212 relations: Adam Johann von Krusenstern, Adam Otto von Bistram, Administrative divisions of Russia in 1719–1725, Administrative divisions of Russia in 1725–1726, Administrative divisions of Russia in 1726–1727, Administrative divisions of Russia in 1727–1728, Administrative divisions of Russia in 1728–1744, Administrative divisions of Russia in 1744–1764, Ado Vabbe, Aleksander Aberg, Aleksander Warma, Aleksandr Vladimirovich Razvozov, Alexander Bogen, Alexander Gorchakov, Alexander von Kaulbars, Alexander von Middendorff, Alexander von Ungern-Sternberg, Alexey Kharuzin, Alfred Karindi, Alfred Rosenberg, Anton Hansen Tammsaare, Anton Uesson, April 1917, Architecture of Estonia, Armin Öpik, Artur Sirk, Artur Terras, August Neo, August Sabbe, August von Kotzebue, Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg, Autonomous Governorate of Estonia, Õisu, Baltic Germans, Baltic governorates, Baltic nobility, Baltic region, Baltic states, Bernhard Gregory, Bernhard Schmidt, Capitulation of Estonia and Livonia, Carl Nieroth, Carl Timoleon von Neff, Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, Christfried Burmeister, Coat of arms of Estonia, Coat of arms of Russia, Colonialism, Communist Party of Estonia, Courland Governorate, ..., Crawford expedition, Cyrillus Kreek, Demographics of Estonia, Dimitri Kirsanoff, Duchy of Estonia, Duchy of Estonia (1561–1721), Duke George of Oldenburg, Eberhard Vogdt, Edmund Russow, Eduard Bornhöhe, Eduard Vilde, Eesti Skautide Ühing, Elizabeth Pierrepont, Duchess of Kingston-upon-Hull, Emancipation reform of 1861, Erast Hiatsintov, Ernest Stackelberg, Ernst Öpik, Ervin Ollik, Estland, Estonia, Estonia (disambiguation), Estonian Knighthood, Estonian national awakening, Estonian Provincial Assembly election, 1917, Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, Estonian Swedes, Estophilia, Evald Aav, Fabian Steinheil, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Ferdinand von Wrangel, Flag of Estonia, French invasion of Russia, Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald, Gentry, Georg Dehio, Georg Lurich, George Hackenschmidt, German occupation of Estonia during World War I, Gotthard Johann von Knorring, Governor-General of Baltic provinces, Governorate of Livonia, Great refractor, Gregor von Bochmann, Greig (Russian nobility), Gustav Ernesaks, Gustav Ernesaks (weightlifter), Gustav Ernst von Stackelberg, Gustav von Below, Harrien County, Heinrich Uukkivi, Helmut Maandi, Hermynia Zur Mühlen, Hiiumaa, History of Estonia, History of the administrative division of Russia, Hjalmar Mäe, House of Dolgorukov, Ida Loo-Talvari, Ivan Essen, Ivan Gannibal, Ivan Ivanovich Michelson, Iwan Müller, Jacob Linzbach, Jakob von Uexküll, Jüri Uluots, Jerwen County, Johann Friedrich von Brandt, Johannes Haller, Johannes Soodla, Juhan Kukk, Kadriorg Palace, Karl Ernst von Baer, Karl Gustav von Baggovut, Karl Nikolai von Nolcken, Karl Plutus, Karl Wilhelm von Toll, Knudåge Riisager, Konstantin Päts, Landtag, List of cities of the Russian Empire in 1897, List of countries by population in 1800, List of Estonian films, List of Estonian flags, List of governorates of the Russian Empire, List of largest optical telescopes historically, List of palaces, List of political entities in the 19th century, List of predecessors of sovereign states in Europe, List of uyezds of the Russian Empire, Livonia, Login Geiden, Ludwig August Mellin, Mahtra War, Marie Under, Mihkel Martna, Mihkel Müller, Miina Härma, Military districts of the Russian Empire, Modern history, Narva River, Nikolai Anderson, Nikolai Essen, Nikolai Vekšin, Nikolai von Glehn, Oscar Arthur von Riesemann, Oskar Angelus, Oskar Kaplur, Otto Magnus von Stackelberg (archaeologist), Otto Strandman, Otto Tief, Paul Hoffmann (neurophysiologist), Paul Kogerman, Paul von Rennenkampf, Peeter Põld, Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, Peter the Great, Peter von Glehn, Population and housing censuses by country, Provisional Land Council of Vidzeme, Reginald Uba, Reval (disambiguation), Roman von Ungern-Sternberg, Rudolf Tobias, Russia, Russians in Estonia, Salawat Yulayev, Salme (village), Samuel Greig, Samuel H. Shapiro, Scottish Russians, Serfdom, Serfdom in Russia, Serge Wolkonsky, Stenbock House, Tallinn, Territorial changes of the Baltic states, Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom, Timeline of historical geopolitical changes, Timeline of Russian history, Toompea, Toompea Castle, Uku Masing, United Baltic Duchy, Valter Ever, Vasili Fersen, Vladimir Dolgorukov, Wiek County, Wierland County, Wilhelm Greiffenhagen, William von Wirén, Wolfgang Köhler, 1816, 1858, 1870 in rail transport, 1905, 1905 in Russia, 1905 Russian Revolution, 1906 in literature, 1917, 1917 in Russia, 90th Anniversary of the Estonian Republic. Expand index (162 more) »
Adam Johann von Krusenstern
Baron Ivan Fyodorovich Kruzenshtern (Ива́н Фёдорович Крузенште́рн; 10 October 177012 August 1846), born as Adam Johann Ritter von Krusenstern, was a Russian admiral and explorer of Baltic German descent, who led the first Russian circumnavigation of the globe.
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Adam Otto von Bistram
Baron Adam Otto Wilhelm von Bistram or Adam Ivanovitch Bistrom (Russian: Адам Иванович Бистром, 23 October 1774, Märjamaa, Governorate of Estonia - 17 October 1828, Dresden) was a commander in the Imperial Russian Army during the Napoleonic Wars.
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Administrative divisions of Russia in 1719–1725
The second administrative reform of 1719 was carried out by Peter the Great in order to fix the deficiencies of the original system.
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Administrative divisions of Russia in 1725–1726
No description.
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Administrative divisions of Russia in 1726–1727
No description.
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Administrative divisions of Russia in 1727–1728
The administrative reform of 1727 was carried out soon after Peter the Great's death, when it became apparent that previous reform was not working as planned.
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Administrative divisions of Russia in 1728–1744
No description.
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Administrative divisions of Russia in 1744–1764
No description.
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Ado Vabbe
Ado Vabbe (1892-1961) was an Estonian painter, graphics artist, and teacher.
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Aleksander Aberg
Aleksander Richard Aberg (– 15 February 1920) was an Estonian professional Greco-Roman and free-style wrestling world champion of the early 20th century.
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Aleksander Warma
Aleksander Warma VR I/3 (also Varma; – 23 December 1970) was an Estonian navy officer, diplomat and painter.
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Aleksandr Vladimirovich Razvozov
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Razvozov (1879–1920) was a Russian and Soviet admiral.
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Alexander Bogen
Alexander Bogen (אלכסנדר בוגן; born January 24, 1916 – October 20, 2010) was a Polish-Israeli artist, painter, sculptor, stage designer, book illustrator and a commander partisan during World War II.
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Alexander Gorchakov
Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Горчако́в), (15 July 179811 March 1883) was a Russian diplomat and statesman from the Gorchakov princely family.
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Alexander von Kaulbars
Alexander Wilhelm Andreas Freiherr von Kaulbars (Russified into Александр Васильевич (фон) Каульбарс, Alexander Vasilyevich von Kaulbars; January 25, 1925) was a Baltic-German military leader, General of the Cavalry (1901), who served in the Imperial Russian Army during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and a noted explorer of Central Asia.
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Alexander von Middendorff
Alexander Theodor von Middendorff (Александр Федорович Миддендорф) (18 August 1815 – 24 January 1894) was a Russian zoologist and explorer.
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Alexander von Ungern-Sternberg
Peter Alexander Freiherr von Ungern-Sternberg (22 April 1806 – 24 August 1869) also known as Alexander von Sternberg, was a Baltic German novelist, poet and painter who worked under the pseudonym Sylvan.
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Alexey Kharuzin
Alexey Nikolayevich Kharuzin (Алексе́й Никола́евич Хару́зин; March 12, 1864, Reval – May 8, 1932, Moscow) was a Russian ethnographer, anthropologist, and statesman.
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Alfred Karindi
Alfred Karindi (30 May 1901 - 13 April 1969) was an Estonian organist and composer.
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Alfred Rosenberg
Alfred Ernst Rosenberg (12 January 1893 – 16 October 1946) was a German theorist and an influential ideologue of the Nazi Party.
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Anton Hansen Tammsaare
Anton Hansen Tammsaare (also known as A. H. Tammsaare; born Anton Hansen 30 January 1878 – 1 March 1940), was an Estonian writer whose pentalogy Truth and Justice (Tõde ja õigus; 1926–1933) is considered one of the major works of Estonian literature and "The Estonian Novel".
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Anton Uesson
Anton Uesson (12 January 1879 – 13 April 1942)Mati Unt and Eric Dickens: Brecht at Night.
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April 1917
The following events occurred in April 1917.
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Architecture of Estonia
This article covers the architecture of Estonia.
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Armin Öpik
Armin Aleksander Öpik (24 June 1898, Kunda – 15 January 1983, Canberra) was an Estonian paleontologist who spent the second half of his career (from 1948) at the Bureau of Mineral Resources in Australia.
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Artur Sirk
Artur Sirk (25 September 1900 in Pruuna, Lehtse Parish, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire – 2 August 1937 in Echternach, Luxembourg) was an Estonian political and military figure.
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Artur Terras
Artur Terras (18 February 1901 – 23 November 1963) was an Estonian lawyer and politician who was the mayor of Tallinn from 24 August 1941 to September 1944.
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August Neo
August "Ago" Neo (12 February 1908 – 19 August 1982) was an Estonian wrestler who won two medals at the 1936 Summer Olympics: a silver medal in the freestyle wrestling and a bronze in Greco-Roman wrestling.
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August Sabbe
August Sabbe (1 September 1909 – 27 or 28 September 1978) was one of the last surviving Estonian members of the Forest Brothers, a group of citizens of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania who resisted and fought against the Soviet occupation of their three nations.
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August von Kotzebue
August Friedrich Ferdinand von Kotzebue (–) was a German dramatist and writer who also worked as a consul in Russia and Germany.
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Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
Augustus (13 July 1783 – 27 February 1853) was the reigning Grand Duke of Oldenburg from 1829 to 1853.
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Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
The local autonomy in Estonia (Эстляндия) was established as a result of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
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Õisu
Õisu (Euseküll) is a small borough in Mulgi Parish, Viljandi County, in southern Estonia.
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Baltic Germans
The Baltic Germans (Deutsch-Balten or Deutschbalten, later Baltendeutsche) are ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia.
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Baltic governorates
The Baltic governorates (Прибалтийские губернии), originally the Ostsee governorates (Ostseegouvernements, Остзейские губернии), was a collective name for the administrative units of the Russian Empire set up in the territories of Swedish Estonia, Swedish Livonia (1721) and, afterwards, of Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1795).
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Baltic nobility
The Baltic or Baltic German nobility was the privileged social class in the territories of today's Estonia and Latvia.
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Baltic region
The terms Baltic region, Baltic Rim countries (or simply Baltic Rim), and the Baltic Sea countries refer to slightly different combinations of countries in the general area surrounding the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe.
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Baltic states
The Baltic states, also known as the Baltic countries, Baltic republics, Baltic nations or simply the Baltics (Balti riigid, Baltimaad, Baltijas valstis, Baltijos valstybės), is a geopolitical term used for grouping the three sovereign countries in Northern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
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Bernhard Gregory
Bernhard Gregory (in Tallinn – 2 February 1939 in Berlin) was a Baltic German chess master.
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Bernhard Schmidt
Bernhard Woldemar Schmidt (– 1 December 1935) was a German optician.
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Capitulation of Estonia and Livonia
With the Capitulation of Estonia and Livonia in 1710 the Swedish dominions Estonia and Livonia were integrated into the Russian EmpireLuts (2006), p. 159 following their conquest during the Great Northern War.
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Carl Nieroth
Carl Gustaf von Nieroth (died 1712) was a Swedish officer and Governor-General of Swedish Estonia 1709–1710 (though not formally installed) and of Finland 1710–1712.
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Carl Timoleon von Neff
Carl Timoleon von Neff, also Timofey Andreyevich Neff (Тимофей Андреевич Нефф, &ndash) was an artist of Baltic German descent, from present-day Estonia.
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Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
Duke Charles Louis of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (18 September 1690 – 22 September 1774) was a Lieutenant General in the Prussian Army and Governor of Reval (Tallinn) in the Governorate of Estonia.
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Christfried Burmeister
Christfried Burmeister (later Christfried Puurmeister, 26 May 1898 in Reval, Estonia – 12 July 1965 in Bradford, England) was an Estonian speed skater who competed in the 1928 Winter Olympics.
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Coat of arms of Estonia
The current coat of arms of Estonia is a golden shield which includes a picture of three blue lions with red tongues in the middle, with golden oak branches placed on both sides of the shield.
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Coat of arms of Russia
The coat of arms of the Russian Federation derives from the earlier coat of arms of the Russian Empire which was abolished with the Russian Revolution in 1917 and restored in 1993 after the constitutional crisis.
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Colonialism
Colonialism is the policy of a polity seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of developing or exploiting them to the benefit of the colonizing country and of helping the colonies modernize in terms defined by the colonizers, especially in economics, religion and health.
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Communist Party of Estonia
Communist Party of Estonia (Eestimaa Kommunistlik Partei, EKP; Коммунистическая партия Эстонии) was a political party in Estonia.
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Courland Governorate
Courland Governorate, also known as the Province of Courland, Governorate of Kurland (Курля́ндская губерния), and Government of Courland (Kurländisches Gouvernement, Kurzemes guberņa), was one of the Baltic governorates of the Russian Empire, that is now part of the Republic of Latvia.
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Crawford expedition
The Crawford expedition, also known as the Sandusky expedition and Crawford's Defeat, was a 1782 campaign on the western front of the American Revolutionary War, and one of the final operations of the conflict. Led by Colonel William Crawford, the campaign's goal was to destroy enemy American Indian towns along the Sandusky River in the Ohio Country, with the hope of ending Indian attacks on American settlers. The expedition was one in a long series of raids against enemy settlements which both sides had conducted throughout the war. Crawford led about 500 volunteer militiamen, mostly from Pennsylvania, deep into American Indian territory, with the intention of surprising the Indians. The Indians and their British allies from Detroit had already learned of the expedition, however, and gathered a force to oppose the Americans. After a day of indecisive fighting near the Sandusky towns, the Americans found themselves surrounded and attempted to retreat. The retreat turned into a rout, but most of the Americans managed to find their way back to Pennsylvania. About 70 Americans were killed; Indian and British losses were minimal. During the retreat, Crawford and an unknown number of his men were captured. The Indians executed many of these captives in retaliation for the Gnadenhutten massacre that occurred earlier in the year, in which about 100 peaceful Indians were murdered by Pennsylvanian militiamen. Crawford's execution was particularly brutal: he was tortured for at least two hours before being burned at the stake. His execution was widely publicized in the United States, worsening the already-strained relationship between Native Americans and European Americans.
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Cyrillus Kreek
Cyrillus Kreek (born as Karl Ustav Kreek; in Võnnu, Lääne county – 26 March 1962 in Haapsalu) was an Estonian composer.
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Demographics of Estonia
The demographics of Estonia in the twenty-first century result from historical trends over more than a thousand years, as with most European countries, but have been disproportionately influenced by events in the last half of the twentieth century.
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Dimitri Kirsanoff
Dimitri Kirsanoff (Дими́трий Кирса́нов) (6 March 1899 – 11 February 1957) was an early filmmaker, considered part of the French Impressionist movement in film.
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Duchy of Estonia
The Duchy of Estonia may refer to.
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Duchy of Estonia (1561–1721)
The Duchy of Estonia (Hertigdömet Estland, Eestimaa hertsogkond, Herzogtum Estland), also known as Swedish Estonia, (italic) was a dominion of the Swedish Empire from 1561 until 1721 during the time that most or all of Estonia was under Swedish rule.
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Duke George of Oldenburg
Duke George of Oldenburg (9 May 1784 – 27 December 1812) was a younger son of Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg and his wife Duchess Frederica of Württemberg.
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Eberhard Vogdt
Eberhard Konrad Roman Vogdt (in Kohatu, Governorate of Estonia – 9 February 1964 in Oberaula, West Germany) was an Estonian sailor who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics.
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Edmund Russow
Edmund August Friedrich Russow (24 February 1841 – 11 April 1897) was a Baltic German biologist born in Tallinn (Reval), in present-day Estonia.
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Eduard Bornhöhe
Eduard Bornhöhe (pen name), born Eduard Brunberg (in Kullaaru, Rakvere Parish, Lääne-Viru County — 17 November 1923 in Tallinn), was an Estonian writer.
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Eduard Vilde
Eduard Vilde (4 March 1865 in Pudivere, Väike-Maarja Parish, Lääne-Viru County – 26 December 1933 in Tallinn) was an Estonian writer, a pioneer of critical realism in Estonian literature, and a diplomat.
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Eesti Skautide Ühing
Eesti Skautide Ühing (Estonian Scout Association, ESÜ) the primary national Scouting organization of Estonia, became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1996.
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Elizabeth Pierrepont, Duchess of Kingston-upon-Hull
Elizabeth Chudleigh, Duchess of Kingston (8 Mar 1721 – 26 August 1788), sometimes called Countess of Bristol, was an English noble and courtier, known by her contemporaries for her adventurous life style.
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Emancipation reform of 1861
The Emancipation Reform of 1861 in Russia (translit, literally: "the peasants Reform of 1861") was the first and most important of liberal reforms passed during the reign (1855-1881) of Emperor Alexander II of Russia.
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Erast Hiatsintov
Erast Georgievich Hiatsintov (Russian: Эраст Георгиевич Гиацинтов; 10 November 1858 – 7 April 1910) was a Russian-Estonian politician who was the mayor of Reval (now Tallinn) in from February 1905 to December of that year, notably becoming the first person of Russian descent to become the mayor of Reval.
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Ernest Stackelberg
Count Ernst Johann von Stackelberg (Эрнест Густавович Штакельберг) (1813, Estonia - August 30, 1870, Paris) was a Baltic German military figure and diplomat.
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Ernst Öpik
Ernst Julius Öpik (– 10 September 1985) was an Estonian astronomer and astrophysicist who spent the second half of his career (1948–1981) at the Armagh Observatory in Northern Ireland.
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Ervin Ollik
Ervin Ollik (born 18 July 1915; died 28 June 1996) was an Estonian football player.
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Estland
* Estland is the modern name for Estonia in German, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Dutch and some other Germanic languages, with the notable exception of modern English (Old English did use the term).
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Estonia
Estonia (Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariik), is a sovereign state in Northern Europe.
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Estonia (disambiguation)
Estonia is a country in Northern Europe.
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Estonian Knighthood
The Estonian Knighthood (Estländische Ritterschaft) was a fiefdom that operated in the northern part of modern Estonia.
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Estonian national awakening
The Estonian Age of Awakening (Ärkamisaeg) is a period in history where Estonians came to acknowledge themselves as a nation deserving the right to govern themselves.
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Estonian Provincial Assembly election, 1917
The Estonian Provincial Assembly (Maapäev) was elected after the February Revolution in 1917 as the national diet of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia in Russian Empire.
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Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (Estonian SSR or ESSR; Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistlik Vabariik ENSV; Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика ЭССР, Estonskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika ESSR), also known as Soviet Estonia or Estonia was an unrecognized republic of the Soviet Union, administered by a subordinate of the Government of the Soviet Union.
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Estonian Swedes
The Estonian Swedes, Estonia-Swedes, or Coastal Swedes (estlandssvenskar, "Estonia Swedes", colloquially aibofolke, "Island People", rannarootslased, i.e. "Coastal Swedes" or eestirootslased) are a Swedish-speaking minority traditionally residing in the coastal areas and islands of what is now western and northern Estonia.
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Estophilia
Estophilia (from Greek: φίλος, filos - "dear, loving") refers to the ideas and activities of people not of Estonian descent who are sympathetic to or interested in Estonian language, Estonian literature or Estonian culture, the history of Estonia and Estonia in general.
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Evald Aav
Evald Aav (– 21 March 1939) was an Estonian composer born in Tallinn, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire.
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Fabian Steinheil
Count Fabian Gotthard von Steinheil (Фадде́й Фёдорович Ште́йнгель, Faddei Fjodorovitš Šteingel; 14 October 1762 – 23 February 1831) was a Russian military officer, and the Governor-General of Finland between 1810 and 1824.
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Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann
Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann (in Hapsal (now Haapsalu) – in Saint Petersburg) was an Estonian linguist who researched Uralic languages, mostly Estonian.
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Ferdinand von Wrangel
Baron Ferdinand Friedrich Georg Ludwig von Wrangel (Фердина́нд Петро́вич Вра́нгель, Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel; –) was a Russian explorer and seaman of Baltic German ancestry, Honorable Member of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences, a founder of the Russian Geographic Society.
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Flag of Estonia
The national flag of Estonia (Eesti lipp) is a tricolour featuring three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white.
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French invasion of Russia
The French invasion of Russia, known in Russia as the Patriotic War of 1812 (Отечественная война 1812 года Otechestvennaya Voyna 1812 Goda) and in France as the Russian Campaign (Campagne de Russie), began on 24 June 1812 when Napoleon's Grande Armée crossed the Neman River in an attempt to engage and defeat the Russian army.
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Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald
Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald (–) was an Estonian writer who is considered to be the father of the national literature for the country.
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Gentry
The gentry (genterie; Old French gentil: "high-born") are the "well-born, genteel, and well-bred people" of the social class below the nobility of a society.
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Georg Dehio
Georg Gottfried Julius Dehio (November 22, 1850 in Reval (now Tallinn), Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire – March 21, 1932 in Tübingen), was a Baltic German art historian.
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Georg Lurich
Georg Lurich (– 20 January 1920) was an Estonian Greco-Roman wrestler and strongman of the early 20th century.
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George Hackenschmidt
Georg Karl Julius Hackenschmidt (– 19 February 1968) was an early 20th-century Baltic German strongman and professional wrestler who is recognized as professional wrestling's first world heavyweight champion.
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German occupation of Estonia during World War I
The occupation of Estonia by the German Empire occurred during the later stages of the First World War.
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Gotthard Johann von Knorring
Gotthard Johann von Knorring (1744 or 1746 Богдан Фёдорович Кнорринг (Bogdan Fyodorovich Knorring) was a Russian general of the infantry of Baltic German descent.
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Governor-General of Baltic provinces
Governor-General of the Baltic provinces or Governor-General of Estonia, Livonia, and Courland was the military commander of the Riga Military District and the highest administrator of the Baltic governorates of Estonia, Livonia and Courland sporadically under Russian rule in the 19th century.
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Governorate of Livonia
The Governorate of Livonia (Лифляндская губерния, Liflyandskaya guberniya; Gouvernement Livland, Livländisches Gouvernement; Vidzemes guberņa, after the Latvian inhabited Vidzeme region) was one of the Baltic governorates of the Russian Empire, now divided between the Republic of Latvia and the Republic of Estonia.
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Great refractor
Great refractor refers to a large telescope with a lens, usually the largest refractor at an observatory with an equatorial mount.
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Gregor von Bochmann
Gregor von Bochmann (1 June 1850, Nehatu - 12 February 1930, Hösel, near Düsseldorf) was a Baltic-German landscape and genre painter.
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Greig (Russian nobility)
Greig is the name of noble family of Scottish origin.
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Gustav Ernesaks
Gustav Ernesaks (12 December 1908 – 24 January 1993) was an Estonian composer and a choir conductor.
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Gustav Ernesaks (weightlifter)
Gustav Ernesaks (2 August 1896, Harjumaa, Governorate of Estonia – 2 September 1932, Sydney, Australia) was an Estonian weightlifter.
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Gustav Ernst von Stackelberg
Graf Gustav Ernst von Stackelberg (Густав Оттонович Стакельберг) (5 June 1766, Reval, Governorate of Estonia – 18 April 1850, Paris, France) was a Russian diplomat of Baltic-German descent, and was the son of Otto Magnus von Stackelberg.
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Gustav von Below
Gustav Ernst Anton Wilhelm von Below (18 July 1790 – 19 November 1843) was the son of Livonian born Prussian hauptmann Karl Gustav von Below (1759–1840) and Charlotte Wilhelmine von Woedtke (1757–1798), one of three brothers and two sisters.
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Harrien County
Harrien County (Kreis Harrien, Kreis Harju, Kreis Reval, Revelsky Uyezd, Gariensky Uyezd) was one of the four counties of the Russian Empire located in the Governorate of Estonia.
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Heinrich Uukkivi
Heinrich Uukkivi (10 May 1912 – 12 April 1943) was an Estonian association football, bandy and ice hockey player.
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Helmut Maandi
Helmut Maandi (5 June 1906, Sikeldi, Kreis Harrien, Governorate of Estonia – 27 October 1990) was an Estonian statesman.
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Hermynia Zur Mühlen
Hermynia Zur Mühlen, or Hermynia zur Mühlen, born as Hermine Isabelle Maria Gräfin Folliot de Crenneville, also Folliot de Crenneville-Poutet (December 12, 1883 – March 20, 1951) was an Austrian writer and translator.
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Hiiumaa
Hiiumaa (German & Dagö; Dagø; Hiidenmaa) is the second largest island (989 km²) in Estonia.
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History of Estonia
The history of Estonia forms a part of the history of Europe.
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History of the administrative division of Russia
The modern administrative-territorial structure of Russia is a system of territorial organization which is a product of a centuries-long evolution and reforms.
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Hjalmar Mäe
Hjalmar-Johannes Mäe (in Tuhala, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire – 10 April 1978 in Graz, Austria) was an Estonian politician.
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House of Dolgorukov
The House of Dolgorukov is a princely Russian family of Rurikid stock.
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Ida Loo-Talvari
Ida Loo-Talvari (née Ida Loo, 19 June 1901, Narva, Estonian Governorate, Russian Empire – 29 June 1997, Stenungsund, near Göteborg, Sweden) was an Estonian opera singer.
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Ivan Essen
Ivan Nikolaevich Essen (Иван Николаевич Эссен; Johann Magnus Gustav von Essen 30 September 1759 – 20 July or 23 August 1813) was a Russian Empire's lieutenant general and military governor of Riga at the start of the Patriotic War of 1812.
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Ivan Gannibal
Ivan Abramovich Gannibal (Иван Абрамович Ганнибал; June 5, 1735 – October 12, 1801) was an eminent Russian military leader.
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Ivan Ivanovich Michelson
Ivan Ivanovich Michelson (sometimes transliterated as Mikhelson; Ива́н Ива́нович Михельсо́н; Johann von Michelsohnen; 3 May 1740 – 17 August 1807) was a Baltic-German military commander who served in the Russian Imperial Army.
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Iwan Müller
Ivan Müller, sometimes spelled Iwan Mueller (1786 in Reval, Estonia – 1854 in Bückeburg), was a clarinetist, composer and inventor who at the beginning of the 19th century was responsible for a major step forward in the development of the clarinet, the air-tight pad.
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Jacob Linzbach
Jacob Linzbach (21 June 1874 – 30 April 1953) was an Estonian linguist.
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Jakob von Uexküll
Jakob Johann Baron von Uexküll (8 September 1864 – 25 July 1944) was a Baltic German biologist who worked in the fields of muscular physiology, animal behaviour studies, and the cybernetics of life.
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Jüri Uluots
Jüri Uluots (13 January 1890 – 9 January 1945) was an Estonian prime minister, journalist, prominent attorney and distinguished Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Tartu.
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Jerwen County
Jerwen County (Kreis Jerwen, Kreis Weissenstein, Järva kreis, Paide kreis, Йервенский уезд, Вейсенштейнский уезд) was one of the four counties of the Russian Empire located in the Governorate of Estonia.
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Johann Friedrich von Brandt
Johann Friedrich von Brandt (25 May 1802 – 15 July 1879) was a German naturalist, who worked mostly in Russia.
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Johannes Haller
Johannes Haller (October 16, 1865 – December 24, 1947) was a Baltic German medievalist and teacher at the universities of Tübingen, Marburg and Giessen.
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Johannes Soodla
Johannes Soodla (14 January 1897 in Kudina Parish, (now in Palamuse Parish) – 16 May 1965) was an Estonian military officer during World War I, Estonian War of Independence and World War II, serving in Kuperjanov's Partisan Battalion and the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian).
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Juhan Kukk
Juhan (Johann) Kukk VR III/1 (in Käru, Salla Parish (now in Rakke Parish), Viru County, Estonia – 4 December 1942 in Kargopol, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Soviet Union) was an Estonian politician.
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Kadriorg Palace
Kadriorg Palace (Kadrioru loss, Schloss Katharinental) is a Petrine Baroque palace built for Catherine I of Russia by Peter the Great in Tallinn, Estonia.
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Karl Ernst von Baer
Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer, Edler von Huthorn (Карл Эрнст фон Бэр; –) was an Estonian scientist and explorer.
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Karl Gustav von Baggovut
Karl Gustav von Baggehufwudt (Baggovut) (Карл Фёдорович Багговут., Carl Feodorovitš Baggovut (27(J:16) September 1761 in Perila, Estonia18 (J:06) October 1812) was a lieutenant general of the Russian Empire who took part both in Napoleonic Wars and Finnish War. His family was originally Norwegian, but had moved to Sweden in the 16th century, then to Estonia in the 17th century. He was seen as one of the bravest Russian generals and, on his death at the Battle of Tarutino (or Winkowo), Alexander I of Russia wrote to his widow, "I have lost a brave commander, useful to the fatherland".
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Karl Nikolai von Nolcken
Karl Nikolai von Nolcken (February 2, 1830 (Köljal/Kõljala, Ösel) - January 22, 1913 (Kuressaare, Ösel was a Baltic German pastor, translator, linguist and folklorist.
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Karl Plutus
Karl Plutus (11 September 190412 November 2010) was an Estonian jurist and the oldest verified living Estonian man in 2008–2010.
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Karl Wilhelm von Toll
Count Karl Wilhelm von Toll (Карл Вильгельм Фёдорович Толль; 9 April 1777, Keskvere, Governorate of Estonia – 5 May 1842) was a Baltic German aristocrat and Russian subject who served in the Imperial Russian Army in the campaigns against the Napoleonic Army.
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Knudåge Riisager
Knudåge Riisager (6 March 1897 in Kunda, Estonia – 26 December 1974 in Copenhagen, Denmark) was a Danish composer.
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Konstantin Päts
Konstantin Päts (– 18 January 1956) was the most influential politician of interwar Estonia, and served five times as the country's head of state.
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Landtag
A Landtag (State Diet) is a representative assembly (parliament) in German-speaking countries with legislative authority and competence over a federated state (Land).
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List of cities of the Russian Empire in 1897
The following is a list of the largest cities in the Russian Empire according to the 1897 Russian Imperial Census.
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List of countries by population in 1800
This is a list of countries by population in 1800.
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List of Estonian films
This is a list of most notable films produced in Estonia and in the Estonian language in chronological order.
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List of Estonian flags
The national flag of Estonia is a tricolour featuring three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white.
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List of governorates of the Russian Empire
This is a list of governorates of the Russian Empire (pre-1918 spelling: губернія, Post-1918 spelling: губерния) established between the administrative reform of 1708 and the establishment of the Kholm Governorate in 1912.
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List of largest optical telescopes historically
Telescope have grown in size since they first appeared around 1608.
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List of palaces
No description.
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List of political entities in the 19th century
This is a list of political entities that existed between 1801 and 1900.
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List of predecessors of sovereign states in Europe
This is a list of all present sovereign states in Europe and their predecessors.
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List of uyezds of the Russian Empire
This is a list of counties of the Russian Empire ---- ∑ 670 items.
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Livonia
Livonia (Līvõmō, Liivimaa, German and Scandinavian languages: Livland, Latvian and Livonija, Inflanty, archaic English Livland, Liwlandia; Liflyandiya) is a historical region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea.
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Login Geiden
Imperial Count Lodewijk Sigismund Vincent Gustaaf van Heiden (Ло́гин Петро́вич Ге́йден; transliterated Russian name: Login Petrovich Geiden) (6 September 1772 – 17 October 1850) was a Dutch Admiral who commanded a squadron of the Imperial Russian Navy in the Battle of Navarino (1827).
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Ludwig August Mellin
Count Ludwig August Mellin (23 January 1754 in Tuhala, Governorate of Reval – 12 March 1835 in Riga, Governorate of Livonia) was a Baltic German politician, cartographer, writer and publicist.
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Mahtra War
Mahtra War (Mahtra sõda) was a peasant insurgency at the Mahtra estate (now in Rapla County, 60 km from Tallinn) in Estonia, in the then Russian Empire in May-July 1858.
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Marie Under
Marie Under (– 25 September 1980) was one of the greatest Estonian poets.
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Mihkel Martna
Mihkel Martna (17 September 1860 Veltsa parish, Paimpere – 23 May 1934 Tallinn) was an Estonian politician and journalist.
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Mihkel Müller
Mihkel Müller (21 October 1887 – 19 December 1970) was an Estonian wrestler.
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Miina Härma
Miina Härma (9 February 1864 – 16 November 1941) was a widely recognised Estonian composer. She was the second Estonian musician with higher education. Her greatest contribution is perhaps the fact that she took organ music to the countryside, as virtually no skilled organists gave concerts outside of towns. During her 60-year period of creativity, she wrote more than 200 choral songs, 10 cavatinas, a canto, "Kalev and Linda" and much more. Most of her works were forms of vocal music, rather than instrumentals.
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Military districts of the Russian Empire
In the Imperial Russian Army, a military district (вое́нный о́круг, voyenny okrug) was a territorial association of military units, formations, military schools, and various local military establishments.
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Modern history
Modern history, the modern period or the modern era, is the linear, global, historiographical approach to the time frame after post-classical history.
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Narva River
The Narva (Narva jõgi, Нарва) (or Narova) is a river flowing into the Baltic Sea, the largest river in Estonia by discharge.
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Nikolai Anderson
Nikolai Karl Adolf Anderson (24 September 1845 in Kulina, Estonia – 9 March 1905 in Narva, Estonia) was a Baltic German philologist who specialized in comparative linguistics of Finno-Ugric languages.
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Nikolai Essen
Nikolai Ottovich (von) Essen (Николай Оттович фон Эссен) (11(23) December 1860, Saint Petersburg – 7(20) May 1915, Reval) was a Russian naval commander and admiral from the Baltic German Essen family.
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Nikolai Vekšin
Nikolai Vekšin (in Haapsalu, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire – 15 January 1951 in Norillag, Norilsk, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) was a Russian and Soviet sailor who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics.
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Nikolai von Glehn
Alexander Nikolai von Glehn (16 July 1841 in Jälgimäe Manor, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire – 7 September 1923 in Brazil), was a Baltic German landowner and public figure, most notable for being the founder of the town of Nõmme (now part of Tallinn).
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Oscar Arthur von Riesemann
Oscar Arthur von Riesemann (15 August 1833, Reval, Russian Empire (modern-day Tallinn, Estonia) – 15 July 1880, Reval) was a Baltic German lawyer and politician who was the mayor of Reval from 22 December 1877 to 6 April 1878.
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Oskar Angelus
Oskar Angelus (May 7, 1892 - November 3, 1979) was an Estonian politician and collaborator with Nazi Germany.
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Oskar Kaplur
Oskar Kaplur (Oscar F. Kaplyur; Оска́р Фри́дрихович Каплю́р; – 20 September 1962) was a Russian wrestler.
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Otto Magnus von Stackelberg (archaeologist)
Count Otto Magnus Baron von Stackelberg (25 July 1786 – 27 March 1837) was a Baltic German, Imperial Russian archaeologist, as well as a writer, painter and art historian.
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Otto Strandman
Otto August Strandman (– 5 February 1941) was an Estonian politician, who served as Prime Minister (1919) and State Elder of Estonia (1929–1931).
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Otto Tief
Otto Tief (– 5 March 1976) was an Estonian politician, military commander (during the Estonian War of Independence), and a lawyer.
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Paul Hoffmann (neurophysiologist)
Paul Hoffmann (July 1, 1884 – March 9, 1962) was a German neurophysiologist, chiefly known for describing Hoffmann's sign.
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Paul Kogerman
Paul Nikolai Kogerman (in Tallinn – 27 July 1951 Tallinn) was an Estonian chemist and founder of modern research in oil shale.
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Paul von Rennenkampf
Paul Georg Edler von Rennenkampf(f) (Russified into Павел-Георг Карлович (фон) Ренненкампф, Pavel-Georg Karlovich (von) Rennenkampf; – 1 April 1918) was an Baltic German nobleman and military leader of Baltic German extraction, General of the Cavalry (1910), General-Adjutant (1912), who served in the Imperial Russian Army.
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Peeter Põld
Peeter Siegfried Nikolaus Põld (12 July 1878 in Puru, Kreis Wierland, Governorate of Estonia – 1 September 1930) was an Estonian pedagogic scientist, school director and politician (member of the Estonian People's Party), and the first Estonian Minister of Education.
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Peter August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
Peter August Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (7 December 1697 – 22 March 1775) was a Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck.
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Peter the Great
Peter the Great (ˈpʲɵtr vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj), Peter I (ˈpʲɵtr ˈpʲɛrvɨj) or Peter Alexeyevich (p; –)Dates indicated by the letters "O.S." are in the Julian calendar with the start of year adjusted to 1 January.
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Peter von Glehn
Peter von Glehn (Пётр Петрович Глен, Pyotr Petrovich Glen; in Jälgimäe, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire – in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Russian botanist.
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Population and housing censuses by country
This is a list of national population and housing censuses.
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Provisional Land Council of Vidzeme
Provisional Land Council of Vidzeme (Latvian: Vidzemes Pagaidu zemes padome, Russian: Временный земский совет Лифляндской губернии) was created in the Governorate of Livonia on March 13, 1917 following the democratic February Revolution in Russian Empire.
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Reginald Uba
Reginald Uba (26 July 1911 – 15 August 1972) was an Estonian middle-distance runner.
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Reval (disambiguation)
Reval is the former name of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia.
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Roman von Ungern-Sternberg
Baron Roman Nicolaus Maximilian von Ungern-Sternberg (Барон Ро́берт-Никола́й-Максими́лиан Рома́н Фёдорович фон У́нгерн-Ште́рнберг)adopted Russian name: Роман Фёдорович фон Унгерн-Штернберг, which transliterates as Roman Fyodorovich fon Ungern-Shternberg (10 January 1886 NS – 15 September 1921) was an Austrian-born Russian anti-Bolshevik lieutenant general in the Russian Civil War and then an independent warlord whose Asiatic Cavalry Division wrested control of Mongolia from the Republic of China in 1921 after its occupation.
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Rudolf Tobias
Rudolf Tobias (– 29 October 1918) was the first Estonian professional composer, as well as a professional organist.
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Russians in Estonia
The population of Russians in Estonia is estimated at 320,000, most of whom live in the urban areas of Harju and Ida-Viru counties.
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Salawat Yulayev
Salawat Yulayev (Салауат Юлай-улы, Salawat Yulay-ulı; Салават Юлаев; 16 June 1754 – 26 September 1800) is a Bashkir national hero who participated in Pugachev's Rebellion.
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Salme (village)
Salme (სალმე, Сальме/Ҧсоу, Salme, Сальме) is a village in Abkhazia, Georgia.
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Samuel Greig
Samuel Greig, or Samuil Karlovich Greig (Самуи́л Ка́рлович Грейг), as he was known in Russia (30 November 1735, Inverkeithing, Fife, Scotland – 15 October 1788, Tallinn, Estonia, Russian Empire) was a Scottish-born Russian admiral who distinguished himself in the Battle of Chesma (1770) and the Battle of Hogland (1788).
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Samuel H. Shapiro
Samuel Harvey Shapiro (born Israel Shapiro; April 25, 1907 – March 16, 1987) was the 34th Governor of Illinois, serving from 1968 to 1969.
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Scottish Russians
Scottish Russians are Russians with full (or partial) Scottish ancestry.
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Serfdom
Serfdom is the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism.
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Serfdom in Russia
The term serf, in the sense of an unfree peasant of the Russian Empire, is the usual translation of krepostnoi krestyanin (крепостной крестьянин).
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Serge Wolkonsky
Prince Serge Wolkonsky (also referred to as Sergei Mikhailovitch Volkonsky; Серге́й Миха́йлович Волко́нский) (4 May 1860 – 25 October 1937) was an influential Russian theatrical worker, one of the first Russian proponents of eurhythmics, pupil and friend of Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, and creator of an original system of actor's training that included both expressive gesture and expressive speech.
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Stenbock House
Stenbock House (Stenbocki maja) is a prominent neo-classical building located on Toompea hill, Tallinn.
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Tallinn
Tallinn (or,; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Estonia.
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Territorial changes of the Baltic states
Territorial changes of the Baltic states refers to the redrawing of borders of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia after 1940.
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Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
The abolition of slavery occurred at different times in different countries.
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Timeline of historical geopolitical changes
This is a timeline of country and capital changes around the world.
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Timeline of Russian history
This is a timeline of Russian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Russia and its predecessor states.
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Toompea
Toompea (from Domberg, "Cathedral Hill") is a limestone hill in the central part of the city of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia.
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Toompea Castle
Toompea Castle (Toompea loss) (Castrum Danorum) is a castle on Toompea hill in the central part of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia.
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Uku Masing
Uku Masing (born Hugo Albert Masing, 11 August 1909 – 25 April 1985) was an Estonian philosopher.
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United Baltic Duchy
The proposed United Baltic Duchy, (Vereinigtes Baltisches Herzogtum, Balti Hertsogiriik, Apvienotā Baltijas hercogiste) also known as the Grand Duchy of Livonia, was a state proposed by the Baltic German nobility and exiled Russian nobility after the Russian Revolution and German occupation of the Courland, Livonian, and Estonian governorates of the Russian Empire.
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Valter Ever
Valter Ever (6 November 1902 – 10 July 1981) was an Estonian athlete.
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Vasili Fersen
Baron Hans William (Vasili) von Fersen (Ганс Вильям (Василий) Николаевич Ферзен) (May 14, 1858 – May 6, 1937) was an admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy.
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Vladimir Dolgorukov
Vladimir Dolgorukov may refer to.
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Wiek County
Wiek County (Kreis Wiek, Kreis Haapsalu, Kreis Hapsal, Viksky Uyezd, Gapsalsky Uyezd) was one of the four counties of the Russian Empire located in the Governorate of Estonia.
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Wierland County
Wierland County (Kreis Wierland, Kreis Viru, Kreis Rakvere, Vezenbergsky Uyezd, Virlyandsky Uyezd) was one of the four counties of the Russian Empire located in the Governorate of Estonia.
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Wilhelm Greiffenhagen
Thomas Wilhelm Greiffenhagen (19 November 1821 – 28 December 1890) was a Baltic German journalist and politician who was the mayor of Reval (now Tallinn) from June 1883 to August 1885.
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William von Wirén
William von Wirén (in Suuresadama, Hiiumaa – 23 November 1956 in Stockholm) was an Estonian sailor who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics.
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Wolfgang Köhler
Wolfgang Köhler (21 January 1887 – 11 June 1967) was a German psychologist and phenomenologist who, like Max Wertheimer, and Kurt Koffka, contributed to the creation of Gestalt psychology.
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1816
This year was known as the Year Without a Summer, because of low temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere, the result of the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1815.
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1858
No description.
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1870 in rail transport
No description.
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1905
As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War began, more than 100,000 died in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos lead to a revolution against the Tsar (Shostakovich's 11th Symphony is subtitled The Year 1905 to commemorate this).
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1905 in Russia
Events from the year 1905 in Russia.
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1905 Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire, some of which was directed at the government.
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1906 in literature
This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1906.
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1917
This year was famous for the October Revolution in Russia, by Vladimir Lenin.
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1917 in Russia
Events from the year 1917 in Russia.
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90th Anniversary of the Estonian Republic
The 90th Anniversary of Estonian Republic (or more commonly used Estonia 90) is an official government program for the celebration of the Republic of Estonia's 90th anniversary.
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Redirects here:
Duchy of Estonia (1721–1917), Esthonia Governorate, Esthonia Province, Esthonian Province, Estland Government, Estland Governorate, Estland Province, Estland gubernia, Estonia (province), Estonia Governorate, Estonia Province, Estonian Governorate, Estonian Province, Government of Reval, Governorate of Estland, Governorate of Reval, Governorate of Tallinn, Province of Esthonia, Province of Estland, Province of Estonia, Province of Reval, Reval Government, Reval Governorate, Reval Province, Revel Governorate, Russian Estonia.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governorate_of_Estonia