical physicist, a retired Staff Scientist and Laboratory Fellow at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Professor Emeritus of physics at University of Washington.

New!!: General relativity and Lowell S. Brown · See more »

Luciano Rezzolla

Luciano Rezzolla (born 1967) is an Italian professor of relativistic astrophysics and numerical relativity at the Goethe University Frankfurt.

New!!: General relativity and Luciano Rezzolla · See more »

Ludwig Flamm

Ludwig Flamm (29 January 1885 - 4 December 1964) was an Austrian physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Ludwig Flamm · See more »

Ludwig Schlesinger

Ludwig Schlesinger (Hungarian: Lajos Schlesinger, Slovak Ľudovít Schlesinger), (1 November 1864 – 15 December 1933) was a German mathematician known for the research in the field of linear differential equations.

New!!: General relativity and Ludwig Schlesinger · See more »

Ludwik Silberstein

Ludwik Silberstein (1872 – 1948) was a Polish-American physicist who helped make special relativity and general relativity staples of university coursework.

New!!: General relativity and Ludwik Silberstein · See more »

Luigi Bianchi

Luigi Bianchi (18 January 1856 – 6 June 1928) was an Italian mathematician.

New!!: General relativity and Luigi Bianchi · See more »

Luis Herrera Cometta

Luis Alfredo "Gaucho" Herrera Cometta (born December 20, 1946) is a Venezuelan relativity physicist, whose research focuses on the study of anisotropy,L.

New!!: General relativity and Luis Herrera Cometta · See more »

Luis Santaló

Luís Antoni Santaló Sors (October 9, 1911 – November 22, 2001) was a Spanish mathematician.

New!!: General relativity and Luis Santaló · See more »

Luminiferous aether

In the late 19th century, luminiferous aether or ether ("luminiferous", meaning "light-bearing"), was the postulated medium for the propagation of light.

New!!: General relativity and Luminiferous aether · See more »

Lunar distance (astronomy)

Lunar distance (LD or \Delta_), also called Earth–Moon distance, Earth–Moon characteristic distance, or distance to the Moon, is a unit of measure in astronomy.

New!!: General relativity and Lunar distance (astronomy) · See more »

Lunar Laser Ranging experiment

The ongoing Lunar Laser Ranging experiment measures the distance between Earth and the Moon using laser ranging.

New!!: General relativity and Lunar Laser Ranging experiment · See more »

Lunar theory

Lunar theory attempts to account for the motions of the Moon.

New!!: General relativity and Lunar theory · See more »

Luther P. Eisenhart

Luther Pfahler Eisenhart (13 January 1876 – 28 October 1965) was an American mathematician, best known today for his contributions to semi-Riemannian geometry.

New!!: General relativity and Luther P. Eisenhart · See more »

M-theory

M-theory is a theory in physics that unifies all consistent versions of superstring theory.

New!!: General relativity and M-theory · See more »

MacDowell–Mansouri action

The MacDowell–Mansouri action (named after S. W. MacDowell and Freydoon Mansouri) is an action that is used to derive Einstein's field equations of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and MacDowell–Mansouri action · See more »

Mach's principle

In theoretical physics, particularly in discussions of gravitation theories, Mach's principle (or Mach's conjecture) is the name given by Einstein to an imprecise hypothesis often credited to the physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach.

New!!: General relativity and Mach's principle · See more »

Macsyma

Macsyma (Project MAC’s SYmbolic MAnipulator) is one of the oldest general purpose computer algebra systems which is still widely used.

New!!: General relativity and Macsyma · See more »

Magnetic radiation reaction force

The magnetic radiation reaction force is a force on an electromagnet when its magnetic moment changes.

New!!: General relativity and Magnetic radiation reaction force · See more »

Magnetogravitic tensor

In general relativity, the magnetogravitic tensor is one of the three pieces appearing in the Bel decomposition of the Riemann tensor.

New!!: General relativity and Magnetogravitic tensor · See more »

Malcolm Ludvigsen

Malcolm Ludvigsen (born 14 February 1946) is a British mathematician and plein air painter.

New!!: General relativity and Malcolm Ludvigsen · See more »

Malcolm Perry (physicist)

Malcolm John Perry (born 13 November 1951) is a British theoretical physicist and professor of theoretical physics at the University of Cambridge.

New!!: General relativity and Malcolm Perry (physicist) · See more »

Manifest covariance

In general relativity, a manifestly covariant equation is one in which all expressions are tensors.

New!!: General relativity and Manifest covariance · See more »

Manifold

In mathematics, a manifold is a topological space that locally resembles Euclidean space near each point.

New!!: General relativity and Manifold · See more »

Manzoor Ahmad

Manzoor Ahmed, DSc (Urdu: منظور احمد; born 11 March 1934) is a Pakistani scientist and philosopher of science.

New!!: General relativity and Manzoor Ahmad · See more »

Marc Henneaux

Marc Henneaux is a Belgian theoretical physicist and professor at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) who was born in Brussels on March 5, 1955.

New!!: General relativity and Marc Henneaux · See more »

Marcel Grossmann

Marcel Grossmann (Grossmann Marcell, April 9, 1878 – September 7, 1936) was a mathematician and a friend and classmate of Albert Einstein.

New!!: General relativity and Marcel Grossmann · See more »

Marcelo Samuel Berman

Marcelo Samuel Berman (born Buenos Aires, Argentina, 10 April 1945) is an Argentine/Brazilian (double citizenship) theoretical physicist, specializing in relativistic cosmology, and a journalist.

New!!: General relativity and Marcelo Samuel Berman · See more »

March 20

Typically the March equinox falls on this date, marking the vernal point in the Northern Hemisphere and the autumnal point in the Southern Hemisphere.

New!!: General relativity and March 20 · See more »

Mark Trodden

Mark Trodden (born 1968) is a theoretical cosmologist and particle physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Mark Trodden · See more »

Marshall Space Flight Center

The George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), located in Huntsville, Alabama, is the U.S. government's civilian rocketry and spacecraft propulsion research center.

New!!: General relativity and Marshall Space Flight Center · See more »

Mary Brazier

Mary "Mollie" Agnes Burnston Brown Brazier (1904–1995) was a prominent neuroscientist at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).

New!!: General relativity and Mary Brazier · See more »

Mass

Mass is both a property of a physical body and a measure of its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a net force is applied.

New!!: General relativity and Mass · See more »

Mass in general relativity

The concept of mass in general relativity (GR) is more complex than the concept of mass in special relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Mass in general relativity · See more »

Mass in special relativity

Mass in special relativity incorporates the general understandings from the laws of motion of special relativity along with its concept of mass–energy equivalence.

New!!: General relativity and Mass in special relativity · See more »

Mass–energy equivalence

In physics, mass–energy equivalence states that anything having mass has an equivalent amount of energy and vice versa, with these fundamental quantities directly relating to one another by Albert Einstein's famous formula: E.

New!!: General relativity and Mass–energy equivalence · See more »

Massive gravity

In theoretical physics, massive gravity is a theory of gravity that modifies general relativity by endowing the graviton with a nonzero mass.

New!!: General relativity and Massive gravity · See more »

Massless particle

In particle physics, a massless particle is an elementary particle whose invariant mass is zero.

New!!: General relativity and Massless particle · See more »

Mathematical beauty

Mathematical beauty describes the notion that some mathematicians may derive aesthetic pleasure from their work, and from mathematics in general.

New!!: General relativity and Mathematical beauty · See more »

Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field

There are various mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field that are used in the study of electromagnetism, one of the four fundamental interactions of nature.

New!!: General relativity and Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field · See more »

Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model

This article describes the mathematics of the Standard Model of particle physics, a gauge quantum field theory containing the internal symmetries of the unitary product group.

New!!: General relativity and Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model · See more »

Mathematical model

A mathematical model is a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language.

New!!: General relativity and Mathematical model · See more »

Mathematical physics

Mathematical physics refers to the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics.

New!!: General relativity and Mathematical physics · See more »

Mathematics

Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.

New!!: General relativity and Mathematics · See more »

Mathematics of general relativity

The mathematics of general relativity refers to various mathematical structures and techniques that are used in studying and formulating Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Mathematics of general relativity · See more »

Mathieu function

In mathematics, the Mathieu functions are certain special functions useful for treating a variety of problems in applied mathematics, including.

New!!: General relativity and Mathieu function · See more »

Mathisson–Papapetrou–Dixon equations

In physics, specifically general relativity, the Mathisson–Papapetrou–Dixon equations describe the motion of a spinning massive object, moving in a gravitational field.

New!!: General relativity and Mathisson–Papapetrou–Dixon equations · See more »

Matt Visser

Matt Visser is a mathematics Professor at Victoria University of Wellington.

New!!: General relativity and Matt Visser · See more »

Matter

In the classical physics observed in everyday life, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume.

New!!: General relativity and Matter · See more »

Matter wave clock

A matter wave clock is a type of clock whose principle of operation makes use of the apparent wavelike properties of matter.

New!!: General relativity and Matter wave clock · See more »

Mauri Valtonen

Mauri Valtonen is a Finnish astronomer and professor at the University of Turku.

New!!: General relativity and Mauri Valtonen · See more »

Mauro Francaviglia

Mauro Francaviglia (22 June 1953 – 24 June 2013) was an Italian mathematician born in Torino.

New!!: General relativity and Mauro Francaviglia · See more »

Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics

The Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) is a Max Planck Institute whose research is aimed at investigating Einstein’s theory of relativity and beyond: Mathematics, quantum gravity, astrophysical relativity, and gravitational wave astronomy.

New!!: General relativity and Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics · See more »

Maxwell's equations

Maxwell's equations are a set of partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of classical electromagnetism, classical optics, and electric circuits.

New!!: General relativity and Maxwell's equations · See more »

Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime

In physics, Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime govern the dynamics of the electromagnetic field in curved spacetime (where the metric may not be the Minkowski metric) or where one uses an arbitrary (not necessarily Cartesian) coordinate system.

New!!: General relativity and Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime · See more »

May 1916

The following events occurred in May 1916.

New!!: General relativity and May 1916 · See more »

May 29

No description.

New!!: General relativity and May 29 · See more »

Mazer in Prison

"Mazer in Prison" is a story by Orson Scott Card set in his Ender's Game universe.

New!!: General relativity and Mazer in Prison · See more »

MDK (video game)

MDK is a 1997 third-person shooter video game developed by Shiny Entertainment for Microsoft Windows.

New!!: General relativity and MDK (video game) · See more »

Mechanical explanations of gravitation

Mechanical explanations of gravitation (or kinetic theories of gravitation) are attempts to explain the action of gravity by aid of basic mechanical processes, such as pressure forces caused by pushes, without the use of any action at a distance.

New!!: General relativity and Mechanical explanations of gravitation · See more »

Mechanics

Mechanics (Greek μηχανική) is that area of science concerned with the behaviour of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effects of the bodies on their environment.

New!!: General relativity and Mechanics · See more »

Mendel Sachs

Mendel Sachs (April 13, 1927 – May 5, 2012) was an American theoretical physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Mendel Sachs · See more »

Mercury (planet)

Mercury is the smallest and innermost planet in the Solar System.

New!!: General relativity and Mercury (planet) · See more »

Metre

The metre (British spelling and BIPM spelling) or meter (American spelling) (from the French unit mètre, from the Greek noun μέτρον, "measure") is the base unit of length in some metric systems, including the International System of Units (SI).

New!!: General relativity and Metre · See more »

Metric (mathematics)

In mathematics, a metric or distance function is a function that defines a distance between each pair of elements of a set.

New!!: General relativity and Metric (mathematics) · See more »

Metric connection

In mathematics, a metric connection is a connection in a vector bundle E equipped with a bundle metric; that is, a metric for which the inner product of any two vectors will remain the same when those vectors are parallel transported along any curve.

New!!: General relativity and Metric connection · See more »

Metric tensor (general relativity)

In general relativity, the metric tensor (in this context often abbreviated to simply the metric) is the fundamental object of study.

New!!: General relativity and Metric tensor (general relativity) · See more »

Metric-affine gravitation theory

In comparison with General Relativity, dynamic variables of metric-affine gravitation theory are both a pseudo-Riemannian metric and a general linear connection on a world manifold X. Metric-affine gravitation theory has been suggested as a natural generalization of Einstein–Cartan theory of gravity with torsion where a linear connection obeys the condition that a covariant derivative of a metric equals zero.

New!!: General relativity and Metric-affine gravitation theory · See more »

Michał Heller

Michał Kazimierz Heller (born 12 March 1936 in Tarnów) is a Polish professor of philosophy at the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Kraków, Poland, and an adjunct member of the Vatican Observatory staff.

New!!: General relativity and Michał Heller · See more »

Michelson interferometer

The Michelson interferometer is a common configuration for optical interferometry and was invented by Albert Abraham Michelson.

New!!: General relativity and Michelson interferometer · See more »

Michiel van der Klis

Michiel Baldur Maximiliaan van der Klis (born 9 June 1953) is a Dutch astronomer best known for his work on extreme 'pairings' of stars called X-ray binaries, more particularly his explanation of the occurrence of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in these systems and his discovery of the first millisecond X-ray pulsar.

New!!: General relativity and Michiel van der Klis · See more »

Micro black hole

Micro black holes, also called quantum mechanical black holes or mini black holes, are hypothetical tiny black holes, for which quantum mechanical effects play an important role.

New!!: General relativity and Micro black hole · See more »

MicroFUN

The Microlensing Follow-Up Network (μFUN, pronounced "micro-fun") is an informal group of observers who monitor high magnification gravitational microlensing events in the Milky Way's Galactic Bulge.

New!!: General relativity and MicroFUN · See more »

Microsecond

A microsecond is an SI unit of time equal to one millionth (0.000001 or 10−6 or 1/1,000,000) of a second.

New!!: General relativity and Microsecond · See more »

Miguel Alcubierre

Miguel Alcubierre Moya (born March 28, 1964) is a Mexican theoretical physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Miguel Alcubierre · See more »

Milankovitch cycles

Milankovitch cycles describe the collective effects of changes in the Earth's movements on its climate over thousands of years.

New!!: General relativity and Milankovitch cycles · See more »

Milne model

The Milne model was a special-relativistic cosmological model proposed by Edward Arthur Milne in 1935.

New!!: General relativity and Milne model · See more »

Minimal surface

In mathematics, a minimal surface is a surface that locally minimizes its area.

New!!: General relativity and Minimal surface · See more »

Minkowski space

In mathematical physics, Minkowski space (or Minkowski spacetime) is a combining of three-dimensional Euclidean space and time into a four-dimensional manifold where the spacetime interval between any two events is independent of the inertial frame of reference in which they are recorded.

New!!: General relativity and Minkowski space · See more »

Mixed anomaly

In theoretical physics, a mixed anomaly is an example of an anomaly: it is an effect of quantum mechanics — usually a one-loop diagram — that implies that the classically valid general covariance and gauge symmetry of a theory of general relativity combined with gauge fields and fermionic fields cannot be preserved simultaneously in the quantum theory.

New!!: General relativity and Mixed anomaly · See more »

Mixmaster universe

The Mixmaster universe (named after Sunbeam Mixmaster, a brand of Sunbeam Products electric kitchen mixer) is a solution to Einstein field equations of general relativity studied by Charles Misner in an effort to better understand the dynamics of the early universe.

New!!: General relativity and Mixmaster universe · See more »

Models of scientific inquiry

In the philosophy of science, models of scientific inquiry have two functions: first, to provide a descriptive account of how scientific inquiry is carried out in practice, and second, to provide an explanatory account of why scientific inquiry succeeds as well as it appears to do in arriving at genuine knowledge.

New!!: General relativity and Models of scientific inquiry · See more »

Modern history

Modern history, the modern period or the modern era, is the linear, global, historiographical approach to the time frame after post-classical history.

New!!: General relativity and Modern history · See more »

Modern searches for Lorentz violation

Modern searches for Lorentz violation are scientific studies that look for deviations from Lorentz invariance or symmetry, a set of fundamental frameworks that underpin modern science and fundamental physics in particular.

New!!: General relativity and Modern searches for Lorentz violation · See more »

Mohammad Khorrami

Mohammad Khorrami, an Iranian mathematical physicist (born October 4, 1966, Tehran) is professor of physics at Alzahra University, Tehran.

New!!: General relativity and Mohammad Khorrami · See more »

Momentum

In Newtonian mechanics, linear momentum, translational momentum, or simply momentum (pl. momenta) is the product of the mass and velocity of an object.

New!!: General relativity and Momentum · See more »

Monochromatic electromagnetic plane wave

In general relativity, the monochromatic electromagnetic plane wave spacetime is the analog of the monochromatic plane waves known from Maxwell's theory.

New!!: General relativity and Monochromatic electromagnetic plane wave · See more »

Moon Express

Moon Express (MoonEx), is an American privately held early-stage company formed by a group of Silicon Valley and space entrepreneurs, with the goal winning the Google Lunar X Prize, and of ultimately mining the Moon for natural resources of economic value.

New!!: General relativity and Moon Express · See more »

MoonLIGHT

MoonLIGHT, also called Lunar Laser Ranging Retroreflector Array for the 21st Century (LLRRA-21), is a laser retroreflector to be deployed near the south pole of the Moon.

New!!: General relativity and MoonLIGHT · See more »

Moritz Schlick

Friedrich Albert Moritz Schlick (April 14, 1882 – June 22, 1936) was a German philosopher, physicist, and the founding father of logical positivism and the Vienna Circle.

New!!: General relativity and Moritz Schlick · See more »

Moshe Carmeli

Moshe Carmeli (משה כרמלי, 1933–2007) was the Albert Einstein Professor of Theoretical Physics, Ben Gurion University (BGU), Beer Sheva, Israel and President of the Israel Physical Society.

New!!: General relativity and Moshe Carmeli · See more »

Motion (physics)

In physics, motion is a change in position of an object over time.

New!!: General relativity and Motion (physics) · See more »

Moving frame

In mathematics, a moving frame is a flexible generalization of the notion of an ordered basis of a vector space often used to study the extrinsic differential geometry of smooth manifolds embedded in a homogeneous space.

New!!: General relativity and Moving frame · See more »

Mu-Tao Wang

Mu-Tao Wang is a Taiwanese mathematician and current Professor of Mathematics at Columbia University.

New!!: General relativity and Mu-Tao Wang · See more »

Muhammad Raziuddin Siddiqui

Muhammad Raziuddin Siddiqui, FPAS, NI, HI, SI, PhD (Urdu:,; 8 January 1908 – 8 January 1998), also known as Dr.

New!!: General relativity and Muhammad Raziuddin Siddiqui · See more »

Muhammad Sharif (cosmologist)

Muhammad Sharif (cosmologist) (Urdu: محمد شريف) (15 June 1962), ''TI'', ''FPAS'', is a Pakistani professor, specialised in mathematical physics and cosmology.

New!!: General relativity and Muhammad Sharif (cosmologist) · See more »

Multilinear algebra

In mathematics, multilinear algebra extends the methods of linear algebra.

New!!: General relativity and Multilinear algebra · See more »

Multiple time dimensions

The possibility that there might be more than one dimension of time has occasionally been discussed in physics and philosophy.

New!!: General relativity and Multiple time dimensions · See more »

Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory

The Murchison Radio-Astronomy Observatory (MRO) is a designated radio quiet zone located near Boolardy station in Western Australia.

New!!: General relativity and Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory · See more »

Myron Mathisson

Myron Mathisson (December 4, 1897 – September 13, 1940) was a theoretical physicist of Polish and Jewish descent.

New!!: General relativity and Myron Mathisson · See more »

N-body problem

In physics, the -body problem is the problem of predicting the individual motions of a group of celestial objects interacting with each other gravitationally.

New!!: General relativity and N-body problem · See more »

N-body simulation

In physics and astronomy, an N-body simulation is a simulation of a dynamical system of particles, usually under the influence of physical forces, such as gravity (see ''n''-body problem).

New!!: General relativity and N-body simulation · See more »

Naked singularity

In general relativity, a naked singularity is a gravitational singularity without an event horizon.

New!!: General relativity and Naked singularity · See more »

Nalin de Silva

Thakurartha Devadithya Guardiyawasam Lindamulage Nalin Kumara de Silva (Sinhala: නලින් ද සිල්වා; 20 October 1944) is a Sri Lankan philosopher, a scientist and a political analyst.

New!!: General relativity and Nalin de Silva · See more »

Natural science

Natural science is a branch of science concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation.

New!!: General relativity and Natural science · See more »

Natural units

In physics, natural units are physical units of measurement based only on universal physical constants.

New!!: General relativity and Natural units · See more »

Negative energy

Negative energy is a concept used in physics to explain the nature of certain fields, including the gravitational field and various quantum field effects.

New!!: General relativity and Negative energy · See more »

Negative mass

In theoretical physics, negative mass is matter whose mass is of opposite sign to the mass of normal matter, e.g. −1 kg.

New!!: General relativity and Negative mass · See more »

Neil Ashby

Neil Ashby (born March 5, 1934 in Dalhart, Texas) is an American physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Neil Ashby · See more »

Neil Jordan

Neil Patrick Jordan (born 25 February 1950) is an Irish film director, screenwriter, novelist and short-story writer.

New!!: General relativity and Neil Jordan · See more »

Nergis Mavalvala

Nergis Mavalvala is a Pakistani-American astrophysicist known for her role in the first observation of gravitational waves.

New!!: General relativity and Nergis Mavalvala · See more »

Neutron star

A neutron star is the collapsed core of a large star which before collapse had a total of between 10 and 29 solar masses.

New!!: General relativity and Neutron star · See more »

Newcomb's Tables of the Sun

Newcomb's Tables of the Sun is the short title and running head of a work by the American astronomer and mathematician Simon Newcomb entitled "Tables of the Motion of the Earth on its Axis and Around the Sun" on pages 1–169 of "Tables of the Four Inner Planets" (1895), volume VI of the serial publication Astronomical Papers Prepared for the Use of the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac.

New!!: General relativity and Newcomb's Tables of the Sun · See more »

Newman–Penrose formalism

The Newman–Penrose (NP) formalism The original paper by Newman and Penrose, which introduces the formalism, and uses it to derive example results.

New!!: General relativity and Newman–Penrose formalism · See more »

Newton's identities

In mathematics, Newton's identities, also known as the Newton–Girard formulae, give relations between two types of symmetric polynomials, namely between power sums and elementary symmetric polynomials.

New!!: General relativity and Newton's identities · See more »

Newton's law of universal gravitation

Newton's law of universal gravitation states that a particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

New!!: General relativity and Newton's law of universal gravitation · See more »

Newton's laws of motion

Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that, together, laid the foundation for classical mechanics.

New!!: General relativity and Newton's laws of motion · See more »

Newton's theorem of revolving orbits

In classical mechanics, Newton's theorem of revolving orbits identifies the type of central force needed to multiply the angular speed of a particle by a factor k without affecting its radial motion (Figures 1 and 2).

New!!: General relativity and Newton's theorem of revolving orbits · See more »

Newton–Cartan theory

Newton–Cartan theory (or geometrized Newtonian gravitation) is a geometrical re-formulation, as well as a generalization, of Newtonian gravity first introduced by Élie Cartan and Kurt Friedrichs and later developed by Dautcourt, Dixon, Dombrowski and Horneffer, Ehlers, Havas, Künzle, Lottermoser, Trautman, and others.

New!!: General relativity and Newton–Cartan theory · See more »

Newtonian gauge

In general relativity, Newtonian gauge is a perturbed form of the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker line element.

New!!: General relativity and Newtonian gauge · See more »

Newtonian limit

In physics, the Newtonian limit is a mathematical approximation applicable to physical systems exhibiting (1) weak gravitation, (2) objects moving slowly compared to the speed of light, and (3) slowly changing (or completely static) gravitational fields.

New!!: General relativity and Newtonian limit · See more »

Newtonian motivations for general relativity

Some of the basic concepts of general relativity can be outlined outside the relativistic domain.

New!!: General relativity and Newtonian motivations for general relativity · See more »

Ni Wei-Tou

Ni Wei-Tou (born 1944 in Zhenhai, Ningbo, Zhejiang) is a Taiwanese physicist, who graduated from the Department of Physics of National Taiwan University (NTU), and got his PhD of Physics & Mathematics from California Institute of Technology.

New!!: General relativity and Ni Wei-Tou · See more »

Nibiru Sociedad Astronómica

Logo introduced in 2010.

New!!: General relativity and Nibiru Sociedad Astronómica · See more »

Nicholas B. Suntzeff

Nicholas B. Suntzeff (born November 22, 1952, San Francisco) is an American University Distinguished Professor and holds the Mitchell/Heep/Munnerlyn Chair of Observational Astronomy in the Department of Physics & Astronomy at Texas A&M University where he is Director of the Astronomy Program.

New!!: General relativity and Nicholas B. Suntzeff · See more »

Nicolas Rashevsky

Nicolas Rashevsky (November 9, 1899 – January 16, 1972) was an American theoretical physicist who was one of the pioneers of mathematical biology, and is also considered the father of mathematical biophysics and theoretical biology.

New!!: General relativity and Nicolas Rashevsky · See more »

Nikodem Popławski

Nikodem Janusz Popławski (born March 1, 1975) is a theoretical physicist, most widely noted for the hypothesis that every black hole could be a doorway to another universe and that the universe was formed within a black hole which itself exists in a larger universe.

New!!: General relativity and Nikodem Popławski · See more »

No-hair theorem

The no-hair theorem postulates that all black hole solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations of gravitation and electromagnetism in general relativity can be completely characterized by only three externally observable classical parameters: mass, electric charge, and angular momentum.

New!!: General relativity and No-hair theorem · See more »

Nobel Prize controversies

After his death in 1896, the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel established the Nobel Prizes.

New!!: General relativity and Nobel Prize controversies · See more »

Noether's theorem

Noether's (first) theorem states that every differentiable symmetry of the action of a physical system has a corresponding conservation law.

New!!: General relativity and Noether's theorem · See more »

Non-relativistic spacetime

In physics, a non-relativistic spacetime is any mathematical model that fuses n–dimensional space and m–dimensional time into a single continuum other than the (3+1) model used in relativity theory.

New!!: General relativity and Non-relativistic spacetime · See more »

Non-standard cosmology

A non-standard cosmology is any physical cosmological model of the universe that was, or still is, proposed as an alternative to the then-current standard model of cosmology.

New!!: General relativity and Non-standard cosmology · See more »

Noncommutative quantum field theory

In mathematical physics, noncommutative quantum field theory (or quantum field theory on noncommutative spacetime) is an application of noncommutative mathematics to the spacetime of quantum field theory that is an outgrowth of noncommutative geometry and index theory in which the coordinate functions are noncommutative.

New!!: General relativity and Noncommutative quantum field theory · See more »

Noncommutative standard model

In theoretical particle physics, the non-commutative Standard Model, mainly due to the French mathematician Alain Connes, uses his noncommutative geometry to devise an extension of the Standard Model to include a modified form of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Noncommutative standard model · See more »

Nonlinear Dirac equation

In quantum field theory, the nonlinear Dirac equation is a model of self-interacting Dirac fermions.

New!!: General relativity and Nonlinear Dirac equation · See more »

Nonlinear system

In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input.

New!!: General relativity and Nonlinear system · See more »

Nonsymmetric gravitational theory

In theoretical physics, the nonsymmetric gravitational theory (NGT) of John Moffat is a classical theory of gravitation that tries to explain the observation of the flat rotation curves of galaxies.

New!!: General relativity and Nonsymmetric gravitational theory · See more »

Nordström's theory of gravitation

In theoretical physics, Nordström's theory of gravitation was a predecessor of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Nordström's theory of gravitation · See more »

Normal coordinates

In differential geometry, normal coordinates at a point p in a differentiable manifold equipped with a symmetric affine connection are a local coordinate system in a neighborhood of p obtained by applying the exponential map to the tangent space at p. In a normal coordinate system, the Christoffel symbols of the connection vanish at the point p, thus often simplifying local calculations.

New!!: General relativity and Normal coordinates · See more »

North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves

The North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) is a consortium of astronomers who share a common goal of detecting gravitational waves via regular observations of an ensemble of millisecond pulsars using the Green Bank and Arecibo radio telescopes.

New!!: General relativity and North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves · See more »

North West Cambridge development

The North West Cambridge development is a University of Cambridge site to the north west of Cambridge city centre in England.

New!!: General relativity and North West Cambridge development · See more »

November 1915

The following events occurred in November 1915.

New!!: General relativity and November 1915 · See more »

Novikov self-consistency principle

The Novikov self-consistency principle, also known as the Novikov self-consistency conjecture and Larry Niven's law of conservation of history, is a principle developed by Russian physicist Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov in the mid-1980s.

New!!: General relativity and Novikov self-consistency principle · See more »

Numerical relativity

Numerical relativity is one of the branches of general relativity that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems.

New!!: General relativity and Numerical relativity · See more »

Nuts and bolts (general relativity)

In physics, in the theory of general relativity, spacetimes with at least a 1-parameter group of isometries can be classified according to the fixed point-sets of the action.

New!!: General relativity and Nuts and bolts (general relativity) · See more »

Objections to evolution

Objections to evolution have been raised since evolutionary ideas came to prominence in the 19th century.

New!!: General relativity and Objections to evolution · See more »

Objective collapse theory

Objective collapse theories, also known as quantum mechanical spontaneous localization models (QMSL), are an approach to the interpretational problems of quantum mechanics.

New!!: General relativity and Objective collapse theory · See more »

Observable universe

The observable universe is a spherical region of the Universe comprising all matter that can be observed from Earth at the present time, because electromagnetic radiation from these objects has had time to reach Earth since the beginning of the cosmological expansion.

New!!: General relativity and Observable universe · See more »

Observational astronomy

Observational astronomy is a division of astronomy that is concerned with recording data about the observable universe, in contrast with theoretical astronomy, which is mainly concerned with calculating the measurable implications of physical models.

New!!: General relativity and Observational astronomy · See more »

Observational cosmology

Observational cosmology is the study of the structure, the evolution and the origin of the universe through observation, using instruments such as telescopes and cosmic ray detectors.

New!!: General relativity and Observational cosmology · See more »

Observer (physics)

The term observer has a number of non-equivalent uses in science.

New!!: General relativity and Observer (physics) · See more »

Observer (special relativity)

In special relativity, an observer is a frame of reference from which a set of objects or events are being measured.

New!!: General relativity and Observer (special relativity) · See more »

Occhialini Prize

The Occhialini Medal and Prize was instituted in 2007 by the Italian Physical Society together with the Institute of Physics.

New!!: General relativity and Occhialini Prize · See more »

OJ 287

OJ 287 is a BL Lac object located 3.5 billion light-years away that has produced quasi-periodic optical outbursts going back approximately 120 years, as first apparent on photographic plates from 1891.

New!!: General relativity and OJ 287 · See more »

Olbers' paradox

In astrophysics and physical cosmology, Olbers' paradox, named after the German astronomer Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers (1758–1840), also known as the "dark night sky paradox", is the argument that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe.

New!!: General relativity and Olbers' paradox · See more »

Oleg D. Jefimenko

Oleg Dmitrovich Jefimenko (October 14, 1922, Kharkiv, Ukraine – May 14, 2009, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States) was a physicist and Professor Emeritus at West Virginia University.

New!!: General relativity and Oleg D. Jefimenko · See more »

One-way speed of light

When using the term 'the speed of light' it is sometimes necessary to make the distinction between its one-way speed and its two-way speed.

New!!: General relativity and One-way speed of light · See more »

Optical scalars

In general relativity, optical scalars refer to a set of three scalar functions \ describing the propagation of a geodesic null congruence.

New!!: General relativity and Optical scalars · See more »

Orbit

In physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved trajectory of an object, such as the trajectory of a planet around a star or a natural satellite around a planet.

New!!: General relativity and Orbit · See more »

Orbital elements

Orbital elements are the parameters required to uniquely identify a specific orbit.

New!!: General relativity and Orbital elements · See more »

Orbital mechanics

Orbital mechanics or astrodynamics is the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to the practical problems concerning the motion of rockets and other spacecraft.

New!!: General relativity and Orbital mechanics · See more »

Orbital period

The orbital period is the time a given astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object, and applies in astronomy usually to planets or asteroids orbiting the Sun, moons orbiting planets, exoplanets orbiting other stars, or binary stars.

New!!: General relativity and Orbital period · See more »

Orbiter (simulator)

Orbiter is a freeware space flight simulator program developed to simulate spaceflight using realistic Newtonian physics.

New!!: General relativity and Orbiter (simulator) · See more »

Orchestrated objective reduction

Orchestrated objective reduction (Orch-OR) is a hypothesis that consciousness in the brain originates from processes inside neurons, rather than from connections between neurons (the conventional view).

New!!: General relativity and Orchestrated objective reduction · See more »

Orfeu Bertolami

Orfeu Bertolami in Lisboa --> Orfeu Bertolami (São Paulo, Brazil, 1959) is a theoretical physicist who works in problems of astrophysics, cosmology, general relativity and quantum gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Orfeu Bertolami · See more »

Orientability

In mathematics, orientability is a property of surfaces in Euclidean space that measures whether it is possible to make a consistent choice of surface normal vector at every point.

New!!: General relativity and Orientability · See more »

Otto Heckmann

Otto Hermann Leopold Heckmann (June 23, 1901 – May 13, 1983) was a German astronomer.

New!!: General relativity and Otto Heckmann · See more »

Otto von Guericke

Otto von Guericke (originally spelled Gericke,; November 20, 1602 – May 11, 1686 (Julian calendar); November 30, 1602 – May 21, 1686 (Gregorian calendar)) was a German scientist, inventor, and politician.

New!!: General relativity and Otto von Guericke · See more »

Outline of Albert Einstein

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Albert Einstein: Albert Einstein – deceased German-born theoretical physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Outline of Albert Einstein · See more »

Outline of astronomy

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to astronomy: Astronomy – studies the universe beyond Earth, including its formation and development, and the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects (such as galaxies, planets, etc.) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as the cosmic background radiation).

New!!: General relativity and Outline of astronomy · See more »

Outline of black holes

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to black holes: Black hole – mathematically defined region of spacetime exhibiting such a strong gravitational pull that no particle or electromagnetic radiation can escape from it.

New!!: General relativity and Outline of black holes · See more »

Outline of physics

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to physics: Physics – natural science that involves the study of matterRichard Feynman begins his ''Lectures'' with the atomic hypothesis, as his most compact statement of all scientific knowledge: "If, in some cataclysm, all of scientific knowledge were to be destroyed, and only one sentence passed on to the next generations..., what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is...

New!!: General relativity and Outline of physics · See more »

P. R. Wallace

P.

New!!: General relativity and P. R. Wallace · See more »

Palatini identity

In general relativity and tensor calculus, the Palatini identity is: where \delta \Gamma^\rho_ denotes the variation of Christoffel symbols and \nabla_\rho indicates covariant differentiation.

New!!: General relativity and Palatini identity · See more »

Palatini variation

In general relativity and gravitation the Palatini variation is nowadays thought of as a variation of a Lagrangian with respect to the connection.

New!!: General relativity and Palatini variation · See more »

Pantur Silaban

Pantur Silaban is one of the foremost physicists in Indonesia, especially in the field of theoretical physics.

New!!: General relativity and Pantur Silaban · See more »

Paradigm shift

A paradigm shift (also radical theory change), a concept identified by the American physicist and philosopher Thomas Kuhn (1922–1996), is a fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices of a scientific discipline.

New!!: General relativity and Paradigm shift · See more »

Paradox of radiation of charged particles in a gravitational field

The paradox of a charge in a gravitational field is an apparent physical paradox in the context of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Paradox of radiation of charged particles in a gravitational field · See more »

Parametrization

Parametrization (or parameterization; also parameterisation, parametrisation) is the process of finding parametric equations of a curve, a surface, or, more generally, a manifold or a variety, defined by an implicit equation.

New!!: General relativity and Parametrization · See more »

Particle Data Group

The Particle Data Group (or PDG) is an international collaboration of particle physicists that compiles and reanalyzes published results related to the properties of particles and fundamental interactions.

New!!: General relativity and Particle Data Group · See more »

Particle physics

Particle physics (also high energy physics) is the branch of physics that studies the nature of the particles that constitute matter and radiation.

New!!: General relativity and Particle physics · See more »

Particle physics and representation theory

There is a natural connection between particle physics and representation theory, as first noted in the 1930s by Eugene Wigner.

New!!: General relativity and Particle physics and representation theory · See more »

Patrick Aidan Heelan

Patrick Aidan Heelan, S.J. (17 March 1926 – 1 February 2015) was an Irish-American Jesuit priest, physicist, and philosopher of science.

New!!: General relativity and Patrick Aidan Heelan · See more »

Patrick du Val

Patrick du Val (March 26, 1903 – January 22, 1987) was a British mathematician, known for his work on algebraic geometry, differential geometry, and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Patrick du Val · See more »

Paul Dirac

Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (8 August 1902 – 20 October 1984) was an English theoretical physicist who is regarded as one of the most significant physicists of the 20th century.

New!!: General relativity and Paul Dirac · See more »

Paul G. Abel

Paul G. Abel (born 1979) is a British astronomer, mathematician, broadcaster and writer.

New!!: General relativity and Paul G. Abel · See more »

Paul Lazarsfeld

Paul Felix Lazarsfeld (February 13, 1901 – August 30, 1976) was an Austrian-American sociologist.

New!!: General relativity and Paul Lazarsfeld · See more »

Paul Lorenzen

Paul Lorenzen (March 24, 1915 – October 1, 1994) was a German philosopher and mathematician, founder of the Erlangen School (with Wilhelm Kamlah) and inventor of game semantics (with Kuno Lorenz).

New!!: General relativity and Paul Lorenzen · See more »

Paul Painlevé

Paul Painlevé (5 December 1863 – 29 October 1933) was a French mathematician and statesman.

New!!: General relativity and Paul Painlevé · See more »

Paul S. Wesson

Paul S. Wesson, B.Sc., Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.A.S (September 11, 1949 – September 16, 2015) was a professor of astrophysics and theoretical physics.

New!!: General relativity and Paul S. Wesson · See more »

Pauli exclusion principle

The Pauli exclusion principle is the quantum mechanical principle which states that two or more identical fermions (particles with half-integer spin) cannot occupy the same quantum state within a quantum system simultaneously.

New!!: General relativity and Pauli exclusion principle · See more »

Pedro G. Ferreira

Pedro Gil Ferreira (born 18 March 1968) is a British/Portuguese astrophysicist and author.

New!!: General relativity and Pedro G. Ferreira · See more »

Peeling theorem

In general relativity, the peeling theorem describes the asymptotic behavior of the Weyl tensor as one goes to.

New!!: General relativity and Peeling theorem · See more »

Penrose interpretation

The Penrose interpretation is a prediction by Sir Roger Penrose (born 1931) about the relationship between quantum mechanics and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Penrose interpretation · See more »

Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems

The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems are a set of results in general relativity that attempt to answer the question of when gravitation produces singularities.

New!!: General relativity and Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems · See more »

Perfect fluid

In physics, a perfect fluid is a fluid that can be completely characterized by its rest frame mass density \rho_m; and isotropic pressure p. Real fluids are "sticky" and contain (and conduct) heat.

New!!: General relativity and Perfect fluid · See more »

Perturbation theory

Perturbation theory comprises mathematical methods for finding an approximate solution to a problem, by starting from the exact solution of a related, simpler problem.

New!!: General relativity and Perturbation theory · See more »

Peter Bergmann

Peter Gabriel Bergmann (Berlin, 24 March 1915 – Seattle, 19 October 2002) was a German-American physicist of Jewish origins best known for his work with Albert Einstein on a unified field theory encompassing all physical interactions.

New!!: General relativity and Peter Bergmann · See more »

Peter C. Aichelburg

Peter C. Aichelburg (born 9 November 1941) is an Austrian physicist well known for his contributions to general relativity, particularly for his joint work with Roman Sexl on the Aichelburg–Sexl ultraboost of the Schwarzschild vacuum.

New!!: General relativity and Peter C. Aichelburg · See more »

Peter van Nieuwenhuizen

Peter van Nieuwenhuizen (born October 26, 1938) is a Dutch physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Peter van Nieuwenhuizen · See more »

Peter West (physicist)

Peter Christopher West, born on 4 December 1951, is a British theoretical physicist at King's College, London and a fellow of the Royal Society.

New!!: General relativity and Peter West (physicist) · See more »

Peter Westervelt

Peter Westervelt (December 16, 1919 – January 24, 2015) was an American physicist, noted for his work in nonlinear acoustics, and Professor Emeritus of Physics at Brown University.

New!!: General relativity and Peter Westervelt · See more »

Petr Hořava (theorist)

Petr Hořava is a Czech string theorist.

New!!: General relativity and Petr Hořava (theorist) · See more »

Petrov classification

In differential geometry and theoretical physics, the Petrov classification (also known as Petrov–Pirani–Penrose classification) describes the possible algebraic symmetries of the Weyl tensor at each event in a Lorentzian manifold.

New!!: General relativity and Petrov classification · See more »

Phase space

In dynamical system theory, a phase space is a space in which all possible states of a system are represented, with each possible state corresponding to one unique point in the phase space.

New!!: General relativity and Phase space · See more »

Philosophy of physics

In philosophy, philosophy of physics deals with conceptual and interpretational issues in modern physics, and often overlaps with research done by certain kinds of theoretical physicists.

New!!: General relativity and Philosophy of physics · See more »

Philosophy of science

Philosophy of science is a sub-field of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science.

New!!: General relativity and Philosophy of science · See more »

Photon

The photon is a type of elementary particle, the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force (even when static via virtual particles).

New!!: General relativity and Photon · See more »

Physical constant

A physical constant, sometimes fundamental physical constant or universal constant, is a physical quantity that is generally believed to be both universal in nature and have constant value in time.

New!!: General relativity and Physical constant · See more »

Physical cosmology

Physical cosmology is the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the Universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate.

New!!: General relativity and Physical cosmology · See more »

Physical law

A physical law or scientific law is a theoretical statement "inferred from particular facts, applicable to a defined group or class of phenomena, and expressible by the statement that a particular phenomenon always occurs if certain conditions be present." Physical laws are typically conclusions based on repeated scientific experiments and observations over many years and which have become accepted universally within the scientific community.

New!!: General relativity and Physical law · See more »

Physical paradox

A physical paradox is an apparent contradiction in physical descriptions of the universe.

New!!: General relativity and Physical paradox · See more »

Physical theories modified by general relativity

This article will use the Einstein summation convention. The theory of general relativity required the adaptation of existing theories of physical, electromagnetic, and quantum effects to account for non-Euclidean geometries.

New!!: General relativity and Physical theories modified by general relativity · See more »

Physics

Physics (from knowledge of nature, from φύσις phýsis "nature") is the natural science that studies matterAt the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another..." and its motion and behavior through space and time and that studies the related entities of energy and force."Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves."Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves."Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena.""Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Over the last two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy. Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.

New!!: General relativity and Physics · See more »

Physics beyond the Standard Model

Physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) refers to the theoretical developments needed to explain the deficiencies of the Standard Model, such as the origin of mass, the strong CP problem, neutrino oscillations, matter–antimatter asymmetry, and the nature of dark matter and dark energy.

New!!: General relativity and Physics beyond the Standard Model · See more »

Pi

The number is a mathematical constant.

New!!: General relativity and Pi · See more »

Planck energy

In physics, Planck energy, denoted by, is the unit of energy in the system of natural units known as Planck units.

New!!: General relativity and Planck energy · See more »

Planck mass

In physics, the Planck mass, denoted by mP, is the unit of mass in the system of natural units known as Planck units.

New!!: General relativity and Planck mass · See more »

Planck units

In particle physics and physical cosmology, Planck units are a set of units of measurement defined exclusively in terms of five universal physical constants, in such a manner that these five physical constants take on the numerical value of 1 when expressed in terms of these units.

New!!: General relativity and Planck units · See more »

Planetary mass

Planetary mass is a measure of the mass of a planet-like object.

New!!: General relativity and Planetary mass · See more »

Plasma cosmology

Plasma cosmology is a non-standard cosmology whose central postulate is that the dynamics of ionized gases and plasmas play important, if not dominant, roles in the physics of the universe beyond the Solar System.

New!!: General relativity and Plasma cosmology · See more »

Plebanski action

General relativity and supergravity in all dimensions meet each other at a common assumption: Using these assumptions one can construct an effective field theory in low energies for both.

New!!: General relativity and Plebanski action · See more »

Plebanski tensor

The Plebanski tensor is a order 4 tensor in general relativity constructed from the trace-free Ricci tensor.

New!!: General relativity and Plebanski tensor · See more »

Polarizable vacuum

Gravitation can be described via a scalar theory of gravitation, using a stratified conformally flat metric, in which the field equation arises from the notion that the vacuum behaves like an optical polarizable medium.

New!!: General relativity and Polarizable vacuum · See more »

Position (vector)

In geometry, a position or position vector, also known as location vector or radius vector, is a Euclidean vector that represents the position of a point P in space in relation to an arbitrary reference origin O. Usually denoted x, r, or s, it corresponds to the straight-line from O to P. The term "position vector" is used mostly in the fields of differential geometry, mechanics and occasionally vector calculus.

New!!: General relativity and Position (vector) · See more »

Positive energy theorem

In general relativity, the positive energy theorem (more commonly known as the positive mass conjecture) states that, assuming the dominant energy condition, the mass of an asymptotically flat spacetime is non-negative; furthermore, the mass is zero only for Minkowski spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Positive energy theorem · See more »

Post-Newtonian expansion

Post-Newtonian expansions in general relativity are used for finding an approximate solution of the Einstein field equations for the metric tensor.

New!!: General relativity and Post-Newtonian expansion · See more »

Postulates of special relativity

1.

New!!: General relativity and Postulates of special relativity · See more »

Pound–Rebka experiment

The Pound–Rebka experiment is a well known experiment to test Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Pound–Rebka experiment · See more »

Poynting–Robertson effect

The Poynting–Robertson effect, also known as Poynting–Robertson drag, named after John Henry Poynting and Howard P. Robertson, is a process by which solar radiation causes a dust grain orbiting a star to lose angular momentum relative to its orbit around the star.

New!!: General relativity and Poynting–Robertson effect · See more »

Pp-wave spacetime

In general relativity, the pp-wave spacetimes, or pp-waves for short, are an important family of exact solutions of Einstein's field equation.

New!!: General relativity and Pp-wave spacetime · See more »

Prahalad Chunnilal Vaidya

Prahalad Chunnilal Vaidya (P.C.Vaidya; 23 May 1918 – 12 March 2010), was an Indian physicist and mathematician, renowned for his instrumental work in the general theory of relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Prahalad Chunnilal Vaidya · See more »

Precession

Precession is a change in the orientation of the rotational axis of a rotating body.

New!!: General relativity and Precession · See more »

Prediction

A prediction (Latin præ-, "before," and dicere, "to say"), or forecast, is a statement about a future event.

New!!: General relativity and Prediction · See more »

Predictive power

The concept of predictive power differs from explanatory and descriptive power (where phenomena that are already known are retrospectively explained or described by a given theory) in that it allows a prospective test of theoretical understanding.

New!!: General relativity and Predictive power · See more »

Preferred frame

In theoretical physics, a preferred or privileged frame is usually a special hypothetical frame of reference in which the laws of physics might appear to be identifiably different (simpler) from those in other frames.

New!!: General relativity and Preferred frame · See more »

Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.

New!!: General relativity and Pressure · See more »

Pressuron

The pressuron is a hypothetical scalar particle which couples to both gravity and matter theorised in 2013.

New!!: General relativity and Pressuron · See more »

Primordial black hole

Primordial black holes are a hypothetical type of black hole that formed soon after the Big Bang.

New!!: General relativity and Primordial black hole · See more »

Princeton Junction station

Princeton Junction (signed as Princeton Junction at West Windsor) is a railroad station in Princeton Junction, New Jersey, located in West Windsor Township.

New!!: General relativity and Princeton Junction station · See more »

Principle of least action

The principle of least action – or, more accurately, the principle of stationary action – is a variational principle that, when applied to the action of a mechanical system, can be used to obtain the equations of motion for that system.

New!!: General relativity and Principle of least action · See more »

Principle of locality

In physics, the principle of locality states that an object is only directly influenced by its immediate surroundings.

New!!: General relativity and Principle of locality · See more »

Principle of relativity

In physics, the principle of relativity is the requirement that the equations describing the laws of physics have the same form in all admissible frames of reference.

New!!: General relativity and Principle of relativity · See more »

Problem of time

In theoretical physics, the problem of time is a conceptual conflict between general relativity and quantum mechanics in that quantum mechanics regards the flow of time as universal and absolute, whereas general relativity regards the flow of time as malleable and relative.

New!!: General relativity and Problem of time · See more »

Problem set

A problem set is a teaching tool used by many universities.

New!!: General relativity and Problem set · See more »

Process and Reality

Process and Reality is a book by Alfred North Whitehead, in which Whitehead propounds a philosophy of organism, also called process philosophy.

New!!: General relativity and Process and Reality · See more »

Project-706

Project-706, also known as Project-726 was a codename of a project to develop Pakistan's first atomic bomb using uranium.

New!!: General relativity and Project-706 · See more »

Projective vector field

A projective vector field (projective) is a smooth vector field on a semi Riemannian manifold (p.ex. spacetime) M whose flow preserves the geodesic structure of M without necessarily preserving the affine parameter of any geodesic.

New!!: General relativity and Projective vector field · See more »

Propagator

In quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, the propagator is a function that specifies the probability amplitude for a particle to travel from one place to another in a given time, or to travel with a certain energy and momentum.

New!!: General relativity and Propagator · See more »

Proper acceleration

In relativity theory, proper acceleration is the physical acceleration (i.e., measurable acceleration as by an accelerometer) experienced by an object.

New!!: General relativity and Proper acceleration · See more »

Proper frame

A proper frame, or comoving frame, is a frame of reference that is attached to an object.

New!!: General relativity and Proper frame · See more »

Proper length

Proper length or rest length refers to the length of an object in the object's rest frame.

New!!: General relativity and Proper length · See more »

Proper reference frame (flat spacetime)

A proper reference frame in the theory of relativity is a particular form of accelerated reference frame, that is, a reference frame in which an accelerated observer can be considered as being at rest.

New!!: General relativity and Proper reference frame (flat spacetime) · See more »

Proper time

In relativity, proper time along a timelike world line is defined as the time as measured by a clock following that line.

New!!: General relativity and Proper time · See more »

Prussian Academy of Sciences

The Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften) was an academy established in Berlin, Germany on 11 July 1700, four years after the Akademie der Künste, or "Arts Academy," to which "Berlin Academy" may also refer.

New!!: General relativity and Prussian Academy of Sciences · See more »

Pseudo-Riemannian manifold

In differential geometry, a pseudo-Riemannian manifold (also called a semi-Riemannian manifold) is a generalization of a Riemannian manifold in which the metric tensor need not be positive-definite, but need only be a non-degenerate bilinear form, which is a weaker condition.

New!!: General relativity and Pseudo-Riemannian manifold · See more »

Pseudotensor

In physics and mathematics, a pseudotensor is usually a quantity that transforms like a tensor under an orientation-preserving coordinate transformation, e.g. a proper rotation, but additionally changes sign under an orientation reversing coordinate transformation, e.g., an improper rotation, that is a transformation expressed as a proper rotation followed by reflection.

New!!: General relativity and Pseudotensor · See more »

PSR J0348+0432

PSR J0348+0432 is a neutron star in a binary system with a white dwarf.

New!!: General relativity and PSR J0348+0432 · See more »

PSR J0737-3039

PSR J0737−3039 is the only known double pulsar.

New!!: General relativity and PSR J0737-3039 · See more »

PSR J1614–2230

PSR J1614–2230 is a neutron star in a binary system with a white dwarf.

New!!: General relativity and PSR J1614–2230 · See more »

Pugh–Schiff precession

Pugh–Schiff precession or spin–spin precession is the Lense-Thirring precession of an orbiting spinning vector.

New!!: General relativity and Pugh–Schiff precession · See more »

Pulsar

A pulsar (from pulse and -ar as in quasar) is a highly magnetized rotating neutron star or white dwarf that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation.

New!!: General relativity and Pulsar · See more »

Pure mathematics

Broadly speaking, pure mathematics is mathematics that studies entirely abstract concepts.

New!!: General relativity and Pure mathematics · See more »

Pyre

A pyre (πυρά; pyrá, from πῦρ, pyr, "fire"), also known as a funeral pyre, is a structure, usually made of wood, for burning a body as part of a funeral rite or execution.

New!!: General relativity and Pyre · See more »

Quadrupole

A quadrupole or quadrapole is one of a sequence of configurations of things like electric charge or current, or gravitational mass that can exist in ideal form, but it is usually just part of a multipole expansion of a more complex structure reflecting various orders of complexity.

New!!: General relativity and Quadrupole · See more »

Quadrupole formula

In general relativity, the quadrupole formula describes the rate at which gravitational waves are emitted from a system of masses based on the change of the (mass) quadrupole moment.

New!!: General relativity and Quadrupole formula · See more »

Quantum cosmology

Quantum cosmology is the attempt in theoretical physics to develop a quantum theory of the Universe.

New!!: General relativity and Quantum cosmology · See more »

Quantum field theory

In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is the theoretical framework for constructing quantum mechanical models of subatomic particles in particle physics and quasiparticles in condensed matter physics.

New!!: General relativity and Quantum field theory · See more »

Quantum field theory in curved spacetime

In particle physics, quantum field theory in curved spacetime is an extension of standard, Minkowski space quantum field theory to curved spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Quantum field theory in curved spacetime · See more »

Quantum foundations

Quantum foundations is the study of foundational questions related to Quantum mechanics and Quantum information theory.

New!!: General relativity and Quantum foundations · See more »

Quantum gravity

Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks to describe gravity according to the principles of quantum mechanics, and where quantum effects cannot be ignored, such as near compact astrophysical objects where the effects of gravity are strong.

New!!: General relativity and Quantum gravity · See more »

Quantum inequalities

Quantum inequalities are local constraints on the magnitude and extent of distributions of negative energy density in space-time.

New!!: General relativity and Quantum inequalities · See more »

Quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics (QM; also known as quantum physics, quantum theory, the wave mechanical model, or matrix mechanics), including quantum field theory, is a fundamental theory in physics which describes nature at the smallest scales of energy levels of atoms and subatomic particles.

New!!: General relativity and Quantum mechanics · See more »

Quantum mechanics of time travel

Until recently, most studies on time travel are based upon classical general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Quantum mechanics of time travel · See more »

Quantum spacetime

In mathematical physics, the concept of quantum spacetime is a generalization of the usual concept of spacetime in which some variables that ordinarily commute are assumed not to commute and form a different Lie algebra.

New!!: General relativity and Quantum spacetime · See more »

Quasar

A quasar (also known as a QSO or quasi-stellar object) is an extremely luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN).

New!!: General relativity and Quasar · See more »

Quasi-empirical method

Quasi-empirical methods are methods applied in science and mathematics to achieve epistemology similar to that of empiricism (thus quasi- + empirical) when experience cannot falsify the ideas involved.

New!!: General relativity and Quasi-empirical method · See more »

Quasi-periodic oscillation

In X-ray astronomy, quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) is the manner in which the X-ray light from an astronomical object flickers about certain frequencies.

New!!: General relativity and Quasi-periodic oscillation · See more »

Quasinormal mode

Quasinormal modes (QNM) are the modes of energy dissipation of a perturbed object or field, i.e. they describe perturbations of a field that decay in time.

New!!: General relativity and Quasinormal mode · See more »

Radar astronomy

Radar astronomy is a technique of observing nearby astronomical objects by reflecting microwaves off target objects and analyzing the reflections.

New!!: General relativity and Radar astronomy · See more »

Rafael Sorkin

Rafael Dolnick Sorkin (born c. 1945) is an American physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Rafael Sorkin · See more »

Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry

Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry or R. M. Chaudhry (رفیع محمد چوہدری.) FPAS HI, NI, SI, Skdt (1 July 1903 – 4 December 1988), was a Pakistani nuclear physicist and a professor of particle physics at the Government College University.

New!!: General relativity and Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry · See more »

Rainbow gravity theory

Rainbow gravity (or "gravity's rainbow") is a theory that different wavelengths of light experience different gravity levels and are separated in the same way that a prism splits white light into the rainbow.

New!!: General relativity and Rainbow gravity theory · See more »

Raman Research Institute

Raman Research Institute (RRI) is an institute of scientific research located in Bangalore, India.

New!!: General relativity and Raman Research Institute · See more »

Ratan Lal Brahmachary

Ratan Lal Brahmachary (1932 - 13 February 2018) was a distinguished biochemist and a pioneer of tiger pheromone studies in India.

New!!: General relativity and Ratan Lal Brahmachary · See more »

Ray tracing (graphics)

In computer graphics, ray tracing is a rendering technique for generating an image by tracing the path of light as pixels in an image plane and simulating the effects of its encounters with virtual objects.

New!!: General relativity and Ray tracing (graphics) · See more »

Ray tracing (physics)

In physics, ray tracing is a method for calculating the path of waves or particles through a system with regions of varying propagation velocity, absorption characteristics, and reflecting surfaces.

New!!: General relativity and Ray tracing (physics) · See more »

Raychaudhuri equation

In general relativity, the Raychaudhuri equation, or Landau–Raychaudhuri equation, is a fundamental result describing the motion of nearby bits of matter.

New!!: General relativity and Raychaudhuri equation · See more »

Reactionless drive

A reactionless drive is a device producing motion without the exhaust of a propellant.

New!!: General relativity and Reactionless drive · See more »

Real number

In mathematics, a real number is a value of a continuous quantity that can represent a distance along a line.

New!!: General relativity and Real number · See more »

Reality

Reality is all of physical existence, as opposed to that which is merely imaginary.

New!!: General relativity and Reality · See more »

Redshift

In physics, redshift happens when light or other electromagnetic radiation from an object is increased in wavelength, or shifted to the red end of the spectrum.

New!!: General relativity and Redshift · See more »

Regge calculus

In general relativity, Regge calculus is a formalism for producing simplicial approximations of spacetimes that are solutions to the Einstein field equation.

New!!: General relativity and Regge calculus · See more »

Regulus

Regulus, also designated Alpha Leonis (α Leonis, abbreviated Alpha Leo, α Leo), is the brightest star in the constellation of Leo and one of the brightest stars in the night sky, lying approximately 79 light years from the Sun.

New!!: General relativity and Regulus · See more »

Reinhard Meinel

Reinhard Meinel (born 21 October 1958, in Jena) is the Head of the Relativistic Astrophysics group at the Institute of Theoretical Physics in Jena, Germany.

New!!: General relativity and Reinhard Meinel · See more »

Relational theory

In physics and philosophy, a relational theory is a framework to understand reality or a physical system in such a way that the positions and other properties of objects are only meaningful relative to other objects.

New!!: General relativity and Relational theory · See more »

Relative

Relative may refer to.

New!!: General relativity and Relative · See more »

Relative locality

Relative locality is a proposed physical phenomenon that different observers would disagree on whether two space-time events are coincident.

New!!: General relativity and Relative locality · See more »

Relativistic angular momentum

In physics, relativistic angular momentum refers to the mathematical formalisms and physical concepts that define angular momentum in special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR).

New!!: General relativity and Relativistic angular momentum · See more »

Relativistic chaos

In physics, relativistic chaos is the application of chaos theory to dynamical systems described primarily by general relativity, and also special relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Relativistic chaos · See more »

Relativistic disk

In general relativity, the relativistic disk expression refers to a class of axi-symmetric self-consistent solutions to Einstein's field equations corresponding to the gravitational field generated by axi-symmetric isolated sources.

New!!: General relativity and Relativistic disk · See more »

Relativistic Lagrangian mechanics

In theoretical physics, relativistic Lagrangian mechanics is Lagrangian mechanics applied in the context of special relativity and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Relativistic Lagrangian mechanics · See more »

Relativistic mechanics

In physics, relativistic mechanics refers to mechanics compatible with special relativity (SR) and general relativity (GR).

New!!: General relativity and Relativistic mechanics · See more »

Relativistic Newtonian dynamics

Relativistic Newtonian dynamics (RND) is an extension of Newtonian dynamics that overcomes its shortcomings by considering the influence of potential energy on space and time using some principles of Einstein's theories of special and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Relativistic Newtonian dynamics · See more »

Relativistic quantum mechanics

In physics, relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) is any Poincaré covariant formulation of quantum mechanics (QM).

New!!: General relativity and Relativistic quantum mechanics · See more »

Relativistic star

A relativistic star is a rotating neutron star whose behavior is well described by general relativity, but not by classical mechanics.

New!!: General relativity and Relativistic star · See more »

Relativity

Relativity may refer to.

New!!: General relativity and Relativity · See more »

Relativity priority dispute

Albert Einstein presented the theories of special relativity and general relativity in publications that either contained no formal references to previous literature, or referred only to a small number of his predecessors for fundamental results on which he based his theories, most notably to the work of Hendrik Lorentz for special relativity, and to the work of Carl F. Gauss, Bernhard Riemann, and Ernst Mach for general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Relativity priority dispute · See more »

Relativity: The Special and the General Theory

Relativity: The Special and the General Theory began as a short paper and was eventually published as a book written by Albert Einstein with the aim of giving: It was first published in German in 1916 and later translated into English in 1920.

New!!: General relativity and Relativity: The Special and the General Theory · See more »

Religion

Religion may be defined as a cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, world views, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that relates humanity to supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual elements.

New!!: General relativity and Religion · See more »

Renormalization

Renormalization is a collection of techniques in quantum field theory, the statistical mechanics of fields, and the theory of self-similar geometric structures, that are used to treat infinities arising in calculated quantities by altering values of quantities to compensate for effects of their self-interactions.

New!!: General relativity and Renormalization · See more »

Renormalization group

In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different scales.

New!!: General relativity and Renormalization group · See more »

Reports on Mathematical Physics

Reports on Mathematical Physics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, started in 1970, which publishes papers in theoretical physics that present a rigorous mathematical approach to problems of quantum and classical mechanics and field theories, relativity and gravitation, statistical physics, and the mathematical foundations of physical theories.

New!!: General relativity and Reports on Mathematical Physics · See more »

Representation theory of the Lorentz group

The Lorentz group is a Lie group of symmetries of the spacetime of special relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Representation theory of the Lorentz group · See more »

Rest (physics)

Rest is a state in physics that refers to an object being stationary relative to a particular frame of reference or another object; when the position of a body with respect to its surroundings does not change with time it is said to be "at rest".

New!!: General relativity and Rest (physics) · See more »

Rest frame

In special relativity the rest frame of a particle is the coordinate system (frame of reference) in which the particle is at rest.

New!!: General relativity and Rest frame · See more »

Resurrection

Resurrection is the concept of coming back to life after death.

New!!: General relativity and Resurrection · See more »

Rex Geveden

Rex Geveden is the president and chief executive officer of BWX Technologies.

New!!: General relativity and Rex Geveden · See more »

RF resonant cavity thruster

A radio frequency (RF) resonant cavity thruster, also known as an EmDrive, is a proposed design for a propellant-free drive which would have to violate both conservation of momentum and conservation of energy in order to work.

New!!: General relativity and RF resonant cavity thruster · See more »

Ricardo Carezani

Ricardo Libertario Carezani (Córdoba, Argentina; 11 April 1921) is an Argentine theoretical physicisct.

New!!: General relativity and Ricardo Carezani · See more »

Ricci calculus

In mathematics, Ricci calculus constitutes the rules of index notation and manipulation for tensors and tensor fields.

New!!: General relativity and Ricci calculus · See more »

Ricci curvature

In differential geometry, the Ricci curvature tensor, named after Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro, represents the amount by which the volume of a small wedge of a geodesic ball in a curved Riemannian manifold deviates from that of the standard ball in Euclidean space.

New!!: General relativity and Ricci curvature · See more »

Ricci decomposition

In semi-Riemannian geometry, the Ricci decomposition is a way of breaking up the Riemann curvature tensor of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold into pieces with useful individual algebraic properties.

New!!: General relativity and Ricci decomposition · See more »

Ricci scalars (Newman–Penrose formalism)

In the Newman–Penrose (NP) formalism of general relativity, independent components of the Ricci tensors of a four-dimensional spacetime are encoded into seven (or ten) Ricci scalars which consist of three real scalars \, three (or six) complex scalars \ and the NP curvature scalar \Lambda.

New!!: General relativity and Ricci scalars (Newman–Penrose formalism) · See more »

Richard Arnowitt

Richard Lewis Arnowitt (May 3, 1928 – June 12, 2014) was an American physicist known for his contributions to theoretical particle physics and to general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Richard Arnowitt · See more »

Richard C. Tolman

Richard Chace Tolman (March 4, 1881 – September 5, 1948) was an American mathematical physicist and physical chemist who was an authority on statistical mechanics.

New!!: General relativity and Richard C. Tolman · See more »

Richard Epp (physicist)

Richard J. Epp is a physicist and lecturer currently working at the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

New!!: General relativity and Richard Epp (physicist) · See more »

Richard Feynman

Richard Phillips Feynman (May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist, known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model.

New!!: General relativity and Richard Feynman · See more »

Richard H. Price

Richard H. Price (born March 1, 1943) is an American physicist specializing in general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Richard H. Price · See more »

Richard Hammond (physicist)

Richard Hammond is an Adjunct Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the author of the book "The Unknown Universe: The Origin of the Universe, Quantum Gravity, Wormholes, and Other Things Science Still Can't Explain".

New!!: General relativity and Richard Hammond (physicist) · See more »

Richard P.A.C. Newman

Richard P.A.C. Newman (1955–2000) was a physicist notable for his work in the area of cosmology and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Richard P.A.C. Newman · See more »

Richard Schoen

Richard Melvin Schoen (born October 23, 1950) is an American mathematician known for his work in differential geometry.

New!!: General relativity and Richard Schoen · See more »

Riemann curvature tensor

In the mathematical field of differential geometry, the Riemann curvature tensor or Riemann–Christoffel tensor (after Bernhard Riemann and Elwin Bruno Christoffel) is the most common method used to express the curvature of Riemannian manifolds.

New!!: General relativity and Riemann curvature tensor · See more »

Riemann sphere

In mathematics, the Riemann sphere, named after Bernhard Riemann, is a model of the extended complex plane, the complex plane plus a point at infinity.

New!!: General relativity and Riemann sphere · See more »

Riemannian geometry

Riemannian geometry is the branch of differential geometry that studies Riemannian manifolds, smooth manifolds with a Riemannian metric, i.e. with an inner product on the tangent space at each point that varies smoothly from point to point.

New!!: General relativity and Riemannian geometry · See more »

Riemannian manifold

In differential geometry, a (smooth) Riemannian manifold or (smooth) Riemannian space (M,g) is a real, smooth manifold M equipped with an inner product g_p on the tangent space T_pM at each point p that varies smoothly from point to point in the sense that if X and Y are differentiable vector fields on M, then p \mapsto g_p(X(p),Y(p)) is a smooth function.

New!!: General relativity and Riemannian manifold · See more »

Riemannian Penrose inequality

In mathematical general relativity, the Penrose inequality, first conjectured by Sir Roger Penrose, estimates the mass of a spacetime in terms of the total area of its black holes and is a generalization of the positive mass theorem.

New!!: General relativity and Riemannian Penrose inequality · See more »

Rindler coordinates

In relativistic physics, the coordinates of a hyperbolically accelerated reference frame constitute an important and useful coordinate chart representing part of flat Minkowski spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Rindler coordinates · See more »

Ring laser

Ring lasers are composed of two beams of light of the same polarization traveling in opposite directions ("counter-rotating") in a closed loop.

New!!: General relativity and Ring laser · See more »

Robert Bartnik

Robert Bartnik is an Australian mathematician based at Monash University, where he holds the position of Professor of Pure Mathematics.

New!!: General relativity and Robert Bartnik · See more »

Robert F. O'Connell

Robert F. O'Connell is a US-Irish academic and researcher.

New!!: General relativity and Robert F. O'Connell · See more »

Robert Geroch

Robert Geroch (born 1 June 1942 in Akron, Ohio) is an American theoretical physicist and professor at the University of Chicago.

New!!: General relativity and Robert Geroch · See more »

Robert H. Dicke

Robert Henry Dicke (May 6, 1916 – March 4, 1997) was an American physicist who made important contributions to the fields of astrophysics, atomic physics, cosmology and gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Robert H. Dicke · See more »

Robert Kraichnan

Robert Harry Kraichnan (January 15, 1928 – February 26, 2008), a resident of Santa Fe, New Mexico, was an American theoretical physicist best known for his work on the theory of fluid turbulence.

New!!: General relativity and Robert Kraichnan · See more »

Robert Wald

Robert M. Wald (born June 29, 1947 in New York City) is a physicist who specializes in general relativity and the thermodynamics of black holes.

New!!: General relativity and Robert Wald · See more »

Robert Weingard

Robert Weingard was a philosopher of science and professor of philosophy at Rutgers University.

New!!: General relativity and Robert Weingard · See more »

Roger Penrose

Sir Roger Penrose (born 8 August 1931) is an English mathematical physicist, mathematician and philosopher of science.

New!!: General relativity and Roger Penrose · See more »

Roman ring

In general relativity, a Roman ring (proposed by Matt Visser in 1997 and named after the Roman arch, a concept proposed by Mike Morris and Kip Thorne in 1988 and named after physicist Tom Roman) is a configuration of wormholes where no subset of wormholes is near to chronology violation, though the combined system can be arbitrarily close to chronology violation.

New!!: General relativity and Roman ring · See more »

Roman Ulrich Sexl

Roman Ulrich Sexl (19 October 1939 – 10 July 1986) was one of the leading Austrian theoretical physicists.

New!!: General relativity and Roman Ulrich Sexl · See more »

Ronald Kantowski

Ronald Kantowski is a theoretical cosmologist, well known in the field of general relativity as the author, together with Rainer K. Sachs, of the Kantowski–Sachs dust solutions to the Einstein field equation.

New!!: General relativity and Ronald Kantowski · See more »

Ronald Mallett

Ronald Lawrence "Ron" Mallett (born March 30, 1945) is an American theoretical physicist, academic, and author.

New!!: General relativity and Ronald Mallett · See more »

Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer

The Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) was a satellite that observed the time variation of astronomical X-ray sources, named after physicist Bruno Rossi.

New!!: General relativity and Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer · See more »

Rotating black hole

A rotating black hole is a black hole that possesses angular momentum.

New!!: General relativity and Rotating black hole · See more »

Rotating spheres

Isaac Newton's rotating spheres argument attempts to demonstrate that true rotational motion can be defined by observing the tension in the string joining two identical spheres.

New!!: General relativity and Rotating spheres · See more »

Roy Kerr

Roy Patrick Kerr (born 16 May 1934) is a New Zealand mathematician who discovered the Kerr geometry, an exact solution to the Einstein field equation of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Roy Kerr · See more »

Rudolf Mössbauer

Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer (German spelling: Mößbauer; 31 January 1929 – 14 September 2011) was a German physicist best known for his 1957 discovery of recoilless nuclear resonance fluorescence for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics.

New!!: General relativity and Rudolf Mössbauer · See more »

Russell Alan Hulse

Russell Alan Hulse (born November 28, 1950) is an American physicist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, shared with his thesis advisor Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr., "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation".

New!!: General relativity and Russell Alan Hulse · See more »

Ruth Gregory

Ruth Ann Watson Gregory is a British mathematician and physicist, currently Professor of Mathematics and Physics, TEDxCLE.

New!!: General relativity and Ruth Gregory · See more »

RX J0806.3+1527

|- style.

New!!: General relativity and RX J0806.3+1527 · See more »

RX J1856.5-3754

RX J1856.5-3754 (also called RX J185635-3754, RX J185635-375, and various other designations) is a nearby neutron star in the constellation Corona Australis.

New!!: General relativity and RX J1856.5-3754 · See more »

S-duality

In theoretical physics, S-duality is an equivalence of two physical theories, which may be either quantum field theories or string theories.

New!!: General relativity and S-duality · See more »

S2 (star)

Source 2 (abbreviated S2), also known as S0–2, is a star that is located close to the radio source Sagittarius A*, orbiting it with an orbital period of 15.56 ± 0.35 years, a semi-major axis of about 970 AU, and a pericenter distance of 17 light hours (18 Tm or 120 AU)—an orbit with a period only about 30% longer than that of Jupiter around the Sun, but coming no closer than about four times the distance of Neptune from the Sun.

New!!: General relativity and S2 (star) · See more »

Sage Manifolds

SageManifolds (following styling of SageMath) is an extension fully integrated into SageMath, to be used as a package for differential geometry and tensor calculus.

New!!: General relativity and Sage Manifolds · See more »

Sagittarius A*

Sagittarius A* (pronounced "Sagittarius A-star", standard abbreviation Sgr A*) is a bright and very compact astronomical radio source at the center of the Milky Way, near the border of the constellations Sagittarius and Scorpius.

New!!: General relativity and Sagittarius A* · See more »

Sagnac effect

The Sagnac effect, also called Sagnac interference, named after French physicist Georges Sagnac, is a phenomenon encountered in interferometry that is elicited by rotation.

New!!: General relativity and Sagnac effect · See more »

Samar Mubarakmand

Samar Mubarakmand (Urdu: ثمر مبارک مند; b. 17 September 1942), is a Pakistani nuclear physicist known for his research in gamma spectroscopy and experimental development of the linear accelerator.

New!!: General relativity and Samar Mubarakmand · See more »

Sanatorium (resort)

In Russia, Ukraine, and other former Soviet Union republics, the term sanatorium is generally used for a combination resort/recreational facility and a medical facility to provide short-term complex rest and medical services.

New!!: General relativity and Sanatorium (resort) · See more »

Satellite laser ranging

In satellite laser ranging (SLR) a global network of observation stations measures the round trip time of flight of ultrashort pulses of light to satellites equipped with retroreflectors.

New!!: General relativity and Satellite laser ranging · See more »

Saul Teukolsky

Saul A. Teukolsky (born August 2, 1947) is a theoretical astrophysicist and a professor of Physics and Astronomy at Caltech and Cornell University.

New!!: General relativity and Saul Teukolsky · See more »

Scalar curvature

In Riemannian geometry, the scalar curvature (or the Ricci scalar) is the simplest curvature invariant of a Riemannian manifold.

New!!: General relativity and Scalar curvature · See more »

Scalar field

In mathematics and physics, a scalar field associates a scalar value to every point in a space – possibly physical space.

New!!: General relativity and Scalar field · See more »

Scalar field solution

In general relativity, a scalar field solution is an exact solution of the Einstein field equation in which the gravitational field is due entirely to the field energy and momentum of a scalar field.

New!!: General relativity and Scalar field solution · See more »

Scalar theories of gravitation

Scalar theories of gravitation are field theories of gravitation in which the gravitational field is described using a scalar field, which is required to satisfy some field equation.

New!!: General relativity and Scalar theories of gravitation · See more »

Scalar–tensor theory

In theoretical physics, a scalar–tensor theory is a theory that includes both a scalar field and a tensor field to represent a certain interaction.

New!!: General relativity and Scalar–tensor theory · See more »

Scale factor (cosmology)

The relative expansion of the universe is parametrized by a dimensionless scale factor a. Also known as the cosmic scale factor or sometimes the Robertson–Walker scale factor, this is a key parameter of the Friedmann equations.

New!!: General relativity and Scale factor (cosmology) · See more »

Scale relativity

Scale relativity is a geometrical and fractal space-time physical theory.

New!!: General relativity and Scale relativity · See more »

Schild's ladder

In the theory of general relativity, and differential geometry more generally, Schild's ladder is a first-order method for approximating parallel transport of a vector along a curve using only affinely parametrized geodesics.

New!!: General relativity and Schild's ladder · See more »

Schrödinger–Newton equation

The Schrödinger–Newton equation, sometimes referred to as the Newton–Schrödinger or Schrödinger–Poisson equation, is a nonlinear modification of the Schrödinger equation with a Newtonian gravitational potential, where the gravitational potential emerges from the treatment of the wave function as a mass density, including a term that represents interaction of a particle with its own gravitational field.

New!!: General relativity and Schrödinger–Newton equation · See more »

Schwarzschild coordinates

In the theory of Lorentzian manifolds, spherically symmetric spacetimes admit a family of nested round spheres.

New!!: General relativity and Schwarzschild coordinates · See more »

Schwarzschild geodesics

In general relativity, Schwarzschild geodesics describe the motion of particles of infinitesimal mass in the gravitational field of a central fixed mass M. Schwarzschild geodesics have been pivotal in the validation of Einstein's theory of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Schwarzschild geodesics · See more »

Schwarzschild metric

In Einstein's theory of general relativity, the Schwarzschild metric (also known as the Schwarzschild vacuum or Schwarzschild solution) is the solution to the Einstein field equations that describes the gravitational field outside a spherical mass, on the assumption that the electric charge of the mass, angular momentum of the mass, and universal cosmological constant are all zero.

New!!: General relativity and Schwarzschild metric · See more »

Schwarzschild radius

The Schwarzschild radius (sometimes historically referred to as the gravitational radius) is a physical parameter that shows up in the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equations, corresponding to the radius defining the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole.

New!!: General relativity and Schwarzschild radius · See more »

Science

R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.

New!!: General relativity and Science · See more »

Science in the Age of Enlightenment

The history of science during the Age of Enlightenment traces developments in science and technology during the Age of Reason, when Enlightenment ideas and ideals were being disseminated across Europe and North America.

New!!: General relativity and Science in the Age of Enlightenment · See more »

Scientific formalism

Scientific formalism is a broad term for a family of approaches to the presentation of science.

New!!: General relativity and Scientific formalism · See more »

Scientific method

Scientific method is an empirical method of knowledge acquisition, which has characterized the development of natural science since at least the 17th century, involving careful observation, which includes rigorous skepticism about what one observes, given that cognitive assumptions about how the world works influence how one interprets a percept; formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental testing and measurement of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings.

New!!: General relativity and Scientific method · See more »

Scientific modelling

Scientific modelling is a scientific activity, the aim of which is to make a particular part or feature of the world easier to understand, define, quantify, visualize, or simulate by referencing it to existing and usually commonly accepted knowledge.

New!!: General relativity and Scientific modelling · See more »

Scientific theory

A scientific theory is an explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can be repeatedly tested, in accordance with the scientific method, using a predefined protocol of observation and experiment.

New!!: General relativity and Scientific theory · See more »

Sea

A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land.

New!!: General relativity and Sea · See more »

Sean M. Carroll

Sean Michael Carroll (born October 5, 1966) is a cosmologist and physics professor specializing in dark energy and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Sean M. Carroll · See more »

Self-censorship

Self-censorship is the act of censoring or classifying one's own discourse.

New!!: General relativity and Self-censorship · See more »

Self-dual Palatini action

Ashtekar variables, which were a new canonical formalism of general relativity, raised new hopes for the canonical quantization of general relativity and eventually led to loop quantum gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Self-dual Palatini action · See more »

Semiclassical physics

Semiclassical physics, or simply semiclassical refers to a theory in which one part of a system is described quantum-mechanically whereas the other is treated classically.

New!!: General relativity and Semiclassical physics · See more »

Sergei Kopeikin

Sergei Kopeikin (born April 10, 1956) is a USSR-born theoretical physicist presently living and working in the United States, where he holds the position of Professor of Physics at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri.

New!!: General relativity and Sergei Kopeikin · See more »

Sergei Odintsov

Sergei D. Odintsov (born 1959, Shchuchinsk, Kazakhstan) is a Spanish-based Russian astrophysicist active in the fields of cosmology, quantum field theory and quantum gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Sergei Odintsov · See more »

Sergio Ferrara

Sergio Ferrara (born May 2, 1945) is an Italian physicist working on theoretical physics of elementary particles and mathematical physics.

New!!: General relativity and Sergio Ferrara · See more »

Sergiu Klainerman

Sergiu Klainerman (born May 13, 1950) is a mathematician known for his contributions to the study of hyperbolic differential equations and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Sergiu Klainerman · See more »

Serpens

Serpens ("the Serpent", Greek Ὄφις) is a constellation of the northern hemisphere.

New!!: General relativity and Serpens · See more »

Shadows of the Mind

Shadows of the Mind: A Search for the Missing Science of Consciousness is a 1994 book by mathematical physicist Roger Penrose that serves as a followup to his 1989 book The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds and The Laws of Physics.

New!!: General relativity and Shadows of the Mind · See more »

Shape dynamics

In theoretical physics, shape dynamics (Shape Dynamics) is a theory of gravity that implements Mach's principle, developed with the specific goal to obviate the problem of time and thereby open a new path toward the resolution of incompatibilities between general relativity and quantum mechanics.

New!!: General relativity and Shape dynamics · See more »

Shape of the universe

The shape of the universe is the local and global geometry of the universe.

New!!: General relativity and Shape of the universe · See more »

Shapiro time delay

The Shapiro time delay effect, or gravitational time delay effect, is one of the four classic solar-system tests of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Shapiro time delay · See more »

SHEEP (symbolic computation system)

SHEEP is one of the earliest interactive symbolic computation systems.

New!!: General relativity and SHEEP (symbolic computation system) · See more »

Shell theorem

In classical mechanics, the shell theorem gives gravitational simplifications that can be applied to objects inside or outside a spherically symmetrical body.

New!!: General relativity and Shell theorem · See more »

Shing-Tung Yau

Shing-Tung Yau (born April 4, 1949) is a chinese and naturalized American mathematician.

New!!: General relativity and Shing-Tung Yau · See more »

Sign convention

In physics, a sign convention is a choice of the physical significance of signs (plus or minus) for a set of quantities, in a case where the choice of sign is arbitrary.

New!!: General relativity and Sign convention · See more »

Six-dimensional space

Six-dimensional space is any space that has six dimensions, six degrees of freedom, and that needs six pieces of data, or coordinates, to specify a location in this space.

New!!: General relativity and Six-dimensional space · See more »

Sobral, Ceará

Sobral is a municipality in the state of Ceará, Brazil.

New!!: General relativity and Sobral, Ceará · See more »

Solar eclipse

A solar eclipse (as seen from the planet Earth) is a type of eclipse that occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, and when the Moon fully or partially blocks ("occults") the Sun.

New!!: General relativity and Solar eclipse · See more »

Solar eclipse of August 21, 1914

A total solar eclipse occurred on August 21, 1914.

New!!: General relativity and Solar eclipse of August 21, 1914 · See more »

Solar eclipse of June 8, 1918

A total solar eclipse occurred on June 8, 1918.

New!!: General relativity and Solar eclipse of June 8, 1918 · See more »

Solar mass

The solar mass is a standard unit of mass in astronomy, equal to approximately.

New!!: General relativity and Solar mass · See more »

Solutions of the Einstein field equations

Solutions of the Einstein field equations are spacetimes that result from solving the Einstein field equations (EFE) of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Solutions of the Einstein field equations · See more »

Solving the geodesic equations

Solving the geodesic equations is a procedure used in mathematics, particularly Riemannian geometry, and in physics, particularly in general relativity, that results in obtaining geodesics.

New!!: General relativity and Solving the geodesic equations · See more »

Space

Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction.

New!!: General relativity and Space · See more »

Space warfare

Space warfare is combat that takes place in outer space.

New!!: General relativity and Space warfare · See more »

Spacetime

In physics, spacetime is any mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum.

New!!: General relativity and Spacetime · See more »

Spacetime algebra

In mathematical physics, spacetime algebra (STA) is a name for the Clifford algebra Cl1,3(R), or equivalently the geometric algebra, which can be particularly closely associated with the geometry of special relativity and relativistic spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Spacetime algebra · See more »

Spacetime symmetries

Spacetime symmetries are features of spacetime that can be described as exhibiting some form of symmetry.

New!!: General relativity and Spacetime symmetries · See more »

Spacetime topology

Spacetime topology is the topological structure of spacetime, a topic studied primarily in general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Spacetime topology · See more »

Spatial disorientation

Spatial disorientation, spatial unawareness is the inability of a person to correctly determine his/her body position in space.

New!!: General relativity and Spatial disorientation · See more »

Special linear Lie algebra

In mathematics, the special linear Lie algebra of order n (denoted \mathfrak_n(F) or \mathfrak(n, F)) is the Lie algebra of n \times n matrices with trace zero and with the Lie bracket.

New!!: General relativity and Special linear Lie algebra · See more »

Special relativity

In physics, special relativity (SR, also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the generally accepted and experimentally well-confirmed physical theory regarding the relationship between space and time.

New!!: General relativity and Special relativity · See more »

Special relativity (alternative formulations)

As formulated by Albert Einstein in 1905, the theory of special relativity was based on two main postulates.

New!!: General relativity and Special relativity (alternative formulations) · See more »

Speed of gravity

In classical theories of gravitation, the changes in a gravitational field propagate.

New!!: General relativity and Speed of gravity · See more »

Speed of light

The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted, is a universal physical constant important in many areas of physics.

New!!: General relativity and Speed of light · See more »

Spherically symmetric spacetime

A spherically symmetric spacetime is a spacetime whose isometry group contains a subgroup which is isomorphic to the rotation group SO(3) and the orbits of this group are 2-spheres (ordinary 2-dimensional spheres in 3-dimensional Euclidean space).

New!!: General relativity and Spherically symmetric spacetime · See more »

Spin foam

In physics, the topological structure of spinfoam or spin foam consists of two-dimensional faces representing a configuration required by functional integration to obtain a Feynman's path integral description of quantum gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Spin foam · See more »

Spin tensor

In mathematics, mathematical physics, and theoretical physics, the spin tensor is a quantity used to describe the rotational motion of particles in spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Spin tensor · See more »

Square Kilometre Array

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is a large multi radio telescope project aimed to be built in Australia and South Africa.

New!!: General relativity and Square Kilometre Array · See more »

SQUID

A SQUID (for superconducting quantum interference device) is a very sensitive magnetometer used to measure extremely subtle magnetic fields, based on superconducting loops containing Josephson junctions.

New!!: General relativity and SQUID · See more »

Standard Model

The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, and not including the gravitational force) in the universe, as well as classifying all known elementary particles.

New!!: General relativity and Standard Model · See more »

Standard-Model Extension

Standard-Model Extension (SME) is an effective field theory that contains the Standard Model, general relativity, and all possible operators that break Lorentz symmetry.

New!!: General relativity and Standard-Model Extension · See more »

Stanley Deser

Stanley Deser (born 1931) is an American physicist known for his contributions to general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Stanley Deser · See more »

Starobinsky inflation

Starobinsky inflation is a modification of general relativity in order to explain cosmological inflation.

New!!: General relativity and Starobinsky inflation · See more »

State College, Pennsylvania

State College is a home rule municipality in Centre County in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

New!!: General relativity and State College, Pennsylvania · See more »

State of matter

In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist.

New!!: General relativity and State of matter · See more »

Static spacetime

In general relativity, a spacetime is said to be static if it does not change over time and is also irrotational.

New!!: General relativity and Static spacetime · See more »

Static spherically symmetric perfect fluid

In metric theories of gravitation, particularly general relativity, a static spherically symmetric perfect fluid solution (a term which is often abbreviated as ssspf) is a spacetime equipped with suitable tensor fields which models a static round ball of a fluid with isotropic pressure.

New!!: General relativity and Static spherically symmetric perfect fluid · See more »

Static universe

A static universe, also referred to as a "stationary" or "infinite" or "static infinite" universe, is a cosmological model in which the universe is both spatially infinite and temporally infinite, and space is neither expanding nor contracting.

New!!: General relativity and Static universe · See more »

Stationary spacetime

In general relativity, specifically in the Einstein field equations, a spacetime is said to be stationary if it admits a Killing vector that is asymptotically timelike.

New!!: General relativity and Stationary spacetime · See more »

Steady State theory

In cosmology, the Steady State theory is an alternative to the Big Bang model of the evolution of our universe.

New!!: General relativity and Steady State theory · See more »

Stefan Marinov

Stefan Marinov (Стефан Маринов) (1 February 1931 – 15 July 1997) was a Bulgarian physicist, researcher, writer and lecturer who promoted anti-relativistic theoretical viewpoints, and later in his life defended the ideas of perpetual motion and free energy.

New!!: General relativity and Stefan Marinov · See more »

Stellar black hole

A stellar black hole (or stellar-mass black hole) is a black hole formed by the gravitational collapse of a massive star.

New!!: General relativity and Stellar black hole · See more »

Stellar evolution

Stellar evolution is the process by which a star changes over the course of time.

New!!: General relativity and Stellar evolution · See more »

STEP (satellite)

The Satellite Test of the Equivalence Principle (STEP) is a proposed space science experiment to test the equivalence principle of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and STEP (satellite) · See more »

Stephen Hawking

Stephen William Hawking (8 January 1942 – 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author, who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death.

New!!: General relativity and Stephen Hawking · See more »

Stephen Thorsett

Stephen Erik Thorsett (born December 3, 1964) is an American professor and astronomer.

New!!: General relativity and Stephen Thorsett · See more »

Sticky bead argument

In general relativity, the sticky bead argument is a simple thought experiment designed to show that gravitational radiation is indeed predicted by general relativity, and can have physical effects.

New!!: General relativity and Sticky bead argument · See more »

Stress–energy tensor

The stress–energy tensor (sometimes stress–energy–momentum tensor or energy–momentum tensor) is a tensor quantity in physics that describes the density and flux of energy and momentum in spacetime, generalizing the stress tensor of Newtonian physics.

New!!: General relativity and Stress–energy tensor · See more »

Stress–energy–momentum pseudotensor

In the theory of general relativity, a stress–energy–momentum pseudotensor, such as the Landau–Lifshitz pseudotensor, is an extension of the non-gravitational stress–energy tensor which incorporates the energy–momentum of gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Stress–energy–momentum pseudotensor · See more »

String theory

In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings.

New!!: General relativity and String theory · See more »

Strong gravitational lensing

Strong gravitational lensing is a gravitational lensing effect that is strong enough to produce multiple images, arcs, or even Einstein rings.

New!!: General relativity and Strong gravitational lensing · See more »

Structuralism (philosophy of science)

Structuralism (also known as scientific structuralism or as the structuralistic theory-concept) is an active research program in the philosophy of science, which was first developed in the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s by several analytic philosophers.

New!!: General relativity and Structuralism (philosophy of science) · See more »

Structure formation

In physical cosmology, structure formation is the formation of galaxies, galaxy clusters and larger structures from small early density fluctuations.

New!!: General relativity and Structure formation · See more »

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar FRS (19 October 1910 – 21 August 1995) was an Indian American astrophysicist who spent his professional life in the United States.

New!!: General relativity and Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar · See more »

Sudhansu Datta Majumdar

Sudhansu Datta Majumdar (1915 – 1997) was an Indian physicist, and faculty member of the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur.

New!!: General relativity and Sudhansu Datta Majumdar · See more »

Superfluid vacuum theory

Superfluid vacuum theory (SVT), sometimes known as the BEC vacuum theory, is an approach in theoretical physics and quantum mechanics where the fundamental physical vacuum (non-removable background) is viewed as superfluid or as a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC).

New!!: General relativity and Superfluid vacuum theory · See more »

Supergravity

In theoretical physics, supergravity (supergravity theory; SUGRA for short) is a modern field theory that combines the principles of supersymmetry and general relativity where supersymmetry obeys locality; in contrast to non-gravitational supersymmetric theories such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model.

New!!: General relativity and Supergravity · See more »

Supermassive black hole

A supermassive black hole (SMBH or SBH) is the largest type of black hole, on the order of hundreds of thousands to billions of solar masses, and is found in the centre of almost all currently known massive galaxies.

New!!: General relativity and Supermassive black hole · See more »

Supermetric

Supersymmetry gauge theory including supergravity is mainly developed as a Yang - Mills gauge theory with spontaneous breakdown of supersymmetries.

New!!: General relativity and Supermetric · See more »

Superseded scientific theories

A superseded, or obsolete, scientific theory is a scientific theory that the mainstream scientific community once widely accepted, but now considers an inadequate or incomplete description of reality, or simply false.

New!!: General relativity and Superseded scientific theories · See more »

Superspace

Superspace is the coordinate space of a theory exhibiting supersymmetry.

New!!: General relativity and Superspace · See more »

Superstring theory

Superstring theory is an attempt to explain all of the particles and fundamental forces of nature in one theory by modeling them as vibrations of tiny supersymmetric strings.

New!!: General relativity and Superstring theory · See more »

Supersymmetry

In particle physics, supersymmetry (SUSY) is a theory that proposes a relationship between two basic classes of elementary particles: bosons, which have an integer-valued spin, and fermions, which have a half-integer spin.

New!!: General relativity and Supersymmetry · See more »

Supplee's paradox

In relativistic physics, Supplee's paradox (also called the submarine paradox) is a physical paradox that arises when considering the buoyant force exerted on a relativistic bullet (or in a submarine) immersed in a fluid subject to an ambient gravitational field.

New!!: General relativity and Supplee's paradox · See more »

Suraj N. Gupta

Suraj N. Gupta (born 1 December 1924 in Punjab, British India) is an Indian-born American theoretical physicist, notable for his contributions to quantum field theory.

New!!: General relativity and Suraj N. Gupta · See more »

Susan Alexjander

Susan Alexjander is an American sound artist, musical composer and teacher living and working in Portland, Oregon.

New!!: General relativity and Susan Alexjander · See more »

Symmetric space

In differential geometry, representation theory and harmonic analysis, a symmetric space is a pseudo-Riemannian manifold whose group of symmetries contains an inversion symmetry about every point.

New!!: General relativity and Symmetric space · See more »

Symmetry (physics)

In physics, a symmetry of a physical system is a physical or mathematical feature of the system (observed or intrinsic) that is preserved or remains unchanged under some transformation.

New!!: General relativity and Symmetry (physics) · See more »

Synchronous frame

In the special theory of relativity, choice of coordinates is limited by the requirement for a special kind of spacetime metric: the Minkowski metric.

New!!: General relativity and Synchronous frame · See more »

Synge's world function

In general relativity, Synge's world function is an example of a bitensor, i.e. a tensorial function of pairs of points in the spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Synge's world function · See more »

TAU (spacecraft)

TAU (Thousand Astronomical Units) was a proposed unmanned space probe that would go to a distance of one thousand astronomical units (1000 AU) from the Earth and Sun by NASA/JPL in 1987 using tested technology.

New!!: General relativity and TAU (spacecraft) · See more »

Taub–NUT space

The Taub–NUT metric is an exact solution to Einstein's equations.

New!!: General relativity and Taub–NUT space · See more »

Taurus (constellation)

Taurus (Latin for "the Bull") is one of the constellations of the zodiac, which means it is crossed by the plane of the ecliptic.

New!!: General relativity and Taurus (constellation) · See more »

Technology in science fiction

Technology in science fiction examines the possibilities and implications of new technological concepts.

New!!: General relativity and Technology in science fiction · See more »

Technology in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

The fictional universe of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series by Douglas Adams is a galaxy-spanning society of interacting extraterrestrial cultures.

New!!: General relativity and Technology in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy · See more »

Tensor

In mathematics, tensors are geometric objects that describe linear relations between geometric vectors, scalars, and other tensors.

New!!: General relativity and Tensor · See more »

Tensor (intrinsic definition)

In mathematics, the modern component-free approach to the theory of a tensor views a tensor as an abstract object, expressing some definite type of multi-linear concept.

New!!: General relativity and Tensor (intrinsic definition) · See more »

Tensor calculus

In mathematics, tensor calculus or tensor analysis is an extension of vector calculus to tensor fields (tensors that may vary over a manifold, e.g. in spacetime).

New!!: General relativity and Tensor calculus · See more »

Tensor field

In mathematics and physics, a tensor field assigns a tensor to each point of a mathematical space (typically a Euclidean space or manifold).

New!!: General relativity and Tensor field · See more »

Tensor network theory

Tensor network theory is a theory of brain function (particularly that of the cerebellum) that provides a mathematical model of the transformation of sensory space-time coordinates into motor coordinates and vice versa by cerebellar neuronal networks.

New!!: General relativity and Tensor network theory · See more »

Tensor–vector–scalar gravity

Tensor–vector–scalar gravity (TeVeS), developed by Jacob Bekenstein in 2004, is a relativistic generalization of Mordehai Milgrom's Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) paradigm.

New!!: General relativity and Tensor–vector–scalar gravity · See more »

Tensors in curvilinear coordinates

Curvilinear coordinates can be formulated in tensor calculus, with important applications in physics and engineering, particularly for describing transportation of physical quantities and deformation of matter in fluid mechanics and continuum mechanics.

New!!: General relativity and Tensors in curvilinear coordinates · See more »

Test particle

In physical theories, a test particle is an idealized model of an object whose physical properties (usually mass, charge, or size) are assumed to be negligible except for the property being studied, which is considered to be insufficient to alter the behavior of the rest of the system.

New!!: General relativity and Test particle · See more »

Test theories of special relativity

Test theories of special relativity give a mathematical framework for analyzing results of experiments to verify special relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Test theories of special relativity · See more »

Tests of general relativity

Tests of general relativity serve to establish observational evidence for the theory of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Tests of general relativity · See more »

Tests of special relativity

Special relativity is a physical theory that plays a fundamental role in the description of all physical phenomena, as long as gravitation is not significant.

New!!: General relativity and Tests of special relativity · See more »

Tetrad formalism

The tetrad formalism is an approach to general relativity that replaces the choice of a coordinate basis by the less restrictive choice of a local basis for the tangent bundle, i.e. a locally defined set of four linearly independent vector fields called a tetrad.

New!!: General relativity and Tetrad formalism · See more »

Tetradic Palatini action

The Einstein–Hilbert action for general relativity was first formulated purely in terms of the space-time metric.

New!!: General relativity and Tetradic Palatini action · See more »

Tevian Dray

Tevian Dray (born March 17, 1956) is an American mathematician who has worked in general relativity, mathematical physics, geometry, and both science and mathematics education.

New!!: General relativity and Tevian Dray · See more »

Thanu Padmanabhan

Thanu Padmanabhan (born 10 March 1957) is an Indian theoretical physicist and cosmologist whose research spans a wide variety of topics in Gravitation, Structure formation in the universe and Quantum Gravity.

New!!: General relativity and Thanu Padmanabhan · See more »

The 4 Percent Universe

The 4 Percent Universe: Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Race to Discover the Rest of Reality is a nonfiction book by writer and professor Richard Panek and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt on January 10, 2011.

New!!: General relativity and The 4 Percent Universe · See more »

The Call of Cthulhu

"The Call of Cthulhu" is a short story by the American writer H. P. Lovecraft.

New!!: General relativity and The Call of Cthulhu · See more »

The Cosmic Landscape

The Cosmic Landscape is a non-fiction popular science book on the anthropic principle and string theory landscape.

New!!: General relativity and The Cosmic Landscape · See more »

The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008 film)

The Day the Earth Stood Still is a 2008 American science fiction thriller film, a loose adaptation of the 1951 film of the same name.

New!!: General relativity and The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008 film) · See more »

The Elegant Universe

The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory is a book by Brian Greene published in 1999, which introduces string and superstring theory, and provides a comprehensive though non-technical assessment of the theory and some of its shortcomings.

New!!: General relativity and The Elegant Universe · See more »

The Emperor's New Mind

The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds and The Laws of Physics is a 1989 book by mathematical physicist Sir Roger Penrose.

New!!: General relativity and The Emperor's New Mind · See more »

The Fabric of the Cosmos

The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time, and the Texture of Reality (2004) is the second book on theoretical physics, cosmology, and string theory written by Brian Greene, professor and co-director of Columbia's Institute for Strings, Cosmology, and Astroparticle Physics (ISCAP).

New!!: General relativity and The Fabric of the Cosmos · See more »

The House of Sand

The House of Sand (Casa de Areia) is a 2005 Brazilian film directed by Andrucha Waddington.

New!!: General relativity and The House of Sand · See more »

The Infinite Monkey Cage

The Infinite Monkey Cage is a BBC Radio 4 comedy and popular science series.

New!!: General relativity and The Infinite Monkey Cage · See more »

The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time

The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time is 1973 book by Stephen Hawking and George Ellis on the theoretical physics of spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time · See more »

The Mysterious Universe

The Mysterious Universe is a popular science book by the British astrophysicist Sir James Jeans, first published in 1930 by the Cambridge University Press.

New!!: General relativity and The Mysterious Universe · See more »

The Racah Institute of Physics

The Racah Institute of Physics is an institute at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, part of the faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences on the Edmund J. Safra Campus in the Givat Ram neighborhood of Jerusalem, Israel.

New!!: General relativity and The Racah Institute of Physics · See more »

The Road to Reality

The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe is a book on modern physics by the British mathematical physicist Roger Penrose, published in 2004.

New!!: General relativity and The Road to Reality · See more »

The Time of Our Singing

The Time of Our Singing (2003) is a novel by American writer Richard Powers.

New!!: General relativity and The Time of Our Singing · See more »

The Universe (TV series)

The Universe is an American documentary television series that features computer-generated imagery and computer graphics of astronomical objects in the universe plus interviews with experts who study in the fields of cosmology, astronomy, and astrophysics.

New!!: General relativity and The Universe (TV series) · See more »

Theodor Kaluza

Theodor Franz Eduard Kaluza (9 November 1885, Wilhelmsthal, Silesia, German Empire, today part of Opole in Poland – 19 January 1954, Göttingen) was a German mathematician and physicist known for the Kaluza–Klein theory involving field equations in five-dimensional space.

New!!: General relativity and Theodor Kaluza · See more »

Theodore Theodorsen

Theodore Theodorsen (January 8, 1897 – November 5, 1978) was a Norwegian-American theoretical aerodynamicist noted for his work at NACA (the forerunner of NASA) and for his contributions to the study of turbulence.

New!!: General relativity and Theodore Theodorsen · See more »

Theoretical astronomy

Theoretical astronomy is the use of the analytical models of physics and chemistry to describe astronomical objects and astronomical phenomena.

New!!: General relativity and Theoretical astronomy · See more »

Theoretical motivation for general relativity

A theoretical motivation for general relativity, including the motivation for the geodesic equation and the Einstein field equation, can be obtained from special relativity by examining the dynamics of particles in circular orbits about the earth.

New!!: General relativity and Theoretical motivation for general relativity · See more »

Theoretical physics

Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena.

New!!: General relativity and Theoretical physics · See more »

Theory of everything

A theory of everything (ToE), final theory, ultimate theory, or master theory is a hypothetical single, all-encompassing, coherent theoretical framework of physics that fully explains and links together all physical aspects of the universe.

New!!: General relativity and Theory of everything · See more »

Theory of relativity

The theory of relativity usually encompasses two interrelated theories by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Theory of relativity · See more »

Thibault Damour

Thibault Damour (born 7 February 1951) is a French physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Thibault Damour · See more »

Thomas precession

In physics, the Thomas precession, named after Llewellyn Thomas, is a relativistic correction that applies to the spin of an elementary particle or the rotation of a macroscopic gyroscope and relates the angular velocity of the spin of a particle following a curvilinear orbit to the angular velocity of the orbital motion.

New!!: General relativity and Thomas precession · See more »

Thomas W. Baumgarte

Thomas W. Baumgarte (born 1966) is a German physicist specializing in the numerical simulation of compact objects in general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Thomas W. Baumgarte · See more »

Thomas W. Campbell

Thomas Warren Campbell (December 9, 1944) is a physicist, lecturer, and author of the My Big T.O.E. (Theory of Everything) trilogy, a work that claims to unify general relativity, quantum mechanics, and metaphysics along with the origins of consciousness.

New!!: General relativity and Thomas W. Campbell · See more »

Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet

The Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet was a public bet on the outcome of the black hole information paradox made in 1997 by physics theorists Kip Thorne and Stephen Hawking on the one side, and John Preskill on the other, according to the document they signed February 6, 1997, as shown in Hawking's The Universe in a Nutshell.

New!!: General relativity and Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet · See more »

Thought experiment

A thought experiment (Gedankenexperiment, Gedanken-Experiment or Gedankenerfahrung) considers some hypothesis, theory, or principle for the purpose of thinking through its consequences.

New!!: General relativity and Thought experiment · See more »

Threshold (Star Trek: Voyager)

"Threshold" is the 31st episode of American science fiction television series Star Trek: Voyager airing on the UPN network, the 15th episode in the second season.

New!!: General relativity and Threshold (Star Trek: Voyager) · See more »

Tidal force

The tidal force is an apparent force that stretches a body towards the center of mass of another body due to a gradient (difference in strength) in gravitational field from the other body; it is responsible for the diverse phenomena, including tides, tidal locking, breaking apart of celestial bodies and formation of ring systems within Roche limit, and in extreme cases, spaghettification of objects.

New!!: General relativity and Tidal force · See more »

Tidal tensor

In Newton's theory of gravitation and in various relativistic classical theories of gravitation, such as general relativity, the tidal tensor represents.

New!!: General relativity and Tidal tensor · See more »

Tim Poston

Timothy "Tim" Poston (born 19 June 1945 in St Albans, Hertfordshire, died 22 August 2017, Bangalore, India) was an English mathematician best known for his work on catastrophe theory.

New!!: General relativity and Tim Poston · See more »

Time

Time is the indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future.

New!!: General relativity and Time · See more »

Time geography

Time geography or time-space geography is an evolving transdisciplinary perspective on spatial and temporal processes and events such as social interaction, ecological interaction, social and environmental change, and biographies of individuals.

New!!: General relativity and Time geography · See more »

Time in physics

Time in physics is defined by its measurement: time is what a clock reads.

New!!: General relativity and Time in physics · See more »

Time Reborn

Time Reborn: From the Crisis in Physics to the Future of the Universe is the fourth non-fiction book by the American theoretical physicist Lee Smolin.

New!!: General relativity and Time Reborn · See more »

Time translation symmetry

Time translation symmetry or temporal translation symmetry (TTS) is a mathematical transformation in physics that moves the times of events through a common interval.

New!!: General relativity and Time translation symmetry · See more »

Time travel

Time travel is the concept of movement between certain points in time, analogous to movement between different points in space by an object or a person, typically using a hypothetical device known as a time machine.

New!!: General relativity and Time travel · See more »

Time travel in fiction

Time travel is a common theme in fiction and has been depicted in a variety of media, such as literature, television, film, and advertisements.

New!!: General relativity and Time travel in fiction · See more »

Timeline of cosmological theories

This timeline of cosmological theories and discoveries is a chronological record of the development of humanity's understanding of the cosmos over the last two-plus millennia.

New!!: General relativity and Timeline of cosmological theories · See more »

Timeline of developments in theoretical physics

This page lists important developments in theoretical physics that have either been experimentally confirmed or significantly influence current thinking in modern physics.

New!!: General relativity and Timeline of developments in theoretical physics · See more »

Timeline of fundamental physics discoveries

No description.

New!!: General relativity and Timeline of fundamental physics discoveries · See more »

Timeline of geometry

A timeline of algebra and geometry.

New!!: General relativity and Timeline of geometry · See more »

Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity

Timeline of gravitational physics and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity · See more »

Timeline of Indian innovation

Timeline of Indian Innovation encompasses key events in the history of technology in the subcontinent historically referred to as India and the modern Indian state.

New!!: General relativity and Timeline of Indian innovation · See more »

Timeline of luminiferous aether

The timeline of luminiferous aether (light-bearing aether) or ether as a medium for propagating electromagnetic radiation begins in the 18th century.

New!!: General relativity and Timeline of luminiferous aether · See more »

Timeline of quantum mechanics

This timeline of quantum mechanics shows the key steps, precursors and contributors to the development of quantum mechanics, quantum field theories and quantum chemistry.

New!!: General relativity and Timeline of quantum mechanics · See more »

Timeline of science fiction

This is a timeline of science fiction as a literary tradition.

New!!: General relativity and Timeline of science fiction · See more »

Timeline of scientific discoveries

The timeline below shows the date of publication of possible major scientific theories and discoveries, along with the discoverer.

New!!: General relativity and Timeline of scientific discoveries · See more »

Timeline of scientific thought

This is a list of important landmarks in the history of systematic philosophical inquiry and scientific analysis of phenomena.

New!!: General relativity and Timeline of scientific thought · See more »

Timeline of Solar System astronomy

Timeline of Solar System astronomy.

New!!: General relativity and Timeline of Solar System astronomy · See more »

Timeline of the 20th century

This is a timeline of the 20th century.

New!!: General relativity and Timeline of the 20th century · See more »

Timeline of theoretical physics

The Timeline of theoretical physics lists key events by century.

New!!: General relativity and Timeline of theoretical physics · See more »

Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation

In astrophysics, the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equation constrains the structure of a spherically symmetric body of isotropic material which is in static gravitational equilibrium, as modelled by general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation · See more »

Topogravitic tensor

In general relativity, the topogravitic tensor is one of the three pieces of the Bel decomposition of the Riemann tensor.

New!!: General relativity and Topogravitic tensor · See more »

Topological censorship

The topological censorship theorem states that general relativity does not allow an observer to probe the topology of spacetime: any topological structure collapses too quickly to allow light to traverse it.

New!!: General relativity and Topological censorship · See more »

Torsion field (pseudoscience)

9 times the speed of light via a special kind of field, making faster-than-light travel, extra-sensory perception, homeopathy, levitation, and other paranormal phenomena possible.

New!!: General relativity and Torsion field (pseudoscience) · See more »

Transformation optics

Transformation optics applies metamaterials to produce spatial variations, derived from coordinate transformations, which can direct chosen bandwidths of electromagnetic radiation.

New!!: General relativity and Transformation optics · See more »

Trapped surface

Closed trapped surfaces are a concept used in black hole solutions of general relativity which describe the inner region of an event horizon.

New!!: General relativity and Trapped surface · See more »

Travis S. Taylor

Travis Shane Taylor (born 24 July 1968 in Decatur, Alabama) is an aerospace engineer, optical scientist, science fiction author, and star of National Geographic Channel's Rocket City Rednecks.

New!!: General relativity and Travis S. Taylor · See more »

Tree of knowledge system

The tree of knowledge (ToK) system is a theoretical approach to the unification of psychology developed by Gregg Henriques, associate professor and director of the Combined-Integrated Doctoral Program in Clinical and School Psychology at James Madison University.

New!!: General relativity and Tree of knowledge system · See more »

Tropical year

A tropical year (also known as a solar year) is the time that the Sun takes to return to the same position in the cycle of seasons, as seen from Earth; for example, the time from vernal equinox to vernal equinox, or from summer solstice to summer solstice.

New!!: General relativity and Tropical year · See more »

Tullio Levi-Civita

Tullio Levi-Civita, FRS (29 March 1873 – 29 December 1941) was an Italian mathematician, most famous for his work on absolute differential calculus (tensor calculus) and its applications to the theory of relativity, but who also made significant contributions in other areas.

New!!: General relativity and Tullio Levi-Civita · See more »

Tullio Regge

Tullio Eugenio Regge (July 11, 1931 – October 23, 2014) was an Italian theoretical physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Tullio Regge · See more »

Twin Quasar

The Twin Quasar (also known as Twin QSO, Double Quasar, SBS 0957+561, TXS 0957+561, Q0957+561 or QSO 0957+561 A/B), was discovered in 1979 and was the first identified gravitationally lensed object.

New!!: General relativity and Twin Quasar · See more »

Twistor (book)

Twistor (1989) is a hard science fiction novel by physicist and science fiction writer John G. Cramer.

New!!: General relativity and Twistor (book) · See more »

Two Dogmas of Empiricism

"Two Dogmas of Empiricism" is a paper by analytic philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine published in 1951.

New!!: General relativity and Two Dogmas of Empiricism · See more »

Two-body problem in general relativity

The two-body problem (or Kepler problem) in general relativity is the determination of the motion and gravitational field of two bodies as described by the field equations of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Two-body problem in general relativity · See more »

Uffe Haagerup

Uffe Valentin Haagerup (19 December 1949 – 5 July 2015) was a mathematician from Denmark.

New!!: General relativity and Uffe Haagerup · See more »

Ulf Lindström

Ulf Lindström (born November 12, 1947 in Stockholm, Sweden) is a Swedish theoretical physicist working in the fields of string theory, supersymmetry, and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Ulf Lindström · See more »

Ultimate fate of the universe

The ultimate fate of the universe is a topic in physical cosmology, whose theoretical restrictions allow possible scenarios for the evolution and ultimate fate of the universe to be described and evaluated.

New!!: General relativity and Ultimate fate of the universe · See more »

Underdetermination

In the philosophy of science, underdetermination refers to situations where the evidence available is insufficient to identify which belief one should hold about that evidence.

New!!: General relativity and Underdetermination · See more »

UNESCO Albert Einstein medal

The UNESCO Albert Einstein Medal is awarded to outstanding scientific personalities who made a great contribution to science and international scientific cooperation.

New!!: General relativity and UNESCO Albert Einstein medal · See more »

Unified field theory

In physics, a unified field theory (UFT) is a type of field theory that allows all that is usually thought of as fundamental forces and elementary particles to be written in terms of a pair of physical and virtual fields.

New!!: General relativity and Unified field theory · See more »

United States gravity control propulsion research

American interest in "gravity control propulsion research" intensified during the early 1950s.

New!!: General relativity and United States gravity control propulsion research · See more »

Universal Time

Universal Time (UT) is a time standard based on Earth's rotation.

New!!: General relativity and Universal Time · See more »

Universe

The Universe is all of space and time and their contents, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy.

New!!: General relativity and Universe · See more »

University of Glasgow

The University of Glasgow (Oilthigh Ghlaschu; Universitas Glasguensis; abbreviated as Glas. in post-nominals) is the fourth-oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's four ancient universities.

New!!: General relativity and University of Glasgow · See more »

University of Manchester

The University of Manchester is a public research university in Manchester, England, formed in 2004 by the merger of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology and the Victoria University of Manchester.

New!!: General relativity and University of Manchester · See more »

University of Oxford

The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.

New!!: General relativity and University of Oxford · See more »

Unsere Besten

("Our Best") was a television series shown in German public television (ZDF) in November 2003, similar to the BBC series 100 Greatest Britons and that program's spin-offs.

New!!: General relativity and Unsere Besten · See more »

Vacuum

Vacuum is space devoid of matter.

New!!: General relativity and Vacuum · See more »

Vacuum energy

Vacuum energy is an underlying background energy that exists in space throughout the entire Universe.

New!!: General relativity and Vacuum energy · See more »

Vacuum solution

A vacuum solution is a solution of a field equation in which the sources of the field are taken to be identically zero.

New!!: General relativity and Vacuum solution · See more »

Vacuum solution (general relativity)

In general relativity, a vacuum solution is a Lorentzian manifold whose Einstein tensor vanishes identically.

New!!: General relativity and Vacuum solution (general relativity) · See more »

Vaidya metric

In general relativity, the Vaidya metric describes the non-empty external spacetime of a spherically symmetric and nonrotating star which is either emitting or absorbing null dusts.

New!!: General relativity and Vaidya metric · See more »

Valentine Joseph

Valentine Joseph (27 January 1929 – 15 March 2017) was a Sri Lankan Tamil mathematician, noted for his contributions to education.

New!!: General relativity and Valentine Joseph · See more »

Van Stockum dust

In general relativity, the van Stockum dust is an exact solution of the Einstein field equation in which the gravitational field is generated by dust rotating about an axis of cylindrical symmetry.

New!!: General relativity and Van Stockum dust · See more »

Variable speed of light

A variable speed of light (VSL) is a feature of a family of hypotheses stating that the speed of light in vacuum, usually denoted by c, may in some way not be constant, e.g. varying in space or time, or depending on frequency.

New!!: General relativity and Variable speed of light · See more »

Variational methods in general relativity

Variational methods in general relativity refers to various mathematical techniques that employ the use of variational calculus in Einstein's theory of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Variational methods in general relativity · See more »

Variational principle

A variational principle is a scientific principle used within the calculus of variations, which develops general methods for finding functions which extremize the value of quantities that depend upon those functions.

New!!: General relativity and Variational principle · See more »

Vector space

A vector space (also called a linear space) is a collection of objects called vectors, which may be added together and multiplied ("scaled") by numbers, called scalars.

New!!: General relativity and Vector space · See more »

Verificationism

Verificationism, also known as the verification idea or the verifiability criterion of meaning, is the philosophical doctrine that only statements that are empirically verifiable (i.e. verifiable through the senses) are cognitively meaningful, or else they are truths of logic (tautologies).

New!!: General relativity and Verificationism · See more »

Victor A. Brumberg

Victor A. Brumberg (born February 12, 1933) is a Russian theoretical physicist specializing in relativistic celestial mechanics and astrometry.

New!!: General relativity and Victor A. Brumberg · See more »

Vidkun Quisling

Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn Quisling (18 July 1887 – 24 October 1945) was a Norwegian military officer and politician who nominally headed the government of Norway during the occupation of the country by Nazi Germany during World War II.

New!!: General relativity and Vidkun Quisling · See more »

Viking 1

Viking 1 was the first of two spacecraft (along with Viking 2) sent to Mars as part of NASA's Viking program.

New!!: General relativity and Viking 1 · See more »

Vincent Moncrief

Vincent Edward Moncrief is an American mathematician and physicist at Yale University.

New!!: General relativity and Vincent Moncrief · See more »

Vinod Johri

Vinod Johri (10 June 1935 – 10 May 2014) was an Indian astrophysicist.

New!!: General relativity and Vinod Johri · See more »

Virgo interferometer

The Virgo interferometer is a large interferometer designed to detect gravitational waves predicted by the general theory of relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Virgo interferometer · See more »

Virtual black hole

In quantum gravity, a virtual black hole is a black hole that exists temporarily as a result of a quantum fluctuation of spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Virtual black hole · See more »

Vishnu Vasudev Narlikar

Vishnu Vasudev Narlikar FRAS (26 September 1908 — 1 April 1991) was an Indian physicist specializing in general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Vishnu Vasudev Narlikar · See more »

Visual space

Visual space is the perceptual space housing the visual world being experienced by an aware observer; it is the subjective counterpart of the space of physical objects before an observer's eyes.

New!!: General relativity and Visual space · See more »

Vladimir Belinski

Vladimir Alekseevich Belinski (last name is also spelled Belinsky, Владимир Алексеевич Белинский; born 26 March 1941) is a Russian and Italian theoretical physicist involved in research in cosmology and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Vladimir Belinski · See more »

Vladimir Fock

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fock (or Fok; Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Фок) (December 22, 1898 – December 27, 1974) was a Soviet physicist, who did foundational work on quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics.

New!!: General relativity and Vladimir Fock · See more »

Void (astronomy)

Cosmic voids are vast spaces between filaments (the largest-scale structures in the universe), which contain very few or no galaxies.

New!!: General relativity and Void (astronomy) · See more »

Volume operator

A quantum field theory of general relativity provides operators that measure the geometry of space time.

New!!: General relativity and Volume operator · See more »

Vulcan (hypothetical planet)

Vulcan is a small hypothetical planet that was proposed to exist in an orbit between Mercury and the Sun.

New!!: General relativity and Vulcan (hypothetical planet) · See more »

Vulcanoid

The vulcanoids are a hypothetical population of asteroids that orbit the Sun in a dynamically stable zone inside the orbit of the planet Mercury.

New!!: General relativity and Vulcanoid · See more »

W. G. Unruh

William George "Bill" Unruh (born August 28, 1945) is a Canadian physicist at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver who described the hypothetical Unruh effect in 1976.

New!!: General relativity and W. G. Unruh · See more »

Wahlquist fluid

In general relativity, the Wahlquist fluid is an exact rotating perfect fluid solution to Einstein's equation with equation of state corresponding to constant gravitational mass density.

New!!: General relativity and Wahlquist fluid · See more »

Walk of Ideas

The Walk of Ideas was a set of six sculptures in central Berlin designed by Scholz & Friends for the 2006 FIFA World Cup football event in Germany.

New!!: General relativity and Walk of Ideas · See more »

Walter Lewin

Walter Hendrik Gustav Lewin (born January 29, 1936) is a Dutch astrophysicist and former professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

New!!: General relativity and Walter Lewin · See more »

Warm inflation

In physical cosmology, warm inflation is one of two dynamical realizations of cosmological inflation.

New!!: General relativity and Warm inflation · See more »

Warp-field experiments

Warp-field experiments are a series of current and proposed experiments to create and detect instances of spacetime warping.

New!!: General relativity and Warp-field experiments · See more »

Warped geometry

In mathematics and physics, in particular differential geometry and general relativity, a warped geometry is a Riemannian or Lorentzian manifold whose metric tensor can be written in form The geometry almost decomposes into a Cartesian product of the y geometry and the x geometry – except that the x part is warped, i.e. it is rescaled by a scalar function of the other coordinates y. For this reason, the metric of a warped geometry is often called a warped product metric.

New!!: General relativity and Warped geometry · See more »

Wave

In physics, a wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space, with little or no associated mass transport.

New!!: General relativity and Wave · See more »

Wave equation

The wave equation is an important second-order linear partial differential equation for the description of waves—as they occur in classical physics—such as mechanical waves (e.g. water waves, sound waves and seismic waves) or light waves.

New!!: General relativity and Wave equation · See more »

Wave–particle duality

Wave–particle duality is the concept in quantum mechanics that every particle or quantic entity may be partly described in terms not only of particles, but also of waves.

New!!: General relativity and Wave–particle duality · See more »

Weightlessness

Weightlessness, or an absence of weight, is an absence of stress and strain resulting from externally applied mechanical contact-forces, typically normal forces (from floors, seats, beds, scales, etc.). Counterintuitively, a uniform gravitational field does not by itself cause stress or strain, and a body in free fall in such an environment experiences no g-force acceleration and feels weightless.

New!!: General relativity and Weightlessness · See more »

Weinberg–Witten theorem

In theoretical physics, the Weinberg–Witten (WW) theorem, proved by Steven Weinberg and Edward Witten, states that massless particles (either composite or elementary) with spin j > 1/2 cannot carry a Lorentz-covariant current, while massless particles with spin j > 1 cannot carry a Lorentz-covariant stress-energy.

New!!: General relativity and Weinberg–Witten theorem · See more »

Weyl curvature hypothesis

The Weyl curvature hypothesis, which arises in the application of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity to physical cosmology, was introduced by the British mathematician and theoretical physicist Sir Roger Penrose in an article in 1979 in an attempt to provide explanations for two of the most fundamental issues in physics.

New!!: General relativity and Weyl curvature hypothesis · See more »

Weyl metrics

In general relativity, the Weyl metrics (named after the German-American mathematician Hermann Weyl) are a class of static and axisymmetric solutions to Einstein's field equation.

New!!: General relativity and Weyl metrics · See more »

Weyl scalar

In the Newman–Penrose (NP) formalism of general relativity, Weyl scalars refer to a set of five complex scalars \ which encode the ten independent components of the Weyl tensors of a four-dimensional spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Weyl scalar · See more »

Weyl tensor

In differential geometry, the Weyl curvature tensor, named after Hermann Weyl, is a measure of the curvature of spacetime or, more generally, a pseudo-Riemannian manifold.

New!!: General relativity and Weyl tensor · See more »

Weyl−Lewis−Papapetrou coordinates

In general relativity, the Weyl−Lewis−Papapetrou coordinates are a set of coordinates, used in the solutions to the vacuum region surrounding an axisymmetric distribution of mass–energy.

New!!: General relativity and Weyl−Lewis−Papapetrou coordinates · See more »

Wheeler–DeWitt equation

The Wheeler–DeWitt equation is a field equation.

New!!: General relativity and Wheeler–DeWitt equation · See more »

Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory

The Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory (also called the Wheeler–Feynman time-symmetric theory), named after its originators, the physicists Richard Feynman and John Archibald Wheeler, is an interpretation of electrodynamics derived from the assumption that the solutions of the electromagnetic field equations must be invariant under time-reversal transformation, as are the field equations themselves.

New!!: General relativity and Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory · See more »

White dwarf

A white dwarf, also called a degenerate dwarf, is a stellar core remnant composed mostly of electron-degenerate matter.

New!!: General relativity and White dwarf · See more »

White hole

In general relativity, a white hole is a hypothetical region of spacetime which cannot be entered from the outside, although matter and light can escape from it.

New!!: General relativity and White hole · See more »

Whitehead's theory of gravitation

In theoretical physics, Whitehead's theory of gravitation was introduced by the mathematician and philosopher Alfred North Whitehead in 1922.

New!!: General relativity and Whitehead's theory of gravitation · See more »

Why Beauty Is Truth

Why Beauty Is Truth: A History of Symmetry is a 2007 book by Ian Stewart.

New!!: General relativity and Why Beauty Is Truth · See more »

Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope

The Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) is a NASA infrared space observatory that was recommended in 2010 by United States National Research Council Decadal Survey committee as the top priority for the next decade of astronomy.

New!!: General relativity and Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope · See more »

Wilfrid Leng

Wilfrid Spencer Leng (October 21, 1952 – August 30, 2002) was a mathematician and writer who contributed his 'Theory of Everything' to the search for a Unified Field Theory that would combine Einstein's General Theory of Relativity with quantum mechanics.

New!!: General relativity and Wilfrid Leng · See more »

Wilhelm Cauer

Wilhelm Cauer (24 June 1900 – 22 April 1945) was a German mathematician and scientist.

New!!: General relativity and Wilhelm Cauer · See more »

Willem de Sitter

Willem de Sitter (6 May 1872 – 20 November 1934) was a Dutch mathematician, physicist, and astronomer.

New!!: General relativity and Willem de Sitter · See more »

Willem Jacob van Stockum

Willem Jacob van Stockum (20 November 1910 – 10 June 1944) was a mathematician who made an important contribution to the early development of general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Willem Jacob van Stockum · See more »

William B. Bonnor

William Bowen Bonnor (9 September 1920 – 17 August 2015) was a mathematician and gravitation physicist best known for his research into astrophysics, cosmology and general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and William B. Bonnor · See more »

William H. Press

William Henry Press (born May 23, 1948) is an astrophysicist, theoretical physicist, computer scientist, and computational biologist.

New!!: General relativity and William H. Press · See more »

William Kingdon Clifford

William Kingdon Clifford FRS (4 May 1845 – 3 March 1879) was an English mathematician and philosopher.

New!!: General relativity and William Kingdon Clifford · See more »

William Morris Kinnersley

William Morris Kinnersley is an American physicist who is well known for his contributions to general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and William Morris Kinnersley · See more »

Wolfgang P. Schleich

Wolfgang P. Schleich (born 23 February 1957, in Mühldorf am Inn, Germany) is professor of theoretical physics and director of the quantum physics department at the University of Ulm.

New!!: General relativity and Wolfgang P. Schleich · See more »

Wolfgang Pauli

Wolfgang Ernst Pauli (25 April 1900 – 15 December 1958) was an Austrian-born Swiss and American theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum physics.

New!!: General relativity and Wolfgang Pauli · See more »

Wolfgang Rindler

Wolfgang Rindler (born 18 May 1924, Vienna) is a physicist working in the field of General Relativity where he is known for introducing the term "event horizon", Rindler coordinates, and (in collaboration with Roger Penrose) for popularizing the use of spinors in general relativity.

New!!: General relativity and Wolfgang Rindler · See more »

Women in science

Women have made significant contributions to science from the earliest times.

New!!: General relativity and Women in science · See more »

Woodward effect

The Woodward effect, also referred to as a Mach effect, is part of a hypothesis proposed by James F. Woodward in 1990.

New!!: General relativity and Woodward effect · See more »

World crystal

The world crystal is a theoretical model in cosmology which provides an alternative understanding of gravity proposed by Hagen Kleinert.

New!!: General relativity and World crystal · See more »

World egg

The world egg, cosmic egg or mundane egg is a mythological motif found in the creation myths of many cultures and civilizations.

New!!: General relativity and World egg · See more »

World line

The world line (or worldline) of an object is the path that object traces in -dimensional spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and World line · See more »

World manifold

In gravitation theory, a world manifold endowed with some Lorentzian pseudo-Riemannian metric and an associated space-time structure is a space-time.

New!!: General relativity and World manifold · See more »

Worldsheet

In string theory, a worldsheet is a two-dimensional manifold which describes the embedding of a string in spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Worldsheet · See more »

Wormhole

A wormhole is a concept that represents a solution of the Einstein field equations: a non-trivial resolution of the Ehrenfest paradox structure linking separate points in spacetime.

New!!: General relativity and Wormhole · See more »

Wormholes in fiction

An Einstein–Rosen bridge, or wormhole, is a postulated method, within the general theory of relativity, of moving from one point in space to another without crossing the space between.

New!!: General relativity and Wormholes in fiction · See more »

X band

The X band is the designation for a band of frequencies in the microwave radio region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

New!!: General relativity and X band · See more »

Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich

Yakov Borisovich Zel’dovich (Я́каў Бары́савіч Зяльдо́віч, Я́ков Бори́сович Зельдо́вич; 8 March 1914 – 2 December 1987), also known as YaB, was a Soviet physicist of Belarusian Jewish ethnicity, who is known for his prolific contributions in cosmology and the physics of thermonuclear and hydrodynamical phenomena.

New!!: General relativity and Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich · See more »

Yang–Mills theory

Yang–Mills theory is a gauge theory based on the SU(''N'') group, or more generally any compact, reductive Lie algebra.

New!!: General relativity and Yang–Mills theory · See more »

Yilmaz theory of gravitation

The Yilmaz theory of gravitation is an attempt by Huseyin Yilmaz (1924-2013) (Turkish: Hüseyin Yılmaz) and his coworkers to formulate a classical field theory of gravitation which is similar to general relativity in weak-field conditions, but in which event horizons cannot appear.

New!!: General relativity and Yilmaz theory of gravitation · See more »

Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics

The is a research institute in the field of theoretical physics, attached to Kyoto University in Japan.

New!!: General relativity and Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics · See more »

Yuri Yappa

Yuri Andreevich Yappa (Юрий Андреевич Яппа) (September 21, 1927 – August 19, 1998) was a Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist.

New!!: General relativity and Yuri Yappa · See more »

Zero-drag satellite

Zero-drag satellites or equivalently "drag-free satellites" are satellites where the payload follows a geodesic path through space only affected by gravity and not by non-gravitational forces such as drag of the residual atmosphere, light pressure and solar wind.

New!!: General relativity and Zero-drag satellite · See more »

Zero-point energy

Zero-point energy (ZPE) or ground state energy is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical system may have.

New!!: General relativity and Zero-point energy · See more »

Zhou Peiyuan

Zhou Peiyuan (Chinese: 周培源; August 28, 1902 – November 24, 1993) was a renowned theoretical physicist of China.

New!!: General relativity and Zhou Peiyuan · See more »

Zurich Notebook

The Zurich Notebook is one of Albert Einstein's notebooks, from his time in Zurich.

New!!: General relativity and Zurich Notebook · See more »

(137924) 2000 BD19

, provisional designation is a sub-kilometer asteroid and near-Earth object with the smallest perihelion of any numbered asteroid (0.092 AU—38% of Mercury's orbital radius).

New!!: General relativity and (137924) 2000 BD19 · See more »

(2+1)-dimensional topological gravity

In two spatial and one time dimensions, general relativity turns out to have no propagating gravitational degrees of freedom.

New!!: General relativity and (2+1)-dimensional topological gravity · See more »

15 Eunomia

15 Eunomia is a very large asteroid in the inner asteroid belt.

New!!: General relativity and 15 Eunomia · See more »

1566 Icarus

1566 Icarus, provisional designation, is an extremely eccentric asteroid, approximately 1.4 kilometers in diameter.

New!!: General relativity and 1566 Icarus · See more »

1879 in Germany

Events in the year 1879 in Germany.

New!!: General relativity and 1879 in Germany · See more »

1910s

The 1910s (pronounced "nineteen-tens", also abbreviated as the "teens") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1910, and ended on December 31, 1919.

New!!: General relativity and 1910s · See more »

1915

Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.

New!!: General relativity and 1915 · See more »

1915 in science

The year 1915 involved numerous significant events in science and technology, some of which are listed below.

New!!: General relativity and 1915 in science · See more »

1916 in literature

This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1916.

New!!: General relativity and 1916 in literature · See more »

1916 in science

The year 1916 involved a number of significant events in science and technology, some of which are listed below.

New!!: General relativity and 1916 in science · See more »

1918 in science

The year 1918 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

New!!: General relativity and 1918 in science · See more »

1919

No description.

New!!: General relativity and 1919 · See more »

1919 in science

The year 1919 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

New!!: General relativity and 1919 in science · See more »

1919 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1919 in the United Kingdom.

New!!: General relativity and 1919 in the United Kingdom · See more »

1920 in science

The year 1920 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

New!!: General relativity and 1920 in science · See more »

1920 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1920 in the United Kingdom.

New!!: General relativity and 1920 in the United Kingdom · See more »

1922 in Australia

The following lists events that happened during 1922 in Australia.

New!!: General relativity and 1922 in Australia · See more »

1949 in science

The year 1949 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

New!!: General relativity and 1949 in science · See more »

1963

No description.

New!!: General relativity and 1963 · See more »

1963 in science

The year 1963 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

New!!: General relativity and 1963 in science · See more »

1963 in the United States

Events from the year 1963 in the United States.

New!!: General relativity and 1963 in the United States · See more »

1976 in science

The year 1976 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

New!!: General relativity and 1976 in science · See more »

2004 in science

The year 2004 in science and technology involved some significant events.

New!!: General relativity and 2004 in science · See more »

2011 in science

The year 2011 involved many significant scientific events, including the first artificial organ transplant, the launch of China's first space station and the growth of the world population to seven billion.

New!!: General relativity and 2011 in science · See more »

2016 in science

A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2016.

New!!: General relativity and 2016 in science · See more »

2017 in science

A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2017.

New!!: General relativity and 2017 in science · See more »

20th century

The 20th century was a century that began on January 1, 1901 and ended on December 31, 2000.

New!!: General relativity and 20th century · See more »

20th century in science

Science advanced dramatically during the 20th century.

New!!: General relativity and 20th century in science · See more »

3200 Phaethon

3200 Phaethon (sometimes incorrectly spelled Phaeton), provisional designation, is an Apollo asteroid with an orbit that brings it closer to the Sun than any other named asteroid (though there are numerous unnamed asteroids with smaller perihelia, such as). For this reason, it was named after the Greek myth of Phaëthon, son of the sun god Helios.

New!!: General relativity and 3200 Phaethon · See more »

4

4 (four) is a number, numeral, and glyph.

New!!: General relativity and 4 · See more »

4-manifold

In mathematics, a 4-manifold is a 4-dimensional topological manifold.

New!!: General relativity and 4-manifold · See more »

Redirects here:

Curvature of space time, Curvature of space-time, Curvature of spacetime, Curved space time, Einstein's elevator experiment, Einstein's general relativity, Einstein's general theory of relativity, General Relativity, General Relativity Theory, General Theory Of Relativity, General Theory of Relativity, General relativity resources, General relativity theory, General theory of relativity, Objections to general relativity, Space curvature, Space time curvature, Space-time curvature, Spacetime curvature, Spatial curvature, Theory of General Relativity, Theory of general relativity, Warped spacetime, Warping of space by gravity, Warping spacetime.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity