Communication

3230 relations: A Constitution for a Free Scotland, A visa, Abdul Haris Nasution, Abdullah II of Jordan, Absolute monarchy, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, Aburi Accord, Act of Parliament, Adam Tomkins, Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China, Adekunle Fajuyi, Administrator of the Government, Adrienne Clarkson, Advice (constitutional), Advice and consent, Afghanistan, Aide-de-camp, Aide-de-camp general, Air transports of heads of state and government, Airbus A340, Aix-Marseille University, Akintunde Akinsehinwa, Al-Farabi, Albania, Alberta, Alberta Legislature, Alberto Fujimori, Alderaan, Alfred Loewenstein, Ali Khamenei, Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein, Althing, Amanullah Khan, Ambassador, Ambrosetti Forum, Amelita Ramos, American Samoa, Amsinck family, Anatole Marie Nkou, Anatolijs Gorbunovs, Andorra–France relations, Andrea Bocelli discography, Anglosphere, António Pinto Soares, Anthony Janszoon van Salee, Anti-Fengtian War, April 26, Archduke John of Austria, Archontology, Arengo, ..., Argentina–Brazil relations, Argentina–Egypt relations, Argentine Confederation, Argentine Constitution of 1826, Armando Guebuza, Armenia, Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Army Group Courland, Arsenal of Democracy (video game), Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Assassination, Assassination of Andrei Karlov, Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin, Atassi family, Audience (meeting), Aufruf der Kulturschaffenden, Australia–Indonesia relations, Australia–New Zealand relations, Australia–United States relations, Australian Canadians, Australian Constitutional Convention 1998, Australian constitutional law, Australian head of state dispute, Austria, Austria-Hungary, Azad Hind, Éamon de Valera, École nationale d'administration, Ba Maw, Babatunji Olowofoyeku, Bahá'í Faith in Iceland, Bahá'í House of Worship, Bandy, Bangladesh, Bangladesh–Cuba relations, Banner of Poland, Barbados, Barbados–United Kingdom relations, Basic Laws of Sweden, Batey (sugar workers' town), Battenberg Mausoleum, Battle of Saipan, Baudouin of Belgium, Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation, Beatrix of the Netherlands, Beijing Coup, Belarus at the Olympics, Belarusian Social Democratic Assembly, Belgians, Belgium, Belize, Benelux, Benin, Benjamin Constant, Bermudian independence referendum, 1995, Bernard Vaussion, Bhutan, Bhutanese democracy, Bi-partisan appointment republican model, Bicameralism, Blue Bird Wanderlodge, Bo District, BOAC Flight 777, Body politic, Bodyguard, Bogd Khan, Botswana, Braulio Carrillo Colina, Brazilian presidential inauguration, British Armed Forces, British Consulate-General, Hong Kong, British High Commission, Accra, British High Commission, Dar es Salaam, British Overseas Territories, British Ulster Dominion Party, British–German cohabitation of Nazi-occupied Channel Islands, Brunei, Buckingham Palace, Building of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Burgomaster, Burundi, Bush shoeing incident, Cabinet (government), Cabinet of Azerbaijan, Cabinet of Iceland, Cabinet of Singapore, Cabinet of Tuvalu, Cali, Cambodia, Cambodian coup of 1970, Cambodian–Vietnamese War, Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, Canada, Canada Act 1982, Canada–Grenada relations, Canada–New Zealand relations, Canada–United Kingdom relations, Canada–United States relations, Canadian federalism, Canadian sovereignty, Canberra Airport, Canon (priest), Canonization of Pope John XXIII and Pope John Paul II, Cao Văn Viên, Cape Verde, Cape Verde–European Union relations, Capital punishment by country, Captain general of the Army, Captain general of the Navy, Captain of the guard, Captains Regent, Cardinal Secretary of State, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Carl Johan Bernadotte, Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, Carl, 3rd Prince of Leiningen, Carmen Polo, 1st Lady of Meirás, Carter Center, Carthage, Casper & Mandrilaftalen, Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery, Catholic Church in Andorra, Catholic Church in Sweden, Catholic Church sexual abuse cases, Celâl Bayar, Cemal Gürsel, Central African Republic, Central Band of the Canadian Armed Forces, Ceremonial mace, Chad under Félix Malloum, Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Charles Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak, Charles Haughey, Charles W. 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I. 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2008, Law, Law enforcement agency, Law enforcement in Sweden, Law of Estonia, Laws of the Constitution of Selangor 1959, Le Chi Thuc, Le Club des Chefs des Chefs, League of Nations mandate, Lebanon, Legal status of Germany, Legion of Merit, Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Legislative session, Lennart Bernadotte, Leonid Brezhnev, Leslie Howard, Lesotho, Letter of credence, Lev Kamenev, Lewis Way, Liberia, Liberian general election, 2005, Library of Congress Classification:Class K -- Law, Lidia Gueiler Tejada, Lieutenant General of New France, Lieutenant governor (Canada), Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey, List of 1867 Canadian incumbents, List of 1979 Canadian incumbents, List of 1980 Canadian incumbents, List of 1981 Canadian incumbents, List of 1982 Canadian incumbents, List of 1983 Canadian incumbents, List of 1984 Canadian incumbents, List of 1985 British incumbents, List of 1985 Canadian incumbents, List of 1986 Canadian incumbents, List of 1987 Canadian incumbents, List of 1988 Canadian incumbents, List of 1989 Canadian incumbents, List of 1990 Canadian incumbents, List of 1991 Canadian incumbents, List of 1992 Canadian incumbents, List of 1993 Canadian incumbents, List of 1994 Canadian incumbents, List of 1995 Canadian incumbents, List of 1996 Canadian incumbents, List of 1997 Canadian incumbents, List of 1998 Canadian incumbents, List of 1999 Canadian incumbents, List of 2000 Canadian incumbents, List of 2001 Canadian incumbents, List of 2002 Canadian incumbents, List of 2003 Canadian incumbents, List of 2004 Canadian incumbents, List of 2005 Canadian incumbents, List of 2006 Canadian incumbents, List of 2007 Canadian incumbents, List of 2009 Canadian incumbents, List of 2010 Canadian incumbents, List of African Union member states by political system, List of Altair: A Record of Battles characters, List of alumni of the Accra Academy, List of ambassadors of the United States to Afghanistan, List of ambassadors of the United States to Algeria, List of ambassadors of the United States to Argentina, List of ambassadors of the United States to Bahrain, List of ambassadors of the United States to Belarus, List of ambassadors of the United States to Cuba, List of ambassadors of the United States to Guinea-Bissau, List of ambassadors of the United States to Israel, List of ambassadors of the United States to Libya, List of ambassadors of the United States to Moldova, List of ambassadors of the United States to Palau, List of ambassadors of the United States to Rwanda, List of ambassadors of the United States to Senegal, List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Arab Emirates, List of American University people, List of Amirs of Qatar, List of artillery Victoria Cross recipients, List of assassinated and executed heads of state and government, List of atheists in politics and law, List of Atlas Shrugged characters, List of Australian High Commissioners to Fiji, List of awards and nominations received by Chris Rock, List of Booknotes interviews first aired in 2002, List of Brazilian regents, List of Brigade of Guards recipients of the Victoria Cross, List of Bulgarian regents, List of cavalry recipients of the Victoria Cross, List of Chief Ministers of Sabah, List of common nouns derived from ethnic group names, List of Commonwealth heads of government, List of companies of Ghana, List of companies of Saint Kitts and Nevis, List of companies of the Isle of Man, List of confederations, List of conspiracy-thriller films and television series, List of countries by system of government, List of Croatian flags, List of current Christian leaders, List of current heads of state and government, List of current monarchies, List of current sovereign monarchs, List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office, List of current United States governors, List of delegates to the Millennium Summit, List of Deputy Chairmen of the Polish Council of State, List of dignitaries at the memorial service of Nelson Mandela, List of dining events, List of diplomatic visits to India, List of diplomatic visits to the Philippines, List of diplomatic visits to the Republic of Macedonia, List of diplomatic visits to the United States, List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government, List of emirs of Kuwait, List of emperors of the Song dynasty, List of English monarchs, List of European Council meetings, List of European Union member states by political system, List of fictional anarchists, List of flags of Vietnam, List of forms of government, List of French non-presidential heads of state by tenure, List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: A, List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: G, List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: H, List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: I–J, List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: L, List of German monarchs in 1918, List of Governors of Alabama, List of Governors of Arkansas, List of Governors of Michigan, List of Governors of New Jersey, List of Governors of North Carolina, List of governors of Penang, List of governors of Tamil Nadu, List of Greek regents, List of Hakka people, List of Head of Government and State Nobel Laureates, List of heads of government and state who died in aviation accidents and incidents, List of heads of government of the Central African Republic, List of heads of state and government who committed suicide, List of heads of state by diplomatic precedence, List of heads of state educated in the United States, List of heads of state of Afghanistan, List of heads of state of Albania, List of heads of state of Algeria, List of heads of state of Argentina, List of heads of state of Biafra, List of heads of state of Bulgaria, List of heads of state of Burkina Faso, List of heads of state of Chad, List of heads of state of Egypt, List of heads of state of Eritrea, List of heads of state of France, List of heads of state of Greece, List of heads of state of Iran, List of heads of state of Libya, List of heads of state of Mali, List of heads of state of Mauritania, List of heads of state of Montenegro, List of heads of state of Niger, List of heads of state of North Korea, List of heads of state of Romania, List of heads of state of Serbia, List of heads of state of Spain, List of heads of state of Sri Lanka, List of heads of state of Sudan, List of heads of state of the Central African Republic, List of heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, List of heads of state of Vietnam, List of heads of state of Yemen, List of heads of state or government who have been in exile, List of Heidelberg University people, List of High Commissioners of Canada to Trinidad and Tobago, List of High Commissioners of Grenada to the United Kingdom, List of high commissioners of New Zealand to Australia, List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Barbados, List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Canada, List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Fiji, List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Kiribati, List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Malaya, List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Papua New Guinea, List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Samoa, List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Singapore, List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to South Africa, List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to the Solomon Islands, List of high commissioners of New Zealand to the United Kingdom, List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Tonga, List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Vanuatu, List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Barbados, List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Belize, List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Canada, List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Fiji, List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Ghana, List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to India, List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Jamaica, List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Kenya, List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Malta, List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Namibia, List of high commissioners of the United Kingdom to New Zealand, List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Trinidad and Tobago, List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Uganda, List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Zambia, List of impeached presidents, List of international presidential trips made by François Hollande, List of international presidential trips made by Petro Poroshenko, List of international presidential trips made by Rodrigo Duterte, List of international trips made by the President of the United States, List of Iranian presidential elections, List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel, List of kings of Iraq, List of kings of Jordan, List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (A), List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (Ba–Bm), List of 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New Zealand, 1899 in Canada, 1899 in New Zealand, 18th SAARC summit, 1900 in Canada, 1900 in New Zealand, 1901 in Canada, 1901 in New Zealand, 1902 in Canada, 1902 in New Zealand, 1903 in Canada, 1903 in New Zealand, 1904 in Canada, 1904 in New Zealand, 1905 in Canada, 1905 in New Zealand, 1906 in Canada, 1906 in New Zealand, 1907 in Canada, 1907 in New Zealand, 1908 in Canada, 1908 in New Zealand, 1909 in Canada, 1909 in New Zealand, 1910 in Canada, 1910 in New Zealand, 1911 in Canada, 1911 in New Zealand, 1912 in Canada, 1912 in New Zealand, 1913 in Canada, 1913 in New Zealand, 1914 in Canada, 1914 in New Zealand, 1915 in Canada, 1915 in New Zealand, 1916 in Canada, 1916 in New Zealand, 1917 in Canada, 1917 in New Zealand, 1918, 1918 in Canada, 1918 in New Zealand, 1919 in Canada, 1919 in New Zealand, 1919 Polish coup attempt, 1920 in Canada, 1920 in New Zealand, 1921 in Canada, 1921 in New Zealand, 1922 in Canada, 1922 in New Zealand, 1923 in Canada, 1923 in New Zealand, 1924 in Canada, 1924 in New Zealand, 1925 in Canada, 1925 in New Zealand, 1926 in Canada, 1926 in New Zealand, 1927 in Canada, 1927 in New Zealand, 1928 in Canada, 1928 in New Zealand, 1929 in Canada, 1929 in New Zealand, 1930 in Canada, 1930 in New Zealand, 1931 in Canada, 1931 in New Zealand, 1931 Yugoslav Constitution, 1932 in Canada, 1932 in New Zealand, 1933 in Canada, 1933 in New Zealand, 1934 in Canada, 1934 in New Zealand, 1935 in Canada, 1935 in New Zealand, 1936 in Canada, 1936 in New Zealand, 1937 in Canada, 1937 in New Zealand, 1938 in Canada, 1938 in New Zealand, 1939 in Canada, 1939 in New Zealand, 1940 in Canada, 1940 in New Zealand, 1941 in Canada, 1941 in New Zealand, 1942 in Canada, 1942 in New Zealand, 1943 in Canada, 1943 in New Zealand, 1944 in Canada, 1944 in New Zealand, 1945, 1945 in Canada, 1945 in Germany, 1945 in New Zealand, 1946, 1946 in Canada, 1946 in New Zealand, 1947 in Canada, 1947 in New Zealand, 1948 in Canada, 1948 in New Zealand, 1949 in Canada, 1949 in New Zealand, 1950 in Canada, 1950 in New Zealand, 1951 in Canada, 1951 in France, 1951 in New Zealand, 1952 in Canada, 1952 in New Zealand, 1953 in Canada, 1953 in New Zealand, 1954 in Canada, 1954 in New Zealand, 1955 in Canada, 1955 in New Zealand, 1956 in Canada, 1956 in New Zealand, 1957 in Canada, 1957 in New Zealand, 1958 in Canada, 1958 in New Zealand, 1959 in Canada, 1959 in New Zealand, 1960, 1960 in Canada, 1960 in New Zealand, 1961 in Canada, 1961 in New Zealand, 1962 in Canada, 1962 in New Zealand, 1963 in Canada, 1963 in New Zealand, 1964 Arab League summit (Alexandria), 1964 Arab League summit (Cairo), 1964 Brazilian coup d'état, 1964 in Canada, 1964 in New Zealand, 1965 in Canada, 1965 in New Zealand, 1966 in Canada, 1966 in New Zealand, 1966 in Nigeria, 1967 in Canada, 1967 in New Zealand, 1968 in Canada, 1968 in New Zealand, 1968 Polish political crisis, 1969 in Canada, 1969 in New Zealand, 1970 in Canada, 1970 in New Zealand, 1971 in Canada, 1971 in New Zealand, 1972 in Canada, 1972 in New Zealand, 1973 in Canada, 1973 in New Zealand, 1974 in Canada, 1974 in New Zealand, 1975, 1975 in Canada, 1975 in New Zealand, 1976, 1976 in Canada, 1976 in New Zealand, 1977 in Canada, 1977 in New Zealand, 1978 in Canada, 1978 in New Zealand, 1979 in Canada, 1979 in New Zealand, 1980 in Canada, 1980 in New Zealand, 1981 in Canada, 1981 in New Zealand, 1982 in Canada, 1982 in New Zealand, 1983 in Canada, 1983 in New Zealand, 1984 in Canada, 1984 in New Zealand, 1985 in Canada, 1985 in New Zealand, 1986 in Canada, 1986 in New Zealand, 1987 in Canada, 1987 in New Zealand, 1988, 1988 in Canada, 1988 in New Zealand, 1989 in Canada, 1989 in New Zealand, 1990 in Canada, 1990 in New Zealand, 1990s, 1991 in Canada, 1991 in New Zealand, 1992 in Canada, 1992 in New Zealand, 1993 in Canada, 1993 in New Zealand, 1994 in Canada, 1994 in New Zealand, 1995, 1995 in Canada, 1995 in New Zealand, 1996 in Canada, 1996 in New Zealand, 1997, 1997 in Canada, 1997 in Ireland, 1997 in New Zealand, 1998 in Canada, 1998 in New Zealand, 1998–2002 Argentine great depression, 1999 in Canada, 1999 in New Zealand, 1st BRIC summit, 2 euro commemorative coins, 2000 in Canada, 2000 in New Zealand, 2000s in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2001 in Canada, 2001 in New Zealand, 2002 in Canada, 2002 in New Zealand, 2003 in Canada, 2003 in New Zealand, 2004 in Canada, 2004 in Greece, 2004 in New Zealand, 2004 Istanbul summit, 2005 in Africa, 2005 in Canada, 2005 in New Zealand, 2005 World Summit, 2006 Commonwealth Games, 2006 Commonwealth Games highlights, 2006 in Africa, 2006 in Canada, 2006 in New Zealand, 2006 Thai coup d'état, 2007 Cricket World Cup, 2007 in Canada, 2007 in Georgia (country), 2007 in New Zealand, 2008 in Canada, 2008 in politics, 2008–09 Canadian parliamentary dispute, 2009, 2009 Fijian constitutional crisis, 2009 flu pandemic by country, 2009 flu pandemic in Costa Rica, 2009 Flu pandemic in North America, 2009 flu pandemic in South America, 2009 flu pandemic timeline, 2009 G20 London summit, 2009 in Canada, 2009 in New Zealand, 2009 Strasbourg–Kehl summit, 2009 World Games, 2010 Commonwealth Games, 2010 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony, 2010 IBSA summit, 2010 in Canada, 2010 in New Zealand, 2010 Lisbon summit, 2010 Nigerien coup d'état, 2010 Nuclear Security Summit, 2010 Shanghai Expo opening ceremony, 2010 South American Summit, 2011 in Canada, 2011 in New Zealand, 2011 Malawian protests, 2011 Qantas industrial disputes, 2012 Chicago summit, 2012 in Canada, 2012 in New Zealand, 2012 SCO summit, 2013 in Canada, 2013 in New Zealand, 2014 in Canada, 2014 in New Zealand, 2014 SCO summit, 2014 Wales summit, 2015 in Canada, 2015 in New Zealand, 2015 Western Balkans Summit, Vienna, 2016 in Canada, 2016 in New Zealand, 2016 Warsaw summit, 2016–17 Gambian constitutional crisis, 2017 Brussels summit, 2017 in Canada, 2017 in New Zealand, 2017 SCO summit, 2017–18 Iranian protests, 2018 Brussels summit, 2018 in Canada, 2018 in India, 2018 in New Zealand, 21 Motorised Infantry Brigade (Namibia), 21-gun salute, 24 (season 2), 2nd BRIC summit, 3rd BRICS summit, 4th BRICS summit, 5th BRICS summit, 6th BRICS summit, 7th BRICS summit. Expand index (3180 more) » « Shrink index

A Constitution for a Free Scotland

In September 2002, the Scottish National Party (SNP) published a document, entitled A Constitution for a Free Scotland, which details their policy for the Constitution of a future independent Scotland.

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A visa

An A Visa is a category of non-immigrant visas allowing travel to the United States issued to ambassadors, diplomats, government officials, and their support staff.

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Abdul Haris Nasution

Abdul Haris Nasution (3 December 1918 – 6 September 2000) was an Indonesian general who was twice appointed Army Chief of Staff and who escaped an assassination attempt during the 1965 coup attempt by 30 September Movement.

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Abdullah II of Jordan

Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein (عبد الله الثاني بن الحسين., ʿAbdullāh ath-thānī ibn Al-Ḥusayn, born 30 January 1962) has been King of Jordan since 1999.

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Absolute monarchy

Absolute monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which one ruler has supreme authority and where that authority is not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customs.

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Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi

Abū Bakr al-Baghdadi (أبو بكر البغدادي; born Ibrahim Awad Ibrahim al-Badri إبراهيم عواد إبراهيم علي محمد البدري السامرائي in 1971) is the leader of the Salafi jihadist militant terrorist organisation known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL),Rewards for Justice – Retrieved 25 January 2017 which controls territory in several countries.

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Aburi Accord

Aburi Accord was reached in 1967 at a meeting attended by delegates of both the Federal Government of Nigeria (the Supreme Military Council) and the Eastern delegates, led by the Eastern Region's leader Colonel Ojukwu.

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Act of Parliament

Acts of Parliament, also called primary legislation, are statutes passed by a parliament (legislature).

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Adam Tomkins

Adam Tomkins (born 28 June 1969) is an academic and politician based within Scotland.

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Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China

The Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China are the revisions and constitutional amendments to the original constitution to meet the requisites of the nation and the political status of Taiwan.

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Adekunle Fajuyi

Francis Adekunle Fajuyi,.

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Administrator of the Government

An Administrator (Administrator of the Government, Officer Administering the Government) in the constitutional practice of some countries in the Commonwealth is a person who fulfils a role similar to that of a Governor or a Governor-General.

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Adrienne Clarkson

Adrienne Louise Clarkson (née Poy, February 10, 1939) is a Hong Kong-born Canadian journalist and stateswoman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 26th since Canadian Confederation.

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Advice (constitutional)

Advice, in constitutional law, is formal, usually binding, instruction given by one constitutional officer of state to another.

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Advice and consent

Advice and consent is an English phrase frequently used in enacting formulae of bills and in other legal or constitutional contexts.

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Pashto: Afġānistān, Dari: Afġānestān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.

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Aide-de-camp

An aide-de-camp (French expression meaning literally helper in the military camp) is a personal assistant or secretary to a person of high rank, usually a senior military, police or government officer, a member of a royal family, or a head of state.

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Aide-de-camp general

Aide-de-camp general is a senior honorary appointment for general officers in the British Army.

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Air transports of heads of state and government

Air transports for heads of state and government are, in many countries, provided by the air force in specially equipped airliners or business jets.

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Airbus A340

The Airbus A340 is a long-range, four-engine, wide-body commercial passenger jet airliner that was developed and produced by the European aerospace company Airbus.

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Aix-Marseille University

Aix-Marseille University (AMU; Aix-Marseille Université; formally incorporated as Université d'Aix-Marseille) is a public research university located in Provence, southern France.

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Akintunde Akinsehinwa

Akintunde Akinsehinwa (November 11, 1944 – February 13, 1976) was the Aide-de-Camp to Murtala Ramat Mohammed – military ruler (Head of State) of Nigeria (1975–1976).

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Al-Farabi

Al-Farabi (known in the West as Alpharabius; c. 872 – between 14 December, 950 and 12 January, 951) was a renowned philosopher and jurist who wrote in the fields of political philosophy, metaphysics, ethics and logic.

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Albania

Albania (Shqipëri/Shqipëria; Shqipni/Shqipnia or Shqypni/Shqypnia), officially the Republic of Albania (Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe.

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Alberta

Alberta is a western province of Canada.

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Alberta Legislature

The Legislature of Alberta is the legislature of the province of Alberta, Canada.

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Alberto Fujimori

Alberto Kenya Fujimori Fujimori (born 26 July 1938 or 4 August 1938) is a Peruvian former politician who served as the President of Peru from 28 July 1990 to 22 November 2000.

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Alderaan

Alderaan was a fictional planet featured in the Star Wars franchise (in the Alderaan Sector of the Core Worlds). It is blue-green in appearance and is depicted as a terrestrial planet with humanoid inhabitants.

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Alfred Loewenstein

Alfred Léonard Loewenstein (11 March 1877 - 4 July 1928), CB, was a Belgian financier.

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Ali Khamenei

Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei (سید علی حسینی خامنه‌ای,; born 17 July 1939) is a ''marja'' and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989.

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Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein

Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein, Count Rietberg (born 11 June 1968, full name: Alois Philipp Maria), is the eldest son of Hans Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein, and Countess Marie Aglaë Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau.

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Althing

The Alþingi (parliament (Icelandic) and anglicised as Althingi or Althing) is the national parliament of Iceland.

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Amanullah Khan

Amānullāh Khān (امان الله خان) was the sovereign of the Kingdom of Afghanistan from 1919 to 1929, first as Emir and after 1926 as Malik (King).

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Ambassador

An ambassador is an official envoy, especially a high-ranking diplomat who represents a state and is usually accredited to another sovereign state or to an international organization as the resident representative of their own government or sovereign or appointed for a special and often temporary diplomatic assignment.

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Ambrosetti Forum

The Ambrosetti Forum organized by The European House – Ambrosetti, a consulting firm – is an annual international economic conference held at Villa d'Este, in the Italian town of Cernobbio on the shores of Lake Como.

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Amelita Ramos

Amelita "Ming" Jara Martinez-Ramos (born January 29, 1926) is the wife of Fidel V. Ramos–the twelfth President of the Philippines–and was the eleventh First Lady of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998.

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American Samoa

American Samoa (Amerika Sāmoa,; also Amelika Sāmoa or Sāmoa Amelika) is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Samoa.

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Amsinck family

Amsinck is a Dutch-origined patrician family whose members were prominent merchants in multiple countries including the Netherlands, Hamburg, Portugal, England, France, Hanover, Holstein, Denmark, Suriname and India.

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Anatole Marie Nkou

Anatole Fabien Marie Nkou (born June 21, 1948) is a Cameroonian diplomat and currently Cameroon's Ambassador to the United Nations Office at Geneva.

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Anatolijs Gorbunovs

Anatolijs Gorbunovs, also known as Anatoly Valeryanovich Gorbunov (Анато́лий Валериа́нович Горбуно́в) (born February 10, 1942 in Pilda parish, Ludza municipality, Latvia), is a Latvian politician who served as the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet during the final years of the Soviet regime in Latvia and as Chairman of the Supreme Council of Latvia during the first years after the country regained its independence.

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Andorra–France relations

Andorra–France relations have existed since 1278, when Andorra was granted sovereignty through paréage by the Count of Foix in southern France.

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Andrea Bocelli discography

Italian pop tenor and crossover artist Andrea Bocelli has released sixteen pop, classical, and Latin studio albums, including one holiday album; three compilation albums; twenty two singles; four collaborative albums; eleven complete opera recordings; three live albums, and nine live video releases.

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Anglosphere

The Anglosphere is a set of English-speaking nations which share common roots in British culture and history, which today maintain close cultural, political, diplomatic and military cooperation.

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António Pinto Soares

António Pinto Soares (1780 – April 6, 1865) was Head of State of Costa Rica from September 11 to September 27, 1842.

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Anthony Janszoon van Salee

Anthony Janszoon van Salee (1607–1676) was an original settler of and prominent landholder, merchant, and creditor in New Netherlands.

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Anti-Fengtian War

The Anti-Fengtian War (Fan Feng Zhan Zheng, 反奉战争) was the last major civil war within the Republic of China's northern Beiyang government prior to the Northern Expedition.

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April 26

No description.

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Archduke John of Austria

Archduke John of Austria (Erzherzog Johann Baptist Joseph Fabian Sebastian von Österreich; 20 January 1782 – 11 May 1859), a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, was an Austrian field marshal and imperial regent (Reichsverweser) of the short-lived German Empire during the Revolutions of 1848.

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Archontology

Archontology is the study of historical offices and important positions in state, international, political, religious and other organizations and societies.

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Arengo

The Arengo was the name of the assembly that ruled San Marino from the fifth century C.E. to 1243.

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Argentina–Brazil relations

Relations between and historical, and encompasses all possible dimensions: economy, trade, culture, education and tourism.

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Argentina–Egypt relations

Argentine-Egyptian relations are foreign relations between Argentina and Egypt.

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Argentine Confederation

The Argentine Confederation (Spanish: Confederación Argentina) is one of the official names of Argentina according to the Argentine Constitution, Article 35.

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Argentine Constitution of 1826

The Argentine Constitution of 1826 was a short-lived Constitution of Argentina drafted during the Argentine Civil Wars.

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Armando Guebuza

Armando Emílio Guebuza (born 20 January 1943) is a Mozambican politician who was President of Mozambique from 2005 to 2015.

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Armenia

Armenia (translit), officially the Republic of Armenia (translit), is a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic

Armenia (translit,; Армения; Armeniya), officially the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (Armenian SSR; translit; translit), also commonly referred to as Soviet Armenia, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union in December 1922 located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Army Group Courland

Army Group Courland (Heeresgruppe Kurland) was a German Army Group on the Eastern Front which was created from remnants of the Army Group North, isolated in the Courland Peninsula by the advancing Soviet Army forces during the 1944 Baltic Offensive of the Second World War.

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Arsenal of Democracy (video game)

Arsenal of Democracy is a grand strategy wargame that is based on Hearts of Iron II - Armageddon and its Europa engine.

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Arthur Seyss-Inquart

Arthur Seyss-Inquart (German:; 22 July 189216 October 1946) was an Austrian Nazi politician who served as Chancellor of Austria for two days – from 11 to 13 March 1938 – before the Anschluss annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany, signing the constitutional law as acting head of state upon the resignation of President Wilhelm Miklas.

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Assassination

Assassination is the killing of a prominent person, either for political or religious reasons or for payment.

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Assassination of Andrei Karlov

Andrei Karlov, the Russian Ambassador to Turkey, was assassinated by Mevlüt Mert Altıntaş, an off-duty Turkish police officer, at an art exhibition in Ankara, Turkey on the evening of 19 December 2016.

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Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin

The assassination of Yitzhak Rabin took place on 4 November 1995 (12th of Marcheshvan, 5756 on the Hebrew calendar) at 21:30, at the end of a rally in support of the Oslo Accords at the Kings of Israel Square in Tel Aviv.

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Atassi family

Atassi, also spelled Atasi (الأتاسي) is the name of a prominent family in Homs, Syria, of a noble and ancient lineage, dating back to the 15th century AD.

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Audience (meeting)

An audience is a formal meeting that takes place between a head of state and another person at the invitation of the head of state.

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Aufruf der Kulturschaffenden

The Aufruf der Kulturschaffenden (translated from German into English as "call to the artists", or more literally "call to the cultural workers" or "call to the cultural sector") was a declaration by German artists of their loyalty to Adolf Hitler.

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Australia–Indonesia relations

Australia–Indonesia relations refers to the foreign relations between Australia and one of its few neighboring countries, Indonesia.

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Australia–New Zealand relations

Australia–New Zealand relations, also referred to as Trans-Tasman relations ("relations across the Tasman Sea"), are extremely close.

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Australia–United States relations

Australia–United States relations are the international relations between the Commonwealth of Australia and the United States of America.

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Australian Canadians

Australian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Australian descent or Australian-born people who reside in Canada.

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Australian Constitutional Convention 1998

The Australian Constitutional Convention 1998 was a Constitutional Convention which gathered at the Old Parliament House, Canberra from 2–13 February 1998.

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Australian constitutional law

Australian constitutional law is the area of the law of Australia relating to the interpretation and application of the Constitution of Australia.

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Australian head of state dispute

The Australian head of state dispute refers to ongoing debate as to who is considered to be the head of state of Australiathe Monarch or the Governor-General.

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Austria

Austria (Österreich), officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich), is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.8 million people in Central Europe.

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Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council, or Cisleithania) and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or Transleithania) that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867.

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Azad Hind

Ārzī Hukūmat-e-Āzād Hind, the Provisional Government of Free India, or, more simply, Free India (Azad Hind), was an Indian provisional government established in occupied Singapore in 1943 and supported by the Empire of Japan, Nazi Germany, the Italian Social Republic, and their allies.

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Éamon de Valera

Éamon de Valera (first registered as George de Valero; changed some time before 1901 to Edward de Valera; 14 October 1882 – 29 August 1975) was a prominent statesman and political leader in 20th-century Ireland.

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École nationale d'administration

The École nationale d'administration (generally referred to as ÉNA;; National School of Administration) is a French grande école, created in 1945 by French President, Charles de Gaulle, and principal author of the French Constitution, Michel Debré, to democratise access to the senior civil service.

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Ba Maw

Ba Maw (ဘမော်,; 8 February 1893 – 29 May 1977) was a Burmese political leader, active during the interwar and World War II period.

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Babatunji Olowofoyeku

Chief Babatunji Olowofoyeku, OFR, SAN (21 May 1917 – 26 March 2003) was a Nigerian politician, educationist, lawyer and leader, a Yoruba and native of Ilesha in Osun State of Nigeria, whose political career started in the mid-1950s.

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Bahá'í Faith in Iceland

The Bahá'í Faith in Iceland (Icelandic Bahá'í samfélagið á Íslandi) began with Bahá'ís first visiting the Iceland in the early 20th century, and the first Icelandic Bahá'í was Hólmfríður Árnadóttir.

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Bahá'í House of Worship

A Bahá'í House of Worship, sometimes referred to by the name of mašriqu-l-'aḏkār (مشرق اﻻذكار), an Arabic phrase meaning "Dawning-place of the remembrances of God", is the designation of a place of worship, or temple, of the Bahá'í Faith.

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Bandy

Bandy is a team winter sport played on ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal.

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Bangladesh

Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ, lit. "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ), is a country in South Asia.

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Bangladesh–Cuba relations

Bangladesh–Cuba relations refer to the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and Cuba.

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Banner of Poland

Throughout most of the history of Poland, the banner of Poland was one of the main symbols of the Polish State, normally reserved for use by the head of state.

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Barbados

Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the Caribbean region of North America.

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Barbados–United Kingdom relations

Barbados–United Kingdom relations are the relations between the governments of Barbados and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK).

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Basic Laws of Sweden

The Basic Laws of Sweden (Sveriges grundlagar) are the four fundamental laws of the Kingdom of Sweden that regulate the Swedish political system, acting in a similar manner to the constitutions of most countries.

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Batey (sugar workers' town)

A batey (plural is bateyes) is a settlement around a sugar mill.

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Battenberg Mausoleum

The Memorial Tomb of Alexander I of Battenberg (Гробница паметник „Александър І Батенберг", Grobnitsa pametnik „Aleksandar І Batenberg"), better known as the Battenberg Mausoleum (Мавзолей на Батенберг, Mavzoley na Batenberg) in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, is the mausoleum and final resting place of Prince Alexander I of Bulgaria (1857–1893), the first Head of State of modern Bulgaria.

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Battle of Saipan

The Battle of Saipan was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought on the island of Saipan in the Mariana Islands from 15 June to 9 July 1944.

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Baudouin of Belgium

Baudouin (Boudewijn, Balduin; 7 September 1930 – 31 July 1993) reigned as the fifth King of the Belgians, following his father's abdication, from 1951 until his death in 1993.

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Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation

The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is an international organisation of seven nations of South Asia and South East Asia, housing 1.5 billion people and having a combined gross domestic product of $2.5 trillion (2014).

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Beatrix of the Netherlands

Beatrix (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard,; born 31 January 1938) is a member of the Dutch royal family who reigned as Queen of the Netherlands from 30 April 1980 until her abdication on 30 April 2013.

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Beijing Coup

The Beijing coup refers to the October 1924 coup d'état by Feng Yuxiang against Chinese President Cao Kun, leader of the Zhili warlord faction.

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Belarus at the Olympics

Athletes from Belarus began their Olympic participation at the 1952 Summer Games in Helsinki, Finland as part of the Soviet Union (IOC code: URS).

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Belarusian Social Democratic Assembly

Belarusian Social Democratic Assembly (Беларуская сацыял-дэмакратычная Грамада) known simply as "Hramada" or "The Assembly" is a Belarusian political party.

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Belgians

Belgians (Belgen, Belges, Belgier) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe.

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

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Belize

Belize, formerly British Honduras, is an independent Commonwealth realm on the eastern coast of Central America.

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Benelux

The Benelux Union (Benelux Unie; Union Benelux) is a politico-economic union of three neighbouring states in western Europe: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.

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Benin

Benin (Bénin), officially the Republic of Benin (République du Bénin) and formerly Dahomey, is a country in West Africa.

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Benjamin Constant

Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque (25 October 1767 – 8 December 1830), or simply Benjamin Constant, was a Swiss-French political activist and writer on politics and religion.

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Bermudian independence referendum, 1995

The Bermudan independence referendum of 1995 was a referendum held in Bermuda on 16 August 1995 over whether Bermuda should become an independent sovereign state or remain a British Dependent Territory.

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Bernard Vaussion

Bernard Vaussion (born 24 October 1953) is a French chef.

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Bhutan

Bhutan, officially the Kingdom of Bhutan (Druk Gyal Khap), is a landlocked country in South Asia.

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Bhutanese democracy

The development of Bhutanese democracy has been marked by the active encouragement and participation of reigning Bhutanese monarchs since the 1950s, beginning with legal reforms such as the abolition of slavery, and culminating in the enactment of Bhutan's Constitution.

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Bi-partisan appointment republican model

The Bi-partisan appointment republican model is a proposal for Australian constitutional reform.

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Bicameralism

A bicameral legislature divides the legislators into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses.

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Blue Bird Wanderlodge

Wanderlodge is a high end brand of Class A motorhome recreational vehicle that was built by the Blue Bird Body Company (now Blue Bird Corporation) in Fort Valley, Georgia, from about 1963 until 2009.

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Bo District

Bo District is a district in the Southern Province of Sierra Leone.

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BOAC Flight 777

BOAC Flight 777-A was a scheduled British Overseas Airways Corporation civilian airline flight from Portela Airport in Lisbon, Portugal to Whitchurch Airport near Bristol, England.

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Body politic

The body politic is a medieval metaphor that likens a nation to a corporation which had serious historical repercussions throughout recent history and therefore giving the Crown: "As a legal entity today the Crown as executive is regarded as a corporation sole or aggregate", a corporate entity.

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Bodyguard

A bodyguard (or close protection officer) is a type of security guard or government law enforcement officer or soldier who protects a person or people — usually high-ranking public officials or officers, wealthy people, and celebrities — from danger: generally theft, assault, kidnapping, assassination, harassment, loss of confidential information, threats, or other criminal offences.

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Bogd Khan

The Bogd Khan (Богд хаан; 1869–1924) was enthroned as Khagan of Mongolia (Bogd Khaganate) on 29 December 1911, when Outer Mongolia declared independence from the Qing dynasty after the Xinhai Revolution.

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Botswana

Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana), is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa.

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Braulio Carrillo Colina

Braulio Evaristo Carrillo Colina (March 20, 1800, Cartago, Costa Rica – May 15, 1845) was the Head of State of Costa Rica (the title as it was known before the reform of 1848) during two periods: the first between 1835 and 1837, and the de facto between 1838 and 1842.

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Brazilian presidential inauguration

The inauguration of the President of Brazil is composed of several ceremonies that happen in the same day.

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British Armed Forces

The British Armed Forces, also known as Her/His Majesty's Armed Forces, are the military services responsible for the defence of the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and the Crown dependencies.

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British Consulate-General, Hong Kong

The British Consulate-General Hong Kong, located at 1 Supreme Court Road, Admiralty, Hong Kong Island, is one of the largest British Consulates-General in the world and is bigger than many British Embassies and High Commissions.

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British High Commission, Accra

The High Commission of the United Kingdom in Accra is the chief diplomatic mission of the United Kingdom in Ghana.

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British High Commission, Dar es Salaam

The British High Commission in Dar es Salaam (Ubalozi wa Uingereza) is the diplomatic mission of the United Kingdom in Tanzania.

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British Overseas Territories

The British Overseas Territories (BOT) or United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs) are 14 territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom.

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British Ulster Dominion Party

The British Ulster Dominion Party was a minor political party in Northern Ireland during the 1970s.

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British–German cohabitation of Nazi-occupied Channel Islands

The German occupation of the Channel Islands lasted from 30 June 1940 to 9 May 1945.

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Brunei

Brunei, officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi), is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia.

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Buckingham Palace

Buckingham Palace is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom.

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Building of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Presidency Building (or the Building of the Presidency; Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian: Zgrada Predsjedništva / Зграда Предсједништва) is the official residence of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in the Centar Municipality of Sarajevo, in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Bulgaria

Bulgaria (България, tr.), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Република България, tr.), is a country in southeastern Europe.

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Burgomaster

Burgomaster (alternatively spelled burgermeister, literally master of the town, master of the borough, master of the fortress, or master of the citizens) is the English form of various terms in or derived from Germanic languages for the chief magistrate or chairman of the executive council, usually of a sub-national level of administration such as a city or a similar entity.

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Burundi

Burundi, officially the Republic of Burundi (Republika y'Uburundi,; République du Burundi, or), is a landlocked country in the African Great Lakes region of East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west.

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Bush shoeing incident

On December 14, 2008, Iraqi journalist Muntadhar al-Zaidi threw both of his shoes at United States President George W. Bush during an Iraqi press conference on December 14, 2008.

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Cabinet (government)

A cabinet is a body of high-ranking state officials, typically consisting of the top leaders of the executive branch.

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Cabinet of Azerbaijan

|President |İlham Aliyev |New Azerbaijan Party (YAP) |October 15, 2003 |- |First vice President |Mehriban Aliyeva |New Azerbaijan Party (YAP) |February 21, 2017 | The head of state and head of government are separate from the country’s law-making body.

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Cabinet of Iceland

The Cabinet of Iceland (Stjórnarráð Íslands) is the collective decision-making body of the government of Iceland, composed of the Prime Minister and the cabinet ministers.

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Cabinet of Singapore

The Cabinet of Singapore forms the Government (executive branch) of Singapore together with the President of Singapore.

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Cabinet of Tuvalu

The Cabinet of Tuvalu is the executive branch of the government of Tuvalu.

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Cali

Santiago de Cali, usually known by its short name "Cali", is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department, and the most populous city in southwest Colombia, with an estimated 2,319,655 residents according to 2005-2020/DANE population projections.

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Cambodia

Cambodia (កម្ពុជា, or Kampuchea:, Cambodge), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia (ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, prĕəh riəciənaacak kampuciə,; Royaume du Cambodge), is a sovereign state located in the southern portion of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Cambodian coup of 1970

The Cambodian coup of 1970 (រដ្ឋប្រហារឆ្នាំ ១៩៧០) refers to the removal of the Cambodian Head of State, Prince Norodom Sihanouk, after a vote in the National Assembly on 18 March 1970.

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Cambodian–Vietnamese War

The Cambodian–Vietnamese War, otherwise known in Vietnam as the "Counter-offensive on the Southwestern border" ("Chiến dịch Phản công Biên giới Tây-Nam) was an armed conflict between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and Democratic Kampuchea.

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Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church

The Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church is an office of the papal household that administers the property and revenues of the Holy See.

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Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

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Canada Act 1982

The Canada Act 1982 (1982 c. 11) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that was passed (as stated in the preamble) at the request of the Parliament of Canada, to "patriate" Canada's constitution, ending the necessity for the British parliament to be involved in making changes to the Constitution of Canada.

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Canada–Grenada relations

Canada – Grenada relations are bilateral relations between Canada and Grenada.

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Canada–New Zealand relations

Canada–New Zealand relations refers to international relations between New Zealand and Canada.

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Canada–United Kingdom relations

British–Canadian relations are the relations between Canada and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, being bilateral relations between their governments and wider relations between the two societies.

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Canada–United States relations

Relations between Canada and the United States of America historically have been extensive, given a shared border and ever-increasing close cultural, economical ties and similarities.

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Canadian federalism

Canadian federalism involves the current nature and historical development of federal systems in Canada.

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Canadian sovereignty

The sovereignty of Canada is a major cultural matter in Canada.

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Canberra Airport

Canberra Airport, is a major airport serving Australia's capital city, Canberra, as well as the nearby city of Queanbeyan and regional areas of the Australian Capital Territory and south-eastern New South Wales.

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Canon (priest)

A canon (from the Latin canonicus, itself derived from the Greek κανονικός, kanonikós, "relating to a rule", "regular") is a member of certain bodies subject to an ecclesiastical rule.

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Canonization of Pope John XXIII and Pope John Paul II

Pope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005).

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Cao Văn Viên

Cao Văn Viên (December 21, 1921 – January 22, 2008) was one of only two, South Vietnamese 4 star Army Generals in the history of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam during the Vietnam War.

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Cape Verde

Cape Verde or Cabo Verde (Cabo Verde), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean.

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Cape Verde–European Union relations

Cape Verde is an island nation, part of the Macaronesian group of islands of the Atlantic Ocean and was a former Portuguese colony during the colonial era between 1460 and 1975.

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Capital punishment by country

The following is a summary of the use of capital punishment by country.

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Captain general of the Army

Captain General (Capitán General in Spanish) has been the highest rank in the Spanish Army (Ejército de Tierra) since the 18th century.

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Captain general of the Navy

Captain general of the Navy (capitán general de la Armada in Spanish) is a five-star naval officer rank and the highest rank of the Spanish Navy (Armada Española).

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Captain of the guard

The Captain of the Guard is a position for a military force.

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Captains Regent

The Captains Regent (Italian: Capitani reggenti) are the two heads of state of the Republic of San Marino.

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Cardinal Secretary of State

The Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope, commonly known as the Cardinal Secretary of State, presides over the Holy See Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia.

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Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim

Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military leader and statesman.

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Carl Johan Bernadotte

Carl Johan Arthur Bernadotte, Prince Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg, (31 October 1916 – 5 May 2012) was the fifth and youngest child of King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden and his first wife Princess Margaret of Connaught.

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Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden

Carl XVI Gustaf (full name: Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus; born 30 April 1946) is the King of Sweden.

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Carl, 3rd Prince of Leiningen

Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Emich, Prince of Leiningen, KG (12 September 1804 – 13 November 1856), was the third Prince of Leiningen and maternal half-brother of Queen Victoria.

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Carmen Polo, 1st Lady of Meirás

María del Carmen Polo y Martínez-Valdés, 1st Lady of Meirás, Grandee of Spain (11 June 1900 – 6 February 1988) was the wife of General and dictator Francisco Franco.

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Carter Center

The Carter Center is a nongovernmental, not-for-profit organization founded in 1982 by former U.S. President Jimmy Carter.

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Carthage

Carthage (from Carthago; Punic:, Qart-ḥadašt, "New City") was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia.

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Casper & Mandrilaftalen

Casper & Mandrilaftalen, also known as Mandrilaftalen or Mandrillen, is a Danish dadaist and satirical cult television sketch show that originally aired on DR2 from March 1, 1999, to November 19, 1999, over two seasons, comprising a total of 67 episodes.

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Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery

The Catholic Church during the Age of Discovery inaugurated a major effort to spread Christianity in the New World and to convert the Native Americans and other indigenous people.

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Catholic Church in Andorra

The Catholic Church in Andorra is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.

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Catholic Church in Sweden

The Catholic Church in Sweden was established by Archbishop Ansgar in Birka in 829, and further developed by the Christianization of Sweden in the 9th century.

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Catholic Church sexual abuse cases

Cases of child sexual abuse by Catholic priests, nuns and members of religious orders, and subsequent cover-ups, in the 20th and 21st centuries have led to numerous allegations, investigations, trials and convictions.

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Celâl Bayar

Mahmut Celâl Bayar (16 May 1883 – 22 August 1986) was a Turkish politician who was the third President of Turkey from 1950 to 1960; previously he was Prime Minister of Turkey from 1937 to 1939.

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Cemal Gürsel

Cemal Gürsel (13 October 1895 – 14 September 1966) was a Turkish army officer, and the fourth President of Turkey.

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Central African Republic

The Central African Republic (CAR; Sango: Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka; République centrafricaine, or Centrafrique) is a landlocked country in Central Africa.

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Central Band of the Canadian Armed Forces

The Central Band of the Canadian Armed Forces (French:Musique Centrale des Forces Armées Canadiennes) is one of six full-time Regular Force military bands in the Canadian Armed Forces.

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Ceremonial mace

A ceremonial mace is a highly ornamented staff of metal or wood, carried before a sovereign or other high official in civic ceremonies by a mace-bearer, intended to represent the official's authority.

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Chad under Félix Malloum

The 1975 coup d'état in Chad that terminated Tombalbaye's government received an enthusiastic response in the capital N'Djamena.

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Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the presiding member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which collectively serves as head of state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

The Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is the presiding officer of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China, which is considered China's top legislative body.

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Charles Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak

Charles Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak, GCMG (Charles Anthoni Johnson Brooke; 3 June 1829 – 17 May 1917), born Charles Anthoni Johnson, ruled as the head of state of Kingdom of Sarawak from 3 August 1868 until his death.

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Charles Haughey

Charles James Haughey (16 September 1925 – 13 June 2006) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Taoiseach on three different occasions, 1979 to 1981, March 1982 to December 1982 and 1987 to 1992.

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Charles W. Field

Charles William Field (April 6, 1828 – April 9, 1892) was a career military officer, serving in the United States Army and then, during the American Civil War, in the Confederate States Army.

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Charles, marquis de Villette

Charles Michel, Marquis de Villette (4 December 1736 – 7 July 1793) was a French writer and politician.

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Charter of 1814

The French Charter of 1814 was a constitution granted by King Louis XVIII of France shortly after his restoration.

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Cheek kissing

Cheek kissing is a ritual or social kissing gesture to indicate friendship, family relationship, perform a greeting, to confer congratulations, to comfort someone, to show respect, or to indicate sexual or romantic interest.

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Cheremosh Ukrainian Dance Company

Cheremosh Ukrainian Dance Company (Український Танцювалний Ансамбль "Черемош"., translit. Ukrayinskiy Tantsyuvalniy Ansambl "Cheremosh") is a Ukrainian dance company based in Edmonton, Alberta and a leader of Ukrainian dance in Canada.

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Chief executive (disambiguation)

Chief executive is an alternate form for chief executive officer, the highest-ranking corporate officers (executives) or administrators.

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Chief Justice of Samoa

The Chief Justice of Samoa is the chief justice of the Supreme Court of Samoa.

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Chief magistrate

Chief magistrate is a public official, executive or judicial, whose office is the highest in its class.

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Chief Martial Law Administrator

The office of the Chief Martial Law Administrator was a senior government authoritative post created in countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh and Indonesia that gave considerable executive authority and powers to the holder of the post to enforce martial law in the country in an events to ensure the continuity of government.

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Chief Minister of Montserrat

The Chief Minister of Montserrat was the head of government of Montserrat, an island in the Caribbean that is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, appointed by the Governor of Montserrat on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II, Montserrat's head of state.

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Chilean Antarctic Territory

The Chilean Antarctic Territory or Chilean Antarctica (Spanish: Territorio Chileno Antártico, Antártica Chilena) is the territory in Antarctica claimed by Chile.

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Chile–Haiti relations

Chile–Haiti relations are the bilateral relations between Chile and Haiti.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Chinese nobility

Chinese sovereignty and peerage, the nobility of China, was an important feature of the traditional social and political organization of Imperial China.

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Chinese sovereign

The Chinese sovereign is the ruler of a particular period in ancient China.

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Choe Yong-gon (army commander)

Choe Yong-gon (21 June 1900 – 19 September 1976) was the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army from 1948 to 1950, North Korean defence minister from 1948 to 1957, and the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea from 1957 to 1972.

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Chris Rock

Christopher Julius Rock III (born February 7, 1965) is an American comedian, actor, writer, producer, and director.

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Christian IV of Denmark

Christian IV (Christian den Fjerde; 12 April 1577 – 28 February 1648), sometimes colloquially referred to as Christian Firtal in Denmark and Christian Kvart or Quart in Norway, was king of Denmark-Norway and Duke of Holstein and Schleswig from 1588 to 1648.

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Christian X of Denmark

Christian X (Christian Carl Frederik Albert Alexander Vilhelm; 26 September 1870 – 20 April 1947) was King of Denmark from 1912 to 1947 and the only king of Iceland (where the name was officially Kristján X), between 1918 and 1944.

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Chrysanthemum Throne

The is the term used to identify the throne of the Emperor of Japan.

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Chubb Fellowship

The Chubb Fellowship is a fellowship based and administered through Timothy Dwight College, one of Yale University's twelve residential colleges, and is one of Yale's highest honors for a visiting lecturer.

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Citizens for a Canadian Republic

Citizens for a Canadian Republic (French: Citoyens et Citoyennes pour une République Canadienne) (CCR) is a Canadian advocacy group founded in 2002 that advocates the replacement of the Canadian monarchy (in both its federal and provincial jurisdictions) with a head of state who would either be chosen through a general election or elected by the Parliament of Canada; no proposals relating to a replacement for the monarch in right of each province have been proffered.

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Civic-military dictatorship of Uruguay

The civic-military dictatorship of Uruguay (1973–85), also known as the Uruguayan Dictatorship, was an authoritarian military dictatorship that ruled Uruguay for 12 years, from June 27, 1973 (after the 1973 coup d'état) until February 28, 1985.

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Clifford Dupont

Clifford Walter Dupont, GCLM, ID (6 December 1905 – 28 June 1978) was a Rhodesian politician who served in the internationally unrecognised positions of Officer Administrating the Government (from 1965 until 1970) and President (from 1970 to 1975).

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Climate Change TV

Climate-ChangeTV was the world’s first web channel specific to climate change videos.

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Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea

The Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK, រដ្ឋាភិបាលចំរុះកម្ពុជាប្រជាធិបតេយ្យ, Odthaphibeal Chamrouh Kampouchea Brachathibtey); renamed to the National Government of Cambodia (NGC, រដ្ឋាភិបាលជាតិនៃកម្ពុជា, Rodthaphibeal Cheate nei Kampouchea) from 1990, was a coalition government in exile composed of three Cambodian political factions: Prince Norodom Sihanouk's Funcinpec party, the Party of Democratic Kampuchea (often referred to as the Khmer Rouge) and the Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) formed in 1982, broadening the de facto deposed Democratic Kampuchea regime.

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Cocos Malays

Cocos Malays are a community that form the predominant group of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, which is now part of Australia.

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CoDominium

CoDominium is a series of future history novels written by American writer Jerry Pournelle, along with several co-authors, primarily Larry Niven.

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College of Arms

The College of Arms, sometimes referred to as the College of Heralds, is a royal corporation consisting of professional officers of arms, with jurisdiction over England, Wales, Northern Ireland and some Commonwealth realms.

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Colombia

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America.

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Colombian Constitution of 1991

The Constitution of Colombia (Constitución Política de Colombia), better known as the Constitution of 1991, is the current governing document of the Republic of Colombia.

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Colombian culture

Many aspects of Colombian culture can be traced back to the early culture of Spain of the 16th century and its collision with Colombia's native civilizations (see: Muisca, Tayrona).

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Colombian presidential election, 2006

Presidential elections were held in Colombia on 28 May 2006.

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Columbia University

Columbia University (Columbia; officially Columbia University in the City of New York), established in 1754, is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City.

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Coming into force

Coming into force or entry into force (also called commencement) refers to the process by which legislation, regulations, treaties and other legal instruments come to have legal force and effect.

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Command responsibility

Command responsibility, sometimes referred to as the Yamashita standard or the Medina standard, and also known as superior responsibility, is the legal doctrine of hierarchical accountability for war crimes.

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Commander in Chief (video game)

Commander in Chief, also known as Geo-Political-Simulator is a government simulation game that allows a player to simulate being a nation's head of state.

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Commander-in-chief

A commander-in-chief, also sometimes called supreme commander, or chief commander, is the person or body that exercises supreme operational command and control of a nation's military forces.

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Commander-in-chief of the British Armed Forces

The Commander-in-Chief of the British Armed Forces is a position vested in the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, who as Sovereign and head of state is the "Head of the Armed Forces".

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Commanding officer

The commanding officer (CO) or, if the incumbent is a general officer, commanding general (CG), is the officer in command of a military unit.

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Commission (document)

A commission is a formal document issued to appoint a named person to high office or as a commissioned officer in a territory's armed forces.

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Commissioner

A commissioner is, in principle, a member of a commission or an individual who has been given a commission (official charge or authority to do something).

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Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1999

The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1999 was the sixteenth Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations.

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Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2002

The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2002 was the seventeenth Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations.

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Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2003

The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2003 was the eighteenth Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations.

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Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2007

The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2007 was the twentieth Meeting of the Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations.

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Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2013

The 23rd Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, from 15 to 17 November 2013.

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Commonwealth of Britain Bill

The Commonwealth of Britain Bill was a bill first introduced in 1991 by Tony Benn, then a Labour Member of Parliament in the House of Commons and was seconded by the future Leader of the Labour Party, Jeremy Corbyn.

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Commonwealth of Nations

The Commonwealth of Nations, often known as simply the Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organisation of 53 member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire.

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Commonwealth of Nations membership criteria

Commonwealth of Nations membership criteria are the corpus of requirements that members and prospective members must meet to be allowed to participate in the Commonwealth of Nations.

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Commonwealth Parliamentary Association

The Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA), previously known as the Empire Parliamentary Association, is an organisation which works to support good governance, democracy and human rights.

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Commonwealth realm

A Commonwealth realm is a sovereign state that is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and shares the same person, currently Queen Elizabeth II, as its head of state and reigning constitutional monarch, but retains a Crown legally distinct from the other realms.

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Communism in Vietnam

Communism in Vietnam has played a key role in the politics of Vietnam since independence.

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Communist Party of Kampuchea

The Communist Party of Kampuchea (បក្សកុម្មុយនីស្តកម្ពុជា or បក្សកុម្មុយនីសកម្ពុជា; CPK), also known as Khmer Communist Party, was a communist party in Cambodia.

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Communist state

A Communist state (sometimes referred to as workers' state) is a state that is administered and governed by a single party, guided by Marxist–Leninist philosophy, with the aim of achieving communism.

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Comoros

The Comoros (جزر القمر), officially the Union of the Comoros (Comorian: Udzima wa Komori, Union des Comores, الاتحاد القمري), is a sovereign archipelago island nation in the Indian Ocean located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel off the eastern coast of Africa between northeastern Mozambique and northwestern Madagascar.

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Comparison of U.S. state governments

In the United States, the government of each of the 50 states is structured in accordance with its individual constitution.

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Compendium of cultural policies and trends in Europe

The Compendium of Cultural Policies and Trends in Europe is a web-based and permanently updated information and monitoring system of national cultural policies in Europe The Compendium originates from the Council of Europe's Programme of National Cultural Policy Reviews.

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Confederation of the Rhine

The Confederation of the Rhine (Rheinbund; French: officially États confédérés du Rhin, but in practice Confédération du Rhin) was a confederation of client states of the First French Empire.

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Congress of People's Deputies of Russia

The Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian SFSR (Съезд народных депутатов РСФСР) and since 1991 Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation (Съезд народных депутатов Российской Федерации) was the supreme government institution in the Russian SFSR and in the Russian Federation from 16 May 1990 to 21 September 1993.

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Conservatism in Australia

Conservatism in Australia refers to the political philosophy of conservatism as it has developed in Australia.

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Consociationalism

Consociationalism is often viewed as synonymous with power-sharing, although it is technically only one form of power-sharing.

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Constantine II of Greece

Constantine II (Κωνσταντίνος Βʹ, Konstantínos II,; born 2 June 1940) reigned as the King of Greece, from 1964 until the abolition of the monarchy in 1973.

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Constituent state

A constituent state is a territorial and constitutional entity forming part of a sovereign state.

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Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act 1936

The Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act, 1936 was an amendment to the Constitution of the Irish Free State that was intended to abolish the office of Governor-General, removed all reference to the King, and almost completely eliminated the King's constitutional role in the state.

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Constitution of Albania

The present Constitution of Albania (Kushtetuta e Shqipërisë) was adopted by the Parliament on 28 November 1998.

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Constitution of Andorra

The Constitution of Andorra (Constitució d'Andorra) is the supreme law of the Principality of Andorra.

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Constitution of Australia

The Constitution of Australia is the supreme law under which the government of the Commonwealth of Australia operates, including its relationship to the States of Australia.

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Constitution of Austria

The Constitution of Austria (Österreichische Bundesverfassung) is the body of all constitutional law of the Republic of Austria on the federal level.

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Constitution of Bhutan

The Constitution of Bhutan (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་གི་རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོ་; Wylie: 'Druk-gi cha-thrims-chen-mo) was enacted 18 July 2008 by the Royal Government of Bhutan.

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Constitution of Cameroon

The Constitution of Cameroon is the supreme law of the Republic of Cameroon.

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Constitution of Denmark

The Constitutional Act of the Kingdom of Denmark (Danmarks Riges Grundlov), or simply the Constitution (Grundloven), is the constitution of the Kingdom of Denmark, applying equally in Denmark proper, Greenland and the Faroe Islands.

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Constitution of Guyana

The Constitution of Guyana is the highest governing document in the Republic of Guyana.

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Constitution of Iraq

The Constitution of Iraq is the fundamental law of Iraq.

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Constitution of Japan

The is the fundamental law of Japan.

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Constitution of Kenya

The Constitution of Kenya is the supreme law of the Republic of Kenya.

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Constitution of Kenya (1963)

Kenya's 1963 independence constitution was based on the standard "Lancaster House template" used for the former British colonies in Africa, was subject to early amendments, and was replaced in 1969.

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Constitution of Malaysia

The Federal Constitution of Malaya, which came into force in 1957, is the supreme law of Malaya.

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Constitution of Montenegro

The current Constitution of Montenegro was ratified and adopted by the Constitutional Parliament of Montenegro on 19 October 2007 on an extraordinary session by achieving the required two-thirds supermajority of votes.

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Constitution of New Zealand

The Constitution of New Zealand is the sum of laws and principles that make up the body politic of the realm.

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Constitution of Pakistan

The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu), also known as the 1973 Constitution is the supreme law of Pakistan.

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Constitution of Pakistan of 1956

The Constitution of 1956 was the fundamental law of Pakistan from March 1956 until the 1958 Pakistani coup d'état.

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Constitution of Qatar

The Constitution of Qatar (Dastūr Qatar) is the supreme law of the State of Qatar.

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Constitution of Somalia

The Provisional Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia (Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya) is the supreme law of Somalia.

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Constitution of South Sudan

The Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011 was drafted by a Southern Sudan Constitutional Drafting Committee.

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Constitution of Southern Sudan

The Constitution of Southern Sudan was the 2005 Interim Constitution of Southern Sudan, as established by the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement within the framework of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement ending the Second Sudanese Civil War, signed into practice on 9 January 2005.

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Constitution of Spain

The Spanish Constitution (Constitución Española; Espainiako Konstituzioa; Constitució Espanyola; Constitución Española; Constitucion espanhòla) is the democratic law that is supreme in the Kingdom of Spain.

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Constitution of Tanzania

The Constitution of Tanzania, formally Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania and also known as Permanent Constitution or Fourth Constitution of Tanzania, was ratified in 1977.

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Constitution of the British Virgin Islands

The Constitution of the British Virgin Islands is a predominantly codified constitution documented primarily within the Virgin Islands Constitution Order, 2007 a statutory instrument of the United Kingdom.

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Constitution of the Irish Free State

The Constitution of the Irish Free State (Bunreacht Shaorstáit Eireann) was adopted by Act of Dáil Éireann sitting as a constituent assembly on 25 October 1922.

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Constitution of the Netherlands

The Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands (Grondwet voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden) is one of two fundamental documents governing the Kingdom of the Netherlands as well as the fundamental law of the European territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

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Constitution of the Philippines

The Constitution of the Philippines (Filipino: Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas or Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas) is the constitution or supreme law of the Republic of the Philippines.

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Constitution of the Polish People's Republic

The Constitution of the Polish People's Republic (also known as July Constitution or Constitution of 1952) was passed on 22 July 1952.

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Constitution of the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom does not have one specific constitutional document named as such.

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Constitution of Turkey

The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası), also known as the Constitution of 1982, is Turkey's fundamental law.

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Constitution of Turkmenistan

The Constitution of Turkmenistan adopted on 18 May 1992 is the supreme law of Turkmenistan (Article 5).

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Constitution of Tuvalu

The Constitution of Tuvalu states that it is “the supreme law of Tuvalu” and that “all other laws shall be interpreted and applied subject to this Constitution”; it sets out the Principles of the Bill of Rights and the Protection of the Fundamental Rights and Freedoms.

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Constitutional convention (political custom)

A constitutional convention is an informal and uncodified procedural agreement that is followed by the institutions of a state.

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Constitutional history of Greece

In the modern history of Greece, starting from the Greek War of Independence, the Constitution of 1975/1986/2001 is the last in a series of democratically adopted Constitutions (with the exception of the Constitutions of 1968 and 1973 imposed by a dictatorship).

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Constitutional laws of Italy

A constitutional law, in the Italian legal system, is an Act of Parliament that has the same strength as the Constitution of Italy.

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Constitutional monarchy

A constitutional monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign exercises authority in accordance with a written or unwritten constitution.

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Consul (representative)

A consul is an official representative of the government of one state in the territory of another, normally acting to assist and protect the citizens of the consul's own country, and to facilitate trade and friendship between the people of the two countries.

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Consular missions in Hong Kong

There are 123 diplomatic missions in Hong Kong, of which 62 are Consulates-General and 61 are Consulates (including those represented by Honorary Consuls, and six officially recognised bodies in Hong Kong. Most of the Consulates-General are located in the areas of Central, Admiralty, Wan Chai, Wan Chai North, Causeway Bay and Sheung Wan within Victoria City. Only two are located in Kowloon (Cambodia and Nepal), in the areas of Tsim Sha Tsui and Tsim Sha Tsui East respectively. Of these, 55 Consulates-General and seven Honorary Consulates are also accredited to Macau. There are 10 Honorary Consulates in Macau, of which two are subordinate to the Consulates-General in Hong Kong.

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Controversies regarding the role of the Emperor of Japan

There have been several controversies regarding the role and the status of the Emperor of Japan.

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Convention on the Future of Europe

The Convention on the Future of Europe (officially the European Convention), was a body established by the European Council in December 2001 as a result of the Laeken Declaration.

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Cook Islands

The Cook Islands (Cook Islands Māori: Kūki 'Āirani) is a self-governing island country in the South Pacific Ocean in free association with New Zealand.

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Copernican paradigm

Copernican paradigm is an analysis of Australian constitutional structures in order to develop models establishing Australia as a republic with a directly elected head of state.

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Cornish people

The Cornish people or Cornish (Kernowyon) are an ethnic group native to, or associated with Cornwall: and a recognised national minority in the United Kingdom, which can trace its roots to the ancient Britons who inhabited southern and central Great Britain before the Roman conquest.

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Coronation of Elizabeth II

The coronation of Elizabeth II as Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) took place on 2 June 1953, at Westminster Abbey.

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Coronation of the British monarch

The coronation of the British monarch is a ceremony (specifically, initiation rite) in which the monarch of the United Kingdom is formally invested with regalia and crowned at Westminster Abbey.

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Cortes Generales

The Cortes Generales (General Courts) are the bicameral legislature of the Kingdom of Spain, consisting of two chambers: the Congress of Deputies (the lower house) and the Senate (the upper house).

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Council of People's Commissars

The Council of People's Commissars (Совет народных комиссаров or Совнарком, translit. Soviet narodnykh kommissarov or Sovnarkom, also as generic SNK) was a government institution formed shortly after the October Revolution in 1917.

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Council of the Arab League

The Council of the Arab League (مجلس جامعة الدول العربية / ISO 233) (also the Arab League Council) is the principal institution of the Arab LeagueOron 1960: 123 and was created by article 3 of the Charter of the Arab League.

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Council of the European Union

The Council of the European Union, referred to in the treaties and other official documents simply as the Council is the third of the seven Institutions of the European Union (EU) as listed in the Treaty on European Union.

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Council of Three

In the history of humanity there were several collective bodies named Council of Three.

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Count Dooku

Count Dooku of Serenno, from the House of Dooku is a fictional character from the ''Star Wars'' franchise, appearing in Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones and Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith as a primary and minor antagonist respectively.

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Countersign (legal)

Countersigning means writing a second signature onto a document.

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Courland Pocket

The Courland Pocket was a group of German forces of Reichskommissariat Ostland on the Courland Peninsula that was cut off and surrounded by the Red Army from July 1944 through May 1945.

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Court (royal)

A court is an extended royal household in a monarchy, including all those who regularly attend on a monarch, or another central figure.

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Court Circular

The Court Circular (sometimes referred to as the CC) is the official record that lists the engagements carried out by the Monarch of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms; the Royal Family; and appointments to their staff and to the court.

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Courtesy call

A courtesy call is a call or visit made out of politeness.

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Credential

Examples of credentials include academic diplomas, academic degrees, certifications, security clearances, identification documents, badges, passwords, user names, keys, powers of attorney, and so on.

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Credo: John Paul II

Credo: John Paul II is the fourth DVD released by Italian tenor, Andrea Bocelli, celebrating the life of pope John Paul II.

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Cristeta Comerford

Cristeta Pasia Comerford (born October 27, 1962) is a Filipino-American chef who has been the White House Executive Chef since 2005.

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Croatia

Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, on the Adriatic Sea.

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Croatian Parliament

The Croatian Parliament (Hrvatski sabor) or the Sabor is the unicameral representative body of the citizens of the Republic of Croatia; it is Croatia's legislature.

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Croatian War of Independence

The Croatian War of Independence was fought from 1991 to 1995 between Croat forces loyal to the government of Croatia—which had declared independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)—and the Serb-controlled Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and local Serb forces, with the JNA ending its combat operations in Croatia by 1992.

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Crossplot (film)

Crossplot is a 1969 film starring Roger Moore.

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Crown jewels

Crown Jewels are the objects of metalwork and jewellery in the regalia of a current or former monarchy.

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Cuba under Fidel Castro

Under the rule of Fidel Castro, the nation of Cuba underwent significant economic, political, and social changes.

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Cult of personality

A cult of personality arises when a country's regime – or, more rarely, an individual politician – uses the techniques of mass media, propaganda, the big lie, spectacle, the arts, patriotism, and government-organized demonstrations and rallies to create an idealized, heroic, and worshipful image of a leader, often through unquestioning flattery and praise.

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Cultural Revolution

The Cultural Revolution, formally the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in China from 1966 until 1976.

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Customary international law

Customary international law is an aspect of international law involving the principle of custom.

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Cuzcatlan

Cuzcatlan (Nawat: Kuskatan) was a pre-Columbian Nahua state of the postclassical period that extended from the Paz river to the Lempa river (covering most of the western and central zones of the present Republic of El Salvador), this was the nation that Spanish chroniclers came to call the Pipils/Cuzcatlecs.

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Cyberocracy

In futurology, cyberocracy describes a hypothetical form of government that rules by the effective use of information.

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Cypriot legislative election, 2016

Parliamentary elections were held in Cyprus on 22 May 2016 to elect 56 of the 80 Members of the House of Representatives.

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Czech European Constitution referendum

The Czech referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe was expected to take place in 2006 to decide whether the Czech Republic should ratify the proposed Constitution of the European Union.

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Czech Republic

The Czech Republic (Česká republika), also known by its short-form name Czechia (Česko), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast.

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Darjah Utama Temasek

The Darjah Utama Temasek (Order of Temasek) is Singapore's second most important national honour and was instituted in 1962.

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Date Munenari

The Marquis was the eighth head of the Uwajima Domain during the Late Tokugawa shogunate and a politician of the early Meiji era.

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David Pearey

David Pearey (born 15 July 1948) was the Governor of the British Virgin Islands from 18 April 2006 to 5 August 2010.

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Day-year principle

The day-year principle, year-day principle or year-for-a-day principle is a method of interpretation of Bible prophecy in which the word day in prophecy is considered to be symbolic of a year of actual time.

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Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic)

Dáil Éireann (Assembly of Ireland), also called the Revolutionary Dáil, was the revolutionary, unicameral parliament of the Irish Republic from 1919 to 1922.

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Dáil Constitution

The Constitution of Dáil Éireann (Bunreacht Dála Éireann), more commonly known as the Dáil Constitution, was the constitution of the 1919–22 Irish Republic.

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Dési Bouterse

Desiré Delano "Dési" Bouterse (born 13 October 1945) is a Surinamese politician who has been President of Suriname since 2010.

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De facto

In law and government, de facto (or;, "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, even if not legally recognised by official laws.

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De La Salle Brothers Philippine District

The De La Salle Brothers - Philippine District is part of the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, the largest congregation of Roman Catholic religious Brothers who are exclusively dedicated to education.

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Death and state funeral of Josip Broz Tito

The funeral of Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia, was held on 8 May 1980, four days after his death on 4 May.

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Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev

On 10 November 1982, Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, the third General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and the fifth leader of the Soviet Union, died aged 75 after suffering a heart attack following years of serious ailments.

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Death of Lee Kuan Yew

Lee Kuan Yew, the founding Prime Minister of Singapore and former leader of the People's Action Party, died at the age of 91 on 23 March 2015, after being hospitalised with severe pneumonia on 5 February 2015.

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Death threat

A death threat is a threat, often made anonymously, by one person or a group of people to kill another person or group of people.

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Declaration of the Clergy of France

The Declaration of the clergy of France was a four article document of the 1681 Assembly of the French clergy promulgated in 1682 which codified the principles of Gallicanism into a system for the first time in an official and definitive formula.

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Declaration of war

A declaration of war is a formal act by which one state goes to war against another.

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Decree

A decree is a rule of law usually issued by a head of state (such as the president of a republic or a monarch), according to certain procedures (usually established in a constitution).

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Defence minister

The title Defence Minister, Minister for Defence, Minister of National Defense, Secretary of Defence, Secretary of State for Defense or some similar variation, is assigned to the person in a cabinet position in charge of a Ministry of Defence, which regulates the armed forces in sovereign states.

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Definitions of terrorism

There is no universal agreement on the definition of terrorism.

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Definitive stamps of Russia

Definitive stamps of Russia are the regular postage stamp issues produced in the Russian Empire and RSFSR between 1857 and 1923, and in the Russian Federation since 1992.

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Delfim Modesto Brandão

Delfim Modesto Brandão (1835 – ?), also spelt with Galician orthography as Delfín Modesto Brandón, was the second to last "Juiz" (head of state) of the Couto Misto, taking office in January 1863, according to his memoirs, and followed by one last "Juiz" whose mandate ceased with the partition and formal annexation of the territory by Spain and Portugal on June 23, 1868.

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Demchugdongrub

Demchugdongrub (8 February 1902– 23 May 1966), also known as Prince De or Teh, was a Mongolian prince descended from the Borjigin imperial clan who lived during the 20th century and became the leader of an independence movement in Inner Mongolia.

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Democracy

Democracy (δημοκρατία dēmokraa thetía, literally "rule by people"), in modern usage, has three senses all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting.

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Democracy in the Middle East

According to the Democracy Index 2016 study, Israel (#29 worldwide) is the only democracy in the Middle East, while Tunisia (#69 worldwide) is the only democracy in North Africa.

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Democratic Party of Nauru

The Democratic Party of Nauru (DPN) is a political party in the Pacific nation of Nauru.

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Demographics of the Swiss Federal Council

The tables below show information and statistics about the members of the Swiss Federal Council (in German: Bundesrat, in French: conseil fédéral, in Italian: consiglio federale), or Federal Councilors (in German: Bundesräte, in French: conseillers fédéraux, in Italian: consiglieri federali).

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Deng Xiaoping

Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997), courtesy name Xixian (希贤), was a Chinese politician.

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Deputy Presidents of the State Presidium of Kampuchea

The Deputy Presidents of the State Presidium of Kampuchea were deputy heads of state of that country 1976 - 1978.

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Dictator

A dictator is a political leader who possesses absolute power.

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Didier Burkhalter

Didier Burkhalter (born 17 April 1960 in Neuchâtel) is a former Swiss politician.

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Dighapatia Raj

Dighapatia Raj (sometimes called Dighapatia Raj Paribar literally Dighapatia Royal Family) was a zamindari in present-day Rajshahi, which was ruled by this dynasty of 7 generations of Rajas from early 18th century till the mid-20th century; when the democratic government took power after the end of the British Monarchy's rule in India, in 1950, the East Pakistan government abolished aristocracies and the zamindari system in present-day Bangladesh.

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Dignitary Protection

Dignitary Protection services are most often provided by either the United States Secret Service or the US Department of State’s Diplomatic Security Service.

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Dilma Rousseff

Dilma Vana Rousseff (often known mononymously as Dilma; born 14 December 1947) is a Brazilian economist and politician who served as the 36th President of Brazil, holding the position from 2011 until her impeachment and removal from office on 31 August 2016, becoming the first democratically-elected female President in the world to be impeached and removed.

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Diplomacy

Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of states.

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Diplomacy Monitor

Diplomacy Monitor was a free Internet-based tool created in 2003 to monitor diplomacy documents (communiqués, official statements, interview transcripts, etc.) published in various diplomacy-related websites, including official sources from governments (head of state websites, consulates, foreign ministries) all over the world.

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Diplomatic corps

The diplomatic corps or corps diplomatique is the collective body of foreign diplomats accredited to a particular country or body.

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Diplomatic correspondence

Diplomatic correspondence is correspondence between one state and another, usually – though not exclusively – of a formal character.

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Diplomatic rank

Diplomatic rank is a system of professional and social rank used in the world of diplomacy and international relations.

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Diplomatic recognition

Diplomatic recognition in international law is a unilateral political act with domestic and international legal consequences, whereby a state acknowledges an act or status of another state or government in control of a state (may be also a recognized state).

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Direct election republican model (Australia)

A direct election republican model is a proposal for Australian constitutional reform.

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Directorial system

A directorial republic is a country ruled by a college of several people who jointly exercise the powers of a head of state or a head of government.

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Divided government

A divided government is a type of government in presidential systems, when control of the executive branch and the legislative branch is split between two parties, and in semi-presidential systems, when the executive branch itself is split between two parties.

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Djibouti

Djibouti (جيبوتي, Djibouti, Jabuuti, Gabuuti), officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country located in the Horn of Africa.

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Doctor of Civil Law

Doctor of Civil Law (DCL; Doctor Civilis Legis) is a degree offered by some universities, such as the University of Oxford, instead of the more common Doctor of Laws (LLD) degrees.

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Dominica

Dominica (Island Carib), officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island republic in the West Indies.

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Dominion

Dominions were semi-independent polities under the British Crown, constituting the British Empire, beginning with Canadian Confederation in 1867.

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Dominion of Ghana

Ghana was a dominion within the Commonwealth of Nations between 6 March 1957 and 1 July 1960, before it became the Republic of Ghana.

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Dominion of India

Between gaining independence from the United Kingdom on 15 August 1947 and the proclamation of a republic on 26 January 1950, India was an independent dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations with king George VI as its head of state.

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Dominion of New Zealand

The Dominion of New Zealand was the historical successor to the Colony of New Zealand.

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Doris Leuthard

Doris Leuthard (born 10 April 1963) is a Swiss politician and lawyer.

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Dragon Throne

The Dragon Throne is the term used to identify the throne of the Emperor of China.

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Dropping the writ

Dropping the writ is the informal term for a procedure in some parliamentary government systems, where the head of government (that is the prime minister, premier or chief minister, as the case may be) goes to the head of state and formally advises him or her to dissolve parliament.

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Druk Gyalpo

The Druk Gyalpo (lit. "Dragon King" or the King of Bhutan) is the head of state of the Kingdom of Bhutan.

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Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza

Dom Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza (23 September 1907 – 24 December 1976) was the claimant to the defunct Portuguese throne, as both the Miguelist successor of his father, Miguel, Duke of Braganza, and later as the head of the only Brigantine house, after the death of the last Legitimist Braganza, King Manuel II of Portugal.

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Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg

Adolf Friedrich Albrecht Heinrich, Duke of Mecklenburg (German: Adolf Friedrich Albrecht Heinrich, Herzog zu Mecklenburg; 10 October 1873 – 5 August 1969), was a German explorer in Africa, a colonial politician, the elected Duke of the United Baltic Duchy from 5 November to 28 November 1918, and the first president of the National Olympic Committee of West Germany (1949–1951).

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Earl Long

Earl Kemp Long (August 26, 1895 – September 5, 1960) was an American politician and the 45th Governor of Louisiana, serving three nonconsecutive terms.

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Earth in science fiction

An overwhelming majority of fiction is set on or features the Earth.

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East Timor

East Timor or Timor-Leste (Tetum: Timór Lorosa'e), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (República Democrática de Timor-Leste, Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste), is a sovereign state in Maritime Southeast Asia.

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Easter Crisis of 1920

The Easter Crisis of 1920 was a constitutional crisis and a significant event in the development of constitutional monarchy in Denmark during the Easter in March–April that year.

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Eastern Caribbean dollar

The Eastern Caribbean dollar (symbol: $; code: XCD) is the currency of all seven full members and one associate member of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS).

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Ecclesiastical court

An ecclesiastical court, also called court Christian or court spiritual, is any of certain courts having jurisdiction mainly in spiritual or religious matters.

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Economic and Social Council (Arab League)

The Economic and Social Council of the Arab League (ESC; مجلس جامعة الدول العربية الاقتصادي والاجتماعي, DIN:, originally the Economic Council) is an institution of the Arab League that co-ordinates its economic integration.

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Economic Community of Central African States

The Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS; Communauté Économique des États de l'Afrique Centrale, CEEAC; Comunidad Económica de los Estados de África Central, CEEAC; Comunidade Económica dos Estados da África Central, CEEAC) is an Economic Community of the African Union for promotion of regional economic co-operation in Central Africa.

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Economy of Peru

Peru is classified as upper middle income by the World Bank and is the 39th largest in the world by total GDP.

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Eddie Izzard

Edward John Izzard (born 7 February 1962) is an English stand-up comedian, actor, writer and political activist.

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Edward Ochab

Edward Ochab (16 August 1906 – 1 May 1989) was a Polish communist social activist and politician.

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Efraín Ríos Montt

José Efraín Ríos Montt (June 16, 1926 – April 1, 2018) was a Guatemalan general and politician who was born in Huehuetenango.

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Egypt

Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.

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Egypt Economic Development Conference

The Egypt Economic Development Conference (EEDC) was a three-day event that took place in the Egyptian Red Sea resort of Sharm El Sheikh.

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Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan

The Eighteenth Amendment of the Constitution of Pakistan (Urdu: آئین پاکستان میں اٹھارہویں ترمیم) was passed by the National Assembly of Pakistan on April 8, 2010, removing the power of the President of Pakistan to dissolve the Parliament unilaterally, turning Pakistan from a semi-presidential to a parliamentary republic, and renaming North-West Frontier Province to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

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Eighth East Asia Summit

The Eighth East Asia Summit was held in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei on October 9–10, 2013.

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Ekaterina Kalinina

Ekaterina Ivanovna Kalinina (Екатерина Ивановна Калинина; Lorberg; 2 July 1882 in Paide – 22 December 1960 in Moscow) was the wife of Soviet politician Mikhail Kalinin (1875–1946).

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El Salvador

El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador (República de El Salvador, literally "Republic of The Savior"), is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America.

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Elections in Abkhazia

Abkhazia elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.

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Elections in Algeria

Algeria elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.

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Elections in Argentina

This article is about voting, elections, and election results in Argentina.

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Elections in Armenia

Elections in Armenia gives information on election and election results in Armenia.

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Elections in Azerbaijan

Elections in Azerbaijan gives information on election and election results in Azerbaijan.

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Elections in Belarus

Belarus elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.

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Elections in Bolivia

Elections in Bolivia gives information on elections and election results in Bolivia.

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Elections in Brazil

Brazil elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature.

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Elections in Bulgaria

Bulgaria elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.

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Elections in Burkina Faso

Elections in Burkina Faso gives information on election and election results in Burkina Faso.

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Elections in Burundi

Elections in Burundi gives information on election and election results in Burundi.

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Elections in Cameroon

Elections in Cameroon gives information on election and election results in Cameroon.

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Elections in Cape Verde

Cape Verde elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.

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Elections in Côte d'Ivoire

Côte d'Ivoire elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.

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Elections in Chad

Elections in Chad includes information on election and election results in Chad.

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Elections in Chile

Chile holds nationwide presidential, parliamentary, regional and municipal elections.

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Elections in Colombia

Elections in Colombia are regulated and controlled by the National Electoral Council which also gives information on elections and election results in for the politics of Colombia.

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Elections in Costa Rica

Costa Rica elects on national level a head of state, the president, and a legislature.

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Elections in Cyprus

Elections in Cyprus gives information on election and election results in Cyprus.

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Elections in Dominica

Elections in Dominica have been taking place since 1832.

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Elections in East Timor

East Timor elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.

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Elections in Ecuador

Ecuador elects on national level a head of state, (a president), and a legislature.

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Elections in El Salvador

The government of El Salvador is a presidential representative democratic republic.

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Elections in Equatorial Guinea

Elections in Equatorial Guinea gives information on election and election results in Equatorial Guinea.

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Elections in Estonia

Estonia elects a legislature on the national level.

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Elections in Georgia (country)

Elections in Georgia gives information on elections and election results in Georgia.

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Elections in Ghana

Elections in Ghana gives information on election and election results in Ghana.

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Elections in Greece

Elections in Greece gives information on elections and election results in Greece.

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Elections in Guatemala

Elections in Guatemala include, on the national level, a head of state – the president – and a unicameral legislature.

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Elections in Guinea

Guinea elects on the national level a head of state—the president—and a legislature.

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Elections in Honduras

Honduras National Congress has 128 members (diputados); they serve four year terms.

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Elections in Iceland

Elections in Iceland gives information on election and election results in Iceland.

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Elections in Indonesia

Elections in Indonesia have taken place since 1955 to elect a legislature.

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Elections in Iran

Iran elects on national level a head of state and head of government (the president), a legislature (the Majlis), and an "Assembly of Experts" (which elects the Supreme Leader).

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Elections in Kiribati

Kiribati elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.

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Elections in Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan elects on the national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.

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Elections in Liberia

Elections in Liberia occur solely at the national level.

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Elections in Madagascar

Elections in Madagascar gives information on election and election results in Madagascar.

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Elections in Malawi

Malawi elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.

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Elections in Mali

Elections in Mali gives information on election and election results in Mali.

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Elections in Mauritania

Prior to the coup d'état of August 2005, Mauritania was a one party dominant state with the Democratic and Social Republican Party in power.

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Elections in Mexico

Elections in Mexico determine who, on the national level, takes the position of the head of state – the president – as well as the legislature.

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Elections in Mongolia

Elections in Mongolia gives information on elections and election results in Mongolia.

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Elections in Mozambique

Elections in Mozambique gives information on election and election results in Mozambique.

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Elections in Myanmar

Myanmar is a unitary republic, with elected representatives at the national and, state or region levels.

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Elections in Namibia

Elections in Namibia gives information on election and election results in Namibia.

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Elections in Nauru

Nauru elects on a national level a head of state (the president) and a legislature.

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Elections in Nicaragua

Elections in Nicaragua gives information on elections and election results in Nicaragua.

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Elections in Nigeria

Elections in Nigeria are forms of choosing representatives to the Nigerian federal government and the various states in Nigeria.

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Elections in Pakistan

Since its establishment in 1947, Pakistan has had an asymmetric federal government and is a federal parliamentary democratic republic.

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Elections in Palau

On a national level, the citizens of Palau elect a president, who serves a four-year term, and acts as head of state.

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Elections in Panama

Panama elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.

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Elections in Paraguay

Elections in Paraguay gives information on election and election results in Paraguay.

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Elections in Peru

In Peru, the people directly elect a head of state (the president) as well as a legislature.

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Elections in Poland

Elections in Poland to the election process, as well as the election results in Poland.

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Elections in Romania

Romania elects on a national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature.

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Elections in Russia

On the federal level, Russia elects a president as head of state and a legislature, one of the two chambers of the Federal Assembly.

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Elections in São Tomé and Príncipe

Elections in São Tomé and Príncipe gives information on election and election results in São Tomé and Príncipe.

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Elections in Senegal

Senegal elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.

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Elections in Seychelles

Seychelles elects on national level a head of state—the president—and a legislature.

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Elections in Slovakia

Elections in Slovakia gives information on election and election results in Slovakia.

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Elections in Slovenia

At a national level, Slovenia elects a head of state (a president) and a legislature.

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Elections in Somaliland

Somaliland elects on national level a head of state (the president) and a legislature.

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Elections in South Ossetia

Elections in South Ossetia gives information on elections and election results in South Ossetia.

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Elections in Sri Lanka

Elections in Sri Lanka gives information on election and election results in Sri Lanka.

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Elections in Sudan

Sudan elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.

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Elections in Suriname

Elections in Suriname gives information on election and election results in Suriname.

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Elections in Switzerland

Elections in Switzerland gives information on election and election results in Switzerland.

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Elections in Syria

Elections in Syria gives information on election and election results in Syria.

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Elections in Tajikistan

Elections in Tajikistan gives information on election and election results in Tajikistan.

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Elections in Tamil Nadu

Elections in Tamil Nadu are conducted every five years to elect the State assembly and its share of members to the Lok Sabha.

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Elections in Tanzania

Elections in Tanzania gives information on election and election results in Tanzania.

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Elections in the Central African Republic

Elections in the Central African Republic gives information on election and election results in the Central African Republic.

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Elections in the Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic is a unitary state with elected officials at the national and local levels.

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Elections in the Gambia

Elections in The Gambia gives information on election and election results in Gambia.

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Elections in the Maldives

Elections in Maldives gives information on election and election results in the Maldives.

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Elections in the Marshall Islands

Elections in Marshall Islands gives information on election and election results in Marshall Islands.

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Elections in the Republic of Macedonia

Elections in the Republic of Macedonia gives information on election and election results in the Republic of Macedonia.

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Elections in the Republic of the Congo

The Republic of the Congo elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.

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Elections in the United States

Elections in the United States are held for government officials at the federal, state, and local levels.

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Elections in Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.

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Elections in Ukraine

Elections in Ukraine are held to choose the President (head of state), Verkhovna Rada (legislature body), and local governments.

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Elections in Uruguay

Uruguay elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.

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Elections in Uttar Pradesh

Elections in Uttar Pradesh are conducted every five years to elect the State assembly and its share of members to the Lok Sabha.

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Elections in Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan elects on national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature.

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Elections in Vanuatu

Vanuatu elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature.

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Elections in Venezuela

Elections in Venezuela are held at a national level for the President of Venezuela as head of state and head of government, and for a unicameral legislature.

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Elections in Zimbabwe

The Zimbabwe government consists of an elected head of state, the president, and a legislature.

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Electoral college

An electoral college is a set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to a particular office.

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Electoral results of the Portuguese Communist Party

This is a table of the electoral results of the Portuguese Communist Party.

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Eleventh East Asia Summit

The Eleventh East Asia Summit was held in Vientiane, Laos on September 6–8, 2016.

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Elisabeth Berenberg

Elisabeth Berenberg (2 December 1749 – 16 January 1822) was a Hamburg heiress, merchant banker and a member of the Berenberg family.

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Elizabeth de Vere, Countess of Derby

Elizabeth de Vere, Countess of Derby, Lord of Mann (2 July 1575 – 10 March 1627), was an English noblewoman and the eldest daughter of the Elizabethan courtier, poet, and playwright Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford.

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Elizabeth II

Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms.

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Ema Derossi-Bjelajac

Ema Derossi-Bjelajac (sometimes rendered Derosi-Bjelajac) is a Croatian politician who served as the President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Croatia (a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) from 1985 until 1986 and was simultaneously the President of the Executive Council of the Socialist Republic of Croatia.

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Emmanuel Kasonde

Emmanuel Kasonde (December 23, 1935 – December 12, 2008) was a Zambian economist and politician who served as the Finance permanent secretary or Minister of Finance under three successive Zambian presidential administrations, including Kenneth Kaunda, Frederick Chiluba and Levy Mwanawasa.

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Emperor

An emperor (through Old French empereor from Latin imperator) is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm.

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Emperor of Ethiopia

The Emperor of Ethiopia (ንጉሠ ነገሥት, nəgusä nägäst, "King of Kings") was the hereditary ruler of the Ethiopian Empire, until the abolition of the monarchy in 1975.

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Emperor of Japan

The Emperor of Japan is the head of the Imperial Family and the head of state of Japan.

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Empire of Japan

The was the historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the enactment of the 1947 constitution of modern Japan.

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Ernest Bai Koroma

Ernest Bai Koroma (born 2 October 1953) is a Sierra Leonean politician who served as the 4th President of Sierra Leone from 17 September 2007 to 4 April 2018.

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Erwin von Witzleben

Job Wilhelm Georg Erdmann Erwin von Witzleben (4 December 1881 – 8 August 1944) was a German officer, by 1940 in the rank of Generalfeldmarschall (General Field Marshal), and army commander in the Second World War.

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Estonia

Estonia (Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariik), is a sovereign state in Northern Europe.

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Estonian presidential election, 2016

An indirect election took place in Estonia in 2016 to elect the president of Estonia, who is the country's head of state.

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Eternal leaders of Juche Korea

The official designation of Eternal Leaders of Juche Korea (주체조선의 영원한 수령) was established by a line in the preamble to the Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, as amended on 30 June 2016, and in subsequent revisions.

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Ethiopia–India relations

India-Ethiopia relations are bilateral diplomatic relations between India and Ethiopia.

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EU Summit 2001

The 2001 meeting of the European Council was held in the Swedish city of Gothenburg, from 14–16 June.

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Eurasian Economic Union

The Eurasian Economic Union (officially EAEU, but sometimes called EEU or EAU)The acronym is used in the.

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Euro summit

The Euro summit (also referred to as the eurozone summit or euro area summit) is the meeting of the heads of state or government of the member states of the eurozone (those EU states which have adopted the euro).

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Europa building

The Europa building is the seat of the European Council and Council of the European Union, located on Wetstraat/Rue de la Loi in the European Quarter of Brussels, the capital city of Belgium.

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European Council

The European Council, charged with defining the European Union's (EU) overall political direction and priorities, is the institution of the EU that comprises the heads of state or government of the member states, along with the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission.

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European of the Year (European Voice award)

The Europeans of the Year award was established in 2001 by European Voice to honour influential European citizens who have mostly affected the European legislative and policy agenda.

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European Parliament

The European Parliament (EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU).

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland

The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko; Evangelisk-lutherska kyrkan i Finland) is a national church of Finland.

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Ewuare II

Ewuare II (born October 20, 1953) was crowned the Oba of Benin on 20 October 2016.

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Excellency

Excellency is an honorific style given to certain high-level officers of a sovereign state, officials of an international organization, or members of an aristocracy.

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Exceptional circumstances

Exceptional circumstances are the conditions required to grant additional powers to a government or government leader so as to alleviate, or mitigate, unforeseen or unconventional hardship.

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Executive (government)

The executive is the organ exercising authority in and holding responsibility for the governance of a state.

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Exequatur

An exequatur is a legal document issued by a sovereign authority that permits the exercise or enforcement of a right within the jurisdiction of the authority.

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Exile

To be in exile means to be away from one's home (i.e. city, state, or country), while either being explicitly refused permission to return or being threatened with imprisonment or death upon return.

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External association

External association was a hypothetical relationship between Ireland and the British Commonwealth proposed by Éamon de Valera in 1921–22, whereby Ireland would be a sovereign state associated with, but not a member of, the Commonwealth; the British monarch would be head of the association, but not head of state of Ireland.

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Extraterritoriality

Extraterritoriality is the state of being exempted from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations.

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Faesch

Faesch, also spelled Fesch, is a prominent Swiss, French, Belgian, Corsican and Italian noble family, originally a patrician family of Basel.

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Faimalaga Luka

Faimalaga Luka (April 15, 1940 – August 19, 2005) was a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.

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Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (13 May 1905 – 11 February 1977) was the fifth President of India from 1974 to 1977 and also the 2nd President of India to die in office.

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Falkland Islands

The Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf.

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Farimang Mamadi Singateh

Al Hajj Sir Farimang Mamadi Singateh, GCMG (10 November 1912 – 19 May 1977) was the second and last Governor General of the Gambia, representing Queen Elizabeth II as head of state.

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Farmleigh

Farmleigh is the official Irish State guest house.

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Fürst

Fürst (female form Fürstin, plural Fürsten; from Old High German furisto, "the first", a translation of the Latin princeps) is a German word for a ruler and is also a princely title.

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Feast of Orthodoxy

The Feast of Orthodoxy (also knowns as the Sunday of Orthodoxy or the Triumph of Orthodoxy) is celebrated on the first Sunday of Great Lent (six Sundays before Pascha) in the liturgical calendar of the Eastern Orthodox Church and of the Byzantine Rite Eastern Catholic Churches.

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Federal Assembly (Switzerland)

The Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung, Assemblée fédérale, Assemblea federale, Assamblea federala) is Switzerland's federal legislature.

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Federal Council (Switzerland)

The Federal Council is the seven-member executive council which constitutes the federal government of the Swiss Confederation and serves as the collective executive head of government and state of Switzerland.

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Federal government of Brazil

The federal government of Brazil is the national government of the Federative Republic of Brazil, a republic in South America divided in 26 states and a federal district.

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Federal government of Iraq

The federal government of Iraq is defined under the current Constitution, approved in 2005, as an Islamic, democratic, federal parliamentary republic.

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Federal government of Nigeria

The Federal Government of Nigeria is the federal government for the Federal Republic of Nigeria, a federation in West Africa, composed of 36 states, who share sovereignty with the federal government and 1 federal territory administered solely by the federal government.

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Federal Government of Somalia

The Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) (Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya, حكومة الصومال الاتحادية) is the internationally recognised government of Somalia, and the first attempt to create a central government in Somalia since the collapse of the Somali Democratic Republic.

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Federal government of the United States

The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government) is the national government of the United States, a constitutional republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D.C. (the nation's capital), and several territories.

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Federal monarchy

A federal monarchy is a federation of states with a single monarch as over-all head of the federation, but retaining different monarchs, or a non-monarchical system of government, in the various states joined to the federation.

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Federal prince

Federal prince (Bundesfürsten, "Princes of the Federation") was the generic term for the royal heads of state (monarchs) of the various states making up the German Empire, with the exception of the states that were republics and Alsace-Lorraine which had a special status.

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Federal republic

A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government.

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Felipe VI of Spain

Felipe VI (Felipe Juan Pablo Alfonso de Todos los Santos de Borbón y de Grecia; born 30 January 1968) is the King of Spain.

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Femi Kuti

Olufela Olufemi Anikulapo Kuti (born 16 June 1962), popularly known as Femi Kuti, is a Nigerian musician born in London and raised in Lagos.

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Feminist theology

Feminist theology is a movement found in several religions, including Buddhism, Christianity, Judaism, and New Thought, to reconsider the traditions, practices, scriptures, and theologies of those religions from a feminist perspective.

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Ferenc Szálasi

Ferenc Szálasi (6 January 1897 – 12 March 1946) was the leader of the fascist Arrow Cross Party – Hungarist Movement, the "Leader of the Nation" (Nemzetvezető), being both Head of State and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary's "Government of National Unity" (Nemzeti Összefogás Kormánya) for the final six months of Hungary's participation in World War II, after Germany occupied Hungary and removed Miklós Horthy by force.

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Fiatau Penitala Teo

Sir Fiatau Penitala Teo (23 July 1911, in Funafuti – 25 November 1998) was a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.

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Fictional characters in the Southern Victory Series

The Southern Victory Series is a series of alternate history novels written by Harry Turtledove.

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Fidel Castro

Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (August 13, 1926 – November 25, 2016) was a Cuban communist revolutionary and politician who governed the Republic of Cuba as Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and then as President from 1976 to 2008.

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Fiesta Nacional de España

The Fiesta Nacional de España (Festa Nacional d'Espanya in Catalan/Valencian/Balearic; Festa Nacional de España in Galician; Espainiako Jai Nazionala in Basque) is the national day of Spain.

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Fiestas Patrias (Peru)

The Fiestas Patrias peruanas, or Peruvian National Holidays, are celebrations of Peru's independence from the Spanish Empire.

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Figurehead

In politics, a figurehead is a person who holds de jure (in name or by law) an important title or office (often supremely powerful), yet de facto (in reality) executes little actual power.

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Filoimea Telito

Sir Filoimea Telito (19 March 1945 – 11 July 2011) was a political and religious figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.

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Finland

Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.

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First Families of Pakistan

The First Family is an unofficial title for the family of the head of state or head of government of a country (usually a republic).

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First Family

First Family is an unofficial title for the family of a republic's head of state.

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First Family of the United States

The First Family of the United States (FFOTUS) is the official title for the family of the President of the United States, who is both head of state and head of government of the United States.

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First Lady

First Lady is an unofficial title used for the wife of a non-monarchical head of state or chief executive.

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First Lady of the Maldives

The First Lady of the Maldives is the title attributed to the wife of the President of the Maldives.

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First Lady or First Gentleman of the Philippines

The First Lady or First Gentleman of the Philippines (Unang Ginang/Ginoó ng Pilipinas) is the unofficial, customary title of the host or hostess of Malacañang Palace, the residence of the head of state and head of government of the Philippines.

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First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan

The First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan was the head of the Communist Party of Tajikistan and the highest Executive power in the republic of Tajikistan from 1924 until November 1990.

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First Territorial Capitol of Kansas

The First Territorial Capitol of Kansas (officially named First Territorial Capitol State Historic Site) is the sole remaining building of the ghost town of Pawnee, Kansas.

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First Town Hospital

The First Town Hospital (Прва варошка болница, Prva varoška bolnica) was built in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia in 1868.

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First wave of European colonization

The first European colonization wave took place from the early 15th century (Portuguese conquest of Ceuta in 1415) until the early 19th-century (French invasion of Algeria in 1830), and primarily involved the European colonization of the Americas, though it also included the establishment of European colonies in India and in Maritime Southeast Asia.

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Fischbach Castle

Fischbach Castle (Luxembourgish: Schlass Fëschbech, French: Château de Fischbach, German: Schloss Fischbach) is a castle in Luxembourg.

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Five-star rank

A five-star rank is a very senior military rank, first established in the United States in 1944, with a five-star general insignia, and corresponding ranks in other countries.

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Flag of Belgium

The national flag of the kingdom of Belgium (Vlag van het koninkrijk België, Drapeau de la Belgique, Flagge Belgiens) is a tricolour of three bands of black, yellow, and red.

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Flag of South Vietnam

The flag of South Vietnam served as the South Vietnamese national flag during that country's existence between 1948 and 1975.

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Floor Services Chief

The Floor Services Chief is the title of the staff member in the Speaker's or Majority Leader's office who runs the Majority cloakroom in the United States House of Representatives.

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Food vs. fuel

Food versus fuel is the dilemma regarding the risk of diverting farmland or crops for biofuels production to the detriment of the food supply.

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Fordham University

Fordham University is a private research university in New York City.

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Foreign policy analysis

Foreign policy analysis (FPA) is a branch of political science dealing with theory development and empirical study regarding the processes and outcomes of foreign policy.

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Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government

The foreign policy of the Modi government (also referred to as the Modi Doctrine) concerns the policy initiatives made towards other states by the current Modi government after he assumed office as Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014.

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Foreign relations of Barbados

This article deals with the diplomatic affairs, foreign policy and international relations of Barbados.

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Foreign relations of Canada

The foreign relations of Canada are Canada's relations with other governments and peoples.

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Foreign relations of Hong Kong

Under the Basic Law, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is exclusively in charge of its internal affairs and external relations, whilst the Government of the People's Republic of China is responsible for its foreign affairs and defence.

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Foreign relations of Mexico

The foreign relations of Mexico are directed by the President of the United Mexican States and managed through the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs.

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Foreign relations of New Zealand

The foreign relations of New Zealand are oriented chiefly toward developed democratic nations and emerging Pacific economies.

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Foreign relations of Somalia

Foreign relations of Somalia are handled by the President as the head of state, the Prime Minister as the head of government, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs Federal Government of Somalia.

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Foreign relations of the United Kingdom

The diplomatic foreign relations of the United Kingdom are conducted by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, headed by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs.

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Forest of Remembrance

The Forest of Remembrance (Bosque del Recuerdo), formerly known as the Forest of the Departed (Bosque de los Ausentes), is a memorial garden located in the park of El Retiro in Madrid, Spain that commemorates the 191 civilian victims of the 2004 Madrid train bombings and the special forces agent who died in the attacks on 11 March 2004.

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Formality

A formality is an established procedure or set of specific behaviors and utterances, conceptually similar to a ritual although typically secular and less involved.

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Formateur

A formateur (French for someone who forms, who constitutes) is a politician who is appointed to lead the formation of a coalition government, after either a general election or the collapse of a previous government.

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Former Indian National Army Monument

The Former Indian National Army Monument (Chinese: 印度国民军纪念碑) is a historical site and a demolished war memorial at the Esplanade Park located at Connaught Drive within the downtown of Singapore.

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Forum for India–Pacific Islands Cooperation

Forum for India-Pacific Islands cooperation (FIPIC) is a multinational grouping developed in 2014 for cooperation between India and 14 Pacific Islands nations which include Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, Niue, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu.

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Forum on China–Africa Cooperation

The Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC); Forum sur la coopération sino-africaine) is an official forum between the People's Republic of China and all states in Africa (with the exception of Swaziland and Burkina Faso, the two african states the PRC currently does not have diplomatic relations with, since they hold relations with Taiwan). There have been five summits held to date, with the most recent meeting having occurred from July 19-20, 2012 in Beijing, China. Previous summits were held in October 2000 in Beijing, December 2003 in Addis Ababa, November 2006 in Beijing, and November 2009 Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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France and the Commonwealth of Nations

Relations between the French Republic and the Commonwealth of Nations have undergone successive periods of change since the Commonwealth's creation.

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France–Poland relations

Polish–French relations date back several centuries, although they really only became relevant in the times of the French Revolution and the reign of Napoleon I. Poles were allies of Napoleon; a large Polish community settled in France in the 19th century, and Poles and French were also allies during the interwar period.

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Francisco Franco

Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator from 1939, after the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War, until his death in 1975.

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Francisco Javier Zaldúa

Francisco Javier Martínez de Zaldúa y Racines was a Colombian, lawyer and politician, elected President of Colombia in 1882.

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Francisco Morazán

Francisco Morazán (born October 3, 1792 – September 15, 1842) was a Honduran politician who was president of the Federal Republic of Central America from 1830 to 1839.

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Franco-British Union

A Franco-British Union is a concept for a union between the two independent sovereign states of the United Kingdom and France.

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Frankfurt Constitution

The Frankfurt Constitution (Frankfurter Reichsverfassung, FRV) or Constitution of St.

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Frankfurt Parliament

The Frankfurt Parliament (Frankfurter Nationalversammlung, literally Frankfurt National Assembly) was the first freely elected parliament for all of Germany, elected on 1 May 1848 (see German federal election, 1848).

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Freddy Padilla de León

General Freddy José Padilla de León (born 10 October 1948) is a retired General of the Army of Colombia and currently serves as Ambassador of Colombia to Austria and Permanent Representative to the United Nations Office at Vienna.

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French Chad

Chad was a part of the French colonial empire from 1900 to 1960.

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French Consulate

The Consulate (French: Le Consulat) was the government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of Brumaire in November 1799 until the start of the Napoleonic Empire in May 1804.

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French Fifth Republic

The Fifth Republic, France's current republican system of government, was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958.

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French Guiana

French Guiana (pronounced or, Guyane), officially called Guiana (Guyane), is an overseas department and region of France, on the north Atlantic coast of South America in the Guyanas.

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French rule in the Ionian Islands

The French rule in the Ionian Islands (Γαλλοκρατία των Επτανήσων) lasted from June 1797 to March 1799.

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Freundel Stuart

Freundel Jerome Stuart, PC, QC, MP (born 27 April 1951) is a Barbadian politician who is the former Prime Minister of Barbados and Leader of the Democratic Labour Party (DLP) from 23 October 2010 to 21 February 2013; and from 21 February 2013 to incumbent.

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Friedrich Akel

Friedrich Karl Akel (in Kaubi Manor, Kaubi Parish (now in Pornuse village, Halliste Parish) – 3 July 1941 in Tallinn) was an Estonian diplomat and politician, a member of the International Olympic Committee., and Head of State of Estonia in 1924.

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Fucking A

Fucking A is a play written by American playwright Suzan-Lori Parks.

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Fulgencio Yegros

Fulgencio Yegros y Franco de Torres (born 1780 in Quyquyhó, died 1821) was Paraguayan soldier and first head of state of independent Paraguay.

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Full Powers

Full Powers is a term in international law and is the authority of a person to sign a treaty or convention on behalf of a sovereign state.

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Funeral of Pope John Paul II

The funeral of Pope John Paul II was held on 8 April 2005, six days after his death on 2 April.

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Funeral train

A funeral train is a train specially chartered in order to carry a coffin or coffins to a place of interment.

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G visa

A G visa is a category of official visas issued to diplomats, government officials, and international organization employees who are visiting the United States temporarily for a governmental purpose.

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G20

The G20 (or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union.

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Gabriel Narutowicz

Gabriel Narutowicz (17 March 1865 – 16 December 1922) was a Polish professor of hydroelectric engineering and politician who served as the 1st President of Poland from 11 December 1922 until his assassination on 16 December, five days after assuming office.

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Galeb (yacht)

Yugoslav Navy (JRM) training ship Galeb, also known as The Peace Ship Galeb (Brod Mira Galeb), was used as an official yacht by the late President of the Yugoslav Republic, Marshal Josip Broz Tito.

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General (Switzerland)

The General (Der General, le général, il generale, il general) is an office and rank in the armed forces of Switzerland.

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General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador

The General Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador (known as the General Assembly of Newfoundland until 6 December 2001) is the legislature of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

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General Assembly of Prince Edward Island

The General Assembly of Prince Edward Island is the legislature of the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada.

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Generalissimo

Generalissimo is a military rank of the highest degree, superior to field marshal and other five-star ranks in the countries where they are used.

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George H. V. Bulyea

George Hedley Vicars Bulyea (February 17, 1859 – July 22, 1928) was a Canadian politician and the first Lieutenant Governor of Alberta.

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Georgetown University

Georgetown University is a private research university in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States.

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Georgi Damyanov

Georgi Purvanov Damyanov (Георги Първанов Дамянов; September 23, 1892 – November 27, 1958) was a Bulgarian communist politician.

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Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum

The Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum is the presidential museum and resting place of Gerald Ford, the 38th President of the United States (1974–1977), and his wife Betty Ford, located near the Pew Campus of Grand Valley State University in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

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Gerhard Louis De Geer

Baron Gerhard Louis De Geer of Finspång (usually known as Louis De Geer; 27 November 185425 February 1935) was a Swedish politician, who served in the first chamber of the Riksdag 1901-14, was governor of Kristianstad County 1905-23, and Prime Minister of Sweden for 121 days in 1920-1921.

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German Emperor

The German Emperor (Deutscher Kaiser) was the official title of the head of state and hereditary ruler of the German Empire.

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German presidential election, 1919

The presidential election (Reichspräsidentenwahl) of 1919 was the first election to the office of President of the Reich (Reichspräsident), Germany's head of state during the 1919-1933 Weimar Republic.

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German presidential election, 1925

Presidential elections were held in Germany on 29 March 1925, with a second round run-off on 26 April.

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German presidential election, 1932

The 1932 German presidential elections were held on 13 March (first round) and 10 April (second round run-off).

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German referendum, 1934

A referendum on merging the posts of Chancellor and President was held in Germany on 19 August 1934,D. Nohlen and P. Stöver (2010), Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook, p. 762,.

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German Samoa

German Samoa (Deutsch-Samoa) was a German protectorate from 1900 to 1914, consisting of the islands of Upolu, Savai'i, Apolima and Manono, now wholly within the independent state Samoa, formerly Western Samoa.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Getúlio Vargas

Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician, who served as President during two periods: the first was from 1930–1945, when he served as interim president from 1930–1934, constitutional president from 1934–1937, and dictator from 1937–1945.

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Ghana

Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a unitary presidential constitutional democracy, located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa.

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Ghana Environmental Protection Agency

The Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA Ghana) is an agency of Ministry of Environment, Science Technology and Innovation, established by EPA Act 490 (1994).

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Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer

Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawar (غازي مشعل عجيل الياور, born 1958) is an Iraqi politician.

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Giorgio Carbone

Giorgio Carbone (14 June 1936 – 25 November 2009) was an Italian who claimed to be head of state of the Principality of Seborga, a micronation whose extent is the Italian town of that name, but whose independent status is not yet recognised outside of Seborga.

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Girija Prasad Koirala

Girija Prasad Koirala (गिरीजाप्रसाद कोइराला; 4 July 1924 – 20 March 2010), commonly known as G.P. Koirala, was a Nepalese politician.

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Giselle Khoury

Gisele Khoury (جيزال خوري) is a journalist and talk show host on BBC Arabic.

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Global Community

The Global Community (GC) is the fictional world government/state described in the ''Left Behind'' series by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins.

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Global Foundation for Democracy and Development

Global Foundation for Democracy and Development (GFDD) is a non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to promoting collaboration between organizations in the United States and the Dominican Republic.

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Gnassingbé Eyadéma

Gnassingbé Eyadéma (born Étienne Eyadéma, December 26, 1935 – February 5, 2005) was the President of Togo from 1967 until his death in 2005.

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Gold Stick and Silver Stick

The Gold Stick and the Silver Stick are bodyguard positions in the British Royal Household, personal attendants to the Sovereign on ceremonial occasions.

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Goodwill ambassador

A goodwill ambassador is a person who advocates for a specific cause (e.g. a country or an organisation) on the basis of their notability.

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Gordon Ackerman

Gordon Ackerman is an American journalist, writer, author and photographer.

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Gossler family

The Gossler family (also spelled Goßler, historically also Gosler), including the Berenberg-Gossler branch, is a Hanseatic and partially noble banking family from Hamburg.

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Goukouni Oueddei

Goukouni Oueddei (كوكوني عويدي; born 1944 in Zouar) is a Chadian political figure.

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Governance of Kosovo

The Governance of Kosovo operates in the context of the disputed territory of Kosovo.

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Government House, Anguilla

Government House is the official residence of the Governor of Anguilla, located in Old Ta in Anguilla.

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Government House, Bermuda

Government House is the official residence of the Governor of Bermuda.

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Government House, Cayman Islands

Government House is the official residence of the Governor of the Cayman Islands, located in Seven Mile Beach in Grand Cayman.

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Government House, Montserrat

Government House is the official residence of the Governor of Montserrat, located in Woodlands in Montserrat.

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Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth

The Government House is the name given to some of the residences of Governors-General, Governors and Lieutenant-Governors in the Commonwealth and the British Empire.

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Government of Argentina

The government of Argentina, within the framework of a federal system, is a presidential representative democratic republic.

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Government of Australia

The Government of the Commonwealth of Australia (also referred to as the Australian Government, the Commonwealth Government, or the Federal Government) is the government of the Commonwealth of Australia, a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy.

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Government of Bangladesh

The Government of Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ সরকার Bangladesh Sôrkar GOB) has three branches; the Executive branch, the Legislative branch and the Judicial branch.

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Government of Barbados

The Government of Barbados (GoB), is headed by the monarch, Queen Elizabeth II as Head of State.

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Government of China

The central government of the People's Republic of China is divided among several state organs.

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Government of Gibraltar

Her Majesty's Government of Gibraltar is the democratically elected government of the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar.

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Government of Gilgit-Baltistan

The Government of Gilgit-Baltistan (حکومتِ گلگت بلتستان.) is the government of the autonmous territory of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.

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Government of Guam

The Government of Guam (GovGuam) is a presidential representative democratic system, whereby the President is the head of state and the Governor is head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Government of Haiti

The government of Haiti is a semi-presidential republic, a multiparty system wherein the President of Haiti is head of state elected directly by popular elections.

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Government of India

The Government of India (IAST), often abbreviated as GoI, is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic.

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Government of Indonesia

The term Government of Indonesia (Indonesian: Pemerintah Indonesia) can have a number of different meanings.

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Government of Japan

The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy in which the power of the Emperor is limited and is relegated primarily to ceremonial duties.

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Government of Kansas

The government of the U.S. state of Kansas, established by the Kansas Constitution, is a republican democracy modeled after the Federal Government of the United States.

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Government of Kazakhstan

The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Қазақстан Республикасының Үкіметі, Qazaqstan Respýblıkasynyń Úkimeti; Правительство Республики Казахстан, Pravitelstvo Respubliki Kazakhstan) oversees a presidential republic.

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Government of Kenya

The Government of the Republic of Kenya (GoK) is the national government of the republic of Kenya which is composed of 47 Counties, each county with its own semi-autonomous governments.

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Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

The Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (د خیبر پښتونخوا حکومت, حکومتِ خیبرپختونخوا) is the provincial government of the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

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Government of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)

The earliest government of Macedonia was established by the Argead dynasty of Macedonian kings some time during the period of Archaic Greece (8th–5th centuries BC).

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Government of Muskogee

The City of Muskogee is governed by a city manager, mayor and a city council under the council-manager form of local government.

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Government of Nepal

The Government of Nepal (नेपाल सरकार), or Nepal Government, is the executive body and the central government of Nepal.

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Government of New Zealand

The Government of New Zealand (Te Kāwanatanga o Aotearoa), or New Zealand Government (ceremonially referred to as Her Majesty's Government in New Zealand on the Seal of New Zealand), is the administrative complex through which authority is exercised in New Zealand.

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Government of Niger

The government of Niger is the apparatus through which authority functions and is exercised: the governing apparatus of Nigerien state.

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Government of Oklahoma

The government of the U.S. State of Oklahoma, established by the Oklahoma Constitution, is a republican democracy modeled after the federal government of the United States.

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Government of Pakistan

The Government of Pakistan (حکومتِ پاکستان) is a federal government established by the Constitution of Pakistan as a constituted governing authority of the four provinces of a proclaimed and established parliamentary democratic republic, constitutionally called the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

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Government of Puerto Rico

The Government of Puerto Rico is a republican form of government with separation of powers, subject to the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United States.

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Government of Rivers State

The Government of Rivers State consists of elected representatives and appointed officials responsible for the government of Rivers State, Nigeria.

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Government of Sierra Leone

The government of Sierra Leone is the governing authority of the Republic of Sierra Leone, as established by the Sierra Leone Constitution.

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Government of Sindh

The Government of Sindh (سنڌ سرڪار) is the provincial government of the province of Sindh, Pakistan.

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Government of South Africa

The Republic of South Africa is a parliamentary republic with three-tier system of government and an independent judiciary, operating in a parliamentary system.

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Government of South Korea

The Executive and Legislative branches operate primarily at the national level, although various ministries in the executive branch also carry out local functions.

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Government of South Ossetia

The Government of the Republic of South Ossetia is the political leadership of the only partially recognized, but de facto independent, Republic of South Ossetia.

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Government of Sweden

The Government of the Kingdom of Sweden (Konungariket Sveriges regering) is the national cabinet and the supreme executive authority in Sweden.

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Government of Thailand

The Government of Thailand, or formally the Royal Thai Government (RTG) (รัฐบาลไทย), is the unitary government of the Kingdom of Thailand.

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Government of the 2nd Dáil

The Second Dáil was elected at the 1921 Irish elections on 24 May 1921 and lasted 388 days.

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Government of the British Virgin Islands

Her Majesty's Government of the Virgin Islands (usually simply referred to as the Government of the British Virgin Islands) is the democratically elected government of the British Overseas Territory of the British Virgin Islands.

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Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the second institution in the central executive branch of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the first institution being the President, who has the title of head of state.

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Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran

The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Neẓām-e jomhūrī-e eslāmi-e Irān, known simply as Neẓām (lit) among its supporters, and "the regime" among its dissidents) is the ruling state and current political system in Iran, in power since the revolution and fall of Pahlavi dynasty in 1979.

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Government of the Marshall Islands

The government of the Marshall Islands operates under a mixed parliamentary-presidential system as set forth in its Constitution.

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Government of the Philippines

The Government of the Philippines (Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas) is the national government of the Philippines.

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Government of the Republic of China

The Government of the Republic of China was formally established in 1912 in Nanking, with Sun Yat-sen as President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China under the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China.

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Government of Transnistria

The Government of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic is the political leadership of the unrecognized, but de facto independent, Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, better known in English as Transnistria.

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Government of Venezuela

Venezuela is a federal presidential republic.

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Government trifecta

A government trifecta is a type of government in which the same political party controls both the executive and legislative branch.

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Governor

A governor is, in most cases, a public official with the power to govern the executive branch of a non-sovereign or sub-national level of government, ranking under the head of state.

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Governor (United States)

In the United States, a governor serves as the chief executive officer and commander-in-chief in each of the fifty states and in the five permanently inhabited territories, functioning as both head of state and head of government therein.

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Governor of Bermuda

The Governor of Bermuda is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Bermuda.

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Governor of Gibraltar

The Governor of Gibraltar is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar.

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Governor of Gilgit-Baltistan

The Governor of Gilgit-Baltistan is the appointed Head of State of the provincial government in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.

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Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

The Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is the appointed Head of State of the provincial government in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

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Governor of Maryland

The Governor of Maryland heads the executive branch of the government of the State of Maryland, and is the commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard units.

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Governor of Massachusetts

The Governor of Massachusetts is the head of the executive branch of the Government of Massachusetts and serves as commander-in-chief of the Commonwealth's military forces.

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Governor of Michigan

The Governor of Michigan is the chief executive of the U.S. state of Michigan.

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Governor of New Hampshire

The Governor of New Hampshire is the head of the executive branch of New Hampshire's state government.

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Governor of New Jersey

The Governor of the State of New Jersey is head of the executive branch of New Jersey's state government.

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Governor of North Carolina

The Governor of North Carolina is the head of the executive branch of the U.S. state of North Carolina's state government and serves as commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.

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Governor of Oklahoma

The governor of the State of Oklahoma is the head of state for the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

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Governor of Punjab, Pakistan

The Governor of Punjab is the appointed head of state of the provincial government in Punjab, Pakistan.

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Governor of Saint Helena

The Governor of Saint Helena is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

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Governor of South Carolina

The Governor of the State of South Carolina is the head of state for the state of South Carolina.

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Governor of the Cayman Islands

The Governor of the Cayman Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of the Cayman Islands.

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Governor of the Falkland Islands

The Governor of the Falkland Islands is the representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands, acting "in Her Majesty's name and on Her Majesty's behalf" as the islands' de facto head of state in the absence of the British monarch.

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Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands

The Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Turks and Caicos Islands.

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Governor of the Virgin Islands

The Governor of the Virgin Islands is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of the British Virgin Islands.

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Governor-general

Governor-general (plural governors-general) or governor general (plural governors general), in modern usage, is the title of an office-holder appointed to represent the monarch of a sovereign state in the governing of an independent realm.

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Governor-General of Jamaica

The Governor-General of Jamaica represents the Jamaican monarch and head of state, currently Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.

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Governor-General of New Zealand

The Governor-General of New Zealand (Te Kāwana Tianara o Aotearoa) is the viceregal representative of the monarch of New Zealand, currently Queen Elizabeth II.

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Governor-General of Papua New Guinea

The Governor-General of Papua New Guinea is the viceregal representative of Queen Elizabeth II, known in Tok Pisin as 'Missis Kwin', Papua New Guinea's head of state, performing the duties of the Queen in her absence.

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Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

The office of Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines was created in 1979 when the islands gained independence as a Commonwealth realm.

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Governor-General of Tuvalu

The Governor-General of Tuvalu is the representative of the Tuvaluan monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II) and performs the duties of the Queen in her absence.

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Gozen Kaigi

(literally, a conference before) was an extraconstitutional conference on foreign matters of grave national importance that was convened by the government of the Empire of Japan in the presence of the Emperor.

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Grace and favour

A grace-and-favour home is a residential property owned by a monarch by virtue of his or her position as head of state and leased, often rent-free, to persons as part of an employment package or in gratitude for past services rendered.

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Grand Cross

Grand Cross is the highest class in many orders, and manifested in its insignia.

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Grand Ducal Palace, Luxembourg

The Grand Ducal Palace (Groussherzogleche Palais, Palais grand-ducal, Großherzogliches Palais) is a palace in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg.

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Grand duchy

A grand duchy is a country or territory whose official head of state or ruler is a monarch bearing the title of grand duke or grand duchess.

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Grand Master (order)

Grand Master (Magister generalis; Großmeister) is a title of the supreme head of various orders, including chivalric orders such as military orders and dynastic orders of knighthood.

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Grand Palace

The Grand Palace (พระบรมมหาราชวัง) is a complex of buildings at the heart of Bangkok, Thailand.

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Great house

A great house is a large house or mansion with luxurious appointments and great retinues of indoor and outdoor staff.

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Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

The was an imperial concept created and promulgated for occupied Asian populations during 1930–1945 by the Empire of Japan.

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Greece

No description.

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Green party

A Green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as social justice, environmentalism and nonviolence.

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Green politics

Green politics (also known as ecopolitics) is a political ideology that aims to create an ecologically sustainable society rooted in environmentalism, nonviolence, social justice and grassroots democracy.

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Greenland

Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat,; Grønland) is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.

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Grenada

Grenada is a sovereign state in the southeastern Caribbean Sea consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines island chain.

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Growth of Pedro II of Brazil

In the life of Pedro II of Brazil, growth in both his personal and public roles took place in the decade beginning in 1853.

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GRUNK

The GRUNK, a French acronym for Royal Government of the National Union of Kampuchea (Gouvernement royal d'union nationale du Kampuchéa, រាជរដ្ឋាភិបាលរួបរួមជាតិកម្ពុជា), was a government-in-exile of Cambodia, based in Beijing, that was in existence between 1970 and 1976.

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Gualberto Villarroel

Gualberto Villarroel López (December 15, 1908 – July 21, 1946) was the head of state of Bolivia from December 20, 1943 to July 21, 1946.

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Guardian Council

The Guardian Council of the Constitution (شورای نگهبان قانون اساسی, Shūra-ye negahbān-e qānūn-e āsāsī) is an appointed and constitutionally mandated 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Guardian of Scotland

The Guardians of Scotland were the de facto heads of state of Scotland during the First Interregnum of 1290–1292, and the Second Interregnum of 1296–1306.

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Guardsman

Guardsman is a rank used instead of private in some military units that serve as the official bodyguard of a sovereign or head of state.

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Guatemala

Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala (República de Guatemala), is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, Honduras to the east and El Salvador to the southeast.

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Guinea

Guinea, officially the Republic of Guinea (République de Guinée), is a country on the western coast of Africa.

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Guyana

Guyana (pronounced or), officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a sovereign state on the northern mainland of South America.

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Haile Selassie

Haile Selassie I (ቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሴ, qädamawi haylä səllasé,;, born Ras Tafari Makonnen, was Ethiopia's regent from 1916 to 1930 and emperor from 1930 to 1974.

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Hakka people

The Hakkas, sometimes Hakka Han, are Han Chinese people whose ancestral homes are chiefly in the Hakka-speaking provincial areas of Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Zhejiang, Hainan and Guizhou.

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Half-mast

Half-mast or half-staff refers to a flag flying below the summit on a pole.

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Hallstein Commission

Term: 1958–1962 Party: CD --> The Hallstein Commission is the European Commission that held office from 7 January 1958 to 30 June 1967.

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Hamada Madi

Hamada Madi, widely known as "Boléro", is a Comorian politician, former Prime Minister and interim President.

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Hans Kelsen

Hans Kelsen (October 11, 1881 – April 19, 1973) was an Austrian jurist, legal philosopher and political philosopher.

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Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein

Hans-Adam II (Johannes Adam Ferdinand Alois Josef Maria Marco d'Aviano Pius; born 14 February 1945) is the reigning Prince of Liechtenstein.

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Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences

The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS) is the largest of the twelve graduate schools of Harvard University.

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Hassan Sheikh Mohamud

Hassan Sheikh Mohamud (Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud, حسن شيخ محمود; born 29 November 1955) is a Somali politician.

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Hassanal Bolkiah

Hassanal Bolkiah, GCB GCMG (full name: Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah ibn Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam; born 15 July 1946) is the 29th and current Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei.

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Hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy

The Hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy or HIA Percy (meaning "Percy Training Hospital of the Armies") is a military hospital in Clamart, near Paris, France.

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Head (disambiguation)

The head is the part of an animal that usually includes the brain, eyes, ears, nose, and mouth.

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Head of government

A head of government (or chief of government) is a generic term used for either the highest or second highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, (commonly referred to as countries, nations or nation-states) who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments.

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Head of Government of Tunisia

This page lists the holders of the office of Head of Government of Tunisia (chef du gouvernement tunisien).

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Head of state (disambiguation)

The term Head of State may refer to.

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Head of State (film)

Head of State is a 2003 American comedy film directed, written by, and starring Chris Rock and co-starring Bernie Mac.

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Head of state succession

Head of state succession is the process by which nations transfer leadership of their highest office from one person to another.

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Head of the Royal Thai Armed Forces

The Head of the Thai Armed Forces (จอมทัพไทย) is a position vested in the Thai monarch, who as sovereign and head of state is the commander-in-chief of the Royal Thai Armed Forces.

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Heads of state and government of the Philippines

Listed here are the heads of state and government of the Philippines, from the Spanish occupation up to the current Republic.

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Hearts of Iron II

Hearts of Iron II is a grand strategy computer war game for the PC based upon its predecessor, Hearts of Iron, which was developed by Paradox Development Studio and published by Paradox Interactive.

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Heidelberg University

Heidelberg University (Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Universitas Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis) is a public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Helen of Bosnia

Helen (Jelena/Јелена; 1345- after 18 March 1399), also known by the name Gruba (Груба), ruled the Kingdom of Bosnia from September 1395 until late April or early May 1398.

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Hendrik Potgieter

Andries Hendrik Potgieter, known as Hendrik Potgieter (19 December 1792 – 16 December 1852) was a Voortrekker leader and the last known Champion of the Potgieter family.

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Hereditary monarchy

A hereditary monarchy is a form of government and succession of power in which the throne passes from one member of a royal family to another member of the same family.

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Hereditary officers of the Roman Curia

The Roman Court or Papal Curia was reformed by the Bull Pontificalis Domus of 1969.

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Hereke

Hereke is a town in Kocaeli province, Turkey, located to the north of the Gulf of İzmit, near Istanbul.

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Herman Van Rompuy

Herman Achille, Count Van Rompuy (Herman Achille, Graaf Van Rompuy,; born 31 October 1947) is a Belgian politician, who formerly served as Prime Minister of Belgium and then as the first President of the European Council.

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Hermann Gossler

Hermann Gossler (born 21 August 1802 in Hamburg, died 10 May 1877 in Hamburg) was a Hamburg lawyer, senator (1842–77) and First Mayor and President of the Senate of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (i.e. the city republic's head of state and head of government) in 1874.

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Hermann Roesler

Carl Friedrich Hermann Roesler (18 December 1834 – 2 December 1894) was a German legal scholar, economist, and foreign advisor to the Meiji period Empire of Japan.

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Herrenchiemsee convention

The Constitutional Convention at Herrenchiemsee (Verfassungskonvent auf Herrenchiemsee) was a meeting of constitutional experts nominated by the minister-presidents of the Western States of Germany, held in August 1948 at former Herrenchiemsee Abbey in Bavaria.

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Hesse

Hesse or Hessia (Hessen, Hessian dialect: Hesse), officially the State of Hesse (German: Land Hessen) is a federal state (''Land'') of the Federal Republic of Germany, with just over six million inhabitants.

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Hetman of Ukraine

Hetman of Ukraine (Гетьман України) is a former historic government office and political institution of Ukraine that is equivalent to a head of state.

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Hetman of Zaporizhian Host

Hetman of Zaporizhian Host (Гетьман Війська Запорозького, Гетман Войска Запорожского, Hetman wojsk kozackich) is a former historic government office and political institution of Cossack Hetmanate (Zaporizhian Host) in Ukraine that was equivalent to a head of state.

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Hierarchical organization

A hierarchical organization is an organizational structure where every entity in the organization, except one, is subordinate to a single other entity.

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High commissioner (Commonwealth)

In the Commonwealth of Nations, a high commissioner is the senior diplomat (generally ranking as an ambassador) in charge of the diplomatic mission of one Commonwealth government to another.

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High Commissioners of New Zealand to Malaysia

The High Commissioner from New Zealand to Malaysia is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in the Malaysia, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in Malaysia.

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High National Council

The High National Council was the collective head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1945 until 1946.

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Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh (literally "snow-laden province") is a Indian state located in North India.

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Hirohito

was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from 25 December 1926, until his death on 7 January 1989.

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History of Afghanistan

The history of Afghanistan, (تاریخ افغانستان, د افغانستان تاريخ) began in 1747 with its establishment by Ahmad Shah Durrani.

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History of Algeria

Much of the history of Algeria has taken place on the fertile coastal plain of North Africa, which is often called the Maghreb (or Maghrib).

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History of Algeria (1962–99)

The History of Algeria from 1962 to 1999 includes the period starting with preparations for independence and the aftermath of the independence war with France in the 1960s to the Civil War and the 1999 presidential election.

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History of Barbados

Barbados was inhabited by Arawaks and Caribs at the time of European colonization of the Americas in the 16th century.

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History of Buganda

The history of Buganda is that of the kingdom of the Baganda people, the largest of the traditional kingdoms in present-day Uganda.

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History of Burundi

Burundi is one of the few countries in Africa, along with its closely linked neighbour Rwanda among others (such as Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland), to be a direct territorial continuation of a pre-colonial era African state.

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History of Canada

The history of Canada covers the period from the arrival of Paleo-Indians thousands of years ago to the present day.

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History of Denmark

The history of Denmark as a unified kingdom began in the 8th century, but historic documents describe the geographic area and the people living there—the Danes—as early as 500 AD.

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History of Egypt

The history of Egypt has been long and rich, due to the flow of the Nile River with its fertile banks and delta, as well as the accomplishments of Egypt's native inhabitants and outside influence.

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History of Guernsey

The history of Guernsey stretches back to evidence of prehistoric habitation and settlement and encompasses the development of its modern society.

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History of independent Moldova

The History of independent Moldova started after the independence of Moldova.

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History of Jamaica

The Caribbean island of Jamaica was colonized by the Taino tribes prior to the arrival of Columbus in 1503.

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History of Lisbon

The history of Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal, revolves around its strategic geographical position at the mouth of the Tagus, the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula.

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History of Malta

Malta has a long history and was first inhabited in around 5900 BC.

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History of Mauritius

The known history of Mauritius begins with its discovery by Arabs, followed by Europeans and its appearance on maps in the early 16th century.

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History of monarchy in Canada

The history of monarchy in Canada stretches from pre-colonial times through to the present day.

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History of Pakistan

The history of Pakistan encompasses the history of the region constituting modern-day Pakistan.

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History of Seville

Seville has been one of the most important cities in Spain since ancient times; the first settlers of the site have been identified with the Tartessian culture.

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History of Singapore

The written history of Singapore may date back to the third century.

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History of Spain (1810–73)

Spain in the 19th century was a country in turmoil.

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History of Strasbourg

The following is a history of Strasbourg, France.

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History of the British Isles

The history of the British Isles has witnessed intermittent periods of competition and cooperation between the people that occupy the various parts of Great Britain, the Isle of Man, Ireland, the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the Bailiwick of Jersey and the smaller adjacent islands, which together make up the British Isles.

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History of the Comoros (1978–89)

The Comoros is an island nation in the Indian Ocean, located off the eastern coast of Africa.

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History of the Constitution of Chile

The history of the Constitution of Chile dates from 1811.

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History of the Gambia

The first written records of the region come from Arab traders in the 9th and 10th centuries.

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History of the Islamic Republic of Iran

One of the most dramatic changes in government in Iran's history was seen with the 1979 Iranian Revolution where Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown and replaced by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

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History of the People's Republic of China (1976–89)

In September 1976, after Mao Zedong's death, the People's Republic of China was left with no central authority figure, either symbolically or administratively.

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History of the Soviet Union (1982–91)

The history of the Soviet Union from 1982 through 1991 spans the period from Leonid Brezhnev's death and funeral until the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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History of the Ukrainian minority in Poland

The history of the Ukrainian minority in Poland dates back to the Late Middle Ages, preceding the 14th century Galicia–Volhynia Wars between Casimir III the Great of Poland, and Liubartas of Lithuania.

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History of Trinidad and Tobago

The history of Trinidad and Tobago begins with the settlements of the islands by Amerindians, specifically the Island Carib and Arawak peoples.

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Hitler family

The Hitler family comprises the relatives and ancestors of Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945), an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, abbreviated NSDAP), commonly known as the Nazi Party.

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Hokkien honorifics

The Hokkien language uses a broad array of honorific suffixes or prefixes for addressing or referring to people.

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Holy See–United States relations

United States–Holy See relations are bilateral relations between the United States and the Holy See.

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Honduras

Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras (República de Honduras), is a republic in Central America.

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Honolulu Courthouse riot

The Honolulu Courthouse riot, or the Election riot, occurred in February 1874 when Hawaiian followers of Queen Emma, known as Emmaites, attacked supporters of King Kalakaua on the latter's election day and started a riot.

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Honors music

The honors music for a person, office or rank is music played on formal or ceremonial occasions in the presence of the person, office-holder, or rank-holder, especially by a military band.

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HOS

HOS may refer to.

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Hotel Bellevue Palace

The Bellevue Palace is a five-star luxury hotel located in the Old City of Bern, Switzerland.

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House of Al Sabah

The House of Al Sabah (آل صباح Āl Ṣubāḥ) is the ruling family of Kuwait.

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House of Bolkiah

The House of Bolkiah is the ruling royal family of Brunei Darussalam.

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House of Saud

The House of Saud (Āl Suʻūd) is the ruling royal family of Saudi Arabia.

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House of Tudor

The House of Tudor was an English royal house of Welsh origin, descended in the male line from the Tudors of Penmynydd.

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Household Cavalry

The Household Cavalry (HCav) is made up of the two most senior regiments of the British Army, the Life Guards and the Blues and Royals (Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons).

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Household Division

Household Division is a term used principally in the Commonwealth of Nations to describe a country’s most elite or historically senior military units, or those military units that provide ceremonial or protective functions associated directly with the head of state.

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Huanggutun incident

The Huanggutun Incident, or, was an assassination plotted and committed on June 4, 1928, by the Japanese Kwantung Army that targeted Fengtian warlord Zhang Zuolin.

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Hungary

Hungary (Magyarország) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west.

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Hyde Park Barracks, London

The Hyde Park Barracks are located in Knightsbridge in central London, on the southern edge of Hyde Park.

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I. I. Chundrigar

Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar(Urdu: ابراہیم اسماعیل چندریگر; September 15 1897–26 September 1960), best known as I. I. Chundrigar, was the sixth Prime Minister of Pakistan, appointed in this capacity on 17 October 1957 until being removed due to the vote of noconfidence movement on 11 December 1957.

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Ian Davidson (British politician)

Ian Graham Davidson (born 8 September 1950) is a Scottish Labour Co-operative politician, who was a Member of Parliament for successive Glasgow seats from 1992 until 2015; from 2005 to 2015 he represented Glasgow South West.

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Ibrahim Prize

The Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership is an annual prize awarded to a former African executive Head of State or Government.

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Icelandic presidential election, 2012

Presidential elections were held in Iceland on 30 June 2012.

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Idi Amin

Idi Amin Dada (2816 August 2003) was a Ugandan politician and military officer.

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Igor Korchilov

Igor Korchilov is a top-level Russian-English conference interpreter who worked with Mikhail Gorbachev from 1987 to 1990, a period that covered the Cold War era.

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Immunity from prosecution (international law)

Immunity from prosecution is a doctrine of international law that allows an accused to avoid prosecution for criminal offences.

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Impeachment

Impeachment is the process by which a legislative body formally levels charges against a high official of government.

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Imperator

The Latin word imperator derives from the stem of the verb imperare, meaning ‘to order, to command’.

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Imperial General Headquarters

The was part of the Supreme War Council and was established in 1893 to coordinate efforts between the Imperial Japanese Army and Imperial Japanese Navy during wartime.

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Imperium of Man (Warhammer 40,000)

The Imperium of Man or Imperium of Mankind is a galactic empire in the fictional universe of Warhammer 40,000.

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Imran Khan

Imran Ahmad Khan Niazi PP, HI (born 5 October 1952) is the Chairman of Pakistan Movement of Justice and the candidate for the Prime Minister of Pakistan in the upcoming Pakistani general election, 2018.

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In Plenty and In Time of Need

"In Plenty and In Time of Need" is the national anthem of the country of Barbados.

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Inca plan

The Inca plan was a proposal formulated in 1816 by Manuel Belgrano to the Congress of Tucumán, aiming to crown an Inca.

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Independence of Jamaica

The Colony of Jamaica gained independence from the United Kingdom on 6 August 1962.

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Independence of New Zealand

The independence of New Zealand is a matter of continued academic and social debate.

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Independent State of Croatia

The Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH; Unabhängiger Staat Kroatien; Stato Indipendente di Croazia) was a World War II fascist puppet state of Germany and Italy.

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Independent State of Rainbow Creek

No description.

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Index of Andorra-related articles

Listed below are articles about or related to Andorra, arranged alphabetically.

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Index of politics articles

This is a list of political topics, including political science terms, political philosophies, political issues, etc.

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Indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet

General Augusto Pinochet was indicted for human rights violations committed in his native Chile by Spanish magistrate Baltasar Garzón on 10 October 1998.

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Indirect election

An indirect election is an election in which voters do not choose between candidates for an office, but elect people who then choose.

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Indo-Pak Confederation proposals

An Indo-Pak Confederation is a concept advocating a political confederation of the sovereign states of Pakistan and India as means of ending bilateral conflicts and promoting common interests in defence, foreign affairs, culture and economic development.

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Indonesia

Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.

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Ingemund Bengtsson

Sten Bertil Ingemund Bengtsson (30 January 1919 – 12 April 2000) was a Swedish Social democratic politician, and Speaker of the Riksdag from 1979 to 1988.

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Installation of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong

The Installation of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is a ceremony that formally marks the beginning of the reign of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong as the Malaysian head of state.

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Institutions of the European Union

The institutions of the European Union are the seven principal decision making bodies of the European Union (EU).

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Insubordination

Insubordination is the act of willfully disobeying an order of one's superior.

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Inter-American Democratic Charter

The Inter-American Democratic Charter was adopted on 11 September 2001 by a special session of the General Assembly of the Organization of American States, held in Lima, Peru.

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Internal conflict in Myanmar

The internal conflict in Myanmar refers to a series of primarily ethnic conflicts within Myanmar that began shortly after the country, then known as Burma, became independent from the United Kingdom in 1948.

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International airport

An international airport is an airport that offers customs and immigration facilities for passengers travelling between countries.

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International Criminal Court investigations

So far, the International Criminal Court The Court's Pre-Trial Chambers As of September 2010, the Office of the Prosecutor had received 8,874 communications about alleged crimes.

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International reactions to the Syrian Civil War

International reactions to the Syrian Civil War ranged from support for the government to calls for the government to dissolve.

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International response to the War in Darfur

While there is a consensus in the international community that ethnic groups have been targeted in Darfur and that crimes against humanity have therefore occurred, there has been debate in some quarters about whether genocide has taken place there.

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Iraqi Interim Government

The Iraqi Interim Government was created by the United States and its coalition allies as a caretaker government to govern Iraq until the drafting of the new constitution following the National Assembly election conducted on January 30, 2005.

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Ireland–United Kingdom relations

Ireland–United Kingdom relations, also referred to as Irish–British relations, or Anglo-Irish relations, are the relations between the states of Ireland and the United Kingdom.

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Irish Civil War

The Irish Civil War (Cogadh Cathartha na hÉireann; 28 June 1922 – 24 May 1923) was a conflict that followed the Irish War of Independence and accompanied the establishment of the Irish Free State, an entity independent from the United Kingdom but within the British Empire.

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Irish head of state from 1936 to 1949

During the period from December 1936 to April 1949, some commentators consider that it was unclear whether or not the Irish state was a republic or a form of constitutional monarchy and (from 1937) whether its head of state was the President of Ireland or King George VI.

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Irish presidential election

The Irish presidential election determines who serves as the President of Ireland; the head of state of Ireland.

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Irish Republic

The Irish Republic (Poblacht na hÉireann or Saorstát Éireann) was a revolutionary state that declared its independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in January 1919.

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Isaias Afwerki

Isaias Afwerki (ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ; born 2 February 1946) is the President of Eritrea, a position he has held since its independence in 1993.

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Iskander Mirza

Sahibzada Iskander Ali Mirza (اسکندر مرزا, ইস্কান্দার মির্জা); 13 November 1899 – 13 November 1969),, was the first President of Pakistan, elected in this capacity in 1956 until being dismissed by his appointed army commander General Ayub Khan in 1958. Mirza was educated at the University of Mumbai before attending the military academy in Sandhurst in the United Kingdom. After a brief military service in the British Indian Army, he joined the Indian Political Service and spent the majority of his career as a political agent in the Western region of the British India until elevated as joint secretary at the Ministry of Defence in 1946. After the independence of Pakistan as result of the Partition of India, Mirza was appointed as first Defence Secretary by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan, only to oversee the military efforts in first war with India in 1947, followed by failed secessionism in Balochistan in 1948. In 1954, he was appointed as Governor of his home province of East Bengal by Prime Minister Mohammad Ali of Bogra to control the law and order sparked as a result of the popular language movement in 1952, but later elevated as Interior Minister in Bogra administration in 1955. Playing a crucial role in ousting of Governor-General Sir Malik Ghulam, Mirza assumed his position in 1955 and was elected as the first President of Pakistan when the first set of Constitution was promulgated in 1956. His presidency, however, marked with political instability which saw his unconstitutional interferences in the civilian administration that led to the dismissal of four prime ministers in a mere two years. Facing challenges in getting the political endorsements and reelection for the presidency, Mirza surprisingly suspended the writ of the Constitution by having imposed martial law against his own party's administration governed by Prime Minister Feroze Khan on 8 October 1958, enforcing it through his army commander General Ayub Khan who dismissed him when the situation between them escalated, also in 1958. Mirza lived in the United Kingdom for the remainder of his life and was buried in Iran in 1969. His legacy and image is viewed negatively by some Pakistani historians who believe that Mirza was responsible for political instability in the country.

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Islamic democracy

Islamic democracy is a political ideology that seeks to apply Islamic principles to public policy within a democratic framework.

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Islamic ethics

Islamic ethics (أخلاق إسلامية), defined as "good character," historically took shape gradually from the 7th century and was finally established by the 11th century.

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Isle of Man

The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin), also known simply as Mann (Mannin), is a self-governing British Crown dependency in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.

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Israeli presidential election, 1949

An election to choose the first President of Israel was held in the Knesset on 16 February 1949.

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Israeli system of government

The Israeli system of government is based on parliamentary democracy.

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Issues in anarchism

Anarchism is generally defined as the political philosophy which holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary and harmful, The following sources cite anarchism as a political philosophy: Slevin, Carl.

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Italian institutional referendum, 1946

An institutional referendum (referendum istituzionale, or referendum sulla forma istituzionale dello Stato, in Italian) was held in Italy on 2 June 1946,Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1047 a key event of Italian contemporary history.

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Italian presidential election, 1948

The Italian presidential election of 1948 was held in Italy on 10 – 11 May 1948, following the resignation of outgoing President Enrico De Nicola.

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Italian presidential election, 1955

The Italian presidential election of 1955 was held in Italy on 28 – 29 April 1955.

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Italian presidential election, 1962

The Italian presidential election of 1962 was held in Italy on 2 – 6 May 1962.

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Italian presidential election, 1964

The Italian presidential election of 1964 was held in Italy from 16 – 28 December 1964, following the resignation of incumbent President Antonio Segni on 6 December 1964, because of a thrombosis.

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Italian presidential election, 1971

The Italian presidential election of 1971 was held in Italy on 9 – 24 December 1971.

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Italian presidential election, 1978

The Italian presidential election of 1978 was held in Italy on 29 June – 8 July 1978, following the resignation of incumbent President Giovanni Leone on 15 June 1978, because of the Lockheed bribery scandals.

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Italian presidential election, 1985

The 1985 election of the President of the Italian Republic was held on June 24, 1985.

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Italian presidential election, 1992

The 1992 election of the President of the Italian Republic was held on May 13–25, 1992.

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Italian presidential election, 1999

The 1999 election of the President of the Italian Republic was held on May 13, 1999.

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Italian presidential election, 2006

The indirect election of the President of the Italian Republic was held on May 2–10, 2006.

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Italian presidential election, 2013

Indirect presidential elections were held in Italy between 18 and 20 April 2013.

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Italian presidential election, 2015

The Italian presidential election of 2015 was held in Italy on 29–31 January 2015, following the resignation of incumbent President Giorgio Napolitano on 14 January 2015.

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Italy

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Ivan Ribar

Ivan Ribar (21 January 1881 - 2 February 1968) was a Yugoslav politician and soldier of Croatian descent.

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Jacen Solo

Jacen Solo is a fictional character in the non-canon ''Star Wars'' expanded universe, now known as the Legends continuity.

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Jacinda Ardern

Jacinda Kate Laurell Ardern (born 26 July 1980) is a New Zealand politician who, since 26 October 2017, has served as the 40th Prime Minister of New Zealand.

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Jacob Abraham de Mist

Jacob Abraham Uitenhage de Mist (20 April 1749 – 3 August 1823) was a Dutch statesman.

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Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure

Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure (27 February 17673 March 1855) was a French lawyer and statesman.

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Jamaica

Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea.

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James William Lair

James William Lair (often referred to as Bill Lair) (4 July 1924 – October 28, 2014) was an influential Central Intelligence Agency paramilitary officer from the Special Activities Division.

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James Wilson Robertson

Sir James Wilson Robertson (27 October 1899 – 23 September 1983) was the last British Governor-General of Nigeria.

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Jan Lechoń

Leszek Józef Serafinowicz (pen name: Jan Lechoń; March 13, 1899 in Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire – June 8, 1956 in New York City) was a Polish poet, literary and theater critic, diplomat, and co-founder of the Skamander literary movement and the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America.

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January 1967

The following events occurred in January 1967.

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Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905

The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905, also known as the Eulsa Treaty, Eulsa Unwilling Treaty or Japan–Korea Protectorate Treaty, was made between the Empire of Japan and the Korean Empire in 1905.

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Japanese honorifics

The Japanese language makes use of honorific suffixes when referring to others in a conversation.

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Japanese nationalism

is the nationalism that asserts that the Japanese are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of the Japanese.

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Jatiya Sangsad

The Jatiya Sangsad ("National Parliament"; জাতীয় সংসদ Jatiyô Sôngsôd), often referred to simply as the Sangsad or JS and also known as the House of the Nation, is the supreme legislative body of Bangladesh.

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Jatri Uld Said Uld Yumani

Jatri Uld Said Uld Yumani (Smara, Spanish Sahara, 1921 – † Rabat, Morocco, 21 December 1993) was a Sahrawi politician, professional grazier, procurator of the Cortes Españolas and president of the Djema'a.

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Jauch family

The Jauch family of Germany is a Hanseatic family which can be traced back till the Late Middle Ages.

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Javier Solana

Francisco Javier Solana de Madariaga, KOGF, KCMG (born 14 July 1942), is a Spanish physicist and Socialist politician.

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Jaylen Brown

Jaylen Brown (born October 24, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

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Józef Piłsudski

Józef Klemens Piłsudski (5 December 1867 – 12 May 1935) was a Polish statesman; he was Chief of State (1918–22), "First Marshal of Poland" (from 1920), and de facto leader (1926–35) of the Second Polish Republic as the Minister of Military Affairs.

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Jeffrey Sachs

Jeffrey David Sachs (born November 5, 1954) is an American economist and director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, where he holds the title of University Professor, the highest rank Columbia bestows on its faculty.

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Jeju 4.3 Committee

The National Committee for Investigation of the Truth about the Jeju 4.3 Events (4.3 Committee) was a truth commission in South Korea established in 2000.

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Jerry Parr

Jerry S. Parr (September 16, 1930 – October 9, 2015) was a United States Secret Service agent.

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Jerry Rawlings

Jerry John Rawlings (born 22 June 1947) is a former head of state and president of Ghana.

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Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet

The Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet (commonly called the Jiangxi Soviet) was the largest component territory of the Chinese Soviet Republic, an unrecognized state established in November 1931 by Mao Zedong and Zhu De during the Chinese civil war.

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Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán

Joaquín Archivaldo Guzmán Loera (born on 25 December 1954 or 4 April 1957) is a Mexican drug lord who headed the Sinaloa Cartel, a criminal organization named after the Mexican Pacific coast state of Sinaloa where it was formed.

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João Goulart

João Belchior Marques Goulart (gaúcho, or in the standard Fluminense dialect; March 1, 1918 – December 6, 1976) was a Brazilian politician who served as the 24th President of Brazil until a military coup d'état deposed him on April 1, 1964.

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Johann Ludwig Dammert

Johann Ludwig Dammert (21 March 1788 – 25 January 1855), was First Mayor and President of the Senate (head of state and head of government) of the sovereign city-state of Hamburg in 1843.

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Johann von Berenberg-Gossler

Baron Johann von Berenberg-Gossler (born 13 February 1839 in Hamburg, died 8 December 1913 in Hamburg; né Johann Gossler), known as "John," was a German banker from the city-state of Hamburg and owner and head of Berenberg Bank from 1879 until his death.

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Johannes Käbin

Johannes Käbin (Russian: Иван Густавович Кэбин, 24 September 1905, Kalvi, Estonia – 26 October 1999, Tallinn, Estonia) was an Estonian Soviet politician who led the Estonian Communist Party from 1950 to 1978.

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John Atta Mills

John Evans Fiifi Atta Mills (21 July 1944 – 24 July 2012) was a Ghanaian politician and legal scholar who served as President of Ghana from 2009 to 2012.

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John Duncan (diplomat)

John Stewart Duncan OBE (born 17 April 1958) is a British diplomat.

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Johnny Paul Koroma

Major Johnny Paul Koroma (born 9 May 1960; declared dead 1 June 2003) was the head of state of Sierra Leone from May 1997 to February 1998.

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Joint address (Canada)

A joint address is a special procedure of the Canadian parliament in which members of the House of Commons and Senate sit jointly in the former chamber, which, for the occasion, becomes an auditorium.

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Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA; barnāmeye jāme‘e eqdāme moshtarak, acronym: برجام BARJAM), known commonly as the Iran nuclear deal or Iran deal, is an agreement on the nuclear program of Iran reached in Vienna on 14 July 2015 between Iran, the P5+1 (the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States—plus Germany), and the European Union.

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Joint session of the United States Congress

A joint session of the United States Congress is a gathering of members of the two chambers of the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States: the Senate and the House of Representatives.

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Jomo Kenyatta

Jomo Kenyatta (– 22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978.

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Jordan

Jordan (الْأُرْدُنّ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River.

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José P. Laurel

José P. Laurel, PLH (born José Paciano Laurel y García; March 9, 1891 – November 6, 1959) was a Filipino politician and judge.

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José Ramos-Horta

José Manuel Ramos-Horta (born 26 December 1949) is an East Timorese politician who was the President of East Timor from 20 May 2007 to 20 May 2012.

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Josefa Iloilo

Ratu Josefa Iloilovatu Uluivuda, CF, MBE, MSD, KStJ (29 December 1920 – 6 February 2011) as the 2nd President of Fiji from 2000 until 2009, excluding a brief period from 5 December 2006 until 4 January 2007 (see below).

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Juan Alberto Melgar Castro

Juan Alberto Melgar Castro (20 June 1930 – 2 December 1987) was a general of the Honduran military who served as the head of state of Honduras from 22 April 1975 to 7 August 1978, when he was removed from power by others in the military.

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Juan Ángel Arias

Juan Ángel Arias (1800–1842) served as the acting Supremo Director of Honduras (24 December 1829 – 22 April 1830).

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Juan Carlos Patino-Arango

Juan Carlos Patino-Arango was a Roman Catholic seminarian who is accused of child molestation and indecency.

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Judge

A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a panel of judges.

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Judiciary of Malaysia

Judiciary of Malaysia is largely centralised despite Malaysia's federal constitution, heavily influenced by the English common law and to a lesser extent Islamic law.

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Judy Woodruff

Judy Carline Woodruff (born November 20, 1946) is an American broadcast journalist, who has worked in network, cable, and public television news since 1976.

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Julius Maada Bio

Julius Maada Wonie Bio (born May 12, 1964) is a Sierra Leonean politician, and the 5th and current president of Sierra Leone since April 4, 2018.

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July 1

It is the first day of the second half of the year.

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June 1946

The following events occurred in June 1946.

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JW Komandosów

The Jednostka Wojskowa Komandosów, commonly called JWK and formerly known as 1 Pułk Specjalny Komandosów (1 PSK), is one of six special forces units currently operating within Poland's Centrum Operacji Specjalnych - Dowództwo Komponentu Wojsk Specjalnych (COS - DKWS, en. Special Operations Center - Special Forces Component Command).

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Karin Seehofer

Karin Seehofer (born April 1958) is the second wife of the Bavarian Minister-President Horst Seehofer.

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Kariyushi shirt

The is a style of dress shirt originating in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.

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Karl Dönitz

Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz (sometimes spelled Doenitz;; 16 September 1891 24 December 1980) was a German admiral who played a major role in the naval history of World War II.

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Kashmir conflict

The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict primarily between India and Pakistan, having started just after the partition of India in 1947.

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Kashmir Conspiracy Case

Kashmir Conspiracy Case was the legal case filed by Government of Kashmir and Investigations Department of the Government of India, by which Sheikh Abdullah and others were arrested and jailed.

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Kentucky

Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States.

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Kenya

Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa with its capital and largest city in Nairobi.

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Kenya (1963–1964)

Between 12 December 1963 and 12 December 1964, Kenya was an independent sovereign state that shared its head of state with the United Kingdom and other states headed by Queen Elizabeth II.

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Khieu Samphan

Khieu Samphan (ខៀវ សំផន; born 27 July 1931) is a former Cambodian communist politician who was the chairman of the state presidium of Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) from 1976 until 1979.

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Khmer Republic

The Khmer Republic (Khmer: សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ, République khmère) was the pro–United States military-led republican government of Cambodia that was formally declared on 9 October 1970.

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Khmer Rouge

The Khmer Rouge ("Red Khmers"; ខ្មែរក្រហម Khmer Kror-Horm) was the name popularly given to the followers of the Communist Party of Kampuchea and by extension to the regime through which the CPK ruled Cambodia between 1975 and 1979.

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Kiautschou Bay concession

The Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory was a German leased territory in Imperial and Early Republican China which existed from 1898 to 1914.

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Kim Il-sung

Kim Il-sung (or Kim Il Sung) (born Kim Sŏng-ju; 15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994) was the first leader of North Korea, from its establishment in 1948 until his death in 1994.

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Kim Yong-nam

Kim Yong-nam (born 4 February 1928) is the President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea, a position he has held since 1998.

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Kimigayo

is the national anthem of Japan.

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King of Bahrain

The King of Bahrain (ملك البحرين) is the monarch and head of state of Bahrain.

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King of Hanover

The King of Hanover (German: König von Hannover) was the official title of the head of state and hereditary ruler of the Kingdom of Hanover, beginning with the proclamation of the King of the United Kingdom George III, as "King of Hanover" during the Congress of Vienna, on 12 October 1814 at Vienna, and ending with the kingdom's annexation by Prussia on 20 September 1866.

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King of Hungary

The King of Hungary (magyar király) was the ruling head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 (or 1001) to 1918.

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King of Nepal

The King of Nepal, traditionally known as the Mahārājādhirāja i.e. King of Kings, it can also be translated as "Sovereign Emperor" (श्री ५ महाराजधिराज), was Nepal's head of state and monarch from 1768 to 2008.

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King of Saudi Arabia

The King of Saudi Arabia is Saudi Arabia's absolute monarch who serves as head of state and head of government.

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King's House, Jamaica

King's House (also known as Government House) is the official residence of the Governor-General of Jamaica, who represents the Jamaican Monarch, and head of state.

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Kingdom of Iceland

The Kingdom of Iceland (Konungsríkið Ísland; Kongeriget Island) was a constitutional monarchy, a sovereign and independent country that was established by the Act of Union with Denmark signed on 1 December 1918.

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Kingdom of Nepal

The Hindu Kingdom of Nepal (नेपाल अधिराज्य), also known as the Kingdom of Gorkha (गोर्खा अधिराज्य), was a Hindu kingdom formed in 1768 by the unification of Nepal.

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Kingdom of the Netherlands

The Kingdom of the Netherlands (Koninkrijk der Nederlanden), commonly known as the Netherlands, is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with the large majority of its territory in Western Europe and with several small island territories in the Caribbean Sea, in the West Indies islands (Leeward Islands and Lesser Antilles).

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Kizito Mihigo

Kizito Mihigo (born July 25, 1981) is a Rwandan gospel singer, songwriter, organist, composer of sacred music and television presenter.

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Knight

A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch, bishop or other political leader for service to the monarch or a Christian Church, especially in a military capacity.

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Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes), or simply the Knight's Cross (Ritterkreuz), and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Knights of Columbus

The Knights of Columbus is the world's largest Catholic fraternal service organization.

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Kolej Yayasan Saad

Kolej Yayasan Saad (KYS), also known as Saad Foundation College (SFC), is a private, fully residential school founded by Tan Sri Halim Saad in 1995.

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Konni (dog)

Konni (Ко́нни, 1999–2014), full name Connie Paulgrave (Ко́нни По́лгрейв), also known as Connie, was a female black Labrador Retriever belonging to the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin.

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Kono District

Kono District is a diamond-rich district in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone.

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Korean Air Flight 858

Korean Air Flight 858 was a scheduled international passenger flight between Baghdad, Iraq and Seoul, South Korea.

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Kosovo

Kosovo (Kosova or Kosovë; Косово) is a partially recognised state and disputed territory in Southeastern Europe that declared independence from Serbia in February 2008 as the Republic of Kosovo (Republika e Kosovës; Република Косово / Republika Kosovo).

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Kremlin Presidium

The Kremlin Presidium (Административный корпус Кремля.), also denominated Building 14 (14-й корпус.), was an edifice within the Moscow Kremlin in Russia.

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Kseniya Simonova

Kseniya Simonova (Ксенія Симонова; Russian: Ксения Симонова; married name: Kseniya Paskar, Ксения Паскар) is a sand animation artist, the 2009 winner of the TV contest Ukraine’s Got Talent, which is part of the ''Got Talent'' series.

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Kuniko Ozaki

, (born 1956. ICC. Retrieved 26 May 2012.) is a judge of the International Criminal Court and is the Presiding Judge of Trial Chamber V, constituted to try the cases against four Kenyan nationals.

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Kurt Eisner

Kurt Eisner (14 May 186721 February 1919)"Kurt Eisner – Encyclopædia Britannica" (biography), Encyclopædia Britannica, 2006, Britannica.com webpage:.

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Kurt von Schleicher

Kurt Ferdinand Friedrich Hermann von Schleicher (7 April 1882 – 30 June 1934) was a German general and the last Chancellor of Germany during the Weimar Republic.

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Kwadwo Afari-Gyan

Kwadwo Afari-Gyan (born 18 June 1945) is a Ghanaian academic, political scientist and election administrator.

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Kyrgyz presidential election, 2005

Kyrgyzstan held a presidential election on 10 July 2005.

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Lagumot Harris

HE Lagumot Gagiemem Nimidere Harris (23 December 1938 – 8 September 1999) was a political figure from the Pacific nation of the Republic of Nauru, and served as its President.

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Lahti Summit

The Lahti Summit was a summit meeting of 20 heads of state or government that took place in the town of Lahti in Finland on the 3rd week of October 2006.

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Larry Willis

Lawrence Elliott "Larry" Willis (born December 20, 1940) is an American jazz pianist and composer.

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Latvian constitutional referendum, 2008

A constitutional referendum to amend the constitution of Latvia in order to allow one-tenth of the total registered electorate to initiate a popular referendum to dissolve the Latvian parliament was held in Latvia on 2 August 2008.

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Law

Law is a system of rules that are created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior.

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Law enforcement agency

A law enforcement agency (LEA), in North American English, is a government agency responsible for the enforcement of the laws.

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Law enforcement in Sweden

Law enforcement in Sweden is carried out by several government agencies, under the guidance of the Government of Sweden.

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Law of Estonia

According to the Constitution of Estonia (Põhiseadus), the supreme power of the state is vested in the people.

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Laws of the Constitution of Selangor 1959

The Laws of the Constitution of Selangor 1959 is the fundamental law of the state of Selangor and establishes the state as a constitutional monarchy with the Sultan of Selangor as the Head of State.

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Le Chi Thuc

Lê Chí Thức has been a spokesperson for the Government of Free Vietnam, since 1998-2002.

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Le Club des Chefs des Chefs

Le Club des Chefs des Chefs (C.C.C.), founded by Gilles Bragard in 1977, is an international culinary organisation.

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League of Nations mandate

A League of Nations mandate was a legal status for certain territories transferred from the control of one country to another following World War I, or the legal instruments that contained the internationally agreed-upon terms for administering the territory on behalf of the League of Nations.

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Lebanon

Lebanon (لبنان; Lebanese pronunciation:; Liban), officially known as the Lebanese RepublicRepublic of Lebanon is the most common phrase used by Lebanese government agencies.

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Legal status of Germany

The legal status of Germany concerns the issue of the downfall or continuation of the German nation state, i.e., the German Reich created in the 1871 unification, after the military occupation of Nazi Germany by the Allied forces in 1945.

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Legion of Merit

The Legion of Merit (LOM) is a military award of the United States Armed Forces that is given for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements.

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Legislative Assembly of Ontario

The Legislative Assembly of Ontario is one of two components of the Legislature of Ontario (also known as the Parliament of Ontario), the other being the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario.

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Legislative session

A legislative session is the period of time in which a legislature, in both parliamentary and presidential systems, is convened for purpose of lawmaking, usually being one of two or more smaller divisions of the entire time between two elections.

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Lennart Bernadotte

Lennart Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg (born Prince Lennart, Duke of Småland; 8 May 1909 – 21 December 2004) was a Swedish-German landscaper, filmmaker and photographer.

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Leonid Brezhnev

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (a; Леоні́д Іллі́ч Бре́жнєв, 19 December 1906 (O.S. 6 December) – 10 November 1982) was a Soviet politician who led the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982 as the General Secretary of the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), presiding over the country until his death and funeral in 1982.

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Leslie Howard

Leslie Howard Steiner (3 April 18931 June 1943) was an English stage and film actor, director, and producer.

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Lesotho

Lesotho officially the Kingdom of Lesotho ('Muso oa Lesotho), is an enclaved country in southern Africa.

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Letter of credence

A letter of credence (Lettres de créance) is a formal diplomatic letter that appoints a diplomat as ambassador to another sovereign state.

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Lev Kamenev

Lev Borisovich Kamenev (born Rozenfeld; – 25 August 1936) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a prominent Soviet politician.

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Lewis Way

Lewis Way (1772–1840) was an English barrister and churchman, noted for his Christian outreach to the Jewish people.

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Liberia

Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast.

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Liberian general election, 2005

The 2005 Liberian general election was held on 11 October 2005, with a runoff election for the presidency held on 8 November of that year.

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Library of Congress Classification:Class K -- Law

Class K: Law is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system.

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Lidia Gueiler Tejada

Lidia Gueiler Tejada (28 August 1921 – 9 May 2011) was the first female President of Bolivia, serving in an interim capacity from 1979 to 1980.

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Lieutenant General of New France

Lieutenant General of New France was the military post that governed early New France (including the early colonies in Acadia and Quebec) from 1598 until 1627.

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Lieutenant governor (Canada)

In Canada, a lieutenant governor (French: lieutenant-gouverneur, or: lieutenant-gouverneure) is the viceregal representative in a provincial jurisdiction of the.

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Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey

The Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey is the representative of the British monarch in the Bailiwick of Guernsey, a Crown dependency of the British Crown.

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Lieutenant Governor of Jersey

The Lieutenant Governor of Jersey is the representative of the British monarch in the Bailiwick of Jersey, a Crown dependency of the British Crown.

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List of 1867 Canadian incumbents

No description.

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List of 1979 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1978 Canadian incumbents, 1980 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1980 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1979 Canadian incumbents, 1981 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1981 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1980 Canadian incumbents, 1982 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1982 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1981 Canadian incumbents, 1983 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1983 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1982 Canadian incumbents, 1984 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1984 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1983 Canadian incumbents, 1985 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1985 British incumbents

This is a list of 1985 British incumbents.

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List of 1985 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1984 Canadian incumbents, 1986 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1986 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1985 Canadian incumbents, 1987 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1987 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1986 Canadian incumbents, 1988 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1988 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1987 Canadian incumbents, 1989 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1989 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1988 Canadian incumbents, 1990 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1990 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1989 Canadian incumbents, 1991 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1991 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1990 Canadian incumbents, 1992 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1992 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1991 Canadian incumbents, 1993 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1993 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1992 Canadian incumbents, 1994 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1994 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1993 Canadian incumbents, 1995 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1995 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1994 Canadian incumbents, 1996 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1996 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1995 Canadian incumbents, 1997 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1997 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1996 Canadian incumbents, 1998 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1998 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1997 Canadian incumbents, 1999 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 1999 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1998 Canadian incumbents, 2000 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 2000 Canadian incumbents

See also: 1999 Canadian incumbents, 2001 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 2001 Canadian incumbents

See also: 2000 Canadian incumbents, 2002 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 2002 Canadian incumbents

See also: 2001 Canadian incumbents, 2003 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 2003 Canadian incumbents

See also: 2002 Canadian incumbents, 2004 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 2004 Canadian incumbents

See also: 2003 Canadian incumbents, 2005 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 2005 Canadian incumbents

See also: 2004 Canadian incumbents, 2006 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 2006 Canadian incumbents

See also: 2005 Canadian incumbents, 2007 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 2007 Canadian incumbents

See also: 2006 Canadian incumbents, 2008 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 2009 Canadian incumbents

See also: 2008 Canadian incumbents, 2010 Canadian incumbents.

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List of 2010 Canadian incumbents

See also: 2009 Canadian incumbents, 2011 Canadian incumbents.

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List of African Union member states by political system

African Union (AU) member states have various forms of government.

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List of Altair: A Record of Battles characters

The following is a list of characters for the Altair: A Record of Battles series.

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List of alumni of the Accra Academy

An alumnus of the Accra Academy is referred to as an Accra Aca Old Boy.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Afghanistan

The United States Ambassador to Afghanistan is the official representative of the President of the United States to the head of state of Afghanistan.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Algeria

The Ambassador of the United States to Algeria is the official representative of the President of the United States to the head of state of Algeria.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Argentina

The United States Ambassador to Argentina is the official representative of the President of the United States to the head of state of Argentina.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Bahrain

The United States Ambassador to Bahrain is the official representative of the President of the United States to the head of state of Bahrain.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Belarus

The United States Ambassador to Belarus is the official representative of the President of the United States to the head of state of Belarus.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Cuba

The United States Ambassador to the Republic of Cuba is the official representative of the President of the United States to the head of state of Cuba, and serves as the head of the Embassy of the United States in Havana.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Guinea-Bissau

The United States Ambassador to Guinea-Bissau is the official representative of the President of the United States to the head of state of Guinea-Bissau.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Israel

The United States Ambassador to Israel is the official representative of the President of the United States to the head of state of Israel.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Libya

The United States Ambassador to Libya is the official representative of the President of the United States to the head of state of Libya.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Moldova

The United States Ambassador to Moldova is the official representative of the President of the United States to the head of state of Moldova.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Palau

The United States Ambassador to Palau is the official representative of the President of the United States to the head of state of Palau.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Rwanda

The United States Ambassador to Rwanda is the official representative of the President of the United States to the head of state of Rwanda.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to Senegal

The United States Ambassador to Senegal is the official representative of the President of the United States to the head of state of Senegal.

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List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Arab Emirates

The Ambassador of the United States to the United Arab Emirates is the official representative of the President of the United States to the head of state of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

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List of American University people

This is a sorted list of notable persons who have had ties to the American University in Washington, D.C.

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List of Amirs of Qatar

The Amir of the State of Qatar is the monarch and head of state of Qatar.

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List of artillery Victoria Cross recipients

The Victoria Cross (VC) is a military decoration that may be bestowed upon members of the British or Commonwealth armed forces for acts of valour or gallantry performed in the face of the enemy.

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List of assassinated and executed heads of state and government

Many notable Head of Governments and States whose deaths have resulted from assassination or execution.

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List of atheists in politics and law

There have been many atheists who have participated in politics or law.

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List of Atlas Shrugged characters

This is a list of characters in Ayn Rand's novel Atlas Shrugged.

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List of Australian High Commissioners to Fiji

The High Commissioner of Australia to Fiji is an officer of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the head of the High Commission of the Commonwealth of Australia to Fiji.

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List of awards and nominations received by Chris Rock

Rock, Chris.

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List of Booknotes interviews first aired in 2002

Booknotes is an American television series on the C-SPAN network hosted by Brian Lamb, which originally aired from 1989 to 2004.

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List of Brazilian regents

This is a list of Brazilian regents, a regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state (ruling or not) because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated.

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List of Brigade of Guards recipients of the Victoria Cross

This is a list of Brigade of Guards recipients of the Victoria Cross.

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List of Bulgarian regents

This is a list of Bulgarian regents, a regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state (ruling or not) because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated.

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List of cavalry recipients of the Victoria Cross

The Victoria Cross (VC) is a military decoration that may be bestowed upon members of the British or Commonwealth armed forces for acts of valour or gallantry performed in the face of the enemy.

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List of Chief Ministers of Sabah

The Chief Minister of Sabah is the head of government for the Malaysian state of Sabah.

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List of common nouns derived from ethnic group names

This is a list of common nouns, used in the English language, whose etymology goes back to the name of some, often historical or archaic, ethnic or religious group, but whose current meaning has lost that connotation and does not imply any actual ethnicity or religion.

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List of Commonwealth heads of government

The Commonwealth Heads of Government (CHOG) is the collective name for the government leaders of the nations with membership in the Commonwealth of Nations.

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List of companies of Ghana

Ghana is a unitary presidential constitutional democracy, located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa.

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List of companies of Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Kitts and Nevis is a two-island country in the West Indies.

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List of companies of the Isle of Man

The Isle of Man is a self-governing crown dependency in the Irish Sea between England and Northern Ireland.

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List of confederations

This is a list of confederations.

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List of conspiracy-thriller films and television series

This is an incomplete list of conspiracy thriller films and TV series.

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List of countries by system of government

This is a list of countries by system of government.

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List of Croatian flags

This is a list of flags which have been, or are still today, used in Croatia or by Croats.

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List of current Christian leaders

The following is a current list of the highest-ranking leaders in major Christian churches or denominations.

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List of current heads of state and government

This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government.

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List of current monarchies

This is a list of current monarchies.

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List of current sovereign monarchs

A monarch is the head of a monarchy, a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled by an individual who normally rules for life or until abdication, and typically inherits the throne by birth.

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List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office

This is a list of current state leaders ordered by their continuous tenure in a position of national leadership.

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List of current United States governors

The following is a list of incumbent governors of the states and territories of the United States as well as the Mayor of the District of Columbia.

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List of delegates to the Millennium Summit

The Millennium Summit was a meeting among several world leaders that took place from September 6-8, 2000 at the United Nations headquarters in New York City in order to discuss the role of the United Nations in the turn of the 21st century.

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List of Deputy Chairmen of the Polish Council of State

List of Deputy Chairmen of the Polish Council of State.

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List of dignitaries at the memorial service of Nelson Mandela

This is a list of dignitaries at the state memorial service of Nelson Mandela.

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List of dining events

This is a list of historic and contemporary dining events, which includes banquets, feasts, dinners and dinner parties.

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List of diplomatic visits to India

This is a list of heads of state and heads of government who have visited India.

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List of diplomatic visits to the Philippines

This is a list of diplomatic visits made to the Philippines for diplomatic reasons, which is classified by the Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs as either a state visit, official visit, or working visit.

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List of diplomatic visits to the Republic of Macedonia

This is a list of heads of state and heads of government who have visited Macedonia.

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List of diplomatic visits to the United States

International trips made by the heads of state and heads of government to the United States have become a valuable part of American diplomacy and international relations since such trips were first made in the mid-19th century.

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List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government

This is a list of women who have been elected or appointed head of state or government of their respective countries since the mid-20th century.

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List of emirs of Kuwait

The Emir of the State of Kuwait is the monarch and head of state of Kuwait.

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List of emperors of the Song dynasty

The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that succeeded the period referred to as Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907–960) and preceded the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), which conquered the Song dynasty in 1279.

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List of English monarchs

This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England.

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List of European Council meetings

This is a list of meetings of the European Council (informally referred to as EU summits); the meetings of the European Council, an institution of the European Union (EU) comprising heads of state or government of EU member states.

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List of European Union member states by political system

This is a list of European Union member states, their forms of government and their parliaments.

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List of fictional anarchists

This is a list of fictional anarchists, including the source material in which they are found, their creator(s), the individual(s) who interpreted them as anarchists during development (if not originally created as such), and short descriptions of each.

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List of flags of Vietnam

The following is a list of flags of Vietnam.

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List of forms of government

In democracies, large proportions of the population may vote, either to make decisions or to choose representatives to make decisions.

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List of French non-presidential heads of state by tenure

This is a list of Republican French heads of state who have not held the title "President of the Republic" since the final fall of House of Capet in 1848, as sorted by length of service.

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List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: A

Parent article: List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people; Siblings: This is a partial list of confirmed famous people who were or are gay, lesbian or bisexual.

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List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: G

Parent article: List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people Siblings: This is a partial list of confirmed famous people who were or are gay, lesbian or bisexual.

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List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: H

Parent article: List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people; Siblings: This is a partial list of confirmed famous people who were or are gay, lesbian or bisexual.

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List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: I–J

Parent article: List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people; Siblings: This is a partial list of confirmed famous people who were or are gay, lesbian or bisexual.

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List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people: L

Parent article: List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people; Siblings: This is a partial list of famous people who were or identify themselves as gay, lesbian or bisexual.

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List of German monarchs in 1918

The term German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich) commonly refers to Germany, from its foundation as a unified nation-state on January 18, 1871, until the abdication of its last Kaiser, Wilhelm II, on November 9, 1918.

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List of Governors of Alabama

The Governor of Alabama is the chief executive of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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List of Governors of Arkansas

The Governor of Arkansas is the chief executive of the U.S. state of Arkansas.

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List of Governors of Michigan

The Governor of Michigan is the head of the executive branch of Michigan's state government and serves as the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.

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List of Governors of New Jersey

The Governor of New Jersey is the head of the executive branch of New Jersey's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.

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List of Governors of North Carolina

The Governor of North Carolina has a duty to enforce state laws and to convene the legislature.

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List of governors of Penang

This is the list of people who have held the highest political office in Penang and its previous entities.

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List of governors of Tamil Nadu

The Governor of Tamil Nadu is the constitutional head of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

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List of Greek regents

This is a list of Greek regents (αντιβασιλείς, sing.), a regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state (ruling or not) because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated.

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List of Hakka people

A list of notable Hakka people, belonging to the Han Chinese.

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List of Head of Government and State Nobel Laureates

This is a list of all the 27 Heads of State and Heads of Government who have received the Nobel prize.

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List of heads of government and state who died in aviation accidents and incidents

Many notable Head of Governments and States who have resulted from aviation accidents.

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List of heads of government of the Central African Republic

The following is a complete list of heads of government of the Central African Republic and the Central African Empire.

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List of heads of state and government who committed suicide

A number of heads of state and heads of government have committed suicide, either while in office or after leaving office.

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List of heads of state by diplomatic precedence

Protocol holds that a head of state takes precedence over all other officials, and that heads of state rank in the order that they took office.

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List of heads of state educated in the United States

This is a list of non-American heads of state and heads of government who have received their undergraduate or postgraduate education from American colleges and universities.

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List of heads of state of Afghanistan

This article lists the heads of state of Afghanistan since the foundation of the first Afghan state, the Hotak Empire, in 1709.

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List of heads of state of Albania

This is a list of heads of state of Albania who have served since the Declaration of Independence of 1912.

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List of heads of state of Algeria

This is a list of heads of state of Algeria since the formation of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA) in exile in Cairo, Egypt in 1958 during the Algerian War, through independence in 1962, to the present day.

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List of heads of state of Argentina

Argentina has had many different types of heads of state, as well as many different types of government.

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List of heads of state of Biafra

The President of Biafra was the head of state of the Republic of Biafra, a secessionist state in south-eastern Nigeria which existed from 30 May 1967 to 15 January 1970.

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List of heads of state of Bulgaria

This is a list of the heads of state of the modern Bulgarian state, from the establishment of the Principality of Bulgaria to the present day.

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List of heads of state of Burkina Faso

This is a list of heads of state of Burkina Faso since the Republic of Upper Volta gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day.

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List of heads of state of Chad

This is a list of heads of state of Chad since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day.

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List of heads of state of Egypt

This is a list of the heads of state of Egypt since the early modern period, from Muhammad Ali's seizure of power to the present day.

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List of heads of state of Eritrea

This is a list of heads of state of Eritrea.

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List of heads of state of France

Below is a list of all French heads of state.

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List of heads of state of Greece

This is a list of the heads of state of the modern Greek state, from its establishment during the Greek Revolution to the present day.

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List of heads of state of Iran

This article lists the heads of state of Iran since establishment of the Iran's modern Nation-State on 1501 AD.

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List of heads of state of Libya

This article lists the heads of state of Libya since the country's independence in 1951.

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List of heads of state of Mali

This is a list of heads of state of Mali since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day.

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List of heads of state of Mauritania

This is a list of heads of state of Mauritania since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day.

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List of heads of state of Montenegro

This is a list of the heads of state of Montenegro, from the establishment of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro to the present day.

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List of heads of state of Niger

This is a list of heads of state of Niger since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day.

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List of heads of state of North Korea

The following is a list of heads of state of North Korea since its founding in 1948.

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List of heads of state of Romania

This is a list of the heads of state of the modern Romanian state, from the establishment of the United Principalities to the present day.

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List of heads of state of Serbia

This is a list of the heads of state of the modern Serbian state, from its establishment during the Serbian Revolution to the present day.

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List of heads of state of Spain

This is a list of Spanish Heads of State; that is, kings and presidents that governed the country of Spain in the modern sense of the word.

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List of heads of state of Sri Lanka

This is a list of the heads of state of Ceylon and Sri Lanka, from the independence of the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948 to the present day.

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List of heads of state of Sudan

This article lists the heads of state of Sudan since the country's independence in 1956.

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List of heads of state of the Central African Republic

The following is a complete list of heads of state of the Central African Republic and the Central African Empire.

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List of heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

This article lists the heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) since the country's independence in 1960.

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List of heads of state of Vietnam

The following is a list of the heads of state of modern Vietnam, from the Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on 2 September 1945 to the present day.

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List of heads of state of Yemen

The following is a list of the heads of state of modern Yemen, from the establishment of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen in 1918 to the present day.

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List of heads of state or government who have been in exile

In some cases the deposed head of state or Head of government are allowed to go into exile following a coup or other change of government, allowing a more peaceful transition to take place or to escape justice.

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List of Heidelberg University people

Alumni and faculty of the university include many founders and pioneers of academic disciplines, and a large number of internationally acclaimed philosophers, poets, jurisprudents, theologians, natural and social scientists.

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List of High Commissioners of Canada to Trinidad and Tobago

The High Commissioner from Canada to Trinidad and Tobago is Canada's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.

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List of High Commissioners of Grenada to the United Kingdom

The High Commissioner of Grenada to the United Kingdom is Grenada's foremost diplomatic representative in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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List of high commissioners of New Zealand to Australia

The High Commissioner from New Zealand to Australia is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in the Commonwealth of Australia, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in Australia.

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List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Barbados

The High Commissioner from New Zealand to Barbados is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in Barbados, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in Bridgetown, Barbados.

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List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Canada

The High Commissioner from New Zealand to Canada is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in Canada, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in Canada.

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List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Fiji

The High Commissioner from New Zealand to Fiji is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of the Fiji Islands, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in Fiji.

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List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Kiribati

The High Commissioner from New Zealand to Kiribati is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Kiribati, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in Kiribati.

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List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Malaya

The Ambassador from New Zealand to Malaya was New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in the Federation of Malaya, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in Malaya.

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List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Papua New Guinea

The High Commissioner from New Zealand to Papua New Guinea is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in Papua New Guinea.

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List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Samoa

The High Commissioner from New Zealand to Samoa is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in the Samoa, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in Samoa.

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List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Singapore

The High Commissioner from New Zealand to Singapore is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Singapore, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in Singapore.

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List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to South Africa

The High Commissioner from New Zealand to South Africa is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of South Africa, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in South Africa.

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List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to the Solomon Islands

The High Commissioner from New Zealand to the Solomon Islands is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in the Solomon Islands, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in the Solomon Islands.

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List of high commissioners of New Zealand to the United Kingdom

The high commissioner of New Zealand to the United Kingdom is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in the United Kingdom.

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List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Tonga

The High Commissioner from New Zealand to Tonga is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in the Kingdom of Tonga, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in Tonga.

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List of High Commissioners of New Zealand to Vanuatu

The High Commissioner from New Zealand to Vanuatu is New Zealand's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Vanuatu, and in charge of New Zealand's diplomatic mission in Vanuatu.

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List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Barbados

The High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in Barbados, and head of the UK's diplomatic mission in Bridgetown, Barbados.

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List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Belize

The High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Belize is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in Belize, and in charge of the UK's diplomatic mission in Belize.

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List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Canada

The high commissioner of the United Kingdom to Canada is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in Canada, and in charge of the UK's diplomatic mission in Canada.

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List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Fiji

The High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Fiji is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Fiji.

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List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Ghana

The High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Ghana is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Ghana, and head of the UK's diplomatic mission in Ghana.

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List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to India

Countries belonging to the Commonwealth of Nations exchange High Commissioners rather than Ambassadors.

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List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Jamaica

The High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Jamaica is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in Jamaica, and head of the UK's diplomatic mission in Jamaica.

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List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Kenya

The High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Kenya is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Kenya, and in charge of the UK's diplomatic mission in Kenya.

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List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Malta

The High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Malta is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Malta, and head of the UK's diplomatic mission there.

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List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Namibia

The High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Namibia is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Namibia, and head of the UK's diplomatic mission in Windhoek.

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List of high commissioners of the United Kingdom to New Zealand

The High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to New Zealand is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in New Zealand, and head of the UK's diplomatic mission in New Zealand.

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List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Trinidad and Tobago

The High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Trinidad and Tobago is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.

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List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Uganda

The High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Uganda is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Uganda, and head of the UK's diplomatic mission in Uganda.

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List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Zambia

The High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to Zambia is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Zambia, and head of the UK's diplomatic mission in Lusaka.

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List of impeached presidents

This is a list of presidents or holders of other offices equivalent to a heads of state who have been impeached.

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List of international presidential trips made by François Hollande

This is a list of international presidential trips made by François Hollande, the 24th President of France.

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List of international presidential trips made by Petro Poroshenko

This is a list of international presidential trips made by Petro Poroshenko, the 5th President of Ukraine.

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List of international presidential trips made by Rodrigo Duterte

According to the Official Gazette, international trips made by the President of the Philippines are an opportunity to "foster and maintain" relations with other governments and to meet other heads of state and/or government.

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List of international trips made by the President of the United States

International trips made by the President of the United States have become a valuable part of U.S. diplomacy and international relations since such trips were first made in the early 20th century.

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List of Iranian presidential elections

The President of Iran is the highest official elected by direct, popular vote, although the President carries out the decrees, and answers to the Supreme Leader of Iran, who functions as the country's head of state.

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List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel

The following is a list of Jewish heads of state and/or government in the Land of Israel.

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List of kings of Iraq

The King of Iraq (Arabic: ملك العراق, Mālik al-‘Irāq) was Iraq's head of state and monarch from 1921 to 1958.

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List of kings of Jordan

The King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is Jordan's head of state and monarch.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (A)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (Ba–Bm)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (Bn–Bz)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military of the Third Reich during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (C)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (D)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of the Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (E)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (F)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (G)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (Ha–Hm)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (Hn–Hz)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (I)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (J)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (Ka–Km)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (Kn–Kz)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (L)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (M)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (N)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (O)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (P)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (Q)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (R)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military of the Third Reich during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (Sa–Schr)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (Schu–Sz)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (T)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitay forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (U)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (V)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (W)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (X–Z)

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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List of largest peaceful gatherings

This is a list of the largest historic peaceful gatherings of people in one place for a single event.

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List of leaders of Communist Chechnya

The following is a list of leaders of Communist Chechnya, encompassing leaders of the Chechen Autonomous Oblast (the Chechen AO), the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Oblast (the Chechen-Ingush AO), the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (the Chechen-Ingush ASSR) and the Grozny Oblast.

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List of leaders of Communist Tuva

The following is a list of leaders of Communist Tuva, encompassing leaders of the Tuvan People's Republic, the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast (the Tuvan AO) and the Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (the Tuvan ASSR).

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List of leaders of dependent territories

This is a list of leaders of dependent territories.

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List of leaders of the Dagestan ASSR

The following is a list of leaders of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (the Dagestan ASSR).

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List of leaders of the Republic of China

This is a list of Heads of State of the Republic of China.

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List of leaders of the Russian SFSR

The following is a list of leaders of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR).

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List of leaders of the Socialist Republic of Serbia

The following is a list of leaders of the Socialist Republic of Serbia (SR Serbia).

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List of leaders of the Soviet Union

Under the 1977 Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), the Chairman of the Council of Ministers was the head of government and the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was the head of state.

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List of leaders of Ukraine

This is a comprehensive chronological list of national leaders of Ukraine since its independence in 1917, including its presidents both before and after the Soviet era, and the Soviet leaders themselves, who, unlike the presidents, were not formal heads of state.

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List of legislatures by country

This is a list of legislatures by country.

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List of Liechtensteiners

The list of Liechtensteiners is a list of notable people from or of the nation of Liechtenstein.

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List of longest-living state leaders

This article lists 100 oldest known living or deceased heads of state or heads of government of sovereign states (often a president or prime minister), born no earlier than 1800, and whose ages are documented in reliable sources.

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List of longest-serving G7 leaders

This is a list of the longest serving heads of government or heads of state in the G7.

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List of Loyola University New Orleans people

Many notable politicians, entertainers, and figures in United States history are alumni of Loyola University in New Orleans, Louisiana.

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List of Maltese governments

This is a list of Maltese governments from the creation of the first self-Government of Malta in 1921.

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List of mayors of Hamburg

The following is a chronological list of mayors of Hamburg, a city-state in Germany.

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List of medical recipients of the Victoria Cross

The Victoria Cross (VC) is a military decoration that may be bestowed upon members of the British or Commonwealth armed forces for acts of valour or gallantry performed in the face of the enemy.

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List of members of the Swiss Federal Council

The seven members of the Swiss Federal Council (Schweizerischer Bundesrat; Conseil fédéral suisse; Consiglio federale svizzero; Cussegl federal svizzer) constitute the federal government of Switzerland and serve as the country's head of state.

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List of members of the Swiss Federal Council by date

This is a list of members of the Swiss Federal Council, in chronological order and for any given year since inauguration of the federal council, from 1848 to present.

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List of monarchies

There are and have been throughout recorded history a great many monarchies in the world.

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List of monarchs of Luxembourg

The territory of Luxembourg was ruled successively by counts, dukes and grand dukes.

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List of monarchs of Malta

The Mediterranean islands of Malta and Gozo have been ruled by Phoenician, Byzantine and Roman aristocrats, before passing to various European monarchies.

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List of Moscow State University people

The list of Moscow State University people includes notable alumni, non-graduates, and faculty affiliated with the Lomonosov Moscow State University (also known as "Moscow State University").

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List of national governments

This is a list of the offices of heads of state, heads of government, cabinet, and legislature, of sovereign states.

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List of NATO Secretaries General

The Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) is the chairman of the North Atlantic Council, the supreme decision-making organisation of the defence alliance.

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List of Old Malvernians

Old Malvernians are alumni of Malvern College, an independent day and boarding school in Malvern, Worcestershire, England that was founded in 1865.

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List of oldest living state leaders

This article lists the 100 longest-lived current or former heads of state or heads of government of sovereign states (often a president, prime minister or monarch) whose age can be proven beyond reasonable doubt.

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List of orphans and foundlings

Notable orphans and foundlings include world leaders, celebrated writers, entertainment greats, figures in science and business, as well as innumerable fictional characters in literature and comics.

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List of parties to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty

The contracting states to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) are the states that have signed and ratified the international agreement banning all nuclear explosions in all environments.

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List of people and organisations named in the Paradise Papers

This is a list of people and organisations named in the Paradise Papers as connected to offshore companies.

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List of people banned from entering the United Kingdom

The Home Office, a United Kingdom government department, has, from August 2005 to 31 March 2009, excluded 101 individuals from the UK for having "engaged in unacceptable behaviour".

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List of people from Boston

This is a list of people who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with the city of Boston, Massachusetts and its surrounding metropolitan statistical area.

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List of people named in the Panama Papers

This is a partial list of people named in the Panama Papers as shareholders, directors and beneficiaries of offshore companies.

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List of people on banknotes

This is a list of people on the banknotes of different countries.

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List of people who have opened the Olympic Games

The Olympic Games are an international multi-sport event featuring both summer and winter sports, held every two years with Summer and Winter Olympic Games alternating.

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List of Peter Simple characters

These are characters created by the columnist Peter Simple (1913–2006) from 1957 onwards.

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List of political leaders who held active military ranks in office

This article lists national heads of government and heads of state who held an active military rank while in office.

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List of political leaders who suspended the constitution

The following heads of government or heads of state formally suspended provisions of the country's constitution while in office.

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List of premiers of Alberta

The list of premiers of Alberta consists of the 17 leaders of government of the Canadian province of Alberta since it was created in 1905.

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List of premiers of British Columbia

The Premier of British Columbia is the First Minister for the Canadian province of British Columbia.

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List of premiers of Manitoba

The Canadian province of Manitoba was created in 1870.

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List of premiers of New Brunswick

The Canadian province of New Brunswick was a British crown colony before it joined Canada in 1867.

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List of premiers of Newfoundland and Labrador

The Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador is current title of the First Minister for the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, which was at certain points in its history a colony, dominion, and province.

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List of premiers of Nova Scotia

The Canadian province of Nova Scotia was a British colony with a system of responsible government since 1848, before it joined Canadian Confederation in 1867.

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List of premiers of Prince Edward Island

The Premier of Prince Edward Island is the first minister for the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island.

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List of premiers of Quebec

This is a list of the premiers of the province of Quebec, Canada, since Confederation in 1867.

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List of presidential qualifications by country

This is a list of qualifications that potential candidates must possess in order to stand for election as president of a country.

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List of Presidents of Brazil

Below is a list of Presidents of Brazil.

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List of Presidents of Colombia

The following is a List of Presidents of Colombia.

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List of Presidents of Croatia

This is a list of Heads of State of Croatia.

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List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia

The President of Czechoslovakia was the head of state of Czechoslovakia, from the creation of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 until the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic in 1992.

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List of Presidents of Djibouti

This is a list of Presidents of Djibouti.

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List of Presidents of Dominica

The President of Dominica is the head of state under the system implemented by the Constitution of 1978, the year of Dominica's independence.

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List of Presidents of Egypt

This article lists the Presidents of Egypt since the establishment of that office in 1953.

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List of Presidents of Ethiopia

This is a list of Presidents of Ethiopia and also a list of Heads of State after the fall of the Ethiopian Empire in 1974.

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List of presidents of Finland

The President of Finland is Finland's head of state.

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List of Presidents of Galmudug

This is a list of Presidents of Galmudug, a Federated state that is part of the Federal Republic of Somalia.

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List of Presidents of India

The President of India is the head of state of India and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.

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List of Presidents of Montenegro

This article lists the Presidents of Montenegro.

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List of Presidents of Pakistan

The President of Pakistan is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

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List of Presidents of Portugal

The complete list of Presidents of the Portuguese Republic consists of the 20 heads of state in the history of Portugal since the 5 October 1910 revolution that installed a republican regime.

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List of Presidents of Puntland

This is a list of Presidents of Puntland, a semi-autonomous state that is de jure part of Somalia.

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List of Presidents of Romania

The President of Romania serves as the head of state of Romania.

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List of Presidents of Rwanda

This article lists the Presidents of Rwanda since the creation of the office in 1961 (during the Rwandan Revolution), to the present day.

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List of Presidents of Serbia

This article lists the Presidents of Serbia.

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List of Presidents of Somalia

This is a list of Presidents of Somalia.

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List of Presidents of Somaliland

This is a list of Presidents of the Republic of Somaliland, a self-declared republic that is internationally recognized as an autonomous region of Somalia.

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List of Presidents of South Korea

Since the establishment of the Government of the Republic of Korea which is commonly known as South Korea in 1948, twelve people have served nineteen terms as President of South Korea.

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List of Presidents of Sri Lanka

The President of Sri Lanka is the elected head of state and the head of government.

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List of Presidents of the Czech Republic

This is a list of Presidents of the Czech Republic, a political office that was created in 1993 following the dissolution of Czechoslovakia.

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List of presidents of the institutions of the European Union

This is a list of presidents of the institutions of the European Union (EU).

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List of Presidents of the National Convention

From 22 September 1792 to 2 November 1795, the French Republic was governed by the National Convention, whose president (elected from within for a 14-day term) may be considered as France's legitimate Head of State during this period.

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List of Presidents of the National Council of Switzerland

The President of the National Council of Switzerland (Nationalratspräsident; Président du Conseil national, Presidente del Consiglio nazionale; President dal cussegl naziunal) presides over the National Council and the Federal Assembly.

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List of Presidents of the People's Republic of China

This is a list of the Presidents and other heads of state of the People's Republic of China.

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List of Presidents of the Philippines

Under the present Constitution of the Philippines, the President of the Philippines (Pangulo ng Pilipinas) is both the head of state and the head of government, and serves as the commander-in-chief of the country's armed forces.

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List of Presidents of the Philippines by date of birth

This is a complete list of current and former Philippine Presidents by date of birth that consists of the 16 heads of state, and 3 Unofficial Heads of State in the history of the Philippines.

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List of Presidents of the Philippines by education

This is a complete list of Philippine Presidents by college education that consists of the 16 heads of state in the history of the Philippines.

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List of Presidents of the Philippines by province

These lists give the provinces of primary affiliation, and of birth for each President of the Philippines, consisting of the 16 heads of state in the history of the Philippines.

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List of Presidents of the Philippines by religious affiliations

This is a complete list of Philippine Presidents by religious affiliations that consists of the 16 heads of state in the history of the Philippines, categorised according to their religious affiliation at the time of death.

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List of Presidents of the Philippines on currency

This is a complete list of Philippine Presidents who served by currency appearances, that consists of the heads of state in the history of the Philippines.

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List of Presidents of the United States

The President of the United States is the elected head of state and head of government of the United States.

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List of Presidents of Turkey

The following is a complete list of Presidents of Turkey, consisting of the twelve heads of state and one Executive President of Turkey since the inception of the republican period in 1923, following the Turkish War of Independence.

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List of Presidents of Uruguay

Uruguay is a presidential republic in which the President (Presidente) is both the head of state and head of government.

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List of Presidents of Venezuela

Under the Venezuelan Constitution, the President of Venezuela is the head of state and head of government of Venezuela.

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List of Presidents of Vietnam

The President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Chủ tịch nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam), known as Chairman of the Council of State (Vietnamese: Chủ tịch Hội đồng Nhà nước) from 1981 to 1992, is the head of state of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

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List of Prime Ministers of Denmark

The Prime Minister of Denmark is the head of government of Denmark and leader of the Cabinet; since 1918 they have held the title of "Minister of State".

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List of Prime Ministers of Egypt

This article lists the Prime Ministers of Egypt.

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List of prime ministers of Elizabeth II

Since succeeding her father on 6 February 1952, Queen Elizabeth II has been head of state of 32 different independent states; currently, there are 16 states, called Commonwealth realms.

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List of Prime Ministers of India

The Prime Minister of India is the chief executive of the Government of India.

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List of Prime Ministers of Iraq

This is a list of Prime Ministers of Iraq since 1920.

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List of Prime Ministers of Sri Lanka

There have been fourteen Prime Ministers of Sri Lanka since the creation of the position in 1947, prior to the formation of the Dominion of Ceylon.

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List of Prime Ministers of Sweden

The Prime Minister (statsminister, literally "Minister of the State") is the head of government in Sweden.

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List of Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic

This is list of Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic.

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List of queens regnant

This is a list of Queens who have ruled as Queen in many countries (Separate queens for separate countries).

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List of regents

A regent is a person selected to act as head of state (ruling or not) because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated.

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List of Royal Engineers recipients of the Victoria Cross

This is a list of Royal Engineers recipients of the Victoria Cross.The Victoria Cross (VC) is a military decoration that may be bestowed upon members of the British or Commonwealth armed forces for acts of valour or gallantry performed in the face of the enemy.

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List of rulers of Bengal

This is a list of rulers of Bengal.

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List of rulers of Bhutan

Bhutan was founded and unified as a country by Ngawang Namgyal, 1st Zhabdrung Rinpoche in the mid–17th century.

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List of rulers of Oman

The Sultan of the Sultanate of Oman is the monarch and head of state of Oman.

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List of salaries of heads of state and government

This is a list of salaries of heads of state and government per annum, showing heads of state and heads of government where different, mainly in parliamentary systems.

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List of schools of international relations in the United States

The United States has a long history offering studies in international relations and public policy with many heads of state and heads of government graduating from American schools.

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List of Scottish monarchs

The monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland.

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List of Serbian regents

This is a list of Serbian regents, a regent (намесник/namesnik), from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state (ruling or not) because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated.

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List of Spanish regents

This is a list of Spanish regents, a regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state (ruling or not) because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated.

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List of spouses of heads of state

The following is a list of spouses of current heads of state.

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List of Sri Lankan monarchs

The Sinhalese monarch was the head of state of the Sinhala Kingdom.

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List of state leaders in 2001

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List of state leaders in 2002

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List of state leaders in 2003

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List of state leaders in 2004

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List of state leaders in 2005

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List of state leaders in 2006

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List of state leaders in 2007

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List of state leaders in 2008

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List of state leaders in 2009

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List of state leaders in 2010

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List of state leaders in 2011

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List of state leaders in 2012

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List of state leaders in 2013

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List of state leaders in 2014

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List of state leaders in 2015

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List of state leaders in 2016

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List of state leaders in 2017

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List of state leaders in 2018

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List of state leaders in the 17th century

;State leaders in the 16th century – State leaders in the 18th century – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 17th century (1601–1700) AD, such as the heads of state and heads of government.

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List of state leaders in the 18th century

;State leaders in the 17th century – State leaders in the 19th century – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 18th century (1701–1800) AD, such as the heads of state and heads of government.

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List of state leaders in the 19th century

;State leaders in the 18th century – State leaders: 1901–1950 – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1900) AD, such as the heads of state and heads of government.

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List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950)

;State leaders in the 19th century – State leaders: 1951–2000 – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, and the general secretaries of single-party states.

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List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000)

;State leaders: 1901–1950 – State leaders in the 21st century – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, and the general secretaries of single-party states.

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List of state leaders in the 21st century

;State leaders: 1951–2000 – Current state leaders – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 21st century (2001–present) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, or the general secretaries of single-party states.

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List of state visits made by Elizabeth II

Since ascending the throne in 1952, Queen Elizabeth II has undertaken a number of state and official visits as well as trips throughout the Commonwealth, making her the most widely travelled head of state in history.

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List of state visits made by King Olav V of Norway

Below is a complete list of state visits made by King Olav V of Norway during his reign from 1957 to 1991.

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List of state visits to Iran

This is a list of foreign heads of state, heads of government who have visited the Iran, which is classified by the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs as either a state visit, official visit, or working visit.

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List of state visits to Sri Lanka

This is a list of heads of state and heads of government who have visited Sri Lanka from its Independence from British.

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List of Sultans of Brunei

The Sultan of Brunei is the head of state and absolute monarch of Brunei.

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List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire

The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (Osmanlı padişahları), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922.

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List of the first women heads of government and state in Muslim-majority countries

This is a chronological list of women to be Head of State or Head of government in majority-Muslim countries, excluding those who held the role in a temporary capacity.

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List of titles

This is a list of personal titles arranged in a sortable table.

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List of titles used by dictators

This is a list of titles used by authoritarian political leaders.

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List of U.S. State Dinners

A state dinner in the United States is a formal dinner held in honor of a foreign head of state, such as a king, queen, president, or any head of government.

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List of United States Military Academy alumni

The United States Military Academy (USMA) is an undergraduate college in West Point, New York with the mission of educating and commissioning officers for the United States Army.

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List of Voltron characters

This is a list of characters from the Voltron series.

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List of Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca

The Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Malacca or Malacca Governor is the ceremonial head of state of the Malaysian state of Malacca.

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List of Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sabah

The Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sabah is the ceremonial head of state of the Malaysian state of Sabah.

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List of Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak

The Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak is the ceremonial head of state of the Malaysian state of Sarawak.

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List of Yugoslav regents

This is a list of Yugoslav regents.

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Lists of office-holders

These are lists of incumbents (individuals holding offices or positions), including heads of states or of subnational entities.

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Lists of state leaders

This list contains various lists of state leaders, defined as heads of state and/or heads of government.

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Lists of state leaders by age

This article contains various lists of state leaders organized by age, defined as heads of state and/or heads of government.

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Lists of state leaders by year

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in any given year.

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Lithuania

Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe.

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Lithuanian Wars of Independence

The Lithuanian Wars of Independence, also known as the Freedom Struggles (Laisvės kovos), refer to three wars Lithuania fought defending its independence at the end of World War I: with Bolshevik forces (December 1918 – August 1919), Bermontians (June 1919 – December 1919), and Poland (August 1920 – November 1920).

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Liu Shaoqi

Liu Shaoqi (24 November 189812 November 1969) was a Chinese revolutionary, politician, and theorist.

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Lockheed JetStar

The Lockheed JetStar (company designations L-329 and L-1329; designated C-140 in US military service) is a business jet produced from the early 1960s to the 1970s.

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Lord of Mann

The title Lord or Lady of Mann (Çhiarn Vannin) is used on the Isle of Man to refer to the island's Lord Proprietor and head of state.

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Lord Protector

Lord Protector (pl. Lords Protectors) is a title that has been used in British constitutional law for the head of state.

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Loss of supply

Loss of supply occurs where a government in a parliamentary democracy using the Westminster System or a system derived from it is denied a supply of treasury or exchequer funds, by whichever house or houses of parliament or head of state is constitutionally entitled to grant and deny supply.

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Louis-Jules Trochu

Louis-Jules Trochu (12 March 18157 October 1896) was a French military leader and politician.

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Loya jirga

In the Pashtunwali, a code of laws of the Pashtun peoples living in areas of Afghanistan and Pakistan and neighboring countries, loya jirga (لويه جرګه, "grand assembly") is a special type of jirga that is mainly organized for choosing a new head of state in case of sudden death, adopting a new constitution, or to settle national or regional issue such as war.

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Loyal toast

A loyal toast is a salute given to the head of state of the country in which a formal gathering is being given, or by expatriates of that country, whether or not the particular head of state is present.

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Loyola University New Orleans

Loyola University New Orleans is a private, co-educational, Jesuit university located in New Orleans, Louisiana.

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Luang Prabang

Louangphabang, (Lao: ຫລວງພະບາງ) or Luang Phabang (pronounced), commonly transliterated into Western languages from the pre-1975 Lao spelling ຫຼວງພຣະບາງ (ຣ.

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Luang Prabang Province

Luang Prabang (also Louangphabang, Lao ຫລວງພະບາງ) is a province of Laos, located in the north of the country.

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Ludwig Beck

Ludwig August Theodor Beck (29 June 1880 – 21 July 1944) was a German general and Chief of the German General Staff during the early years of the Nazi regime in Germany before World War II.

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Ludwig Erdwin Seyler

Ludwig Erdwin Seyler (15 May 1758 – 26 October 1836; also Ludewig and Edwin, known as Ludwig E. Seyler or L.E. Seyler) was a merchant, banker and politician of the sovereign city-state, and briefly French city, of Hamburg.

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Luis Eduardo Pérez

Luis Eduardo Pérez (1774 – August 30, 1841) was the first interim president of Uruguay.

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Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement

The Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement attempted to end the Second Congo War through a ceasefire, release of prisoners of war, and the deployment of an international peacekeeping force under the auspices of the United Nations.

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Luxembourg

Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg; Luxembourg, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in western Europe.

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Maajid Nawaz

Maajid Usman Nawaz (born 2 November 1977) is a British activist and politician.

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Machindra Kasture

Machindra Kasture (born August 12, 1962) is an Indian chef based in New Delhi.

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Magistrate

The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law.

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Mahamadou Danda

Mahamadou Danda (born 25 July 1951Maman Chaïbou, Répertoire biographique des personnalités de la classe politique, volume 2 (2000), page 463.) is a Nigerien political figure who was appointed as Prime Minister of Niger by the Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy (CSRD) on 23 February 2010 and left office on 7 April 2011.

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Mahmud Khudoiberdiyev

Colonel Mahmud Khudoiberdiyev (Tajik:Маҳмуд Худойбердиев; October 18, 1964 - 2001?) was a rebel leader in Tajikistan who, while initially an ally of Tajik President Emomali Rahmon, became an opposition figuere later on in his life.

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Majulah Singapura

Majulah Singapura (Onward Singapore;; முன்னேறட்டும் சிங்கப்பூர்) is the national anthem of Singapore.

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Makhmud Esambayev

Makhmud Alisultanovich Esambayev (Махмуд Алисултанович Эсамбаев) (July 15, 1924 – January 7, 2000) was a Chechen actor and dancer.

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Malacañang Palace

Malacañang Palace (officially Malacañan Palace, colloquially "Malacañang"; Palasyo ng Malacañang (or Malakanyang),; Palacio de Malacañán) is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the Philippines located in the capital city of Manila.

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Malawi

Malawi (or; or maláwi), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland.

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Malawi (1964–1966)

Malawi was a predecessor to the modern-day Republic of Malawi.

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Malaysia

Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia.

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Malaysia Bill

The Malaysia Bill is an annex of the Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore.

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Maldives

The Maldives (or; ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ Dhivehi Raa'jey), officially the Republic of Maldives, is a South Asian sovereign state, located in the Indian Ocean, situated in the Arabian Sea.

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Mali

Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (République du Mali), is a landlocked country in West Africa, a region geologically identified with the West African Craton.

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Malietoa Tanumafili II

Malietoa Tanumafili II (4 January 1912 – 11 May 2007), also called Susuga, was the Malietoa, the title of one of Samoa's four paramount chiefs, and the head of state, or O le Ao o le Malo, a position that he held for life, of Samoa from 1962 to 2007.

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Malik Ghulam Muhammad

Sir Malik Ghulam Muhammad (ملک غلام محمد 20 April 1895– 29 August 1956), was a Pakistani financier who served as the third Governor-General of Pakistan, appointed in this capacity in 1951 until being dismissed in 1955 due to health conditions.

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Malta

Malta, officially known as the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta), is a Southern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Mamata Banerjee ministry (2011–15)

The Council of Ministers of West Bengal is the collective decision-making body of the Government of West Bengal, composed of the Chief Minister and 34 Cabinet Ministers, the most senior of the government ministers.

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Mamie Eisenhower

Marie Geneva "Mamie" Doud Eisenhower (November 14, 1896 – November 1, 1979) was the wife of United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the First Lady of the United States from 1953 to 1961.

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Manhunt of Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán (2001–2016)

Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán, the former leader of the Sinaloa Cartel, dodged international manhunt for more than a decade after escaping from a maximum-security prison in the Mexican state of Jalisco in 2001.

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Manitoba Legislature

The Legislature of Manitoba is the legislature of the province of Manitoba, Canada.

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Manuel Caetano de Sousa

Manuel Caetano de Sousa (1738–1802) was a Portuguese architect.

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Manuel Fraga Iribarne

Manuel Fraga Iribarne (23 November 1922 – 15 January 2012) was a Spanish professor and politician in Francoist Spain, who was also the founder of the People's Party.

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March 4

No description.

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Marian Spychalski

Marian "Marek" Spychalski (6 December 1906 – 7 June 1980) was a Polish architect in pre-war Poland, and later, military commander and communist politician.

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Marianne Bernadotte

Gullan Marianne Bernadotte, Countess of Wisborg (née Lindberg; born 15 July 1924), also known as Princess Marianne Bernadotte, is a Swedish actress and philanthropist who in 1961 married Sigvard Bernadotte, the second son of King Gustaf VI Adolf.

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Mariano Montealegre Bustamante

Mariano Montealegre Bustamante (1783, Guatemala City - 1843) was the first diplomat and first vice head of state of Costa Rica.

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Maritime flag

A maritime flag is a flag designated for use on ships, boats, and other watercraft.

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Marthinus Wessel Pretorius

Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (17 September 1819 – 19 May 1901) was the first president of the South African Republic, and also compiled the constitution of the Republic.

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Martial law in the Philippines

Martial law in the Philippines (Batas Militar sa Pilipinas) refers to several intermittent periods in Philippine history wherein the Philippine head of state (such as the President) places an area under the control of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and its predecessor bodies.

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Masters of the World

Masters of the World, also known as Geo-Political Simulator 3, is the third installment of the Geo-political simulator series.

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Matt Savage

Matthew "Matt" Savage (born May 12, 1992) is an American autistic savant musician.

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Mauritius

Mauritius (or; Maurice), officially the Republic of Mauritius (République de Maurice), is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent.

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Mauritius (1968–1992)

Between independence in 1968 and becoming a republic in 1992, Mauritius was an independent sovereign state that shared its head of state with the United Kingdom and other states headed by Elizabeth II.

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Max Predöhl

Max Garlieb August Predöhl (29 March 1854 in Hamburg – 11 March 1923 in Hamburg) was a Hamburg lawyer and politician.

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May 16 coup

The May 16 military coup d'état was a military coup d'état in South Korea in 1961, organized and carried out by Park Chung-hee and his allies who formed the Military Revolutionary Committee, nominally led by Army Chief of Staff Chang Do-yong after the latter's acquiescence on the day of the coup.

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May 29

No description.

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Mayoralty in the United States

In the United States, there are several distinct types of mayors, depending on the system of local government.

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Measure of the National Assembly for Wales

A Measure of the National Assembly for Wales (informally, an Assembly Measure) is primary legislation in Wales that is a category lower than an Act of Parliament.

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Medal of the Armed Forces in the Service of the Fatherland

The Medal of the Armed Forces in the Service of the Fatherland (Medal Siły Zbrojne w Służbie Ojczyzny) is a Polish military decoration, awarded for long service and excellent work in the army.

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Meiji Constitution

The Constitution of the Empire of Japan (Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國憲法; Shinjitai: 大日本帝国憲法 Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kenpō), known informally as the Meiji Constitution (明治憲法 Meiji Kenpō), was the constitution of the Empire of Japan which had the proclamation on February 11, 1889, and had enacted since November 29, 1890 until May 2, 1947.

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Mende people

The Mende people (also spelled Mendi) are one of the two largest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone; their neighbours, the Temne people, have roughly the same population.

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Mexican Imperial Orders

There were three Imperial Orders of the Mexican Empire, created to reward those subjects loyal to the Monarchy during the two periods of the Mexican Empire – the Order of Guadalupe (la Orden de Guadalupe), the Order of the Mexican Eagle (la Orden del Águila Mexicana), and the Order of Saint Charles (la Orden de San Carlos).

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Michaëlle Jean

Michaëlle Jean (born September 6, 1957) is a Canadian stateswoman and former journalist who is the third and current Secretary-General of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, after succeeding Abdou Diouf in January 2015; she is the first woman to hold the position.

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Micheline Calmy-Rey

Micheline Anne-Marie Calmy-Rey (born 8 July 1945) is a Swiss politician.

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Mifta al-Usta Umar

Mifta al-Usta Umar (مفتاح الاسطى عمر) (1935-22 March 2010) was the General Secretary of Libya's General People's Congress from 15 February 1984 to 7 October 1990.

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Miguel Ponte

Luis Miguel Limia Ponte y Manso de Zúñiga, eighth Marqués de Bóveda de Limia (1882-1952) was a Spanish military leader who participated in the military uprising against the Second Spanish Republic which developed into the Spanish Civil War.

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Miguel Trovoada

Miguel dos Anjos da Cunha Lisboa Trovoada (born December 27, 1936) was Prime Minister (1975–1979) and President (1991–2001) of São Tomé and Príncipe.

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Mikhail Kalinin

Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (Михаи́л Ива́нович Кали́нин; 3 June 1946), known familiarly by Soviet citizens as "Kalinych", was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet Politician.

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Mikhail Kalinin-class passenger ship

The Mikhail Kalinin-class passenger ship (project 101, in Germany known as Seefa 340) is a class of Soviet ocean liners and cruise ships, operated by the Baltic State Shipping Company (BGMP), Far East Shipping Company (FESCO) and Black Sea Shipping Company (ChMMP or BLASCO).

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Military Air Transport Service

The Military Air Transport Service (MATS) is an inactive Department of Defense Unified Command.

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Military colours, standards and guidons

In military organizations, the practice of carrying colours, standards or guidons, both to act as a rallying point for troops and to mark the location of the commander, is thought to have originated in Ancient Egypt some 5,000 years ago.

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Military decorations of the Cold War

Between 1947 and 1991, during the years of the Cold War, a large number of military awards and decorations were created by various nations to recognize the undeclared hostilities of the era.

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Military funeral

A military funeral is a memorial or burial rite given by a country's military for a soldier, sailor, marine or airman who died in battle, a veteran, or other prominent military figures or heads of state.

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Military history of Luxembourg

The military history of Luxembourg is central to the formation of Luxembourg as a nation from its formation around Luxembourg Castle in 963.

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Military Order of Saint James of the Sword

The Military Order of Saint James of the Sword (Ordem Militar de Sant'Iago da Espada) is a Portuguese order of chivalry.

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Millennialism

Millennialism (from millennium, Latin for "a thousand years"), or chiliasm (from the Greek equivalent), is a belief advanced by some Christian denominations that a Golden Age or Paradise will occur on Earth in which Christ will reign for 1000 years prior to the final judgment and future eternal state (the "World to Come") of the New Heavens and New Earth.

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Millennium Summit

The Millennium Summit was a meeting among many world leaders lasting three days from 6 September to 8 September 2000 at the United Nations headquarters in New York City.

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Mining law

Mining law is the branch of law relating to the legal requirements affecting minerals and mining.

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Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)

The Minister for Foreign Affairs (commonly shortened to Foreign Minister) is the minister in the Government of Australia who is responsible for overseeing the international diplomacy section of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

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Minister of the Presidency of Costa Rica

The Ministry of the Presidency is a ministry of the Republic of Costa Rica created on 24 December 1961 through Law 2980.

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Minister-president

A minister-president or minister president is the head of government in a number of European countries or subnational governments with a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of government where he or she presides over the council of ministers.

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Ministry of Dáil Éireann

The Ministry of Dáil Éireann (Irish language: Aireacht Dáil Éireann) was the cabinet of the 1919–1922 Irish Republic.

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Mirrors for princes

Mirrors for princes (specula principum or rather, principum specula), or mirrors of princes, form a literary genre – in the loose sense of the word – of political writing during the Early Middle Ages, Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and are part of the broader speculum or mirror literature genre.

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Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu

Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah (born 22 January 1962) is the 17th and current Sultan of Terengganu.

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Moša Pijade

Moša Pijade (Мoшa Пиjaдe; 4 January 1890 – 15 March 1957), nicknamed Čiča Janko (Чича Јанко, lit. "Uncle Janko") was a prominent Serbian and Yugoslav communist, a close collaborator of Josip Broz Tito, former President of Yugoslavia, and full member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

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Model Arab League

Model Arab League, also known as MAL, is a multi-regional model competition in which high school and university students from across the world learn about and compete as representatives from Member States of the Arab League.

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Model European Communities Project

The Model European Communities Programme (MECP) is a yearly political simulation organised by the European Schools.

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Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla

Ret.

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Mohammad Hatta

Mohammad Hatta (12 August 1902 – 14 March 1980) was Indonesia's first vice president, later also serving as the country's prime minister.

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Mohammed Magariaf

Mohammed Yousef el-Magariaf, (also written as Magariaf, Elmegaryaf or Almegaryaf) or, as he writes on his official website, Dr.

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Mohammed Omar

Mullah Mohammed Omar (ملا محمد عمر, Mullā Muḥammad 'Umar; c. 1960 – 23 April 2013), widely known as Mullah Omar, was the supreme commander and spiritual leader of the Taliban.

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Mojtaba Saminejad

Mojtaba (Madyar) Saminejad (مجتبی سمیع نژاد, born 30 September 1980 in Tehran) is an Iranian blogger and writer.

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Moldova

Moldova (or sometimes), officially the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south (by way of the disputed territory of Transnistria).

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Monaco

Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco (Principauté de Monaco), is a sovereign city-state, country and microstate on the French Riviera in Western Europe.

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Monarch

A monarch is a sovereign head of state in a monarchy.

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Monarchies in Africa

There are many monarchies in Africa, defined as either actually or nominally self-governing states, territories, or nations on the continent of Africa where supreme power resides with an individual who is recognized as the head of state.

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Monarchies in Europe

Monarchy was the prevalent form of government in the history of Europe throughout the Middle Ages, only occasionally competing with communalism, notably in the case of the Maritime republics and the Swiss Confederacy.

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Monarchies in Oceania

There are six monarchies in Oceania; that is: self-governing sovereign states in Oceania where supreme power resides with an individual hereditary head, who is recognised as the head of state.

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Monarchies in the Americas

There are 13 monarchies in the Americas (self-governing states and territories that have a monarch as head of state).

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Monarchies of Malaysia

The monarchies of Malaysia refer to the constitutional monarchy system as practised in Malaysia.

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Monarchism

Monarchism is the advocacy of a monarch or monarchical rule.

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Monarchism in Canada

Canadian monarchism is a movement among Canadian monarchists for raising awareness of the constitutional monarchy among the Canadian public, and advocating for its retention, countering republican and anti-monarchical reform as being generally revisionist, idealistic, and ultimately impracticable.

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Monarchist League of Canada

The Monarchist League of Canada (Ligue monarchiste du Canada) is a nonprofit monarchist organization that describes itself as a "national patriotic society supporting Canada's constitutional monarchy." The League focuses on three areas: education, advocacy, and research.

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Monarchy in the Canadian provinces

The monarchy of Canada forms the core of each Canadian provincial jurisdiction's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy, being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government in each province.

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Monarchy in the Cook Islands

The Cook Islands are a constitutional monarchy within the Realm of New Zealand.

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Monarchy of Australia

The monarchy of Australia is a form of government in which a hereditary king or queen serves as the nation's sovereign.

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Monarchy of Belgium

The monarchy of Belgium is a constitutional, hereditary, and popular monarchy whose incumbent is titled the King or Queen of the Belgians (Koning(in) der Belgen, Roi / Reine des Belges, König(in) der Belgier) and serves as the country's head of state.

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Monarchy of Belize

The monarch of Belize is the head of state of Belize.

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Monarchy of Cambodia

The King of Cambodia (ព្រះមហាក្សត្រនៃព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, Roi du Royaume du Cambodge) is the head of state of the Kingdom of Cambodia.

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Monarchy of Canada

The monarchy of Canada is at the core of both Canada's federal structure and Westminster-style of parliamentary and constitutional democracy.

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Monarchy of Denmark

The Monarchy of Denmark, colloquially known as the Danish Monarchy, is a constitutional institution and a historic office of the Kingdom of Denmark.

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Monarchy of Fiji

The monarchy of Fiji arose in the mid-nineteenth century when native ruler Seru Epenisa Cakobau consolidated control of the Fijian Islands and declared himself King or paramount chief of Fiji (Tui Viti).

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Monarchy of Grenada

The monarch of Grenada is the head of state of Grenada.

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Monarchy of Ireland

A monarchical system of government existed in Ireland from ancient times until, for what became the Republic of Ireland, the mid-twentieth century.

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Monarchy of Liechtenstein

The Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (German: Fürst von Liechtenstein) is the monarch and head of state of Liechtenstein.

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Monarchy of Luxembourg

The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the monarchical head of state of Luxembourg.

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Monarchy of Monaco

The Sovereign Prince or Princess of Monaco is the reigning monarch and head of state of the Principality of Monaco.

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Monarchy of New Zealand

The monarchy of New Zealand is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of New Zealand.

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Monarchy of Norway

The Norwegian monarch is the monarchical head of state of Norway, which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system.

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Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Kitts and Nevis is a constitutional monarchy in which a monarch is head of state.

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Monarchy of Saint Lucia

The monarchy of Saint Lucia is a system of government in which a hereditary, constitutional monarch is the sovereign of Saint Lucia.

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Monarchy of Spain

The monarchy of Spain (Monarquía de España), constitutionally referred to as the Crown (La Corona), is a constitutional institution and historic office of Spain.

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Monarchy of Sweden

The Monarchy of Sweden concerns the monarchical head of state of Sweden,See the Instrument of Government, Chapter 1, Article 5.

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Monarchy of Thailand

The monarchy of Thailand (whose monarch is referred to as the King of Thailand or historically as the King of Siam; พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย) refers to the constitutional monarchy and monarch of the Kingdom of Thailand (formerly Siam). The King of Thailand is the head of state and head of the ruling Royal House of Chakri. Although the current Chakri Dynasty was created in 1782, the existence of the institution of monarchy in Thailand is traditionally considered to have its roots from the founding of the Sukhothai Kingdom in 1238, with a brief interregnum from the death of Ekkathat to the accession of Taksin in the 18th century. The institution was transformed into a constitutional monarchy in 1932 after the bloodless Siamese Revolution of 1932. The monarchy's official ceremonial residence is the Grand Palace in Bangkok, while the private residence has been at the Dusit Palace. The King of Thailand's titles include Head of State, Head of the Royal Thai Armed Forces, Adherent of Buddhism and Upholder of religions.

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Monarchy of the Bahamas

The monarchy of the Bahamas is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas.

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Monarchy of the Netherlands

The monarchy of the Netherlands is constitutional and as such, the role and position of the monarch are defined and limited by the Constitution of the Netherlands.

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Monarchy of the Solomon Islands

The monarchy of the Solomon Islands is a system of government in which a constitutional monarch is the head of state of Solomon Islands.

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Monarchy of the United Kingdom

The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom, its dependencies and its overseas territories.

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Monarchy of Tuvalu

The monarchy of Tuvalu is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of Tuvalu.

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Mongolia–Russia relations

The bilateral relations between Mongolia and the Russian Federation (Монгол Оросын харилцаа; Российско-монгольские отношения) have been traditionally strong since the Communist era, when the Soviet Union supported Mongolian People's Republic.

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Monseigneur

Monseigneur (plural: Messeigneurs or Monseigneurs) is an honorific in the French language, abbreviated Mgr., Msgr.

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Montenegro

Montenegro (Montenegrin: Црна Гора / Crna Gora, meaning "Black Mountain") is a sovereign state in Southeastern Europe.

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Monterrey Special Summit of the Americas

The Special Summit of the Americas was held on January 12 and 13, 2004 in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.

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Montu Saini

Montu Saini (born 5 August 1982) is an Indian chef based in New Delhi.

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Morality in Islam

Morality in Islam is a comprehensive term that serves to include the concept of righteousness, good character, and the body of moral qualities and virtues prescribed in Islamic religious texts.

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Motherland (anthem)

"Motherland" (Mère Patrie) is the national anthem of Mauritius.

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Motion of no confidence

A motion of no confidence (alternatively vote of no confidence, no-confidence motion, or (unsuccessful) confidence motion) is a statement or vote which states that a person(s) in a position of responsibility (government, managerial, etc.) is no longer deemed fit to hold that position, perhaps because they are inadequate in some respect, are failing to carry out obligations, or are making decisions that other members feel are detrimental.

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Mourning

Mourning is, in the simplest sense, grief over someone's death.

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Mr. President (title)

The title "Mr.

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MS Mikhail Kalinin

MS Mikhail Kalinin was an ocean liner owned by the Soviet Union's Baltic State Shipping Company.

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Muhammad (name)

Muhammad (محمد) is the primary transliteration of the Arabic given name that comes from the passive participle of the Arabic verb ḥammada (حَمَّدَ), praise, which comes from the triconsonantal root Ḥ-M-D. The word can therefore be translated as "praised, commendable, laudable".

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Muhammad az-Zanati

Muhammad al-Zanati was the head of state of Libya from 18 November 1992 until 3 March 2008.

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Muhammad V of Kelantan

Sultan Muhammad V (born 6 October 1969) is the 15th and the current Yang di-Pertuan Agong (head of state) of Malaysia and the Sultan of Kelantan.

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Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (12 August 1924 – 17 August 1988) was a Pakistani four-star general who served as the 6th President of Pakistan from 1978 until his death in 1988, after declaring martial law in 1977.

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Mukden Incident

The Mukden Incident, or Manchurian Incident, was a staged event engineered by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for the Japanese invasion in 1931 of northeastern China, known as Manchuria.

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Muntadhar al-Zaidi

Muntadhar al-Zaidi (منتظر الزيدي Muntaẓar az-Zaydī; born 15 January 1979) is an Iraqi broadcast journalist who served as a correspondent for Iraqi-owned, Egyptian-based Al-Baghdadia TV.

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Murad I

Murad I (مراد اول; I. (nicknamed Hüdavendigâr, from Persian: خداوندگار, Khodāvandgār, "the devotee of God" – but meaning "sovereign" in this context); 29 June 1326 – 15 June 1389) was the Ottoman Sultan from 1362 to 1389.

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Murder

Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human being with malice aforethought.

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Murphy Report

The Murphy Report is the brief name of the report of a Commission of investigation conducted by the Irish government into the sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Dublin.

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Musavat

The Müsavat Party (Müsavat Partiyası, from Arabic مساواة musāwāt, meaning "equality, parity", Equality Party) is the oldest existing political party in Azerbaijan.

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Museum of the Imperial Palace of Manchukuo

The Museum of the Imperial Palace of Manchukuo is a museum in the northeastern corner of Changchun, Jilin province, northeast China.

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Myechyslaw Hryb

Myechyslaw Ivanavich Hryb (Мечыслаў Іванавіч Грыб,, Мечислав Иванович Гриб, born on 25 September 1938) was the eleventh Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Belarus from 28 January 1994 to 10 January 1996.

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Naczelnik Państwa

Naczelnik Państwa (Chief of State) was the title of Poland's head of state in the early years of the Second Polish Republic.

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Name of Hungary

Hungary, the name in English for the country of the same name, is an exonym derived from the Medieval Latin Hungaria.

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Namibia

Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia (German:; Republiek van Namibië), is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean.

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Nanuli Shevardnadze

Nanuli Shevardnadze (ნანული შევარდნაძე) née Tsagareishvili (ცაგარეიშვილი) (9 March 1929 – 20 October 2004) was a Soviet and Georgian journalist and activist.

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Napoleon III

Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the President of France from 1848 to 1852 and as Napoleon III the Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870.

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Narvacan

, officially the, is a settlement_text in the province of,. According to the, it has a population of people.

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Nasir I of Kalat

Mir Noori Naseer Khan Brahui was the Khan (head of state) of the princely state of Kalat in what is now the Balochistan province of Pakistan during the eighteenth century.

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National Assembly (Vietnam)

The National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Quốc hội nước Cộng hoà xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam) is Vietnam's legislative body.

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National coat of arms

A national coat of arms is a symbol which denotes an independent state in the form of a heraldic achievement.

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National colours of Italy

The national colours of Italy are green, white, and red, collectively known in Italian as il tricolore (the tricolour).

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National Day (Cameroon)

National Day is a holiday in Cameroon celebrated on 20 May.

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National Front for the Salvation of Libya

The National Front for the Salvation of Libya (NFSL) was a political opposition group active during the rule of the Gaddafi regime in Libya.

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National Independence Day (Poland)

National Independence Day (Narodowe Święto Niepodległości) is a national day in Poland celebrated on 11 November to commemorate the anniversary of the restoration of Poland's sovereignty as the Second Polish Republic in 1918 from the German, Austrian and Russian Empires.

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National Order of Merit (Brazil)

The National Order of Merit (Ordem Nacional do Mérito) is a decoration created to reward Brazilian citizens over 25 years of age who have rendered services relevant to the Brazilian nation, and foreigners who, according to the government, are worthy of this distinction.

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National Parliament (East Timor)

The National Parliament (Parlamentu Nasionál, Parlamento Nacional) is the unicameral national legislature in East Timor.

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National symbol

A national symbol is a symbol of any entity considering itself and manifesting itself to the world as a national community: the sovereign states but also nations and countries in a state of colonial or other dependence, (con)federal integration, or even an ethnocultural community considered a 'nationality' despite having no political autonomy.

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National symbols of Luxembourg

There are a number of national symbols of Luxembourg, representing Luxembourg or its people in either official or unofficial capacities.

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NATO summit

A NATO summit is a summit meeting that is regarded as a periodic opportunity for Heads of State and Heads of Government of NATO member countries to evaluate and provide strategic direction for Alliance activities.

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NATO-1 visa

The NATO-1 visa is a non-immigrant visa which allows representatives from NATO member states, their official staff, and their immediate family members to travel to United States.

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Nauru

Nauru (Naoero, or), officially the Republic of Nauru (Repubrikin Naoero) and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island country in Micronesia, a subregion of Oceania, in the Central Pacific.

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Navaandorjiin Jadambaa

Navaandorjiin Jadambaa (Mongolian: Наваандоржийн Жадамбаа) was the first republican Head of State of Mongolia.

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Ndlovukati

Ndlovukati (literally, "She-Elephant", pl. tiNdlovukati; also spelled Indovuzaki) is the Swazi title for the female head of state of Swaziland and is roughly equivalent to a Queen Mother or Senior Queen in other countries.

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Nepal

Nepal (नेपाल), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल), is a landlocked country in South Asia located mainly in the Himalayas but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.

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New Brunswick Legislature

The New Brunswick Legislature is the legislature of the province of New Brunswick, Canada.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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New Zealand Canadians

New Zealand Canadians are Canadian citizens of New Zealand descent or New Zealand-born people who reside in Canada.

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Nguyễn dynasty

The Nguyễn dynasty or House of Nguyễn (Nhà Nguyễn; Hán-Nôm:, Nguyễn triều) was the last ruling family of Vietnam.

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Nguyễn Khánh

Nguyễn Khánh (November 8, 1927 – January 11, 2013) was a South Vietnamese military officer and Army of the Republic of Vietnam general who served in various capacities as head of state and prime minister of South Vietnam while at the head of a military junta from January 1964 until February 1965.

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Nguyen Huu Chanh

Nguyễn Hữu Chánh (chữ Hán: 阮有政; born October 1, 1952) is the Vietnamese-American founder of anti-communist organization Government of Free Vietnam (GFVN), in which he served as its prime minister.

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Nibiru cataclysm

The Nibiru cataclysm is a supposed disastrous encounter between the Earth and a large planetary object (either a collision or a near-miss) which certain groups believe will take place in the early 21st century.

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Nicaragua

Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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Nigeria

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north.

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Nikolai Podgorny

Nikolai Viktorovich Podgorny (p, Микола Вікторович Підгорний; – 12 January 1983) was a Soviet Ukrainian statesman during the Cold War.

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Nino Burjanadze

Nino Burjanadze (Georgian: ნინო ბურჯანაძე, also romanized Burdzhanadze or Burdjanadze, born 16 July 1964) is a Georgian politician and lawyer who served as Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia from November 2001 to June 2008.

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Ninth East Asia Summit

The Ninth East Asia Summit was held in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar (Burma) on November 12–13, 2014.

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Nishan-e-Imtiaz

The Nishan-i-Imtiaz (نشان امتیاز, English: Order of Excellence) is one of the state organized civil decorations of State of Pakistan.

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Niue

Niue (Niuean: Niuē) is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean, northeast of New Zealand, east of Tonga, south of Samoa, and west of the Cook Islands.

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Non-Aligned News Agencies Pool

The Non-Aligned News Agencies Pool (NANAP) was a cooperation system among news agencies of Non-Aligned countries, which lasted from 1975 to mid-1990s.

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Non-partisan democracy

Nonpartisan democracy (also no-party democracy) is a system of representative government or organization such that universal and periodic elections take place without reference to political parties.

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Non-sovereign monarchy

A non-sovereign monarchy is one in which the head of the monarchical polity (whether a geographic territory or an ethnic group), and the polity itself, are subject to a temporal authority higher than their own.

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Nordic countries

The Nordic countries or the Nordics are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic, where they are most commonly known as Norden (literally "the North").

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North German Constitution

The North German Constitution was the constitution of the North German Confederation, which existed as a country from 1 July 1867 to 31 December 1870.

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Northern Cyprus

Northern Cyprus (Kuzey Kıbrıs), officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC; Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti), is a partially recognised state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus.

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Norway

Norway (Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a unitary sovereign state whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.

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November 6

No description.

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Ntfombi of Swaziland

Queen Mother Ntfombi, Ndlovukati of Swaziland (born Ntfombi Tfwala c. 1950), has been the Ndlovukati and Joint Head of State of Swaziland since 1986.

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Nuclear weapon

A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb).

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Nuremberg principles

The Nuremberg principles were a set of guidelines for determining what constitutes a war crime.

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O le Ao o le Malo

O le Ao o le Malo (Samoan: "Chieftain of the Government"; Ao is a title generally reserved for chiefs (matai), while malo means "government") is the Samoan head of state.

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O'Donohue v Canada

O'Donohue v Canada was a legal challenge to the exclusion of Roman Catholics from the throne of Canada.

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Oath of Allegiance (United Kingdom)

The Oath of Allegiance (Judicial or Official Oath) is a promise to be loyal to the British monarch, and his or her heirs and successors, sworn by certain public servants in the United Kingdom, and also by newly naturalised subjects in citizenship ceremonies.

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Oath of Citizenship (Canada)

The Oath of Citizenship, or Citizenship Oath (in serment de citoyenneté), is a statement recited and signed by those who apply to become citizens of Canada.

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Oba of Benin

The Oba of Benin is the traditional ruler of the Edo people and all Edoid people and head of the historic Eweka dynasty of the Benin Empire - a West African empire centred on Benin City, in modern-day Nigeria.

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Oceania

Oceania is a geographic region comprising Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia and Australasia.

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October 1975

The following events occurred in October 1975.

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Oder–Neisse line

The Oder–Neisse line (granica na Odrze i Nysie Łużyckiej, Oder-Neiße-Grenze) is the international border between Germany and Poland.

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Office of the President (Austria)

The Office of the President (Österreichische Präsidentschaftskanzlei) of Austria is an institution that assists the President with fulfilling his tasks as Head of State.

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Officer (armed forces)

An officer is a member of an armed force or uniformed service who holds a position of authority.

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Officer of the United States

An officer of the United States is a functionary of the executive or judicial branches of the federal government of the United States to whom is delegated some part of the country's sovereign power.

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Official Portraits

Official Portraits is a book published by Berlin Press in 2004.

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Official residence

An official residence is the residence at which a nation's head of state, head of government, governor or other senior figure officially resides.

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Official state car

An official state car is a car used by a government to transport its head of state or head of government in an official capacity, which may also be used occasionally to transport other members of the government or visiting dignitaries from other countries.

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Olga Rudge

Olga Rudge (13 April 1895 – 15 March 1996) was an American-born concert violinist, now mainly remembered as the long-time mistress of the poet Ezra Pound, by whom she had a daughter, Mary.

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Olusegun Obasanjo

Chief Olusegun Mathew Okikiola Aremu Obasanjo, GCFR, Ph.D. (Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́; born 5 May 1937) is a former Nigerian Army general who was President of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007.

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Olympic Games ceremony

Olympic Games ceremonies of the Ancient Olympic Games were an integral part of these Games; the modern Olympic games have opening, closing and medal ceremonies.

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Omar al-Bashir

Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir (عمر حسن أحمد البشير; pronunciation:; born 1944) is a Sudanese politician who is currently the seventh president of Sudan and head of the National Congress Party.

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Omer Nishani

Doctor Omer Nishani (5 February 1887 – 26 May 1954) was an Albanian political figure involved first in the struggle against Ahmet Zogu (known after 1928 as King Zog) in the 1920s and 1930s, and then in the struggle against the fascist occupation of Albania during the 1942–4 period, becoming the Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of the People's Republic of Albania (thereby becoming the country's head of state) in 1946 and serving in this position until 1953.

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Omukama of Bunyoro

Omukama of Bunyoro is the title given to rulers of the East African kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara.

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Order of Merit (Lebanon)

The Order of Merit is a Lebanese order of merit established in 16 January 1922.

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Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is the only federal decoration of Germany.

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Order of Ojaswi Rajanya

The Most Glorious Order of the Ojaswi Rajanya (Ojaswi Rajanyako Manapadvi) was an order of knighthood of Nepal.

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Order of Pope Pius IX

The Order of Pope Pius IX (Ordine di Pio IX), also referred as the Pian Order (Ordine Piano), is a papal order of knighthood founded on 17 June 1847 by Pope Pius IX.

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Order of precedence

Order of precedence is a sequential hierarchy of nominal importance of persons.

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Order of precedence in the Republic of Ireland

The Republic of Ireland has limited use of order of precedence.

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Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)

The Order of St John, formally the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (l'ordre très vénérable de l'Hôpital de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem) and also known as St John International, is a British royal order of chivalry first constituted in 1888 by royal charter from Queen Victoria.

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Order of Saint Stephen

The Order of Saint Stephen (Official: Sacro Militare Ordine di Santo Stefano Papa e Martire, "Holy Military Order of St. Stephen Pope and Martyr") is a Roman Catholic Tuscan dynastic military order founded in 1561.

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Order of St. Gregory the Great

The Pontifical Equestrian Order of St.

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Order of St. Sylvester

The Pontifical Equestrian Order of Saint Sylvester Pope and Martyr (Ordo Sancti Silvestri Papae, Ordine di San Silvestro Papa), sometimes referred to as the Sylvestrine Order, or the Pontifical Order of Pope Saint Sylvester, is one of five Orders of Knighthood awarded directly by the Pope as Supreme Pontiff and head of the Catholic Church and as the Head of State of Vatican City.

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Order of succession

An order of succession is the sequence of those entitled to hold a high office such as head of state or an honour such as a title of nobility in the order in which they stand in line to it when it becomes vacated.

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Order of the Aztec Eagle

The Order of the Aztec Eagle (Orden Mexicana del Águila Azteca) forms part of the Mexican Honours System and is the highest Mexican order awarded to foreigners in the country.

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Order of the British Empire

The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations, and public service outside the Civil service.

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Order of the Caribbean Community

The Order of the Caribbean Community is an award given to The award was initiated at the Eighth (8th) Conference of Heads of State and Governments of CARICOM in 1987 and began bestowal in 1992.

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Order of the Chrysanthemum

is Japan's highest order.

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Order of the Holy Sepulchre

The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem (Ordo Equestris Sancti Sepulcri Hierosolymitani, OESSH), also called Order of the Holy Sepulchre or Knights of the Holy Sepulchre, is a Roman Catholic order of knighthood under the protection of the Holy See.

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Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa

The Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa (also known as The Order of Our Lady of Conception of Vila Vicosa) (in Ordem de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Vila Viçosa) is a dynastic order of knighthood of the House of Braganza, the former Portuguese Royal Family.

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Order of the Nile

The Order of the Nile (Kiladat El Nil) was established in 1915 and served as one of the Kingdom of Egypt’s principal orders until the monarchy was abolished in 1953.

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Order of the Star of Jordan

The Order of the Star of Jordan (Wisam al-Kawkab al-Urduni) or The Order of Hussein ibn Ali (Wisam al-Hussein ibn Ali) is an award and military decoration of the sovereign state of Jordan and is awarded for military or civil merit.

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Order of the State of Republic of Turkey

The Order of the State of Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Nişanı) is the highest state order awarded to foreign nationals by the President of the Republic of Turkey.

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Order of the Tower and Sword

The Military Order of the Tower and of the Sword, of Valour, Loyalty and Merit (Ordem Militar da Torre e Espada do Valor, Lealdade e Mérito) is a Portuguese order of knighthood and the pinnacle of the Portuguese honours system.

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Order of the Yugoslav Star

Order of the Yugoslav Star (Orden jugoslavenske zvijezde; Орден југословенске звезде; Red jugoslovanske zvezde; Орден југословенска ѕвезда) was the highest National order of merit awarded in Yugoslavia.

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Order of Timor-Leste

The Order of Timor-Leste (Ordem de Timor-Leste) is the highest honour currently awarded by East Timor.

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Orders, decorations and medals of South Africa

South African orders, decorations and medals are those military and civilian orders, decorations and medals issued by the Government of South Africa.

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Orders, decorations, and medals of Greece

The Greek honors system goes back to 1829 and the establishment of the Order of the Redeemer at the Fourth National Assembly at Argos.

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Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See

The orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See include titles, chivalric orders, distinctions and medals honoured by the Holy See, with the Pope as the fount of honour, for deeds and merits of their recipients to the benefit of the Holy See, the Catholic Church, or their respective communities, societies, nations and the world at large.

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Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom

The British honours system is a means of rewarding individuals' personal bravery, achievement, or service to the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories.

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Orders, decorations, and medals of Uganda

The Ugandan Honours System consists of orders and medals awarded for exemplary service to the nation.

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Ordinary law

An ordinary law is a normal law, generally distinguished from a constitutional law, organic law, or other similar law.

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Oskar R. Lange

Oskar Ryszard Lange (27 July 1904 – 2 October 1965) was a Polish economist and diplomat.

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Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado

Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado (April 17, 1919 – June 23, 1983) was a Cuban politician who served as the President of Cuba from 1959 until 1976.

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Otto Meissner

Otto Lebrecht Eduard Daniel Meissner (13 March 1880, Bischwiller, Alsace – 27 May 1953, Munich) was head of the Office of the President of Germany during the entire period of the Weimar Republic under Friedrich Ebert and Paul von Hindenburg and, finally, at the beginning of the Nazi government under Adolf Hitler.

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Otto Skorzeny

Otto Skorzeny (12 June 19085 July 1975) was an Austrian born SS-Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel) in the Waffen-SS during World War II.

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Ottoman Tunisia

Ottoman Tunis refers to the episode of the Turkish presence in Ifriqiya during the course of three centuries from the 16th century until the 18th century, when Tunis was officially integrated into the Ottoman Empire as the Eyalet of Tunis (province).

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Outcast (Star Wars novel)

Outcast is a novel by Aaron Allston that was released on March 24, 2009.

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Outline of Abkhazia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Abkhazia: Abkhazia – de facto independent state located in Eurasia whose de jure sovereignty is only recognized by Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Nauru and the disputed states of South Ossetia and Transnistria.

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Outline of Afghanistan

The location of Afghanistan An enlargeable map of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Afghanistan: Afghanistan – landlocked sovereign country located in Central Asia.

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Outline of Akrotiri and Dhekelia

The location of Akrotiri and Dhekelia An enlargeable map of the Island of Cyprus showing Akrotiri and Dhekelia An enlargeable map of Akrotiri An enlargeable map of Dhekelia The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Akrotiri and Dhekelia: Akrotiri and Dhekelia – British Overseas Territory on the island of Cyprus, administered as a Sovereign Base Area.

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Outline of Albania

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Albania: Republic of Albania – sovereign country located on the Balkan Peninsula in Southern Europe.

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Outline of Algeria

The location of Algeria An enlargeable relief map of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Algeria: Algeria – former French colony and the largest country in Africa, located in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.

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Outline of American Samoa

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to American Samoa: American Samoa – unincorporated territory located in the South Pacific Ocean southeast of the Independent State of Samoa.

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Outline of Andorra

The location of Andorra An enlargeable map of the Principality of Andorra The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Andorra: Principality of Andorra – small landlocked sovereign country located in the eastern Pyrenees Mountains of Southern Europe and bordered by Spain and France.

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Outline of Angola

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Angola: Angola – country in southern Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city.

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Outline of Anguilla

The location of Anguilla An enlargeable map of the British Overseas Territory of Anguilla The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Anguilla: Anguilla – one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin.

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Outline of Antigua and Barbuda

The following outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to Antigua and Barbuda: Antigua and Barbuda – twin-island nation lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

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Outline of Argentina

The following outline is provided as an overview of, and introduction to Argentina: Argentina – country in South America, the continent's second largest by land area, after Brazil.

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Outline of Armenia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Armenia: Armenia – landlocked mountainous country, located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Outline of Aruba

The location of Aruba An enlargeable map of Aruba of the Kingdom of the Netherlands The following outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to Aruba: Aruba – Caribbean island nation that is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

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Outline of Arunachal Pradesh

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Arunachal Pradesh: Arunachal Pradesh – north-eastern-most state of the Republic of India.

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Outline of Ascension Island

The location of Ascension Island An enlargeable map of Ascension Island The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Ascension Island: Ascension Island – island in the South Atlantic Ocean, around 966 miles (1,600 km) from the coast of Africa.

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Outline of Austria

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Austria: Austria – landlocked sovereign country located in Central Europe.

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Outline of Azerbaijan

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Azerbaijan: Azerbaijan – largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia, and one of the most progressive and secular Islamic societies.

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Outline of Bahrain

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Bahrain: Bahrain – Islamic sovereign island nation located in the Persian Gulf.

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Outline of Barbados

The location of Barbados An enlargeable relief map of Barbados The following outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to Barbados: Barbados – sovereign island country in the Lesser Antilles.

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Outline of Belarus

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Belarus: Belarus is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe.

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Outline of Belgium

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Belgium: Belgium – sovereign country located in northwest Europe.

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Outline of Belize

The following outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to Belize: Belize – country located on the north eastern coast of Central America and the only country in the area where English is the official language, although Kriol and Spanish are more commonly spoken.

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Outline of Benin

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Benin: Benin – country in West Africa.

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Outline of Bermuda

The location of Bermuda An enlargeable map of the British Overseas Territory of the Bermuda Islands The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Bermuda: Bermuda – a British overseas territory located in the North Atlantic Ocean.

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Outline of Bhutan

The location of Bhutan An enlargeable map of the Kingdom of Bhutan The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Bhutan: Bhutan – landlocked sovereign country located in South Asia.

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Outline of Bihar

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Bihar: Bihar – state in East India.

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Outline of Bolivia

188px An enlargeable map of the Plurinational State of Bolivia The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Bolivia: Bolivia – landlocked sovereign country located in central South America.

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Outline of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The location of Bosnia and Herzegovina An enlargeable map of the Bosnia and Herzegovina The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Bosnia and Herzegovina: Bosnia and Herzegovina – country in Southwestern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula.

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Outline of Botswana

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Botswana: Botswana – a landlocked sovereign country located in Southern Africa.

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Outline of Brazil

188px An enlargeable relief map of the Federative Republic of Brazil The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Brazil: Brazil – largest country in both South America and the Latin America region.

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Outline of Brunei

The location of Brunei An enlargeable map of the State of Brunei, Abode of Peace The following outline is provided as an overview of and a topical guide to Brunei: Brunei is a sovereign country located on the north coast of the Island of Borneo in Southeast Asia.

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Outline of Bulgaria

The location of Bulgaria An enlargeable relief map of the Republic of Bulgaria The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Bulgaria: Bulgaria – country located in Southeastern Europe, and a member of the European Union.

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Outline of Burkina Faso

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Burkina Faso: Burkina Faso – landlocked sovereign country located in West Africa.

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Outline of Burundi

The location of Burundi An enlargeable map of the Republic of Burundi The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Burundi: The Republic of Burundi is a small sovereign country located in the Great Lakes region of Africa.

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Outline of Cambodia

The location of Cambodia An enlargeable map of the Kingdom of Cambodia The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Cambodia: Cambodia – a sovereign country located in Southeast Asia with a population of over 13 million people.

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Outline of Canada

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Canada: Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories.

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Outline of Cape Verde

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Cape Verde: Cape Verde – sovereign country located on an archipelago in the Macaronesia ecoregion of the North Atlantic Ocean, off the western coast of Africa.

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Outline of Chhattisgarh

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Chhattisgarh: Chhattisgarh – state in central India.

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Outline of Chile

188px An enlargeable relief map of the Republic of Chile The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Chile: Chile – country in South America occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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Outline of China

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to China: The People's Republic of China is the most extensive country in East Asia and the third or fourth most extensive country in the world.

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Outline of Colombia

188px An enlargeable relief map of the Republic of Colombia The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Colombia: Colombia – tropical equatorial country located in northern South America.

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Outline of Comoros

The location of the Comoros An enlargeable map of the Union of the Comoros The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Comoros: Comoros – sovereign island nation located in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Africa on the northern end of the Mozambique Channel between northern Madagascar and northeastern Mozambique.

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Outline of Costa Rica

The location of Costa Rica An enlargeable relief map of the Republic of Costa Rica The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Costa Rica: Costa Rica – sovereign country located in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the east-southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, and the Caribbean Sea to the east.

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Outline of Croatia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Croatia: Croatia – unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of Central Europe, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean.

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Outline of Cuba

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Cuba: Cuba – island country in the Caribbean.

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Outline of Cyprus

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Cyprus: Cyprus – Eurasian island country located in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and Lebanon, northwest of Israel and north of Egypt.

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Outline of Denmark

The following outline is provided as an overview, and topical guide to Denmark.

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Outline of Djibouti

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Djibouti: Djibouti – country located in the Horn of Africa.

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Outline of Dominica

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Dominica: Dominica – sovereign island nation located in the Caribbean Sea.

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Outline of East Timor

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to East Timor: East Timor – sovereign island nation located in Southeast Asia.

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Outline of Ecuador

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Ecuador: Ecuador – representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, by Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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Outline of Egypt

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Egypt: Egypt (مصر) is a sovereign country located in eastern North Africa that includes the Sinai Peninsula, a land bridge to Asia.

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Outline of El Salvador

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to El Salvador: El Salvador – sovereign country located on the Pacific Coast of Central America.

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Outline of Equatorial Guinea

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Equatorial Guinea: Equatorial Guinea – sovereign country located on the Gulf of Guinea in Middle Africa.

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Outline of Eritrea

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Eritrea: Eritrea – country in the Horn of Africa.

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Outline of Estonia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Estonia: Estonia – state of 1.29 million people in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.

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Outline of Ethiopia

Ethiopia is a landlocked sovereign country located in the Horn of Africa.

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Outline of Fiji

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Fiji: Republic of Fiji – sovereign island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean east of Vanuatu, west of Tonga and south of Tuvalu.

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Outline of Finland

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Finland.

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Outline of France

The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide of France: France – country in Western Europe with several overseas regions and territories.

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Outline of French Polynesia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to French Polynesia: French Polynesia – French overseas collectivity located in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Outline of Gabon

The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to Gabon (the Gabonese Republic): Gabon – country in west central Africa sharing borders with the Gulf of Guinea to the west, Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, and Cameroon to the north, with the Republic of the Congo curving around the east and south.

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Outline of Georgia (country)

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Georgia: Georgia (country) – country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia, located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe.

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Outline of Germany

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Germany: Germany – federal parliamentary republic in western-central Europe consisting of 16 constituent states, which retain limited sovereignty.

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Outline of Ghana

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Ghana: Ghana – sovereign country in West Africa in Africa.

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Outline of Gibraltar

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Gibraltar: Gibraltar – British Overseas Territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula of Southeastern Europe overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar between the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean.

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Outline of Goa

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Goa: Goa – state in southwest India, bounded by Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its western coast.

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Outline of Greece

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Greece: Greece – sovereign country located on the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula in Southern Europe.

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Outline of Greenland

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Greenland: Greenland – autonomous Nordic nation that is a constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark.

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Outline of Grenada

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Grenada: Grenada – sovereign island nation that comprises the Island of Grenada and the southern Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea.

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Outline of Guam

The location of Guam Guam The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Guam: Guam – organized, unincorporated territory of the United States of America that comprises the island of Guam in the western North Pacific Ocean.

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Outline of Guatemala

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Guatemala: Guatemala – sovereign country located in Central America bordering Mexico to the northwest, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize and the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast.

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Outline of Guernsey

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Guernsey: The Bailiwick of Guernsey – British Crown dependency located in the Channel Islands off the coast of Normandy.

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Outline of Guinea

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Guinea: Guinea – country located in West Africa, that was formerly known as French Guinea.

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Outline of Guinea-Bissau

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Guinea-Bissau: Guinea-Bissau – country located in West Africa.

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Outline of Gujarat

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Gujarat: Gujarat – state in Western India, sometimes referred to as the "Jewel of Western India".

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Outline of Guyana

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Guyana: Guyana – previously known as British Guiana, is the only nation state of the Commonwealth of Nations on the mainland of South America.

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Outline of Haiti

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Haiti: The Haiti – sovereign country located on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago.

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Outline of Himachal Pradesh

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Himachal Pradesh: Himachal Pradesh – state in North India.

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Outline of Honduras

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Honduras: Honduras – sovereign country located in Central America.

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Outline of Hong Kong

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Hong Kong: Hong Kong – one of two special administrative regions of China, the other being Macau.

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Outline of Hungary

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Hungary: Hungary – landlocked sovereign country located in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordering Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia.

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Outline of India

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to India: India – seventh-largest country by area, located on the Indian subcontinent in South Asia.

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Outline of Indonesia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Indonesia: Indonesia – sovereign island nation located in Southeast Asia comprising more than 17,000 islands of the Maritime Southeast Asia.

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Outline of Iran

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Iran: Iran – sovereign country located in Southwest Asia and the Middle East.

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Outline of Iraq

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Iraq: Iraq – sovereign country located in Western Asia.

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Outline of Israel

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Israel: Israel – country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.

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Outline of Italy

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Italy: Italy – unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe, located primarily upon the Italian Peninsula.

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Outline of Ivory Coast

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Ivory Coast: Ivory Coast – country in West Africa.

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Outline of Jamaica

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Jamaica: Jamaica – sovereign island nation located on the Island of Jamaica of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea.

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Outline of Jammu and Kashmir

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Jammu and Kashmir: Jammu and Kashmir – state in northern India, often denoted by the acronym J&K.

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Outline of Jersey

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Jersey: Jersey – British Crown dependency located in the Channel Islands off the coast of Normandy.

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Outline of Jharkhand

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Jharkhand: Jharkhand – state in eastern India carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000.

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Outline of Jordan

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Jordan: Jordan – country located in Southwest Asia, bordering Syria to the north, Iraq to the north-east, Israel and the Palestinian territories to the west, and Saudi Arabia to the east and south.

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Outline of Karnataka

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Karnataka: Karnataka is the 7th biggest, 8th most populous, 13th highest and 16th most literate state of the 28 states of the democratic Republic of India.

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Outline of Kazakhstan

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Kazakhstan: The Republic of Kazakhstan is a landlocked sovereign country located across both Central Asia and Eastern Europe.

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Outline of Kenya

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Kenya: Kenya is a country in East Africa.

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Outline of Kerala

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Kerala: Kerala – 21st biggest, 12th most populous, 13th highest and most literate of the 29 states of the democratic Republic of India.

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Outline of Kiribati

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Kiribati: Kiribati – sovereign island nation located in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean.

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Outline of Kosovo

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Kosovo, a territory in the Balkans.

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Outline of Kuwait

Kuwait is a sovereign emirate located on the coast of the Persian Gulf in Southwest Asia and the Middle East.

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Outline of Kyrgyzstan

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Kyrgyzstan: Kyrgyzstan – sovereign country located in Central Asia.

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Outline of Laos

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Laos: Laos – landlocked sovereign country located in Southeast Asia.

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Outline of Latvia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Latvia: Latvia – sovereign country located in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.

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Outline of Lebanon

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Lebanon: Lebanon – sovereign country located along the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea in Southwest Asia and the Middle East.

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Outline of Lesotho

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Lesotho: Lesotho – sovereign country located in Southern Africa.

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Outline of Libya

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Libya: Libya – country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.

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Outline of Liechtenstein

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Liechtenstein: Liechtenstein – tiny, doubly landlocked alpine country located in Western Europe, bordered by Switzerland to its west and by Austria to its east.

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Outline of Lithuania

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Lithuania: Lithuania – sovereign country located in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.

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Outline of Luxembourg

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Luxembourg: Luxembourg – small sovereign country located in Western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany.

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Outline of Macau

The location of Macau The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Macau: The Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China – one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, the other being Hong Kong.

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Outline of Madagascar

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Madagascar: Madagascar – sovereign island nation located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa.

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Outline of Madhya Pradesh

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Madhya Pradesh: Madhya Pradesh – meaning "Central Province", is a state in central India.

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Outline of Maharashtra

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Maharashtra: Maharashtra – state in the western region of India and is India's third-largest state by area and is also the world's second-most populous sub-national entity.

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Outline of Malawi

Republic of Malawi – sovereign country located in southeastern Africa.

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Outline of Malaysia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Malaysia: Malaysia is a sovereign country located on the Malay Peninsula and a northern portion of the Island of Borneo in Southeast Asia.

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Outline of Maldives

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Maldives: The Maldives – island nation comprising a group of atolls in the Indian Ocean.

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Outline of Mali

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mali: Mali – landlocked sovereign country located in West Africa.

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Outline of Malta

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Malta: Malta is a small and densely populated sovereign island nation located in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Outline of Manipur

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Manipur: Manipur – state in northeastern India, with the city of Imphal as its capital.

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Outline of Mauritania

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mauritania: Mauritania – sovereign country located in West Africa.

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Outline of Mauritius

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mauritius: Mauritius – sovereign island nation located in the southwest Indian Ocean about east of Madagascar.

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Outline of Mayotte

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mayotte: The Mayotte – overseas department of France located in the Comoros Archipelago in the Indian Ocean.

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Outline of Meghalaya

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Meghalaya: Meghalaya – state in north-east India.

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Outline of Mexico

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mexico: The United Mexican States, commonly known as Mexico, is a federal constitutional republic located in North America.

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Outline of Mizoram

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mizoram: Mizoram – one of the states of Northeast India, with Aizawl as its capital city.

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Outline of Moldova

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Moldova: Moldova (officially the Republic of Moldova) – landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east and south.

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Outline of Monaco

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Monaco: Monaco – small sovereign city-state located in Western Europe.

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Outline of Mongolia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mongolia: Mongolia – landlocked sovereign country located in East-Central Asia.

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Outline of Montenegro

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Montenegro: Montenegro – sovereign country located on the Balkan Peninsula in Southern Europe.

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Outline of Montserrat

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Montserrat: Montserrat – British overseas territory located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea.

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Outline of Morocco

Morocco – sovereign country located in western North Africa.

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Outline of Mozambique

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mozambique: Mozambique – sovereign country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest.

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Outline of Myanmar

The location of Myanmar. An enlargeable map of Myanmar. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Myanmar: Myanmar, also known as Burma, is the most extensive country in mainland Southeast Asia.

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Outline of Nagaland

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Nagaland: Nagaland – state in Northeast India.

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Outline of Namibia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Namibia: Namibia – sovereign country located along the Atlantic Coast of Southern Africa.

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Outline of Nauru

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Nauru: Nauru – sovereign island nation located in the Micronesian South Pacific.

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Outline of Nepal

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Nepal: Nepal is a landlocked sovereign state in South Asia.

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Outline of New Caledonia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to New Caledonia: New Caledonia – "sui generis collectivity" (in practice an overseas territory) of France, comprising a main island (Grande Terre), the Loyalty Islands, and several smaller islands.

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Outline of New Zealand

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to New Zealand: New Zealand is an island nation located in the western South Pacific Ocean comprising two large islands, the North Island and the South Island, and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands.

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Outline of Nicaragua

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Nicaragua: Nicaragua – sovereign, representative democratic republic and the most extensive nation in Central America.

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Outline of Niger

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Niger: Niger – landlocked sovereign country located in West Africa.

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Outline of Nigeria

Federal Republic of Nigeria – sovereign country located in West Africa.

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Outline of Niue

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Niue: Niue – an island nation in free association with New Zealand located in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Outline of Norfolk Island

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Norfolk Island: The Australian Territory of Norfolk Island comprises Norfolk Island and two uninhabited neighboring islands located in the South Pacific Ocean amidst Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia.

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Outline of North Korea

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to North Korea: North Korea – sovereign country located on the northern half of the Korean Peninsula in East Asia.

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Outline of Northern Cyprus

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Northern Cyprus: Northern Cyprus – de facto independent republicAntiwar.com.

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Outline of Norway

The following outline provides an overview of, and topical guide to, the Kingdom of Norway. Norway is a sovereign constitutional monarchy, located principally in the western part of Scandinavia in Northern Europe.

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Outline of Odisha

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Odisha: Odisha – one of the 29 states of India, located in the eastern coast.

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Outline of Oman

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Oman: Oman – sovereign country located in Southwest Asia along the eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Outline of Palau

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Palau: Palau – island country and a United States Associated State located in the western Pacific Ocean.

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Outline of Panama

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Panama: Panama – sovereign country located on the Isthmus of Panama in Central America.

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Outline of Papua New Guinea

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Papua New Guinea: The Independent State of Papua New Guinea is a sovereign island nation of Oceania comprising the eastern half of the Island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands in the western South Pacific Ocean.

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Outline of Paraguay

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Paraguay: Paraguay – one of the two landlocked countries in South America.

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Outline of Peru

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Peru: Peru – country located in western South America, on the Pacific Coast, north of Chile.

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Outline of Portugal

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Portugal: The Portuguese Republic, commonly known as Portugal, is a sovereign country principally located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southern Europe.

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Outline of Puerto Rico

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Puerto Rico: The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is a self-governing unincorporated territory of the United States of America located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands.

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Outline of Punjab, India

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Punjab: Punjab – state in North India, forming part of the larger Punjab region.

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Outline of Puntland

Puntland (Buntlaand, أرض البنط), officially the Puntland State of Somalia (Maamul Goboleedka Buntlaand ee Soomaaliya), is a region in northeastern Somalia, centered on Garowe in the Nugaal province.

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Outline of Qatar

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Qatar: The State of Qatar is a sovereign Arab emirate located in Southwest Asia on the Qatari Peninsula protruding from the northeasterly coast of the much larger Arabian Peninsula.

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Outline of Republika Srpska

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Republika Srpska: Republika Srpska – unitary democratic parliamentary entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Western Balkans.

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Outline of Romania

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Romania: Romania – unitary semi-presidential republic located in Central-Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine.

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Outline of Russia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Russia.

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Outline of Rwanda

The Republic of Rwanda is a small landlocked sovereign country located in the Great Lakes region of east-central Africa, bordered by Uganda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania.

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Outline of Saint Barthélemy

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Saint Barthelemy: The Collectivity of Saint Barthélemy is an overseas collectivity of France located in the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean Sea.

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Outline of Saint Helena

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Saint Helena: Saint Helena, named after St Helena of Constantinople, is an island of volcanic origin in the South Atlantic Ocean.

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Outline of Saint Kitts and Nevis

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Saint Kitts and Nevis: The Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, also known as Saint Christopher and Nevis, is a sovereign federal two-island nation located in the Leeward Islands in the Caribbean Sea.

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Outline of Saint Lucia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Saint Lucia: Saint Lucia is a sovereign island nation located in the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the eastern Caribbean Sea adjacent to the North Atlantic Ocean.

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Outline of Saint Martin

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Saint Martin: The Collectivity of Saint Martin (Collectivité de Saint-Martin) is an overseas collectivity of France located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea.

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Outline of Saint Pierre and Miquelon

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Saint Pierre and Miquelon: The Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon) is an overseas collectivity of France located in the North Atlantic Ocean about south of the Canadian Island of Newfoundland.

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Outline of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a sovereign island nation located in the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea.

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Outline of Samoa

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Samoa: Samoa – sovereign island nation located in the western Samoan Islands archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Outline of Saskatchewan

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Saskatchewan: Saskatchewan – central prairie province in Canada, with an area of, bounded on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota.

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Outline of Saudi Arabia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Saudi Arabia: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, or KSA, is a sovereign country that comprises the central portion of the Arabian Peninsula of Southwest Asia.

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Outline of São Tomé and Príncipe

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to São Tomé and Príncipe: São Tomé and Príncipe – island nation located in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Africa.

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Outline of Senegal

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Senegal: Senegal – sovereign country located south of the Sénégal River in West Africa.

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Outline of Serbia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Serbia: Serbia – landlocked sovereign country located in Southeastern Europe and comprising the southern portion of the Pannonian Plain and a central portion of the Balkan Peninsula.

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Outline of Seychelles

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Seychelles: Seychelles – sovereign island nation located in the Indian Ocean and comprising 115 islands of the Seychelles Archipelago, some east of mainland Africa and northeast of the Island of Madagascar.

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Outline of Sierra Leone

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Sierra Leone: Sierra Leone – sovereign country located in West Africa.

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Outline of Sikkim

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Sikkim: Sikkim – landlocked state of India, the last to give up its monarchy and fully integrate into India, in 1975.

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Outline of Singapore

The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to Singapore: Singapore – sovereign republic comprising the main island of Singapore and smaller outlying islands which are located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Outline of Slovakia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Slovakia: Slovakia – landlocked sovereign country located in Central Europe.

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Outline of Slovenia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Slovenia: Slovenia – sovereign country located in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west, the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north.

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Outline of Somalia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Somalia: Somalia – country located in the Horn of Africa.

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Outline of South Africa

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to South Africa: South Africa – A sovereign country located at the southern tip of Africa.

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Outline of South Korea

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to South Korea: South Korea – densely populated sovereign presidential republic located on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula in East Asia.

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Outline of South Sudan

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to South Sudan: South Sudan – landlocked country in east-central Africa that is part of the United Nations subregion of Eastern Africa.

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Outline of Spain

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Spain: Spain – sovereign state located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe.

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Outline of Sri Lanka

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka – island country in the northern Indian Ocean off the southeast coast of the Indian subcontinent in South Asia.

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Outline of Sudan

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Sudan: Sudan – Arab state in North Africa and the Middle East bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest.

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Outline of Suriname

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Suriname: Suriname – sovereign state on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America, and the smallest country on that continent.

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Outline of Swaziland

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Swaziland: Swaziland – small, landlocked, sovereign country located in Southern Africa, bordered by South Africa on three sides except to the east, where it borders Mozambique.

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Outline of Sweden

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Sweden: Sweden – Scandinavian country in Northern Europe, situated between Norway and Finland.

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Outline of Switzerland

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Switzerland: Switzerland – alpine country in Central Europe, located mostly in the Alps.

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Outline of Syria

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Syria: Syria – country in Western Asia, that borders Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south and Israel to the southwest.

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Outline of Taiwan

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Taiwan: Taiwan – state in East Asia, officially named the Republic of China (ROC).

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Outline of Tajikistan

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tajikistan: Tajikistan – mountainous, landlocked, sovereign country located in Central Asia.

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Outline of Tamil Nadu

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tamil Nadu: Tamil Nadu – state in South India.

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Outline of Tanzania

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tanzania: Tanzania – sovereign country located in East Africa.

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Outline of Telangana

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Telangana: Telangana – one of the 29 states in India, and is located in South India.

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Outline of Thailand

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Thailand: Thailand – country at the centre of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Outline of the Åland Islands

The location of Åland An enlargeable map of the Autonomous State of Åland The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Åland Islands: Åland Islands – autonomous, demilitarized, monolingually Swedish-speaking administrative province, region and historical province of the Republic of Finland.

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Outline of the Bahamas

The location of the Bahamas An enlargeable relief map of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Bahamas: Commonwealth of the Bahamas – sovereign island nation comprising an archipelago of seven hundred islands and two thousand cays.

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Outline of the British Virgin Islands

The location of the British Virgin Islands An enlargeable map of the British Virgin Islands The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the British Virgin Islands: British Virgin Islands (BVI) – British overseas territory located in the eastern portion of the Virgin Islands Archipelago in the Caribbean Sea.

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Outline of the Cayman Islands

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Cayman Islands: Cayman Islands – British overseas territory located in the western Caribbean Sea, comprising the islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, and Little Cayman.

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Outline of the Central African Republic

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Central African Republic: Central African Republic – landlocked sovereign country located in Central Africa.

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Outline of the Cook Islands

The location of the Cook Islands An enlargeable map of the Cook Islands The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Cook Islands: Cook Islands – self-governing parliamentary democracy in free association with New Zealand.

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Outline of the Czech Republic

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Czech Republic: The Czech Republic (also known as Czechia) is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Outline of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Democratic Republic of the Congo – country located in Central Africa.

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Outline of the Dominican Republic

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Dominican Republic: Dominican Republic – sovereign state occupying the eastern five-eighths of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region.

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Outline of the Falkland Islands

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Falkland Islands: The Falkland Islands (or; Islas Malvinas) are an archipelago located in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf.

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Outline of the Faroe Islands

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Faroe Islands: Faroe Islands – autonomous province of the Kingdom of Denmark comprising the Faroe archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean.

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Outline of the Federated States of Micronesia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Micronesia: The Federated States of Micronesia – island nation located in the North Pacific Ocean, north of Papua New Guinea.

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Outline of the Gambia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Gambia: The Gambia – country in West Africa, officially named the Republic of the Gambia.

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Outline of the Isle of Man

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Isle of Man: The Isle of Man is a self-governing British Crown dependency located in the Irish Sea near the geographic centre of the British Isles.

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Outline of the Marshall Islands

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Marshall Islands: The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a sovereign Micronesian island nation located in the western North Pacific Ocean, north of Nauru and Kiribati, east of the Federated States of Micronesia, and south of the U.S. territory of Wake Island, to which it lays claim.

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Outline of the Netherlands

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Netherlands.

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Outline of the Netherlands Antilles

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Netherlands Antilles: The Netherlands Antilles (Dutch:, Papiamento: Antia Hulandes) was an autonomous Caribbean country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of two groups of islands in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba, Curaçao and Bonaire, in Leeward Antilles just off the Venezuelan coast; and Sint Eustatius, Saba and Sint Maarten, in the Leeward Islands southeast of the Virgin Islands.

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Outline of the Northern Mariana Islands

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Northern Mariana Islands: The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) is an island country in the western North Pacific Ocean that maintains a political union with the United States.

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Outline of the Philippines

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Philippines: The Philippines – sovereign country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean.

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Outline of the Pitcairn Islands

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Pitcairn Islands: The Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, commonly known as the Pitcairn Islands or just Pitcairn, are a group of four volcanic islands in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Outline of the Republic of Artsakh

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Nagorno-Karabakh: Nagorno-Karabakh is a disputed region in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Outline of the Republic of Ireland

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Ireland: Ireland (Irish language: Éire) is a sovereign island nation located in Northern Europe.

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Outline of the Republic of Macedonia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Macedonia: The Republic of Macedonia is a landlocked sovereign country located on the Balkan Peninsula in Southern Europe.

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Outline of the Republic of the Congo

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Republic of the Congo: Republic of the Congo – also known as Congo-Brazzaville or the Congo, is a sovereign country located in Central Africa.

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Outline of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) – partially recognised state that claims sovereignty over the entire territory of Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony.

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Outline of the Solomon Islands

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Solomon Islands: Solomon Islands is a sovereign Melanesian island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean south-east of Papua New Guinea.

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Outline of the Soviet Union

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Soviet Union: Soviet Union – was a socialist state on the Eurasian continent that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Outline of the Turks and Caicos Islands

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Turks and Caicos Islands: The Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI) are a British Overseas Territory comprising two groups of tropical islands north of the Caribbean Sea in the North Atlantic Ocean.

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Outline of the United Arab Emirates

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the United Arab Emirates: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a sovereign federation of seven states located southeast of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia, bordering Oman and Saudi Arabia.

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Outline of the United States

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the United States of America.

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Outline of the United States Virgin Islands

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the United States Virgin Islands: The Territory of the United States Virgin Islands is an unincorporated organized territory of the United States of America located in the western portion of the Virgin Islands Archipelago in the Caribbean Sea.

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Outline of Togo

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Togo: Togo – sovereign country located in West Africa bordering Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north.

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Outline of Tonga

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tonga: Tonga – sovereign island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Outline of Transnistria

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Transnistria: Transnistria – breakaway state located mostly on a strip of land between the River Dniester and the eastern Moldovan border with Ukraine.

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Outline of Trinidad and Tobago

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Trinidad and Tobago: Trinidad and Tobago – sovereign island nationArchipelagic Waters and Exclusive Economic Zone Act No 24 of 1986 located in the Lesser Antilles Archipelago in the southeastern Caribbean Sea.

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Outline of Tripura

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tripura: Tripura – state in Northeast India.

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Outline of Tristan da Cunha

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tristan da Cunha: Tristan da Cunha – group of remote volcanic islands in the south Atlantic Ocean, from South Africa and from South America.

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Outline of Tunisia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tunisia: Tunisia – northernmost country in Africa situated on the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

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Outline of Turkey

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Turkey: Turkey – sovereign Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in Southwest Asia and Thrace (Rumelia) at the southeastern tip of the Balkan Peninsula in Southern Europe.

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Outline of Turkmenistan

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Turkmenistan: Turkmenistan is a sovereign Turkic country located in Central Asia.

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Outline of Tuvalu

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tuvalu: Tuvalu (formerly known as the Ellice Islands) – sovereign Polynesian island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean midway between Hawaiokinai and Australia.

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Outline of Uganda

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Uganda: Uganda –commonly referred to as the Pearl by Churchill is a land-locked sovereign country located in East Africa, bordered on the east by Kenya, the north by South Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania.

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Outline of Ukraine

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Ukraine: Ukraine – country in Eastern Europe.

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Outline of Uruguay

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Uruguay: Uruguay – sovereign country located in southeastern South America.

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Outline of Uttar Pradesh

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Uttar Pradesh: Uttar Pradesh – most populous state in the Republic of India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world.

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Outline of Uttarakhand

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Uttarakhand: Uttarakhand – state in the northern part of India.

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Outline of Uzbekistan

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Uzbekistan: The Uzbekistan – doubly landlockedUzbekistan and Liechtenstein are the only two doubly landlocked countries.

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Outline of Vanuatu

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Vanuatu: Vanuatu – sovereign island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Outline of Vatican City

The following outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to Vatican City: Vatican City – an ecclesiastical or sacerdotal-monarchical state, being the sovereign territory of the Holy See and ruled by the Bishop of Rome—the Pope, the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.

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Outline of Venezuela

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Venezuela: Venezuela – sovereign country located in northern South America.

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Outline of Vietnam

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Vietnam: Vietnam – sovereign country located on the eastern extent of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Outline of Wallis and Futuna

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Wallis and Futuna: Wallis and Futuna – French island territory in Polynesia (but not part of, or even contiguous with, French Polynesia) in the South Pacific Ocean between Fiji and Samoa.

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Outline of West Bengal

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to West Bengal: West Bengal – state in eastern India and is the nation's fourth-most populous state, with over 91 million inhabitants.

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Outline of Yemen

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Yemen: Yemen – sovereign country located on the southern portion of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia.

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Outline of Zambia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Zambia: Zambia – landlocked sovereign country located in Southern Africa.

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Outline of Zimbabwe

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Zimbabwe: Zimbabwe – landlocked sovereign country located in Southern Africa, between the Zambezi River and Limpopo River.

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Owen Arthur

Owen Seymour Arthur, PC (born 17 October 1949) is a Barbadian politician who was Prime Minister of Barbados from 6 September 1994 to 20 January 1999; 20 January 1999 to 21 May 2003; and from 21 May 2003 to 15 January 2008.

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Pacifist Socialist Party

The Pacifist Socialist Party (Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij, PSP) was a left-wing Dutch socialist political party.

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Page of the Presence

A Page of the Presence is a servant of the British Royal Household who acts as a personal attendant to Royal visitors.

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Pajani System

The Pajani System was a system of appointing government officials in Nepal.

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Pakistan

Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.

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Pakistan Day

Pakistan Day (یوم پاکستان, lit. Yaum-e-Pakistan) or Pakistan Resolution Day, also Republic Day, is a national holiday in Pakistan commemorating the Lahore Resolution passed on 23 March 1940 and the adoption of the first constitution of Pakistan during the transition of the Dominion of Pakistan to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan on 23 March 1956 making Pakistan the world's first Islamic republic.

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Palace

A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop.

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Palace of Queluz

The Palace of Queluz (Palácio de Queluz) is a Portuguese 18th-century palace located at Queluz, a freguesia of the modern-day Sintra Municipality, in the Lisbon District.

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Palatine Guard

The Palatine Guard (Guardia Palatina d'Onore) was a military unit of the Vatican.

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Palau

Palau (historically Belau, Palaos, or Pelew), officially the Republic of Palau (Beluu er a Belau), is an island country located in the western Pacific Ocean.

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Palácio do Planalto

The Palácio do Planalto is the official workplace of the President of Brazil.

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Pan-African e-Network project

Pan African e-Network project is an information and communications technology (ICT) project between India and the African Union that seeks to connect the 55 member states of the Union through a satellite and fibre-optic network to India and to each other to enable access to and sharing of expertise between India and African states in the areas of tele-education, telemedicine, Voice over IP, infotainment, resource mapping, meteorological services, e-governance and e-commerce services.

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Panama

Panama (Panamá), officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá), is a country in Central America, bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south.

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Paradise Harbor

Paradise Harbor, also known as Paradise Bay, is a wide embayment behind Lemaire and Bryde Islands in Antarctica, indenting the west coast of Graham Land between Duthiers and Leniz Points.

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Paraguay

Paraguay (Paraguái), officially the Republic of Paraguay (República del Paraguay; Tetã Paraguái), is a landlocked country in central South America, bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest.

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Pardon

A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be absolved of guilt for an alleged crime or other legal offense, as if the act never occurred.

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Paris in the Belle Époque

Paris in the Belle Époque was a period in the history of the city between the years 1871 to 1914, from the beginning of the Third French Republic until the First World War.

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Parlamentarischer Rat

The Parlamentarischer Rat (German for "Parliamentary Council") was the West German constituent assembly in Bonn that drafted and adopted the constitution of West Germany, the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, promulgated on 23 May 1949.

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Parley

Parley is a discussion or conference, especially one between enemies over terms of a truce or other matters.

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Parliament

In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government.

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Parliament House, Hobart

Parliament House, Hobart, located on Salamanca Place in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, is the meeting place of the Parliament of Tasmania.

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Parliament of British Columbia

The Parliament of British Columbia is made of two elements: the Queen of Canada in Right of British Columbia, represented by the Lieutenant Governor, and the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (which meets at the British Columbia Parliament Buildings).

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Parliament of India

The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India.

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Parliament of Morocco

The Parliament of Morocco is the bicameral legislature located in Rabat, the capital of Morocco.

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Parliament of the Republic of Moldova

The Parliament of the Republic of Moldova (Parlamentul Republicii Moldova) is the unicameral assembly of the Republic of Moldova.

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Parliamentary republic

A parliamentary republic is a republic that operates under a parliamentary system of government where the executive branch (the government) derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature (the parliament).

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Parliamentary system

A parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance of a state where the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the confidence of the legislative branch, typically a parliament, and is also held accountable to that parliament.

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Parties in the European Council between January and April 2004

Prior to 1 May 2004 the European Union had fifteen members.

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Parties in the European Council between January and June 2013

Until 1 July 2013 the European Union will have twenty-seven members.

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Parties in the European Council between July and December 2013

Since 1 July 2013 the European Union have twenty-eight members.

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Parties in the European Council between May and December 2004

On the 1 May 2004 ten new member states joined the European Union.

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Parties in the European Council during 1998

This article describes the party affiliations of the leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council during the year 1998.

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Parties in the European Council during 1999

This article describes the party affiliations of the leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council during the year 1999.

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Parties in the European Council during 2000

This article describes the party affiliations of the leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council during the year 2000.

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Parties in the European Council during 2001

This article describes the party affiliations of the leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council during the year 2001.

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Parties in the European Council during 2002

This article describes the party affiliations of the leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council during the year 2002.

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Parties in the European Council during 2003

This article describes the party affiliations of the leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council during the year 2003.

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Parties in the European Council during 2005

This article describes the party affiliations of the leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council during the year 2005.

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Parties in the European Council during 2006

This article describes the party affiliations of the leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council during the year 2006.

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Parties in the European Council during 2007

This article describes the party affiliations of leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council during the year 2007.

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Parties in the European Council during 2008

This article describes the party affiliations of leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council during the year 2008.

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Parties in the European Council during 2009

This article describes the party affiliations of leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council during the year 2009.

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Parties in the European Council during 2010

This article describes the party affiliations of leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council during the year 2010.

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Parties in the European Council during 2011

This article describes the party affiliations of leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council during the year 2011.

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Parties in the European Council during 2012

This article describes the party affiliations of leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council during the year 2012.

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Parties in the European Council during 2014

This article describes the party affiliations of leaders of each member-state represented in the European Council during the year 2014.

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Party of power

The term "party of power" refers to a political party that has a close relationship with the executive branch of government such that the party appears to function as an extension of the executive rather than as an autonomous political organization.

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Peace (law)

The legal term peace – sometimes King's peace, Queen's peace or peace of the state – is, or has been, used in the legal systems of many countries to describe specific protections that a system of justice, head of state or legislature provides to persons who are within the boundaries of a specific area (e.g. a courtroom or national borders).

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Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará

Dom Pedro de Alcântara of Orléans-Braganza, Prince of Grão Pará (15 October 1875 – 29 January 1940) was the first-born son of Dona Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil and Prince Gaston of Orléans, Count of Eu, and as such, was born second-in-line to the imperial throne of Brazil, during the reign of his grandfather, Emperor ''Dom'' Pedro II, until the empire's abolition.

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Pedro II of Brazil in the Paraguayan War

The history of Pedro II of Brazil in the Paraguayan War began after the invasion of Brazilian provinces by Paraguayan forces by the end of 1864.

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Pehr Evind Svinhufvud

Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad (15 December 1861 – 29 February 1944) was the third President of Finland from 1931 to 1937.

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Penang state election, 2008

The 12th Penang election was held on 8 March 2008.

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Penang state election, 2013

The 13th Penang election was held on 5 May 2013.

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Penang state election, 2018

The 14th Penang election was held on 9 May 2018 to elect the State Assemblymen of the 14th Penang State Legislative Assembly, the legislature of the Malaysian state of Penang.

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Penang State Executive Council

The Penang State Executive Council is the executive authority of the state government of Penang, a Malaysian state.

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Peng Liyuan

Peng Liyuan (born 20 November 1962) is a Chinese contemporary folk singer and performing artist.

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People's Consultative Assembly

The People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, MPR-RI) is the legislative branch in Indonesia's political system.

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Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council

The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5) are the five states which the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council.

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Permanent Representative to the United Nations

A Permanent Representative (sometimes called a "UN ambassador") is the head of a diplomatic mission to the United Nations Organization (or United Nations, UN).

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Peru

Peru (Perú; Piruw Republika; Piruw Suyu), officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America.

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Peru–Bolivian Confederation

The Peru–Bolivian Confederation was a short-lived state that existed in South America between 1836 and 1839.

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Peruvian State

The Peruvian State, which is conceptually the Peruvian nation legally organized, is the entity that holds the government in the Republic of Peru.

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Peter Tatchell

Peter Gary Tatchell (born 25 January 1952) is a British human rights campaigner, originally from Australia, best known for his work with LGBT social movements.

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Petroleum industry in Nigeria

Nigeria is the largest oil and gas producer in Africa.

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Philibert Tsiranana

Philibert Tsiranana (18 October 1912 – 16 April 1978) was a Malagasy politician and leader, who served as the first President of Madagascar from 1959 to 1972.

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Philippe Pétain

Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain (24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951), generally known as Philippe Pétain or Marshal Pétain (Maréchal Pétain), was a French general officer who attained the position of Marshal of France at the end of World War I, during which he became known as The Lion of Verdun, and in World War II served as the Chief of State of Vichy France from 1940 to 1944.

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Philippine Center

The Philippine Center is an agency of the Philippine Government tasked with the management of the building.

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Philippines

The Philippines (Pilipinas or Filipinas), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Phoenix Throne

The Phoenix Throne (eojwa) is the English term used to identify the throne of the hereditary monarchs of Korea.

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Pirie MacDonald

Ian Pirie MacDonald (January 27, 1867 – April 22, 1942) was an American portrait photographer, New York City civic leader, and peace advocate.

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Pol Pot

Pol Pot (ប៉ុល ពត; 19 May 1925 – 15 April 1998) was a Cambodian revolutionary and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea from 1976 to 1979.

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Poland

Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.

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Police escort

A police escort, also known as a law enforcement escort, is a feature offered by most law enforcement agencies to assist in transporting VIPs or other important individuals.

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Police tactical group

Police Tactical Group (PTG) is a highly trained Australian Police Tactical Unit that responds to and resolves high-risk incidents, including terrorist incidents.

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Polish Council of State

The Council of State of the Republic of Poland was introduced by the Small Constitution of 1947.

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Polish National Government (November Uprising)

Polish National Government of 1831 was a Polish supreme authority during the November Uprising against the Russian occupation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Polish Naval Academy

Polish Naval Academy (PNA) of the Heroes of Westerplatte is a naval university supervised by the Ministry of National Defence Republic of Poland, with the history, uninterrupted by World War II, dating back to 1922.

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Polish–Soviet War

The Polish–Soviet War (February 1919 – March 1921) was fought by the Second Polish Republic, Ukrainian People's Republic and the proto-Soviet Union (Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine) for control of an area equivalent to today's western Ukraine and parts of modern Belarus.

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Political Appointments System in Hong Kong

The Political Appointments System is a scheme introduced in 2008 by the Hong Kong Government to reinforce its ministerial team by superseding the Principal Officials Accountability System and inserting two layers of politically appointed officials below the secretaries, who are political appointees.

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Political authorities

Political authorities hold positions of power or influence within a system of government.

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Political campaign

A political campaign is an organized effort which seeks to influence the decision making process within a specific group.

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Political development in modern Gibraltar

Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean Sea.

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Political divisions of the United States

United States, political divisions Political divisions (also referred to as administrative divisions) of the United States are the various recognized governing entities that together form the United States.

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Political integration of India

At the time of Indian independence in 1947, India was divided into two sets of territories, one under direct British rule, and the other under the suzerainty of the British Crown, with control over their internal affairs remaining in the hands of their hereditary rulers.

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Political offence exception

A political offence exception (or exemption) is a provision which limits the obligation of a sovereign state under an extradition or mutual legal assistance treaty or statute.

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Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue

The political status of the Cook Islands and Niue is formally defined as being states in free association within the Realm of New Zealand, which is made up of the Cook Islands, Niue, New Zealand, and two of its territories: Tokelau and the Ross Dependency.

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Politically exposed person

In financial regulation, "politically exposed person" (PEP) is a term describing someone who has been entrusted with a prominent public function.

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Politics of Abia State

Abia State has a multi-party political system.

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Politics of Abkhazia

Politics in Abkhazia is dominated by its conflict with Georgia.

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Politics of Afghanistan

The politics of Afghanistan consists of the council of ministers, provincial governors and the national assembly, with a president serving as the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Afghan Armed Forces.

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Politics of Albania

Albania is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic, where the President of Albania is the head of state and the Prime Minister of Albania the head of government in a multi-party system.

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Politics of Algeria

Politics of Algeria takes place in a framework of a constitutional semi-presidential republic, whereby the President of Algeria is head of state while the Prime Minister of Algeria is the head of government.

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Politics of Angola

Since the adoption of a new constitution in 2010, the politics of Angola takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Angola is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Antigua and Barbuda

The politics of Antigua and Barbuda takes place in a framework of a unitary parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, wherein the Sovereign of Antigua and Barbuda is the head of state, appointing a Governor-General to act as vice-regal representative in the nation.

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Politics of Argentina

The politics of Argentina takes place in the framework of what the Constitution defines as a federal presidential representative democratic Republic, where the President of Argentina is both Head of State and Head of Government.

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Politics of Armenia

The politics of Armenia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Armenia is the head of state and the Prime Minister of Armenia is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Artsakh

Politics of Artsakh takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Artsakh is the head of state and the Prime Minister of Artsakh is the head of government, and of a multi-party system; as of 2009, American-based non-governmental organisation Freedom House ranks the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic above both Armenia and Azerbaijan in terms of political and civil rights.

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Politics of Austria

The politics of Austria take place in the framework of the federal parliamentary representative democratic republic of Austria, with a Federal President as head of state, and a Federal Chancellor as the head of government.

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Politics of Azerbaijan

The Politics of Azerbaijan takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential republic, with the President of Azerbaijan as the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Azerbaijan as head of government.

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Politics of Barbados

The politics of Barbados function within a framework of constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary government with strong democratic traditions; constitutional safeguards for nationals of Barbados include: freedom of speech, press, worship, movement, and association.

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Politics of Belarus

The politics of Belarus takes place in a framework of a presidential republic with a bicameral parliament.

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Politics of Belgium

The politics of Belgium take place in the framework of a federal, representative democratic, constitutional monarchy.

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Politics of Belize

Politics of Belize takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, whereby Queen Elizabeth II serves as head of state and the prime minister is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Benin

The Politics of Benin take place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, wherein the President of Benin is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Bhutan

The Government of Bhutan has been a constitutional monarchy since 18 July 2008.

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Politics of Bolivia

The politics of Bolivia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the president is head of state, head of government and head of a diverse multi-party system.

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Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, whereby executive power is exercised by the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Politics of Botswana

Politics of Botswana takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Botswana is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Brazil

The politics of Brazil take place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Brunei

The politics of Brunei take place in a framework of an absolute monarchy, where by the Sultan of Brunei is both head of state and head of government (Prime Minister of Brunei).

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Politics of Bulgaria

The politics of Bulgaria take place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime minister is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Burkina Faso

The Politics of Burkina Faso takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Burkina Faso is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Burundi

Politics of Burundi takes place in a framework of a transitional presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Burundi is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Cambodia

The Kingdom of Cambodia is a unitary state that is governed within the framework of a constitutional monarchy, in which the monarch serves as the head of state, while the prime minister is the head of government.

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Politics of Cameroon

The politics of Cameroon takes place in a framework of a unitary presidential republic, whereby the President of Cameroon is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Canada

The politics of Canada function within a framework of parliamentary democracy and a federal system of parliamentary government with strong democratic traditions.

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Politics of Cape Verde

Politics of Cape Verde takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Cape Verde is the head of government and the President of the Republic of Cape Verde is the head of state, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Chad

Politics of Chad takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Chad is both head of state and head of government.

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Politics of Chile

Chile's government is a representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Chile is both head of state and head of government, and of a formal multi-party system that in practice behaves like a two-party one, due to binomialism.

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Politics of China

The politics of the People's Republic of China takes place in a framework of a socialist republic run by a single party, the Communist Party of China, headed by General Secretary.

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Politics of Colombia

The Politics of Colombia take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Colombia is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Costa Rica

The politics of Costa Rica take place in a framework of a presidential, representative democratic republic, with a multi-party system.

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Politics of Crimea

The politics of Crimea today is that of the Republic of Crimea on one hand, and that of the federal city of Sevastopol on the other, within the context of the largely unrecognised annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in March 2014.

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Politics of Croatia

The politics of Croatia are defined by a parliamentary, representative democratic republic framework, where the Prime Minister of Croatia is the head of government in a multi-party system.

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Politics of Cuba

Cuba has had a communist political system since 1959 based on the "one state – one party" principle.

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Politics of Cyprus

The Republic of Cyprus is a unitary presidential representative republic, whereby the President of Cyprus is both head of state and head of government.

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Politics of Denmark

The politics of Denmark take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, a constitutional monarchy and a decentralised unitary state in which the monarch of Denmark, Queen Margrethe II, is head of state.

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Politics of Dominica

The politics of Dominica takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Dominica is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of East Timor

Politics of East Timor takes place in a framework of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of East Timor is the head of government and the President of East Timor exercises the functions of head of state.

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Politics of Ecuador

The politics of Ecuador are multi-party.

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Politics of El Salvador

Politics of El Salvador takes place in land a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of El Salvador is both head of state and head of government, and of an Executive power is exercised by the government.

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Politics of Equatorial Guinea

The politics of Equatorial Guinea take place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President is both the head of state and head of government.

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Politics of Eritrea

Politics of Eritrea takes place in a framework of a single-party presidential republican totalitarian dictatorship, whereby the Eritrean President is both head of state and head of government and a single-party state, led by the People's Front for Democracy and Justice.

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Politics of Estonia

Politics in Estonia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Finland

The politics of Finland take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy.

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Politics of Gabon

Politics of Gabon takes place in a framework of a republic whereby the President of Gabon is head of state and in effect, also the head of government, since he appoints the prime minister and his cabinet.

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Politics of Georgia (country)

Politics in Georgia involve a semi-presidential representative democratic republic with a multi-party system.

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Politics of Ghana

Politics of Ghana takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Ghana is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Greece

The politics of Greece takes place in a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Greece is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Guatemala

Politics of Guatemala takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, where by the President of Guatemala is both head of state, head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Guinea

Politics of Guinea takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Guinea is both head of state and head of government of Guinea.

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Politics of Guinea-Bissau

Politics of Guinea-Bissau takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic in transition, whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister is head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Haiti

The Politics of Haiti take place in the framework of a unitary semi-presidential republic, where the president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government.

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Politics of Honduras

Politics of Honduras takes place in a framework of a multi-party system presidential representative democratic republic.

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Politics of Hungary

Politics of Hungary takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic.

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Politics of Iceland

Politics of the Iceland take place in the framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the President is the head of state, while the Prime Minister of Iceland serves as the head of government in a multi-party system.

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Politics of India

The politics of India takes place within the framework of its constitution.

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Politics of Indonesia

The politics of Indonesia take place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic whereby the President of Indonesia is both head of state and head of government and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Iran

The politics of Iran take place in a framework of a theocracy in a format of syncretic politics that is guided by Islamic ideology.

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Politics of Italy

The politics of Italy are conducted through a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system.

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Politics of Ivory Coast

The Politics of Ivory Coast takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Ivory Coast is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Jamaica

Politics in Jamaica takes place in the framework of a representative parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy.

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Politics of Japan

The politics of Japan are conducted in a framework of a multi-party bicameral parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy whereby the Emperor is the ceremonial head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government and the head of the Cabinet, which directs the executive branch.

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Politics of Jersey

Politics of the Bailiwick of Jersey takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic constitution.

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Politics of Kazakhstan

The politics of Kazakhstan takes place in the framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Kazakhstan is head of state and nominates the head of government.

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Politics of Kenya

The Politics of Kenya take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Kenya is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system in accordance with a new constitution passed in 2010.

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Politics of Kosovo

The politics of Kosovo, a disputed territory recognized by out of United Nations (UN) member states as an de facto independent state situated de jure within Serbia, takes place in a framework of a multi-party parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the President (Presidenti) is the head of state and the Prime Minister (Kryeministri) the head of government.

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Politics of Kyrgyzstan

The Politics of Kyrgyzstan, officially known as the Kyrgyz Republic takes place in the framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan is head of government.

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Politics of Liberia

Politics of Liberia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic modeled on the government of the United States, whereby the President is the head of state and head of government; unlike the United States, however, Liberia is a unitary state as opposed to a federation and has a pluriform rather than the two-party system that characterizes US politics.

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Politics of Libya

The Politics of Libya is in an uncertain state due to the collapse of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in 2011 and an ongoing civil war between the Council of Deputies in Tobruk and its supporters, the New General National Congress in Tripoli and its supporters, and various jihadists and tribal elements controlling parts of the country.

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Politics of Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein is a principality governed under a constitutional monarchy.

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Politics of Lithuania

Politics of Lithuania takes place in a framework of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Lithuania is the head of state and the Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Madagascar

Politics of Madagascar takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Madagascar is head of state and the Prime Minister of Madagascar is head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system.

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Politics of Malawi

Politics of Malawi takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Malawi is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Malaysia

Politics of Malaysia takes place in the framework of a federal representative democratic constitutional monarchy, in which the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is head of state and the Prime Minister of Malaysia is the head of government.

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Politics of Mali

Until the military coup of March 22, 2012 and a second military coup in December 2012 the Politics of Mali took place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Mali is head of state with a Presidentially appointed Prime Minister as the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Mauritania

The first fully democratic Presidential election since 1960 occurred on 11 March 2007.

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Politics of Mauritius

Politics of Mauritius takes place in a framework of a parliamentary democracy.

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Politics of Mexico

The Politics of Mexico take place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic whose government is based on a congressional system, whereby the President of Mexico is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Monaco

The politics of Monaco take place within the framework of a constitutional monarchy, with the Prince of Monaco as head of state, with some powers devolved to several advisory and legislative bodies.

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Politics of Mozambique

Politics of Mozambique takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Mozambique is head of state and head of government of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Myanmar

Myanmar (also known as Burma) is a unitary parliamentary republic under its constitution of 2008.

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Politics of Namibia

Politics of Namibia takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Namibia is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system.

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Politics of Nauru

Politics of Nauru takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Nauru is the head of government of the executive branch.

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Politics of Nepal

The politics of Nepal function within a framework of a republic with a multi-party system.

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Politics of New Zealand

The politics of New Zealand function within a framework of a unitary parliamentary representative democracy.

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Politics of Nicaragua

Nicaragua is a presidential representative democratic republic, in which the President of Nicaragua is both head of state and head of government, and there is a multi-party system.

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Politics of Niger

Politics of Niger takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Niger is head of state and the Prime Minister of Niger head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Northern Cyprus

Politics of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the president is head of state and the prime minister is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Oklahoma

The politics of Oklahoma exists in a framework of a presidential republic modeled after the United States.

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Politics of Oman

Politics of Oman takes place in a framework of an absolute monarchy whereby the Sultan of Oman is not only head of state, but also the head of government.

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Politics of Pakistan

The politics of Pakistan takes place within the framework established by the constitution.

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Politics of Palau

Politics of Palau takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, where by the President of Palau is both head of state and head of government, and Palau currently has no political parties.

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Politics of Panama

The politics of Panama take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic with multi-party system, whereby the President of Panama is both head of state and head of government.

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Politics of Peru

The politics of the Republic of Peru takes place in a framework of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Peru is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system.

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Politics of Poland

Politics of Poland takes place in the framework of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government.

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Politics of Portugal

Politics in Portugal takes place in a framework of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Portugal is the head of government.

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Politics of Qatar

The political system of Qatar is either an absolute monarchy or a constitutional monarchy, with the Emir of Qatar as head of state and head of government.

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Politics of Rivers State

The Politics of Rivers State function within the framework of a presidential republic, with the Governor of Rivers State as both head of state and head of government.

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Politics of Romania

Romania's political framework is a semi-presidential representative democratic republic where the Prime Minister is the head of government and the President is the head of state.

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Politics of Russia

The politics of Russia (the Russian Federation) takes place in the framework of a federal semi-presidential republic.

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Politics of Rwanda

Rwanda gained its independence on July 1, 1962.

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Politics of Saint Kitts and Nevis

The politics of Saint Kitts and Nevis takes place in the framework of a federal parliamentary democracy.

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Politics of Saint Lucia

Politics of Saint Lucia takes place in the framework of an independent parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state, represented by a Governor General, who acts on the advice of the prime minister and the cabinet.

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Politics of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Politics of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines takes place in the framework of a parliamentary democracy.

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Politics of Samoa

Politics of Samoa takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic state whereby the Prime Minister of Samoa is the head of government.

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Politics of San Marino

Politics of San Marino takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Captains Regent are the heads of state and heads of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Saudi Arabia

The politics of Saudi Arabia takes place in the context of a totalitarian absolute monarchy with some Islamic lines, where the King is both the head of state and government.

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Politics of São Tomé and Príncipe

The politics of São Tomé and Príncipe takes place in a framework of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of São Tomé and Príncipe is head of state and the Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe is head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Scotland

Scotland is a country which is part of the United Kingdom.

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Politics of Senegal

Politics in Senegal takes place within the framework of a semi-presidential, democratic republic.

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Politics of Serbia

The politics of Serbia function within the framework of a parliamentary democracy.

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Politics of Serbia and Montenegro

The Politics of Serbia and Montenegro took place in a framework of a federal parliamentary republic with a multi-party system, and after 2003, in the context of a state union.

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Politics of Seychelles

Politics of Seychelles takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Seychelles is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Singapore

The politics of Singapore takes the form of a parliamentary representative democratic republic whereby the President of Singapore is the head of state, the Prime Minister of Singapore is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Somalia

The politics of Somalia takes place in a framework of federal parliamentary representative democratic republic.

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Politics of Somaliland

The politics of Somaliland take place within a hybrid system of governance, which, under the Somaliland region's constitution, combines traditional and western institutions.

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Politics of South Africa

The Republic of South Africa is a parliamentary representative democratic republic.

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Politics of South Korea

The politics of the Republic of Korea takes place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is the head of state, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Spain

The politics of Spain takes place under the framework established by the Constitution of 1978.

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Politics of Sri Lanka

Politics of Sri Lanka takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Sri Lanka is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Sudan

Officially, the politics of Sudan takes place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic consociationalist republic, where the President of Sudan is head of state, head of government and commander-in-chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces in a multi-party system.

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Politics of Suriname

Politics of Suriname take place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the president of Suriname is the head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system.

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Politics of Swaziland

Swaziland is an absolute monarchy with constitutional provisions and Swazi law and Custom.

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Politics of Tajikistan

The politics of Tajikistan takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Tanzania

The politics of Tanzania takes place in a framework of a unitary presidential democratic republic, whereby the President of Tanzania is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Thailand

Until 22 May 2014 the politics of Thailand were conducted within the framework of a constitutional monarchy, whereby the prime minister is the head of government and a hereditary monarch is head of state.

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Politics of the Central African Republic

The politics of the Central African Republic formally take place in a framework of a semi-presidential republic.

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Politics of the Comoros

Politics of the Union of the Comoros takes place in a framework of a federal presidential republic, whereby the President of the Comoros is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of the Cook Islands

The politics of the Cook Islands, an associated state, takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy within a constitutional monarchy.

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Politics of the Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic, in which the President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government.

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Politics of the Dominican Republic

Government of the Dominican Republic takes place in a framework of a representative democracy, whereby the President of the Dominican Republic is both head of state, head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of the Empire of Brazil

Politics of the Empire of Brazil took place in a framework of a quasi-federal parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, whereby the Emperor of Brazil was the head of state and nominally head of government although the President of the Council of Ministers was effectively the de facto head, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of the European Union

The politics of the European Union are different from other organisations and states due to the unique nature of the European Union (EU).

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Politics of the Falkland Islands

The politics of the Falkland Islands takes place in a framework of a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary representative democratic dependency as set out by the constitution, whereby the Governor exercises the duties of head of state in the absence of the monarch and the Chief Executive acts as the head of government, with an elected Legislative Assembly to propose new laws and hold the executive to account.

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Politics of the Federated States of Micronesia

The politics of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) takes place in a framework of a federal representative democratic republic.

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Politics of the Gambia

Politics of the Gambia takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of the Gambia is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of the Isle of Man

The government of the Isle of Man is a parliamentary representative democracy.

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Politics of the Maldives

The politics of the Maldives takes place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is the Head of Government.

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Politics of the Netherlands

The politics of the Netherlands take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, a constitutional monarchy and a decentralised unitary state.

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Politics of the Palestinian National Authority

The politics of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) take place within the framework of a semi-presidential multi-party republic, with a Legislative Council, an executive president, and a prime minister leading the cabinet.

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Politics of the Philippines

Elections are administered by an independent Commission on Elections every three years starting 1992.

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Politics of the Republic of China

The politics of the Republic of China take place in a framework of a representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Premier (Chef of the Executive Yuan) is head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Politics of the Republic of Ireland

Ireland is a parliamentary, representative democratic republic and a member state of the European Union.

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Politics of the Republic of the Congo

Politics of the Republic of the Congo takes place in a framework of a unitary semi-presidential republic, whereby the President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government, of a pluriform multi-party system.

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Politics of the United Arab Emirates

Politics of the United Arab Emirates takes place in a framework of a federal, presidential, and an absolute monarchy.

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Politics of the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom is a unitary state with devolution that is governed within the framework of a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy in which the monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, is the head of state while the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, currently Theresa May, is the head of government.

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Politics of Togo

Politics of Togo takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Togo is both head of state and head of government.

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Politics of Transnistria

Politics of Transnistria, a de facto independent state situated de jure within the Republic of Moldova in Eastern Europe, takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential republic, whereby the President of Transnistria is head of state and the Prime Minister of Transnistria is head of government.

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Politics of Trinidad and Tobago

The politics of Trinidad and Tobago function within the framework of a unitary state regulated by a parliamentary democracy modelled on that of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, from which the country gained its independence in 1962.

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Politics of Tunisia

The politics of Tunisia takes place within the framework of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic, with a President serving as head of state, Prime Minister as head of government, a unicameral legislature and a court system influenced by French civil law.

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Politics of Turkey

The politics of Turkey takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Turkey is the head of government, and the President of Turkey is the head of state who holds a largely ceremonial role with substantial reserve powers.

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Politics of Turkmenistan

The politics of Turkmenistan takes place in the framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Turkmenistan is both head of state and head of government.

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Politics of Tuvalu

The politics of Tuvalu takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy, whereby the Monarch is the head of state, represented by the Governor-General, while the Prime Minister is the head of government.

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Politics of Uganda

Uganda is a presidential republic, in which the President of Uganda is both head of state and head of government.

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Politics of Uruguay

The politics of Uruguay abide by a presidential representative democratic republic, under which the President of Uruguay is both the head of state and the head of government, as well as a multiform party system.

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Politics of Uzbekistan

The Republic of Uzbekistan is a presidential constitutional republic, whereby the President of Uzbekistan is both head of state and head of government.

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Politics of Vatican City

The politics of Vatican City take place in a framework of an absolute theocratic elective monarchy, in which the Pope, religiously speaking, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church and Bishop of Rome, exercises ex officio supreme legislative, executive, and judicial power over the Vatican City (an entity distinct from the Holy See), a rare case of non-hereditary monarchy.

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Politics of Venezuela

The politics of Venezuela occurs in a framework explained in Government of Venezuela.

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Politics of Vietnam

The politics of Vietnam are defined by a single-party socialist republic framework, where the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam is the Party leader and head of the Politburo, holding the highest position in the one-party system.

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Politics of Yemen

Politics of Yemen is in an uncertain state due to a 2014–15 coup d'état.

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Politics of Zambia

The politics of Zambia takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Zambia is head of state, head of government and leader of a multi-party system.

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Politics of Zimbabwe

The politics of Zimbabwe takes place in a framework of a full presidential republic, whereby the President is the head of state and government as organised by the 2013 Constitution.

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Pope

The pope (papa from πάππας pappas, a child's word for "father"), also known as the supreme pontiff (from Latin pontifex maximus "greatest priest"), is the Bishop of Rome and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.

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Pope Francis

Pope Francis (Franciscus; Francesco; Francisco; born Jorge Mario Bergoglio; 17 December 1936) is the 266th and current Pope and sovereign of the Vatican City State.

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Pope John Paul II

Pope John Paul II (Ioannes Paulus II; Giovanni Paolo II; Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła;; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) served as Pope and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 to 2005.

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Popular National Union

Związek Ludowo-Narodowy (ZLN; Popular National Union) was a Polish political party aligned with the National Democracy political movement during the Second Polish Republic, gathering together right-wing politicians with conservative and nationalist opinions.

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Portrait

A portrait is a painting, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person, in which the face and its expression is predominant.

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Portuguese Colonial War

The Portuguese Colonial War (Guerra Colonial Portuguesa), also known in Portugal as the Overseas War (Guerra do Ultramar) or in the former colonies as the War of Liberation (Guerra de Libertação), was fought between Portugal's military and the emerging nationalist movements in Portugal's African colonies between 1961 and 1974.

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Portuguese presidential election, 2016

A Portuguese presidential election was held on 24 January 2016.

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Portuguese presidential election, 2021

Presidential elections will be held in Portugal in January 2021.

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Postage stamps and postal history of Sri Lanka

This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Sri Lanka.

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Potsdamer Platz

Potsdamer Platz (literally Potsdam Square) is an important public square and traffic intersection in the centre of Berlin, Germany, lying about south of the Brandenburg Gate and the Reichstag (German Parliament Building), and close to the southeast corner of the Tiergarten park.

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Power behind the throne

The phrase "power behind the throne" refers to a person or group that informally exercises the real power of a high-ranking office, such as a head of state.

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Powers of the President of Singapore

The powers of the President of Singapore are divided into those which the largely ceremonial President may exercise at his own discretion, and those he must exercise in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet of Singapore or of a Minister acting under the general authority of the Cabinet.

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Premier

Premier is a title for the head of government in some countries, states and sub-national governments.

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Premier of North Korea

The Premier of the Cabinet is nominally the non-executive head of government of North Korea.

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Presidency

A presidency is an administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation.

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Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the three-member body which collectively serves as head of state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

The Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, also known as the Arroyo Administration, spanned two terms from 20 January 2001 to 30 June 2010.

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Presidency of Hamid Karzai

The Karzai administration was the government of Afghanistan under President Hamid Karzai, who became the head of state of Afghanistan in December 2001 after the Taliban government was overthrown.

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Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson

The presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson began on November 22, 1963, when Johnson became the 36th President of the United States upon the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, and ended on January 20, 1969.

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Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte

The Presidency of Rodrigo Duterte, also known as the Duterte Administration, began on June 30, 2016 following his inauguration as the 16th President of the Philippines, succeeding Benigno Aquino III.

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Presidency of SR Croatia

The Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Croatia (Predsjedništvo Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske), also erroneously known, based on its Russian-language title, as the Presidium (Президиум Социалистической Республики Хорватий, Prezidium Socialističeskoĵ Respubliki Horvatiĵ), despite the facts that Russian was never an official language in Yugoslavia, and that the Presidency was established well after Yuogslavia's break with the Soviet Union, was the collective head of state of the Socialist Republic of Croatia from 1974 to 1990.

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Presidency of Yugoslavia

The Presidency of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Predsedništvo SFRJ, Председништво СФРЈ; Predsjedništvo SFRJ; Slovene: Predsedstvo SFRJ; Председателство на СФРЈ), also known as the Presidium, was the collective head of state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

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Presidency University, Kolkata

Presidency University, Kolkata, formerly Hindu College and Presidency College, is a public state university located in College Street, Kolkata.

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President

The president is a common title for the head of state in most republics.

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President Guard Regiment

The President Guard Regiment (PGR) is an entity of the Executive Office of the President of Bangladesh located at Banga Bhaban, provides military support for all security functions, including presidential trips, presidential movements, medical support and emergency medical services, and hospitality services.

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President of Abkhazia

The position of President of Abkhazia was created in 1994.

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President of Albania

The President of Albania (Presidenti i Shqipërisë), officially styled the President of the Republic of Albania (Presidenti i Republikës së Shqipërisë), is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and the representative of the unity of the Albanian people.

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President of Algeria

The President of Algeria is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Algerian People's National Armed Forces.

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President of Angola

The President of the Republic of Angola (Presidente da República de Angola in Portuguese) is both head of state and head of government in Angola.

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President of Argentina

The President of the Argentine Nation (Presidente de la Nación Argentina), usually known as the President of Argentina, is both head of state and head of government of Argentina.

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President of Armenia

The President of Armenia (Հայաստանի Նախագահ, Hayastani Nakhagah) is the head of state and the guarantor of independence and territorial integrity of Armenia elected to a single seven year term by the National Assembly of Armenia.

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President of Artsakh

The President of Artsakh is the head of state of the de facto Republic of Artsakh.

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President of Austria

The President of Austria, officially the Federal President of the Republic of Austria (Bundespräsident der Republik Österreich) is the head of state of the Austrian Republic.

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President of Azerbaijan

The President of the Republic of Azerbaijan is the head of state of Azerbaijan.

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President of Bangladesh

The President of Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশের রাষ্ট্রপতি —) is the Head of State of Bangladesh.

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President of Belarus

The President of the Republic of Belarus (Прэзідэнт Рэспублікі Беларусь, Президент Республики Беларусь) is the head of state of Belarus.

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President of Bolivia

The President of Bolivia (Presidente de Bolivia) officially known as the President of the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Presidente del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), is head of state and head of government of Bolivia.

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President of Botswana

The President of the Republic of Botswana is the head of state and the head of government of Botswana, as well as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, according to the Constitution of Botswana.

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President of Brazil

The President of Brazil, officially the President of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the President of the Republic, is both the head of state and the head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil.

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President of Cameroon

Under the current Constitution of Cameroon, the President of Cameroon is the head of state and retains most of the executive power.

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President of Chile

The President of the Republic of Chile (Presidente de la República de Chile) is the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile.

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President of Colombia

The President of Colombia (Presidente de Colombia), officially known as the President of the Republic of Colombia (Presidente de la República de Colombia) is the head of state and head of government of Colombia.

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President of Costa Rica

The President of Costa Rica is the head of state and head of government of Costa Rica.

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President of Crimea

The President of the Republic of Crimea (Президент Республіки Крим; Президент Республики Крым) was the head of the state of the Republic of Crimea, Ukraine from February 16, 1994 to the time of its liquidation on March 17, 1995.

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President of Croatia

The President of Croatia (Predsjednik Hrvatske), officially styled the President of the Republic (Predsjednik Republike), is the head of state, commander in-chief of the military and chief representative of the Republic of Croatia both within the country and abroad.

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President of Cuba

The President of Cuba (Presidente de Cuba), officially called from 1976 President of the Council of State (Presidente del Consejo de Estado de Cuba), is the head of the Council of State of Cuba.

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President of Cyprus

The President of Cyprus is the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Cyprus.

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President of Dáil Éireann

The President of Dáil Éireann was the leader of the revolutionary Irish Republic of 1919–1921.

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President of East Timor

The President of East Timor – officially the President of the Democratic Republic of East Timor (Presidente da República Democrática de Timor-Leste, Prezidente Republika Demokratika Timor-Leste) – is the head of state in East Timor, elected by popular vote for a five-year term.

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President of Ecuador

The President of the Republic of Ecuador (Presidente de la República del Ecuador) serves as both the head of state and head of government of Ecuador, is the highest political office in the country as the head of the executive branch of government.

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President of Egypt

The President of the Arab Republic of Egypt (رئيس جمهورية مصر العربية) is the head of state of Egypt.

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President of El Salvador

The position of President of El Salvador was created in the Constitution of 1841.

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President of Estonia

The President of the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariigi President) is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia.

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President of Ethiopia

The President of Ethiopia, officially the President of the Federal Republic of Ethiopia is the head of state of Ethiopia.

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President of Finland

The President of the Republic of Finland (Suomen tasavallan presidentti, Republiken Finlands president) is the head of state of Finland.

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President of France

The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française) is the executive head of state of France in the French Fifth Republic.

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President of Georgia

The President of Georgia (საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი, sakartvelos prezidenti) is the head of state and supreme commander-in-chief.

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President of Germany

The President of Germany, officially the Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundespräsident der Bundesrepublik Deutschland),The official title within Germany is Bundespräsident, with der Bundesrepublik Deutschland being added in international correspondence; the official English title is President of the Federal Republic of Germany is the head of state of Germany.

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President of Germany (1919–1945)

The Reichspräsident was the German head of state under the Weimar constitution, which was officially in force from 1919 to 1945.

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President of Ghana

The President of the Republic of Ghana is the elected head of state and head of government of Ghana, as well as Commander-in-Chief of the Ghana Armed Forces.

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President of Greece

The President of the Hellenic Republic (Πρόεδρος της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, Próedros ti̱s Elli̱nikí̱s Di̱mokratías), colloquially referred to in English as the President of Greece, is the head of state of Greece.

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President of Guatemala

The President of Guatemala (Presidente de Guatemala) officially known as the President of the Republic of Guatemala (Presidente de la República de Guatemala), is the head of state and head of government of Guatemala, elected to a single four-year term.

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President of Guyana

The President of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana is the head of state and the head of government of Guyana, as well as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Republic, according to the Constitution of Guyana.

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President of Haiti

The President of the Republic of Haiti (Président de la République d'Haïti, Prezidan peyi Repiblik Ayiti) is the head of state of Haiti.

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President of Honduras

The President of Honduras (Presidente de Honduras) officially known as the President of the Republic of Honduras (Spanish: Presidente de la República de Honduras), is the head of state and head of government of Honduras, and the Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces.

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President of Hungary

The President of the Republic of Hungary (Magyarország köztársasági elnöke, államelnök, or államfő) is the head of state of Hungary.

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President of Iceland

The President of Iceland (Forseti Íslands) is Iceland's elected head of state.

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President of India

The President of the Republic of India is the head of state of India and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.

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President of Indonesia

The President of the Republic of Indonesia (Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the head of state and also head of government of the Republic of Indonesia.

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President of Iran

The President of Iran (Persian: رییس‌جمهور ایران Rayis Jomhur-e Irān) is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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President of Iraq

The President of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution".

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President of Ireland

The President of Ireland (Uachtarán na hÉireann) is the head of state of the Republic of Ireland and the Supreme Commander of the Irish Defence Forces.

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President of Israel

The President of the State of Israel (נְשִׂיא מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Nesi Medinat Yisra'el, or נְשִׂיא הַמְדִינָה, Nesi HaMedina, literally President of the State) is the head of state of Israel.

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President of Italy

The President of the Italian Republic (Presidente della Repubblica Italiana) is the head of state of Italy and in that role represents national unity and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the Constitution.

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President of Kazakhstan

The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan Respy'bli'kasynyn' Prezi'denti, Қазақстан Республикасының Президенті) is the head of state, commander-in-chief and holder of the highest office within the Republic of Kazakhstan.

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President of Kenya

The President of the Republic of Kenya (Rais wa Jamhuri ya Kenya) is the head of state and head of government of Kenya.

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President of Kiribati

The President of Kiribati (Beretitenti in I-Kiribati) is the head of state and head of government of Kiribati.

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President of Kosovo

The President of Kosovo (Presidenti i Kosovës, Serbian: Predsednik Kosovo), officially styled the President of the Republic of Kosovo (Presidenti i Republikës së Kosovës, Serbian: Predsednik Republike Kosovo), is the head of state and chief representative of the Republic of Kosovo in the country and abroad.

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President of Kyrgyzstan

The President of Kyrgyzstan is the head of state and the highest official of the Kyrgyz Republic.

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President of Laos

The President of the Lao People's Democratic Republic is the head of state of Laos.

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President of Latvia

The President of Latvia (Latvijas Valsts prezidents, literally "State President"), is head of state and commander-in-chief of the National Armed Forces of the Republic of Latvia.

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President of Lebanon

The President of the Lebanese Republic is the head of state of Lebanon.

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President of Liberia

The President of the Republic of Liberia is the head of state and government of Liberia.

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President of Macedonia

The President of the Republic of Macedonia (Претседател на Република Македонија) is the head of state of the Republic of Macedonia.

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President of Malawi

The President of the Republic of Malawi is the head of state and head of government of Malawi.

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President of Malta

The President of Malta (President ta' Malta) is the constitutional head of state of Malta.

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President of Mauritius

The President of Mauritius (Président de la République de Maurice) is the Head of State of the Republic of Mauritius.

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President of Mexico

The President of Mexico (Presidente de México), officially known as the President of the United Mexican States (Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos), is the head of state and government of Mexico.

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President of Moldova

The President of the Republic of Moldova is the head of state of Moldova.

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President of Mongolia

The President of Mongolia (Mongol Ulsyn Yerönkhiilögch) is the executive head of state of Mongolia.

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President of Myanmar

The President of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar is the head of state and the head of government of Myanmar and leads the executive branch of the Burmese government, and heads the Cabinet of Myanmar.

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President of Namibia

The President of the Republic of Namibia is the head of state and the head of government of Namibia, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Namibia Defence Force, according to the Constitution of Namibia.

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President of Nauru

The President of Nauru is elected by Parliament from among its members, and is both the head of state and the head of government of Nauru.

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President of Nepal

The President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (नेपालको राष्ट्रपति, Nēpālakō rāṣṭrapati) is the head of state of Nepal and commander in chief of the Nepalese Armed Forces.

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President of Nicaragua

The President of the Republic of Nicaragua (Presidente de la República de Nicaragua) is the head of state of Nicaragua.

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President of Northern Cyprus

The President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is the head of state of the TRNC.

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President of Pakistan

The President of Pakistan (صدر مملکت پاکستان —), is the ceremonial head of state of Pakistan and a figurehead who represents the "unity of the Republic." in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.

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President of Palau

The President of the Republic of Palau is the head of government and head of state of Palau.

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President of Paraguay

The President of Paraguay (Presidente de la República del Paraguay) is according to the Constitution of Paraguay the head of the executive branch of the Government of Paraguay, both head of state and head of government.

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President of Peru

The President of the Republic of Peru (Presidente de la República del Perú) is the head of state and head of government of Peru and represents the republic in official international matters.

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President of Poland

The President of the Republic of Poland (Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, shorter form: Prezydent RP) is the head of state of Poland.

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President of Portugal

The President of the Portuguese Republic (Presidente da República Portuguesa) is the executive head of state of Portugal.

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President of Rhodesia

The position of President of Rhodesia was the head of state of Rhodesia from 1970 to 1979.

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President of Romania

The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania.

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President of Russia

The President of the Russian Federation (Prezident Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the elected head of state of the Russian Federation, as well as holder of the highest office in Russia and commander-in-chief of the Russian Armed Forces.

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President of Senegal

The President of Senegal is the head of state of Senegal.

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President of Serbia

The President of Serbia (Председник Србије / Predsednik Srbije), officially styled as the President of the Republic, is the head of state of Serbia.

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President of Serbia and Montenegro

The President of Serbia and Montenegro (italic) was the head of state of Serbia and Montenegro.

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President of Sierra Leone

The President of the Republic of Sierra Leone is the head of state and the head of government of Sierra Leone, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces.

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President of Singapore

The President of the Republic of Singapore is the country's head of state.

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President of Slovakia

The President of the Slovak Republic (Prezident Slovenskej republiky) is the head of state of Slovakia and the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces.

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President of Somalia

The President of Somalia (Madaxaweynaha Soomaaliya) is the head of state of Somalia.

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President of South Africa

The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under the Constitution of South Africa.

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President of South Korea

The President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the South Korean constitution, the chairperson of the cabinet, the chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the head of state of South Korea.

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President of South Ossetia

The President of the Republic of South Ossetia is the de facto head of state of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia that is de jure part of Georgia.

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President of Sri Lanka

The President of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජනාධිපති Śrī Laṃkā Janādhipathi; இலங்கை சனாதிபதி Ilankai janātipati) is the executive head of state and head of government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and commander-in-chief of the Sri Lankan Armed Forces.

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President of Suriname

The President of the Republic of Suriname (President van de Republiek Suriname) is, in accordance with the Constitution of 1987, the head of state and head of government of Suriname, and commander-in-chief of Suriname National Army.

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President of Syria

The President of Syria is the head of state of the Syrian Arab Republic.

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President of Tajikistan

The President of Tajikistan is the head of state and the highest position within the Government of Tajikistan.

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President of Tanzania

The President of the United Republic of Tanzania (Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania) is the head of state and head of government of Tanzania.

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President of the Balearic Islands

The President of the Balearic Islands is the head of government of the Balearic Islands, one of the 17 autonomous communities of Spain, while the monarch Felipe VI remains the head of state as King of Spain (and therefore of the Balearic Islands).

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President of the Canary Islands

The President of the Canary Islands is the head of government of the Canary Islands, one of the 17 autonomous communities of Spain, while the monarch Felipe VI remains the head of state as King of Spain (and therefore of the Canary Islands).

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President of the Confederate States of America

The President of the Confederate States of America was the elected head of state and government of the Confederate States.

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President of the Council of State

The official title President of the Council of State, or Chairman of the Council of State is used to describe the head of the states of Cuba, and formerly communist states in the East Germany, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Cambodia and Vietnam.

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President of the Czech Republic

The President of the Czech Republic is the elected formal head of state of the Czech Republic and the commander-in-chief of the Military of the Czech Republic.

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President of the Dominican Republic

The President of the Dominican Republic (Presidente de la República Dominicana) is both the head of state and head of government of the Dominican Republic.

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President of the European Commission

The President of the European Commission is the head of the European Commission, the executive branch of the:European Union.

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President of the European Council

The President of the European Council is a principal representative of the European Union (EU) on the world stage, and the person presiding over and driving forward the work of the European Council.

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President of the European Parliament

The President of the European Parliament presides over the debates and activities of the European Parliament.

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President of the European Union

The official title President of the European Union (or President of Europe) does not exist, but there are a number of presidents of European Union institutions, including.

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President of the Gambia

The President of the Republic of the Gambia is the head of state and head of government of the Gambia.

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President of the German Bundesrat

In Germany, the President of the Bundesrat or President of the Federal Council (German: Bundesratspräsident) is the chairperson or speaker of the Bundesrat (Federal Council).

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President of the Government of Morocco

The President of the Government of the Kingdom of Morocco is the head of government and serves in a position akin to a prime minister in other constitutional monarchies.

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President of the International Olympic Committee

The International Olympic Committee is a corporation based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrius Vikelas on 23 June 1894.

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President of the Maldives

The President of the Maldives is the head of state and government of the Republic of Maldives, and the commander-in-chief of the Maldives National Defence Force.

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President of the National Assembly of Artsakh

The President of the National Assembly of the Republic of Artsakh (Armenian: Ազգային ժողովի նախագահ, Azgayin zhoghovi naxagah) is the Speaker of the House in the Parliament of Artsakh.

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President of the Palestinian National Authority

The President of the Palestinian National Authority (رئيس السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية) is the highest-ranking political position (equivalent to head of state) in the Palestinian National Authority (PNA).

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President of the People's Republic of China

The President of the People's Republic of China is the head of state of the People's Republic of China.

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President of the Philippines

The President of the Philippines (Pangulo ng Pilipinas, informally referred to as Presidente ng Pilipinas; or in Presidente de Filipinas) is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines.

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President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State

The President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State is the leader of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, the legislative body of Vatican City.

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President of the republic

The President of the Republic is a title used for heads of state and/or heads of government in countries having republican form of government.

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President of the Republic (Spain)

President of the Republic (Presidente de la República) was the title of the head of state during the Second Spanish Republic (1931–39).

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President of the Republic of China

The President of Taiwan, officially the President of the Republic of China, is the head of state and the head of government of Taiwan.

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President of the Republic of Texas

The President of the Republic of Texas was the head of state when Texas was an independent republic from 1836 to 1846.

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President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

The President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of state of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), a government in exile based in the Sahrawi refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria.

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President of the Senate (Italy)

The President of the Senate of the Republic (Presidente del Senato della Repubblica) is the presiding officer of the Italian Senate.

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President of the Soviet Union

The President of the Soviet Union (Президент Советского Союза, Prezident Sovetskogo Soyuza), officially called President of the USSR (Президент СССР) or President of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics (Президент Союза Советских Социалистических Республик), was the head of state of the Soviet Union from 15 March 1990 to 25 December 1991.

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President of the Swiss Confederation

The President of the Confederation, colloquially known as the President of Switzerland or Federal President, is the head of Switzerland's seven-member Federal Council, the country's executive branch.

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President of the United Arab Emirates

The President of the United Arab Emirates is the head of state of the United Arab Emirates.

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President of the United States

The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.

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President of Transnistria

The President of Transnistria is the highest elected official of Transnistria, a small unrecognized country which declared independence from Moldova in 1990.

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President of Trinidad and Tobago

The President of Trinidad and Tobago is the head of state of Trinidad and Tobago and the commander-in-chief of the Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force.

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President of Tunisia

The President of Tunisia, formally known as the President of the Republic of Tunisia (رئيس الجمهورية التونسية, Président de la République tunisienne) is the head of state of Tunisia.

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President of Turkey

The President of the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanı) is the head of state of the Republic of Turkey.

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President of Uganda

The President of the Republic of Uganda is the head of state and head of government of Uganda.

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President of Ukraine

The President of Ukraine (Президент України, Prezydent Ukrayiny) is the Ukrainian head of state.

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President of Uruguay

The President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (Presidente de la República Oriental del Uruguay) is the head of state and head of government of Uruguay.

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President of Venezuela

The President of Venezuela (Presidente de Venezuela), officially known as the President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Presidente de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is the head of state and head of government in Venezuela's presidential system.

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President of Vietnam

The President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Chủ tịch nước Cộng hoà Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam) is, according to the constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the elected head of state of Vietnam, holds the second highest office in Vietnam after General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam.

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President of Yemen

The President of the Republic of Yemen is the head of state of Yemen.

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President of Yugoslavia

The President of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, or the President of the Republic for short, was the head of state of that country from 14 January 1953 to 4 May 1980.

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President of Zambia

The President of Zambia is the head of state and the head of government of Zambia.

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President of Zimbabwe

The President of Zimbabwe is the head of state of Zimbabwe.

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President of Zimbabwe Rhodesia

The position of President of Zimbabwe Rhodesia was the head of state of Zimbabwe Rhodesia.

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President pro tempore of the Union of South American Nations

The President Pro Tempore of the Union of South American Nations is the head position and representant of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR).

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President-Regent

Riigihoidja (officially translated as President-Regent) was the name of the office of the head of state and head of government of Estonia from 3 September 1937 to 24 April 1938.

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Presidential Complex

The Presidential Complex (Cumhurbaşkanlığı Külliyesi) is the presidential palace of the Republic of Turkey.

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Presidential Council (Libya)

The Presidential Council (المجلس الرئاسي) of Libya is a body formed under the terms of the Libyan Political Agreement which was signed on 17 December 2015.

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Presidential election

A presidential election is the election of any head of state whose official title is President.

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Presidential elections in Singapore

Presidential elections in Singapore, in which the President of Singapore is directly elected by popular vote, were introduced through amendments to the Constitution of Singapore in 1991.

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Presidential Food Service

Presidential Food Service provides worldwide food service, security and personal support to the President and First Family.

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Presidential palace

A presidential palace is the official residence of the president in some countries.

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Presidential system

A presidential system is a democratic and republican system of government where a head of government leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch.

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Presidential transition of Donald Trump

Planning for the presidential transition of Donald Trump, led by then Vice President-elect, former Governor Mike Pence of Indiana, began before Donald Trump won the United States presidential election on November 8, 2016, and became the President-elect.

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Presidents of Chile timeline

The timeline shows changes, both personal or title, of the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile from 18 September 1810 until today, regardless of whether president, vice-president, supreme director, interim or junta.

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Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Президія Верховної Ради УРСР), referred to between 1991 and 1996 as the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (Президія Верховної Ради України) was a permanent body of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR that was accountable to it in its activity and, within the limits prescribed by the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR, performed functions of the highest state power in the Ukrainian SSR.

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Prime minister

A prime minister is the head of a cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system.

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Prime Minister of Brazil

The political position of Prime Minister of Brazil existed in two different parliamentary periods in the country's history: from 1847 to 1889 (during most of the Empire) and from 1961 to 1963 (during the last years of the Second Republic).

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Prime Minister of Brunei

The Prime Minister of Brunei (Malay: Perdana Menteri Negara Brunei Darussalam) is the head of government of Brunei.

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Prime Minister of Canada

The Prime Minister of Canada (Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus Canada's head of government, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or Governor General of Canada on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution.

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Prime Minister of Denmark

The Prime Minister of Denmark (Danmarks statsminister; literally "Minister of the State") is the head of government in the Kingdom of Denmark.

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Prime Minister of East Timor

The Prime Minister of Timor-Leste (Primeiro-Ministro, Primeiru-Ministru) is the head of government in East Timor.

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Prime Minister of Ethiopia

The Prime Minister of Ethiopia is the head of the Ethiopian government and the most powerful figure in Ethiopian politics.

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Prime Minister of Greece

The Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic (Πρωθυπουργός της Ελληνικής Δημοκρατίας, Pro̱thypourgós ti̱s Elli̱nikí̱s Di̱mokratías), colloquially referred to as the Prime Minister of Greece (Πρωθυπουργός της Ελλάδας, Pro̱thypourgós ti̱s Elládas), is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek cabinet.

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Prime Minister of India

The Prime Minister of India is the leader of the executive of the Government of India.

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Prime Minister of Iraq

The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government.

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Prime Minister of Israel

The Prime Minister of Israel (רֹאשׁ הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה, Rosh HaMemshala, lit. Head of the Government, Hebrew acronym: רה״מ; رئيس الحكومة, Ra'īs al-Ḥukūma) is the head of government of Israel and the most powerful figure in Israeli politics.

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Prime Minister of Jamaica

The Prime Minister of Jamaica is Jamaica's head of government, currently Andrew Holness.

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Prime Minister of Mauritius

The Prime Minister of Mauritius (Premier Ministre de Maurice) is the head of government of Mauritius.

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Prime Minister of Myanmar

The Prime Minister of Myanmar was the head of government of Myanmar (also known as Burma) from 1948 to 2011.

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Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus

The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister head of government, and of a multi-party system.

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Prime Minister of Pakistan

The Prime Minister of Pakistan (وزِیرِ اعظم —,; lit. "Grand Vizier") is the head of government of Pakistan and designated as the "chief executive of the Republic".

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Prime Minister of Samoa

The Prime Minister of Samoa is the head of government of the Independent State of Samoa, a sovereign country located in the Pacific Ocean.

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Prime Minister of Sri Lanka

The Prime Minister of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (ශ්‍රී ලංකා අග්‍රාමාත්‍ය; இலங்கை பிரதமர்) is the most senior member of parliament in the cabinet of ministers in Sri Lanka which is collectively accountable for their policies and actions to parliament.

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Prime Minister of Sweden

The Prime Minister (statsminister, literally "Minister of the State") is the head of government in Sweden.

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Prime Minister of Syria

The Prime Minister of Syria is the head of state of the Syrian Arab Republic.

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Prime Minister of Thailand

The Prime Minister (นายกรัฐมนตรี) of Thailand is the head of government of Thailand.

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Prime Minister of the Bahamas

The Prime Minister of The Bahamas is the head of government of the Bahamas, currently Hubert Minnis.

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Prime Minister of the Philippines

The Prime Minister of the Philippines (Punong Ministro ng Pilipinas) was the official designation of the head of the government (whereas the President of the Philippines was the head of state) of the Philippines from 1978 until the People Power Revolution in 1986.

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Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands

The Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands is Solomon Islands' head of government, consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the National Parliament.

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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the United Kingdom government.

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Prime Minister of Zambia

The Prime Minister of Zambia was the head of government of Zambia.

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Prime Minister of Zimbabwe

The Prime Minister of Zimbabwe was a political office in the government of Zimbabwe that existed on two separate occasions.

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Prime minister-designate

The term prime minister-designate is used to refer to a person who is expected to succeed an incumbent as prime minister as the result of a general election, as a result of winning the leadership of a currently governing party or after being named by the head of state to form a new government after a public referendum or vote of no confidence against the sitting prime minister.

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Primus inter pares

Primus inter pares (Πρῶτος μεταξὺ ἴσων) is a Latin phrase meaning first among equals.

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Prince

A prince is a male ruler or member of a monarch's or former monarch's family ranked below a king and above a duke.

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Prince Higashifushimi Yorihito

was the second (and last) head of the Higashifushimi-no-miya, an ōke cadet branch of the Japanese imperial family.

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Prince Joseph Wenzel of Liechtenstein

Prince Joseph Wenzel of Liechtenstein, Count Rietberg (Joseph Wenzel Maximilian Maria von und zu Liechtenstein; born 24 May 1995) is the eldest child of Prince Alois of Liechtenstein, the Regent and Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein, and his wife Princess Sophie of Bavaria, Duchess in Bavaria, he is also the eldest grandchild of the current ruling prince of Liechtenstein.

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Prince Kiril of Bulgaria

Prince Kyril of Bulgaria, Prince of Preslav (Kyril Heinrich Franz Ludwig Anton Karl Philipp; 17 November 1895 – 1 February 1945) was the second son of Ferdinand I of Bulgaria and his first wife Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma.

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Princeps

Princeps (plural: principes) is a Latin word meaning "first in time or order; the first, foremost, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble; the first man, first person".

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Princess Leia

Princess Leia Organa of Alderaan (also Senator Leia Organa or General Leia Organa) is a fictional character in the ''Star Wars'' franchise, portrayed in films by Carrie Fisher.

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Principate

The Principate is the name sometimes given to the first period of the Roman Empire from the beginning of the reign of Augustus in 27 BC to the end of the Crisis of the Third Century in 284 AD, after which it evolved into the so-called Dominate.

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Prior to 1800 in New Zealand

The first humans are thought to have arrived in New Zealand from Polynesia some time between 800AD and 1385AD.

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Privy council

A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a nation, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government.

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Privy Purse

The Privy Purse is the British Sovereign's private income, mostly from the Duchy of Lancaster.

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Pro forma

The term pro forma (Latin for "as a matter of form" or "for the sake of form") is most often used to describe a practice or document that is provided as a courtesy or satisfies minimum requirements, conforms to a norm or doctrine, tends to be performed perfunctorily or is considered a formality.

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Proclamation

A proclamation (Lat. proclamare, to make public by announcement) is an official declaration issued by a person of authority to make certain announcements known.

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Proclamation No. 1081

Proclamation № 1081 was the proclamation of Martial Law in the Philippines by President Ferdinand E. Marcos.

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Proclamation of the German Empire

The proclamation of the German Empire (Deutsche Reichsgründung) took place in January 1871 after the joint victory of the German states in the Franco-Prussian War.

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Prometheism

Prometheism or Prometheanism (Polish: Prometeizm) was a political project initiated by Poland's Józef Piłsudski.

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Promulgation

Promulgation is the formal proclamation or declaration that a new statutory or administrative law is enacted after its final approval.

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Prostitution in Brunei

Prostitution in Brunei is illegal and can incur a punishment of imprisonment for 1 year and a fine of BN$ 5,000 for a first offence, or 3 years and BN$ 10,000 on a second or subsequent conviction.

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Protection of Diplomats Convention

The Protection of Diplomats Convention (formally, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents) is a United Nations anti-terrorism treaty that codifies some of the traditional principles on the necessity of protecting diplomats.

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Protectorate

A protectorate, in its inception adopted by modern international law, is a dependent territory that has been granted local autonomy and some independence while still retaining the suzerainty of a greater sovereign state.

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Provisional Government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia

The Temporary Government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (/ Привремена влада Демократске Федеративне Југославије) was the state's temporary national government formed through the merger of the Yugoslav government-in-exile and the National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia (NKOJ).

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Provisorische Zentralgewalt

The Provisorische Zentralgewalt (Provisional Central Power) was the provisional government of the Frankfurt Parliament (1848–49).

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Public image of George W. Bush

George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States, has elicited a variety of public perceptions regarding his policies, personality, and performance as a head of state.

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Purna Swaraj

The, or Declaration of the Independence of India, was promulgated by the Indian National Congress on 19 December 1929, resolving the Congress and Indian nationalists to fight for Purna Swaraj, or complete self-rule independent of the British Empire (literally in Sanskrit, purna (पूर्ण), "complete", swa (स्व), "self," raj (राज), "rule," thus "complete self-rule").

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Quebec

Quebec (Québec)According to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in English; the name is.

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Quebec Legislature

The Quebec Legislature (officially Parliament of Quebec, Assemblée National du Québec) is the legislature of the province of Quebec, Canada, since Confederation in 1867.

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Queen Beatrix International Airport

Queen Beatrix International Airport (Dutch: Internationale luchthaven Koningin Beatrix; Papiamento: Aeropuerto Internacional Reina Beatrix), is an international airport located in Oranjestad, Aruba.

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Queen of Guyana

Elizabeth II was Queen of Guyana from 1966 to 1970, when Guyana was independent sovereign state with a constitutional monarchy.

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Queen of Kenya

Queen of Kenya was a title held by Elizabeth II as the head of state of Kenya from 1963 to 1964.

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Queen of Malawi

For two years from Malawi's independence in 1964, the country was a monarchy with Elizabeth II as its queen.

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Queen of Malta

From 1964 to 1974, Elizabeth II was Queen of Malta.

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Queen of Mauritius

Elizabeth II was Queen of Mauritius from 1968 to 1992.

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Queen of Nigeria

From 1960 to 1963, Elizabeth II was Queen of Nigeria: Nigeria was an independent constitutional monarchy.

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Queen of Sierra Leone

Elizabeth II was Queen of Sierra Leone from 1961 to 1971, when Sierra Leone was an independent constitutional monarchy.

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Queen of Tanganyika

From 1961 to 1962, Tanganyika was an independent sovereign state with Elizabeth II as its queen.

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Queen of the Gambia

Elizabeth II was Queen of The Gambia from 1965 to 1970, when The Gambia was a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth of Nations.

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Queen of Trinidad and Tobago

Elizabeth II was Queen of Trinidad and Tobago from 1962 to 1976.

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Queen of Uganda

Queen of Uganda was a title used by Queen Elizabeth II while Uganda was an independent constitutional monarchy between 9 October 1962 and 9 October 1963.

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Queen's Counsel

A Queen's Counsel (postnominal QC), or King's Counsel (postnominal KC) during the reign of a king, is an eminent lawyer (usually a barrister or advocate) who is appointed by the Monarch to be one of "Her Majesty's Counsel learned in the law." The term is also recognised as an honorific.

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Raúl Castro

Raúl Modesto Castro Ruz (born 3 June 1931) is a Cuban politician and leader who is currently serving as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, the most senior position in the Communist state, succeeding his brother Fidel Castro in April 2011.

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Rada Trzech

The Council of Three (Rada Trzech) was a collegial body created by the Polish Government in Exile in 1954 with prerogatives of the President of Poland.

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Raghadan Palace

Raghadan Palace is a crown palace located in the Royal Court compound of Al-Maquar in Amman, Jordan.

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Raimondo Montecuccoli

Raimondo, Count of Montecúccoli or Montecucculi (Raimondo Graf Montecúccoli; 21 February 1609 – 16 October 1680) was an Italian military commander who also served as general for the Habsburg Monarchy, and was also a prince of the Holy Roman Empire and Neapolitan Duke of Melfi.

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Rainier III, Prince of Monaco

Rainier III (born Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi; 31 May 1923 – 6 April 2005) ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs in European history.

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Raja Permaisuri Agong

Raja Permaisuri Agong (Jawi: راج ڤرمايسوري اݢوڠ; full title: Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Raja Permaisuri Agong; سري ڤدوک بݢيندا راج ڤرمايسوري اݢوڠ) is the title given to the consort of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the elected, constitutional head of state of Malaysia.

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Rally 'round the flag effect

The rally 'round the flag effect (or syndrome) is a concept used in political science and international relations to explain increased short-run popular support of the President of the United States during periods of international crisis or war.

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Rashtrapati

Rashtrapati (Bengali: রাষ্ট্রপতি/ Devanagari: राष्ट्रपति) is a South Asian title for "Head of state" or President of the Republic.

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Rúhíyyih Khánum

Rúhíyyih Rabbání (8 Aug 1910 – 19 Jan 2000), born as Mary Sutherland Maxwell, and best known by the title Amatu'l-Bahá Rúhíyyih Khánum was the wife of Shoghi Effendi, the Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith from 1921–1957.

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RCMP "E" Division

"E" Division is the division of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in the province of British Columbia, Canada's westernmost province.

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Realpolitik

Realpolitik (from real; "realistic", "practical", or "actual"; and Politik; "politics") is politics or diplomacy based primarily on considerations of given circumstances and factors, rather than explicit ideological notions or moral and ethical premises.

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Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician serving as President of Turkey since 2014.

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Records of heads of state

Heads of state throughout the world and at all periods of history may be ranked according to characteristics such as length of time holding that position; age of accession or death; or physical attributes.

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Red carpet

A red carpet is traditionally used to mark the route taken by heads of state on ceremonial and formal occasions, and has in recent decades been extended to use by VIPs and celebrities at formal events.

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Regalia of the Netherlands

The regalia of the Netherlands consists of a number of items symbolising the Dutch monarch's authority and dignity.

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Regent of Hungary

The Regent of Hungary was a position established in 1446 and renewed in 1920.

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Reichsflotte

The Reichsflotte (Imperial Fleet) was the first navy for all of Germany, established by the revolutionary German Empire to provide a naval force in the First Schleswig War against Denmark.

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Religion in Canada

Religion in Canada encompasses a wide range of groups and beliefs.

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Religion in New Zealand

Religion in New Zealand encompasses a wide range of groups and beliefs.

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Religious views of Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) was considered an insightful and erudite theologian by his contemporaries.

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Representative Brass Band of the National Guards Unit of Bulgaria

The Representative Brass Band of the National Guards Unit of Bulgaria (Гвардейски представителен духов оркестър към Националната гвардейска част на България) is the official representative brass band of the National Guards Unit of the Bulgarian Armed Forces.

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Representative democracy in Singapore

Singapore has a multi-party parliamentary system of representative democracy in which the President of Singapore is the head of state and the Prime Minister of Singapore is the head of government.

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Representatives of the President of Ukraine

Representatives of the President of Ukraine in Ukraine are five chief offices that are directed by a presidential representative.

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Republic

A republic (res publica) is a form of government in which the country is considered a "public matter", not the private concern or property of the rulers.

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Republic of Artsakh

The Republic of Artsakh (Արցախի Հանրապետություն Arts'akhi Hanrapetut'yun), or simply Artsakh, commonly known by its former name of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic between 1991 and 2017, is a state with limited recognition in the South Caucasus internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan.

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Republic of Hawaii

The Republic of Hawaii was the formal name of the nation of Hawaiokinai between July 4, 1894, when the Provisional Government of Hawaii ended, and August 12, 1898, when it was annexed by the United States as a territory of the United States.

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Republic of Ireland

Ireland (Éire), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland.

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Republic of Ireland Act 1948

The Republic of Ireland Act 1948 (No. 22 of 1948) is an Act of the Oireachtas which declared that Ireland may be officially described as the Republic of Ireland, and vested in the President of Ireland the power to exercise the executive authority of the state in its external relations, on the advice of the Government of Ireland.

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Republic of Kuwait

The Republic of Kuwait was a short-lived and self-styled republic formed in the aftermath of the invasion of Kuwait by Ba'athist Iraq during the early stages of the Persian Gulf War.

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Republic of Noli

The Republic of Noli was an Italian Maritime republic centered on the city of Noli that existed from 1192 to 1797.

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Republic of Ragusa

The Republic of Ragusa was a maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik (Ragusa in Italian, German and Latin; Raguse in French) in Dalmatia (today in southernmost Croatia) that carried that name from 1358 until 1808.

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Republican Guard (Algeria)

The Algerian Republican Guard (Arabic:الحرس الجمهوري الجزائري; French:Garde républicaine algérienne), is a military corps of the Algerian army.The Algerian Republican Guard is composed of about 6,000 troops.

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Republicanism

Republicanism is an ideology centered on citizenship in a state organized as a republic under which the people hold popular sovereignty.

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Republicanism in Canada

Canadian republicanism is a movement among Canadians for the replacement of the Canadian system of federal constitutional monarchy with a republican form of government.

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Republicanism in New Zealand

Republicanism in New Zealand is a political position that holds that New Zealand's system of government should be changed from a constitutional monarchy to a republic.

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Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations

The republics in the Commonwealth of Nations are the sovereign states in the Commonwealth of Nations with a republican form of government.

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Reserve power

In a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of government, a reserve power is a power that may be exercised by the head of state without the approval of another branch of the government.

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Resistance theory in the Early Modern period

Resistance theory is an aspect of political thought, discussing the basis on which constituted authority may be resisted, by individuals or groups.

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Responsible government

Responsible government is a conception of a system of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability, the foundation of the Westminster system of parliamentary democracy.

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Revelation (Star Wars novel)

Revelation is the eighth novel in the Legacy of the Force series.

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Rhodesia

Rhodesia was an unrecognised state in southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe.

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Rhodesian constitutional referendum, 1969

A double referendum was held in Rhodesia on 20 June 1969, in which voters were asked whether they were in favour of or against a) the adoption of a republican form of government and b) the proposals for a new Constitution, as set out in a White Paper and published in a Gazette Extraordinary on 21 May 1969. Both proposals were approved. The country was subsequently declared a republic on 2 March 1970.

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Rhodesian mission in Lisbon

The Rhodesian mission in Lisbon (Missão da Rodésia em Lisboa), the capital of Portugal, operated from September 1965 to May 1975.

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Riau-Lingga Sultanate

Riau-Lingga Sultanate (Malay/Indonesian: Kesultanan Riau-Lingga, Jawi: كسلطانن رياو-ليڠڬ), also known as the Lingga-Riau Sultanate, Riau Sultanate or Lingga Sultanate was a Malay sultanate that existed from 1824 to 1911, before being dissolved following Dutch intervention.

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Richard Burgon

Richard Burgon (born 19 September 1980) is a British Labour Party politician and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Leeds East.

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Richard Halliburton

Richard Halliburton (January 9, 1900 – presumed dead after March 24, 1939) was an American traveler, adventurer, and author.

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Rideau Hall

Rideau Hall (officially Government House) is, since 1867, the official residence in Ottawa of both the Canadian monarch and his or her representative, the Governor General of Canada.

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Rif Republic

The Republic of the Rif (officially The Confederal Republic of the Tribes of the Rif) was a republic in northern Morocco that existed between 1921 and 1926.

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Riksdag

The Riksdag (riksdagen or Sveriges riksdag) is the national legislature and the supreme decision-making body of Sweden.

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Rocking chair

A rocking chair or rocker is a type of chair with two curved bands (also known as rockers) attached to the bottom of the legs, connecting the legs on each side to each other.

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Roland Michener

Daniel Roland Michener (April 19, 1900 – August 6, 1991), commonly known as Roland Michener, was a Canadian lawyer, politician, and diplomat who served as Governor General of Canada, the 20th since Canadian Confederation.

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Rolandas Paksas

Rolandas Paksas (born 10 June 1956) is a Lithuanian politician who was President of Lithuania from 2003 to 2004.

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Role of France in the Rwandan genocide

The role of France in the Rwandan genocide of 1994 has been a source of controversy and debate both within and beyond France and Rwanda.

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Roma Tre University

Roma Tre University. (Università degli Studi Roma Tre) is an Italian public research university located in Rome, Italy, with its main campus situated in the Ostiense quarter. Founded in 1992 by the Ministry of Public Education, under the request of several professors of the Sapienza University of Rome, it was the third public university to be established in the metropolitan area of Rome. The university comprises 8 schools and 32 departments, enrolling 35,338 students and having 1,370 academic and professional staff. At present, the university offers 54 undergraduate degree programs, 75 master's degree programs, 16 doctoral schools and five PhD programs. It is the second-largest university of Rome by enrollment and one of the largest research-based institutions in the country.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Carora

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Carora (Caroren(sis)) is a diocese located in the city of Carora in the Ecclesiastical province of Barquisimeto in Venezuela.

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Rotary International

Rotary International is an international service organization whose stated purpose is to bring together business and professional leaders in order to provide humanitarian services, encourage high ethical standards in all vocations, and to advance goodwill and peace around the world.

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Royal and noble ranks

Traditional rank amongst European royalty, peers, and nobility is rooted in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

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Royal Bend of Castile

The Royal Band of Castile (Banda Real de Castilla), was the heraldic flag of the monarchs of the Crown of Castile, a personal banner of military use, distinctive indicating to the troops the presence of the monarch and allowed them to have identified his position in the battles.

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Royal Canadian Air Force VIP aircraft

The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) maintains specialised aircraft to transport Canada's monarch, governor general, other members of the Royal Family, prime minister, other senior members of the Government of Canada, and other dignitaries.

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Royal Order of the Seraphim

The Royal Order of the Seraphim (Swedish: Kungliga Serafimerorden; Seraphim being a category of Angels) is a Swedish order of chivalry created by King Frederick I on 23 February 1748, together with the Order of the Sword and the Order of the Polar Star.

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Royal Palace of El Pardo

The Royal Palace of El Pardo (Palacio Real de El Pardo) is a historic building near Madrid, Spain, in the present-day district of Fuencarral-El Pardo.

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Royal standards of Canada

The Royal Standards of Canada are a set of uniquely Canadian personal flags approved by the Queen of Canada for use by members of the Canadian Royal Family.

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Royal Succession Bills and Acts

Royal Succession Bills and Acts are pieces of (proposed) legislation to determine the legal line of succession to the Monarchy of the United Kingdom.

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Royalist

A royalist supports a particular monarch as head of state for a particular kingdom, or of a particular dynastic claim.

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Rulers of Nations

Rulers of Nations, also known as Geo-Political-Simulator 2, is the second installment of the ''Geo-Political'' series.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russian presidential referendum, 1991

A referendum on creating the post of President of Russia was held in Russia on 17 March 1991.

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Rwanda

Rwanda (U Rwanda), officially the Republic of Rwanda (Repubulika y'u Rwanda; République du Rwanda), is a sovereign state in Central and East Africa and one of the smallest countries on the African mainland.

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Sabah

Sabah is a state of Malaysia located on the northern portion of Borneo Island.

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Sacerdotal state

A sacerdotal state is a state whose head is also an ecclesiastical leader designated by a religious body.

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Sacrifice (novel)

Sacrifice is a science fiction novel by American writer Karen Traviss, released on May 29, 2007.

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Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

The Sahrawi Republic, officially the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR; also romanized with Saharawi; República Árabe Saharaui Democrática; الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية), is a partially recognized state that controls a thin strip of area in the Western Sahara region and claims sovereignty over the entire territory of Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony and later province.

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Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Kitts and Nevis, also known as the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis, is an island country in the West Indies.

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Saint Lucia

Saint Lucia (Sainte-Lucie) is a sovereign island country in the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean.

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Salaudeen Latinwo

Salaudeen Adebola Latinwo (born 1943) is a retired Group Captain in the Nigerian Air Force and a former military Governor of Kwara State, Nigeria, under Muhammadu Buhari's military government.

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Salote Mafileʻo Pilolevu Tuita

Pilolevu, Princess Royal of Tonga, The Honourable Lady Tuita (born; Sālote Mafileʻo Pilolevu Tukuʻaho; born on 14 November 1951 in Tonga) is a royal princess of the Kingdom of Tonga and a member of the House of Tupou.

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Salute

A salute is a gesture or other action used to display respect.

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Samoa

Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa (Malo Saʻoloto Tutoʻatasi o Sāmoa; Sāmoa) and, until 4 July 1997, known as Western Samoa, is a unitary parliamentary democracy with eleven administrative divisions.

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Samoan o le Ao o le Malo election, 2007

The Samoan Fono elected the second o le Ao o le Malo (the head of state of Samoa) on June 16, 2007 after the death of the country's head of state for four and a half decades, Malietoa Tanumafili II, in May 2007.

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Samoan o le Ao o le Malo election, 2012

Indirect elections for the o le Ao o le Malo (head of state) were held in Samoa on 19 July 2012.

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San Marino

San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino (Repubblica di San Marino), also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino), is an enclaved microstate surrounded by Italy, situated on the Italian Peninsula on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains.

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Sandringham House

Sandringham House is a country house in the parish of Sandringham, Norfolk, England.

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Sao Shwe Thaik

Sao Shwe Thaik (စဝ်ရွှေသိုက်,; 16 October 1895 – 21 November 1962) was the first president of the Union of Burma and the last Saopha of Yawnghwe.

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Sardar

Sardar (سردار,; "Commander" literally; "Headmaster"), also spelled as Sirdar, Sardaar, Shordar or Serdar, is a title of nobility that was originally used to denote princes, noblemen, and other aristocrats.

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Sash of the Three Orders

The Sash of the Three Orders is the insignia of the Portuguese presidential magistracy, therefore it cannot be used outside the exercise of office of the President of the Portuguese Republic.

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Saskatchewan Legislature

The Legislature of Saskatchewan is the legislature of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada.

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Satrio Piningit

Satrio Piningit (Gedrik Javanese: Satriå Pininģit, Javanese Hanacaraka: ꦩꦉꦠ꧀꧇꧒꧐꧑; means "Hidden Knight/ Hidden Kshatriya") is a Javanese character of Jongko Joyobhoyo (Jayabaya Prophecies) in Javanese myths by which considered as one who would become a Great Leader of Nusantara (modern-day Indonesia) and rule all over the world from Java.

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Saye Zerbo

Saye Zerbo (27 August 1932 – 19 September 2013) was a Burkinabé military officer the third President of the Republic of Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) from 25 November 1980 until 7 November 1982.

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Sayyid Ahmed Amiruddin

Sayyid Ahmed Amiruddin (born 1978) pioneered the Canadian concept of a systematic radicalization prevention initiative and a 12-step de-radicalization program.

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São Toméan legislative election, 1994

Parliamentary elections were held in São Tomé and Príncipe on 2 October 1994.

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Schröder family

The Schröder family is a Hanseatic family of Hamburg, that is, a family that belonged to the historical ruling class of grand burghers (also known more broadly in English as patricians) of the city republic prior to the constitutional changes in 1918–19.

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Scottish republicanism

Scottish republicanism (Poblachdas na h-Alba) is an ideology based on the belief that Scotland should be a republic, as opposed to being under the monarchy of the United Kingdom.

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Scottish statutory instrument

A Scottish statutory instrument (Ionnsramaid Reachdail na h-Alba; SSI) is subordinate legislation made by the Scottish Ministers or a regulatory authority in exercise of powers delegated by an Act of the Scottish Parliament.

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Scrameustache

The Scrameustache is a fictional character in a science-fiction Franco-Belgian comics series of the same name.

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Second Dáil

The Second Dáil was Dáil Éireann as it convened from 16 August 1921 until 8 June 1922.

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Second Philippine Republic

The Second Philippine Republic, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas; きょうわこく|Firipin kyōwakoku; Spanish: República de Filipinas), or known in the Philippines as Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic, was a puppet state established on October 14, 1943, during the Japanese occupation.

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Secretariats of the Presidency of Guatemala

The president of Guatemala is both the head of state and the head of government.

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Secretary of state

The title secretary of state or state secretary is commonly used for senior or mid-level posts in governments around the world.

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Security police

In some countries, security police are those persons, employed by or for a governmental agency, who provide police and security services to those agencies' properties.

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Selangor state election, 2013

The 13th Selangor state election was held on 5 May 2013.

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Selangor state election, 2018

The 14th Selangor state election was held on 9 May 2018.

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Selangor Sultanate

Sultan of Selangor is the title of the constitutional ruler of Selangor, Malaysia.

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Self-governance of Singapore

The self-governance of Singapore was carried out in several stages.

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Semi-presidential system

A semi-presidential system or dual executive system is a system of government in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, with the latter two being responsible for the legislature of a state.

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Senate of Berlin

The Senate of Berlin is the executive body governing the city of Berlin, which at the same time is a state of Germany.

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Senior Advisor

In some countries, a Senior Advisor is an appointed position by the Head of State to advise on the highest levels of national and government policy.

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Separation of church and state

The separation of church and state is a philosophic and jurisprudential concept for defining political distance in the relationship between religious organizations and the nation state.

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Septinsular Republic

The Septinsular Republic (Ἑπτάνησος Πολιτεία, Repubblica Settinsulare, جزاييرى صباى موجتميا جومهورو Cezayir-i Seb'a-i Müctemia Cumhuru) was an island republic that existed from 1800 to 1807 under nominal Russian and Ottoman sovereignty in the Ionian Islands.

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Serbia

Serbia (Србија / Srbija),Pannonian Rusyn: Сербия; Szerbia; Albanian and Romanian: Serbia; Slovak and Czech: Srbsko,; Сърбия.

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Service du travail obligatoire

The Service du travail obligatoire (Compulsory Work Service; STO) was the forced enlistment and deportation of hundreds of thousands of French workers to Nazi Germany to work as forced labour for the German war effort during World War II.

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Seventh East Asia Summit

The Seventh East Asia Summit was held in Phnom Penh, Cambodia on 19–20 November 2012.

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Seychelles

Seychelles (French), officially the Republic of Seychelles (République des Seychelles; Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an archipelago and sovereign state in the Indian Ocean.

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Seymour Siegel

Seymour Siegel (September 12, 1927 - February 24, 1988), often referred to as "an architect of Conservative Jewish theology," was an American Conservative rabbi, a Professor of Ethics and Theology at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTS), the 1983-1984 Executive Director of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council,"Ari L. Goldman, "Rabbi Seymour Siegel, 61, Leader In Conservative Judaism, Is Dead," The New York Times, Feb 25, 1988.

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Shannon Marketic

Shannon LaRhea Marketic (born January 14, 1971), is an American actress and beauty pageant titleholder who was Miss California USA and Miss USA 1992.

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Sharon Savoy

Sharon Savoy is an American dancer, choreographer and author.

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Sheikh Abdullah

Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah (5 December 1905 – 8 September 1982) was a Kashmiri politician who played a central role in the politics of Jammu and Kashmir, the northernmost Indian state.

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Sherpa (emissary)

A sherpa is the personal representative of a head of state or government who prepares an international summit, particularly the annual G7 Summit.

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Shonagh Daly

Shonagh Daly (born 1980 in Castletroy, Co. Limerick) is an Irish singer and musical performer.

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Siachen conflict

The Siachen conflict, sometimes referred to as the Siachen War, was a military conflict between India and Pakistan over the disputed Siachen Glacier region in Kashmir.

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Siachen Glacier

The Siachen Glacier (Hindi: सियाचिन ग्लेशियर, Urdu: سیاچن گلیشیر) is a glacier located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalayas at about, just northeast of the point NJ9842 where the Line of Control between India and Pakistan ends.

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Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa.

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Sierra Leone (1961–1971)

Sierra Leone was a sovereign state with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state between independence on 27 April 1961 and becoming the Republic of Sierra Leone on 19 April 1971.

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Sign-on and sign-off

A sign-on (or start-up) is the beginning of operations for a radio or television station, generally at the start of each day.

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Signatories to the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe

The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe was signed in Rome on 29 October 2004 by 53 senior political figures from the 25 member states of the European Union.

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Sigvard Bernadotte

Sigvard Oscar Fredrik Bernadotte, Prince Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg (7 June 1907 – 4 February 2002), was a Swedish prince and industrial designer.

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Sikhanyiso Ndlovu

Sikhanyiso Ndlovu was a Zimbabwean politician who was Minister of Information and Publicity from 2007 to 2008.

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Singaporean presidential election, 2011

The Singaporean presidential election of 2011 was the fourth Singaporean presidential election, held on 27 August 2011 after president S. R. Nathan term ended in September 2011.

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Singaporean presidential election, 2017

The Singaporean presidential election of 2017 was the fifth Singaporean presidential election after president Tony Tan term ended on 31 August.

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Singaporean presidential election, 2023

The Singaporean presidential election of 2023 will be the sixth Singaporean presidential election.

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Singranatore family

The Singranatore family (سنرعناتور زمیندار خاندان, Hindi: सिंगरौनाटोर जमीनदारी परिवार, Bengali: সিংড়ানাটোর পরিবার) is the consanguineous name given to a noble family in Rajshahi of landed aristocracy in erstwhile East Bengal (present day Bangladesh) that were prominent in the nineteenth century till the fall of the monarchy in India by Royal Assent in 1947 and subsequently abolished by the newly formed democratic Government of East Pakistan in 1950 by the State Acquisition Act.

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Sinhalese monarchy

The Sinhalese monarchy has its origins in the settlement of North Indian Indo-Aryan immigrants to the island of Sri Lanka.

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Sixth East Asia Summit

The Sixth East Asia Summit was held in Bali, Indonesia on November 18–19, 2011.

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Slovakia

Slovakia (Slovensko), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovenská republika), is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Slovenia

Slovenia (Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene:, abbr.: RS), is a country in southern Central Europe, located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes.

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Snap election

A snap election is an election called earlier than expected.

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SOAS, University of London

SOAS University of London (the School of Oriental and African Studies), is a public research university in London, England, and a constituent college of the federal University of London.

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Solemn Declaration on European Union

The Solemn Declaration on European Union was signed by the then 10 heads of state and government on Sunday 19 June 1983, at the Stuttgart European Council held in Stuttgart.

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Solomon Islands

Solomon Islands is a sovereign country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania lying to the east of Papua New Guinea and northwest of Vanuatu and covering a land area of.

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Somali presidential election, 2012

Indirect presidential elections were held in Somalia on 10 September 2012.

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Somalia

Somalia (Soomaaliya; aṣ-Ṣūmāl), officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe Federal Republic of Somalia is the country's name per Article 1 of the.

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South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

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South Africa women's national cricket team

The South Africa women's national cricket team, nicknamed the Proteas, represents South Africa in international women's cricket.

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South African Constitution of 1961

The Constitution of 1961 (formally the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961) was the fundamental law of South Africa for two decades.

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South African republic referendum, 1960

A referendum on becoming a republic was held in South Africa on 5 October 1960.

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South America

South America is a continent in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.

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South Ossetia

South Ossetia or Tskhinvali Region, is a disputed territory in the South Caucasus, in the northern part of the internationally recognised Georgian territory.

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South Sudan

South Sudan, officially known as the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa.

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South Vietnam

South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, Việt Nam Cộng Hòa), was a country that existed from 1955 to 1975 and comprised the southern half of what is now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

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Southern African Development Community

The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is an inter-governmental organization headquartered in Gaborone, Botswana.

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Sovereign

The word Sovereign comes through Old French soverain from the Latin superānus and means "above".

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Sovereign (disambiguation)

A sovereign is the supreme lawmaking authority within a particular jurisdiction.

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Sovereignty

Sovereignty is the full right and power of a governing body over itself, without any interference from outside sources or bodies.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Spain–United States relations

The groundwork for interstate relations between Spain and the United States of America was laid by the colonization of parts of the Americas by Spain.

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Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española),Also known as The Crusade (La Cruzada) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War (Cuarta Guerra Carlista) among Carlists, and The Rebellion (La Rebelión) or Uprising (Sublevación) among Republicans.

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Spanish Constitution of 1931

The Spanish Constitution of 1931 was approved by the Constituent Assembly on 9 December 1931.

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Spanish order of precedence

The Spanish order of precedence is currently prescribed by Royal Decree 2099/1983.

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Speaker of the Riksdag

The speaker of the Riksdag (Riksdagens talman) is the presiding officer of the national unicameral legislature in Sweden.

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Special Representative of the Secretary-General for East Timor

The Special Representative of the Secretary-General for East Timor was appointed by the Secretary-General to lead the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor.

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Special Security Force

The Special Security Force (SSF) is a Bangladeshi law enforcement agency that provides protection to government officials and foreign dignitaries.

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Special Task Force (SAPS)

The Special Task Force (STF) is the elite Police Tactical Unit of the South African Police Service (SAPS).

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Specialist Response and Security

Until July 2012 the Specialist Response and Security Team (SRS) was a Police Tactical Group of the Australian Federal Police (AFP) having responsibility for tactical and specialist operations within the Australian Capital Territory.

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Speech from the throne

A speech from the throne (or throne speech) is an event in certain monarchies in which the reigning sovereign, or a representative thereof, reads a prepared speech to members of the nation's legislature when a session is opened, outlining the government's agenda and focus for the forthcoming session; or in some cases, closed.

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Spouse of the Prime Minister of Canada

The Spouse of the Prime Minister of Canada is the wife or husband of the Prime Minister of Canada.

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Spy Museum (Tampere)

The Spy Museum is the world's first public museum of international espionage, located in Tampere, Finland.

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Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා; Tamil: இலங்கை Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea.

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Sri Lanka Armed Forces

The Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the overall unified military of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka encompassing the Sri Lanka Army, the Sri Lanka Navy,and the Sri Lanka Air Force; they are governed by the Ministry of Defence (MoD).

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Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972

The Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972 was a constitution of Sri Lanka, replaced by the 1978 constitution currently in force.

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Sri Lankan High Commissioner to Australia

The Sri Lankan High Commissioner to Australia is the Sri Lankan envoy to Australia.

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Sri Lankan High Commissioner to Canada

The Sri Lankan High Commissioner to Canada is the Sri Lankan envoy to Canada.

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Sri Lankan High Commissioner to India

The Sri Lankan High Commissioner to India is the Sri Lankan envoy to India.

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Sri Lankan High Commissioner to Pakistan

The Sri Lankan High Commissioner to the Pakistan is the Sri Lankan envoy to Pakistan.

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Sri Lankan High Commissioner to the United Kingdom

The Sri Lankan High Commissioner to the United Kingdom is the Sri Lankan envoy to United Kingdom.

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St. Patrick's College, Silverstream

St Patrick's College is a state-integrated Catholic boys' day and boarding Secondary School located in Silverstream, Upper Hutt, New Zealand.

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Stadtholder

In the Low Countries, stadtholder (stadhouder) was an office of steward, designated a medieval official and then a national leader.

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Staffan Scheja

Bo Staffan Scheja (born 25 April 1950) is a Swedish pianist and professor.

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Stanisław Kulczyński

Stanisław Kulczyński (9 May 1895 – 12 July 1975) was a Polish botanist and politician.

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Stanislav Shushkevich

Stanislau Stanislavavich Shushkevich (Станісла́ў Станісла́вавіч Шушке́віч, Łacinka: Stanisłaŭ Stanisłavavič Šuškievič; Станисла́в Станисла́вович Шушке́вич; born December 15, 1934 in Minsk) is a Belarusian politician and scientist.

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State Council of East Germany

The State Council (German: Staatsrat) was the collective head of state that governed East Germany (German Democratic Republic) from 1960 to 1990.

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State Council of the Soviet Union

Following the August 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, the State Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (Государственный Совет СССР), but also known as the State Soviet, was formed on 5 September 1991 and was designed to be one of the most important government offices in Mikhail Gorbachev's Soviet Union.

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State Dining Room of the White House

The State Dining Room is the larger of two dining rooms on the State Floor of the Executive Residence of the White House, the home of the President of the United States in Washington, D.C. It is used for receptions, luncheons, larger formal dinners, and state dinners for visiting heads of state on state visits.

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State dinner

A state dinner or state lunch is a dinner or banquet paid for by a government and hosted by a head of state in his or her official residence in order to renew and celebrate diplomatic ties between the host country and the country of a foreign head of state or head of government who was issued an invitation.

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State funerals in Canada

State funerals in Canada are public events held to commemorate former governors general, prime ministers, members of the Cabinet who died in office, and, at the Cabinet's discretion, other eminent Canadians.

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State funerals in the United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, a state funeral is usually reserved for a monarch and the Earl Marshal is in charge.

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State funerals in the United States

State funerals in the United States are public funerals held in the nation's capital, Washington, D.C. that are offered to a sitting or former President of the United States, a President-elect, as well as other people designated by the president.

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State government

A state government is the government of a country subdivision in a federal form of government, which shares political power with the federal or national government.

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State House (Kenya)

State House is the official residence of the President of Kenya.

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State Lodge

State Lodge Is an official residence of the President of Sierra Leone and is located at the affluent neighborhood of Hill Station in the West End of Sierra Leone's capital Freetown.

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State of Buenos Aires

No description.

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State of Burma

The State of Burma (ဗမာ) was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, created in 1943 during the Japanese occupation of Burma in World War II.

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State of the Nation Address (Philippines)

The State of the Nation Address (abbreviated SONA; Filipino: Talumpatì sa Kalagayan ng Bansâ) is an annual address by the President of the Philippines to a joint session of the Congress of the Philippines.

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State of the Union

The State of the Union Address is an annual message presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, except in the first year of a new president's term.

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State Opening of Parliament

The State Opening of Parliament is an event which formally marks the beginning of a session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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State Protection Group

The State Protection Group (SPG) is part of the Specialist Operations division of the New South Wales Police Force, having been established in 1991 on NSW Police official site to deal with extraordinary policing responses.

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State room

A state room in a large European mansion is usually one of a suite of very grand rooms which were designed to impress.

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State visit

A state visit is a formal visit by a head of state to a foreign country, at the invitation of that country's head of state, with the latter also acting as the official host for the duration of the state visit.

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State visits to the United States

State and official visits to the United States are formal visits by the head of state (state visit) or chief of government (official visit) from one country to the United States, during which the president of the United States acts as official host of the visitor.

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States headed by Elizabeth II

The number of states headed by Queen Elizabeth II has varied during her years on the throne, altogether seeing her as sovereign of a total of 32 independent countries during this period.

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Steingrímur Steinþórsson

Steingrímur Steinþórsson (12 February 1893 – 14 November 1966) was Prime Minister of Iceland from 14 March 1950 to 11 September 1953.

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Stepanakert

Stepanakert (Ստեփանակերտ Step'anakert; Eastern), Khankendi (Xankəndi) and originally called Vararakn (Վարարակն), is the capital and the largest city of the de facto Republic of Artsakh.

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Stephan Loewentheil

Stephan Loewentheil is an antiquarian and a rare book and photograph collector.

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Steve Lehman (photographer)

Steve Lehman is an American-born conceptual artist whose oeuvre consists of photographs, videos, collages, drawings, writings, sculpture, objects, paintings and installations.

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Steward (office)

A steward is an official who is appointed by the legal ruling monarch to represent them in a country, and may have a mandate to govern it in their name; in the latter case, synonymous with the position of regent, vicegerent, viceroy (for Romance languages), governor, or deputy (the Roman rector, praefectus or vicarius).

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Stockholm Palace

Stockholm Palace or the Royal Palace (Stockholms slott or Kungliga slottet) is the official residence and major royal palace of the Swedish monarch (the actual residence of King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia is at Drottningholm Palace).

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Strelna

Strelna (p) is a municipal settlement in Petrodvortsovy District of the federal city of Saint Petersburg, Russia, located about halfway between Saint Petersburg proper and Petergof, and overlooking the shore of the Gulf of Finland.

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Strongman (politics)

A strongman is a political leader who rules by force and runs an authoritarian regime or totalitarian regime.

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Subhas Chandra Bose

Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945) was an Indian nationalist whose defiant patriotism made him a hero in India, but whose attempt during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a troubled legacy.

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Succession to the Crown Bill 2011

This is about the planned bill introduced in 2011.

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Succession to the Norwegian throne

The line of succession to the Norwegian throne consists of people entitled to become head of state of Norway.

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Sudan

The Sudan or Sudan (السودان as-Sūdān) also known as North Sudan since South Sudan's independence and officially the Republic of the Sudan (جمهورية السودان Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa.

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Summit (meeting)

A summit meeting (or just summit) is an international meeting of heads of state or government, usually with considerable media exposure, tight security, and a prearranged agenda.

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Superpower

Superpower is a term used to describe a state with a dominant position, which is characterised by its extensive ability to exert influence or project power on a global scale.

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Supersonic business jet

A supersonic business jet (SSBJ) would be a small business jet, intended to travel at speeds above Mach 1.0 (supersonic aircraft).

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Supreme Commander of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces

The Supreme Commander of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces is a position vested in the Cambodian monarch, currently King Norodom Sihamoni who as sovereign and head of state is "the Supreme Commander of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces.

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Supreme Order of Christ

The Supreme Order of Christ (Ordine Supremo del Cristo) is the highest order of chivalry awarded by the Pope.

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Supreme Political Council

The Supreme Political Council (SPC; المجلس السياسي الأعلى) is an executive body formed by Houthi Ansarullah and the General People's Congress (GPC) to rule Yemen.

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Sushma Swaraj's tenure as External Affairs Minister

Sushma Swaraj is the serving Indian External Affairs Minister under Prime Minister Narendra Modi from May 2014, responsible for implementing the foreign policy of Narendra Modi.

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Svoboda (political party)

The All-Ukrainian Union "Svoboda" (Всеукраїнське об’єднання «Свобода», Vseukrayinske obyednannia "Svoboda"), translated as Freedom, is a Ukrainian nationalist political party.

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Swaziland

Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Eswatini since April 2018 (Swazi: Umbuso weSwatini), is a landlocked sovereign state in Southern Africa.

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Sweden

Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.

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Swedish order of precedence

The general order of precedence in Sweden at the annual opening of the Riksdag is as follows.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Syria

Syria (سوريا), officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.

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Systems Commonwealth

The All Systems Commonwealth or simply the Systems Commonwealth is a fictional intergalactic government from Gene Roddenberry's science fiction TV series Andromeda.

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Taboo on rulers

Taboos regarding rulers includes both taboos on people coming into contact with a ruler and the taboos regarding the ruler themselves.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.

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Tampaksiring Palace

The Tampaksiring Palace (Indonesian:Istana Tampaksiring) is one of 6 Presidential Palaces of Indonesia, it is located in Tampaksiring, Gianyar Regency, Bali.

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Tan Yankai

Tan Yankai (January 25, 1880 – September 22, 1930) was a Chinese politician.

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Tangzhuang

A tangzhuang is a kind of pseudo-traditional Chinese jacket with a straight collar.

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Tasmania Police Special Operations Group

The Special Operations Group (SOG) is the Police Tactical Group of the Tasmania Police and is the only part-time police tactical group in Australia.

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Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV

Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV (4 July 1918 – 10 September 2006), son of Queen Sālote Tupou III and her consort Prince Viliami Tungī Mailefihi, was the king of Tonga from the death of his mother in 1965 until his own death in 2006.

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Telangana

Telangana is a state in the south of India.

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Tennis at the 2008 Summer Olympics

Tennis competitions at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing were held from August 10 to August 17 at the Olympic Green Tennis Centre.

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Tenny Manalo

Cristina Villanueva Manalo (born February 1, 1937 in Manila, Philippines), popularly known as Ka Tenny Manalo, is the widow of former Iglesia ni Cristo (INC) Executive Minister, Eraño G. Manalo.

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Tenth East Asia Summit

The Tenth East Asia Summit was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on November 21–22, 2015.

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Terminology of the British Isles

The terminology of the British Isles refers to the various words and phrases that are used to describe the different (and sometimes overlapping) geographical and political areas of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, and the smaller islands which surround them.

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Territorial evolution of the British Empire

The territorial evolution of the British Empire is considered to have begun with the foundation of the English colonial empire in the late 16th century.

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Texas A&M University

Texas A&M University (Texas A&M or A&M) is a coeducational public research university in College Station, Texas, United States.

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Thailand

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a unitary state at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces.

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Thalía

Ariadna Thalía Sodi Miranda (born 26 August 1971), known mononymously as Thalía, is a Mexican singer, songwriter, and actress, who is one of the most successful and influential Mexican singers worldwide.

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Thani bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani

Sheikh Thani bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani is the brother of the Emir of Qatar Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, and son of the country's Father Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani.

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The American-Scandinavian Foundation

The American-Scandinavian Foundation (ASF), is an American non-profit foundation dedicated to promoting international understanding through educational and cultural exchange between the United States and Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.

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The Bahamas

The Bahamas, known officially as the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an archipelagic state within the Lucayan Archipelago.

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The Crocus List

Crocus List is a third person narrative novel by English author Gavin Lyall, first published in 1985, and the third of his series of novels with the character “Harry Maxim” as the protagonist.

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The Duke of Edinburgh's Award

The Duke of Edinburgh's Award (commonly abbreviated DofE), is a youth awards programme founded in the United Kingdom in 1956 by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, that has since expanded to 144 nations.

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The Fixed Period

The Fixed Period (1882) is a satirical dystopian novel by Anthony Trollope.

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The Gambia

No description.

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The Gambia (1965–1970)

Between 1965 and 1970, The Gambia was an independent sovereign state that shared its head of state with the United Kingdom and other states headed by Queen Elizabeth II.

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The Governance of China

The Governance of China is a political book in two volumes written by Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and current head of state of China. The first volume was published in 2014, while the second volume was published in 2017. The work is a collection of several dozen speeches and writings by Xi on a variety of topics, which present an official party line for China's development in the 21st century. In these respects, Governance of China is a literary successor to Mao Zedong's Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung.

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The Last of the Masters

The Last of the Masters (also known as Protection Agency) is a science fiction novelette by Philip K. Dick.

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Third cabinet of Napoleon III

The Third cabinet of Napoleon III was formed by the Emperor Napoleon III on 2 December 1852, replacing the Second cabinet of Louis Napoleon at the start of the Second French Empire.

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Third India-Africa Forum Summit

The Third India-Africa Forum Summit (IAFS-III) was held in New Delhi, India from 26–30 October 2015.

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Thiri Thudhamma Thingaha

The Thiri Thudhamma Thingaha or the Order of Thiri Thudhamma (သီရိသုဓမ္မာသင်္ဂဟ; lit. the Most Glorious Order of Truth) was the highest Burmese commendation during the AFPFL era.

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Thomas Aguiyi-Ironsi

Thomas "Tom" Aguiyi-Ironsi is a former Head of State of Nigeria.

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Throne

A throne is the seat of state of a potentate or dignitary, especially the seat occupied by a sovereign on state occasions; or the seat occupied by a pope or bishop on ceremonial occasions.

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Timeline of Colombian history

This is a timeline of Colombian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Colombia and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of Igbo history

The history of the Igbo people starts from the migrations that have brought the Igbo to their present homeland.

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Timeline of Maltese history

This is a timeline of Maltese history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Malta and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of Singaporean history

This is a timeline of Singaporean history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Singapore and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of the history of Tuvalu

This time line of the history of Tuvalu chronologically lists important events occurring within the present political boundaries of the Pacific island state of Tuvalu.

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Timeline of the nuclear program of Iran

This is the timeline of the nuclear program of Iran.

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Timeline of the premiership of Narendra Modi

The following is a timeline of the Premiership of Narendra Modi from his inauguration as Prime Minister of the India on May 26, 2014 till now.

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Timeline of the presidency of Barack Obama (2010)

The following is a timeline of the Presidency of Barack Obama, from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010.

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Timeline of the presidency of Gerald Ford

The presidency of Gerald Ford began on August 9, 1974, when Gerald Ford became President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1977, a span of days.

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Timeline of Western Saharan history

Western Sahara history starts long before this below mentioned timeline.

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Timeline of World War II (1942)

This is a timeline of events that occurred during World War II in 1942.

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Titular ruler

A titular ruler, or titular head, is a person in an official position of leadership who possesses few, if any, actual powers.

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Toast (honor)

A toast is a ritual in which a drink is taken as an expression of honor or goodwill.

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Tokelau

Tokelau (previously known as the Union Islands, and officially as Tokelau Islands until 1976;; lit. "north-northeast") is an island country and dependent territory of New Zealand in the southern Pacific Ocean.

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Tom Macan

Thomas Townley Macan (born 1946) was Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the British Virgin Islands, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean Sea, from 14 October 2002 to 10 April 2006.

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Tomu Sione

Sir Tomu Malaefone Sione (17 November 1941 – April 2016) was a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.

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Tradition und Leben

Tradition und Leben e.V. (TuL, "Tradition and Life"), is a monarchist organisation in Germany.

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Travancore-Cochin

Travancore-Cochin or Thiru-Kochi was a short-lived state of India (1949–1956).

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Treason

In law, treason is the crime that covers some of the more extreme acts against one's nation or sovereign.

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Treaty

A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations.

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Treaty of Constantinople (1800)

The Treaty of Constantinople of was concluded between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, and heralded the creation of the Septinsular Republic, the first autonomous Greek state since the Fall of the Byzantine Empire.

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Treaty of Lisbon

The Treaty of Lisbon (initially known as the Reform Treaty) is an international agreement that amends the two treaties which form the constitutional basis of the European Union (EU).

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Trinidad and Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago, officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is a twin island sovereign state that is the southernmost nation of the West Indies in the Caribbean.

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Tripoli Agreement

The Tripoli Agreement (also known as the Libya Accord or the Tripoli Declaration) was signed on February 8, 2006, by Chadian President Idriss Déby, Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir, and Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, effectively ending the Chadian-Sudanese conflict that has devastated border towns in eastern Chad and the Darfur region of western Sudan since December 2005.

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Tripura

Tripura 'ত্রিপুরা (Bengali)' is a state in Northeast India.

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Triumvirate

A triumvirate (triumvirātus) is a political regime ruled or dominated by three powerful individuals known as triumvirs (triumviri).

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Tulaga Manuella

Sir Tulaga Manuella, GCMG, MBE (born 26 August 1936) is a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.

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Tunisia

Tunisia (تونس; Berber: Tunes, ⵜⵓⵏⴻⵙ; Tunisie), officially the Republic of Tunisia, (الجمهورية التونسية) is a sovereign state in Northwest Africa, covering. Its northernmost point, Cape Angela, is the northernmost point on the African continent. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia's population was estimated to be just under 11.93 million in 2016. Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis, which is located on its northeast coast. Geographically, Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains, and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert. Much of the rest of the country's land is fertile soil. Its of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and, by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel, feature the African mainland's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar. Tunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic. It is considered to be the only full democracy in the Arab World. It has a high human development index. It has an association agreement with the European Union; is a member of La Francophonie, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab League, the OIC, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, the Community of Sahel-Saharan States, the African Union, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of 77; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States. In addition, Tunisia is also a member state of the United Nations and a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Close relations with Europe in particular with France and with Italy have been forged through economic cooperation, privatisation and industrial modernization. In ancient times, Tunisia was primarily inhabited by Berbers. Phoenician immigration began in the 12th century BC; these immigrants founded Carthage. A major mercantile power and a military rival of the Roman Republic, Carthage was defeated by the Romans in 146 BC. The Romans, who would occupy Tunisia for most of the next eight hundred years, introduced Christianity and left architectural legacies like the El Djem amphitheater. After several attempts starting in 647, the Muslims conquered the whole of Tunisia by 697, followed by the Ottoman Empire between 1534 and 1574. The Ottomans held sway for over three hundred years. The French colonization of Tunisia occurred in 1881. Tunisia gained independence with Habib Bourguiba and declared the Tunisian Republic in 1957. In 2011, the Tunisian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, followed by parliamentary elections. The country voted for parliament again on 26 October 2014, and for President on 23 November 2014.

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Tunisian Constitution of 2014

The Tunisian Constitution of 2014 (2014 دستور تونس) was adopted on 26 January 2014 by the Constituent Assembly elected on 23 October 2011 in the wake of Tunisia's Jasmine Revolution that overthrew President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.

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Tunisian Revolution

The Tunisian Revolution was an intensive campaign of civil resistance, including a series of street demonstrations taking place in Tunisia, and led to the ousting of longtime president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011.

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Tupua Leupena

Sir Tupua Leupena (2 August 1922 – 24 November 1996) was a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.

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Turkey

Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

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Turkish general election, 2018

General elections were held throughout Turkey on 24 June 2018.

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Turkish invasion of Cyprus

The Turkish invasion of Cyprus (lit and Τουρκική εισβολή στην Κύπρο), code-named by Turkey as Operation Attila, (Atilla Harekâtı) was a Turkish military invasion of the island country of Cyprus.

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Turkish presidential election, 2018

The Turkish presidential election of 2018 took place on 24 June 2018 as part of the 2018 general election, alongside parliamentary elections on the same day.

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Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan (or; Türkmenistan), (formerly known as Turkmenia) is a sovereign state in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west.

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Tuvalu

Tuvalu, formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, about midway between Hawaii and Australia, lying east-northeast of the Santa Cruz Islands (belonging to the Solomons), southeast of Nauru, south of Kiribati, west of Tokelau, northwest of Samoa and Wallis and Futuna and north of Fiji.

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Tuvaluan constitutional crisis

The Tuvaluan constitutional crisis was a political dispute in Tuvalu between the government, led by Prime Minister Willy Telavi, and the opposition, led by Enele Sopoaga, that was precipitated by the death of the Minister of Finance, Lotoala Metia MP on 21 December 2012, which eliminated the government's majority.

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Twelfth East Asia Summit

The Twelfth East Asia Summit was held in Pasay, Philippines on November 13–14, 2017.

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Twitter diplomacy

Twitter diplomacy, also "Twiplomacy" or "hashtag diplomacy", is the use of social network and microblogging website, Twitter, by heads of state, leaders of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), and their diplomats to conduct diplomatic outreach and public diplomacy.

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U.S. state

A state is a constituent political entity of the United States.

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Ubangi River

The Ubangi River, also spelled Oubangui, is the largest right-bank tributary of the Congo River in the region of Central Africa.

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Uganda

Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda (Jamhuri ya Uganda), is a landlocked country in East Africa.

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Uganda (1962–1963)

Uganda became an independent sovereign state on 9 October 1962.

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Ukraine

Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.

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Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainian SSR or UkrSSR or UkSSR; Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, Украї́нська РСР, УРСР; Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика, Украи́нская ССР, УССР; see "Name" section below), also known as the Soviet Ukraine, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from the Union's inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991. The republic was governed by the Communist Party of Ukraine as a unitary one-party socialist soviet republic. The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations, although it was legally represented by the All-Union state in its affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union. Upon the Soviet Union's dissolution and perestroika, the Ukrainian SSR was transformed into the modern nation-state and renamed itself to Ukraine. Throughout its 72-year history, the republic's borders changed many times, with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland, and the addition of Zakarpattia in 1946. From the start, the eastern city of Kharkiv served as the republic's capital. However, in 1934, the seat of government was subsequently moved to the city of Kiev, Ukraine's historic capital. Kiev remained the capital for the rest of the Ukrainian SSR's existence, and remained the capital of independent Ukraine after the breakup of the Soviet Union. Geographically, the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea, bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia, Byelorussia, and the Russian SFSR. The Ukrainian SSR's border with Czechoslovakia formed the Soviet Union's western-most border point. According to the Soviet Census of 1989 the republic had a population of 51,706,746 inhabitants, which fell sharply after the breakup of the Soviet Union. For most of its existence, it ranked second only to the Russian SFSR in population, economic and political power.

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Ulysse Gosset

Ulysse Gosset (born in 1955) is a French journalist, news anchor and television presenter.

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United Federation of Planets

The United Federation of Planets (UFP), usually referred to as the Federation, is a fictional interstellar federal republic in the Star Trek science fiction franchise, composed of numerous planetary sovereignties.

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United Kingdom of the Netherlands

The United Kingdom of the Netherlands (Verenigd Koninkrijk der Nederlanden; Royaume-Uni des Pays-Bas) is the unofficial name given to the Kingdom of the Netherlands as it existed between 1815 and 1839.

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United Nations Credentials Committee

The United Nations Credentials Committee is a committee of the United Nations General Assembly whose main purpose is to report to the Assembly regarding the credentials of the body's representatives.

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United Nations General Assembly

The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; Assemblée Générale AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), the only one in which all member nations have equal representation, and the main deliberative, policy-making and representative organ of the UN.

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United Nations Peace Medal

The United Nations Peace Medal is a commemorative medal produced by the United Nations to promote peace.

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United Nations Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee

The Counter-Terrorism Committee is a subsidiary body of the United Nations Security Council.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1624

United Nations Security Council resolution1624, adopted unanimously at the 2005 World Summit on 14 September 2005, after reaffirming previous resolutions on terrorism, including resolutions 1267 (1999), 1373 (2001), 1535 (2004), 1540 (2004), 1566 (2004) and 1617 (2005), the Council called on all states to co-operate in order to strengthen the security of their international borders by enhancing terrorist screening and passenger security procedures.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1625

United Nations Security Council resolution1625, adopted unanimously at the 2005 World Summit on 14 September 2005, the Council adopted a declaration on the role of the Security Council in conflict prevention, particularly in Africa where a large number of armed conflicts were taking place.

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United States Ambassador to Macedonia

The United States Ambassador to Macedonia is the official representative of the President of the United States to the head of state of the Republic of Macedonia.

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United States Constitution

The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States.

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United States federal executive departments

The United States federal executive departments are the primary units of the executive branch of the Federal government of the United States.

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United States Marine Band

The United States Marine Band is the premier band of the United States Marine Corps.

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United States presidential election, 1788–89

The United States presidential election of was the first quadrennial presidential election.

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United States presidential visits to Australia and New Zealand

Several United States presidents have made presidential visits to Australia and New Zealand.

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United States presidential visits to Canada

There have been thirty-seven United States presidential visits to Canada by twelve presidents over the past century.

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United States presidential visits to Central America

Eleven United States presidents and three presidents-elect have made thirty-four presidential visits to Central America.

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United States presidential visits to Mexico

Fourteen Presidents of the United States have made thirty-four presidential visits to Mexico.

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United States presidential visits to South America

Eleven United States presidents and one president-elect have made presidential visits to South America.

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United States presidential visits to Western Europe

Thirteen United States presidents have made presidential visits to Western Europe.

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United States–Africa Leaders Summit

The United States–Africa Leaders Summit was an international summit held in Washington D.C. from August 4–6, 2014.

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United States–Venezuela relations

United States–Venezuela relations are the bilateral relations between the United States of America and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

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University of Delhi

The University of Delhi, informally known as Delhi University (DU), is a collegiate public central university, located in New Delhi, India.

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University of Fort Hare

The University of Fort Hare is a public university in Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa.

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Upingtonia

Upingtonia, or the Republic of Upingtonia, was a short-lived Boer republic in the area of present-day Namibia.

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Urdnot Wrex

Urdnot Wrex is a fictional character in BioWare's Mass Effect franchise, who serves as a party member (or "squadmate") in the first game of the Mass Effect trilogy.

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Uruguay

Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (República Oriental del Uruguay), is a sovereign state in the southeastern region of South America.

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Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic

Uzbekistan is the common English name for the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Uzbek SSR; Ўзбекистон Совет Социалистик Республикаси, Oʻzbekiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi; Узбекская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Uzbekskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika) and later, the Republic of Uzbekistan (Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi, Ўзбекистон Республикаси), that refers to the period of Uzbekistan from 1924 to 1991.

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Valentine Strasser

Valentine Esegragbo Melvine Strasser (born 26 April 1967 in Freetown, Sierra Leone) served as head of state of Sierra Leone from 1992 to 1996.

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Vatican City

Vatican City (Città del Vaticano; Civitas Vaticana), officially the Vatican City State or the State of Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano; Status Civitatis Vaticanae), is an independent state located within the city of Rome.

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Vatican City Heliport

Vatican City Heliport (Portus helicopterorum Civitatis Vaticanae, Eliporto di Città del Vaticano) consists of a rectangular concrete landing area linked with a circular parking area.

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Venezuela

Venezuela, officially denominated Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (República Bolivariana de Venezuela),Previously, the official name was Estado de Venezuela (1830–1856), República de Venezuela (1856–1864), Estados Unidos de Venezuela (1864–1953), and again República de Venezuela (1953–1999).

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Very important person

A very important person (VIP) is a person who is accorded special privileges due to their status or importance.

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Veto

A veto – Latin for "I forbid" – is the power (used by an officer of the state, for example) to unilaterally stop an official action, especially the enactment of legislation.

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Vice President of Indonesia

The Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia (Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the first in the line of succession in the Republic of Indonesia.

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Vice President of Nepal

The position of Vice President of Nepal (नेपालका उपराष्ट्रपतिहरू, Nēpālakā uparāṣṭrapatiharū) constitutes the deputy head of state of Nepal and was created when the Nepalese monarchy was abolished in May 2008.

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Vice President of Somaliland

The Vice President of Somaliland is the deputy head of state.

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Vice President of the State Council of Cambodia

The Vice President of the State Council of Cambodia was the deputy head of state of that country 1979 - 1993.

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Vice President of the United States

The Vice President of the United States (informally referred to as VPOTUS, or Veep) is a constitutional officer in the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States as the President of the Senate under Article I, Section 3, Clause 4, of the United States Constitution, as well as the second highest executive branch officer, after the President of the United States.

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Vice President of Transnistria

The Vice President of Transnistria was a political position in that unrecognized state.

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Vice-President of the Council of State (Netherlands)

The Vice-President of the Council of State (Vice-President van de Raad van State) is the de facto presiding officer of the Council of State.

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Vicegerent

Vicegerent is the official administrative deputy of a ruler or head of state: vice (in place of) + gerere (to carry on, conduct).

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Vichy Holocaust collaboration timeline

Led first by Philippe Pétain, the Vichy regime that replaced the French Third Republic in 1940 chose the path of collaboration with the Nazi occupiers.

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Vietnam

Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Viktor Bout

Viktor Anatolyevich Bout (Виктор Анатольевич Бут; born 13 January 1967) is a Russian arms dealer.

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Vincent de Paul Nyonda

Vincent de Paul Nyonda (1918–1995) was a Gabonese playwright and Minister.

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Vincent Massey

Charles Vincent Massey (February 20, 1887December 30, 1967) was a Canadian lawyer and diplomat who served as the first Canadian-born Governor General of Canada, the 18th since Canadian Confederation.

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Vincentian constitutional referendum, 2009

A constitutional referendum was held in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines on 25 November 2009.

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Virginia Tech shooting

On April 16, 2007, a school shooting occurred at West Ambler Johnston Hall and Norris Hall at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, in Blacksburg, Virginia.

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Vladimir Nazor

Vladimir Nazor (30 May 1876 – 19 June 1949) was a Croatian poet and politician who served as the first President of the Presidium of the Croatian Parliament (Croatian head of state), and first Speaker of the Croatian Parliament.

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Vladimir Voronin

Vladimir Voronin (born May 25, 1941) is a Moldovan politician.

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Voice of Africa Radio

Voice of Africa Radio (VOAR) is a London-based FM radio station, founded on 1 January 2000 to correct the exclusion and marginalisation of the African community from the electronic media.

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Voivode of Transylvania

The Voivode of Transylvania (Vojwode von Siebenbürgen;Fallenbüchl 1988, p. 77. erdélyi vajda;Zsoldos 2011, p. 36. voivoda Transsylvaniae; voievodul Transilvaniei) was the highest-ranking official in Transylvania within the Kingdom of Hungary from the 12th century to the 16th century.

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Walter Hallstein

Walter Hallstein (17 November 1901 – 29 March 1982) was a German academic, diplomat, and politician.

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Walter Ulbricht

Walter Ernst Paul Ulbricht (30 June 18931 August 1973) was a German Communist politician.

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Walter Woon

Walter Woon Cheong Ming, SC, (born 12 September 1956) is a Singaporean lawyer, academic, diplomat and politician.

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Wang Jingwei

Wang Jingwei (Wang Ching-wei; 4 May 1883 – 10 November 1944); born as Wang Zhaoming (Wang Chao-ming), but widely known by his pen name "Jingwei", was a Chinese politician.

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Wang Yeping

Wang Yeping (born February 12, 1928) is the wife of Jiang Zemin, former General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (de facto paramount leader) and President of the People's Republic of China (de jure head of state), and is a native of Yangzhou, Jiangsu.

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War crime

A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility.

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War in Darfur

The War in Darfur is a major armed conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan, that began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebel groups began fighting the government of Sudan, which they accused of oppressing Darfur's non-Arab population.

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Wedding of Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck and Jetsun Pema

The wedding of Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, King of Bhutan, and Jetsun Pema took place on 13 October 2011 at the Punakha Dzong in Punakha, Bhutan.

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Wes Johnson

Wes Johnson (born June 6, 1961) is an American actor, cartoonist, comedian and voice artist, who has appeared in such films as A Dirty Shame, Head of State, The Invasion, For Richer or Poorer and Hearts in Atlantis.

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West Bengal

West Bengal (Paśchimbāṅga) is an Indian state, located in Eastern India on the Bay of Bengal.

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West Indies Associated States

The West Indies Associated States was the collective name for a number of islands in the Eastern Caribbean whose status changed from being British colonies to states in free association with the United Kingdom in 1967.

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West Indies Federation

The West Indies Federation, also known as the West Indies, the Federation of the West Indies or the West Indian Federation, was a short-lived political union that existed from 3 January 1958 to 31 May 1962.

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West Pakistan

West Pakistan (مغربی پاکستان,; পশ্চিম পাকিস্তান) was one of the two exclaves created at the formation of the modern State of Pakistan following the 1947 Partition of India.

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Western Australia Police

The Western Australia Police Force, colloquially WAPOL, provides police services throughout the state of Western Australia, an area of 2.5 million square kilometres, the world's largest non-federated area of jurisdiction, with a population of only 2.4 million, of which 1.94 million reside in the Perth Metropolitan Region.

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Western Samoa Trust Territory

Western Samoa Mandate then Western Samoa Trust Territory were the official name of Western Samoa during its civil administration by New Zealand between 1920, six years after that country had terminated the German rule, and Samoan independence in 1962.

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Westminster system

The Westminster system is a parliamentary system of government developed in the United Kingdom.

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White House Visitors Office

The White House Visitors Office is responsible for public tours of the White House, for maintaining a facility where the public can obtain information about the White House, and for other White House events such as the White House Easter Egg Roll, Holiday Open Houses, Spring and Fall Garden tours, State Arrival Ceremonies and other special events.

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White movement

The White movement (p) and its military arm the White Army (Бѣлая Армія/Белая Армия, Belaya Armiya), also known as the White Guard (Бѣлая Гвардія/Белая Гвардия, Belaya Gvardiya), the White Guardsmen (Белогвардейцы, Belogvardeytsi) or simply the Whites (Белые, Beliye), was a loose confederation of Anti-Communist forces that fought the Bolsheviks, also known as the Reds, in the Russian Civil War (1917–1922/3) and, to a lesser extent, continued operating as militarized associations both outside and within Russian borders until roughly the Second World War.

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Wiesbaden City Palace

Wiesbaden City Palace (Stadtschloss Wiesbaden or Wiesbadener Stadtschloss) is a neo-classical building in the center of Wiesbaden, Germany.

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Wilhelmus

"Wilhelmus van Nassouwe", usually known just as the "Wilhelmus" (Het Wilhelmus;; English translation: "The William"), is the national anthem of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

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Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands

Willem-Alexander (born Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand, 27 April 1967) is the King of the Netherlands, having ascended the throne following his mother's abdication in 2013.

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William Boyd McCleary

William Boyd McCleary CMG CVO (born 30 March 1949) is a retired member of HM Diplomatic Service originally from Belfast, Northern Ireland.

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William Gascoigne

Sir William Gascoigne (c. 1350 – 17 December 1419) was Chief Justice of England during the reign of King Henry IV.

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William I, German Emperor

William I, or in German Wilhelm I. (full name: William Frederick Louis of Hohenzollern, Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig von Hohenzollern, 22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888), of the House of Hohenzollern was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and the first German Emperor from 18 January 1871 to his death, the first Head of State of a united Germany.

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William M. Rigdon

Commander William M. Rigdon is most known for being the Assistant Naval Aide in the United States White House from 1942 to 1953 during the presidencies of Harry S. Truman and Franklin D. Roosevelt.

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William the Silent

William I, Prince of Orange (24 April 1533 – 10 July 1584), also widely known as William the Silent or William the Taciturn (translated from Willem de Zwijger), or more commonly known as William of Orange (Willem van Oranje), was the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish Habsburgs that set off the Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) and resulted in the formal independence of the United Provinces in 1581.

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Women in government

Women in government in the modern era are under-represented in most countries worldwide.

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Women in Vatican City

Women in Vatican City are those who live in or are from Vatican City.

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Workers' Party (Brazil)

The Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT) is a political party in Brazil.

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World Leaders

World Leaders, also known as Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments, is a public domain directory published weekly by the United States Central Intelligence Agency.

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World Policy Conference

The World Policy Conference (WPC) is an independent organization whose aim is to contribute to improving all aspects of governance, with a view to promoting a world that is more open, prosperous, fairer and more respectful of the diversity of States and nations.

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Xi–Li Administration

The Xi–Li Administration of the People's Republic of China began in 2013, when Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang succeeded Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao following the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party.

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Yakubu Gowon Airport

Yakubu Gowon Airport, also known as Jos Airport, is an airport serving Jos, the capital of the Plateau State of Nigeria.

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Yang di-Pertuan Agong

The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (literally "He Who Was Made Lord", Jawi: يڠ دڤرتوان اݢوڠ), also known as the King, is the monarch and head of state of Malaysia.

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Yang di-Pertuan Negara

Yang di-Pertuan Negara, translated from Malay as "(he) who is Lord", is a title for the Head of State, and has been used as an official title at various times in Singapore and Brunei.

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Yang Hyong-sop

Yang Hyong-sop (born 1 October 1925) is a North Korean politician.

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Ye Jianying

Ye Jianying (28 April 1897 – 22 October 1986) was a Chinese communist general, Marshal of the People's Liberation Army.

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Yemen

Yemen (al-Yaman), officially known as the Republic of Yemen (al-Jumhūriyyah al-Yamaniyyah), is an Arab sovereign state in Western Asia at the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Yusof Ishak

Tun Haji Yusof bin Ishak, SMN, (Jawi: يوسف بن إسحاق;; 12 August 191023 November 1970) was a Singaporean politician and the first President of Singapore, serving from 1965 to 1970.

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Zambia

Zambia, officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country in south-central Africa, (although some sources prefer to consider it part of the region of east Africa) neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west.

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Zanzibar Revolution

The Zanzibar Revolution occurred in 1964 and led to the overthrow of the Sultan of Zanzibar and his mainly Arab government by local African revolutionaries.

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Zohreh Tabatabai

Zohreh Tabatabai is an Iranian diplomat and international business coordinator.

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10 złotych note

The 10 Polish Złotych note is the lowest value złoty banknote and has been used since the redenomination of the złoty in 1995.

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14th Dalai Lama

The 14th Dalai Lama (religious name: Tenzin Gyatso, shortened from Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso; born Lhamo Thondup, 6 July 1935) is the current Dalai Lama.

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1800 in New Zealand

The only recorded ship visit is a 3-day visit to Hauraki (the Waihou River between the Hauraki Plains and Coromandel Peninsula) to collect timber.

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1801 in New Zealand

The ships visits to collect timber come to an end as the wood they have been taking, kahikatea and pōhutukawa, is found to be unsuitable for ship building.

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1802 in New Zealand

There are no known visits by sealers this year as they concentrate on Bass Strait.

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1803 in New Zealand

There is a lessening of the sealing rush at Bass Strait as the rookeries become thinner, and as a result sealers return to Dusky Sound and explore the surrounding coast.

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1804 in New Zealand

As most sealing is taking place in Bass Strait, although the rookeries there are declining, there is little interest in Dusky Sound, the rookeries of which are also declining.

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1805 in New Zealand

Sealing continues at Bass Strait but declines at Dusky Sound which is still used for provisioning.

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1806 in New Zealand

Sealing continues at Bass Strait and the Antipodes Islands.

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1807 in New Zealand

There is a new sealing rush to the Bounty and Auckland Islands.

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1808 in New Zealand

As sealing at Bass Strait and the Antipodes Islands declines, Foveaux Strait becomes the focus for sealers from the middle of the year.

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1809 in New Zealand

Foveaux Strait is the centre of attention for sealing ships.

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1810 in New Zealand

There is a drastic decline in the number of ships visiting New Zealand from the previous year.

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1811 in New Zealand

There are still far fewer ships visiting New Zealand than before 1810.

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1812 in New Zealand

With the outbreak of the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain American whalers are forced to avoid Port Jackson.

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1813 in New Zealand

By the end of the year reports from London regarding Napoleon’s retreat from Moscow, and from the Bay of Islands regarding the hospitality of the Māori, encourage Samuel Marsden into thinking the time for the establishment of a Christian mission to New Zealand is now imminent.

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1814 in New Zealand

With the purchase of a vessel by Samuel Marsden for use by the Church Missionary Society at the beginning of the year the establishment of a mission in New Zealand is at last possible.

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1815 in New Zealand

The first Christian mission is established at Rangihoua.

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1816 in New Zealand

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1817 in New Zealand

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1818 in New Zealand

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1819 in New Zealand

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1820 in New Zealand

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1821 in New Zealand

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1822 in New Zealand

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1823 in New Zealand

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1824 in New Zealand

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1825 in New Zealand

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1826 in New Zealand

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1827 in New Zealand

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1828 in New Zealand

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1829 in New Zealand

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1830 in New Zealand

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1831 in New Zealand

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1832 in New Zealand

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1833 in New Zealand

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1834 in New Zealand

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1835 in New Zealand

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1836 in New Zealand

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1837 in New Zealand

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1838 in New Zealand

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1839 in New Zealand

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1840 in New Zealand

1840 is considered a watershed year in the history of New Zealand: The Treaty of Waitangi is signed, British sovereignty over New Zealand is proclaimed, organised European settlement begins, and Auckland and Wellington are both founded.

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1841 in New Zealand

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1842 in New Zealand

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1843 in New Zealand

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1844 in New Zealand

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1845 in New Zealand

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1846 in New Zealand

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1847 in New Zealand

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1848 in New Zealand

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1849 in New Zealand

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1850 in New Zealand

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1851 in New Zealand

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1852 in New Zealand

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1853 in New Zealand

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1854 in New Zealand

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1855 in New Zealand

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1856 in France

Events from the year 1856 in France.

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1856 in New Zealand

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1857 in New Zealand

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1858 in New Zealand

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1859 in New Zealand

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1860 in New Zealand

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1861 in New Zealand

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1862 in New Zealand

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1863 in New Zealand

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1864 in Canada

Events from the year 1864 in Canada.

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1864 in New Zealand

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1865 in Canada

Events from the year 1865 in Canada.

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1865 in New Zealand

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1866 in Canada

Events from the year 1866 in Canada.

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1866 in New Zealand

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1867 in Canada

Events from the year 1867 in Canada.

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1867 in New Zealand

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1868 in Canada

Events from the year 1868 in Canada.

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1868 in New Zealand

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1869 in Canada

Events from the year 1869 in Canada.

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1869 in New Zealand

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1870 in Canada

Events from the year 1870 in Canada.

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1870 in New Zealand

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1871 in Canada

Events from the year 1871 in Canada.

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1871 in New Zealand

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1872 in Canada

Events from the year 1872 in Canada.

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1872 in New Zealand

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1873 in Canada

Events from the year 1873 in Canada.

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1873 in New Zealand

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1874 in Canada

Events from the year 1874 in Canada.

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1874 in New Zealand

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1875 in Canada

Events from the year 1875 in Canada.

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1875 in New Zealand

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1876 in Canada

Events from the year 1876 in Canada.

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1876 in New Zealand

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1877 in Canada

Events from the year 1877 in Canada.

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1877 in New Zealand

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1878 in Canada

Events from the year 1878 in Canada.

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1878 in New Zealand

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1879 in Canada

Events from the year 1879 in Canada.

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1879 in New Zealand

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1880 in Canada

Events from the year 1880 in Canada.

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1880 in New Zealand

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1881 in Canada

Events from the year 1881 in Canada.

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1881 in New Zealand

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1882 in Canada

Events from the year 1882 in Canada.

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1882 in New Zealand

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1883 in Canada

Events from the year 1883 in Canada.

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1883 in New Zealand

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1884 in Canada

Events from the year 1884 in Canada.

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1884 in New Zealand

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1885 in Canada

Events from the year 1885 in Canada.

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1885 in New Zealand

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1886 in Canada

Events from the year 1886 in Canada.

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1886 in New Zealand

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1887 in Canada

Events from the year 1887 in Canada.

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1887 in New Zealand

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1888 in Canada

Events from the year 1888 in Canada.

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1888 in New Zealand

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1889 in Canada

Events from the year 1889 in Canada.

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1889 in New Zealand

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1890 in Canada

Events from the year 1890 in Canada.

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1890 in New Zealand

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1891 in Canada

Events from the year 1891 in Canada.

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1891 in New Zealand

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1892 in Canada

Events from the year 1892 in Canada.

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1892 in New Zealand

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1893 in Canada

Events from the year 1893 in Canada.

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1893 in New Zealand

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1894 in Canada

Events from the year 1894 in Canada.

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1894 in New Zealand

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1895 in Canada

Events from the year 1895 in Canada.

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1895 in New Zealand

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1896 in Canada

Events from the year 1896 in Canada.

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1896 in New Zealand

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1897 in Canada

Events from the year 1897 in Canada.

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1897 in New Zealand

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1898 in Canada

Events from the year 1898 in Canada.

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1898 in New Zealand

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1899 in Canada

Events from the year 1899 in Canada.

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1899 in New Zealand

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18th SAARC summit

The eighteenth summit of 'South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation' (SAARC) was held in Kathmandu, the capital of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal during 26–27 November 2014.

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1900 in Canada

Events from the year 1900 in Canada.

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1900 in New Zealand

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1901 in Canada

Events from the year 1901 in Canada.

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1901 in New Zealand

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1902 in Canada

Events from the year 1902 in Canada.

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1902 in New Zealand

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1903 in Canada

Events from the year 1903 in Canada.

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1903 in New Zealand

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1904 in Canada

Events from the year 1904 in Canada.

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1904 in New Zealand

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1905 in Canada

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1905 in New Zealand

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1906 in Canada

Events from the year 1906 in Canada.

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1906 in New Zealand

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1907 in Canada

Events from the year 1907 in Canada.

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1907 in New Zealand

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1908 in Canada

Events from the year 1908 in Canada.

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1908 in New Zealand

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1909 in Canada

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1909 in New Zealand

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1910 in Canada

Events from the year 1910 in Canada.

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1910 in New Zealand

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1911 in Canada

Events from the year 1911 in Canada.

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1911 in New Zealand

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1912 in Canada

Events from the year 1912 in Canada.

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1912 in New Zealand

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1913 in Canada

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1913 in New Zealand

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1914 in Canada

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1914 in New Zealand

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1915 in Canada

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1915 in New Zealand

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1916 in Canada

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1916 in New Zealand

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1917 in Canada

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1917 in New Zealand

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1918

This year is famous for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the flu pandemic, that killed 50-100 million people worldwide.

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1918 in Canada

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1918 in New Zealand

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1919 in Canada

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1919 in New Zealand

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1919 Polish coup attempt

The Polish Coup of early January 1919 was an unsuccessful coup d'etat in Poland.

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1920 in Canada

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1920 in New Zealand

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1921 in Canada

Events from the year 1921 in Canada.

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1921 in New Zealand

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1922 in Canada

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1922 in New Zealand

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1923 in Canada

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1923 in New Zealand

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1924 in Canada

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1924 in New Zealand

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1925 in Canada

Events from the year 1925 in Canada.

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1925 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1925 in New Zealand.

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1926 in Canada

Events from the year 1926 in Canada.

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1926 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1926 in New Zealand.

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1927 in Canada

Events from the year 1927 in Canada.

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1927 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1927 in New Zealand.

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1928 in Canada

Events from the year 1928 in Canada.

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1928 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1928 in New Zealand.

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1929 in Canada

Events from the year 1929 in Canada.

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1929 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1929 in New Zealand.

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1930 in Canada

Events from the year 1930 in Canada.

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1930 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1930 in New Zealand.

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1931 in Canada

Events from the year 1931 in Canada.

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1931 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1931 in New Zealand.

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1931 Yugoslav Constitution

The 1931 Yugoslav Constitution, also known as September Constitution or Octroic constitution, was the second and final Constitution of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

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1932 in Canada

Events from the year 1932 in Canada.

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1932 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1932 in New Zealand.

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1933 in Canada

Events from the year 1933 in Canada.

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1933 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1933 in New Zealand.

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1934 in Canada

Events from the year 1934 in Canada.

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1934 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1934 in New Zealand.

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1935 in Canada

Events from the year 1935 in Canada.

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1935 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1935 in New Zealand.

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1936 in Canada

Events from the year 1936 in Canada.

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1936 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1936 in New Zealand.

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1937 in Canada

Events from the year 1937 in Canada.

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1937 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1937 in New Zealand.

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1938 in Canada

Events from the year 1938 in Canada.

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1938 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1938 in New Zealand.

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1939 in Canada

Events from the year 1939 in Canada.

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1939 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1939 in New Zealand.

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1940 in Canada

Events from the year 1940 in Canada.

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1940 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1940 in New Zealand.

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1941 in Canada

Events from the year 1941 in Canada.

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1941 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1941 in New Zealand.

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1942 in Canada

Events from the year 1942 in Canada.

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1942 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1942 in New Zealand.

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1943 in Canada

Events from the year 1943 in Canada.

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1943 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1943 in New Zealand.

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1944 in Canada

Events from the year 1944 in Canada.

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1944 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1944 in New Zealand.

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1945

This year also marks the end of the Second World War, the deadliest conflict in human history.

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1945 in Canada

Events from the year 1945 in Canada.

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1945 in Germany

Events in the year 1945 in Germany.

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1945 in New Zealand

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1946

No description.

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1946 in Canada

Events from the year 1946 in Canada.

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1946 in New Zealand

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1947 in Canada

Events from the year 1947 in Canada.

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1947 in New Zealand

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1948 in Canada

Events from the year 1948 in Canada.

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1948 in New Zealand

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1949 in Canada

Events from the year 1949 in Canada.

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1949 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1949 in New Zealand.

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1950 in Canada

Events from the year 1950 in Canada.

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1950 in New Zealand

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1951 in Canada

Events from the year 1951 in Canada.

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1951 in France

Events from the year 1951 in France.

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1951 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1951 in New Zealand.

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1952 in Canada

Events from the year 1952 in Canada.

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1952 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1952 in New Zealand.

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1953 in Canada

Events from the year 1953 in Canada.

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1953 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1953 in New Zealand.

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1954 in Canada

Events from the year 1954 in Canada.

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1954 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1954 in New Zealand.

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1955 in Canada

Events from the year 1955 in Canada.

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1955 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1955 in New Zealand.

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1956 in Canada

Events from the year 1956 in Canada.

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1956 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1956 in New Zealand.

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1957 in Canada

Events from the year 1957 in Canada.

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1957 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1957 in New Zealand.

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1958 in Canada

Events from the year 1958 in Canada.

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1958 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1958 in New Zealand.

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1959 in Canada

Events from the year 1959 in Canada.

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1959 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1959 in New Zealand.

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1960

It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism.

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1960 in Canada

Events from the year 1960 in Canada.

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1960 in New Zealand

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1961 in Canada

Events from the year 1961 in Canada.

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1961 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1961 in New Zealand.

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1962 in Canada

Events from the year 1962 in Canada.

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1962 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1962 in New Zealand.

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1963 in Canada

Events from the year 1963 in Canada.

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1963 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1963 in New Zealand.

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1964 Arab League summit (Alexandria)

The 1964 Arab League summit in Alexandria was held on 11 September 1964 in Montaza Palace, Alexandria as the second Arab League Summit.

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1964 Arab League summit (Cairo)

The 1964 Arab League summit was the first summit of the Arab League, held in Cairo, Egypt, on 13–16 January 1964 and attended by all thirteen of the then member states: United Arab Republic (Egypt), Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Yemen, Libya, Sudan, Morocco, Tunisia, Kuwait and Algeria.

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1964 Brazilian coup d'état

The 1964 Brazilian coup d'état (Golpe de estado no Brasil em 1964 or, more colloquially, Golpe de 64) was a series of events in Brazil from March 31 to April 1 that led to the overthrow of President João Goulart by members of the Brazilian Armed Forces, supported by the United States government.

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1964 in Canada

Events from the year 1964 in Canada.

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1964 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1964 in New Zealand.

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1965 in Canada

Events from the year 1965 in Canada.

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1965 in New Zealand

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1966 in Canada

Events from the year 1966 in Canada.

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1966 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1966 in New Zealand.

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1966 in Nigeria

This article is about the particular significance of the year 1966 to Nigeria and its people.

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1967 in Canada

1967 is remembered as one of the most notable years in Canada.

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1967 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1967 in New Zealand.

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1968 in Canada

Events from the year 1968 in Canada.

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1968 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1968 in New Zealand.

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1968 Polish political crisis

The Polish 1968 political crisis, also known in Poland as March 1968 or March events (Marzec 1968; wydarzenia marcowe), pertains to a series of major student, intellectual and other protests against the government of the Polish People's Republic.

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1969 in Canada

Events from the year 1969 in Canada.

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1969 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1969 in New Zealand.

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1970 in Canada

Events from the year 1970 in Canada.

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1970 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1970 in New Zealand.

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1971 in Canada

Events from the year 1971 in Canada.

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1971 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1971 in New Zealand.

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1972 in Canada

Events from the year 1972 in Canada.

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1972 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1972 in New Zealand.

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1973 in Canada

Events from the year 1973 in Canada.

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1973 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1973 in New Zealand.

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1974 in Canada

Events from the year 1974 in Canada.

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1974 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1974 in New Zealand.

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1975

It was also declared the International Women's Year by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe.

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1975 in Canada

Events from the year 1975 in Canada.

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1975 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1975 in New Zealand.

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1976

No description.

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1976 in Canada

Events from the year 1976 in Canada.

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1976 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1976 in New Zealand.

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1977 in Canada

Events from the year 1977 in Canada.

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1977 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1977 in New Zealand.

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1978 in Canada

Events from the year 1978 in Canada.

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1978 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1978 in New Zealand.

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1979 in Canada

Events from the year 1979 in Canada.

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1979 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1979 in New Zealand.

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1980 in Canada

Events from the year 1980 in Canada.

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1980 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1980 in New Zealand.

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1981 in Canada

Events from the year 1981 in Canada.

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1981 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1981 in New Zealand.

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1982 in Canada

Events from the year 1982 in Canada.

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1982 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1982 in New Zealand.

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1983 in Canada

Events from the year 1983 in Canada.

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1983 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1983 in New Zealand.

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1984 in Canada

Events from the year 1984 in Canada.

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1984 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1984 in New Zealand.

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1985 in Canada

Events from the year 1985 in Canada.

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1985 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1985 in New Zealand.

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1986 in Canada

Events from the year 1986 in Canada.

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1986 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1986 in New Zealand.

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1987 in Canada

Events from the year 1987 in Canada.

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1987 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1987 in New Zealand.

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1988

In the 20th century, the year 1988 has the most Roman numeral digits (11).

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1988 in Canada

Events from the year 1988 in Canada.

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1988 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1988 in New Zealand.

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1989 in Canada

Events from the year 1989 in Canada.

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1989 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1989 in New Zealand.

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1990 in Canada

Events from the year 1990 in Canada.

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1990 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1990 in New Zealand.

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1990s

The 1990s (pronounced "nineteen-nineties" and abbreviated as the "Nineties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1990, and ended on December 31, 1999.

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1991 in Canada

Events from the year 1991 in Canada.

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1991 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1991 in New Zealand.

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1992 in Canada

Events from the year 1992 in Canada.

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1992 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1992 in New Zealand.

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1993 in Canada

Events from the year 1993 in Canada.

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1993 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1993 in New Zealand.

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1994 in Canada

Events from the year 1994 in Canada.

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1994 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1994 in New Zealand.

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1995

This was the first year that the Internet was entirely privatized, with the United States government no longer providing public funding.

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1995 in Canada

Events from the year 1995 in Canada.

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1995 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1995 in New Zealand.

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1996 in Canada

Events from the year 1996 in Canada.

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1996 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1996 in New Zealand.

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1997

No description.

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1997 in Canada

Events from the year 1997 in Canada.

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1997 in Ireland

Events from the year 1997 in Ireland.

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1997 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1997 in New Zealand.

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1998 in Canada

Events from the year 1998 in Canada.

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1998 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1998 in New Zealand.

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1998–2002 Argentine great depression

The 1998–2002 Argentine Great Depression was an economic depression in Argentina, which began in the third quarter of 1998 and lasted until the second quarter of 2002.

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1999 in Canada

Events from the year 1999 in Canada.

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1999 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 1999 in New Zealand.

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1st BRIC summit

The inaugural BRIC summit took place in Yekaterinburg, Russia on June 16, 2009.

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2 euro commemorative coins

2 commemorative coins are special euro coins minted and issued by member states of the eurozone since 2004 as legal tender in all eurozone member states.

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2000 in Canada

The following lists events that happened during 2000 in Canada.

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2000 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2000 in New Zealand.

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2000s in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Congolese history in the 2000s has primarily revolved around the Second Congo War (1998–2003) and the empowerment of a transitional government.

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2001 in Canada

Events from the year 2001 in Canada.

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2001 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2001 in New Zealand.

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2002 in Canada

Events from the year 2002 in Canada.

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2002 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2002 in New Zealand.

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2003 in Canada

Events from the year 2003 in Canada.

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2003 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2003 in New Zealand.

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2004 in Canada

Events from the year 2004 in Canada.

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2004 in Greece

Events in the year 2004 in Greece.

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2004 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2004 in New Zealand.

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2004 Istanbul summit

The 2004 Istanbul summit was held in Istanbul, Turkey from June 28 to June 29, 2004.

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2005 in Africa

No description.

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2005 in Canada

Events from the year 2005 in Canada.

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2005 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2005 in New Zealand.

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2005 World Summit

The 2005 World Summit, 14–16 September 2005, was a follow-up summit meeting to the United Nations' 2000 Millennium Summit, which led to the Millennium Declaration of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

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2006 Commonwealth Games

The 2006 Commonwealth Games, officially the XVIII Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Melbourne 2006, were an international multi-sport event for members of the Commonwealth that were held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia between 15 and 26 March 2006.

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2006 Commonwealth Games highlights

The following article outlines the highlights of the 2006 Commonwealth Games.

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2006 in Africa

No description.

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2006 in Canada

Events from the year 2006 in Canada.

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2006 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2006 in New Zealand.

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2006 Thai coup d'état

The 2006 Thai coup d'état took place on 19 September 2006, when the Royal Thai Army staged a coup d'état against the elected caretaker government of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra.

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2007 Cricket World Cup

The 2007 Cricket World Cup (officially known as ICC Cricket World Cup 2007) was the 9th edition of the Cricket World Cup tournament that took place in the West Indies from 13 March to 28 April 2007, using the sport's One Day International (ODI) format.

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2007 in Canada

Events from the year 2007 in Canada.

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2007 in Georgia (country)

2007 in Georgia saw a number of military incidents involving Georgia and Russia over the Abkhazia area.

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2007 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2007 in New Zealand.

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2008 in Canada

Events from the year 2008 in Canada.

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2008 in politics

These are some of the notable events relating to politics in 2008.

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2008–09 Canadian parliamentary dispute

The 2008–2009 Canadian parliamentary dispute was a political dispute during the 40th Canadian Parliament.

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2009

2009 was designated as.

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2009 Fijian constitutional crisis

The Fijian constitutional crisis of 2009 began on Friday, 10 April 2009.

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2009 flu pandemic by country

This article deals with the status and efforts regarding the 2009 flu pandemic by country and continent/region.

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2009 flu pandemic in Costa Rica

In March and April 2009, an outbreak of a new strain of flu (also known as influenza), popularly known as swine flu was discovered to have infected several people in Mexico and the states of California and Texas in the United States.

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2009 Flu pandemic in North America

The 2009 flu pandemic in North America, part of an epidemic in 2009 of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 causing what has been commonly called swine flu, began in Mexico and has since spread worldwide.

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2009 flu pandemic in South America

The 2009 flu pandemic in South America was part of a global epidemic in 2009 of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1, causing what has been commonly called swine flu.

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2009 flu pandemic timeline

This article covers the chronology of the 2009 novel influenza A (H1N1) pandemic.

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2009 G20 London summit

The 2009 G20 London Summit was the second meeting of the G20 heads of government/heads of state, which was held in London on 2 April 2009 at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre to discuss financial markets and the world economy.

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2009 in Canada

Events from the year 2009 in Canada.

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2009 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2009 in New Zealand.

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2009 Strasbourg–Kehl summit

The 2009 Strasbourg–Kehl Summit was a NATO summit of heads of state and heads of government held in Strasbourg, France, and in Kehl and Baden-Baden, Germany, on 3–4 April 2009.

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2009 World Games

The 2009 World Games, the eighth edition of the World Games, were an international multi-sport event held in Kaohsiung, Republic of China (under the name Chinese Taipei) from July 16, 2009 to July 26, 2009.

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2010 Commonwealth Games

The 2010 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XIX Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Delhi 2010, was an international multi-sport event that was held in Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010.

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2010 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony

The opening ceremony of the 2010 Commonwealth Games was held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the main stadium of the event, in New Delhi, India.

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2010 IBSA summit

The 2010 IBSA summit took place in Brasilia, Brazil on April 15, 2010.

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2010 in Canada

Events from the year 2010 in Canada.

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2010 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2010 in New Zealand.

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2010 Lisbon summit

The 2010 Lisbon summit was a meeting of the heads of state and heads of government of NATO held in Lisbon, Portugal, on 19 and 20 November 2010.

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2010 Nigerien coup d'état

A coup d'état occurred in Niger on 18 February 2010.

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2010 Nuclear Security Summit

The 2010 Nuclear Security Summit was a summit held in Washington, D.C., on April 12 and 13, 2010.

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2010 Shanghai Expo opening ceremony

The 2010 Shanghai Expo opening ceremony (中国2010年上海世界博览会开幕式) occurred on April 30, 2010 at the Shanghai World Expo Cultural Center in Shanghai, People's Republic of China, a day before the opening of the Expo 2010.The opening ceremony was planned and designed by ECA2`s founder,Yves Pepin.

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2010 South American Summit

The 2010 South American summit (officially the 4th Ordinary Meeting of the Council of Heads of State and Government of the Union of South American Nations), took place in Georgetown, Guyana on November 26, 2010.

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2011 in Canada

Events from the year 2011 in Canada.

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2011 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2011 in New Zealand.

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2011 Malawian protests

The 2011 Malawi protests were protests aimed at winning political and economic reforms or concessions from the government of Malawi.

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2011 Qantas industrial disputes

The 2011 Qantas industrial disputes were a series of disputes between the Australian airline Qantas and a number of trade unions during much of 2011 and the start of 2012.

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2012 Chicago summit

The 2012 Chicago Summit was a meeting of the heads of state and heads of government of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), held in Chicago, Illinois, on May 20 and 21 of 2012.

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2012 in Canada

Events from the year 2012 in Canada.

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2012 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2012 in New Zealand.

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2012 SCO summit

The 2012 SCO summit was the 12th annual summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

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2013 in Canada

Events from the year 2013 in Canada.

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2013 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2013 in New Zealand.

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2014 in Canada

Events from the year 2014 in Canada.

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2014 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2014 in New Zealand.

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2014 SCO summit

The 2014 SCO summit was the 13th annual summit of heads of state of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation held between 11-12 September in Dushanbe, Tajikistan.

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2014 Wales summit

The 2014 Wales Summit of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was a meeting of the heads of state and heads of government of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, held in Newport, Wales on 4 and 5 September 2014.

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2015 in Canada

Events from the year 2015 in Canada.

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2015 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2015 in New Zealand.

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2015 Western Balkans Summit, Vienna

The 2015 Western Balkans Summit was the second annual summit of heads of states and governments of Western Balkans.

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2016 in Canada

Events from the year 2016 in Canada.

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2016 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2016 in New Zealand.

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2016 Warsaw summit

The 2016 Warsaw Summit of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was the 27th formal meeting of the heads of state and heads of government of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, held at the National Stadium in Warsaw, Poland, on 8 and 9 July 2016.

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2016–17 Gambian constitutional crisis

A constitutional crisis in the Gambia started after the presidential elections on 1 December 2016, and ended with the outgoing president Yahya Jammeh being forced to step down in favour of his elected successor Adama Barrow on 21 January 2017, after resistance.

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2017 Brussels summit

The 2017 Brussels Summit of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was the 28th formal meeting of the heads of state and heads of government of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, held in Brussels, Belgium, on 25 May 2017.

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2017 in Canada

Events from the year 2017 in Canada.

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2017 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2017 in New Zealand.

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2017 SCO summit

The 2017 SCO summit was the 17th annual summit of heads of state of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation held between 7 - 10 June in Astana, Kazakhstan.

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2017–18 Iranian protests

A series of public protests occurred in various cities throughout Iran beginning on 28 December 2017 and continuing into 2018.

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2018 Brussels summit

The 2018 Brussels Summit of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) will be the 29th formal meeting of the heads of state and heads of government of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, held in Brussels, Belgium, on 11 and 12 July 2018.

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2018 in Canada

Events for the year 2018 in Canada.

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2018 in India

Events in the year 2018 in the Republic of India.

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2018 in New Zealand

The following lists events that happened during 2018 in New Zealand.

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21 Motorised Infantry Brigade (Namibia)

21 Motorised Infantry Brigade is a brigade of the Namibian Army based at Suiderhof,Windhoek.

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21-gun salute

A 21-gun salute is the most commonly recognized of the customary gun salutes that are performed by the firing of cannons or artillery as a military honor.

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24 (season 2)

The second season of the American drama television series 24, also known as Day 2, was first broadcast from October 29, 2002, to May 20, 2003 on Fox.

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2nd BRIC summit

The 2010 BRIC summit took place in Brasília, Brazil on April 16, 2010.

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3rd BRICS summit

The 2011 BRICS summit took place in Sanya on the island of Hainan, China, on 14 April 2011.

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4th BRICS summit

The 2012 BRICS summit was the fourth annual BRICS summit, an international relations conference attended by the heads of state or heads of government of the five member states Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.

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5th BRICS summit

The 2013 BRICS summit was the fifth annual BRICS summit, an international relations conference attended by the head of states or heads of government of the five member states Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.

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6th BRICS summit

The 6th BRICS summit was the sixth annual diplomatic meeting of the BRICS, a grouping of major emerging economies that includes Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.

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7th BRICS summit

The 7th BRICS summit was the seventh annual diplomatic summit of the head of states or government of the BRICS member states.

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Redirects here:

Chief of State, Chief of state, Head of State, Head of nation, Head of the State, Head of the state, Head-of-state, Heads of State, Heads of state, Heads of states, Heads-of-state, Leaders of a nation, Nation Leader, National leader.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state