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Grandee

Index Grandee

Grandee (Grande,; Grande) is an official aristocratic title conferred on some Spanish nobility and, to a lesser extent, Portuguese nobility. [1]

468 relations: Academia de Genealogía y Heráldica Mota-Padilla, Adolfo Ruspoli, 2nd Duke of Alcudia, Adolfo Suárez, Adrien Maurice de Noailles, Agustín Fernando Muñoz, Duke of Riánsares, Agustín Muñoz, 1st Duke of Tarancón, Alberico da Barbiano, Alberto Octavio Tserclaes de Tilly, Alejandro Cao de Benós, Alejandro O'Reilly, Alfonso Félix de Ávalos Aquino y Gonzaga, Marquis del Vasto, Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz, Aline Griffith, Countess of Romanones, Almanach de Gotha, Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, Ambrogio Spinola, An Agreement of the People, Ana Francisca de Borja y Doria, Andrés Fernández Pacheco, 10th Duke of Escalona, Andronikashvili, Anne Rhys, 7th Duchess of Ciudad Rodrigo, Anne-Adrien-Pierre de Montmorency-Laval, Antoine de Lévis-Mirepoix, Antoine, 13th Prince of Ligne, Antonio Álvarez de Toledo, 5th Duke of Alba, Antonio de la Cerda, 7th Duke of Medinaceli, Antonio González de Aguilar, 8th Marquis of la Vega de Armijo, Antonio Sebastián de Toledo, 2nd Marquis of Mancera, Apocalypticism, Arms, titles, honours and styles of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Army Council (1647), Artabanus III of Parthia, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Assassination of the Marquesses of Urquijo, Auguste Marie Raymond d'Arenberg, Aztecs, Ágatha Ruiz de la Prada, Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquess of Santa Cruz, Álvaro de Bazán, 2nd Marquis of Santa Cruz, Álvaro de Figueroa, 1st Count of Romanones, Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas, Íñigo Fernández de Velasco, 2nd Duke of Frías, Íñigo Fernández de Velasco, 4th Duke of Frías, Íñigo Melchor de Velasco, 7th Duke of Frías, Baldomero Espartero, Prince of Vergara, Barebone's Parliament, Baron, Baudouin, 12th Prince of Ligne, Baztan, Navarre, Beltrán Alfonso Osorio, 18th duke of Alburquerque, ..., Beltrán de la Cueva, 1st Duke of Alburquerque, Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 14th Duke of Frías, Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 1st Duke of Frías, Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 6th Duke of Frías, Bishopsgate mutiny, Brazilian nobility, Caballerizo mayor, Camarera mayor de Palacio, Camilo Ruspoli, 4th Duke of Alcudia and Sueca, Cantabria, Carlo Emanuele Ruspoli, 3rd Duke of Morignano, Carlos Arias Navarro, Carlos Eugénio Correia da Silva, Count of Paço de Arcos, Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba, Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 4th Duke of Liria and Jérica, Carlos María Fitz-James Stuart, 16th Duke of Alba, Carlos Martínez de Irujo, Duke of Sotomayor, Carlos Miguel Fitz-James Stuart, 14th Duke of Alba, Carlos O'Donnell, 2nd Duke of Tetuan, Carlos Ruspoli, 3rd Duke of Alcudia and Sueca, Carlos Ruspoli, 5th Duke of Alcudia and Sueca, Carlota de Godoy, 2nd Duchess of Sueca, Carmen Franco, 1st Duchess of Franco, Carmen Polo, 1st Lady of Meirás, Carmine Caracciolo, 5th Prince of Santo Buono, Causes of the Dutch Revolt, Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba, Chamber of Peers (Spain), Chariots of Fire, Charles Henri Hector d'Estaing, Charles Joseph, comte Bresson, 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Duke of Grimaldi, Joaquín de Roncali, 1st Marquis of Roncali, Joaquín Fernández de Portocarrero, Joaquín José de Melgarejo y Saurín, Joaquín Manglano y Cucaló de Montull, Joaquim José Inácio, Viscount of Inhaúma, Joaquina Téllez-Girón, Marquise of Santa Cruz, John of Austria, John William, Baron Ripperda, Jorge de Cárdenas y Manrique de Lara, José Antônio Moreira Filho, 2nd Baron of Ipanema, José Antonio Primo de Rivera, José Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba, José Calvo Sotelo, José Carrillo de Albornoz, 1st Duke of Montemar, José de Garro, José de Palafox y Melci, José de Salamanca, 1st Count of los Llanos, José de Yanguas, 11th Viscount of Santa Clara de Avedillo, José Gabriel de Silva-Bazán, 10th Marquess of Santa Cruz, José Gutiérrez de la Concha, 1st Marquis of Havana, José Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo, 18th Duke of Medina Sidonia, José Luis de Vilallonga, José María Queipo de Llano, 7th Count of Toreno, José Miguel de Carvajal-Vargas, 2nd Duke of San Carlos, José Moñino, 1st Count of Floridablanca, José Moscardó Ituarte, José Osorio y Silva, José Sarmiento de Valladares, 1st Duke of Atrisco, Josemaría Escrivá, Joseph Gage, Juan Alonso Pimentel de Herrera, Juan de la Cerda, 2nd Duke of Medinaceli, Juan de la Cerda, 4th Duke of Medinaceli, Juan de la Cerda, 5th Duke of Medinaceli, Juan de la Cerda, 6th Duke of Medinaceli, Juan de Zavala, Juan Francisco Pacheco y Téllez-Girón, 4th Consort Duke of Uceda, Juan López Pacheco, Duke of Escalona, Juan Manuel Fernández Pacheco, 8th Duke of Escalona, Juan Manuel Sánchez, Duke of Almodóvar del Río, Juan Prim, 1st Marquis of los Castillejos, Juan Téllez-Girón, 2nd Duke of Osuna, Karl Heinrich von Nassau-Siegen, Khevenhüller, Kingdom of England, Lamoral, 1st Prince of Ligne, Leoncio Alonso González de Gregorio, 22nd Duke of Medina Sidonia, Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo, Leopoldo O'Donnell, 1st Duke of Tetuan, Levellers, List of coats of arms of the Capetian dynasty, List of coats of arms of the House of Stuart, List of current Grandees 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Vélez, Pedro Morenés, Pedro Nuño Colón de Portugal, 6th Duke of Veragua, Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, 10th Count of Aranda, Pedro Sarmiento, 3rd Marquis of Mancera, Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Duke of Osuna, Pedro Téllez-Girón, 8th Duke of Osuna, Pedro Téllez-Girón, 9th Duke of Osuna, Peerage of France, Peerages in the United Kingdom, Pheasant Island, Philip, Duke of Parma, Philippe François de Berghes, 1st Prince of Grimberghen, Philippe II de Croÿ, Philippe Jules François Mancini, Philippe Spinola, Pier Luigi de Borgia, 1st duke of Gandía, Portuguese heraldry, Portuguese Restoration War, President of the International Olympic Committee, Pride's Purge, Primogeniture, Prince, Prince Marco of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, 19th Duke of Medinaceli, Prince of Belmonte, Princes of Craon, Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen, Princess Victoria of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, 20th Duchess of Medinaceli, Putney Debates, Quezon City, Rafael de Medina, 20th Duke of Feria, Ramón María Narváez, 1st Duke of Valencia, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, Ramiro I of Asturias, Red River (1948 film), Reform Club, Republicanism in the United Kingdom, Robert Esnault-Pelterie, Robert Wallop, Rodrigo Calderón, Count of Oliva, Rodrigo Ponce de León, 4th Duke of Arcos, Royal Household of Spain, Ruy Gómez de Silva, Sabino Fernández Campo, 1st Count of Latores, Same-sex marriage in Spain, Santander, Spain, Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön, Second Protectorate Parliament, Secret Princes, September 1932, Spanish heraldry, Spanish nobility, Spanish royal family, Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki, Sumiller de Corps, Suo jure, Surrey, Tello Alfonso, Lord of Aguilar de Campoo, Teresa Sampsonia, The Most Excellent, The Protectorate, Third Protectorate Parliament, Thomas Andrewes, Thomas Hammond (regicide), Thomas Rawton, Thomas Waite (regicide), Throne room, Timeline of London, Tomás de la Cerda, 3rd Marquis of la Laguna, Tomás de Zumalacárregui, Tomás Terry, Torcuato Fernández-Miranda, United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal, 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Academia de Genealogía y Heráldica Mota-Padilla

The Academia de Genealogía y Heráldica Mota-Padilla (Academy of Genealogy and Heraldry Mota-Padilla) was a cultural institution based in Guadalajara, Jalisco, the second largest city in Mexico.

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Adolfo Ruspoli, 2nd Duke of Alcudia

Don Adolfo Ruspoli y Godoy (di Bassano), de Khevenhüller-Metsch y Borbón, dei Principi Ruspoli (Bordeaux, December 28, 1822 – Paris, February 4, 1914) was a Spanish aristocrat, son of the prince Camillo Ruspoli and wife Carlota de Godoy y Borbón, 2nd Duchess of Sueca.

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Adolfo Suárez

Adolfo Suárez González, 1st Duke of Suárez, GE, KOGF, OCIII (25 September 1932 – 23 March 2014) was a Spanish lawyer and politician.

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Adrien Maurice de Noailles

Adrien Maurice de Noailles, 3rd Duke of Noailles (29 September 1678 – 24 June 1766) was a French nobleman and soldier.

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Agustín Fernando Muñoz, Duke of Riánsares

Don Agustin Fernando Muñoz y Sánchez (4 May 180811 September 1873), Duke of Riánsares and Montmorot, Marquis of San Agustín, was the second and morganatic husband of Maria Christina, Regent of Spain.

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Agustín Muñoz, 1st Duke of Tarancón

Don Agustín Maria Muñoz y de Borbon, 1st Duke of Tarancón, Grandee of Spain (es: Don Agustín Maria Muñoz, duque de Tarancón) (15 March 1837 – 15 July 1855) was the eldest son of Maria Christina, Regent of Spain, and of her morganatic husband Agustín Fernando Muñoz, 1st Duke of Riánsares.

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Alberico da Barbiano

Alberico da Barbiano (c. 1344–1409) was the first of the Italian condottieri.

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Alberto Octavio Tserclaes de Tilly

Alberto Octavio Tserclaes de Tilly (also known as Antonio) (1646 – 10 September 1715) was a Spanish general of Flemish origins, the grandson of a brother of General Johann Tserclaes Count of Tilly, who acquired fame in the Thirty Years War.

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Alejandro Cao de Benós

Alejandro Cao de Benós de Les y Pérez (born 1974) is a Spanish political activist with close relations with North Korea.

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Alejandro O'Reilly

Marshal Alejandro, Conde de O'Reilly (1722, Dublin, Ireland – March 23, 1794, Bonete, Spain) (English: Alexander, Count de O'Reilly), was an Irish-born military reformer and Inspector-General of Infantry for the Spanish Empire in the second half of the 18th century.

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Alfonso Félix de Ávalos Aquino y Gonzaga, Marquis del Vasto

Alfonso Félix de Ávalos Aquino y Gonzaga, VIII marquis of Pescara and IV marquis of Vasto (Ischia 1564 – Rome, 2 December 1593), was an Italian noble in the service of the King of Spain.

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Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz

Alfonso, Duke of Anjou, Duke of Cádiz, Grandee of Spain (Alfonso Jaime Marcelino Manuel Víctor María de Borbón y Dampierre, French citizen as Alphonse de Bourbon; 20 April 1936 – 30 January 1989) was a grandson of King Alfonso XIII of Spain, a potential heir to the throne in the event of restoration of the Spanish monarchy, and a Legitimist claimant to the defunct throne of France as Alphonse II.

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Aline Griffith, Countess of Romanones

María Aline Griffith Dexter, Countess of Romanones (22 May 1923 – 11 December 2017) was an American-born Spanish aristocrat, socialite, and writer who worked in the US Office of Strategic Services (OSS) during World War II and later for the CIA as a spy.

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Almanach de Gotha

The Almanach de Gotha (Gothaischer Hofkalender) was a directory of Europe's royalty and higher nobility, also including the major governmental, military and diplomatic corps, as well as statistical data by country.

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Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia

Alonso Pérez de Guzmán y de Zúñiga-Sotomayor, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, GE, KOGF (10 September 155026 July 1615), was a Spanish navy officer who was most noted for his role as commander-in-chief of the Spanish Armada.

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Ambrogio Spinola

Ambrogio Spinola Doria, 1st Marquess of The Balbases, GE, KOGF, KOS (Genoa, 1569Castelnuovo Scrivia, 25 September 1630) was a Genoese general who served for the Spanish crown and won a number of important battles.

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An Agreement of the People

An Agreement of the People was a series of manifestos, published between 1647 and 1649, for constitutional changes to the English state.

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Ana Francisca de Borja y Doria

Ana Francisca Hermenegilda de Borja y Doria, condesa de Lemos (1640–1706) was the wife of Peruvian Viceroy Pedro Antonio Fernández de Castro, conde de Lemos.

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Andrés Fernández Pacheco, 10th Duke of Escalona

Don Andrés María Hipólito Casiano José Antonio Cayetano Fernández Pacheco y Moscoso Acuña Silva Manrique Girón Portocarrero y Portugal, twice Grandee of Spain, 10th Duke of Escalona, 10th Marquis of Villena, 16th Count of Castañeda, 12th Count of San Esteban de Gormaz and 10th Count of Xiquena (13 August 1710 – 27 June 1746), was a Spanish aristocrat and academician.

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Andronikashvili

The Andronikashvili (ანდრონიკაშვილები), sometimes known as Endronikashvili (ენდრონიკაშვილები), was a princely family in Georgia who claimed descent from emperor Andronicos I of the Eastern Roman Empire and played a prominent role in political, military and religious life of Georgia.

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Anne Rhys, 7th Duchess of Ciudad Rodrigo

Anne Maud Rhys, 7th Duchess of Ciudad Rodrigo, known in the United Kingdom as Lady Anne Maud Rhys (née Wellesley; 2 February 1910 – 1998), was a British aristocrat, a noblewoman in the Spanish nobility, and socialite.

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Anne-Adrien-Pierre de Montmorency-Laval

Anne-Adrien-Pierre de Montmorency, duc de Laval (29 October 1768, Paris – 16 June 1837, Paris), was 3rd Duc de Laval and a peer of France.

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Antoine de Lévis-Mirepoix

Antoine Pierre Marie François Joseph de Lévis-Mirepoix (1 August 1884 in Léran, Ariège – 16 July 1981, in Lavelanet) was a French historian, novelist and essayist.

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Antoine, 13th Prince of Ligne

Antoine Maria Joachim Lamoral, Prince of Ligne, Prince of Épinoy, Prince of Amblise, Grandee of Spain (born 8 March 1925, Brussels, Belgium) was the son of Eugène, 11th Prince of Ligne and Philippine de Noailles.

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Antonio Álvarez de Toledo, 5th Duke of Alba

Antonio Álvarez de Toledo y Beaumont, 5th Duke of Alba, Grandee of Spain, (in full, Don Antonio Álvarez de Toledo y Beaumont de Navarra, quinto duque de Alba de Tormes, tercer duque de Huéscar, sexto conde de Lerín y de Salvatierra, quinto marqués de Coria, octavo Condestable de Navarra, señor de los estados de Valdecorneja y Huéscar, y de las baronías de Dicastillo, San Martín, Curton y Guissens), (1568 – 29 January 1639) was a Spanish nobleman and politician.

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Antonio de la Cerda, 7th Duke of Medinaceli

Antonio de la Cerda, 7th Duke of Medinaceli, Grandee of Spain, (in full, Don Antonio Juan de la Cerda y Toledo, séptimo duque de Medinaceli, sexto marqués de Cogolludo, segundo marqués de la Laguna de Camero Viejo, sexto conde del Puerto de Santa María, Grande de España, señor de las villas de Deza y Enciso, Virrey.), (25 October 1607 – 7 March 1671) was a Spanish nobleman.

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Antonio González de Aguilar, 8th Marquis of la Vega de Armijo

Don Antonio González de Aguilar y Correa, 8th Marquis of la Vega de Armijo, 6th Marquis of Mos, Grandee of Spain, KOGF (Madrid, Spain; 1824–1908) was a Spanish noble and politician who served as Prime Minister of Spain between 1906 and 1907, and was appointed three times Minister of State, in governments headed by Práxedes Mateo Sagasta.

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Antonio Sebastián de Toledo, 2nd Marquis of Mancera

Antonio Sebastián Álvarez de Toledo Molina y Salazar, 2nd Marquis of Mancera, Grandee of Spain (c. 1608 – Madrid,1715) was a Spanish nobleman and diplomat who served as Viceroy of New Spain from October 15, 1664 to December 8, 1673.

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Apocalypticism

Apocalypticism is the religious belief that there will be an apocalypse, a term which originally referred to a revelation, but now usually refers to the belief that the end of the world is imminent, even within one's own lifetime.

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Arms, titles, honours and styles of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (–14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman and one of the leading military and political figures of the 19th century.

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Army Council (1647)

The Army Council was a term first used in 1647 to describe an institution which coordinated the views of all levels of the New Model Army.

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Artabanus III of Parthia

Artabanus III of Parthia (اردوان سوم), flourished second half of 1st century BCAD 38, was a Prince of Iranian and Greek ancestry.

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Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, (1 May 1769 – 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain, serving twice as Prime Minister.

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Assassination of the Marquesses of Urquijo

The Spanish nobles María Lourdes de Urquijo, 5th Marchioness of Urquijo and Grandee of Spain, and her husband Manuel de la Sierra, were murdered in their Madrid home on 1 August 1980.

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Auguste Marie Raymond d'Arenberg

Prince Auguste Marie Raymond d'Arenberg, Count of La Marck Grandee of Spain (30 August 1753 – 26 September 1833),Eliakim Littell, Robert S. Littell (editors 1851).Littell's living age, T. H. Carter & Co., 1851 was the second son and fourth child of Charles, 5th Duke of Arenberg, the head of the House of Arenberg (and who still held the rank of sovereign princes).

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Aztecs

The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521.

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Ágatha Ruiz de la Prada

Ágatha Ruiz de la Prada y Sentmenat (born 22 July 1960) is a Spanish noble and fashion designer.

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Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquess of Santa Cruz

Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz de Mudela (12 December 15269 February 1588), was a Spanish admiral.

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Álvaro de Bazán, 2nd Marquis of Santa Cruz

Álvaro de Bazán, 2nd Marquis of Santa Cruz, a.k.a. Álvaro de Bazán y Benavides, a.k.a. Alvaro II de Bazán, (12 September 1571 in Naples, Italy – 1646), was the son of Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz.

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Álvaro de Figueroa, 1st Count of Romanones

Álvaro de Figueroa y Torres-Sotomayor, 1st Count of Romanones, GE, OCIII (9 August 1863 – 11 October 1950) was a Spanish politician.

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Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas

Don Ángel de Saavedra y Ramírez de Baquedano, 3rd Duke of Rivas (Ángel de Saavedra y Ramírez de Baquedano, Duque de Rivas) (10 March 179122 June 1865), was a Spanish poet, dramatist and politician born in Córdoba.

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Íñigo Fernández de Velasco, 2nd Duke of Frías

Íñigo Fernández de Velasco, 2nd Duke of Frías, Grandee of Spain, (in full, Don Íñigo Fernández de Velasco y López de Mendoza, segundo duque de la villa de Frías, cuarto conde de Haro, octavo Condestable de Castilla, mayorazgo y señor de la Casa de Velasco, Caballero del Toisón de Oro), (1462–17 September 1528), was a Spanish nobleman and Duke of Frias.

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Íñigo Fernández de Velasco, 4th Duke of Frías

Íñigo Fernández de Velasco, 4th Duke of Frías, Grandee of Spain, (in full, Don Íñigo Fernández de Velasco y Girón, cuarto duque de Frías, segundo marqués de Berlanga, sexto conde de Haro, segundo conde de Castilnovo, Condestable de Castilla, mayorazgo y señor de la Casa de Velasco, señor de la Casa y Estado de Tovar, Camarero mayor de Felipe II), (– 1585), was a Spanish nobleman.

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Íñigo Melchor de Velasco, 7th Duke of Frías

Íñigo Melchor Fernández de Velasco, 7th Duke of Frías, GE, KOS (c. 1635 – 27 September 1696), was a Spanish nobleman and Governor-General of the Spanish Netherlands.

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Baldomero Espartero, Prince of Vergara

Joaquín Baldomero Fernández-Espartero y Alvarez de Toro, 1st Prince of Vergara, 1st Duke of la Victoria, 1st Duke of Morella, 1st Count of Luchana, 1st Viscount of Banderas (27 February 17938 January 1879) was a Spanish general and politician, who served as the Regent of Spain.

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Barebone's Parliament

Barebone's Parliament, also known as the Little Parliament, the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on 4 July 1653, and was the last attempt of the English Commonwealth to find a stable political form before the installation of Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector.

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Baron

Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary.

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Baudouin, 12th Prince of Ligne

Baudouin, 12th Prince of Ligne (1918–1985) (Baudouin Marie Lamoral de Ligne, Prince de Ligne et du Saint-Empire, Prince d'Amblise et d'Epinoy, Grand d'Espagne) Following the death of his father, he became the head of one of the most prestigious Belgian noble families.

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Baztan, Navarre

Baztan is a municipality from the Chartered Community of Navarre, northern Spain.

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Beltrán Alfonso Osorio, 18th duke of Alburquerque

Beltrán Alfonso Osorio y Díez de Rivera, 18th Duke of Alburquerque (15 December 1918 – 8 February 1994), was a Grandee of Spain and an amateur jockey.

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Beltrán de la Cueva, 1st Duke of Alburquerque

Beltrán de la Cueva y Alfonso de Mercado, 1st Duke of Alburquerque (c. 1443 – 1 November 1492) was a Spanish nobleman who is said to have fathered Joan, the daughter of Henry IV of Castile's wife Joan of Portugal.

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Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 14th Duke of Frías

Don Bernardino Fernández de Velasco-Pacheco y Benavides, 14th Duke of Frías, Grandee of Spain, KOGF (1783 in Madrid – 1851) was a Spanish noble, politician, diplomat and writer who served in 1838 as Prime Minister of Spain.

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Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 1st Duke of Frías

Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 1st Duke of Frías, Grandee of Spain (c. 1450 – 9 February 1512) was a Spanish nobleman and military figure of the last stages of the Reconquista.

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Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 6th Duke of Frías

Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 6th Duke of Frias, Grandee of Spain, (c. 1610 – 1652), was a Spanish nobleman and diplomat.

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Bishopsgate mutiny

The Bishopsgate mutiny occurred in April 1649 when soldiers of Colonel Edward Whalley's regiment of the New Model Army refused to obey orders and leave London.

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Brazilian nobility

The Brazilian nobility refers to the titled aristocrats and fidalgo families recognized by the Kingdom of Brazil and later, by the Empire of Brazil dating back to the early 19th century, when it was a colony of the Kingdom of Portugal.

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Caballerizo mayor

The Caballerizo major (Great Equerry) was the Officer of the Royal Household and Heritage of the Crown of Spain in charge of the trips, the mews and the hunt of the King of Spain.

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Camarera mayor de Palacio

The Camarera mayor de Palacio (First Lady of the Bedchamber) was the Official of the Royal Household and Heritage of the Crown of Spain, who was in charge of the person and the rooms of the Queen of Spain.

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Camilo Ruspoli, 4th Duke of Alcudia and Sueca

Don Camilo Carlos Adolfo Ruspoli y Caro, Álvarez de Toledo y Caro, dei Principi Ruspoli (Madrid, June 5, 1904 – Madrid, November 20, 1975) was a Spanish aristocrat, son of Carlos Ruspoli, 3rd Duke of Alcudia and Sueca, and first wife Doña María del Carmen Caro y Caro, Álvarez de Toledo y Gomurcio.

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Cantabria

Cantabria is a historic Spanish community and autonomous community with Santander as its capital city.

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Carlo Emanuele Ruspoli, 3rd Duke of Morignano

Don Carlo Emanuele Maria (Carlos Manuel María) Ruspoli y Soler, di Brazzà-Cergneu-Savorgnan y Borghi, dei Principi Ruspoli di Poggio Suasa e di Cerveteri, 3rd Duke of Morignano, Noble of Viterbo and of Orvieto, Patrizio Romano, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Duke of Plasencia (jure uxoris) (born October 29, 1949 in Rome) is a nobleman and architect.

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Carlos Arias Navarro

Don Carlos Arias Navarro, 1st Marquis of Arias-Navarro, Grandee of Spain (11 December 1908 – 27 November 1989) was one of the best known Spanish politicians during the reign of Generalissimo Francisco Franco.

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Carlos Eugénio Correia da Silva, Count of Paço de Arcos

Carlos Eugénio Corrêa da Silva, 1st Viscount and 1st Count of Paço de Arcos (December 17, 1834 – November 5, 1905), was a Portuguese statesman.

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Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba

Carlos Fitz-James Stuart y Martínez de Irujo, 19th Duke of Alba de Tormes, GE, OIC, OSG, OSJ (né Martínez de Irujo y Fitz-James Stuart; born 2 October 1948), is a Spanish aristocrat.

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Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 4th Duke of Liria and Jérica

Don Carlos Bernardo Fitz-James Stuart y Silva, 4th Duke of Liria and Jérica, 4th Duke of Berwick (25 March 1752 – 7 September 1787) was a Spanish nobleman.

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Carlos María Fitz-James Stuart, 16th Duke of Alba

Carlos María Fitz-James Stuart y Palafox, 16th Duke of Alba, GE (December 4, 1849 – October 15, 1901) was a Spanish nobleman.

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Carlos Martínez de Irujo, Duke of Sotomayor

Don Carlos Fernando Martínez de Irujo y McKean, 2nd Marquis of Casa Irujo, jure uxoris Duke of Sotomayor, Grandee of Spain (14 December 1802 in Washington, D.C. – 26 December 1855 in Madrid) was a Spanish noble and politician who served as Prime Minister of Spain.

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Carlos Miguel Fitz-James Stuart, 14th Duke of Alba

Carlos Miguel Fitz-James Stuart y Silva, 14th Duke of Alba, GE (19 May 1794 – 7 October 1835) was a Spanish aristocrat.

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Carlos O'Donnell, 2nd Duke of Tetuan

Don Carlos Manuel O'Donnell y Álvarez de Abreu, 2nd Duke of Tetuan Grandee of Spain, 9th Marquis of Altamira and 2nd Count of Lucena (Valencia, 1 June 1834 – Madrid, 9 February 1903) was a Spanish noble and politician who served four times as Minister of State, the name which then received the Spanish Foreign Minister.

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Carlos Ruspoli, 3rd Duke of Alcudia and Sueca

Don Carlos Luis (Carlo Luigi) Ruspoli y Álvarez de Toledo, de Godoy (di Bassano) y Silva-Bazán, dei Principi Ruspoli (Madrid, 1 March 1858 – assassinated in the Spanish Civil War in Madrid, 10 November 1936) was a Spanish aristocrat, son of Adolfo Ruspoli y Godoy, 2nd Duke of Alcudia, and wife Dona Rosalia Álvarez de Toledo y Silva-Bazán, de Palafox-Portocarrero y Téllez-Girón.

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Carlos Ruspoli, 5th Duke of Alcudia and Sueca

Don Carlos Oswaldo Ruspoli y Morenés, Caro y Arteaga, dei Principi Ruspoli (San Sebastián, 5 August 1932 – 25 October 2016) was a Spanish aristocrat, son of Carlos Ruspoli, 4th Duke of Alcudia and Sueca, and wife Dona María de Belén Morenés y Arteaga, García-Alesson y Echaguë, 18th Countess of Bañares.

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Carlota de Godoy, 2nd Duchess of Sueca

Carlota de Godoy y Borbón, 2nd Duchess of Sueca, twice Grandee of Spain (in full, Doña Carlota Luisa Manuela de Godoy (di Bassano) y Borbón, segunda duquesa de Sueca, segunda marquesa de Boadilla del Monte, segunda condesa de Evoramonte, com honras de parente (Portugal), dama de la Orden de María Luisa y de la Orden de Santa Isabel de Portugal), (7 October 1800 - 13 May 1886) was a Spanish aristocrat, daughter of Manuel de Godoy and his first wife, Doña María Teresa Carolina de Borbón y Vallabriga, Farnesio y Rozas. She inherited her mother's titles and / or representations and all of her father's Spanish and Portuguese titles and / or representations, and was the 97th Noble Dame of the Royal Order of Queen María Luisa on 10 October 1800, 2nd Condessa de Évora Monte in Portugal de Juro e Herdade with Honours of Relative, 2nd Duquesa de Sueca (Letter of 18 July 1830), three times Grandee of Spain First Class (Royal Cedule of 14 March 1831), 16th Condesa de Chinchón with a Coat of Arms of de Borbón (Letter of 1831), 2nd Marquesa de Boadilla del Monte (Confirmation of 22 October 1852 and Letter of 30 April 1853, which she had previously obtained already, through the cession of her mother, and which she gave to her son Luis), Señora de Chinchón and of the eleven villages of this State, of Boadilla del Monte and its jurisdictions, lady of numerous villages and jurisdictions, Dame of the Order of Saint Isabel Queen of Portugal.

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Carmen Franco, 1st Duchess of Franco

María del Carmen Franco y Polo, 1st Duchess of Franco, Grandee of Spain, Dowager Marchioness of Villaverde (14 September 1926 – 29 December 2017) was the only child of Spain's Caudillo General Francisco Franco and his wife Carmen Polo y Martínez-Valdés.

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Carmen Polo, 1st Lady of Meirás

María del Carmen Polo y Martínez-Valdés, 1st Lady of Meirás, Grandee of Spain (11 June 1900 – 6 February 1988) was the wife of General and dictator Francisco Franco.

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Carmine Caracciolo, 5th Prince of Santo Buono

Carmine Nicolao Caracciolo, 5th Prince of Santo Buono, Grandee of Spain (July 6, 1671, Bucchianico, Naples – July 26, 1726, Madrid) was Spanish Viceroy of Peru from October 5, 1716 to January 26, 1720.

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Causes of the Dutch Revolt

The causes of the Dutch Revolt and the ensuing Eighty Years War, considered to have started in June 1568, were a number of incidents and frictions had accumulated between the Dutch provinces and their Habsburg overlord.

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Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba

María del Rosario Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart y Silva, 18th Duchess of Alba, GE, OIC, OSH, DOA, OAX, OSG, OPC (28 March 1926 – 20 November 2014), was head of the House of Alba and the third woman to hold the dukedom of Alba in her own right.

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Chamber of Peers (Spain)

The Chamber of Peers (Spanish: Cámara de Pares) was the upper house in the Spanish Cortes.

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Chariots of Fire

Chariots of Fire is a 1981 British historical drama film.

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Charles Henri Hector d'Estaing

Jean Baptiste Charles Henri Hector, comte d'Estaing (24 November 1729 – 28 April 1794) was a French general and admiral.

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Charles Joseph, comte Bresson

Charles-Joseph, comte Bresson (27 March 1798 in Epinal – 2 November 1847 in Naples) was a French diplomat.

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Charles Juste de Beauvau, Prince of Craon

Charles Juste de Beauvau, Prince of Craon (10 September 1720 – 21 May 1793), 2nd Prince of Craon (1754), Marshal of France (1783) was a French scholar, nobleman and general.

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Charles Stuart, that man of blood

Charles Stuart, that man of blood was a phrase used by Independents, during the English Civil War to describe King Charles I. The phrase is derived from the Bible: This and another verse were used to justify regicide.

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Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington

Arthur Charles Valerian Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington (born 19 August 1945) is a British aristocrat and politician.

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Church of St Dyfnog, Llanrhaeadr

The Church of St Dyfnog, Llanrhaeadr-yng-Nghinmeirch, Denbighshire, Wales is a parish church dating from the 13th century.

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Cipriano de Palafox y Portocarrero, 13th Duke of Peñaranda del Duero

Don Cipriano de Palafox y Portocarrero, Count de Montijo (15 September 178415 March 1839, Madrid), was a Spanish nobleman, politician, and soldier.

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Cipriano Muñoz, 2nd Count of la Viñaza

Cipriano Muñoz y Manzano, 2nd Count of la Viñaza, (Zaragoza, 3 October 1862 – Biarritz, France, 23 November 1, 1933) was a Spanish diplomat and academic who served as a deputy to the Spanish Congress and published notable works on linguistics, philology, and art history.

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Claude Abraham de Tubières de Grimoard de Pestel de Lévis, duc de Caylus

Claude Abraham de Tubières de Grimoard de Pestel de Lévis (c. 1672 - 1759) was a French military leader.

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Claude Lamoral, 3rd Prince of Ligne

Claude Lamoral, 3rd Prince of Ligne, Prince of Epinoy, Marquis of Roubaix and Count of Fauquemberg (8 October 1618 – 21 December 1679), was a nobleman from the Spanish Netherlands, a soldier and diplomat in the service of Philip IV of Spain and Charles II of Spain.

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Claudio López Bru

Claudio López y Bru Lassús, segundo Marqués de Comillas (Catalan: Claudi López i Bru, segon Marquès de Comillas) and Grandee of Spain (1853 in Barcelona – 1925 in Madrid), was a Catalan businessman, an immensely rich shipping magnate and landowner.

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Coat of arms of Lleida

The Coat of Arms of the city of Lleida has its origins in the 13th century and has the following heraldic description: An escutcheon in lozenge.

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Cogolludo

Cogolludo is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain.

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Complutense University of Madrid

The Complutense University of Madrid (Universidad Complutense de Madrid or Universidad de Madrid, Universitas Complutensis) is a public research university located in Madrid, and one of the oldest universities in the world.

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Constitution

A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.

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Coronet

In English, a coronet is a small crown consisting of ornaments fixed on a metal ring.

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Count of Echauz

Count of Echauz is a Spanish hereditary peerage title which was created by King Charles III of Spain and Naples in 1784 and bestowed upon José Manuel de Acedo y Jiménez de Loyola, heir of the Majorat of Loyola, Acedo and Lord of Riocavado.

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Cristóbal Colón de Carvajal, 17th Duke of Veragua

Vice admiral Cristóbal Colón de Carvajal y Maroto, 17th Duke of Veragua, 16th Duke of la Vega, 18th Marquess of Aguilafuente, 15th Marquess of Jamaica, GE, OIC, OSH, KOS, OCC, OVN, OMY, OMC (born 29 January 1925 – 6 February 1986) was a Spanish Navy officer, statesman and a direct descendant of Christopher Columbus.

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Cristóbal Colón de Carvajal, 18th Duke of Veragua

Vice admiral Cristóbal Colón de Carvajal y Gorosábel, 18th Duke of Veragua, 17th Duke of la Vega, 19th Marquess of Aguilafuente, 16th Marquess of Jamaica, GE, OIC (October 4, 1949 -) is a Spanish nobleman, businessman and formerly an officer, helicopter pilot, and commander of a naval vessel in the Spanish Navy.

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Cristóbal Colón, 14th Duke of Veragua

Admiral Cristóbal Colón y de la Cerda, 14th Duke of Veragua, 12th Marquess of Jamaica GE, KOGF, OCIII, OVV (8 June 1837 in Madrid – 30 October 1910 in Madrid), was a Spanish Minister of Public Works during the regency of Maria Christina of Austria and Minister of the Navy during the same period and during the reign of Alfonso XIII.

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Cristóbal de Moscoso y Montemayor

Cristóbal de Moscoso y Montemayor (died 27 January 1749 in Madrid), also known as the Count de las Torres, was a Spanish noble and military.

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Crown (heraldry)

A crown is often an emblem of a sovereign state, a monarch's government, or items endorsed by it (see The Crown).

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Cuban nobility

Cuban nobility encompasses all the individuals and families recognized in Cuba as members of the aristocratic class, hence possessing inheritance privileges.

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Deaths in October 2010

The following is a list of notable deaths in October 2010.

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Declaration of Lex Talionis

Early in the First English Civil War the Long Parliament threatened to retaliate in kind if the Royalists tried and executed John Lilburne and two other Parliamentary offices for treason.

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Die Entführung aus dem Serail

(K. 384; The Abduction from the Seraglio; also known as) is an opera Singspiel in three acts by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

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Diego del Alcázar, 10th Marquis of la Romana

Diego del Alcázar Silvela (born August 30, 1950 in Avila, Spain) is Grandee of Spain and the 10th Marquis of la Romana (direct descendant of Pedro Caro y Sureda, 3rd Marquis of la Romana, who led the Spanish troops in Denmark in 1807–1808 during the Peninsular war).

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Diego Felipez de Guzmán, 1st Marquis of Leganés

Diego Mexía Felípez de Guzmán y Dávila (1580–1655), Viscount of Butarque and first Marquis of Leganés, was a Spanish politician and army commander.

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Diego Fernández de Cáceres y Ovando

Diego Fernández de Cáceres y Ovando (– Monleón, aft. February 2, 1487) was a Spanish military and nobleman.

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Diego López de Haro y Sotomayor

Diego López de Haro y Sotomayor or Diego de Haro y Portocarrero (died 1582) was a Spanish noble holding the titles of Señor Lubrín y Sorbas, Almería and 10th Señor del Carpio, a title which was elevated to 1st Marques del Carpio in 1559 by Philip II of Spain.

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Diego Pacheco Téllez-Girón Gómez de Sandoval

Diego Pacheco Téllez-Girón Gómez de Sandoval, also called Diego Fernández de Velasco y Pacheco or Diego Pacheco Telles Giron Fernandez de Velasco y Enrique (1754 – Paris, 1811), was a Spanish noble and politician, who supported the French during the Peninsular War, and who was therefore known as an Afrancesado.

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Diggers

The Diggers were a group of Protestant radicals in England, sometimes seen as forerunners of modern anarchism, and also associated with agrarian socialism and Georgism.

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Djô d'Eloy

Djô d'Eloy born Adolfo de Jon Xalino (May 21, 1953, June 4, 2005) was a famous Cape Verdean singer, composer and guitarist.

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Doctor (title)

Doctor is an academic title that originates from the Latin word of the same spelling and meaning.

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Doctor of Philosophy

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD or Ph.D.; Latin Philosophiae doctor) is the highest academic degree awarded by universities in most countries.

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Doctorate

A doctorate (from Latin docere, "to teach") or doctor's degree (from Latin doctor, "teacher") or doctoral degree (from the ancient formalism licentia docendi) is an academic degree awarded by universities that is, in most countries, a research degree that qualifies the holder to teach at the university level in the degree's field, or to work in a specific profession.

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Dominicus Corea

Dominicus Corea (Sinhalese family name Edirille Bandara) also known as Domingos Corea and Edirille Rala, was the son of Don Jeronimo Corea and Anna Corea.

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Domitila de Castro, Marchioness of Santos

Domitila (or Domitília) de Castro Canto e Melo (December 27, 1797 — November 3, 1867), 1st Viscountess with designation as a Grandee, then 1st Marchioness of Santos, was a Brazilian noblewoman and the long-term mistress and favorite of Emperor Pedro I.

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Don Giovanni de' Medici

Don Giovanni de' Medici (13 May 1567, in Florence – 19 July 1621, in Murano) was an Italian military commander, diplomat and architect.

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Don José Vidal

Don José Vidal (March 12, 1763, in A Coruña, Spain – August 22, 1823, in New Orleans, Louisiana) was a Spanish grandee who served in many different roles during the last decade of Louisiana's colonial period.

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Duchy of Plasencia

Duke of Plasencia (Ducado de Plasencia) is a hereditary title in the Spanish nobility.

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Duke

A duke (male) or duchess (female) can either be a monarch ruling over a duchy or a member of royalty or nobility, historically of highest rank below the monarch.

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Duke of Abrantes

Duke of Abrantes is a noble title that was created separately in the peerages of Spain, Portugal and France.

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Duke of Alba

Duke of Alba de Tormes (Duque de Alba de Tormes), commonly known as Duke of Alba, is a title of Spanish nobility that is accompanied by the dignity of Grandee of Spain.

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Duke of Almodóvar del Río

Duke of Almódovar del Río (Ducado de Almodóvar del Río) is a hereditary ducal title in the Spanish nobility which holds a Grandeeship of Spain 2nd Class.

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Duke of Arcos

The dukedom of Arcos was created by Queen Isabella I of Castile, on 20 January 1493, for Rodrigo Ponce de León, then Count of Arcos.

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Duke of Berwick

Duke of Berwick is a title that was created in the Peerage of England on 19 March 1687 for James FitzJames, the illegitimate son of King James II and Arabella Churchill.

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Duke of Bivona

The Sicilian title Duke of Bivona stems from the middle 16th century.

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Duke of Caminha

Duke of Caminha (Portuguese: Duque de Caminha) was a title created by royal decree, dated 14 December 1620, by King Philip III of Portugal (also known as Philip IV of Spain), to Dom Miguel Luís de Menezes, 6th Marquis of Vila Real and 8th Count of Vila Real.

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Duke of Escalona

Duke of Escalona is a Spanish noble title given by Henry IV of Castile in 1472 to Juan Pacheco, first Marquis of Villena.

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Duke of Fernandina

Duke of Fernandina is a hereditary title in the Spanish nobility.

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Duke of Franco

Duke of Franco (Duque de Franco) is a hereditary title in the Spanish nobility.

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Duke of Huéscar

Duke of Huéscar (Spanish: Duque de Huéscar) is a hereditary title in the Spanish nobility.

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Duke of la Alcúdia

Duke of la Alcudia (Spanish: Duque de la Alcudia) is a title of Spanish nobility, Grandee of Spain 1st class.

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Duke of la Torre

Duke of la Torre (Ducado de la Torre) is a hereditary ducal title in the spanish nobility, which holds a grandeeship of Spain 1st Class.

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Duke of Medina Sidonia

The Duke of Medina Sidonia is a grandee of Spain in Medina-Sidonia, holding the oldest extant dukedom in the kingdom, first awarded by King John II of Castile in 1445.

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Duke of Medinaceli

Duke of Medinaceli is a title of Spanish nobility.

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Duke of Moctezuma de Tultengo

Duke of Moctezuma de Tultengo (Duque de Moctezuma de Tultengo) is a hereditary title of Spanish nobility held by a line of descendants of Emperor Moctezuma II, the ninth Tlatoani, or ruler, of Tenochtitlan.

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Duke of Suárez

Duke of Suárez (Duque de Suárez) is a hereditary title in the Spanish nobility.

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Duke of Tetuán

Duke of Tetuan (Duque de Tetuán) is a hereditary title in the Spanish nobility.

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Duke of Villahermosa

The Duke of Villahermosa (in Spanish: Duque de Villahermosa) is a noble and Grandee of Spain.

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Dukedoms in Portugal

The highest hereditary title in the Portuguese monarchy.

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Dutch Revolt

The Dutch Revolt (1568–1648)This article adopts 1568 as the starting date of the war, as this was the year of the first battles between armies.

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Eddy Moreno

Eddy Moreno born Adolfo de Jon Xalino (1915-1983) was a famous Cape Verdean singer.

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Edmund Burke

Edmund Burke (12 January 17309 July 1797) was an Anglo-Irish statesman born in Dublin, as well as an author, orator, political theorist and philosopher, who after moving to London in 1750 served as a member of parliament (MP) between 1766 and 1794 in the House of Commons with the Whig Party.

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Electoral Carlism (Restoration)

Electoral Carlism of Restoration was vital to sustain Traditionalism in the period between the Third Carlist War and the Primo de Rivera dictatorship.

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Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo

Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo (March 1553 – 11 July 1576), more often known as "Leonora" or "Dianora", was the daughter of García Álvarez de Toledo, 4th Marquis of Villafranca, Duke of Fernandina, and the wife of Don Pietro de' Medici, a son of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

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Eleven Members

In 1647 eleven Presbyterian Members of the House of Commons of England were singled out by the Grandees of the New Model Army as their principle opponents in the House of Commons.

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Emilio Drake, 1st Marquess of Cañada Honda

Emilio María Juan Crisostomo Drake y de la Cerda, 1st Marquess of Cañada Honda, OIC, RMCS, MP (27 January 1855 – 2 July 1915), was a Spanish aristocrat and politician, member of the Congress of Deputies as well as senator for the province of Puerto Rico, a Spanish colony at the time.

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Emilio Mola

Emilio Mola y Vidal, 1st Duke of Mola, Grandee of Spain (9 July 1887 – 3 June 1937) was a Spanish Nationalist commander during the Spanish Civil War.

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Emoções

Emoções (Portuguese and Capeverdean Creole for "Emotions", ALUPEK: "Emosonis")' is an album recorded by Val Xalino.

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Empire of Brazil

The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and (until 1828) Uruguay.

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Engagers

The Engagers were a faction of the Scottish Covenanters, who made "The Engagement" with King Charles I in December 1647 while he was imprisoned in Carisbrooke Castle by the English Parliamentarians after his defeat in the First Civil War.

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English Army

The English Army existed while England was an independent state and was at war with other states, but it was not until the Interregnum and the New Model Army (raised by Parliament to defeat the Royalists in the English Civil War) that England acquired a peacetime professional standing army.

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Enrique de Aguilera y Gamboa

Enrique de Aguilera y Gamboa, 17th Marquis of Cerralbo (1845 – 1922), was a Spanish archaeologist and a Carlist politician.

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Erba-Odescalchi

Erba-Odescalchi, or Odescalchi, is the name of an Italian noble family of princely rank.

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Ermione

Ermione (1819) is a tragic opera (azione tragica) in two acts by Gioachino Rossini to an Italian libretto by Andrea Leone Tottola, based on the play Andromaque by Jean Racine.

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Esperanza Aguirre

Esperanza Aguirre y Gil de Biedma, Countess of Murillo and Bornos, Grandee of Spain (born 3 January 1952) is a Spanish politician and a former President of Madrid.

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Eugène, 8th Prince of Ligne

Eugène François Charles Joseph Lamoral de Ligne d'Amblise et d'Epinoy (Brussels, 28 January 1804 – Brussels, 20 May 1880), 8th Prince of Ligne and of the Holy Roman Empire was a Belgian diplomat and liberal politician.

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Eugénie de Montijo

Doña María Eugenia Ignacia Augustina de Palafox y KirkPatrick, 16th Countess of Teba, 15th Marchioness of Ardales (5 May 1826 – 11 July 1920), known as Eugénie de Montijo, was the last Empress Consort of the French (1853–70) as the wife of Napoleon III, Emperor of the French.

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Eugenia Martínez de Irujo, 12th Duchess of Montoro

María Eugenia Martínez de Irujo y Fitz-James Stuart, 12th Duchess of Montoro, GE (born 26 November 1968) is a Spanish aristocrat and socialite.

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Excellency

Excellency is an honorific style given to certain high-level officers of a sovereign state, officials of an international organization, or members of an aristocracy.

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Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Duke of Alba

Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez, 2nd Duke of Alva (in full, Don Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez de Quiñones, segundo Duque de Alba de Tormes, segundo marqués de Coria, conde de Salvatierra, señor del estado de Valdecorneja y del estado de Huéscar) (– 19 October 1531) was a Spanish nobleman, military leader and politician.

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Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 4th Duke of Alba

Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y Enríquez de Guzmán, 4th Duke of Alba, Grandee of Spain, (in full), (21 November 1537 – 11 December 1583), was a commander in the Spanish army during the Eighty Years' War.

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Fadrique de Toledo, 1st Marquis of Villanueva de Valdueza

Fadrique de Toledo or Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo Osorio (Naples, May 30, 1580 – Madrid, December 11, 1634), was a Spanish noble and admiral.

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Federico Carlos Gravina y Nápoli

Don Federico Carlos Gravina y Nápoli (August 12, 1756 - March 9, 1806) was a Spanish Admiral during the American Revolution and Napoleonic Wars.

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Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba

Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3rd Duke of Alba, GE, KOGF, GR (29 October 150711 December 1582), known as the Grand Duke of Alba in Spain and the Iron Duke in the Netherlands, was a Spanish noble, general, and diplomat.

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Fernando de Alencastre, 1st Duke of Linares

Fernando de Alencastre Noroña y Silva, 1st Duke of Linares, GE, KOS (April 15, 1662, Madrid, Spain – June 3, 1717, Mexico City) was a Spanish nobleman and military officer.

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Fernando de Silva, 12th Duke of Alba

Fernando de Silva y Álvarez de Toledo, 12th Duke of Alba, GE, KOGF, KOHS, KOC (27 October 1714 – 15 November 1776), was a Spanish politician and general who was Prime Minister of Spain in 1754.

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Fernando de Valenzuela, 1st Marquis of Villasierra

Fernando de Valenzuela, 1st Marquis of Villasierra, Grandee of Spain, (in full, Don Fernando de Valenzuela y Enciso, Núñez y Dávila, primer marqués de Villasierra, Grande de España, Virrey de Granada), (8 January 1630, Naples – 7 February 1692) was a Spanish royal favourite and minister.

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Fernando Enriquez de Ribera y de Moura, 6th Marquis of Tarifa

Fernando Enriquez de Ribera y de Moura, 6th Marquis of Tarifa (1614–1633), no issue, dead before his father, was the son of Fernando Enriquez de Ribera y Girón, 3rd duke of Alcalá de los Gazules, 5th Marquis of Tarifa, Viceroy of Sicily, 1632–1635, and Portuguese-Spanish Lady Beatriz de Moura y Corte-Real, daughter of Portuguese nobleman Cristóbal de Moura y Távora, a.k.a. Cristóvão de Moura, (1538–1613), 1st Marquess of Castelo Rodrigo, Viceroy of Portugal, 1603–1607, and a Grandee of Spain.

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Fernando Fitz-James Stuart, 15th Duke of Huéscar

Don Fernando Juan Fitz-James-Stuart y de Solís, 15th Duke of Huéscar, Grandee of Spain (born 14 September 1990), is a Spanish aristocrat.

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Fernando Primo de Rivera

Fernando Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte, 1st Marquess of Estella, 12th Count of Peña Vélez, 17th Count of Torres Rovellas, 23rd Count of Sobremonte (24 July 1831 – 23 May 1921) was a Spanish politician, and soldier.

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Fernando Ramírez de Haro, 10th Marquis of Villanueva del Duero

Don Fernando Ramírez de Haro y Aguirre, 10th Marquis of Villanueva de Duero (born 23 August 1976) is a Spanish aristocrat.

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Fernando Ramírez de Haro, 16th Count of Bornos

Don Fernando Ramírez de Haro y Valdés, 16th Count of Bornos, Grandee of Spain, Knight of the Real Maestranza de Caballería de Sevilla (b. 17 December 1949) is a Spanish noble and landowner.

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Fernando Ramon Folch, 2nd Duke of Cardona

Fernando Ramon Folch De Cardona, 2nd Duke of Cardona, (circa 1470 – Barcelona, 13 November 1543), was a Spanish noble.

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Fernando Ruiz de Castro Andrade y Portugal

Fernando Ruiz de Castro Andrade y Portugal (14 December 1548 - 20 September 1601) was a Galician (Spanish) nobleman who was Viceroy of Naples from 1599 to 1601.

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Fernando Valenzuela

Fernando Valenzuela Anguamea (born November 1, 1960) is a Mexican former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who played seventeen seasons, from 1980 to 1997, for six teams, primarily the Los Angeles Dodgers.

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Filippo Spinola, 2nd Marquis of the Balbases

Filippo Spinola, 2nd Marquis of Los Balbases (1594 in Genoa, Italy – 8 August 1659 in Madrid, Spain) was a Grandee of Spain, duke of San Severino, a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, General of the Spanish Army and President of the Council of Flanders.

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Flaith

A flaith (Irish) or flath (Modern Scottish Gaelic), plural flatha, in the Gaelic world, could refer to any member in general of a powerful family enjoying a high degree of sovereignty, and so is also sometimes translated as lord or aristocrat in the general sense, or can refer to sovereignty itself.

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Forms of address in Spain

Forms of address used in Spain are given below.

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Francesco Pio de Savoya

Francesco Pio de Savoya y de Moura (1672–1723) was a Spanish nobleman who held numerous hereditary and awarded titles.

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Francis Borgia, 4th Duke of Gandía

Saint Francis Borgia, S.J., 4th Duke of Gandía (Valencian: Francesc de Borja, Francisco de Borja) (28 October 1510 – 30 September 1572) was a great-grandson of Pope Alexander VI, a Grandee of Spain, a Spanish Jesuit, and third Superior General of the Society of Jesus.

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Francis Lascelles

Francis Lascelles(c. 1612–1667) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1645 and 1660.

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Francisco Armero Peñaranda

Francisco Armero Peñaranda (Fuentes de Andalucía, 3 May 1804 – Seville, 1 July 1866), Marquis of Nervión and Grandee of Spain was a Spanish Captain general of the Navy and politician.

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Francisco de Benavides

Francisco IV de Benavides y Dávila, (1 November 1640, Madrid – 1716), Viceroy of Sicily, 1678–1687, Viceroy of Naples, 1687–1696, 9th Count of Santisteban del Puerto since March 1666, was the second son of Diego de Benavides, 8th Count of Santisteban (1607–1666).

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Francisco de Borbón y Borbón

Francisco Enrique de Borbón y Borbón, Grandee of Spain (16 November 1912 - 18 November 1995), was a Spanish aristocrat and a distant relative of the Spanish Royal Family.

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Francisco de Borbón y Escasany, 5th Duke of Seville

Francisco de Paula Enrique de Borbón y Escasany, 5th Duke of Seville, Grandee of Spain (born 16 November 1943), is the current Duke of Seville and a distant relative of the Spanish royal family.

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Francisco de Moncada y Cardona

Francisco de Moncada y Cardona (Mequinenza, 9 October 1532 – Valencia, 12 November 1594).

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Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 10th Duke of Alburquerque

Francisco V Fernández de la Cueva y Fernández de la Cueva, (Genoa, Italy, 17 November 1666 – Madrid, Spain, 28 June 1724) was the 10th Duke of Alburquerque, Grandee of Spain, a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece since 1707, and viceroy of New Spain, Viceroy of Mexico, from 27 November 1702 to 14 January 1711.

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Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 8th Duke of Alburquerque

Don Francisco Fernández de la Cueva y Enriquez de Cabrera, 8th Duke of Alburquerque, Marquis of Cuéllar, Count of Ledesma and of Huelma, Grandee of Spain (1619 – March 27, 1676) was a Spanish military officer and viceroy of New Spain from August 15, 1653 to September 15, 1660.

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Francisco Franco, 2nd Lord of Meirás

Don Francisco de Asís Franco y Martínez-Bordiú, 2nd Lord of Meirás, Grandee of Spain, 11th Marquis of Villaverde (born 9 December 1954 in Madrid) is a Spanish aristocrat and grandson of Spanish caudillo Francisco Franco.

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Francisco Javier Castaños, 1st Duke of Bailén

Francisco Javier Castaños Aragorri Urioste y Olavide, 1st Duke of Bailén (es: Francisco Javier Castaños Aragorri Urioste y Olavide, primer Duque de Bailén.; 22 April 1758 – 24 September 1852), was a Spanish general during the Peninsular War.

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Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre

Don Francisco Serrano Domínguez Cuenca y Pérez de Vargas, 1st Duke of la Torre Grandee of Spain, Count of San Antonio (es: Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, primer duque de la Torre, conde de San Antonio; 17 December 1810 – 25 November 1885) was a Spanish marshal and statesman.

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Francisco Tadeo Calomarde y Arría

Francisco Tadeo Calomarde y Arría, 1st Duke of Santa Isabel (10 February 1773 – 19 July 1842) was a Spanish statesman.

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Francisco Téllez-Girón, 10th Duke de Osuna

Francisco de Borja Téllez-Girón y Pimentel, 10th Duke de Osuna, Grandee of Spain (in full, gentilhombre de cámara con ejercicio y servidumbre de Carlos IV y Fernando VII.), (6 October 1785 – 21 May 1820), was a Spanish nobleman.

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Gabriel de la Cueva, 5th Duke of Alburquerque

Gabriel de la Cueva y Girón, 5th Duke of Alburquerque, 2nd Marquess of Cuéllar, 5th Count of Ledesma, 5th Count of Huelma, GE, KOGF, KOA (ca. 1515 – 1571) was a Spanish nobleman and military leader who served as Viceroy of Navarre from 1560 to 1564 and Governor of Milan from 1564 to his death in 1571.

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Garcí Méndez II de Sotomayor

García Méndez de Sotomayor or Garcí Méndez II de Sotomayor, the second of his name (b. 1280 - d. ?) was a Castilian noble and head of the Méndez branch of the House of Sotomayor who founded the Señorio del Castillo de Carpio.

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García de Toledo Osorio, 4th Marquis of Villafranca

García Álvarez de Toledo y Osorio, 4th Marquis of Villafranca del Bierzo (29 August 1514 – 31 May 1577), was a Spanish general and politician.

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García de Toledo Osorio, 6th Marquis of Villafranca

García de Toledo Osorio or García Álvarez de Toledo Osorio, 6th Marquis of Villafranca, (25 April 1579 in Naples – 21 January 1649 in Madrid), Prince of Montalbano, 3rd Duke of Fernandina was a Spanish-Italian nobleman, military and a Grandee of Spain.

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Gaspar Méndez de Haro, 7th Marquis of Carpio

Gaspar Méndez de Haro, 7th Marquis of Carpio or Gaspar Méndez de Haro y Fernández de Córdoba, (1629 – 16 November 1687), 3 times a Grandee of Spain including the Carpio Marquisate since 10 May 1640 by king Philip IV of Spain, Governor of Flanders, Ambassador in Rome, 1677–1682, Viceroy of Naples, 1683 - died in office there in 1687, 2nd Duke of Montoro since November 1661, and many other high nobility titles, was a Spanish political figure and art collector.

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Gaspar Téllez-Girón, 5th Duke de Osuna

Gaspar Téllez-Girón, 5th Duke de Osuna (25 May 1625 – Madrid, 2 June 1694), 5th Marquess of Peñafiel, 9th Count of Ureña and other lesser titles, was a Spanish general and a Grandee of Spain, title bestowed by king Philip II of Spain on 5 February 1562 when Pedro Téllez-Girón y de la Cueva, 5th Count of Ureña, a.k.a. Pedro Girón de la Cueva, Viceroy of Naples, was given the title of 1st Duke of Osuna.

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Gastón de la Cerda, 3rd Duke of Medinaceli

Gastón de la Cerda, 3rd Duke of Medinaceli, Grandee of Spain, (in full, Don Gastón de la Cerda y Portugal, tercer duque de Medinaceli, segundo marqués de Cogolludo, segundo conde del Puerto de Santa María, Grande de España, señor de las villas de Deza, Enciso, Imón y Barahona, antes monje de la Orden de San Jerónimo, después caballero y comendador de la Orden de San Juan de Jerusalén, con honores de Gran Prior en la misma), (c. 1507 – 1552) was a Spanish nobleman.

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Gentilhombres Grandes de España con ejercicio y servidumbre

The Gentilhombres Grandes de España con ejercicio y servidumbre (Gentlemen of the Bedchamber Grandee of Spain) was a palatial class of honorary royal servants of the Royal Household and Heritage of the Crown of Spain, who were entrusted with certain functions at the service of the Monarch which they exercised by rigorous seniority.

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Gian Giacomo Teodoro Trivulzio

Giovanni (Gian) Giacomo Teodoro Trivulzio (1597 – 3 August 1656) was an Italian Cardinal who held several high functions in service of the Spanish Crown.

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Giulio Alberoni

Giulio Alberoni (30 May 1664 OS – 26 June NS 1752) was an Italian cardinal and statesman in the service of Philip V of Spain.

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Giuseppe Maria Tomasi

Saint Joseph Mary Tomasi, C.R. (Giuseppe Maria Tomasi di Lampedusa)(12 September 1649 – 1 January 1713), was an Italian Theatine Catholic priest, scholar, reformer and cardinal.

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Grand Marshals of the Rose Parade

The following is a list of Grand Marshals of the Rose Parade.

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Grande

Grande means "large" or "great" in many of the Romance languages.

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Grande, Germany

Grande is a municipality in Germany, in the state (''Bundesland'') of Schleswig-Holstein, in the district (''Kreis'') of Stormarn.

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Guillermo Luca de Tena, 1st Marquis of the Tena Valley

Don Guillermo Luca de Tena y Brunet, 1st Marquis del Valle de Tena, Grandee of Spain (born Madrid, June 8, 1927 - died there April 6, 2010) was a Spanish journalist.

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Hacienda Luisita

Hacienda Luisita is a sugar plantation located in the province of Tarlac, Philippines, that was bought in the late 1950s by the Cojuangco family from Compañía General de Tabacos de Filipinas.

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Héctor de Pignatelli y Colonna, Duque de Monteleón

Héctor de Pignatelli y Colonna, 3rd Duke of Monteleone (Ettore III; 1574–1622) was viceroy of Catalonia from 1603 to 1611, and in 1610 took the decision to expel the Spanish Moriscos born and living in Spain who were not willing to relinquish their Islamic faith.

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Hernando Fitz-James Stuart, 14th Duke of Peñaranda de Duero

Hernando Carlos María Teresa Fitz-James Stuart y Falcó (3 November 1882 – 7 November 1936) was a Spanish nobleman.

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Hispanism

Hispanism (sometimes referred to as Hispanic Studies or Spanish Studies) is the study of the literature and culture of the Spanish-speaking world, principally that of Spain and Hispanic America.

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Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná

Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná (11 January 1801 – 3 September 1856) was a politician, diplomat, judge and monarchist of the Empire of Brazil.

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Honoré Armand de Villars

Don Honoré Armand de Villars, 2e duc de Villars (4 October 1702, Paris – May 1770, Aix), Duke and Peer of France, Prince of Martigues, Grandee of Spain, Knight of the Golden Fleece, Viscount of Melun, Marquis of la Melle, Count of Rochemiley, was a French nobleman, soldier and politician.

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House of Arenberg

The House of Arenberg is an aristocratic lineage that is constituted by three successive families who took their name from Arenberg, a small territory of the Holy Roman Empire in the Eifel region.

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House of Borgia

The House of Borgia (Italian: Borgia; Spanish and Borja; Borja) was an Italo-Spanish noble family, which rose to prominence during the Italian Renaissance.

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House of Croÿ

The House of Croÿ is a family of European mediatized nobility, which held a seat in the Imperial Diet from 1486, and was elevated to the rank of Princes of the Holy Roman Empire in 1594.

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House of FitzJames

The House of FitzJames (or the House of FitzJames-Stuart) is a noble house of Scottish origin founded by James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick.

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House of Lara

The House of Lara (Spanish: Casa de Lara) is a noble family from the medieval Kingdom of Castile.

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House of Méndez de Sotomayor

The House of Méndez de Sotomayor is a branch of the House of Sotomayor that rose to prominence during King Ferdinand III of Castile's reign and went on to found the Señorio del Castillo de Carpio.

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House of Osorio

The House of Osorio is a Spanish noble lineage of the Crown of Castile.

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House of Rochechouart

The House of Rochechouart is an ancient noble family in France.

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House of Santcliment

The House of Santcliment is an aristocratic and noble Spanish Catalan House.

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Hugo O'Donnell, 7th Duke of Tetuan

Don Hugo O'Donnell, 7th Duke of Tetuan (born 29 September 1948), also known as Hugo O'Donnell y Duque de Estrada, is a Spanish Grandee.

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Iñigo Manuel Velez Ladrón de Guevara

Íñigo Manuel Velez Ladrón de Guevara y Tassis, (1642 – 5 November 1699) was a Spanish nobleman, 10th count of Oñate, 4th count of Villamediana, a Grandee of Spain, (title bestowed to his family in 1640 by king Philip IV of Spain in 1640), and many other lesser or more recent titles, was a Head of the Imperial Spain Couriers and Post Offices, and a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1687.

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Ignacio Ramírez de Haro, 15th Count of Bornos

Don Ignacio Fernando Ramírez de Haro y Pérez de Guzmán, 15th Count of Bornos, Grandee of Spain (20 September 1918 – 24 October 2010), born at San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, was a Spanish nobleman and the husband of Beatriz Valdés, 4th Marchioness of Casa Valdés.

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Il Perdono di Gesualdo

Il Perdono di Gesualdo (in English, The Pardon of Gesualdo) is an altarpiece created in 1609 by the Florentine painter Giovanni Balducci for a commission from the madrigal composer Carlo Gesualdo, Prince of Venosa, of the kingdom of Naples.

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Imperiali family

The Imperiali family is a princely noble family.

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Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria

Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria, Duchess of Hernani, Grandee of Spain (Margarita María de la Victoria Esperanza Jacoba Felicidad Perpetua de Todos los Santos de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias; born 6 March 1939), is the younger sister of King Juan Carlos and aunt of the reigning King Felipe VI of Spain.

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Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz

Infanta Pilar of Spain, Duchess of Badajoz, Dowager Viscountess of la Torre (Spanish: María del Pilar Alfonsa Juana Victoria Luisa Ignacia y Todos los Santos de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias; born 30 July 1936), sometimes known more simply as Pilar de Borbón is the elder daughter of Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona and Princess María Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, and older sister of King Juan Carlos I. She has also a younger sister, Infanta Margarita of Spain.

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Instrument of Government

The Instrument of Government was a constitution of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland.

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Interregnum (1649–1660)

The "interregnum" in England, Scotland, and Ireland started with the execution of Charles I in January 1649 (September 1651 in Scotland) and ended in May 1660 when his son Charles II was restored to the thrones of the three realms, although he had been already acclaimed king in Scotland since 1650.

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Interregnum (England)

The Interregnum was the period between the execution of Charles I on 30 January 1649 and the arrival of his son Charles II in London on 29 May 1660 which marked the start of the Restoration.

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Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 15th Duke of Alba

Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Ventimiglia, 15th Duke of Alba, GE (3 June 1821, Palermo, Sicily – 10 July 1881, Madrid, Spain) was a Spanish nobleman.

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Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba

Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Falcó, 17th Duke of Alba, GE, KOGF, OCIII, GCVO, LH, OL (17 October 1878 – 24 September 1953) was a Spanish noble, diplomat, politician and art collector.

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Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 3rd Duke of Berwick

Jacobo Francisco Eduardo Fitz-James Stuart y Colón de Portugal, 3rd Duke of Berwick, 10th Duke of Veragua, GE, KOGF (28 December 1718 – Valencia, 30 September 1785) was a Spanish Jacobite.

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James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick

James Francis (Jacobo Francisco) Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick, (Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France, 21 October 1696 – Naples, Italy, 2 June 1738) was a Jacobite and Spanish nobleman.

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James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick

James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, 1st Duke of Fitz-James, 1st Duke of Liria and Jérica (21 August 1670 – 12 June 1734) was an Anglo-French military leader, illegitimate son of King James II of England by Arabella Churchill, sister of the 1st Duke of Marlborough.

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Jean François de Bette, 3rd Marquess of Lede

Jean François de Bette, 3rd Marquess of Lede (6 December 1672 – Madrid, 11 January 1725) was a Belgian military commander in Spanish service.

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Jean Orry

Jean Orry (Paris, 4 September 1652 – Paris, 29 September 1719) was a French economist whose broad financial and governmental reforms in early 18th-century Bourbon Spain helped to further the implementation of centralized and uniform administration in that country.

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Jenaro Quesada, 1st Marquis of Miravalles

Jenaro Quesada y Matheus, 1st Marquis of Miravalles, Grandee of Spain, (in full, Don Genaro Quesada y Matheus, primer marqués de Miravalles), (6 February 1818 – 19 January 1889), was a Spanish soldier.

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Jerónimo Grimaldi, 1st Duke of Grimaldi

Pablo Jerónimo Grimaldi y Pallavicini, 1st Duke of Grimaldi, (6 July 1710 in Genoa – 30 October 1789) was a Spanish diplomat and politician.

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Joaquín de Roncali, 1st Marquis of Roncali

Don Joaquín Roncali y Ceruti, 1st Marquis of Roncali, Grandee of Spain (8 September 1811 in Cádiz, Spain – 6 February 1875 in Madrid, Spain) was a Spanish noble and politician who served as Minister of State in 1868.

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Joaquín Fernández de Portocarrero

Joaquín Fernández de Portocarrero y Mendoza, 4th Marquis of Almenara, 9th Count of Palma del Río (27 March 1681 – 22 June 1760) was a Grandee of Spain who served Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor as Viceroy of Sicily and interim Viceroy of Naples, before entering the priesthood in his late forties and rising to the rank of cardinal, ending his life as Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina.

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Joaquín José de Melgarejo y Saurín

Joaquín José de Melgarejo y Saurín, 1st Duke of San Fernando de Quiroga (Cox, Alicante, 23 January 1780 – Madrid, 9 April 1835), was a Spanish noble and politician.

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Joaquín Manglano y Cucaló de Montull

Joaquín Manglano y Cucaló de Montull, Grandee of Spain, 15.

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Joaquim José Inácio, Viscount of Inhaúma

Joaquim José Inácio, Viscount of Inhaúma (1 August 1808 – 8 March 1869), was a naval officer, politician and monarchist of the Empire of Brazil.

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Joaquina Téllez-Girón, Marquise of Santa Cruz

Doña Joaquina Téllez-Girón y Pimentel, Marquise of Santa Cruz, Grandee of Spain, suo jure 2nd Countess of Osilo (Spanish: Doña Joaquina Téllez-Girón, marquesa de Santa Cruz; 21 September 1784 – 17 November 1851) was a daughter of Pedro Téllez-Girón, 9th Duke of Osuna and María Josefa Pimentel, 12th Countess-Duchess of Benavente.

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John of Austria

John of Austria (Juan, Johann; 24 February 1547 – 1 October 1578) was an illegitimate son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. He became a military leader in the service of his half-brother, King Philip II of Spain, and is best known for his role as the admiral of the Holy Alliance fleet at the Battle of Lepanto.

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John William, Baron Ripperda

Juan Guillermo, Baron de Ripperdá, 1st Duke of Ripperdá (7 March 1684 in Oldehove5 November 1737 in Tétouan), was a political adventurer and Spanish Prime Minister.

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Jorge de Cárdenas y Manrique de Lara

Jorge de Cárdenas y Manrique de Lara (April 23, 1584 – October 30, 1644), 4th Duke of Maqueda and 6th Duke of Nájera, was a Spanish noble, military and statesman, born in Elche.

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José Antônio Moreira Filho, 2nd Baron of Ipanema

José Antônio Moreira Filho, the second baron grandee of Ipanema (27 August 1830 in Rio de Janeiro — 27 February 1899 in Rio de Janeiro), was a Brazilian businessman in real estate.

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José Antonio Primo de Rivera

José Antonio Primo de Rivera y Sáenz de Heredia, 1st Duke of Primo de Rivera, 3rd Marquis of Estella, GdE (April 24, 1903 – November 20, 1936), often referred to as José Antonio, was a Spanish lawyer, nobleman, politician, and founder of the Falange Española ("Spanish Phalanx"), later Falange Española de las JONS.

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José Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba

Don José Álvarez de Toledo Osorio y Gonzaga, 11th Marquis of Villafranca, Grandee of Spain, jure uxoris Duke of Alba de Tormes, Grandee of Spain (16 July 1756 – 9 June 1796) was a patron of the artist Francisco Goya.

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José Calvo Sotelo

José Calvo Sotelo (6 May 1893 – 13 July 1936) was a Spanish politician, minister of Finance during the Dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera and a leading figure of the anti-republican radical right during the Second Republic.

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José Carrillo de Albornoz, 1st Duke of Montemar

José Carrillo de Albornoz y Montiel, 1st Duke of Montemar, 3rd Count of Montemar, GE, KOGF, KOS (8 October 1671 – 26 June 1747) was a Spanish nobleman and military leader, who conquered the Two Sicilies, Oran and Mazalquivir.

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José de Garro

Marcos José de Garro Senei de Artola, nicknamed "El Santo" ("The Saint"), (1623–1702) was a Spanish military man who served in many positions in the colonial administration of the Spanish Empire.

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José de Palafox y Melci

José Revolledo de Palafox y Melzi, 1st Duke of Saragossa (es: José Revolledo de Palafox y Melci, duque de Zaragoza; 1776 – 15 February 1847) was a Spanish general who fought in the Peninsular War.

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José de Salamanca, 1st Count of los Llanos

José de Salamanca y Mayol, 1st Marquis of Salamanca and Grandee of Spain (23 May 1811, Málaga – 21 January 1883, Madrid) was a Spanish nobleman, politician and businessman.

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José de Yanguas, 11th Viscount of Santa Clara de Avedillo

Don José de Yanguas y Messía, 11th Viscount of Santa Clara de Avedillo (Linares, Jaén, Spain, 25 February 1890 – Madrid, Spain, 30 June 1974) was a Spanish noble, politician and diplomat who served as Minister of State during the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera and Ambassador to the Holy See during that of General Francisco Franco.

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José Gabriel de Silva-Bazán, 10th Marquess of Santa Cruz

José Gabriel de Silva-Bazán y Waldstein, 10th Marquess of Santa Cruz de Mudela (Madrid, 18 March 1782 – Madrid, 4 November 1839), was a Spanish noble, first Director of the Prado Museum between 1817 and 1820 and Mayordomo mayor between 1822 and 1823.

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José Gutiérrez de la Concha, 1st Marquis of Havana

José Gutiérrez De la Concha, 1st Marquis of Havana, 1st Viscount of Cuba, Grandee of Spain (Córdoba, Argentina, 4 June 1809 – Madrid, Spain, 5 November 1895) was a Spanish noble, general and politician, who served three times as Captain General of Cuba and once as the Prime Minister of Spain.

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José Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo, 18th Duke of Medina Sidonia

Don José Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo y Silva, 18th Duke of Medina Sidonia, 14th Marquis of Villafranca del Bierzo, 14th Marquis of los Vélez, 12th Duke of Fernandina, 13th Marquis of Molina and 22nd Count of Niebla, Grandee of Spain, Knight of the Real Maestranza de Caballería de Sevilla and of the Order of Alcántara (Madrid, Spain; 14 August 1826 – 15 February 1900) was a Spanish aristocrat and politician who served as Superior Chief of the Palace from 1885 until his death.

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José Luis de Vilallonga

José Luis de Vilallonga y Cabeza de Vaca, 9th Marquess of Castellbell (29 January 1920 – 30 August 2007) was a Spanish author, aristocrat and actor who co-starred with Audrey Hepburn in Breakfast at Tiffany's, and Julie Christie in Darling.

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José María Queipo de Llano, 7th Count of Toreno

José María Queipo de Llano y Ruiz de Saravia, 7th Count of Toreno, GE, OCIII, OIC (25 November 1786 – 16 September 1843), was a nineteenth-century Spanish politician and historian, who was Prime Minister of Spain.

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José Miguel de Carvajal-Vargas, 2nd Duke of San Carlos

José Miguel de Carvajal-Vargas y Manrique de Lara Polanco, 2nd Duke of San Carlos, (8 May 1771 in Lima, Perú – 27 September 1828 in París), 6th conde de Castillejo and 9th conde del Puerto, 10th "Correo Mayor de las Indias", was the son of Mariano Joaquín de Carvajal-Vargas y Brun, 8th conde del Puerto, (deceased April 1796), and Maria Manrique de Lara Polanco y Carrillo, daughter of the II Marquis of Lara, the grand son of Fermín Francisco de Carvajal-Vargas y Alarcón, born in Chile, 1st duke of San Carlos and Grandee of Spain, being a Secretary of State, some sort of Prime Minister of Spain under the Absolutist Restauration in the times of King Fernando VII of Spain, (1784–1833).

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José Moñino, 1st Count of Floridablanca

José Moñino y Redondo (es: José Moñino y Redondo, conde de Floridablanca) (October 21, 1728 – December 30, 1808) was a Spanish statesman.

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José Moscardó Ituarte

José Moscardó e Ituarte, 1st Count of the Alcázar of Toledo, Grandee of Spain (26 October 1878 – 12 April 1956) was the military Governor of Toledo Province during the Spanish Civil War.

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José Osorio y Silva

José Osorio y Silva (4 April 1825, Madrid - 30 December 1909, Madrid), 16th marquis of Alcañices, 16th Duke of Alburquerque and grandee of Spain, was a Spanish nobleman, politician and army officer.

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José Sarmiento de Valladares, 1st Duke of Atrisco

José Sarmiento de Valladares y Arines-Troncoso Romay, 1st Duke of Atrisco, Grandee of Spain, jure uxoris Count of Moctezuma (May 1643 in San Roman de Saxamonde, Galicia, Spain – September 10, 1708 in Madrid) was viceroy of New Spain from December 18, 1696 to November 3, 1701.

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Josemaría Escrivá

Saint Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer y Albás (9 January 1902 – 26 June 1975) was a Roman Catholic priest from Spain who initiated Opus Dei, an organization of laypeople and priests dedicated to the teaching that everyone is called to holiness by God and that ordinary life can result in sanctity.

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Joseph Gage

Joseph Edward Gage (c.1687 – 1766) was an entrepreneur and speculator.

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Juan Alonso Pimentel de Herrera

Juan Alonso Pimentel de Herrera (died 7 November 1621, in Benavente, Spain) was a Knight of the Order of Santiago, Grandee of Spain, 5th Duke of Benavente at the death without issue of the 4th Duke, as he was the second son of the 3rd Duke, 8th Count of Mayorga, 3rd Count of Villalón, President of the Council of Italy, 15th Viceroy of Valencia, 25th Viceroy of Naples.

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Juan de la Cerda, 2nd Duke of Medinaceli

Juan de la Cerda, 2nd Duke of Medinaceli, Grandee of Spain, (in full, Don Juan de la Cerda y Bique de Orejón, segundo duque de Medinaceli, segundo conde del Gran Puerto de Santa María, señor de las villas de Cogolludo, Deza, Enciso, Luzón y Cigüela y de la Tierra de los Alabastros), (1485 – 20 January 1544) was a Spanish nobleman.

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Juan de la Cerda, 4th Duke of Medinaceli

Juan de la Cerda, 4th Duke of Medinaceli (c. 1514 – 1575), Grandee of Spain, was a Spanish nobleman.

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Juan de la Cerda, 5th Duke of Medinaceli

Juan de la Cerda, 5th Duke of Medinaceli (1544 – 29 May 1594), Grandee of Spain, (in full, Enciso, embajador extraordinario en Portugal, caballero de la Orden del Toisón de Oro, Order of the Golden Fleece, since 1585), was a Spanish nobleman and Ambassador in Portugal.

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Juan de la Cerda, 6th Duke of Medinaceli

Juan Luis de la Cerda, 6th Duke of Medinaceli, Grandee of Spain, (in full, Don Juan Luis Francisco de la Cerda y Aragón, sexto duque de Medinaceli, quinto marqués de Cogolludo, quinto conde del Puerto de Santa María, Grande de España, señor de las villas de Deza y Enciso, caballero de la Orden del Toisón de Oro), (20 May 1569 – 24 November 1607) was a Spanish nobleman and Ambassador in Germanic countries.

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Juan de Zavala

Don Juan de Zavala y de la Puente, 1st Marquis of Sierra Bullones Grandee of Spain, 5th Marquis of Torreblanca, 3rd Marquis of la Puente y Sotomayor and 6th Count of Villaseñor (Lima, Peru, 27 December 1804 – Madrid, Spain, 29 December 1879) was a Spanish noble and politician.

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Juan Francisco Pacheco y Téllez-Girón, 4th Consort Duke of Uceda

Juan Francisco Pacheco y Téllez-Girón, 4th Consort Duke of Uceda, (Madrid, Spain, 8 June 1649 – Vienna, Austria, 25 August 1718), was a Spanish noble, viceroy of Sicily and Spanish Ambassador in Rome.

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Juan López Pacheco, Duke of Escalona

Don Juan Pablo Francisco López Pacheco y Moscoso Acuña Manrique Silva Girón y Portocarrero, Grandee of Spain, Duke of Escalona and Lord of Garganta la Olla (Madrid, 22 March 1716 – Madrid 27 April 1751).

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Juan Manuel Fernández Pacheco, 8th Duke of Escalona

Juan Manuel Fernández Pacheco y Zúñiga, Duke of Escalona and Marquess of Villena (Marcilla, Navarre, 7 September 1650 – Madrid, 29 June 1725), was a Spanish aristocrat, politician, and academician who founded the Royal Spanish Academy.

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Juan Manuel Sánchez, Duke of Almodóvar del Río

Don Juan Manuel Sánchez y Gutiérrez de Castro, jure uxoris Duke of Almodóvar del Río, Grandee of Spain (Jerez de la Frontera, Spain, 15 December 1850 – Madrid, Spain, 23 June 1906) was a Spanish noble and politician who served three times as Minister of State.

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Juan Prim, 1st Marquis of los Castillejos

Juan Prim y Prats, 1st Marquis of Los Castillejos, 1st Count of Reus, 1st Viscount of El Bruch, Grandee of Spain, (Joan Prim i Prats; 12 December 1814 – 30 December 1870) was a Spanish general and statesman who was briefly Prime Minister of Spain until his assassination.

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Juan Téllez-Girón, 2nd Duke of Osuna

Juan Téllez-Girón, 2nd Duke of Osuna, Grandee of Spain, (in full, Don Juan Téllez-Girón de Guzmán, primer marqués de Peñafiel, segundo duque de Osuna, décimo sexto conde de Ureña, Grande de España, señor de las villas de Tiedra, Briones, Gumiel de Izán, Cazalla de la Sierra, el Arahal, Olvera, Morón de la Frontera, Archidona y Otejícar, Notario mayor de Castilla, Camarero mayor del Rey), (20 Octubre 1559 – 25 November 1600), was a Spanish nobleman.

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Karl Heinrich von Nassau-Siegen

Karl Heinrich von Nassau-Siegen (5 January 1743 – 10 April 1808), was a French-born fortune-seeker best known as Catherine II's least successful naval commander.

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Khevenhüller

Khevenhüller is the name of a Carinthian noble family, documented there since 1356, with its ancestral seat at Landskron Castle.

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Kingdom of England

The Kingdom of England (French: Royaume d'Angleterre; Danish: Kongeriget England; German: Königreich England) was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the 10th century—when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms—until 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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Lamoral, 1st Prince of Ligne

Lamoral, 1st Prince of Ligne (19 July 1563, in Château de Belœil – 6 February 1624, in Brussels) was a Belgian diplomat of the 17th century.

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Leoncio Alonso González de Gregorio, 22nd Duke of Medina Sidonia

Leoncio Alonso González de Gregorio y Álvarez de Toledo, 22nd Duke of Medina Sidonia, GE (born 3 January 1956) is a Spanish aristocrat and historian.

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Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo

Leopoldo Ramón Pedro Calvo-Sotelo y Bustelo, 1st Marquess of Ría de Ribadeo, GE, OCIII, OCM (14 April 1926 – 3 May 2008), known as Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo was Prime Minister of Spain between 1981 and 1982.

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Leopoldo O'Donnell, 1st Duke of Tetuan

Don Leopoldo O'Donnell y Jorris, 1st Duke of Tetuan, 1st Count of Lucena, 1st Viscount of Aliaga, Grandee of Spain, (Spanish: Leopoldo O'Donnell y Jorris, I duque de Tetuán, I conde de Lucena, I vizconde de Aliaga, grande de España) (12 January 1809 – 5 November 1867), was a Spanish general and statesman.

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Levellers

The Levellers was a political movement during the English Civil War (1642–1651).

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List of coats of arms of the Capetian dynasty

Most of the members of the Capetian dynasty bore a version of the arms of France.

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List of coats of arms of the House of Stuart

The House of Stuart is a noble family of Scottish origin that eventually became monarchs of Scotland, England, Ireland, and Great Britain.

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List of current Grandees of Spain

Grandees of Spain (Grandes de España) are the highest-ranking members of the Spanish nobility.

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List of dukes in the peerage of Spain

This is a list of the 144 present and extant dukes in the peerages of the Kingdom of Spain.

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List of expenses claims in the United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal

This article lists the published allegations of expenses abuse made against specific members of the British Parliament in the course of the United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal.

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List of Governors of the Province of Cartagena

The Province of Cartagena de Indias in Colombia was founded concurrently with the city of Cartagena, Colombia in 1533 by the conquistador Pedro de Heredia, thus fulfilling his part in a contract of conquest made with King Charles V of Spain.

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List of Greek and Latin roots in English/G

Category:Lists of words.

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List of Latin words with English derivatives

This is a list of Latin words with derivatives in English (and other modern languages).

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List of viceroys of Naples

This is a list of viceroys of the Kingdom of Naples.

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Livio Odescalchi

Livio Odescalchi (March 10, 1652 - September 8, 1713), Duke of Bracciano, Ceri and Syrmia, was an Italian nobleman of the Odescalchi family.

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Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou

Louis Alphonse de Bourbon, Duke of Anjou (Luis Alfonso Gonzalo Víctor Manuel Marco de Borbón y Martínez-Bordiú, Louis Alphonse Gonzalve Victor Emmanuel Marc de Bourbon;Eilers, Marlene A. Queen Victoria's Descendants. Princess Beatrice. Rosvall Royal Books, Falkoping, Sweden, 1997. pp. 166, 181; Enache, Nicolas. La Descendanace de Marie-Therese de Habsburg Reine de Hongrie and Boheme. Maison royale regnante d'Espagne. ICC/Nouvelle Imprimerie Laballery, Paris, 1999, p. 535. (French)..Willis, Daniel A. The Descendants of King George I of Great Britain. The Descendants of Princess Anne, The Princess of Orange. Clearfield, Baltimore, 2002. p. 231. born 25 April 1974 in Madrid) is a member of the Royal House of Bourbon, and one of the current pretenders to the defunct French throne as Louis XX.

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Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon

Louis de Rouvroy, Duke of Saint-Simon (16 January 16752 March 1755), was a French soldier, diplomat and memoirist.

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Louis, Marquis of Brancas and Prince of Nisaro

Louis-Henri de Brancas-Forcalquier, (Pernes-les-Fontaines, 19 January 1672 – 9 August 1750) was a Marshal of France.

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Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias

Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias (25 August 1803 – 7 May 1880), nicknamed "the Peacemaker" and "Iron Duke", was an army officer, politician and monarchist of the Empire of Brazil.

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Luigi Braschi Onesti

Luigi Braschi Onesti (1745– 9 February 1816), duca di Nemi, was a nephew of Pope Pius VI, who granted him his dukedom.

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Luis Carrero Blanco

Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco, 1st Duke of Carrero Blanco, GE, OCIII, OIC (4 March 1904 – 20 December 1973) was a Spanish Navy officer and politician, who was Prime Minister of Spain from June to December 1973.

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Luis Fajardo, 2nd Marquis of los Vélez

Luis Yáñez Fajardo y La Cueva, 2nd Marquis of los Vélez, Grandee of Spain, (in full, Don Luis Yáñez Fajardo y La Cueva, segundo marqués de los Vélez, señor de Mula, Lebrilla, Alhama y Benitaglar, Adelantado mayor y capitán general de los Reinos de Murcia y Granada, alcaide de los alcázares de Murcia y Lorca, Adelantado mayor y capitán general del Reino de Valencia, capitán general de la gente de armas del Reino de Valencia para el socorro de Perpiñán, comendador de Monasterio y la Reina, comendador de Caravaca), (unknown - 1575) was a Spanish military and nobleman.

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Luis Francisco de la Cerda

Luis Francisco de la Cerda y Aragón, (El Puerto de Santa María, 2 August 1660 – Pamplona, 26 January 1711), 9th Duke of Medinaceli, was a Spanish noble and politician.

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Luis Guillermo de Moncada, 7th Duke of Montalto

Luis Guillermo de Moncada y de Aragon y de la Cerda y de la Cueva (Collesano, 1 January 1614 - Madrid, 4 March 1672) was a Spanish nobleman and Roman Catholic cardinal.

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Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero

Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero y de Guzman, (January 8, 1635, Palma del Río - September 14, 1709, Toledo, Spain) was a Spanish prelate, who was cardinal archbishop of Toledo.

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Luis María de Borbón y Vallabriga

Don Luis María Cardinal de Borbón y Vallabriga, Farnesio y Rozas (Cadalso de los Vidrios, 22 May 1777 – Madrid, 19 March 1823), son of a morganatic marriage of Luis de Borbón y Farnesio, Infante of Spain and 13th Count of Chinchón, and wife María Teresa de Vallabriga y Rozas, Español y Drummond, was the 14th Count of Chinchón (1785–1803), Grandee of Spain First Class (4 August 1799), with a coat of arms of Bourbon, and 1st Marqués de San Martín de la Vega.

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Luis Méndez de Haro

Luis Méndez de Haro, 6th Marquis of Carpio or Luis Méndez de Haro y Guzmán, Grandee of Spain, (in full, Don Luis Méndez de Haro Guzmán y Sotomayor de la Paz, sexto marqués del Carpio, segundo conde de Morente, quinto conde y tercer duque de Olivares, segundo marqués de Eliche, primer duque de Montoro, 3 veces Grande de España, Comendador mayor de la Orden de Alcántara, Gran Chanciller de las Indias, Alcaide de las Alcázares de Sevilla y Córdoba, Caballerizo mayor, gentilhombre de cámara y primer ministro de Felipe IV y su gran privado), (1598 – 26 November 1661), was a Spanish nobleman, political figure and general.

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Luis of Spain, Count of Chinchón

Luis Antonio Jaime of Spain (25 July 1727 – 7 August 1785), Infante of Spain, Cardinal Deacon of the titular church of Santa Maria della Scala in Rome, Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of Spain, 13th Count of Chinchón, Grandee of Spain First Class, known as the Cardinal Infante, was a son of Philip V, King of Spain and his second wife, Elisabeth Farnese.

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Luisa Isabel Álvarez de Toledo, 21st Duchess of Medina Sidonia

Luisa Isabel Alvarez de Toledo y Maura, 21st Duchess of Medina Sidonia, GE (21 August 19367 March 2008) was the holder of the Dukedom of Medina Sidonia in Spain.

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Magnate

Magnate, from the Late Latin magnas, a great man, itself from Latin magnus, 'great', designates a noble or other man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities.

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Manuel de Acevedo y Zúñiga

Manuel de Acevedo y Zúñiga (died 1637) was Viceroy of Naples from 14 May 1631 - 12 November 1637.

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Manuel de Llanza y Pignatelli

Manuel de Llanza y de Pignatelli de Aragón, Hurtado de Mendoza y Esquivel, 10th Duke of Solferino, 11th Marquis of Coscojuela, 13th Count of Centelles, grandee of Spain (1858–1927) was a Spanish Carlist politician.

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Manuel de los Cobos, 4th Marquis of Camarasa

Manuel de los Cobos, 4th Marquis of Camarasa, (circa 1606 - Sardinia, 21 June 1668), His father was Diego de los Cobos y de Guzman, who was awarded the title of Duke of Sabiote on 10 October 1626.

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Manuel de Oms, 1st Marquis of Castelldosrius

Don Manuel de Oms y Santa Pau, 1st Marquis of Castelldosrius, Grandee of Spain (sometimes marqués de Castell dos Rius) (1651 – 24 April 1710) was a Spanish diplomat, man of letters, and colonial official.

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Manuel de Pando, 6th Marquis of Miraflores

Don Manuel de Pando y Fernández de Pinedo, 6th Marquis of Miraflores Grandee of Spain and 4th Count of la Ventosa (22 December 1792 – 20 February 1872) was a Spanish noble and politician, who served two times as Prime Minister of Spain and held other important political office such as Minister of State and President of the Senate.

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Manuel Fal Conde

Manuel Fal Conde, 1st Duke of Quintillo (1894–1975) was a Spanish Catholic activist and a Carlist politician.

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Manuel García-Prieto, 1st Marquis of Alhucemas

Manuel García-Prieto, 1st Marquis of Alhucemas (1859, Astorga, León Province – 8 March 1938, San Sebastián) was a Spanish politician who was prime minister several times in his life.

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Manuel Godoy

Manuel Godoy y Álvarez de Faria, Prince of the Peace (May 12, 1767October 4, 1851) was Prime Minister of Spain from 1792 to 1797 and from 1801 to 1808.

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Manuel Marques de Sousa, Count of Porto Alegre

Manuel Marques de Sousa, Count of Porto Alegre (13 June 1804 – 18 July 1875), nicknamed "the Gloved Centaur", was an army officer, politician, abolitionist and monarchist of the Empire of Brazil.

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Manuel Rodriguez de Albuerne y Pérez de Tagle, 5th Marquis of Altamira

Don Manuel Rodriguez de Albuerne y Pérez de Tagle, 5th Marquis of Altamira (1733–1791) was a Spanish-Mexican aristocrat.

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María Cayetana de Silva, 13th Duchess of Alba

María del Pilar Teresa Cayetana de Silva-Álvarez de Toledo y Silva, 13th Duchess of Alba, GE (full name, see infobox; 10 June 1762 – 23 July 1802), was a Spanish aristocrat and a popular subject of the painter Francisco de Goya y Lucientes.

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María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco

María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco (born 26 February 1951 in Madrid, Spain) is a Spanish aristocrat and social figure.

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María del Rosario de Silva, Duchess of Alba

Doña María del Rosario de Silva y Gurtubay, Duchess of Alba de Tormes, suo jure 9th Marquise of San Vicente del Barco, Grandee of Spain (Madrid, Spain; 4 April 1900 – 11 January 1934) was a Spanish aristocrat and socialite.

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María Francisca de Sales Portocarrero y Kirkpatrick, 12th Duchess of Peñaranda del Duero

María Francisca de Sales Portocarrero y Kirkpatrick, also known informally as Paca de Alba (29 January 1825, Granada – 16 September 1860, Paris) was a Spanish noblewoman.

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María Josefa Pimentel, Duchess of Osuna

Doña María Josefa Alonso-Pimentel y Téllez-Girón, Duchess of Osuna, Grandee of Spain, suo jure 15th Countess-12th Duchess of Benavente (26 November 1752 – 5 October 1834), was a Spanish aristocrat, famous for her patronage of artists, writers and scientists.

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María Manuela Kirkpatrick

Doña María Manuela Enriqueta Kirkpatrick de Grevignée, Countess of Montijo (24 February 179422 November 1879), was the mother of Eugénie, Empress of the French.

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María Teresa de Borbón, 15th Countess of Chinchón

María Teresa de Borbón y Vallabriga, 15th Countess of Chinchón (María Teresa Carolina; 6 March 1779 – 23 November 1828), was a Spanish noblewoman and grandee.

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María Teresa de Vallabriga

María Teresa de Vallabriga y Rozas Español y Drummond (5 September 1758 – 16 February 1820 in Zaragoza), was an Aragonese aristocrat.

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Marc de Beauvau, Prince of Craon

François Vincent Marc de Beauvau, (29 April 1679 - 10 March 1754), Prince de Beauvau-Craon, was a Lorrainese nobleman and viceroy of Tuscany.

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Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies

Princess Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies (Maria Cristina Ferdinanda di Borbone, Principessa delle Due Sicilie, María Cristina de Borbón, Princesa de las Dos Sicilias; 27 April 1806 – 22 August 1878) was queen consort of Spain (1829 to 1833) and Regent of Spain (1833 to 1840).

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Maria Luisa de Silva y Fernández de Henestrosa

María Luisa de Silva y Fernández de Henestrosa, Infanta of Spain, 1st Duchess of Talavera de la Reina (born 3 December 1880 in Madrid, Spain; died 2 April 1955 in Madrid) was a Spanish aristocrat and the second wife of Infante Ferdinand of Spain, Prince of Bavaria, who was a first cousin and (former) brother-in law of Alfonso XIII of Spain.

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Mariano Roca de Togores, 1st Marquis of Molins

Don Mariano Roca de Togores y Carrasco, 1st Marquis of Molins Grandee of Spain and 1st Viscount of Rocamora (17 August 1812, in Albacete, Spain – 4 September 1889, in Lequeitio, Biscay, Spain) was a Spanish noble, politician and writer who served as Minister of State during the reign of Alfonso XII.

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Mark Sykes

Colonel Sir Tatton Benvenuto Mark Sykes, 6th Baronet (16 March 1879 – 16 February 1919) was an English traveller, Conservative Party politician and diplomatic advisor, particularly with regard to the Middle East at the time of the First World War.

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Marquis de Vallado

Marquis de Vallado is a Spanish title bestowed upon Humphrey Walrond on 5 August 1653, by King Philip IV of Spain.

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Marquis of Cañete

The Marquesses of Cañete (Marqueses de Cañete) are Spanish nobility and Grandees of Spain.

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Marquis of Los Vélez

Marquess of los Vélez is a Spanish noble title awarded in 1507 to the Spanish military Fajardo family.

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Marquis of Mancera

The title Marquesses of Mancera (Marqués de Mancera) is a hereditary title in the nobility of Castille and Grandees of Spain.

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Marquis of San Saturnino

The Marquis of San Saturnino is a title of Spanish nobility granted on 21 December 1688 by the King Charles II of Spain to D. Pedro Álvarez de Reynoso y Andrade, Galloso y Feijoo, Perpetual “Regidor” (Major) of Ourense.

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Marquisate of Cenete

The Marquisate of Cenete (alternatively, of Zenete, El Cenete, or El Zenete; marquesado del Cenete/Zenete) is a noble title first granted in 1491 by Queen Isabel I of Castile to Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar y Mendoza, First Count del Cid.

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Marquisate of Lombay

Marquiss of Lombay is a noble title created by King Charles V of Spain in favor of Saint Francis Borgia Grandee of Spain, Duke of Gandia.

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Martí de Riquer i Morera

Martí de Riquer i Morera, 8th Count of Casa Dávalos (Martín de Riquer y Morera) (3 May 1914 – 17 September 2013) was a Spanish–Catalan literary historian and Romance philologist, a recognised international authority in the field.

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Max Mosley

Max Rufus Mosley (born 13 April 1940) is the former president of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), a non-profit association that represents the interests of motoring organisations and car users worldwide.

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Mayordomo mayor

The Mayordomo mayor (High Steward) was the Officer of the Royal Household and Heritage of the Crown of Spain in charge of the person and rooms of the King of Spain.

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Mercurio López Pacheco, 9th Duke of Escalona

Don Mercurio Antonio López Pacheco y Portugal Acuña Manrique Silva Girón y Portocarrero, twice Grandee of Spain, 9th Duke of Escalona, 9th Marquis of Villena, 15th Count of Castañeda, 11th Count of San Esteban de Gormaz and 9th Count of Xiquena (Escalona, 9 May 1679 – Madrid, 7 June, 1738), was a Spanish aristocrat and academician.

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Mestizo

Mestizo is a term traditionally used in Spain, Latin America, and the Philippines that originally referred a person of combined European and Native American descent, regardless of where the person was born.

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Mexican nobility

The Mexican nobility includes elite indigenous families from the pre-columbian era; indigenous elites recognized as nobles in the colonial era (1521–1821); and hereditary nobles and economic elites who acquired noble titles in the colonial era; and the First Mexican Empire (1821–23), immediately after independence from Spain, and the Second Mexican Empire 1862–67.

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Michel, 14th Prince of Ligne

Michel Charles Eugène Marie Lamoral, Prince de Ligne, Prince d'Épinoy, Prince d'Amblise, Grandee of Spain (born 26 May 1951, Château de Belœil, BelgiumEnache, Nicolas. La Descendance de Marie-Therese de Habsburg. ICC, Paris, 1996. pp. 46, 51, 427-429. (French).) is the head of the princely House of Ligne.

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Miguel Primo de Rivera

Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquess of Estella, 22nd Count of Sobremonte, GE, OIC, OSH, LCSF, OMC, OTS, KOC (8 January 1870 – 16 March 1930) was a dictator, aristocrat, and military officer who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 1923 to 1930 during Spain's Restoration era.

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Miguel Primo de Rivera y Sáenz de Heredia

Miguel Primo de Rivera y Sáenz de Heredia, 2nd Duke of Primo de Rivera, 4th Marquis of Estella (11 July 1904 – 8 May 1964) was a Spanish aristocrat, lawyer, politician and diplomat.

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Moctezuma II

Moctezuma II (c. 1466 – 29 June 1520), variant spellings include Montezuma, Moteuczoma, Motecuhzoma, Motēuczōmah, and referred to in full by early Nahuatl texts as Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin (Moctezuma the Young),moteːkʷˈsoːma ʃoːkoˈjoːtsin was the ninth tlatoani or ruler of Tenochtitlan, reigning from 1502 to 1520.

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Moguer

Moguer is a municipality and small city located in the province of Huelva, Andalusia, Spain.

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Monarchy of Spain

The monarchy of Spain (Monarquía de España), constitutionally referred to as the Crown (La Corona), is a constitutional institution and historic office of Spain.

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Monika von Habsburg

Monika von Habsburg (née Monika Maria Roberta Antonia Raphaela Habsburg-Lothringen),Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh.

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Narciso Fernández de Heredia, 2nd Count of Heredia-Spínola

Don Narciso Fernández de Heredia y Begines de los Ríos, 2nd Count of Heredia-Spínola Grandee of Spain, 1st Marquis of Heredia, Grandee of Spain and iure uxoris Count of Ofalia (Gines, Seville, 11 September 1775 – Madrid, 8 September 1847) was a Spanish noble, politician and diplomat who served as Prime Minister of Spain and as Minister of State from 16 December 1837 to 6 September 1838, in the reign of Isabella II.

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Narciso García-Loygorri

Narciso García-Loygorri y Rizo (5 December 183729 October 1905), the second Duke of Vistahermosa, mayor of Madrid for 50 days in 1890.

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Nicolás de Carvajal, Marquis of Sarria

Nicolás de Carvajal y Lancaster, Marquis of Sarria (died March 4, 1770) was a Spanish noble and military figure from the 18th century.

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Nobility

Nobility is a social class in aristocracy, normally ranked immediately under royalty, that possesses more acknowledged privileges and higher social status than most other classes in a society and with membership thereof typically being hereditary.

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Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English military and political leader.

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Order of Queen Maria Luisa

The Royal Order of Noble Ladies of Queen Maria Luisa is an Order created by King Charles IV of Spain by royal decree in April 21, 1792 at the request of his wife Queen Maria Luisa, to reward noble women who distinguished themselves for their services and talents.

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Order of Saint Januarius

The Illustrious Royal Order of Saint Januarius (Italian: Insigne Reale Ordine di San Gennaro) is a Roman Catholic order of knighthood founded by Charles VII of Naples in 1738.

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Order of the Band

The Order of the Band, Knights of the Band, or Equites Bindae, were a military order in Spain, instituted by Alfonso XI, King of Castile in 1332.

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Ordinance of no quarter to the Irish

The ordinance of no quarter to the Irish was a decree of the English Long Parliament passed on 24 October 1644 in response to the Irish Confederation of Kilkenny threat to send troops from Ireland to support King Charles I during the English Civil War.

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Ottavio Piccolomini

Ottavio Piccolomini (11 November 1599 – 11 August 1656) was an Italian nobleman whose military career included service as a Spanish general and then as a field marshal of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Otto von Habsburg

Otto von Habsburg (20 November 1912 4 July 2011), also known by his traditional royal title of Archduke Otto of Austria, was the last Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary from 1916 until the dissolution of the empire in 1919, a realm which comprised modern-day Austria, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, and parts of Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine.

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Oviedo

Oviedo or Uviéu (officially in Asturian) is the capital city of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain and the administrative and commercial centre of the region.

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Parliament of England

The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England, existing from the early 13th century until 1707, when it became the Parliament of Great Britain after the political union of England and Scotland created the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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Pedro Agustín Girón

Pedro Agustín Girón, 4th Marquis de las Amarilas, Duque of Ahumada (1778–1842) was a Spanish military officer and politician.

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Pedro Cebrián, 5th Count of Fuenclara

Pedro Cebrián y Agustín, 5th Count of Fuenclara, Grandee of Spain, (April 30, 1687 in Luceni, Spain – August 22, 1752 in Madrid) was a Spanish diplomat and viceroy of New Spain, from November 3, 1742 to July 8, 1746.

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Pedro de Alcántara Álvarez de Toledo, 13th Duke of the Infantado

Don Pedro Alcantara Álvarez de Toledo y Salm Salm, 13th Duke of the Infantado (Madrid, 20 July 1768 – 27 November 1841), was a Spanish politician and general.

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Pedro de Toledo Osorio, 5th Marquis of Villafranca

Pedro de Toledo Osorio y Colonna or Pedro Álvarez de Toledo Osorio, 5th Marquis of Villafranca del Bierzo, (Naples, 6 September 1546 – 17 July 1627), Governor of the Duchy of Milan, 1616 - 1618, Prince of Montalbano, 2nd Duke of Fernandina was a Spanish-Italian nobleman and a Grandee of Spain.

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Pedro Fajardo, 1st Marquis of los Vélez

Pedro Fajardo y Chacón, 1st Marquis of los Vélez, Grandee of Spain, (in full, Don Pedro Fajardo y Chacón Manrique de Lara, primer marqués de los Vélez, tercer señor de Cartagena, señor de Mula, Molina, lhama, Lebrilla y Benitaglar, Adelantado mayor y capitán general del Reino de Murcia, alcaide de los Alcázares de las ciudades de Murcia, Lorca y marquesado de Villena, comendador de Caravaca y Comendador mayor de León), (unknown – 1542) was a Spanish military and nobleman.

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Pedro Fernández de Velasco, 3rd Duke of Frías

Pedro Fernández de Velasco, 3rd Duke of Frías (c. 1485 – 10 November 1559), Grandee of Spain (in full, Don Pedro Fernández de Velasco y Tovar, tercer duque de Frías, quinto conde de Haro, noveno Condestable de Castilla, mayorazgo y señor de la Casa de Velasco) was a Spanish nobleman.

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Pedro Francisco de Luján y Góngora, 1st Duke of Almodóvar del Río

Pedro Francisco Jiménez de Góngora y Luján, 1st Duke of Almodóvar del Río (1727–1794) was a Spanish nobleman, ambassador and writer.

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Pedro González de Mendoza

Pedro González de Mendoza (May 3, 1428 – January 11, 1495) was a Spanish cardinal and statesman who served as Archbishop of Toledo (1482–1495), Archbishop of Sevilla (1474–1482), Bishop of Sigüenza (1467–1474), and Bishop of Calahorra y La Calzada (1453–1467).

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Pedro Henriquez de Acevedo, Count of Fuentes

Pedro Henriquez d'Azevedo y Alvarez de Toledo, Count of Fuentes de Valdepero (1525 in Zamora, Spain – 22 July 1610 in Milan, Italy) was a Spanish general and statesman.

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Pedro III Fajardo, 5th Marquis of Los Vélez

Pedro III Fajardo de Zúñiga y Requesens (1602 – Palermo, Sicily, 3 November 1647) was a Spanish soldier and aristocrat notable for his command of Spanish forces during the Catalan Revolt after 1640.

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Pedro Morenés

Pedro de Morenés y Álvarez de Eulate (born 17 September 1948) is the Ambassador of Spain to the United States of America.

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Pedro Nuño Colón de Portugal, 6th Duke of Veragua

Pedro Nuño Colón de Portugal y Castro, (Madrid, Spain, 13 December 1628 – December 8, 1673, Mexico City) was viceroy of New Spain from December 8, 1673 to December 13, 1673.

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Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, 10th Count of Aranda

Don Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea y Jiménez de Urrea, 10th Count of Aranda (1718 in Siétamo, Huesca – 1798 in Épila, Saragossa), was a Spanish statesman and diplomat.

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Pedro Sarmiento, 3rd Marquis of Mancera

Pedro Sarmiento, 3rd Marquis of Mancera and Count of Gondomar, Grandee of Spain (c. 1625 – 1715) was a Spanish nobleman.

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Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Duke of Osuna

Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Duke of Osuna (17 February 1574 – 20 September 1624) was a Spanish nobleman and politician.

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Pedro Téllez-Girón, 8th Duke of Osuna

Pedro Zoilo Téllez-Girón y Pérez de Guzmán, 8th Duke de Osuna, Grandee of Spain, (in full, Don Pedro Zoilo María Bienvenido Juan Francisco Xavier Téllez-Girón y Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno, octavo duque de Osuna, octavo marqués de Peñafiel, décimo segundo conde de Ureña, señor de la villa de Morón de la Frontera, Archidona, El Arahal, Olvera, Ortejicar, Cazalla de la Sierra, Tiedra, Gumiel de Izán y Briones, Camarero mayor del Rey, Notario mayor de los Reinos de Castilla, Grande de España de 1ra clase, teniente general de los RE, coronel del Regimiento de Reales Guardias de infantería española y director general de ella, capitán de Guardias Albarderos de la persona de SM, del Supremo Consejo de Guerra, gentilhombre de cámara con ejercicio de Fernando VI y Carlos III, embajador extraordinario cerca del emperador de Alemania José II y en las Cortes de Nápoles, Parma y Turín, caballero del Toisón de Oro, gran cruz de la Orden de Carlos III), (27 June 1728 – 1 April 1787), was a Spanish nobleman.

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Pedro Téllez-Girón, 9th Duke of Osuna

Pedro de Alcántara Téllez-Girón, 9th Duke of Osuna, Grandee of Spain (in full, gentilhombre de cámara con ejercicio de Carlos III y de Carlos IV, caballero del Toisón de Oro (4.4.1794), Gran Cruz de la Orden de Carlos III), (8 August 1755 – 7 January 1807), was a Spanish nobleman.

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Peerage of France

The Peerage of France (Pairie de France) was a hereditary distinction within the French nobility which appeared in 1180 in the Middle Ages, and only a small number of noble individuals were peers.

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Peerages in the United Kingdom

The peerage is a legal system comprising both hereditary and lifetime titles in the United Kingdom (as elsewhere in Europe), composed of various noble ranks, and forming a constituent part of the British honours system.

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Pheasant Island

Pheasant Island (Isla de los Faisanes, Île des Faisans, Konpantzia) is an uninhabited river island in the Bidasoa river, between France and Spain.

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Philip, Duke of Parma

Philip of Spain (15 March 1720 – 18 July 1765) was Infante of Spain by birth, and Duke of Parma from 1748 to 1765.

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Philippe François de Berghes, 1st Prince of Grimberghen

Philippe François de Berghes (1646–1704) was a diplomat and military commander in the Spanish Netherlands and became the first bearer of the title of prince of Grimberghen.

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Philippe II de Croÿ

Philip II de Croÿ (1496–1549) was Seigneur de Croÿ, Count of Porcéan and first Duke of Aarschot.

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Philippe Jules François Mancini

Philippe Jules François Mancini (Paris, 1676-Paris, 1768), duc de Nivernais was a French aristocrat and member of the Mancini family.

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Philippe Spinola

Charles-Hippolyte-Philippe Spinola, known as Philippe Spinola (1612–1670) was count of Bruay, baron of Andre, and lord of Kounice, a lordship which he later exchanged for those of Calonne-sur-la-Lys and Viefville, Grandee of Spain and Knight of the Golden Fleece.

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Pier Luigi de Borgia, 1st duke of Gandía

Pier Luigi de Borgia, 1st duke of Gandía (Pedro Luis de Borja, Petrus Ludovicus de Boria) (1458 or 1460–1488 or 1491) was a Valencian noble.

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Portuguese heraldry

Portuguese heraldry encompasses modern and historic heraldic achievements in Portugal and in the former Portuguese Empire.

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Portuguese Restoration War

The Portuguese Restoration War (Guerra da Restauração; Guerra de Restauración portuguesa) was the name given by nineteenth-century Romantic historians to the war between Portugal and Spain that began with the Portuguese revolution of 1640 and ended with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668.

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President of the International Olympic Committee

The International Olympic Committee is a corporation based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrius Vikelas on 23 June 1894.

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Pride's Purge

Pride's Purge was an event that took place in December 1648, during the Second English Civil War, when troops of the New Model Army under the command of Colonel Thomas Pride forcibly removed from the Long Parliament all those who were not supporters of the Grandees in the New Model Army and the Independents.

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Primogeniture

Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the paternally acknowledged, firstborn son to inherit his parent's entire or main estate, in preference to daughters, elder illegitimate sons, younger sons and collateral relatives; in some cases the estate may instead be the inheritance of the firstborn child or occasionally the firstborn daughter.

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Prince

A prince is a male ruler or member of a monarch's or former monarch's family ranked below a king and above a duke.

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Prince Marco of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, 19th Duke of Medinaceli

Prince Marco of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, 19th Duke of Medinaceli, Grandee of Spain (Marco Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg; Marco de Hohenlohe-Langenburg y Medina; 8 March 1962 – 19 August 2016), was a German-Spanish nobleman who was head of the ducal house of Medinaceli and a dynast of the princely house of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.

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Prince of Belmonte

The Prince of Belmonte (Principe di Belmonte) is a noble title created in 1619 by the Spanish crown for the Barons of Badolato and Belmonte.

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Princes of Craon

The princely title of Prince of Craon was a title used by the Beauvau family using their status as Prince of the Holy Roman Empire which was gained in 1722 which was later fully recognised by Louis XV of France in 1755 and was inherited by male offsprings.

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Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen

Archduchess Regina, Crown Princess of Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia (6 January 1925 – 3 February 2010) née Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen (Regina Helene Elizabeth Margarete Prinzessin von Sachsen-Meiningen) was a member of the House of Wettin.Enache, Nicolas. La Descendance de Marie-Therese de Habsburg. ICC, Paris, 1996. pp. 43, 49, 173, 373. French.

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Princess Victoria of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, 20th Duchess of Medinaceli

Princess Victoria Elisabeth of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, 20th Duchess of Medinaceli, GE (Málaga, 17 March 1997) is a Spanish-German aristocrat.

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Putney Debates

The Putney Debates were a series of discussions between members of the New Model Army – a number of the participants being Levellers – concerning the makeup of a new constitution for Britain.

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Quezon City

Quezon City (Lungsod Quezon,; Ciudad Quezón; also known as QC or Kyusi) is the most populous city in the Philippines.

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Rafael de Medina, 20th Duke of Feria

Don Rafael de Medina y Abascal, 20th Duke of Feria, Grandee of Spain (born 25 September 1978) is the son of the late 19th Duke of Feria and the Spanish top-model Nati Abascal.

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Ramón María Narváez, 1st Duke of Valencia

Don Ramón María de Narváez y Campos, 1st Duke of Valencia (es: Don Ramón María de Narváez y Campos, I Duque de Valencia; 5 August 180023 April 1868) was a Spanish soldier and statesman.

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Ramblin' Jack Elliott

Ramblin' Jack Elliott (born Elliot Charles Adnopoz; August 1, 1931) is an American folk singer and performer.

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Ramiro I of Asturias

Ramiro I (c. 790 – 1 February 850) was King of Asturias from 842 until his death.

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Red River (1948 film)

Red River is a 1948 American western film directed and produced by Howard Hawks and starring John Wayne and Montgomery Clift, giving a fictional account of the first cattle drive from Texas to Kansas along the Chisholm Trail.

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Reform Club

The Reform Club is a private members club on the south side of Pall Mall in central London.

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Republicanism in the United Kingdom

Republicanism in the United Kingdom is the political movement that seeks to replace the United Kingdom's monarchy with a republic.

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Robert Esnault-Pelterie

Robert Albert Charles Esnault-Pelterie (November 8, 1881 – December 6, 1957) was a pioneering French aircraft designer and spaceflight theorist.

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Robert Wallop

Robert Wallop (20 July 1601 – 19 November 1667) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times from 1621 to 1660.

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Rodrigo Calderón, Count of Oliva

Don Rodrigo Calderón, Conde de la Oliva de Plasencia, Marqués (Marquis) de Siete Iglesias (1580s – Madrid, October 21, 1621) was a favorite minister of the Duke of Lerma, while the latter was valido or valued minister of King Philip III of Spain.

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Rodrigo Ponce de León, 4th Duke of Arcos

Rodrigo Ponce de León, 4th Duke of Arcos, (2 January 1602 – 1658) was a Grandee of Spain and a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

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Royal Household of Spain

The Royal Household of Spain, officially Casa de Su Majestad el Rey de España (Household of His Majesty the King of Spain), is the constitutional organization which supports the monarch in the exercise of his royal duties and prerogatives.

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Ruy Gómez de Silva

Dom Rui Gomes da Silva (in Spanish, Ruy Gómez de Silva), 1st Prince of Eboli (27 October 1516 in Chamusca – 29 July 1573 in Madrid), was a Portuguese noble and one of King Philip II of Spain's main advisers.

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Sabino Fernández Campo, 1st Count of Latores

Don Sabino Fernández Campo (March 17, 1918, Oviedo - October 26, 2009, Madrid) was chief of the Spanish Royal House and a key figure during the failed 23-F coup d'état in 1981.

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Same-sex marriage in Spain

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Spain since 3 July 2005.

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Santander, Spain

The port city of Santander (Cántabru: Sanander) is the capital of the autonomous community and historical region of Cantabria situated on the north coast of Spain.

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Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön

The Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (Herzogtum Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön), also Schleswig-Holstein-Plön, Holstein-Plön or just Duchy of Plön, was a small sub-duchy (Teilherzogtum) created by the physical division of the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg.

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Second Protectorate Parliament

The Second Protectorate Parliament in England sat for two sessions from 17 September 1656 until 4 February 1658, with Thomas Widdrington as the Speaker of the House of Commons.

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Secret Princes

Secret Princes is an American reality television series that premiered on TLC on September 21, 2012.

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September 1932

The following events occurred in September 1932.

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Spanish heraldry

The tradition and art of heraldry first appeared in Spain at about the beginning of the eleventh century AD and its origin was similar to other European countries: the need for knights and nobles to distinguish themselves from one another on the battlefield, in jousts and in tournaments.

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Spanish nobility

Spanish nobles are persons who possess the legal status of hereditary nobility according to the laws and traditions of the Spanish monarchy and those who hold personal nobility as bestowed by one of the two highest orders of knighthood of the Kingdom, namely the Order of Charles III and the Order of Isabella the Catholic.

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Spanish royal family

The House of Bourbon-Anjou (or simply House of Bourbon-Spain) is the current Spanish Royal Family.

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Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki

Count Stanisław Szczęsny Feliks Potocki (1751–1805), of the Piława coat of arms, known as Szczęsny Potocki was a member of the Polish szlachta and a military commander of the forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and then Poland.

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Sumiller de Corps

The Sumiller de Corps was the Officer of the Royal Household and Heritage of the Crown of Spain in charge of the more intimate and inner rooms of the King of Spain.

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Suo jure

Suo jure is a Latin phrase, used in English to mean "in his/her own right".

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Surrey

Surrey is a county in South East England, and one of the home counties.

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Tello Alfonso, Lord of Aguilar de Campoo

Tello Alfonso of Castile (1337 – October 1370) was the seventh of the ten illegitimate children of Alfonso XI of Castile and Eleanor of Guzman.

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Teresa Sampsonia

Teresa Sampsonia born Sampsonia; full name after marrying Robert Shirley Lady Shirley, 1589–1668) was a Safavid noblewoman and the wife of Elizabethan English adventurer Robert Shirley, whom she accompanied on his travels and in embassies across Europe in the name of the Safavid emperor, Abbas the Great (1588–1629). After the death of her husband, and due to impediments from grandees at the court and the authorities during the reign of Abbas' successor and grandson Safi (1629–1642), she decided to leave Iran. She lived in a convent in Rome for the rest of her life, which she devoted to charity and religion. As a pious Christian and because of her love for her husband, she had Shirley's remains transported to Rome from Isfahan and reburied in the grave where she would also be buried. Teresa was received by many of the royal houses of Europe, such as English crown prince Henry Frederick and Queen Anne (her child's godparents), and contemporary writers and artists such as Thomas Herbert and Anthony van Dyck. According to Herbert, Robert Shirley "was the greatest Traveller of his time"; he admired the "undaunted Lady Teresia", whose "faith was ever Christian, her parents so", and her country of ultimate origin Circassia. An emancipated figure of the seventeenth century, due to her exploits, she has been described as someone who subverted patriarchal gender roles common to the Muslim and Christian cultures of her time.

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The Most Excellent

The Most Excellent (Spanish: Excelentísimo Señor (male) or Excelentísima Señora (female), literally "Excellent Sir/Mister") is an honorific prefix that is traditionally applied to certain people in Spain and certain Spanish-speaking countries.

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The Protectorate

The Protectorate was the period during the Commonwealth (or, to monarchists, the Interregnum) when England and Wales, Ireland and Scotland were governed by a Lord Protector as a republic.

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Third Protectorate Parliament

The Third Protectorate Parliament sat for one session, from 27 January 1659 until 22 April 1659, with Chaloner Chute and Thomas Bampfylde as the Speakers of the House of Commons.

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Thomas Andrewes

Sir Thomas Andrewes (died 1659) was a London financier who supported the parliamentary cause during the English Civil Wars, and sat as a commissioner at the High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I. During the Third English Civil War, as Lord Mayor of London, he made sure that there was no trouble in London.

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Thomas Hammond (regicide)

Thomas Hammond (c. 1600–1658), was an officer in the New Model Army and a regicide.

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Thomas Rawton

Thomas Rawton (c. 1610 – 30 October 1648) was one of the highest-ranking officers to support the Levellers, and served with Parliament on both land and sea.

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Thomas Waite (regicide)

Thomas Waite, (died 1688 in Jersey) also known as Thomas Wayte was an English soldier who fought for Parliament in the English Civil War, a Member of Parliament for Rutland, and one of the regicides of King Charles I. Waite was probably the son of Henry Waite of Wymondham, Leicestershire; but some royalist sources said he was the son of an alehouse keeper in Market Overton in Rutland.

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Throne room

A throne room or throne hall is the room, often rather a hall, in the official residence of the crown, either a palace or a fortified castle, where the throne of a senior figure (usually a monarch) is set up with elaborate pomp—usually raised, often with steps, and under a canopy, both of which are part of the original notion of the Greek word thronos.

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Timeline of London

The following is a timeline of the history of London, the capital of England in the United Kingdom.

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Tomás de la Cerda, 3rd Marquis of la Laguna

Tomás de la Cerda, 3rd Marquis of la Laguna, Grandee of Spain, (in full, Don Tomás Antonio Manuel Lorenzo de la Cerda y Aragón, tercer marqués de la Laguna de Camero Viejo, Grande de España, caballero de la orden de Alcántara, comendador de la Moraleja, maestre de campo del Tercio Provincial de las Milicias de Sevilla, ministro del Consejo y Cámara de Indias, capitán general de mar Océano, del Ejército y Costas de Andalucía, Virrey de Galicia, Virrey gobernador y capitán general de Nueva España y presidente de su Real Audiencia, Mayordomo mayor de la reina Mariana de Baviera), (24 December 1638 – 22 April 1692), was a Spanish nobleman, viceroy of Galicia and of New Spain from 1680 to 1686.

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Tomás de Zumalacárregui

Tomás de Zumalacárregui e Imaz (in Spanish) or Tomas Zumalakarregi Imatz (in Basque) (29 December 178824 June 1835), Duke of la Victoria de las Amezcoas and Count of Zumalacárregui, known among his troops as "Uncle Tomás", was a Spanish Basque Carlist general.

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Tomás Terry

Tomás Terry y Adán (24 February 1808 in Caracas, Venezuela – 5 July 1886 in Paris, France)Thomas, p. 140 was a Cuban business magnate.

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Torcuato Fernández-Miranda

Don Torcuato Fernández-Miranda y Hevia, 1st Duke of Fernandez-Miranda, Grandee of Spain, KOGF (10 November 1915 – 19 June 1980) was a Spanish lawyer and politician who played important roles in both the Spanish State of Francisco Franco and in the Spanish transition to democracy.

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United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal

The United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal was a major political scandal that emerged in 2009, concerning expenses claims made by members of the United Kingdom Parliament over the previous years.

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Valeriano Weyler

Valeriano Weyler y Nicolau, 1st Duke of Rubí, 1st Marquess of Tenerife, GE, KOGF, OCIII, LCSF, RMOSH (September 17, 1838October 20, 1930) was a Spanish general and colonial administrator who served as the Governor General of the Philippines and Cuba.

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Ventura García-Sancho, Marquis of Aguilar de Campoo

Don Ventura García-Sancho e Ibarrondo, 1st Count of Consuegra, jure uxoris Marquis of Aguilar de Campoo, Grandee of Spain (Mexico City, Mexico, 20 April 1837 – Madrid, Spain, 20 July 1914) was a Spanish noble and politician who served twice as Minister of State and as Mayor of Madrid between 1899 and 1900.

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Vespasiano I Gonzaga

Vespasiano I Gonzaga. Vespasiano I Gonzaga (6 December 1531 – 26 February 1591) was an Italian nobleman, diplomat, writer, military engineer and condottiero.

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Victor-Marie d'Estrées

Victor-Marie d'Estrées, Duke of Estrées count then duke (1723) of Estrées (30 November 1660, Paris – 27 December 1737, Paris) was a Marshal of France and subsequently known as the "Maréchal d'Estrées".

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Victoria Balfe

Victoria Balfe (1 September 1837 – 2 January 1871) was a French noblewoman and singer.

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Victoria Eugenia Fernández de Córdoba, 18th Duchess of Medinaceli

Doña Victoria Eugenia Fernández de Córdoba y Fernández de Henestrosa, 18th Duchess of Medinaceli, Grandee of Spain (16 April 1917 – 18 August 2013) was 18th Duchess of Medinaceli in her own right and a Grandee of Spain, head of the Spanish noble House of Medinaceli and patron of the Ducal House of Medinaceli Foundation.

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Wars of the Three Kingdoms

The Wars of the Three Kingdoms, sometimes known as the British Civil Wars, formed an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in the kingdoms of England, Ireland and Scotland between 1639 and 1651.

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Whigs (British political party)

The Whigs were a political faction and then a political party in the parliaments of England, Scotland, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom.

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William Thompson (naturalist)

William Thompson (2 December 1805 – 17 February 1852) was an Irish naturalist celebrated for his founding studies of the natural history of Ireland, especially in ornithology and marine biology.

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Zafra

Zafra is a town situated in the Province of Badajoz (Extremadura, Spain), and the capital of the comarca of Zafra - Río Bodión.

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1648 in England

Events from the year 1648 in England.

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Redirects here:

Grand d'Espagne, Grandee (New Model Army), Grandee of Spain, Grandees, Grandesa de España, Grandeza, Grandeza de Espana, Grandeza de España, Spanish peerage.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandee

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