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518 relations: A History of Philosophy (Copleston), Abstention, Accademia dei Lincei, Achille Loria, Agnosticism, Ahmad Fathy Zaghlul, Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed, Albert Étienne Jean Baptiste Terrien de Lacouperie, Albert Michotte, Albert Schatz (law), Albert Schweitzer, Alfred Barratt, Alfred Espinas, Alfred Machin (writer), Alfred Russel Wallace, Allan Octavian Hume, Alternatives to evolution by natural selection, Ameen Rihani, American philosophy, Amity-enmity complex, An Essay on the Principle of Population, Anarchism in the United States, Anarcho-capitalism, Anarchy, State, and Utopia, Andrew Carnegie, Anglophile, Anthony Ludovici, Antoinette Brown Blackwell, Antonie Pannekoek, Antonio Caso Andrade, Apperception, April 27, Arthur D. Houghton, Arturo Salazar Valencia, Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, Athene Seyler, Auberon Herbert, August Weismann, Augusta Cooper Bristol, Auguste Burdeau, Auguste Comte, Augustus De Morgan, Augustus Pitt Rivers, Émile Durkheim, Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, Bachelor, Beatrice Webb, Benjamin Kidd, Benjamin Tucker, Bernard Bosanquet (philosopher), ..., Bertha von Suttner, Bessie Rayner Parkes, Big History, Božidar Knežević, Bolesław Prus, Bolton Hall (activist), Brajendra Nath Seal, Branislav Petronijević, British Constitution Association, British idealism, Bruce Wilshire, Canadian Socialist League, Carlos Vaz Ferreira, Cesário Verde, Charles Bray, Charles Cooley, Charles Darwin, Charles Fox (civil and railway engineer), Charles Sanders Peirce, Chauncey Wright, Child art, Cholesbury, Classical liberalism, Classification of the sciences (Peirce), Colonialism, Composite portrait, Conflict theories, Connectionism, Consequentialism, Constance Jones, Constance Naden, Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Criticism of atheism, Cultural evolution, Cultural materialism (anthropology), Culture, Cyclograph, D. Appleton & Company, Daniel Lambert, Darwin from Orchids to Variation, Darwin Industry, Darwinism, David Goodman Croly, David Sharp (entomologist), December 8, Demófilo, Derby, Derby Museum and Art Gallery, Derby Philosophical Society, Development of Darwin's theory, Dorothy Day, Duration (philosophy), Dyer Lum, E. M. King, Early life of Mao Zedong, East Midlands, Ebenezer Cooke (art education reformer), Ecological-evolutionary theory, Edinburgh Review, Edward A. Pace, Edward Abramowski, Edward Burnett Tylor, Edward Clodd, Edward John Eyre, Edward L. Youmans, Edward Onslow Ford, Ellen Key, Embedded liberalism, Emil Torday, English historical school of economics, Ernest Belfort Bax, Ernest Benn, Ernesto Bozzano, Essay on a Course of Liberal Education for Civil and Active Life, Euhemerism, Evolution as fact and theory, Evolution of biological complexity, Evolutionary ethics, Evolutionism, Exeter Bridge, Exploitation of labour, Ștefan Petică, Farah Antun, Fitness (biology), For a New Liberty, Francisco do Monte Alverne, Frank Norris, Frank P. O'Hare, Franz Boas, Frederick Howard Collins (indexer), Frederick Jackson Turner, Free love, French philosophy, Friedrich von Wieser, Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy, G factor (psychometrics), Gabriel Compayré, Gardner Murphy, Gentlemen Marry Brunettes, Geolibertarianism, George Bentham, George Bernard Shaw: His Plays, George Chatterton-Hill, George Eliot, George H. Smith, George Sutherland, George W. Woodbey, Georges Vacher de Lapouge, Getting It Wrong from the Beginning, Gilded Age, Giovanni Papini, Global brain, Glossary of anarchism, Goldwin Smith, Grant Allen, Great man theory, Green Acre Bahá'í School, Grigore T. Popa, Gustave Le Bon, H. B. Acton, H. L. Mencken, H. M. Posnett, Hari Narayan Apte, Hectocotylus, Hector C. Macpherson, Henri Bergson, Henry Hazlitt, Henry Laurie, Henry Lucy, Henry Thomas Buckle, Henry Walter Bates, Henry Ward Beecher, Herbert (given name), Herbert Ratner, Herbert Spencer (disambiguation), Herman George Scheffauer, Hero, Highgate Cemetery, Hinde Street, Historic conservatism in New Zealand, Historic recurrence, Historical figure, Historical school of economics, Historicism, History of aesthetics before the 20th century, History of anthropology, History of archaeology, History of creationism, History of ecology, History of ideas, History of liberalism, History of modernisation theory, History of philosophy in Poland, History of religion, History of sociology, History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1928–38), History of Unitarianism, Home education in the United Kingdom, Household deity, Hugh Blair, Human ecology, Humor in Freud, Humpty Jackson, Hylozoism, I. F. Stone, Idea of progress, Indeterminism, Index of modern philosophy articles, Index of philosophy articles (D–H), Index of philosophy of science articles, Index of sociopolitical thinkers, India House, Indigenismo in Mexico, Individualism, Individualist anarchism, Individualist anarchism in the United States, Inductivism, Introduction to evolution, Irreducible complexity, Isaak Benrubi, J. W. Burrow, Jack London, Jamaica Committee, James Rodway, Jean-Marie Guyau, Jewish skeptics, Joan Bardina Castarà, Johan Sørensen, John Chapman (engineer), John Chapman (publisher), John Fiske (philosopher), John McLure Hamilton, John Offer, John Stuart Mackenzie, John Tyndall, Jorge Guillermo Borges Haslam, Jorge Luis Borges, José Ingenieros, Joseph Fletcher (statistician), Joseph George Rosengarten, Joseph Mazzini Wheeler, Joseph Priestley, Joseph Priestley and Dissent, Joseph Priestley and education, Josiah Royce bibliography, Josiah Warren, K.3364, Kensal Green Cemetery, Keynesian Revolution, Kieran Egan (educationist), L. S. Bevington, Lafcadio Hearn, Laissez-faire, Lamarckism, Land&Liberty, Latin American culture, LaVeyan Satanism, Law of equal liberty, Leadership, Learning through play, Left-libertarianism, Leslie Bethell, Leslie White, Lester Frank Ward, Liberal democracy, Liberalism, Liberalism in China, Liberalism in Mexico, Liberalism in the United Kingdom, Liberalism in the United States, Libertarianism in the United Kingdom, Liberty and Property Defence League, Library of Friedrich Nietzsche, List of abolitionists, List of agnostics, List of anthropologists, List of atheist philosophers, List of autodidacts, List of conservative feminisms, List of English people, List of English writers (R-Z), List of ethicists, List of liberal theorists, List of people from Brighton and Hove, List of people with surname Spencer, List of philosophers (R–Z), List of philosophers born in the 19th century, List of philosophy anniversaries, List of political philosophers, List of social theorists, List of sociologists, List of utilitarians, List of Vanity Fair (British magazine) caricatures (1875–79), Literary Taste: How to Form It, Lochner v. New York, Logology (science of science), Ludwig Gumplowicz, Lurana W. Sheldon, Magic (supernatural), Maksim Kovalevsky, Manuel Córdova-Rios, Mao Zedong, Markeaton Brook, Martin Eden, Mexican Youth Athenaeum, Mihail Dragomirescu, Miroslav Tyrš, Modern history, Mold of the Earth, Moral sense theory, Morant Bay rebellion, More Letters of Charles Darwin, Mount Spencer (California), Multiple discovery, Murray Rothbard, Nationalism, Natura non facit saltus, Natural selection, Nature (journal), Neofunctionalism (sociology), Neural circuit, Nicolas Rashevsky, Non-aggression principle, Objections to evolution, Octavius Frothingham, Olive Schreiner, On the Origin of Species, Organic work, Organicism, Orthogenesis, Ouida, Our Enemy, the State, Ozjasz Thon, Panagiotis Kondylis, Pangenesis, Paper clip, Patrick Geddes, Paul Broca, Paul von Lilienfeld, Pavel Milyukov, Percy Molteno, Perfection, Peter Kropotkin, Petre P. Negulescu, Philosophical anarchism, Philosophy of culture, Philosophy of history, Philosophy of social science, Pilgrimage (novel sequence), Playground, Polish nationalism, Positivism, Positivism in Poland, Progress (history), Progressivism in the United States, Psychological egoism, Publication of Darwin's theory, Qasim Amin, Racism, Racism: A History, Raicu Ionescu-Rion, Reactions to On the Origin of Species, Recapitulation theory, Reformist Left, Renzo Novatore, Richard Meinertzhagen, Richard T. Ely, Robert Dunnell, Robert Evans Snodgrass, Robert Page Arnot, Romanian philosophy, Rosaline Masson, Russian Psychological Society, Samson Benderly, Samuel Mackenzie Elliott, Scientology, Second Unitarian Church (Brooklyn), Senate House, London, Sensualism, Sergei Nikolaevich Trubetskoy, Sex differences in intelligence, Shyamji Krishna Varma, Sidney Hillman, Sino-Babylonianism, Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet, Social Darwinism, Social effects of evolutionary theory, Social Evolution, Social liberalism, Social organism, Social philosophy, Social progress, Social reality, Social science, Social Statics, Social structure, Social theory, Society for Mathematical Biology, Sociocultural evolution, Sociological theory, Sociology, Sofia Kovalevskaya, Sofia Nădejde, Spencer (surname), Spencerian, Spilling salt, Structural functionalism, Structural pluralism, Sunday Lecture Society, Superorganism, Survival of the fittest, Svetozar Marković, Swami Vivekananda, Systems theory, T. Madhava Rao, Talcott Parsons, Telegony (pregnancy), Théodule-Armand Ribot, The Best of Everything (film), The Conversion of Aurelian McGoggin, The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, The Doctrine of Philosophical Necessity Illustrated, The eclipse of Darwinism, The Economist, The Educated Mind, The Evolution of Cooperation, The g Factor: The Science of Mental Ability, The Indian Sociologist, The Kybalion, The Leader (English newspaper), The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, The Man Versus the State, The Master Key System, The Mentor Philosophers, The Ordeal of Richard Feverel, The Paranoid Style in American Politics, The Philosophy of Freedom, The Sea-Wolf, The Sexes Throughout Nature, The Story of Philosophy, The Theory of the Leisure Class, The Westminster Review, The Zoist, Theodore Solomons, Theories of humor, There is no alternative, Thinker's Library, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Hardy, Thomas Henry Huxley, Thomas Hill Green, Thomas Hodgskin, Thomas Rawson Birks, Thomas Rowe Edmonds, Thorstein Veblen, Three-age system, Timeline of libertarian thinkers, Timeline of Western philosophers, Traian Demetrescu, Translation, Transmutation of species, Tutonish, Tychism, Typographica, Tyranny of the majority, Unilineal evolution, Unionist Social Reform Committee, Universal Darwinism, Universal history, Victor Yarros, Viktor Lennstrand, Vilfredo Pareto, Vitthal Ramji Shinde, Vladimir Dvorniković, Voluntary Socialism, Voluntaryism, W. I. Thomas, Where Adam Stood, White Fang, Wilhelm Dilthey, William Ewart Gladstone, William George Spencer, William Graham Sumner, William Henry Appleton, William Holman, William Hurrell Mallock, William Kingdon Clifford, William Moorsom, William Winwood Reade, Williams and Norgate, Women in philosophy, X Club, Yale University, Yan Fu, Yone Noguchi, Yugoslav philosophy, Zeitgeist, 1820, 1820 in the United Kingdom, 1820s in sociology, 1850s in sociology, 1860s in sociology, 1862 in the United Kingdom, 1870s in sociology, 1903, 1903 in philosophy, 1903 in the United Kingdom, 19th century. Expand index (468 more) »
A History of Philosophy (Copleston)
A History of Philosophy is an eleven-volume history of Western philosophy written by the English Jesuit priest Frederick Charles Copleston.
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Abstention
Abstention is a term in election procedure for when a participant in a vote either does not go to vote (on election day) or, in parliamentary procedure, is present during the vote, but does not cast a ballot.
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Accademia dei Lincei
The Accademia dei Lincei (literally the "Academy of the Lynx-Eyed", but anglicised as the Lincean Academy) is an Italian science academy, located at the Palazzo Corsini on the Via della Lungara in Rome, Italy.
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Achille Loria
Achille Loria (March 2, 1857 in Mantua – November 6, 1943) was an Italian political economist.
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Agnosticism
Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable.
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Ahmad Fathy Zaghlul
Ahmad Fathy Zaghlul (1863–1914) was an Egyptian nationalist lawyer and politician.
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Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed
Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed or Aḥmad Luṭfī Sayyid Pasha (15 January 1872 – 5 March 1963) was an Egyptian intellectual, anti-colonial activist and the first director of Cairo University.
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Albert Étienne Jean Baptiste Terrien de Lacouperie
Albert Étienne Jean Baptiste Terrien de Lacouperie (23 November 1844 in Ingouville, Le Havre – 11 October 1894 in London) was a French orientalist, specialising in comparative philology.
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Albert Michotte
Albert Edouard, Baron Michotte van den Berck (13 October 1881, Brussels, Belgium – 2 June 1965) was a Belgian experimental psychologist.
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Albert Schatz (law)
Albert Schatz (1879–1940) was a law professor at the University of Dijon and historian of 19th century individualism and Jean-Baptiste Say.
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Albert Schweitzer
Albert Schweitzer, OM (14 January 1875 – 4 September 1965) was a French-German theologian, organist, writer, humanitarian, philosopher, and physician.
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Alfred Barratt
Alfred Barratt (1844–1881) was an English barrister and philosophical writer.
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Alfred Espinas
Alfred Victor Espinas (23 May 1844 – 24 February 1922) was a French thinker noted for having been an influence on Nietzsche.
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Alfred Machin (writer)
Alfred George Fysh Machin (born 1888) was an early twentieth-century British writer on the evolution of societies.
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Alfred Russel Wallace
Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 18237 November 1913) was an English naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, and biologist.
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Allan Octavian Hume
Allan Octavian Hume, CB ICS (6 June 1829 – 31 July 1912) was a member of the Imperial Civil Service (later the Indian Civil Service), a political reformer, ornithologist and botanist who worked in British India.
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Alternatives to evolution by natural selection
Alternatives to evolution by natural selection, also described as non-Darwinian mechanisms of evolution, have been proposed by scholars investigating biology since classical times to explain signs of evolution and the relatedness of different groups of living things.
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Ameen Rihani
Ameen Rihani (Amīn Fāris Anṭūn ar-Rīḥānī) (أمين الريحاني / ALA-LC: Amīn ar-Rīḥānī; 1876 – 1940), was a Lebanese American writer, intellectual and political activist.
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American philosophy
American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States.
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Amity-enmity complex
The amity-enmity complex was a term introduced by Sir Arthur Keith.
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An Essay on the Principle of Population
The book An Essay on the Principle of Population was first published anonymously in 1798, but the author was soon identified as Thomas Robert Malthus.
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Anarchism in the United States
Anarchism in the United States began in the mid-19th century and started to grow in influence as it entered the American labor movements, growing an anarcho-communist current as well as gaining notoriety for violent propaganda by the deed and campaigning for diverse social reforms in the early 20th century.
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Anarcho-capitalism
Anarcho-capitalism is a political philosophy and school of anarchist thought that advocates the elimination of centralized state dictum in favor of self-ownership, private property and free markets.
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Anarchy, State, and Utopia
Anarchy, State, and Utopia is a 1974 book by the American political philosopher Robert Nozick.
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Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie (but commonly or;MacKay, p. 29. November 25, 1835August 11, 1919) was a Scottish-American industrialist, business magnate, and philanthropist.
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Anglophile
An Anglophile is a person who admires England, its people, and its culture.
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Anthony Ludovici
Anthony Mario Ludovici MBE (8 January 1882 – 3 April 1971) was a British philosopher, sociologist, social critic and polyglot.
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Antoinette Brown Blackwell
Antoinette Louisa Brown, later Antoinette Brown Blackwell (May 20, 1825 – November 5, 1921), was the first woman to be ordained as a mainstream Protestant minister in the United States.
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Antonie Pannekoek
Antonie (Anton) Pannekoek (2 January 1873 – 28 April 1960) was a Dutch astronomer, Marxist theorist, and social revolutionary.
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Antonio Caso Andrade
Antonio Caso Andrade (December 19, 1883 – March 6, 1946) was a Mexican philosopher and rector of the former Universidad Nacional de México, nowadays known as the National Autonomous University of Mexico from December 1921 to August 1923.
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Apperception
Apperception (from the Latin ad-, "to, toward" and percipere, "to perceive, gain, secure, learn, or feel") is any of several aspects of perception and consciousness in such fields as psychology, philosophy and epistemology.
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April 27
No description.
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Arthur D. Houghton
Arthur Duvernoix Houghton, or A.D. Houghton, (1870-1938) was a medical doctor, a botanist specializing in cacti, a member of the Los Angeles, California, City Council from 1904 to 1906 and one of the founders of the American Legion.
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Arturo Salazar Valencia
Arturo Edmundo Salazar Valencia (Andacollo, Chile, 2 December 1855 – Santiago, Chile, 3 April 1943) was a scientist, researcher, innovator and professor of electrical engineering in Chile, who in his role as a self-taught individual, explored a wide variety of fields of interest and is considered a true pioneer in the technological development of his country.
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Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology
Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology is a history of science by Isaac Asimov, written as the biographies of over 1500 scientists.
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Athene Seyler
Athene Seyler, CBE (31 May 188912 September 1990) was an English actress.
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Auberon Herbert
Auberon Edward William Molyneux Herbert (18 June 1838 in Highclere – 5 November 1906) was a writer, theorist, philosopher, and 19th century individualist.
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August Weismann
August Friedrich Leopold Weismann (17 January 1834 – 5 November 1914) was a German evolutionary biologist.
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Augusta Cooper Bristol
Augusta Cooper Bristol (April 17, 1835 – May 9, 1910) was an American poet and lecturer.
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Auguste Burdeau
Auguste-Laurent Burdeau (10 September 185112 December 1894) was a French politician.
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Auguste Comte
Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte (19 January 1798 – 5 September 1857) was a French philosopher who founded the discipline of praxeology and the doctrine of positivism.
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Augustus De Morgan
Augustus De Morgan (27 June 1806 – 18 March 1871) was a British mathematician and logician.
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Augustus Pitt Rivers
Augustus Henry Lane-Fox Pitt Rivers (14 April 18274 May 1900) was an English officer in the British Army, ethnologist, and archaeologist.
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Émile Durkheim
David Émile Durkheim (or; April 15, 1858 – November 15, 1917) was a French sociologist.
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Étienne Bonnot de Condillac
Étienne Bonnot de Condillac (30 September 1714 – 3 August 1780) was a French philosopher and epistemologist, who studied in such areas as psychology and the philosophy of the mind.
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Bachelor
A bachelor is a man who is socially regarded as able to marry, but has not yet.
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Beatrice Webb
Martha Beatrice Webb, Baroness Passfield, (née Potter; 22 January 1858 – 30 April 1943), was an English sociologist, economist, socialist, labour historian and social reformer.
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Benjamin Kidd
Benjamin Kidd (1858–1916) was a British sociologist whose first job was a civil service clerk, but who, by persistent self-education, became internationally famous by the publication of his book Social Evolution in 1894.
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Benjamin Tucker
Benjamin Ricketson Tucker (April 17, 1854 – June 22, 1939) was a 19th century proponent of American individualist anarchism, which he called "unterrified Jeffersonianism," and editor and publisher of the individualist anarchist periodical Liberty.
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Bernard Bosanquet (philosopher)
Bernard Bosanquet, FBA (14 June 1848 – 8 February 1923) was a British philosopher and political theorist, and an influential figure on matters of political and social policy in late 19th and early 20th century Britain.
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Bertha von Suttner
Bertha Felicitas Sophie Freifrau von Suttner (Baroness Bertha von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky, Gräfin Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau; 9 June 184321 June 1914) was an Austrian-Bohemian pacifist and novelist.
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Bessie Rayner Parkes
Bessie Rayner Parkes Belloc (16 June 1829 – 23 March 1925) was one of the most prominent English feminists and campaigners for women's rights in Victorian times and also a poet, essayist and journalist.
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Big History
Big History is an academic discipline which examines history from the Big Bang to the present.
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Božidar Knežević
Božidar Knežević (3 March 1862, Ub - 18 February 1905, Belgrade) was a Serbian philosopher and writer.
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Bolesław Prus
Bolesław Prus (pronounced: bɔ'lεswaf 'prus; 20 August 1847 – 19 May 1912), born Aleksander Głowacki, is a leading figure in the history of Polish literature and philosophy and a distinctive voice in world literature.
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Bolton Hall (activist)
Bolton Hall (August 5, 1854 – December 10, 1938) was an American lawyer, author, and Georgist activist who worked on behalf of the poor and starting the back-to-the-land movement in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century.
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Brajendra Nath Seal
Sir Brajendra Nath Seal (ব্রজেন্দ্রনাথ শীল; September 3, 1864 – 1938) was a renowned Bengali Indian humanist philosopher.
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Branislav Petronijević
Branislav Petronijević (Serbian Cyrillic: Бранислав Петронијевић; 6 April 1875 – 4 March 1954) was a Serbian philosopher and scientist (paleontologist) who wrote books primarily in three languages, Serbian, German and French fluently.
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British Constitution Association
The British Constitution Association, founded in 1905 as the British Constitutional Association, was a pressure group designed to oppose increasing state regulation, whether from the Liberal Party's New Liberalism or Joseph Chamberlain's proposals for Tariff Reform.
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British idealism
A species of absolute idealism, British idealism was a philosophical movement that was influential in Britain from the mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth century.
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Bruce Wilshire
Bruce W. Wilshire (February 8, 1932 – January 1, 2013) was an American philosopher who taught in the philosophy department at Rutgers University, from which he retired as Professor Emeritus in 2009.
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Canadian Socialist League
The Canadian Socialist League (CSL) was the first nationwide socialist organization founded in Canada.
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Carlos Vaz Ferreira
Carlos Vaz Ferreira (October 15, 1872 – January 3, 1958) was an Uruguayan philosopher, writer, and academic.
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Cesário Verde
Cesário Verde (25 February 1855 – 19 July 1886) was a 19th-century Portuguese poet.
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Charles Bray
Charles Bray (31 January 1811 – 5 October 1884) was a prosperous British ribbon manufacturer, social reformer, philanthropist, philosopher, and phrenologist.
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Charles Cooley
Charles Horton Cooley (August 17, 1864 – May 7, 1929) was an American sociologist and the son of Thomas M. Cooley.
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Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin, (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.
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Charles Fox (civil and railway engineer)
Sir Charles Fox (11 March 1810 in Derby, United Kingdom – 11 June 1874) was an English civil engineer and contractor.
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Charles Sanders Peirce
Charles Sanders Peirce ("purse"; 10 September 1839 – 19 April 1914) was an American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist who is sometimes known as "the father of pragmatism".
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Chauncey Wright
Chauncey Wright (September 10, 1830 – September 12, 1875) was an American philosopher and mathematician, who was an influential early defender of Darwinism and an important influence on American pragmatists such as Charles Sanders Peirce and William James.
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Child art
Child art is the drawings, paintings and other artistic works created by children.
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Cholesbury
Cholesbury (recorded as Chelwardisbyry in the 13th century) is a village in Buckinghamshire, England, on the border with Hertfordshire.
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Classical liberalism
Classical liberalism is a political ideology and a branch of liberalism which advocates civil liberties under the rule of law with an emphasis on economic freedom.
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Classification of the sciences (Peirce)
The philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) did considerable work over a period of years on the classification of sciences (including mathematics).
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Colonialism
Colonialism is the policy of a polity seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of developing or exploiting them to the benefit of the colonizing country and of helping the colonies modernize in terms defined by the colonizers, especially in economics, religion and health.
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Composite portrait
Composite portraiture (also known as composite photographs) is a technique invented by Sir Francis Galton in the 1880s after a suggestion by Herbert Spencer for registering photographs of human faces on the two eyes to create an "average" photograph of all those in the photographed group.
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Conflict theories
Conflict theories are perspectives in sociology and social psychology that emphasize a materialist interpretation of history, dialectical method of analysis, a critical stance toward existing social arrangements, and political program of revolution or, at least, reform.
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Connectionism
Connectionism is an approach in the fields of cognitive science, that hopes to represent mental phenomena using artificial neural networks.
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Consequentialism
Consequentialism is the class of normative ethical theories holding that the consequences of one's conduct are the ultimate basis for any judgment about the rightness or wrongness of that conduct.
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Constance Jones
Emily Elizabeth Constance Jones (19 February 1848 – 9 April 1922) known as Constance Jones or E.E. Constance Jones, was an English philosopher and educator.
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Constance Naden
Constance Caroline Woodhill Naden (24 January 1858 – 23 December 1889) was an English writer, poet and philosopher.
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Correspondence of Charles Darwin
The British naturalist Charles Darwin corresponded with numerous other luminaries of his age and members of his family.
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Criticism of atheism
Criticism of atheism is criticism of the concepts, validity, or impact of atheism, including associated political and social implications.
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Cultural evolution
Cultural evolution is an evolutionary theory of social change.
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Cultural materialism (anthropology)
Cultural materialism is an anthropological research orientation first introduced by Marvin Harris in his 1968 book The Rise of Anthropological Theory, Paperback as a theoretical paradigm and research strategy.
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Culture
Culture is the social behavior and norms found in human societies.
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Cyclograph
A cyclograph (also known as an arcograph) is an instrument for drawing arcs of large diameter circles whose centres are inconveniently or inaccessibly located, one version of which was invented by Scottish architect and mathematician Peter Nicholson.
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D. Appleton & Company
D.
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Daniel Lambert
Daniel Lambert (1770 – 1809) was a gaol keeper and animal breeder from Leicester, England, famous for his unusually large size.
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Darwin from Orchids to Variation
Between 1860 and 1868, the life and work of Charles '''Darwin''' from Orchids to Variation continued with research and experimentation on evolution, carrying out tedious work to provide evidence of the extent of natural variation enabling artificial selection.
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Darwin Industry
The Darwin Industry refers to historical scholarship about, and the large community of historians of science working on, Charles Darwin's life, work, and influence.
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Darwinism
Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.
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David Goodman Croly
David Goodman Croly (November 3, 1829 – April 29, 1889) was an American journalist, born in Ireland and educated at New York University.
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David Sharp (entomologist)
David Sharp FRS (18 October 1840 – 27 August 1922) was an English physician and entomologist who worked mainly on Coleoptera.
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December 8
No description.
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Demófilo
Antonio Machado Álvarez, better known by his pseudonym Demófilo (Santiago de Compostela, 1848 – Seville, 4 February 1893), was a writer, anthropologist, and Spanish folklorist.
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Derby
Derby is a city and unitary authority area in Derbyshire, England.
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Derby Museum and Art Gallery
Derby Museum and Art Gallery was established in 1879, along with Derby Central Library, in a new building designed by Richard Knill Freeman and given to Derby by Michael Thomas Bass.
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Derby Philosophical Society
The Derby Philosophical Society was a club for gentlemen in Derby founded in 1783 by Erasmus Darwin.
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Development of Darwin's theory
Following the inception of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection in 1838, the development of Darwin's theory to explain the "mystery of mysteries" of how new species originated was his "prime hobby" in the background to his main occupation of publishing the scientific results of the ''Beagle'' voyage.
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Dorothy Day
Dorothy Day (November 8, 1897 – November 29, 1980) was an American journalist, social activist, and Catholic convert.
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Duration (philosophy)
Duration (French: la durée) is a theory of time and consciousness posited by the French philosopher Henri Bergson.
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Dyer Lum
Dyer Daniel Lum (1839 – April 6, 1893) was a 19th-century American anarchist, labor activist and poet.
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E. M. King
Eliza Mary King (née Richardson, 1831–1911), better known as Mrs E M King, was a New Zealand feminist who campaigned in England and the United States for repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts; world peace, co-operative housekeeping, rational dress reform and the agrarian reform policies of the American Farmers Alliance.
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Early life of Mao Zedong
The early life of Chinese revolutionary and politician Mao Zedong covered the first 27 years of his life, from 1893 to 1919.
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East Midlands
The East Midlands is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes.
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Ebenezer Cooke (art education reformer)
Ebenezer Cooke (1837-1913) was an art master and pioneer in art education.
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Ecological-evolutionary theory
Ecological-evolutionary theory (EET) is a sociological theory of sociocultural evolution that attempts to explain the origin and changes of society and culture.
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Edinburgh Review
The Edinburgh Review has been the title of four distinct intellectual and cultural magazines.
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Edward A. Pace
Edward A. Pace (July 3, 1861 – April 26, 1938) was a Roman Catholic priest of the Diocese of St. Augustine, Florida.
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Edward Abramowski
Edward Abramowski (17 August 1868 – 21 June 1918) was a Polish philosopher, libertarian socialist, anarchist, psychologist, ethician, and supporter of cooperatives.
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Edward Burnett Tylor
Sir Edward Burnett Tylor (2 October 1832 – 2 January 1917) was an English anthropologist, the founder of cultural anthropology.
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Edward Clodd
Edward Clodd (July 1, 1840 - March 16, 1930) was an English banker, writer and anthropologist.
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Edward John Eyre
Edward John Eyre (5 August 1815 – 30 November 1901) was an English land explorer of the Australian continent, colonial administrator, and a controversial Governor of Jamaica.
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Edward L. Youmans
Edward Livingston Youmans (June 3, 1821 in Coeymans, New York – January 18, 1887 in New York City) was an American scientific writer, editor, and lecturer and founder of Popular Science magazine.
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Edward Onslow Ford
Edward Onslow Ford (27 July 1852, in London – 23 December 1901, in London) was an English sculptor.
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Ellen Key
Ellen Karolina Sofia Key (11 December 1849 – 25 April 1926) was a Swedish difference feminist writer on many subjects in the fields of family life, ethics and education and was an important figure in the Modern Breakthrough movement.
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Embedded liberalism
Embedded liberalism is a term for the global economic system and the associated international political orientation as they existed from the end of World War II to the 1970s.
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Emil Torday
Emil Torday (22 June 1875 in Budapest, Hungary – 9 May 1931 in London, England), was a Hungarian anthropologist.
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English historical school of economics
The English historical school of economics, although not nearly as famous as its German counterpart, sought a return of inductive methods in economics, following the triumph of the deductive approach of David Ricardo in the early 19th century.
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Ernest Belfort Bax
Ernest Belfort Bax (23 July 1854 – 26 November 1926) was an English barrister, journalist, philosopher, men's rights advocate, socialist, and historian.
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Ernest Benn
Sir Ernest John Pickstone Benn, 2nd Baronet, (25 June 1875 – 17 January 1954) was a British publisher, writer and political publicist.
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Ernesto Bozzano
Ernesto Bozzano (January 9, 1862 - June 24, 1943), also known as Signor Bozzano was an Italian parapsychologist and spiritualist.
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Essay on a Course of Liberal Education for Civil and Active Life
Essay on a Course of Liberal Education for Civil and Active Life (1765) is an educational treatise by the 18th-century British polymath Joseph Priestley.
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Euhemerism
Euhemerism is an approach to the interpretation of mythology in which mythological accounts are presumed to have originated from real historical events or personages.
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Evolution as fact and theory
Many scientists and philosophers of science have described evolution as fact and theory, a phrase which was used as the title of an article by paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould in 1981.
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Evolution of biological complexity
The evolution of biological complexity is one important outcome of the process of evolution.
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Evolutionary ethics
Evolutionary ethics is a field of inquiry that explores how evolutionary theory might bear on our understanding of ethics or morality.
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Evolutionism
Evolutionism describes the belief in the evolution of organisms.
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Exeter Bridge
Exeter Bridge is a Traffic Single Span Concrete Arch Bridge in the centre of Derby spanning the River Derwent 200 metres south of the more modern Cathedral Green Footbridge.
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Exploitation of labour
Exploitation of labour is the act of treating one's workers unfairly for one's own benefit.
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Ștefan Petică
Ștefan Petică (January 20, 1877–October 17, 1904) was a Romanian Symbolist poet, prose writer, playwright, journalist and socialist activist.
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Farah Antun
Farah Antun (Arabic: فرح انطون), also spelled Farah Antoun (1874–1922), was among the first Syrian Christians to openly argue for secularism and equality regardless of religious affiliation, although he also, uncommonly for his background, argued against Arab nationalism.
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Fitness (biology)
Fitness (often denoted w or ω in population genetics models) is the quantitative representation of natural and sexual selection within evolutionary biology.
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For a New Liberty
For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto (1973; second edition 1978; third edition 1985) is a book by American economist and historian Murray Rothbard, in which the author promotes anarcho-capitalism.
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Francisco do Monte Alverne
Francisco do Monte Alverne (August 9, 1784 – December 2, 1858) was a Brazilian Franciscan friar, and the official preacher of the Empire of Brazil.
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Frank Norris
Benjamin Franklin "Frank" Norris Jr. (March 5, 1870 – October 25, 1902) was an American journalist and sometimes a novelist during the Progressive Era, whose fiction was predominantly in the naturalist genre.
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Frank P. O'Hare
Francis Peter O'Hare, best known as Frank P. O'Hare (1877-1960), was an American socialist political activist, journalist, and newspaper editor.
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Franz Boas
Franz Uri Boas (July 9, 1858December 21, 1942) was a German-American anthropologist and a pioneer of modern anthropology who has been called the "Father of American Anthropology".
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Frederick Howard Collins (indexer)
Frederick Howard Collins (1857-1910) was a British indexer and writer.
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Frederick Jackson Turner
Frederick Jackson Turner (November 14, 1861 – March 14, 1932) was an American historian in the early 20th century, based at the University of Wisconsin until 1910, and then at Harvard.
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Free love
Free love is a social movement that accepts all forms of love.
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French philosophy
French philosophy, here taken to mean philosophy in the French language, has been extremely diverse and has influenced Western philosophy as a whole for centuries, from the medieval scholasticism of Peter Abelard, through the founding of modern philosophy by René Descartes, to 20th century philosophy of science, existentialism, phenomenology, structuralism, and postmodernism.
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Friedrich von Wieser
Friedrich Freiherr von Wieser (10 July 1851 – 22 July 1926) was an early (so-called "first generation") economist of the Austrian School of economics.
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Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy
The Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy was a major schism that originated in the 1920s and '30s within the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America.
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G factor (psychometrics)
The g factor (also known as general intelligence, general mental ability or general intelligence factor) is a construct developed in psychometric investigations of cognitive abilities and human intelligence.
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Gabriel Compayré
Gabriel Compayré was a French scholar of pedagogy and politician.
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Gardner Murphy
Gardner Murphy (July 8, 1895 – March 18, 1979) was an American psychologist specialising in social and personality psychology and parapsychology.
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Gentlemen Marry Brunettes
Gentlemen Marry Brunettes is a 1955 technicolor romantic musical comedy film produced by Russ-Field productions, starring Jane Russell and Jeanne Crain, and released by United Artists.
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Geolibertarianism
Geolibertarianism is a political and economic ideology that integrates libertarianism with Georgism (alternatively geoism or geonomics).
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George Bentham
George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century".
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George Bernard Shaw: His Plays
George Bernard Shaw: His Plays (1905) is H. L. Mencken's interpretation of G. Bernard Shaw's plays, in which Mencken overwhelmingly embraced the man who was, at that time, his favourite playwright.
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George Chatterton-Hill
George Chatterton-Hill (1883–1947) was the Irish writer of several books on evolution and sociology.
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George Eliot
Mary Anne Evans (22 November 1819 – 22 December 1880; alternatively "Mary Ann" or "Marian"), known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist, poet, journalist, translator, and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era.
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George H. Smith
George Hamilton Smith (born February 10, 1949, Japan) is an American author, editor, educator and speaker, known for his writings on atheism and libertarianism.
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George Sutherland
George Alexander Sutherland (March 25, 1862 – July 18, 1942) was an English-born U.S. jurist and politician.
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George W. Woodbey
George Washington Woodbey (October 5, 1854 – August 27, 1937) was an influential African-American minister, author and Socialist.
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Georges Vacher de Lapouge
Count Georges Vacher de Lapouge (12 December 1854, in Neuville-de-Poitou – 20 February 1936, in Poitiers) was a French anthropologist and a theoretician of eugenics and racialism.
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Getting It Wrong from the Beginning
Getting it Wrong from the Beginning: Our Progressivist Inheritance from Herbert Spencer, John Dewey, and Jean Piaget is a 2002 book by Kieran Egan criticizing the traditional progressivist foundations of modern education in the Western World.
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Gilded Age
The Gilded Age in United States history is the late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900.
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Giovanni Papini
Giovanni Papini (January 9, 1881 – July 8, 1956) was an Italian journalist, essayist, literary critic, poet, and novelist.
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Global brain
The global brain is a neuroscience-inspired and futurological vision of the planetary information and communications technology network that interconnects all humans and their technological artifacts.
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Glossary of anarchism
The following is a list of terms specific to anarchists.
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Goldwin Smith
Goldwin Smith (13 August 1823 – 7 June 1910) was a British historian and journalist, active in the United Kingdom and Canada.
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Grant Allen
Charles Grant Blairfindie Allen (February 24, 1848October 25, 1899) was a Canadian science writer and novelist, and a public promoter of Evolution in the second half of the 19th century.
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Great man theory
The great man theory is a 19th-century idea according to which history can be largely explained by the impact of great men, or heroes; highly influential individuals who, due to either their personal charisma, intelligence, wisdom, or political skill used their power in a way that had a decisive historical impact.
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Green Acre Bahá'í School
Green Acre Bahá'í School is one of three leading institutions owned by the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States.
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Grigore T. Popa
Grigore T. Popa (sometimes Anglicized to Gregor T. Popa; May 1, 1892 – July 18, 1948) was a Romanian physician and public intellectual.
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Gustave Le Bon
Charles-Marie Gustave Le Bon (7 May 1841 – 13 December 1931) was a French polymath whose areas of interest included anthropology, psychology, sociology, medicine, invention, and physics.
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H. B. Acton
Harry Burrows Acton (2 June 1908 – 16 June 1974), usually cited as H. B. Acton, was an English academic in the field of political philosophy, known for books defending the morality of capitalism, and attacking Marxism-Leninism.
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H. L. Mencken
Henry Louis Mencken (September 12, 1880 – January 29, 1956) was an American journalist, satirist, cultural critic and scholar of American English.
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H. M. Posnett
Hutcheson Macaulay Posnett (c. 1855 – 1927) was an Irish-New Zealand lawyer and scholar who was a pioneer in the field of comparative literature.
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Hari Narayan Apte
. Hari Narayan Apte (Devanagari: हरि नारायण आपटे) (8 March 1864 – 3 March 1919) was a Marathi writer from Maharashtra, India.
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Hectocotylus
A hectocotylus (plural: hectocotyli) is one of the arms of male cephalopods that is specialized to store and transfer spermatophores to the female.
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Hector C. Macpherson
Hector Carsewell Macpherson (16 October 1851 – 17 October 1924) was a prolific Scottish writer and journalist who published books, pamphlets and articles on history, biography, politics, religion, and other subjects.
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Henri Bergson
Henri-Louis Bergson (18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a French-Jewish philosopher who was influential in the tradition of continental philosophy, especially during the first half of the 20th century until World War II.
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Henry Hazlitt
Henry Stuart Hazlitt (November 28, 1894July 9, 1993) was an American journalist who wrote about business and economics for such publications as The Wall Street Journal, The Nation, The American Mercury, Newsweek, and The New York Times.
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Henry Laurie
Henry Laurie (1837/1838?–14 May 1922) was an Australian philosopher, a journalist, and the first professor of philosophy at the University of Melbourne.
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Henry Lucy
Sir Henry William Lucy JP, (5 December 1842– 20 February 1924) was one of the most famous English political journalists of the Victorian era.
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Henry Thomas Buckle
Henry Thomas Buckle (24 November 1821 – 29 May 1862) was an English historian, the author of an unfinished History of Civilization, and a strong amateur chess player.
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Henry Walter Bates
Henry Walter Bates (8 February 1825 in Leicester – 16 February 1892 in London) was an English naturalist and explorer who gave the first scientific account of mimicry in animals.
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Henry Ward Beecher
Henry Ward Beecher (June 24, 1813 – March 8, 1887) was an American Congregationalist clergyman, social reformer, and speaker, known for his support of the abolition of slavery, his emphasis on God's love, and his 1875 adultery trial.
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Herbert (given name)
Herbert is a Germanic given name, from harja- "army" and beraht "bright".
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Herbert Ratner
Herbert Spencer Ratner (also Herbert Albert Ratner) (May 23, 1907 – December 6, 1997), an American physician, taught and wrote on the philosophy and history of medicine and was a popular lecturer on marriage and the family.
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Herbert Spencer (disambiguation)
Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) was an English philosopher, biologist and sociologist.
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Herman George Scheffauer
Herman George Scheffauer (born February 3, 1876, San Francisco, California – died October 7, 1927, Berlin) was a German-American poet, architect, writer, dramatist, journalist, and translator.
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Hero
A hero (masculine) or heroine (feminine) is a real person or a main character of a literary work who, in the face of danger, combats adversity through feats of ingenuity, bravery or strength; the original hero type of classical epics did such things for the sake of glory and honor.
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Highgate Cemetery
Highgate Cemetery is a place of burial in north London, England.
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Hinde Street
Hinde Street is a street in the Marylebone district of the City of Westminster, London, that contains the Hinde Street Methodist Church and was home to the novelist Rose Macaulay until her death.
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Historic conservatism in New Zealand
Conservatism in New Zealand is related to its counterparts in other Western nations, but developed uniquely over time.
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Historic recurrence
Historic recurrence is the repetition of similar events in history.
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Historical figure
A historical figure is a famous person in history, such as Catherine the Great, Abraham Lincoln, Washington, or Napoleon.
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Historical school of economics
The historical school of economics was an approach to academic economics and to public administration that emerged in the 19th century in Germany, and held sway there until well into the 20th century.
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Historicism
Historicism is the idea of attributing meaningful significance to space and time, such as historical period, geographical place, and local culture.
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History of aesthetics before the 20th century
This description of the history of aesthetics before the twentieth century is based on an article from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition.
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History of anthropology
History of anthropology in this article refers primarily to the 18th- and 19th-century precursors of modern anthropology.
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History of archaeology
Archaeology is the study of human activity in the past, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts (also known as eco-facts) and cultural landscapes (the archaeological record).
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History of creationism
The history of creationism relates to the history of thought based on the premise that the natural universe had a beginning, and came into being supernaturally.
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History of ecology
Ecology is a new science and considered as an important branch of biological science, having only become prominent during the second half of the 20th century.
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History of ideas
The history of ideas is a field of research in history that deals with the expression, preservation, and change of human ideas over time.
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History of liberalism
Liberalism, the belief in freedom and human rights, is historically associated with thinkers such as John Locke and Montesquieu.
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History of modernisation theory
This article delineates the history of modernisation theory.
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History of philosophy in Poland
The history of philosophy in Poland parallels the evolution of philosophy in Europe in general.
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History of religion
The history of religion refers to the written record of human religious experiences and ideas.
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History of sociology
Sociology as a scholarly discipline emerged primarily out of enlightenment thought, shortly after the French Revolution, as a positivist science of society.
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History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1928–38)
The History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt (1928–1938) discusses the History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt from the Brotherhood's inception to its development into a viable political force.
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History of Unitarianism
Unitarianism, as a Christian denominational family of churches, was first defined in Poland-Lithuania and Transylvania in the late 16th century.
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Home education in the United Kingdom
Home education in the UK is often termed "elective home education" (EHE) to signify the independent nature of practice from state provisions such as education for children with ill-health provided by the local authority in the family home.
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Household deity
A household deity is a deity or spirit that protects the home, looking after the entire household or certain key members.
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Hugh Blair
Hugh Blair FRSE (7 April 1718 – 27 December 1800) was a Scottish minister of religion, author and rhetorician, considered one of the first great theorists of written discourse.
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Human ecology
Human ecology is an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary study of the relationship between humans and their natural, social, and built environments.
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Humor in Freud
Sigmund Freud noticed that humor, like dreams, can be related to unconscious content.
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Humpty Jackson
Thomas "Humpty" Jackson (1879-1951) was a New York criminal and last of the independent gang leaders in New York's underworld during the early 20th century.
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Hylozoism
Hylozoism is the philosophical point of view that matter is in some sense alive.
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I. F. Stone
Isidor Feinstein Stone (December 24, 1907 – June 18, 1989), better known as I. F. Stone, was a politically radical American investigative journalist and writer.
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Idea of progress
In intellectual history, the Idea of Progress is the idea that advances in technology, science, and social organization can produce an improvement in the human condition.
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Indeterminism
Indeterminism is the idea that events (certain events, or events of certain types) are not caused, or not caused deterministically.
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Index of modern philosophy articles
This is a list of articles in modern philosophy.
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Index of philosophy articles (D–H)
No description.
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Index of philosophy of science articles
An index list of articles about the philosophy of science.
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Index of sociopolitical thinkers
The following is an index of sociopolitical thinkers listed by the first name.
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India House
India House was a student residence that existed between 1905 and 1910 at Cromwell Avenue in Highgate, North London.
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Indigenismo in Mexico
Indigenismo is a Latin American nationalist political ideology that began in the late nineteenth century and persisted throughout the twentieth that attempted to construct the role of indigenous populations in the nation-state.
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Individualism
Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual.
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Individualist anarchism
Individualist anarchism refers to several traditions of thought within the anarchist movement that emphasize the individual and their will over external determinants such as groups, society, traditions and ideological systems.
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Individualist anarchism in the United States
Individualist anarchism in the United States was strongly influenced by Josiah Warren, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Lysander Spooner, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Max Stirner, Herbert Spencer and Henry David Thoreau.
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Inductivism
Inductivism is the traditional model of scientific method attributed to Francis Bacon, who in 1620 vowed to subvert allegedly traditional thinking.
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Introduction to evolution
Evolution is the process of change in all forms of life over generations, and evolutionary biology is the study of how evolution occurs.
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Irreducible complexity
Irreducible complexity (IC) is the idea that certain biological systems cannot evolve by successive small modifications to pre-existing functional systems through natural selection.
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Isaak Benrubi
Isaak Benrubi (24 May 1876 in Thessaloniki – 1943 in Geneva) was a philosopher of Jewish extraction from the Ottoman city of Thessaloniki, he opposed the conventional character of the act of knowing in "subject" and "object" to the reality that is interested in both subject and object: "I can't exist without the universe, neither can the universe exist without me". He decided to attend the CIC's meeting in Geneva only after learning that both Einstein and Bergson would also be attending.
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J. W. Burrow
John Wyon Burrow (4 June 1935 in Southsea – 3 November 2009 in Witney, Oxfordshire) was an English historian of intellectual history.
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Jack London
John Griffith "Jack" London (born John Griffith Chaney; January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916) was an American novelist, journalist, and social activist.
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Jamaica Committee
The Jamaica Committee was a group set up in Great Britain in 1865, which called for Edward Eyre, Governor of Jamaica, to be tried for his excesses in suppressing the Morant Bay rebellion of 1865.
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James Rodway
James Rodway (February 27, 1848 – November 27, 1926) was an eminent late 19th and early 20th century Guyanese historian, botanist and novelist.
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Jean-Marie Guyau
Jean-Marie Guyau (October 28, 1854 – March 31, 1888) was a French philosopher and poet.
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Jewish skeptics
Jewish skeptics are Jewish individuals (historically, Jewish philosophers) who have held skeptical views on matters of the Jewish religion.
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Joan Bardina Castarà
Joan Doménec Bardina Castarà (Juan Bardina Castará) (1877-1950) was a Spanish-Chilean theorist of education, acknowledged for his innovative approach to pedagogy and for his contribution to renewal of the Catalan schooling system.
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Johan Sørensen
Johan Jean Christian Sørensen (21 November 1830 – 1 October 1918) was a Norwegian businessperson and book publisher who had been at one time Danish consul to Spain.
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John Chapman (engineer)
John Chapman (1801–1854) was an English engineer and writer.
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John Chapman (publisher)
John Chapman (16 June 1821 – 25 November 1894) was an English publisher who acquired the influential radical journal, the Westminster Review.
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John Fiske (philosopher)
John Fiske (March 30, 1842 – July 4, 1901) was an American philosopher and historian.
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John McLure Hamilton
John McLure Hamilton (1853–1936) was an Anglo-American artist.
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John Offer
John Offer, FAcSS is a sociologist and academic.
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John Stuart Mackenzie
John Stuart Mackenzie (1860–1935) was a British philosopher, born near Glasgow, and educated at Glasgow, Cambridge, and Berlin.
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John Tyndall
John Tyndall FRS (2 August 1820 – 4 December 1893) was a prominent 19th-century physicist.
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Jorge Guillermo Borges Haslam
Jorge Guillermo Borges Haslam (24 February 1874 – 14 February 1938) was an Argentine lawyer and writer.
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Jorge Luis Borges
Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo (24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986) was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator, and a key figure in Spanish-language literature.
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José Ingenieros
José Ingenieros (born Giuseppe Ingegnieri, April 24, 1877October 31, 1925) was an Argentine physician, pharmacist, positivist philosopher and essayist.
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Joseph Fletcher (statistician)
Joseph Fletcher (1813–1852) was an English statistical writer.
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Joseph George Rosengarten
Joseph George Rosengarten (July 14, 1835 - January 14, 1921) was a Philadelphia lawyer, historian, and Civil War veteran.
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Joseph Mazzini Wheeler
Joseph Mazzini Wheeler (24 January 1850 - 5 May 1898) was an English atheist and freethought writer.
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Joseph Priestley
Joseph Priestley FRS (– 6 February 1804) was an 18th-century English Separatist theologian, natural philosopher, chemist, innovative grammarian, multi-subject educator, and liberal political theorist who published over 150 works.
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Joseph Priestley and Dissent
Joseph Priestley (13 March 1733 (old style) – 8 February 1804) was a British natural philosopher, political theorist, clergyman, theologian, and educator.
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Joseph Priestley and education
Joseph Priestley (– 8 February 1804) was a British natural philosopher, Dissenting clergyman, political theorist, and theologian.
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Josiah Royce bibliography
The works of American philosopher Josiah Royce (November 20, 1855 – September 14, 1916) include magazine articles, book reviews, other occasional writings, and several books.
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Josiah Warren
Josiah Warren (1798 – April 14, 1874) was an individualist anarchist, inventor, musician, printer, and author in the United States.
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K.3364
K.3364 is an Assyrian tablet (c. 7th century BC) originally considered to be a fragment of the Enûma Eliš, but later proven to not be.
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Kensal Green Cemetery
Kensal Green Cemetery is in Kensal Green in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England.
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Keynesian Revolution
The Keynesian Revolution was a fundamental reworking of economic theory concerning the factors determining employment levels in the overall economy.
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Kieran Egan (educationist)
Kieran Egan (born 1942) is a contemporary educational philosopher and a student of the classics, anthropology, cognitive psychology, and cultural history.
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L. S. Bevington
Louisa Sarah Bevington (born St John's Hill, Battersea, Surrey, now London Borough of Wandsworth, 14 May 1845; died Lechmere Road, Willesden Green, Middlesex, now London Borough of Brent, 28 November 1895) was an English anarchist, essayist and poet.
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Lafcadio Hearn
Patrick Lafcadio Hearn (Πατρίκιος Λευκάδιος Χερν; 27 June 1850 – 26 September 1904), known also by the Japanese name, was a writer, known best for his books about Japan, especially his collections of Japanese legends and ghost stories, such as Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things.
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Laissez-faire
Laissez-faire (from) is an economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation, privileges, tariffs and subsidies.
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Lamarckism
Lamarckism (or Lamarckian inheritance) is the hypothesis that an organism can pass on characteristics that it has acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime to its offspring.
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Land&Liberty
Land&Liberty is a quarterly magazine of popular political economics: its focus is the relationship between land and natural resource rights and 21st century economic policy.
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Latin American culture
Latin American culture is the formal or informal expression of the people of Latin America and includes both high culture (literature and high art) and popular culture (music, folk art, and dance) as well as religion and other customary practices.
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LaVeyan Satanism
LaVeyan Satanism is a religion founded in 1966 by the American occultist and author Anton Szandor LaVey.
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Law of equal liberty
The law of equal liberty (a.k.a. the law of equal freedom), or equal liberty, is the fundamental precept of classical liberalism.
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Leadership
Leadership is both a research area and a practical skill encompassing the ability of an individual or organization to "lead" or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations.
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Learning through play
Learning through play is a term used in education and psychology to describe how a child can learn to make sense of the world around them.
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Left-libertarianism
Left-libertarianism (or left-wing libertarianism) names several related, but distinct approaches to political and social theory which stress both individual freedom and social equality.
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Leslie Bethell
Leslie Michael Bethell"".
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Leslie White
Leslie Alvin White (January 19, 1900, Salida, Colorado – March 31, 1975, Lone Pine, California) was an American anthropologist known for his advocacy of theories of cultural evolution, sociocultural evolution, and especially neoevolutionism, and for his role in creating the department of anthropology at the University of Michigan Ann Arbor.
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Lester Frank Ward
Lester F. Ward (June 18, 1841 – April 18, 1913) was an American botanist, paleontologist, and sociologist.
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Liberal democracy
Liberal democracy is a liberal political ideology and a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of classical liberalism.
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Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty and equality.
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Liberalism in China
Liberalism in China is a development from classical liberalism as it was introduced into China during the Republican period and, later, reintroduced after the end of the Cultural Revolution.
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Liberalism in Mexico
Liberalism in Mexico was part of a broader nineteenth-century political trend affecting Western Europe and the Americas, including the United States, that challenged entrenched power.
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Liberalism in the United Kingdom
This article gives an overview of liberalism in the United Kingdom.
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Liberalism in the United States
Liberalism in the United States is a broad political philosophy centered on what many see as the unalienable rights of the individual.
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Libertarianism in the United Kingdom
Libertarianism in the United Kingdom is a political movement concerned with the pursuit of propertarian libertarian ideals in the United Kingdom.
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Liberty and Property Defence League
The Liberty and Property Defence League (LPDL) was a historic organisation, founded in 1882 by Lord Elcho, for the support of laissez-faire trade.
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Library of Friedrich Nietzsche
The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche owned an extensive private library, which has been preserved after his death.
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List of abolitionists
This is a listing of notable opponents of slavery, often called abolitionists.
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List of agnostics
Listed here are persons who have identified themselves as theologically agnostic.
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List of anthropologists
No description.
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List of atheist philosophers
There have been many philosophers in recorded history who were atheists.
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List of autodidacts
This is a list of notable autodidacts which includes people who have been partially or wholly self-taught.
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List of conservative feminisms
Some variants of feminism are considered more conservative than others.
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List of English people
Listed below are English people of note and some notable individuals born in England.
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List of English writers (R-Z)
List of English writers lists writers in English, born or raised in England (or who lived in England for a lengthy period), who already have Wikipedia pages.
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List of ethicists
List of ethicists including religious or political figures recognized by those outside their tradition as having made major contributions to ideas about ethics, or raised major controversies by taking strong positions on previously unexplored problems.
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List of liberal theorists
Individual contributors to classical liberalism and political liberalism are associated with philosophers of the Enlightenment.
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List of people from Brighton and Hove
This is a list of notable inhabitants of the city of Brighton and Hove in England.
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List of people with surname Spencer
This is a list of people with surname Spencer.
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List of philosophers (R–Z)
Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically.
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List of philosophers born in the 19th century
Philosophers born in the 19th century (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: See also.
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List of philosophy anniversaries
No description.
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List of political philosophers
This is a list of notable political philosophers, including some who may be better known for their work in other areas of philosophy.
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List of social theorists
A list of social theorists includes classical as well as modern thinkers in social theory that were notable for the impact of their published works on the general discipline of sociology.
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List of sociologists
This is a list of sociologists.
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List of utilitarians
This is an incomplete list of advocates of utilitarianism and/or consequentialism.
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List of Vanity Fair (British magazine) caricatures (1875–79)
>> List of ''Vanity Fair'' caricatures (1880-84) The following is from a list of caricatures published 1875-79 by the British magazine Vanity Fair (1868–1914).
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Literary Taste: How to Form It
Literary Taste: How to Form it is a long essay by Arnold Bennett, first published in 1909, with a revised edition by his friend Frank Swinnerton appearing in 1937.
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Lochner v. New York
Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905), was a landmark U.S. labor law case in the US Supreme Court, holding that limits to working time violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
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Logology (science of science)
Logology ("the science of science") is the study of all aspects of science and of its practitioners—aspects philosophical, biological, psychological, societal, historical, political, institutional, financial.
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Ludwig Gumplowicz
Ludwig Gumplowicz (March 9, 1838, Kraków – August 20, 1909, Graz, Austria-Hungary), was one of the founders of European sociology.
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Lurana W. Sheldon
Lurana Waterhouse Sheldon Ferris (pen names, Richard Hackstaff, Stanley Norris, Grace Shirley; April 11, 1862 – June 11, 1945) was an American novelist, poet, lecturer, and editor of two weekly newspapers.
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Magic (supernatural)
Magic is a category in Western culture into which have been placed various beliefs and practices considered separate from both religion and science.
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Maksim Kovalevsky
Maksim Maksimovich Kovalevsky (8 September 1851 – 5 April 1916) was the main authority on sociology in the Russian Empire.
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Manuel Córdova-Rios
Manuel Córdova-Rios (November 22, 1887 – November 22, 1978) was a vegetalista (herbalist) of the upper Amazon, and the subject of several popular books.
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Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong (December 26, 1893September 9, 1976), commonly known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976.
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Markeaton Brook
The Markeaton Brook is an tributary of the River Derwent in Derbyshire, England.
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Martin Eden
Martin Eden is a 1909 novel by American author Jack London about a young proletarian autodidact struggling to become a writer.
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Mexican Youth Athenaeum
The Mexican Youth Athenaeum, later known as the Athenaeum of Mexico, was a Mexican civil association founded on October 28, 1909 with the purpose of working in favor of culture and art, by means of organization public meetings and debates.
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Mihail Dragomirescu
Mihail Dragomirescu (March 22, 1868 – November 25, 1942) was a Romanian aesthetician, literary theorist and critic.
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Miroslav Tyrš
Miroslav Tyrš (17 September 1832 – 8 August 1884) was a Czech art historian, sports organizer and founder of the Sokol movement.
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Modern history
Modern history, the modern period or the modern era, is the linear, global, historiographical approach to the time frame after post-classical history.
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Mold of the Earth
"Mold of the Earth" (Polish: "Pleśń świata") is one of the shortest micro-stories by the Polish writer Bolesław Prus.
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Moral sense theory
Moral sense theory (also known as sentimentalism) is a theory in moral epistemology and meta-ethics concerning the discovery of moral truths.
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Morant Bay rebellion
The Morant Bay rebellion (11 October 1865) began with a protest march to the courthouse by hundreds of peasants led by preacher Paul Bogle in Morant Bay, Jamaica.
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More Letters of Charles Darwin
More Letters of Charles Darwin, a sequel to The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin of 1887, was a book in two volumes, published in 1903, edited by Francis Darwin and A. C. Seward, containing as the title implies, additional publications of 782 letters from the correspondence of Charles Darwin.
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Mount Spencer (California)
Mount Spencer is a peak in the Sierra Nevada, in Kings Canyon National Park and Fresno County, California.
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Multiple discovery
The concept of multiple discovery (also known as simultaneous invention) is the hypothesis that most scientific discoveries and inventions are made independently and more or less simultaneously by multiple scientists and inventors.
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Murray Rothbard
Murray Newton Rothbard (March 2, 1926 – January 7, 1995) was an American heterodox economist of the Austrian School, a historian and a political theorist whose writings and personal influence played a seminal role in the development of modern right-libertarianism.
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Nationalism
Nationalism is a political, social, and economic system characterized by the promotion of the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining sovereignty (self-governance) over the homeland.
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Natura non facit saltus
Natura non facit saltusAlexander Baumgarten, Metaphysics: A Critical Translation with Kant's Elucidations, Translated and Edited by Courtney D. Fugate and John Hymers, Bloomsbury, 2013, "Preface of the Third Edition (1750)",: " must also have in mind Leibniz's "natura non facit saltus " (NE IV, 16)." (Latin for "nature does not make jumps") has been an important principle of natural philosophy.
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Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.
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Neofunctionalism (sociology)
Neofunctionalism is the perspective that all integration is the result of past integration.
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Neural circuit
A neural circuit, is a population of neurons interconnected by synapses to carry out a specific function when activated.
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Nicolas Rashevsky
Nicolas Rashevsky (November 9, 1899 – January 16, 1972) was an American theoretical physicist who was one of the pioneers of mathematical biology, and is also considered the father of mathematical biophysics and theoretical biology.
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Non-aggression principle
The non-aggression principle (or NAP; also called the non-aggression axiom, the anti-coercion, zero aggression principle or non-initiation of force) is an ethical stance that asserts that aggression is inherently wrong.
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Objections to evolution
Objections to evolution have been raised since evolutionary ideas came to prominence in the 19th century.
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Octavius Frothingham
Octavius Brooks Frothingham (November 26, 1822 – November 27, 1895), was an American clergyman and author.
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Olive Schreiner
Olive Schreiner (24 March 1855 – 11 December 1920) was a South African author, anti-war campaigner and intellectual.
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On the Origin of Species
On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life),The book's full original title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.
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Organic work
Organic work (praca organiczna) was a term adopted from Herbert Spencer by the 19th century Polish positivists, denoting an ideology demanding that the vital powers of the nation be spent on labour (i.e. work at the foundations) rather than fruitless national uprisings against the overwhelming military presence of the neighbouring empires.
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Organicism
Organicism is the philosophical perspective which views the universe and its parts as organic wholes and - either by analogy or literally - as living organisms.
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Orthogenesis
Orthogenesis, also known as orthogenetic evolution, progressive evolution, evolutionary progress, or progressionism, is the biological hypothesis that organisms have an innate tendency to evolve in a definite direction towards some goal (teleology) due to some internal mechanism or "driving force".
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Ouida
Ouida (1 January 1839 – 25 January 1908) was the pseudonym of the English novelist Maria Louise Ramé (although she preferred to be known as Marie Louise de la Ramée).
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Our Enemy, the State
Our Enemy, the State is the best-known book by libertarian author Albert Jay Nock, serving as a fundamental influence for the modern libertarian and American conservatism movements.
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Ozjasz Thon
Abraham Ozjasz Thon (also Osias, anglicized spelling; 13 February 1870 in Lviv – 11 November 1936 in Kraków) was a rabbi, early Zionist, and leader of the Jewish community in Poland.
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Panagiotis Kondylis
Panagiotis Kondylis (Παναγιώτης Κονδύλης; Panajotis Kondylis; 17 August 1943 – 11 July 1998) was a Greek philosopher, intellectual historian, translator and publications manager who principally wrote in German, in addition to translating most of his work into Greek.
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Pangenesis
Pangenesis was Charles Darwin's hypothetical mechanism for heredity, in which he proposed that each part of the body continually emitted its own type of small organic particles called gemmules that aggregated in the gonads, contributing heritable information to the gametes.
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Paper clip
A paper clip (or sometimes paperclip) is a device used to hold sheets of paper together, usually made of steel wire bent to a looped shape.
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Patrick Geddes
Sir Patrick Geddes FRSE (2 October 1854 – 17 April 1932) was a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneering town planner.
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Paul Broca
Pierre Paul Broca (28 June 1824 – 9 July 1880) was a French physician, anatomist and anthropologist.
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Paul von Lilienfeld
Paul von Lilienfeld (Павел Фёдорович Лилиенфельд-Тоаль Pavel Fedorovich Lilienfeld-Toal) (Paul de Lilienfeld) (1829–1903) was a statesman and social scientist of imperial Russia.
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Pavel Milyukov
Pavel Nikolayevich Miliukov (p; 31 March 1943) was a Russian historian and liberal politician.
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Percy Molteno
Percy Alport Molteno (12 September 1861 – 19 September 1937) was a Cape Colony-born lawyer, director of companies, politician and philanthropist who served as a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) from 1906 to 1918.
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Perfection
Perfection is, broadly, a state of completeness and flawlessness.
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Peter Kropotkin
Pyotr Alexeevich Kropotkin (Пётр Алексе́евич Кропо́ткин; December 9, 1842 – February 8, 1921) was a Russian activist, revolutionary, scientist and philosopher who advocated anarcho-communism.
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Petre P. Negulescu
Petre Paul Negulescu (October 18, 1870 – September 28, 1951) was a Romanian philosopher and conservative politician, known as a disciple and continuator of Titu Maiorescu.
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Philosophical anarchism
Philosophical anarchism is an anarchist school of thought which holds that the state lacks moral legitimacy while not supporting violence to eliminate it.
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Philosophy of culture
Philosophy of culture is a branch of philosophy that examines the essence and meaning of culture.
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Philosophy of history
Philosophy of history is the philosophical study of history and the past.
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Philosophy of social science
The philosophy of social science is the study of the logic, methods, and foundations of social sciences such as psychology, economics, and political science.
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Pilgrimage (novel sequence)
Pilgrimage is a novel sequence by the British author Dorothy Richardson, from the first half of the 20th century.
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Playground
A playground, playpark, or play area is a place specifically designed to enable children to play there.
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Polish nationalism
Polish nationalism is the nationalism that asserts that Poles are a Polish nation, and promotes the cultural unity of Poles.
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Positivism
Positivism is a philosophical theory stating that certain ("positive") knowledge is based on natural phenomena and their properties and relations.
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Positivism in Poland
Positivism in Poland was a socio-cultural movement that defined progressive thought in literature and social sciences of partitioned Poland, following the suppression of the 1863 January Uprising against the occupying army of Imperial Russia.
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Progress (history)
In historiography, progress (from Latin progressus, "advance", "(a) step onwards") is the study of how specific societies improved over time in terms of science, technology, modernization, liberty, democracy, longevity, quality of life, freedom from pollution and so on.
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Progressivism in the United States
Progressivism in the United States is a broadly based reform movement that reached its height early in the 20th century and is generally considered to be middle class and reformist in nature.
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Psychological egoism
Psychological egoism is the view that humans are always motivated by self-interest, even in what seem to be acts of altruism.
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Publication of Darwin's theory
The publication of Darwin's theory brought into the open Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection, the culmination of more than twenty years of work.
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Qasim Amin
Qasim Amin (Egyptian Arabic: قاسم أمين; 1) (December 1865, in AlexandriaPolitical and diplomatic history of the Arab world, 1900-1967, Menahem Mansoor – April 22, 1908 in Cairo) was an Egyptian jurist, Islamic Modernist and one of the founders of the Egyptian national movement and Cairo University.
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Racism
Racism is the belief in the superiority of one race over another, which often results in discrimination and prejudice towards people based on their race or ethnicity.
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Racism: A History
Racism: A History is a three-part British documentary series originally broadcast on BBC Four in March 2007.
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Raicu Ionescu-Rion
Raicu Ionescu-Rion (born Raicu Ionescu; August 24, 1872 – April 19, 1895) was a Romanian literary critic and socialist commentator.
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Reactions to On the Origin of Species
The immediate reactions to On the Origin of Species, the book in which Charles Darwin described evolution by natural selection, included international debate, though the heat of controversy was less than that over earlier works such as Vestiges of Creation.
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Recapitulation theory
The theory of recapitulation, also called the biogenetic law or embryological parallelism—often expressed using Ernst Haeckel's phrase "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"—is a historical hypothesis that the development of the embryo of an animal, from fertilization to gestation or hatching (ontogeny), goes through stages resembling or representing successive stages in the evolution of the animal's remote ancestors (phylogeny).
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Reformist Left
The Reformist Left is a political term coined by Richard Rorty in his 1998 book Achieving Our Country, in reference to the mainstream Left in the United States (though the term may be applied elsewhere) in the first two thirds of the 20th century: I propose to use the term reformist Left to cover all those Americans who, between 1900 and 1964, struggled within the framework of constitutional democracy to protect the weak from the strong.
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Renzo Novatore
Abele Rizieri Ferrari (May 12, 1890 – November 29, 1922), better known by the pen name Renzo Novatore, was an Italian individualist anarchist, illegalist and anti-fascist poet, philosopher and militant, now mostly known for his posthumously published book Toward the Creative Nothing (Verso il nulla creatore) and associated with ultra-modernist trends of futurism.
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Richard Meinertzhagen
Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen, CBE, DSO (3 March 1878 – 17 June 1967) was a British soldier, intelligence officer and ornithologist.
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Richard T. Ely
Richard Theodore Ely (April 13, 1854 – October 4, 1943) was an American economist, author, and leader of the Progressive movement who called for more government intervention in order to reform what they perceived as the injustices of capitalism, especially regarding factory conditions, compulsory education, child labor, and labor unions.
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Robert Dunnell
Robert Chester Dunnell (December 4, 1942 – December 13, 2010) was an archaeologist known for his contribution in archaeological systematics, measurement and explanation of the archaeological record, evolutionary archaeology, and the archaeology of eastern North America.
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Robert Evans Snodgrass
Robert Evans Snodgrass (R.E. Snodgrass) (July 5, 1875 – September 4, 1962) was an American entomologist and artist who made important contributions to the fields of arthropod morphology, anatomy, evolution, and metamorphosis.
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Robert Page Arnot
Robert "Robin" Page Arnot (15 December 1890 – 18 May 1986), best known as R. Page Arnot, was a British Communist journalist and politician.
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Romanian philosophy
Romanian philosophy is a name covering either a) the philosophy done in Romania or by Romanians, or b) an ethnic philosophy, which expresses at a high level the fundamental features of the Romanian spirituality, or which elevates to a philosophical level the Weltanschauung of the Romanian people, as deposited in language and folklore, traditions, architecture and other linguistic and cultural artifacts.
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Rosaline Masson
Rosaline Masson (1867–1947) was a prolific writer of novels, biographies, histories and other works.
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Russian Psychological Society
The Russian Psychological Society (RPS; Российское Психологическое Общество) is the official professional association of Russian psychologists.
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Samson Benderly
Samson Benderly (1876–1944) was a major figure in promoting Jewish education in the United States.
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Samuel Mackenzie Elliott
Samuel Mackenzie Elliott (1811–1875) was a Scottish-American Medical Doctor, pioneer of American ophthalmology, abolitionist leader, and a Union soldier who served as Lieutenant Colonel of the 79th New York Volunteer Infantry.
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Scientology
Scientology is a body of religious beliefs and practices launched in May 1952 by American author L. Ron Hubbard (1911–86).
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Second Unitarian Church (Brooklyn)
The Second Unitarian Church in Brooklyn was a historic church in Cobble Hill, Brooklyn, New York City, built in 1857-58 and demolished in 1962.
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Senate House, London
Senate House is the administrative centre of the University of London, situated in the heart of Bloomsbury, London, between the SOAS, University of London to the north, and the British Museum to the south.
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Sensualism
Sensualism is the persistent or excessive pursuit of sensual pleasures and interests.
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Sergei Nikolaevich Trubetskoy
Prince Sergei Nikolaevich Trubetskoy (1862–1905) was a Russian religious philosopher.
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Sex differences in intelligence
Differences in intelligence have long been a topic of debate among researchers and scholars.
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Shyamji Krishna Varma
Shyamji Krishna Varma (4 October, 1857 – 30 March, 1930) was an Indian revolutionary fighter, an Indian patriot, lawyer and journalist who founded the Indian Home Rule Society, India House and The Indian Sociologist in London.
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Sidney Hillman
Sidney Hillman (March 23, 1887 – July 10, 1946) was an American labor leader. He was the head of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America and was a key figure in the founding of the Congress of Industrial Organizations and in marshaling labor's support for Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the Democratic Party.
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Sino-Babylonianism
Sino-Babylonianism is a scholarly theory that in the third millennium B.C.E. the Babylonian region provided the essential elements of material civilization and language to what is now China.
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Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet
Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet FRSE DD FSAS (8 March 1788 – 6 May 1856) was a Scottish metaphysician.
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Social Darwinism
The term Social Darwinism is used to refer to various ways of thinking and theories that emerged in the second half of the 19th century and tried to apply the evolutionary concept of natural selection to human society.
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Social effects of evolutionary theory
The social effects of evolutionary thought have been considerable.
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Social Evolution
Social Evolution is the title of an essay by Benjamin Kidd, which became available as a book published by Macmillan and co London in 1894.
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Social liberalism
Social liberalism (also known as modern liberalism or egalitarian liberalism) is a political ideology and a variety of liberalism that endorses a market economy and the expansion of civil and political rights while also believing that the legitimate role of the government includes addressing economic and social issues such as poverty, health care and education.
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Social organism
In sociology, the social organism is an ideological concept in which a society or social structure is viewed as a "living organism".
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Social philosophy
Social philosophy is the study of questions about social behavior and interpretations of society and social institutions in terms of ethical values rather than empirical relations.
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Social progress
Social progress is the idea that societies can or do improve in terms of their social, political, and economic structures.
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Social reality
Social reality is distinct from biological reality or individual cognitive reality, representing as it does a phenomenological level created through social interaction and thereby transcending individual motives and actions.
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Social science
Social science is a major category of academic disciplines, concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society.
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Social Statics
Social Statics, or The Conditions essential to Happiness specified, and the First of them Developed is an 1851 book by the British polymath Herbert Spencer.
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Social structure
In the social sciences, social structure is the patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant of the actions of the individuals.
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Social theory
Social theories are analytical frameworks, or paradigms, that are used to study and interpret social phenomena.
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Society for Mathematical Biology
The Society for Mathematical Biology (SMB) is an international association co-founded in 1972 in USA by Drs.
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Sociocultural evolution
Sociocultural evolution, sociocultural evolutionism or cultural evolution are theories of cultural and social evolution that describe how cultures and societies change over time.
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Sociological theory
Sociological theories are statements of how and why particular facts about the social world are related.
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Sociology
Sociology is the scientific study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture.
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Sofia Kovalevskaya
Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya (Со́фья Васи́льевна Ковале́вская), born Sofia Vasilyevna Korvin-Krukovskaya (– 10 February 1891), was a Russian mathematician who made noteworthy contributions to analysis, partial differential equations and mechanics.
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Sofia Nădejde
Sofia Nădejde (born Sofia Băncilă; September 14, 1856 – June 11, 1946) was a Romanian novelist, playwright, translator, journalist, women's rights activist and socialist.
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Spencer (surname)
Spencer (also Spence, Spender, Spens, and Spenser) is a surname, representing the court title dispenser, or steward.
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Spencerian
Spencerian refers to.
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Spilling salt
A European superstition holds that spilling salt is an evil omen.
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Structural functionalism
Structural functionalism, or simply functionalism, is "a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability".
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Structural pluralism
Structural pluralism is "the potential for political competition in communities".
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Sunday Lecture Society
The Sunday Lecture Society was founded by T.H. Huxley and others.
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Superorganism
A superorganism or supraorganism (the latter is less frequently used but more etymologically correct) is a group of synergetically interacting organisms of the same species.
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Survival of the fittest
"Survival of the fittest" is a phrase that originated from Darwinian evolutionary theory as a way of describing the mechanism of natural selection.
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Svetozar Marković
Svetozar Marković (Светозар Марковић,; 9 September 1846 – 26 February 1875) was an influential Serbian political activist, literary critic and philosopher.
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Swami Vivekananda
Swami Vivekananda (12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), born Narendranath Datta, was an Indian Hindu monk, a chief disciple of the 19th-century Indian mystic Ramakrishna.
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Systems theory
Systems theory is the interdisciplinary study of systems.
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T. Madhava Rao
Raja Sir Tanjore Madhava Rao, KCSI (c. 1828 – d. 4 April 1891), also known as Sir Madhava Rao Thanjavurkar or simply as Madhavarao Tanjavarkar, was an Indian civil servant, administrator and politician who served as the Diwan of Travancore from 1857 to 1872, Indore from 1873 to 1875 and Baroda from 1875 to 1882.
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Talcott Parsons
Talcott Parsons (December 13, 1902 – May 8, 1979) was an American sociologist of the classical tradition, best known for his social action theory and structural functionalism.
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Telegony (pregnancy)
Telegony is a theory in heredity, holding that offspring can inherit the characteristics of a previous mate of the female parent; thus the child of a widowed or remarried woman might partake of traits of a previous husband.
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Théodule-Armand Ribot
Théodule-Armand Ribot (18 December 1839 – 9 December 1916), French psychologist, was born at Guingamp, and was educated at the Lycée de St Brieuc.
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The Best of Everything (film)
The Best of Everything is a 1959 American romantic drama film released by 20th Century-Fox, and starring Hope Lange, Diane Baker, Suzy Parker, Stephen Boyd, Louis Jourdan, Robert Evans, and Joan Crawford.
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The Conversion of Aurelian McGoggin
"The Conversion of Aurelian McGoggin" is a short story by Rudyard Kipling.
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The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex is a book by English naturalist Charles Darwin, first published in 1871, which applies evolutionary theory to human evolution, and details his theory of sexual selection, a form of biological adaptation distinct from, yet interconnected with, natural selection.
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The Doctrine of Philosophical Necessity Illustrated
The Doctrine of Philosophical Necessity (1777) is one of the major metaphysical works of 18th-century British polymath Joseph Priestley.
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The eclipse of Darwinism
Julian Huxley used the phrase “the eclipse of Darwinism” to describe the state of affairs prior to what he called the modern synthesis, when evolution was widely accepted in scientific circles but relatively few biologists believed that natural selection was its primary mechanism.
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The Economist
The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.
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The Educated Mind
The Educated Mind: How Cognitive Tools Shape Our Understanding is a 1997 book on educational theory by Kieran Egan.
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The Evolution of Cooperation
The evolution of cooperation can refer to.
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The g Factor: The Science of Mental Ability
The g Factor: The Science of Mental Ability is a 1998 book by psychologist Arthur Jensen.
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The Indian Sociologist
The Indian Sociologist was an Indian nationalist journal in the early 20th century.
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The Kybalion
The Kybalion: Hermetic Philosophy, originally published in 1908 by a person or persons under the pseudonym of "the Three Initiates", is a book claiming to be the essence of the teachings of Hermes Trismegistus.
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The Leader (English newspaper)
The Leader was a radical weekly newspaper, published in London from 1850 to 1860 at a price of 6d.
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The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin
The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin is a book published in 1887 edited by Francis Darwin about his father Charles Darwin.
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The Man Versus the State
The Man Versus the State is a political theory book by Herbert Spencer It was first published in book form in 1884 by Williams and Norgate, London and Edinburgh, from articles previously published in The Contemporary Review.
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The Master Key System
The Master Key System is a personal development book by Charles F. Haanel (1866–1949) that was originally published as a 24-week correspondence course in 1912, and then in book form in 1916.
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The Mentor Philosophers
The Mentor Philosophers was a series of six books each covering a period of philosophical thought, published by the New American Library.
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The Ordeal of Richard Feverel
The Ordeal of Richard Feverel: A History of Father and Son (1859) is the earliest full-length novel by George Meredith; its subject is the inability of systems of education to control human passions.
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The Paranoid Style in American Politics
"The Paranoid Style in American Politics" is an essay by American historian Richard J. Hofstadter, first published in Harper's Magazine in November 1964; it served as the title essay of a book by the author in the same year.
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The Philosophy of Freedom
The Philosophy of Freedom is the fundamental philosophical work of the philosopher and esotericist Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925).
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The Sea-Wolf
The Sea-Wolf is a 1904 psychological adventure novel by American novelist Jack London.
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The Sexes Throughout Nature
The Sexes Throughout Nature is a book written by Antoinette Brown Blackwell, published by G. P. Putnam's Sons in 1875.
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The Story of Philosophy
The Story of Philosophy: The Lives and Opinions of the Greater Philosophers is a 1926 book by Will Durant, in which he profiles several prominent Western philosophers and their ideas, beginning with Socrates and Plato and on through Friedrich Nietzsche.
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The Theory of the Leisure Class
The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions (1899), by Thorstein Veblen, is a treatise on economics and a detailed, social critique of conspicuous consumption, as a function of social class and of consumerism, derived from the social stratification of people and the division of labour, which are the social institutions of the feudal period (9th – 15th centuries) that have continued to the modern era.
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The Westminster Review
The Westminster Review was a quarterly British publication.
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The Zoist
The Zoist: A Journal of Cerebral Physiology & Mesmerism, and Their Applications to Human Welfare, was a British journal, devoted to the promotion of the theories and practices (and the collection and dissemination of reports of the applications) of mesmerism and phrenology, and the enterprise of "connecting and harmonizing practical science with little understood laws governing the mental structure of man".
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Theodore Solomons
Theodore Seixas Solomons (1870–1947) was an explorer and early member of the Sierra Club.
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Theories of humor
There are many theories of humor which attempt to explain what humor is, what social functions it serves, and what would be considered humorous.
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There is no alternative
There is no alternative (shortened as TINA) was a slogan often used by the Conservative British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.
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Thinker's Library
The Thinker's Library was a series of 140 small hardcover books published between 1929 and 1951 for the Rationalist Press Association by Watts & Co., London, a company founded by Charles Albert Watts.
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Thomas Carlyle
Thomas Carlyle (4 December 17955 February 1881) was a Scottish philosopher, satirical writer, essayist, translator, historian, mathematician, and teacher.
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Thomas Hardy
Thomas Hardy (2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928) was an English novelist and poet.
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Thomas Henry Huxley
Thomas Henry Huxley (4 May 1825 – 29 June 1895) was an English biologist specialising in comparative anatomy.
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Thomas Hill Green
Thomas Hill Green (7 April 1836 – 15 March 1882) was an English philosopher, political radical and temperance reformer, and a member of the British idealism movement.
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Thomas Hodgskin
Thomas Hodgskin (born 12 December 1787, Chatham, Kent; d. 21 August 1869, Feltham, Middlesex) was an English socialist writer on political economy, critic of capitalism and defender of free trade and early trade unions.
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Thomas Rawson Birks
Thomas Rawson Birks (28 September 1810 – 19 July 1883) was an English theologian and controversialist, who figured in the debate to try to resolve theology and science.
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Thomas Rowe Edmonds
Thomas Rowe Edmonds (1803–1889) was an English actuary and political economist.
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Thorstein Veblen
Thorstein Bunde Veblen (born Torsten Bunde Veblen; July 30, 1857 – August 3, 1929), a Norwegian-American economist and sociologist, became famous as a witty critic of capitalism.
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Three-age system
The three-age system is the categorization of history into time periods divisible by three; for example, the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age, although it also refers to other tripartite divisions of historic time periods.
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Timeline of libertarian thinkers
This article is a list of major figures in the theory of libertarianism, a philosophy asserting that individuals have a right to be free.
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Timeline of Western philosophers
This is a list of philosophers from the Western tradition of philosophy.
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Traian Demetrescu
Traian Rafael Radu Demetrescu (also known under his pen name Tradem or, occasionally, as Traian Demetrescu-Tradem; December 5, 1866 – April 17, 1896) was a Romanian poet, novelist and literary critic, considered one of the first symbolist authors in local literature.
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Translation
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text.
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Transmutation of species
Transmutation of species and transformism are 19th-century evolutionary ideas for the altering of one species into another that preceded Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection.
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Tutonish
Tutonish (also called Teutonish, Teutonik, Allteutonish, Altutonish, Alteutonik, Nu Teutonish, Niu Teutonish, or Neuteutonish) is a constructed language created by Elias Molee.
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Tychism
Tychism (τύχη "chance") is a thesis proposed by the American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce that holds that absolute chance, or indeterminism, is a real factor operative in the universe.
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Typographica
Typographica was the name of a journal of typography and visual arts founded and edited by Herbert Spencer from 1949 to 1967.
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Tyranny of the majority
Tyranny of the majority (or tyranny of the masses) refers to an inherent weakness of direct democracy and majority rule in which the majority of an electorate can and does place its own interests above, and at the expense of, those in the minority.
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Unilineal evolution
Unilineal evolution (also referred to as classical social evolution) is a 19th-century social theory about the evolution of societies and cultures.
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Unionist Social Reform Committee
The Unionist Social Reform Committee was a group within the British Conservative Party dedicated to help formulating a Conservative policy of social reform between 1911 and 1914.
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Universal Darwinism
Universal Darwinism (also known as generalized Darwinism, universal selection theory, or Darwinian metaphysics) refers to a variety of approaches that extend the theory of Darwinism beyond its original domain of biological evolution on Earth.
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Universal history
A universal history is a work aiming at the presentation of the history of humankind as a whole, coherent unit.
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Victor Yarros
Victor S. Yarros (1865–1956) was an American anarchist, lawyer, and author.
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Viktor Lennstrand
Viktor Emanuel Lennstrand (30 January 1861 - 31 October 1895) was a Swedish Freethought activist and writer.
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Vilfredo Pareto
Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto (born Wilfried Fritz Pareto, 15 July 1848 – 19 August 1923) was an Italian engineer, sociologist, economist, political scientist, and philosopher, now also known for the 80/20 rule, named after him as the Pareto principle.
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Vitthal Ramji Shinde
Mahrshi Vitthal Ramji Shinde (23 April 1873 – 2 January 1944) was one of the most important social and religious reformers in Maharashtra, India.
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Vladimir Dvorniković
Vladimir Dvorniković (28 July 1888 – 1956) was a Croatian and Yugoslav philosopher, ethno-psychologist, and a strong proponent of a Yugoslav ethnicity.
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Voluntary Socialism
Voluntary Socialism is a work of nonfiction by the American mutualist (1867–1913).
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Voluntaryism
Voluntaryism (. Collins English Dictionary.; sometimes voluntarism) is a philosophy which holds that all forms of human association should be voluntary, a term coined in this usage by Auberon Herbert in the 19th century, and gaining renewed use since the late 20th century, especially among libertarians.
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W. I. Thomas
William Isaac Thomas (August 13, 1863 – December 5, 1947) was an American sociologist.
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Where Adam Stood
Where Adam Stood is a television play by Dennis Potter, first broadcast on BBC 2 in 1976.
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White Fang
White Fang is a novel by American author Jack London (1876–1916) — and the name of the book's eponymous character, a wild wolfdog.
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Wilhelm Dilthey
Wilhelm Dilthey (19 November 1833 – 1 October 1911) was a German historian, psychologist, sociologist, and hermeneutic philosopher, who held G. W. F. Hegel's Chair in Philosophy at the University of Berlin.
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William Ewart Gladstone
William Ewart Gladstone, (29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898) was a British statesman of the Liberal Party.
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William George Spencer
(William) George Spencer (1790–1866) was an English schoolmaster and tutor, known as a mathematical writer.
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William Graham Sumner
William Graham Sumner (October 30, 1840 – April 12, 1910) was a classical liberal American social scientist.
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William Henry Appleton
William Henry Appleton (January 27, 1814 – October 19, 1899) was an American publisher, eldest son and successor of Daniel Appleton.
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William Holman
William Arthur Holman (4 August 1871 – 5 June 1934) was the second Australian Labor Party Premier of New South Wales, Australia.
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William Hurrell Mallock
William Hurrell Mallock (7 February 1849 – 2 April 1923) was an English novelist and economics writer.
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William Kingdon Clifford
William Kingdon Clifford FRS (4 May 1845 – 3 March 1879) was an English mathematician and philosopher.
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William Moorsom
; Captain William Scarth Moorsom (1804–1863) was an English soldier and engineer.
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William Winwood Reade
William Winwood Reade (26 December 1838 – 24 April 1875) was a British historian, explorer, and philosopher.
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Williams and Norgate
Williams and Norgate were publishers and book importers in London and Edinburgh.
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Women in philosophy
Women have engaged in philosophy throughout the field's history.
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X Club
The X Club was a dining club of nine men who supported the theories of natural selection and academic liberalism in late 19th-century England.
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Yale University
Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut.
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Yan Fu
Yan Fu (IPA:; courtesy name: Ji Dao, 幾道; 8 January 1854 — 27 October 1921) was a Chinese scholar and translator, most famous for introducing western ideas, including Darwin's "natural selection", to China in the late 19th century.
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Yone Noguchi
, was an influential Japanese writer of poetry, fiction, essays, and literary criticism in both English and Japanese.
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Yugoslav philosophy
Yugoslav philosophy parallels the evolution of philosophy in Europe, like all European countries claim in general.
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Zeitgeist
The Zeitgeist is a concept from 18th to 19th-century German philosophy, translated as "spirit of the age" or "spirit of the times".
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1820
No description.
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1820 in the United Kingdom
Events from the year 1820 in the United Kingdom.
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1820s in sociology
The following events related to sociology occurred in the 1820s.
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1850s in sociology
The following events related to sociology occurred in the 1850s.
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1860s in sociology
The following events related to sociology occurred in the 1860s.
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1862 in the United Kingdom
Events from the year 1862 in the United Kingdom.
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1870s in sociology
The following events related to sociology occurred in the 1870s.
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1903
No description.
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1903 in philosophy
1903 in philosophy.
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1903 in the United Kingdom
Events from the year 1903 in the United Kingdom.
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19th century
The 19th century was a century that began on January 1, 1801, and ended on December 31, 1900.
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Redirects here:
Physiological unit, Synthetic philosophy.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer
