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Glossary of archaeology

Index Glossary of archaeology

This page is a glossary of archaeology, the study of the human past from material remains. [1]

115 relations: Acheulean, Albert Spaulding, Alignment (archaeology), Archaeological Association, Archaeology, Artifact (archaeology), Assemblage (archaeology), Association, Bladelet, Chevdar, Chia Jani, Chronological dating, Cognitive archaeology, Context, Controlled low strength material, Convention Place station, Creswellian culture, Cultural resources management, Cut (archaeology), Daensen folding chair, Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel, Duinefontein, Duvensee paddle, Ekron Royal Dedicatory Inscription, Ellerbusch Site, Encore Boston Harbor, Excavation (archaeology), Feature (archaeology), Fill (archaeology), Flotation, Fort Rock-Christmas Lake Valley Basin, Franchthi Cave, Gemfields, Giants of Mont'e Prama, Glossary of archaeology, Glossary of history, Hagbard Jonassen, Harris matrix, History of archaeology, Hoard, Horizon (archaeology), Hubele Mounds and Village Site, Iberomaurusian, Indilimma, John MacEnery, Kafkania pebble, Kidd Mine, King Arthur, Law of superposition, Locus, ..., Malagana, Manchán of Mohill, Manot 1, Manot Cave, Masada, Mellor hill fort, Menelaion, Mesoamerican rubber balls, Michigan fossil hunting, Modern ruins, Moral character, Natural (archaeology), Nebra sky disk, Neferhotep I, Nelson Bay Cave, Ohalo, Old wood, Olmec figurine, Outline of archaeology, Outline of prehistoric technology, Ovelgönne bread roll, Palynology, Parc Cwm long cairn, Parkin Archeological State Park, Pešturina, Phase (archaeology), Phyllis Draper, Plan (archaeology), Portable Antiquities Scheme, Posthole, Prairie Creek Site, Prehistoric technology, Protection of Native American sites in Florida, Radiocarbon dating, Relationship (archaeology), Rescue archaeology, Reverse stratigraphy, Saint-Étienne Mine Museum, San Andrés (Mesoamerican site), Scythians, Section (archaeology), Seriation (archaeology), Silbury Hill, Single context recording, Small finds, Soybean, Spit (archaeology), Star Carr Pendant, Stratigraphy (archaeology), Studien zu Fundmünzen der Antike, Survey stakes, Talpanas, Tangendorf disc brooch, Tel Dan Stele, Treasure Act 1996, Trou de l’Abîme, Urban archaeology, Venus figurines of Balzi Rossi, Water eductor, Weep, West Stow Anglo-Saxon Village, Westlake station (Sound Transit), Whitewood mine, Xinglonggou, Xochipala. Expand index (65 more) »

Acheulean

Acheulean (also Acheulian and Mode II), from the French acheuléen, is an archaeological industry of stone tool manufacture characterized by distinctive oval and pear-shaped "hand-axes" associated with Homo erectus and derived species such as Homo heidelbergensis.

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Albert Spaulding

Albert Clanton Spaulding (August 13, 1914 – May 29, 1990) was an American anthropologist and processual archaeologist who encouraged the application of quantitative statistics in archaeological research and the legitimacy of anthropology as a science.

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Alignment (archaeology)

An alignment in archaeology refers to a co-linear arrangement of features or structures with external landmarks, in archaeoastronomy the term may refer to an alignment with an astronomically significant point or axis.

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Archaeological Association

The Archaeological Association may refer to.

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Archaeology

Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of humanactivity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

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Artifact (archaeology)

An artifact, or artefact (see American and British English spelling differences), is something made or given shape by humans, such as a tool or a work of art, especially an object of archaeological interest.

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Assemblage (archaeology)

An assemblage is an archaeological term meaning a group of different artifacts found in association with one another, that is, in the same context.

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Association

Association may refer to.

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Bladelet

Bladelets can refer to.

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Chevdar

Chevdar is a Neolithic archeological site near Kazanluk in Bulgaria.

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Chia Jani

Chia Jani is an archaeological site in Iran, located along the Qouchemi stream, which flows to the Ravand River about south, in south central part of the Islamabad Plain in the Central-West Zagros Mountains.

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Chronological dating

Chronological dating, or simply dating, is the process of attributing to an object or event a date in the past, allowing such object or event to be located in a previously established chronology.

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Cognitive archaeology

Cognitive archaeology is a theoretical perspective in archaeology which focuses on the ways that ancient societies thought and the symbolic structures that can be perceived in past material culture.

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Context

Context may refer to.

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Controlled low strength material

Controlled low strength material, abbreviated CLSM, also known as flowable fill, is a type of weak, runny concrete mix used in construction for non-structural purposes such as backfill or road bases.

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Convention Place station

Convention Place is a bus station in Seattle, Washington, US.

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Creswellian culture

The Creswellian is a British Upper Palaeolithic culture named after the type site of Creswell Crags in Derbyshire by Dorothy Garrod in 1926.

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Cultural resources management

In the broadest sense, cultural resources management (CRM) is the vocation and practice of managing cultural resources, such as the arts and heritage.

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Cut (archaeology)

In archaeology and archaeological stratification a cut or truncation is a context that represents a moment in time when other archaeological deposits were removed for the creation of some feature such as a ditch or pit.

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Daensen folding chair

The Daensen folding chair consists of the metallic remains of a folding chair which were discovered in 1899 in sand from a Bronze Age tumulus near Daensen, a part of Buxtehude, Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel

The Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel (DSTT), also referred to as the Metro Bus Tunnel, is a pair of public transit tunnels in Seattle, Washington, United States.

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Duinefontein

Duinefontein 1 and 2 are early prehistoric archaeological sites near Cape Town in South Africa They have produced Acheulean stone tools and animal bones dating between 200,000 and 400,000 years ago.

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Duvensee paddle

The Duvensee paddle is the preserved part of a Mesolithic spade paddle, which was found during archaeological excavations of a Mesolithic dwelling area at Duvensee near Klinkrade (Herzogtum Lauenburg) Schleswig-Holstein, Germany in 1926.

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Ekron Royal Dedicatory Inscription

The Ekron Royal Dedicatory Inscription, or simply the Ekron inscription, is a royal dedication inscription found in its primary context in the ruins of a temple during the 1996 excavations of Ekron.

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Ellerbusch Site

The Ellerbusch Site (12-W-56) is a small but significant archaeological site in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Indiana.

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Encore Boston Harbor

Encore Boston Harbor (previously referred to as Wynn Everett and Wynn Boston Harbor) is a luxury resort and casino that is under construction in Everett, Massachusetts and developed by Wynn Resorts.

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Excavation (archaeology)

In archaeology, excavation is the exposure, processing and recording of archaeological remains.

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Feature (archaeology)

A feature in archaeology and especially excavation is a collection of one or more contexts representing some human non-portable activity that generally has a vertical characteristic to it in relation to site stratigraphy.

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Fill (archaeology)

In archaeology a fill is the material that has accumulated or has been deposited into a cut feature such as ditch or pit of some kind of a later date than the feature itself.

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Flotation

Flotation (also spelled floatation) involves phenomena related to the relative buoyancy of objects.

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Fort Rock-Christmas Lake Valley Basin

The Fort Rock-Christmas Lake Valley Basin is the basin of a former inland sea that existed in that region from Pliocene through late Pleistocene time.

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Franchthi Cave

Franchthi cave or Frankhthi cave (Σπήλαιον Φράγχθη) is a cave overlooking the Argolic Gulf opposite the village of Koilada in southeastern Argolis, Greece.

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Gemfields

Gemfields Ltd is a natural resources company headquartered in London, United Kingdom, and is one of the world's leading suppliers of responsibly sourced coloured gemstones.

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Giants of Mont'e Prama

The Giants of Mont'e Prama are ancient stone sculptures created by the Nuragic civilization of Sardinia, Italy.

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Glossary of archaeology

This page is a glossary of archaeology, the study of the human past from material remains.

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Glossary of history

This glossary of history is a list of topics relating to history.

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Hagbard Jonassen

Hagbard Jonassen (24 May 1903 – 1 March 1977) was a Danish botanist, quaternary geologist, war resister and nuclear disarmament proponent.

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Harris matrix

The Harris matrix is a tool used to depict the temporal succession of archaeological contexts and thus the sequence of depositions and surfaces on a 'dry land' archaeological site, otherwise called a 'stratigraphic sequence'.

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History of archaeology

Archaeology is the study of human activity in the past, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts (also known as eco-facts) and cultural landscapes (the archaeological record).

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Hoard

A hoard or "wealth deposit" is an archaeological term for a collection of valuable objects or artifacts, sometimes purposely buried in the ground, in which case it is sometimes also known as a cache.

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Horizon (archaeology)

In archaeology, the general meaning of horizon is a distinctive type of sediment, artifact, style or other cultural trait that is found across a large geographical area, from a limited time period.

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Hubele Mounds and Village Site

The Hubele Mounds and Village Site are an archaeological site in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Iberomaurusian

The Iberomaurusian ("of Iberia and Mauritania"; it was once believed that it extended into Spain) or Oranian is a backed bladelet lithic industry found throughout North Africa.

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Indilimma

Indilimma, previously read Indilimgur, was likely the last king of Ebla, in modern Syria, reigning around 1600 BCE.

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John MacEnery

Father John MacEnery (27 November 1797 – 18 February 1841) was a Roman Catholic priest from Limerick, Ireland and early archaeologist who came to Devon as Chaplain to the Cary family at Torre Abbey in 1822.

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Kafkania pebble

The Kafkania pebble is a small rounded river pebble about long, with Linear B symbols and a double axe symbol inscribed on it.

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Kidd Mine

Kidd Mine is an underground base metal mine in the city of Timmins, Ontario, Canada.

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King Arthur

King Arthur is a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries.

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Law of superposition

The law of superposition is an axiom that forms one of the bases of the sciences of geology, archaeology, and other fields dealing with geological stratigraphy.

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Locus

locus (plural loci) is Latin for "place".

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Malagana

Malagana, also known as the Malagana Treasure is an archaeological site of Colombia named after the same name sugarcane estate where it was accidentally discovered in 1992 (Malagana being a misspelling of Málaga).

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Manchán of Mohill

Manchan,, was an early Christian saint credited with founding many early Christian churches in Ireland.

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Manot 1

Manot 1 is a fossil specimen designated to a skullcap that represents an archaic modern human discovered in Manot Cave, Western Galilee, Israel.

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Manot Cave

Manot Cave (Me'ara Manot) is a cave in Western Galilee, Israel, discovered in 2008.

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Masada

Masada (מצדה, "fortress") is an ancient fortification in the Southern District of Israel situated on top of an isolated rock plateau, akin to a mesa.

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Mellor hill fort

Mellor hill fort is a prehistoric site in North West England, that dates from the British Iron Age—about 800 BC to 100 AD.

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Menelaion

The archaeological site of Menelaion (translit. Menelaeion) (Μενελάειον) is located approximately 5 km from the modern city of Sparti.

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Mesoamerican rubber balls

Ancient Mesoamericans were the first people to invent rubber balls (ōllamaloni), sometime before 1600 BCE, and used them in a variety of roles.

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Michigan fossil hunting

Michigan is a state within the United States that is not known for fossiliferous rocks, but there are some localities where fossils may be found.

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Modern ruins

Modern ruins is a neologism referring to ruins of architecture constructed in the recent past, generally in the most recent century, or since the 19th century.

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Moral character

Moral character or character is an evaluation of an individual's stable moral qualities.

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Natural (archaeology)

In archaeology, natural is a term to denote a layer (stratum) in the stratigraphic record where there is no evidence of anthropogenic activity.

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Nebra sky disk

The Nebra sky disk is a bronze disk of around diameter and a weight of, with a blue-green patina and inlaid with gold symbols.

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Neferhotep I

Khasekhemre Neferhotep I was an Egyptian pharaoh of the mid Thirteenth Dynasty ruling in the second half of the 18th century BCK.S.B. Ryholt: The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800–1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol.

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Nelson Bay Cave

Nelson Bay Cave also known as Wagenaar's Cave is a Stone Age archaeological site located on the Robberg Peninsula and facing Nelson's Bay near Plettenberg Bay in South Africa, and showing evidence of human occupation as far back as 125,000 years ago.

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Ohalo

Ohalo is the common designation for the archaeological site Ohalo II in the vicinity of the Sea of Galilee, and one of the best preserved hunter-gatherer archaeological sites of the Last Glacial Maximum, having been radiocarbon dated to around 19,400 BP.

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Old wood

The old wood effect or old wood problem is a pitfall encountered in the archaeological technique of radiocarbon dating.

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Olmec figurine

This article on the Olmec figurine describes a number of archetypical figurines produced by the Formative Period inhabitants of Mesoamerica.

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Outline of archaeology

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to archaeology: Archaeology – study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation, and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes.

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Outline of prehistoric technology

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to prehistoric technology.

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Ovelgönne bread roll

The Ovelgönne Bread Roll is the remaining part of a bread roll originating from the Pre-Roman Iron Age of Northern Europe, which was found in 1952 during archaeological excavations in a loam mine in the Buxtehude district Ovelgönne in Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Palynology

Palynology is the "study of dust" (from palunō, "strew, sprinkle" and -logy) or "particles that are strewn".

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Parc Cwm long cairn

Parc Cwm long cairn (carn hir Parc Cwm), also known as Parc le Breos burial chamber (siambr gladdu Parc le Breos), is a partly restored Neolithic chambered tomb, identified in 1937 as a Severn-Cotswold type of chambered long barrow.

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Parkin Archeological State Park

Parkin Archeological State Park, also known as Parkin Indian Mound, is an archeological site and state park in Parkin, Cross County, Arkansas.

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Pešturina

Pešturina (Пештурина) is a cave in the municipality of Niška Banja in southeast Serbia.

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Phase (archaeology)

In archaeology, a phase refers to the logical reduction of contexts recorded during excavation to near contemporary archaeological horizons that represent a distinct "phase" of previous land use.

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Phyllis Draper

Phyllis Draper, born on August 22, 1907, was a paleoecologist most notable for developing the first pollen diagram in North America in 1928.

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Plan (archaeology)

In archaeological excavation, a plan is a drawn record of features and artifacts in the horizontal plane.

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Portable Antiquities Scheme

The Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) is a voluntary programme run by the United Kingdom government to record the increasing numbers of small finds of archaeological interest found by members of the public.

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Posthole

In archaeology a posthole or post-hole is a cut feature used to hold a surface timber or stone.

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Prairie Creek Site

The Prairie Creek Site is an archaeological site in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Indiana.

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Prehistoric technology

Prehistoric technology is technology that predates recorded history.

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Protection of Native American sites in Florida

The State of Florida, the United States Federal government, local governments, and indigenous tribal governments have particular interests in the protection and preservation of Native American cultural, historic, and sacred sites in Florida.

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Radiocarbon dating

Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.

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Relationship (archaeology)

An archaeological relationship is the position in space and by implication, in time, of an object or context with respect to another.

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Rescue archaeology

Rescue archaeology, sometimes called preventive archaeology, salvage archaeology, commercial archaeology, contract archaeology, or compliance archaeology, is state-sanctioned, for-profit archaeological survey and excavation carried out in advance of construction or other land development.

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Reverse stratigraphy

Reverse stratigraphy (sometimes known as inverted stratigraphy) is the result of a process whereby one sediment is unearthed by human or natural actions and moved elsewhere, whereby the latest material will be deposited on the bottom of the new sediment, and progressively earlier material will be deposited higher and higher in the stratigraphy.

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Saint-Étienne Mine Museum

The Saint-Étienne Mine Museum is a French museum founded in 1991 in the city of Saint-Étienne in the French department of the Loire situated in the Rhône-Alpes region.

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San Andrés (Mesoamerican site)

San Andrés is an Olmec archaeological site in the present-day Mexican state of Tabasco.

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Scythians

or Scyths (from Greek Σκύθαι, in Indo-Persian context also Saka), were a group of Iranian people, known as the Eurasian nomads, who inhabited the western and central Eurasian steppes from about the 9th century BC until about the 1st century BC.

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Section (archaeology)

In archaeology a section is a view in part of the archaeological sequence showing it in the vertical plane, as a cross section, and thereby illustrating its profile and stratigraphy.

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Seriation (archaeology)

In archaeology, seriation is a relative dating method in which assemblages or artifacts from numerous sites, in the same culture, are placed in chronological order.

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Silbury Hill

Silbury Hill is a prehistoric artificial chalk mound near Avebury in the English county of Wiltshire.

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Single context recording

Single context recording was initially developed by Ed Harris and Patrick Ottaway in 1976, from a suggestion by Lawrence Keene.

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Small finds

Small finds is an archaeological term for artifacts discovered on excavations which are somewhat special compared with the common finds for that type site or type phase on multi phasic sites.

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Soybean

The soybean (Glycine max), or soya bean, is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses.

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Spit (archaeology)

In the field of archaeology, a spit is a unit of archaeological excavation with an arbitrarily assigned measurement of depth and extent.

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Star Carr Pendant

The Star Carr Pendant is a unique engraved shale pendant from the Mesolithic site of Star Carr in North Yorkshire.

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Stratigraphy (archaeology)

Stratigraphy is a key concept to modern archaeological theory and practice.

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Studien zu Fundmünzen der Antike

Studien zu Fundmünzen der Antike is a monograph series covering the analysis of ancient coin finds in an archaeological context.

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Survey stakes

Control of alignment and grade during construction is established through the use of survey stakes.

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Talpanas

Talpanas lippa, the Kauaʻi mole duck, is an extinct species of duck.

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Tangendorf disc brooch

The Tangendorf disc brooch is an Iron Age fibula from the 3rd century AD, which was dug up in 1930 from the sand of a Bronze Age tumulus near Tangendorf, Toppenstedt, Harburg, Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Tel Dan Stele

The Tel Dan Stele is a broken stele (inscribed stone) discovered in 1993–94 during excavations at Tel Dan in northern Israel.

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Treasure Act 1996

The Treasure Act 1996 is an Act of Parliament designed to deal with finds of treasure in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

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Trou de l’Abîme

Trou de l’Abîme also known as La caverne de l'Abîme and Couvin Cave is a karst cave located on the right bank of the Eau Noire river in the center of Couvin, Belgium, in Namur province.

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Urban archaeology

Urban archaeology is a sub discipline of archaeology specialising in the material past of towns and cities where long-term human habitation has often left a rich record of the past.

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Venus figurines of Balzi Rossi

The Venus figurines of Balzi Rossi (also: Venus figurines of Grimaldi, Venus figurines from the Balzi-Rossi-Caves) from the caves near Grimaldi di Ventimiglia (Italy) are thirteen Paleolithic sculptures of the female body.

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Water eductor

A water eductor or water dredge is an eductor-jet pump-based tool used by underwater archaeologists to remove sediments from an underwater archaeological site.

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Weep

A weep, a weep hole, or a weep-brick is a small opening that allows water to drain from within an assembly.

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West Stow Anglo-Saxon Village

West Stow Anglo-Saxon Village is an archaeological site and an open-air museum located near to West Stow in Suffolk, eastern England.

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Westlake station (Sound Transit)

Westlake is a light rail and bus station that is part of the Downtown Seattle Transit Tunnel in Seattle, Washington.

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Whitewood mine

Whitewood is an Albertan coal mine located just north of Lake Wabamun, about sixty-five kilometres west of Edmonton, Alberta.

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Xinglonggou

Xinglonggou is a Neolithic through Bronze Age archaeological site complex consisting of three separate sites.

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Xochipala

Xochipala is a minor archaeological site in the Mexican state of Guerrero, whose name has become attached, somewhat erroneously, to a style of Formative Period figurines and pottery from 1500 to 200 BCE.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_archaeology

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