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643 relations: Abiogenesis, Acenaphthylene, Acetoin, Acetonitrile, Acetophenone, Adamantane, Adams' catalyst, Adelle Davis, Adipic acid, Adiponitrile, Aircraft of the Battle of Britain, Aldehyde, Aldol condensation, Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne, Alkynylation, Allyl alcohol, Alniditan, Alpha-Linolenic acid, Alternative energy, Alternative fuel, Ambroxide, Amide reduction, Amine, Amino acid, Aminomethyl propanol, Ammonia production, Amorphous silicon, Amphetamine, Androstanolone, Aniline, Anthraquinone process, Arachidic acid, Aromat, Aromatic hydrocarbon, Astrobiology, Astrochemistry, Asymmetric induction, Atevirdine, Automotive oil recycling, Azienda Nazionale Idrogenazione Combustibili, Baby Ruth, Balconi, Barium sulfate, Barrelene, Base (chemistry), Base oil, Bayway Refinery, Bechamp reduction, ..., Benkeser reaction, Benzaldehyde, Benzalkonium chloride, Benzene, Benzyl group, Bergius process, Bergmann azlactone peptide synthesis, Bergmann degradation, Bifunctional catalyst, Billingham 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Abiogenesis
Abiogenesis, or informally the origin of life,Compare: Also occasionally called biopoiesis.
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Acenaphthylene
Acenaphthylene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
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Acetoin
Acetoin, also known as 3-hydroxybutanone or acetyl methyl carbinol, with the molecular formula is C4H8O2, is a colorless or pale yellow to green yellow liquid with a pleasant, buttery odor.
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Acetonitrile
Acetonitrile is the chemical compound with the formula.
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Acetophenone
Acetophenone is the organic compound with the formula C6H5C(O)CH3 (also represented by the pseudoelement symbols PhAc or BzMe).
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Adamantane
Adamantane is a colorless, crystalline chemical compound with a camphor-like odor.
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Adams' catalyst
Adams' catalyst, also known as platinum dioxide, is usually represented as platinum(IV) oxide hydrate, PtO2•H2O.
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Adelle Davis
Adelle Davis (25 February 1904 – 31 May 1974), was an American author and nutritionist, considered "the most famous nutritionist in the early to mid-20th century." She was as an advocate for improved health through better nutrition.
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Adipic acid
Adipic acid or hexanedioic acid is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)4(COOH)2.
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Adiponitrile
Adiponitrile is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)4(CN)2.
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Aircraft of the Battle of Britain
The Battle of Britain (German: Luftschlacht um England) was an effort by the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) during the summer and autumn of 1940 to gain air superiority over the Royal Air Force (RAF) of the United Kingdom in preparation for the planned amphibious and airborne forces invasion of Britain by Operation Sea Lion.
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Aldehyde
An aldehyde or alkanal is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure −CHO, consisting of a carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain.
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Aldol condensation
An aldol condensation is a condensation reaction in organic chemistry in which an enol or an enolate ion reacts with a carbonyl compound to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone (an aldol reaction), followed by dehydration to give a conjugated enone.
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Alkane
In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon.
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Alkene
In organic chemistry, an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon–carbon double bond.
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Alkyne
In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond.
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Alkynylation
Alkynylation is an addition reaction in organic synthesis where a terminal alkyne adds to a carbonyl group to form an α-alkynyl alcohol.
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Allyl alcohol
Allyl alcohol (IUPAC name: prop-2-en-1-ol) is an organic compound with the structural formula CH2.
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Alniditan
Alniditan is a 5-HT1D receptor agonist with migraine-preventative effects.
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Alpha-Linolenic acid
α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is an n−3 fatty acid.
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Alternative energy
Alternative energy is any energy source that is an alternative to fossil fuel.
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Alternative fuel
Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional and advanced fuels, are any materials or substances that can be used as fuels, other than conventional fuels like; fossil fuels (petroleum (oil), coal, and natural gas), as well as nuclear materials such as uranium and thorium, as well as artificial radioisotope fuels that are made in nuclear reactors.
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Ambroxide
Ambroxide, widely known by the brand name Ambroxan, is a naturally occurring terpenoid and one of the key constituents responsible for the odor of ambergris.
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Amide reduction
Amide reduction is a reaction in organic synthesis where an amide is reduced to either an amine or an aldehyde functional group.
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Amine
In organic chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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Aminomethyl propanol
Aminomethyl propanol is an organic compound with the formula H2NC(CH3)2CH2OH.
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Ammonia production
Ammonia is one of the most highly produced inorganic chemicals.
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Amorphous silicon
Amorphous silicon (a-Si) is the non-crystalline form of silicon used for solar cells and thin-film transistors in LCDs.
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Amphetamine
Amphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.
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Androstanolone
Androstanolone, or stanolone, also known as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and sold under the brand name Andractim among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication and hormone which is used mainly in the treatment of low testosterone levels in men.
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Aniline
Aniline is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2.
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Anthraquinone process
The anthraquinone process is a process for the production of hydrogen peroxide, which was developed by BASF.
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Arachidic acid
Arachidic acid, also known as eicosanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with a 20-carbon chain.
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Aromat
Aromat is the brand name of a mass-produced general-purpose seasoning produced in Switzerland and South Africa under the brand name Knorr, which is owned by the Unilever group.
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Aromatic hydrocarbon
An aromatic hydrocarbon or arene (or sometimes aryl hydrocarbon) is a hydrocarbon with sigma bonds and delocalized pi electrons between carbon atoms forming a circle.
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Astrobiology
Astrobiology is a branch of biology concerned with the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe.
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Astrochemistry
Astrochemistry is the study of the abundance and reactions of molecules in the Universe, and their interaction with radiation.
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Asymmetric induction
Asymmetric induction (also enantioinduction) in stereochemistry describes the preferential formation in a chemical reaction of one enantiomer or diastereoisomer over the other as a result of the influence of a chiral feature present in the substrate, reagent, catalyst or environment.
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Atevirdine
Ateviridine is non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that has been studied for the treatment of HIV.
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Automotive oil recycling
Automotive oil recycling involves the recycling of used oils and the creation of new products from the recycled oils, and includes the recycling of motor oil and hydraulic oil.
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Azienda Nazionale Idrogenazione Combustibili
Azienda Nazionale Idrogenazione Combustibili (ANIC) S.p.A was the name of an Italian company, which was to pursue the derivation of fuel by hydrogenation of brown coal.
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Baby Ruth
Baby Ruth is an American candy bar made of peanuts, caramel, and chocolate-flavored nougat covered in compound chocolate.
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Balconi
Balconi Dolciaria is a large Italian company specialized in the production of cakes made with sponge cake.
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Barium sulfate
Barium sulfate (or sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula BaSO4.
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Barrelene
Barrelene is a bicyclic organic compound with chemical formula C8H8 and systematic name bicycloocta-2,5,7-triene.
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Base (chemistry)
In chemistry, bases are substances that, in aqueous solution, release hydroxide (OH−) ions, are slippery to the touch, can taste bitter if an alkali, change the color of indicators (e.g., turn red litmus paper blue), react with acids to form salts, promote certain chemical reactions (base catalysis), accept protons from any proton donor, and/or contain completely or partially displaceable OH− ions.
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Base oil
Base oils are used to manufacture products including lubricating greases, motor oil and metal processing fluids.
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Bayway Refinery
Bayway Refinery is a refining facility in the Port of New York and New Jersey, owned by Phillips 66.
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Bechamp reduction
The Bechamp reduction is used to reduce aromatic nitro compounds to their corresponding anilines, using iron and hydrochloric acid.
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Benkeser reaction
The Benkeser reduction reaction is the hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, especially naphthalenes using lithium or calcium metal using low molecular weight alkyl amines as the solvent and, in part, as a source of protons.
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Benzaldehyde
Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is an organic compound consisting of a benzene ring with a formyl substituent.
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Benzalkonium chloride
Benzalkonium chloride, also known as BZK, BKC, BAC, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and ADBAC, is a type of cationic surfactant.
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Benzene
Benzene is an important organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H6.
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Benzyl group
In organic chemistry, benzyl is the substituent or molecular fragment possessing the structure C6H5CH2–.
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Bergius process
The Bergius process is a method of production of liquid hydrocarbons for use as synthetic fuel by hydrogenation of high-volatile bituminous coal at high temperature and pressure.
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Bergmann azlactone peptide synthesis
The Bergmann azlactone peptide synthesis is a classic organic synthesis process for the preparation of dipeptides.
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Bergmann degradation
The Bergmann degradation is a series of chemical reactions designed to remove a single amino acid from the carboxylic acid (C-terminal) end of a peptide.
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Bifunctional catalyst
A bifunctional catalyst is term coined to refer to a specific set of hydrogenation catalysts containing Lewis acid and Lewis base.
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Billingham Manufacturing Plant
The Billingham Manufacturing Plant is a large chemical works based in the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees, England.
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BioAmber
BioAmber Inc. is a sustainable chemicals company.
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Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels
The bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels can be accomplished using the MixAlco process.
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Biofuel
A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter.
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Bioseparation of 1,3-propanediol
Bioseparation of 1,3-propanediol is a biochemical process for production of 1,3-propanediol (PDO).
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Birch reduction
The Birch reduction is an organic reaction which is particularly useful in synthetic organic chemistry.
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Bird's Custard
Bird's Custard is the brand name for the original powdered, egg-free imitation custard powder, now owned by Premier Foods.
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Bisquick
Bisquick is a pre-mixed baking mix sold by General Mills under its Betty Crocker brand, consisting of flour, shortening, salt, and baking powder (a leavening agent).
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Bite angle
The bite angle is a geometric parameter used to classify chelating ligands in coordination chemistry, including organometallic complexes.
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Blue Ensign Technologies
Blue Ensign Technologies Limited is an Australian oil shale company developing the Julia Creek oil shale project through its subsidiary Queensland Shale Oil Limited.
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Bouillon cube
A bouillon cube (Canada and US) or stock cube (Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, UK) or broth cube (Philippines) is dehydrated bouillon (French for broth) or stock formed into a small cube about wide.
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Burger King products
When the predecessor of international fast food restaurant chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its menu predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts.
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Buspirone
Buspirone, sold under the brand name Buspar, is an anxiolytic drug that is primarily used to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
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Butter
Butter is a dairy product containing up to 80% butterfat (in commercial products) which is solid when chilled and at room temperature in some regions and liquid when warmed.
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Buttercream
Buttercream (also known as butter cream, butter icing, and mock cream) is a type of icing or filling used inside cakes, as a coating, and as decoration.
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Butyraldehyde
Butyraldehyde, also known as butanal, is an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)2CHO.
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Butyrivibrio
Butyrivibrio is a genus of bacteria in Class Clostridia.
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Cadbury
Cadbury, formerly Cadbury's and Cadbury Schweppes, is a British multinational confectionery company wholly owned by Mondelez International (originally Kraft Foods) since 2010.
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Camphorsultam
Camphorsultam, also known as bornanesultam, is a crystalline solid primarily used as a chiral auxiliary in the synthesis of other chemicals with a specific desired stereoselectivity.
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Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.
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Carbon nanotube supported catalyst
Carbon nanotube supported catalyst is a novel supported catalyst, using carbon nanotubes as the support instead of the conventional alumina or silicon support.
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Carbon-neutral fuel
The term "carbon-neutral fuel" can refer to a variety of energy fuels or energy systems which have no net greenhouse gas emissions or carbon footprint.
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Carbonyl group
In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C.
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Carbonyl reduction
In organic chemistry, carbonyl reduction is the organic reduction of any carbonyl group by a reducing agent.
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Carboxybenzyl
Carboxybenzyl, symbol Cbz, Cbo (old symbol), or Z (in honor of its inventor Leonidas Zervas), is a carbamate which is often used as an amine protecting group in organic synthesis.
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Carboxylic acid
A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(.
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Castor oil
Castor oil is a vegetable oil obtained by pressing the seeds of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis).
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Castor wax
Castor wax, also called hydrogenated castor oil, is a hard, brittle, vegetable wax.
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Catalysis
Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalysthttp://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly.
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Catalytic distillation
Catalytic distillation is a branch of reactive distillation which combines the processes of distillation and catalysis to selectively separate mixtures within solutions.
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Chattanooga Corporation
Chattanooga Corporation is an American developer of technology for unconventional oil, particularly for tar sands and shale oil extraction.
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Chemical process
In a scientific sense, a chemical process is a method or means of somehow changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds.
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Chemical process of decomposition
Decomposition in animals is a process that begins immediately after death and involves the destruction of soft tissue, leaving behind skeletonized remains.
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Chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.
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Chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with compounds composed of atoms, i.e. elements, and molecules, i.e. combinations of atoms: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other compounds.
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Chemistry of ascorbic acid
Ascorbic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound with antioxidant properties.
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Chiffon margarine
Chiffon Margarine was first manufactured in 1954 by Anderson, Clayton and Company, a cotton products firm of Houston, Texas.
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Chloralkali process
The chloralkali process (also chlor-alkali and chlor alkali) is an industrial process for the electrolysis of sodium chloride.
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Chocolate
Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of Theobroma cacao seeds, roasted and ground.
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Chocolate crackles
Chocolate crackles (also known as chocolate bubble cakes) are a popular children's confection in Australia and New Zealand, especially for birthday parties and at school fêtes.
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Cholesterol total synthesis
Cholesterol total synthesis in chemistry describes the total synthesis of the complex biomolecule cholesterol and is considered a great scientific achievement.
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Chromium
Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24.
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Chromium(II) hydride
Chromium(II) hydride (systematically named chromium dihydride) is an inorganic compound with the empirical chemical formula.
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Chronic endothelial injury hypothesis
The chronic endothelial injury hypothesis is one of two major mechanisms postulated to explain the underlying cause of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD), the other being the lipid hypothesis.
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Cinnamaldehyde
Cinnamaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH.
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Citronellol
Citronellol, or dihydrogeraniol, is a natural acyclic monoterpenoid.
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Claus process
The Claus process is the most significant gas desulfurizing process, recovering elemental sulfur from gaseous hydrogen sulfide.
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Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.
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Coal liquefaction
Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and petrochemicals.
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Cobalt
Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27.
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Cobalt boride
Cobalt borides are inorganic compounds with the general formula CoxBy.
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Cobalt tetracarbonyl hydride
Cobalt tetracarbonyl hydride is an organometallic compound with the formula HCo(CO)4.
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Coconut oil
Coconut oil, or copra oil, is an edible oil extracted from the kernel or meat of mature coconuts harvested from the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera).
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Coffee-Mate
Coffee-Mate is a non-dairy creamer manufactured by Nestlé, available in powdered, liquid and concentrated liquid forms.
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Collision theory
Collision theory is a theory proposed independently by Max Trautz in 1916 and William Lewis in 1918, that qualitatively explains how chemical reactions occur and why reaction rates differ for different reactions.
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Concurrent tandem catalysis
Concurrent tandem catalysis (CTC) is a technique in chemistry which uses multiple catalysts on a single molecule in a one-pot reaction to produce a product otherwise not accessible by a single catalyst.
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Constrained geometry complex
In organometallic chemistry, a "constrained geometry complex" (CGC) is a kind of catalyst used for the production of polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene.
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Cooking oil
Cooking oil is plant, animal, or synthetic fat used in frying, baking, and other types of cooking.
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Cool Whip
Cool Whip is a brand of imitation whipped cream, referred to as a whipped topping by its manufacturer, Kraft Heinz.
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Coordination complex
In chemistry, a coordination complex consists of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.
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Copha
Copha, a registered trademark of Peerless, is a form of vegetable fat shortening made from hydrogenated coconut oil.
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Coprostanol
5β-Coprostanol (5β-cholestan-3β-ol) is a 27-carbon stanol formed from the biohydrogenation of cholesterol (cholest-5en-3β-ol) in the gut of most higher animals and birds.
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Corn Pops
Corn Pops is a puffed grain breakfast cereal made by Kellogg's, described by the company as "crunchy sweetened popped-up corn cereal." The cereal was introduced in 1950 as Corn Pops.
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Coronary artery disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), refers to a group of diseases which includes stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.
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Cortisone
Cortisone, also known as 17α,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione, is a pregnane (21-carbon) steroid hormone.
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Cosmic dust
Cosmic dust, also called extraterrestrial dust or space dust, is dust which exists in outer space, as well as all over planet Earth.
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Cosmochemistry
Cosmochemistry (from Greek κόσμος kósmos, "universe" and χημεία khemeía) or chemical cosmology is the study of the chemical composition of matter in the universe and the processes that led to those compositions.
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Crabtree's catalyst
Crabtree's catalyst is an organoiridium compound with the formula PF6.
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Creighton process
The Creighton process involves the hydrogenation of a 6 carbon chain alcohol.
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Crisco
Crisco is a brand of shortening produced by The J.M. Smucker Company popular in the United States.
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Crotonic acid
Crotonic acid ((E)-2-butenoic acid) or is a short-chain unsaturated carboxylic acid, described by the formula CH3CH.
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Crotyl alcohol
No description.
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Crucian carp
The crucian carp (Carassius carassius) is a medium-sized member of the common carp family Cyprinidae.
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CrystaSulf
CrystaSulf is the trade name for a chemical process used for removing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from natural gas, synthesis gas and other gas streams in refineries and chemical plants.
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Cup-a-Soup
Cup-a-Soup is an instant soup product sold under various brands worldwide.
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Cyclamen aldehyde
Cyclamen aldehyde is a fragrance molecule which has been used in soaps, detergents, lotions and perfumes since the 1920s.
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Cycloalkane
In organic chemistry, the cycloalkanes (also called naphthenes, but distinct from naphthalene) are the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons.
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Cyclododecatriene
Cyclododecatrienes are cyclic trienes with the formula C12H18.
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Cyclohexane
Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12 (the alkyl is abbreviated Cy).
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Cyclohexanedimethanol
Cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) is a mixture of isomeric organic compounds with formula C6H10(CH2OH)2.
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Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanol is the organic compound with the formula HOCH(CH2)5.
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Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexanone is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)5CO.
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Cyclohexene
Cyclohexene is a hydrocarbon with the formula C6H10.
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Cyclohexylmethanol
Cyclohexylmethanol is an organic compound with the formula C6H11CH2OH.
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Cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl dimer
Cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl dimer is an organometallic compound with the formula (η5-C5H5)2Fe2(CO)4, also abbreviated Cp2Fe2(CO)4.
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Cyclophane
A cyclophane is a hydrocarbon consisting of an aromatic unit (typically a benzene ring) and an aliphatic chain that forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of the aromatic ring.
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Dakota Gasification Company
The Dakota Gasification Company is a synthetic natural gas producing company founded in 1984 in Beulah, North Dakota, United States.
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Dalda
Dalda is a brand of hydrogenated vegetable oil popular in South Asia.
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Danishefsky Taxol total synthesis
The Danishefsky Taxol total synthesis in organic chemistry is an important third Taxol synthesis published by the group of Samuel Danishefsky in 1996 two years after the first two efforts described in the Holton Taxol total synthesis and the Nicolaou Taxol total synthesis.
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DEA list of chemicals
The United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) maintains lists regarding the classification of illicit drugs (see DEA Schedules).
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Decalin
Decalin (decahydronaphthalene, also known as bicyclodecane), a bicyclic organic compound, is an industrial solvent.
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Deep frying
Deep frying (also referred to as deep fat frying) is a cooking method in which food is submerged in hot fat, most commonly oil, rather than the shallow oil used in conventional frying, done in a frying pan.
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Dehydrogenation
Dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the removal of hydrogen from an organic molecule.
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Deoxygenation
Deoxygenation is a chemical reaction involving the removal of oxygen atoms from a molecule.
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Development of analogs of thalidomide
The development of analogs of thalidomide was precipitated by the discovery of the anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of the drug yielding a new way of fighting cancer as well as some inflammatory diseases after it had been banned in 1961.
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Diacetone alcohol
Diacetone alcohol is a chemical compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2C(OH)(CH3)2, sometimes called DAA.
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Diatomaceous earth
Diatomaceous earth – also known as D.E., diatomite, or kieselgur/kieselguhr – is a naturally occurring, soft, siliceous sedimentary rock that is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder.
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Dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II)
Dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) is a coordination complex of ruthenium.
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Dicyclopentadiene
Dicyclopentadiene, abbreviated DCPD, is a chemical compound with formula C10H12.
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Dicycloverine
Dicycloverine, also known as dicyclomine, is a prescription medication that relieves muscle spasms in the gastrointestinal tract through an apparent mechanism of nonselective smooth muscle relaxation, and that presents a range of anticholinergic side effects.
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Diesel fuel
Diesel fuel in general is any liquid fuel used in diesel engines, whose fuel ignition takes place, without any spark, as a result of compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel.
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Dihydro-resveratrol
Dihydro-resveratrol is a dihydrostilbenoid found in wine.
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Dihydroalprenolol
Dihydroalprenolol (DHA) is a hydrogenated alprenolol derivative that acts as a beta-adrenergic blocker.
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Dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), also known as androstanolone or stanolone, is an endogenous androgen sex steroid and hormone.
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Diimide
Diimide, also called diazene or diimine, is a compound having the formula (NH)2.
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Diiminopyridine
The diiminopyridine (DIP) class of ligands are pyridine derivative with imine sidearms appended to the 2,6–positions.
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Dimethyl oxalate
Dimethyl oxalate is the organic compound with the formula (CH3O2C)2.
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Dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine
Dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine is a molecule used in the oxidase test and it is an important precursor to methylene blue.
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Dimethylaminopropylamine
Dimethylaminopropylamine (aka "DMAPA") is a diamine used in the preparation of some surfactants, such as cocamidopropyl betaine which is an ingredient in many personal care products including soaps, shampoos, and cosmetics.
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Diol
A diol or glycol is a chemical compound containing two hydroxyl groups (−OH groups).
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Diphenylethylenediamine
1,2-Diphenyl-1,2-ethylenediamine is an organic compound with the formula H2NCHPhCHPhNH2, where Ph is C6H5, phenyl.
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Direct borohydride fuel cell
Direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs) are a subcategory of alkaline fuel cells which are directly fed by sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride as a fuel and either air/oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant.
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Directed ortho metalation
Directed ortho metalation (DoM) is an adaptation of electrophilic aromatic substitution in which electrophiles attach themselves exclusively to the ortho- position of a direct metalation group or DMG through the intermediary of an aryllithium compound.
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Dirhenium decacarbonyl
Dirhenium decacarbonyl is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Re2(CO)10.
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Discovery and development of gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors
Lipase inhibitors belong to a drug class that is used as an antiobesity agent.
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Disulfide
In chemistry, a disulfide refers to a functional group with the structure R−S−S−R′.
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Dodecahedrane
Dodecahedrane is a chemical compound (C20H20) first synthesised by Leo Paquette of Ohio State University in 1982, primarily for the "aesthetically pleasing symmetry of the dodecahedral framework".
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Dodecanedioic acid
Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA) is a dicarboxylic acid mainly used in antiseptics, top-grade coatings, painting materials, corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, and engineering plastics such as nylon 612.
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Dodecanol
Dodecanol, or lauryl alcohol, is an organic compound produced industrially from palm kernel oil or coconut oil.
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Doritos
Doritos is an American brand of flavored tortilla chips produced since 1964 by Frito-Lay, a wholly owned subsidiary of PepsiCo.
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Double Decker (chocolate bar)
Double Decker is a brand of chocolate bar currently manufactured by Cadbury.
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Douglas Stephan
Douglas Wade Stephan is Professor of Chemistry at the University of Toronto, a post he has held since 2008.
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Dydrogesterone
Dydrogesterone, sold under the brand name Duphaston among others, is a progestin medication which is used for a variety of indications, including threatened or recurrent miscarriage during pregnancy, dysfunctional bleeding, infertility due to luteal insufficiency, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, secondary amenorrhea, irregular cycles, premenstrual syndrome, and as a component of menopausal hormone therapy.
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Elaidic acid
Elaidic acid is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)7CHCH(CH2)7CO2H.
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Elaidinization
Elaidinization is a chemical reaction which alters the orientation of double-bonds from cis- to trans-.
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Elastomer
An elastomer is a polymer with viscoelasticity (i. e., both viscosity and elasticity) and very weak intermolecular forces, and generally low Young's modulus and high failure strain compared with other materials.
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Electrophilic addition
In organic chemistry, an electrophilic addition reaction is an addition reaction where, in a chemical compound, a π bond is broken and two new σ bonds are formed.
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Elmer Keiser Bolton
Elmer Keiser Bolton (June 23, 1886 – July 30, 1968) was an American chemist and research director for DuPont, notable for his role in developing neoprene and directing the research that led to the discovery of nylon.
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End-group
End groups are an important aspect of polymer synthesis and characterization.
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Enzymatic interesterification
Enzymatic Interesterification (EIE) is the catalytic reaction that occurs when an enzyme is introduced into oil and rearranges the fatty acids on the glycerol backbone of a triglyceride.
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Ergoloid
Ergoloid mesylates (USAN), co-dergocrine mesilate (BAN) or dihydroergotoxine mesylate, trade name Hydergine, is a mixture of the methanesulfonate salts of three dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids (dihydroergocristine, dihydroergocornine, and alpha- and beta-dihydroergocryptine).
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Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino-acid synthesis
The Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino acid synthesis, named after Friedrich Gustav Carl Emil Erlenmeyer who partly discovered the reaction, is a series of chemical reactions which transform an N-acyl glycine to various other amino acids via an oxazolone and an azlactone.
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Erysodienone
Erysodienone is a key precursor in the biosynthesis of many Erythrina-produced alkaloids.
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Ester
In chemistry, an ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group.
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Ethoxylation
Ethoxylation is a chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide adds to a substrate.
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Ethylene glycol
Ethylene glycol (IUPAC name: ethane-1,2-diol) is an organic compound with the formula (CH2OH)2.
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Fat
Fat is one of the three main macronutrients, along with carbohydrate and protein.
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Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.
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Fatty alcohol
Fatty alcohols (or long-chain alcohols) are usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4–6 carbons to as many as 22–26, derived from natural fats and oils.
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Fatty amine
In chemistry, a fatty amine is any amine attached to a hydrocarbon chain of eight or more carbon atoms in length.
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Fenestrane
A fenestrane in organic chemistry is a type of chemical compound with a central quaternary carbon atom which serves as a common vertex for four fused carbocycles.
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Fine chemical
Fine chemicals are complex, single, pure chemical substances, produced in limited quantities in multipurpose plants by multistep batch chemical or biotechnological processes.
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Fischer–Tropsch process
The Fischer–Tropsch process is a collection of chemical reactions that converts a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons.
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Fit for Life
Fit for Life (FFL) is a diet and lifestyle book series stemming from the principles of orthopathy.
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Flora (margarine)
Flora is a brand of spread, sold in the United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Ireland, Finland, Sweden, Spain, Poland, Hungary, Portugal, South Africa, Hong Kong, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, New Zealand and Australia.
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Flow chemistry
In flow chemistry, a chemical reaction is run in a continuously flowing stream rather than in batch production.
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Flux (metallurgy)
In metallurgy, a flux (derived from Latin fluxus meaning “flow”) is a chemical cleaning agent, flowing agent, or purifying agent.
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Fondant icing
Fondant icing, also commonly referred to simply as fondant (from the), is an edible icing used to decorate or sculpt cakes and pastries.
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Formate
Formate (IUPAC name: methanoate) is the anion derived from formic acid.
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Formic acid
Formic acid, systematically named methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid.
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French paradox
The French paradox is a catchphrase, first used in the late 1980s, that summarizes the apparently paradoxical epidemiological observation that French people have a relatively low incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD), while having a diet relatively rich in saturated fats, in apparent contradiction to the widely held belief that the high consumption of such fats is a risk factor for CHD.
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Friedrich Bergius
Friedrich Karl Rudolf Bergius (11 October 1884 – 30 March 1949) was a German chemist known for the Bergius process for producing synthetic fuel from coal, Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1931, together with Carl Bosch) in recognition of contributions to the invention and development of chemical high-pressure methods.
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Fruit Gushers
Fruit Gushers (commonly known as Gushers) are fruit snacks in the shape of elongated hexagonal bipyramids; made primarily from sugar and fruit juice, with small amounts of other ingredients.
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Frustrated Lewis pair
In chemistry, a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) is a compound or mixture containing a Lewis acid and a Lewis base that, because of steric hindrance, cannot combine to form a classical adduct.
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Furan
Furan is a heterocyclic organic compound, consisting of a five-membered aromatic ring with four carbon atoms and one oxygen.
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Furfural
Furfural is an organic compound produced from a variety of agricultural byproducts, including corncobs, oat, wheat bran, and sawdust.
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Gamma-Valerolactone
γ-Valerolactone (GVL) is an organic compound with the formula C5H8O2.
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Gas to liquids
Gas to liquids (GTL) is a refinery process to convert natural gas or other gaseous hydrocarbons into longer-chain hydrocarbons, such as gasoline or diesel fuel.
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Genetically modified food
Genetically modified foods or GM foods, also known as genetically engineered foods, bioengineered foods, genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering.
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Geoffrey Wilkinson
Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson FRS (14 July 1921 – 26 September 1996) was a Nobel laureate English chemist who pioneered inorganic chemistry and homogeneous transition metal catalysis.
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German–Japanese industrial co-operation before World War II
In the years leading up to the outbreak of World War II in Europe in 1939, there was some significant collaborative development in heavy industry between German companies and their Japanese counterparts as part of the two nation's evolving relations.
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Glossary of chemistry terms
Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.
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Glutaric acid
Glutaric acid is the organic compound with the formula C3H6(COOH)2.
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Glycolic acid
Glycolic acid (hydroacetic acid or hydroxyacetic acid); chemical formula C2H4O3 (also written as HOCH2CO2H), is the smallest α-hydroxy acid (AHA).
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Gold Dust washing powder
Fairbank's Gold Dust washing products was a line of all-purpose cleaning agents researched and developed in the late 1880s by the N. K. Fairbank Soap Manufacturing Company.
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Graphane
Graphane is a two-dimensional polymer of carbon and hydrogen with the formula unit (CH)n where n is large.
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Graphene chemistry
Graphene is the only form of carbon (or solid material) in which every atom is available for chemical reaction from two sides (due to the 2D structure).
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Grease
Grease most often refers to.
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Green River Formation
The Green River Formation is an Eocene geologic formation that records the sedimentation in a group of intermountain lakes in three basins along the present-day Green River in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah.
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Guerbet reaction
The Guerbet reaction, named after Marcel Guerbet (1861–1938), is an organic reaction converting a primary aliphatic alcohol into its β-alkylated dimer alcohol with loss of one equivalent of water.
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Guido Donegani
Guido Donegani (26 March 1877 in Livorno – 16 April 1947 in Bordighera), was a prominent Italian engineer, businessman and politician.
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Gum base
Gum base is the non-nutritive, non-digestible, water-insoluble masticatory delivery system used to carry sweeteners, flavors, and any other substances in chewing gum and bubble gum.
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Gusperimus
Gusperimus is an immunosuppressive drug.
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H-Bio
H-Bio is an oil-refining processes which involves converting vegetable oil into high-quality diesel via hydrogenation.
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Half sandwich compound
Half sandwich compounds are organometallic complexes that feature a cyclic polyhapto ligand bound to an MLn center, where L is a unidentate ligand.
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Halostachine
Halostachine (also known as N-methylphenylethanolamine) is a natural product, an alkaloid first isolated from the Asian shrub Halostachys caspica (synonym Halostachys belangeriana), and structurally a β-hydroxy-phenethylamine (a phenylethanolamine) related to its better-known "parent" biogenic amine, phenylethanolamine, to the adrenergic drug synephrine, and to the alkaloid ephedrine.
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Harmaline
Harmaline is a fluorescent psychoactive indole alkaloid from the group of harmala alkaloids and beta-carbolines.
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Health in Kuwait
Life expectancy at birth in 2013 was 78 for men and 79 for women.
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Helional
Helional (from heliotropin, from which is it commonly derived) is a chemical compound used as a perfume in soap and laundry detergent.
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Heptachlor
Heptachlor is an organochlorine compound that was used as an insecticide.
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Heptanal
Heptanal or heptanaldehyde is an alkyl aldehyde.
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Herbert Lindlar
Herbert Lindlar (Herbert Wilson Lindlar, 15 March 1909, Sheffield, England – 27 June 2009) was a British-Swiss chemist.
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Heterogeneous gold catalysis
Heterogeneous gold catalysis refers to the catalysis of chemical reactions by gold nanoparticles, typically supported on metal oxide substrates.
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Hexadecacarbonylhexarhodium
Hexadecacarbonylhexarhodium is a metal carbonyl cluster with the formula Rh6(CO)16.
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Hexafluoro-2-propanol
Hexafluoroisopropanol, commonly abbreviated HFIP, is the organic compound with the formula (CF3)2CHOH.
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Hi-Chew
is a Japanese fruit chew sold by Morinaga & Company.
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History and culture of substituted amphetamines
Amphetamine and methamphetamine are both pharmaceutical drugs used to treat a variety of conditions, along with recreational drugs, which are colloquially known as "speed." Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887 in Germany by Romanian chemist Lazăr Edeleanu who named it phenylisopropylamine.
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History of the oil shale industry
The history of the oil shale industry started in ancient times.
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History of the oil shale industry in the United States
The history of the oil shale industry in the United States goes back to the 1850s; it dates back farther as a major enterprise than the petroleum industry.
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Homer Burton Adkins
Homer Burton Adkins (16 January 1892 in Newport, Ohio – 10 August 1949 in Madison, Wisconsin) was an American chemist who studied the hydrogenation of organic compounds.
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Homogeneous catalysis
In chemistry, homogeneous catalysis is catalysis in a solution by a soluble catalyst.
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Hordenine
Hordenine (N,N-dimethyltyramine) is an alkaloid of the phenethylamine class that occurs naturally in a variety of plants, taking its name from one of the most common, barley (Hordeum species).
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Human nutrition
Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support human life and health.
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HVO
HVO may refer to.
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Hyd
Hyd may refer to.
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Hydantoin
Hydantoin, or glycolylurea, is a heterocyclic organic compound with the formula CH2C(O)NHC(O)NH.
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Hydride
In chemistry, a hydride is the anion of hydrogen, H−, or, more commonly, it is a compound in which one or more hydrogen centres have nucleophilic, reducing, or basic properties.
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Hydridotetrakis(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I)
Hydridotetrakis(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) is the coordination complex with the formula HRh4.
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Hydrodesulfurization
Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur (S) from natural gas and from refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oils.
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Hydrofuramide
Hydrofuramide is a condensation product of three molar equivalents of furfural with two molar equivalents of ammonia.
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Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.
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Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula.
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Hydrogen spillover
In heterogeneous catalysis, hydrogen molecules can be adsorbed and dissociated by the metal catalyst.
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Hydrogen storage
Methods of hydrogen storage for subsequent use span many approaches including high pressures, cryogenics, and chemical compounds that reversibly release H2 upon heating.
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Hydrogen technologies
Hydrogen technologies are technologies that relate to the production and use of hydrogen.
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Hydrogenated jojoba oil
Hydrogenated jojoba oil is the end product of the complete hydrogenation of jojoba oil.
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Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates
Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates (HSHs) are mixtures of several sugar alcohols (a type of sugar substitute).
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Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation – to treat with hydrogen – is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum.
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Hydrogenolysis
Hydrogenolysis is a chemical reaction whereby a carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom single bond is cleaved or undergoes lysis (breakdown) by hydrogen.
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Hydromorphone
Hydromorphone, also known as dihydromorphinone, and sold under the brand name Dilaudid, among others, is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.
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Hydrosilylation
Hydrosilylation, also called catalytic hydrosilation, describes the addition of Si-H bonds across unsaturated bonds.
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Hydroxymethylfurfural
Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), also 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, is an organic compound formed by the dehydration of certain sugars.
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Hydroxystenozole
Hydroxystenozole, also known as 17α-methylandrost-4-enopyrazol-17β-ol, is an orally active androgen/anabolic steroid (AAS) and a 17α-alkylated derivative of testosterone that was described in the literature in 1967 but was never marketed.
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Hyperconjugation
In organic chemistry, hyperconjugation is the interaction of the electrons in a sigma orbital (e.g. C–H or C–C) with an adjacent empty (or partially filled) non-bonding orbital, antibonding σ or π orbital, to give an extended molecular orbital.
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Hytort process
The Hytort process is an above-ground shale oil extraction process developed by the Institute of Gas Technology.
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Igor V. Komarov
Igor Volodymyrovych Komarov is a Ukrainian synthetic organic chemist, specializing in medicinal chemistry and nanotechnology, Professor, Doctor of Chemical Sciences.
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Imine
An imine is a functional group or chemical compound containing a carbon–nitrogen double bond.
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In situ chemical reduction
In situ chemical reduction (ISCR) is a new type of environmental remediation technique used for soil and/or groundwater remediation to reduce the concentrations of targeted environmental contaminants to acceptable levels.
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Index of biochemistry articles
Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms.
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Indian cuisine
Indian cuisine consists of a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.
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Industrial licensing in India
In India, there are some regulations and restrictions with regard to establishing industries in certain categories.
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Interesterified fat
Interesterified fat is a type of oil where the fatty acids have been moved from one triglyceride molecule to another.
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Interstellar ice
Interstellar ice consists of grains of volatiles in the ice phase that form in the interstellar medium.
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Interstellar medium
In astronomy, the interstellar medium (ISM) is the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy.
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Ionic hydrogenation
Ionic Hydrogenation refers to hydrogenation achieved by the addition of a proton and a hydride to substrate; in contrast to traditional hydrogenation which is achieved using H2.
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Ionic liquid
An ionic liquid (IL) is a salt in the liquid state.
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Iproniazid
Iproniazid (Marsilid, Rivivol, Euphozid, Iprazid, Ipronid, Ipronin) is a non-selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class.
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Iridium
Iridium is a chemical element with symbol Ir and atomic number 77.
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Isobutanol
Isobutanol (IUPAC nomenclature: 2-methylpropan-1-ol) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CHCH2OH (sometimes represented as i-BuOH).
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Isobutyraldehyde
Isobutyraldehyde is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3)2CHCHO.
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Isochem company
Isochem is a French chemicals company specialized in custom synthesis.
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Isomaltulose
Isomaltulose is a disaccharide carbohydrate composed of glucose and fructose.
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Isophytol
Isophytol is a terpenoid alcohol that is used as a fragrance and as an intermediate in the production of vitamin E and K1.
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Isoprenol
Isoprenol, also known as 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol, is a hemiterpene alcohol.
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Isosorbide
Isosorbide is a bicyclic chemical compound from the group of diols and the oxygen-containing heterocycles, containing two fused furan rings.
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Β-Methylphenethylamine
β-Methylphenethylamine (β-Me-PEA, BMPEA), or 1-amino-2-phenylpropane, is an organic compound of the phenethylamine class, and a positional isomer of the drug amphetamine, with which it shares some properties.
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Jack Halpern (chemist)
Jack Halpern (19 January 1925 – 31 January 2018) was an inorganic chemist, the Louis Block Distinguished Service Professor of Chemistry at the University of Chicago.
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Jack Nielsen (tennis)
Jack Fridtjof Charles Hücke Coucheron Nobel Nielsen (3 August 1896 – 9 January 1981) was a Norwegian tennis player.
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James Bryant Conant
James Bryant Conant (March 26, 1893 – February 11, 1978) was an American chemist, a transformative President of Harvard University, and the first U.S. Ambassador to West Germany.
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James F. Boyce
James F. Boyce (November 15, 1868 – June 2, 1935) was an American chemist who contributed to the manufacture of soaps and detergents.
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Jean-Baptiste Senderens
Jean-Baptiste Senderens (27 January 1856 – 26 September 1937) was a French priest and chemist.
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Jet fuel
Jet fuel, aviation turbine fuel (ATF), or avtur, is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines.
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John Yudkin
John Yudkin FRSC (8 August 1910 – 12 July 1995) was a British physiologist and nutritionist, and the founding Professor of the Department of Nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College, London.
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Jojoba ester
Jojoba esters are the hydrogenation or transesterification product of Jojoba oil.
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Josiphos ligands
A Josiphos ligand is a type of chiral diphosphine which has been modified to be substrate specific and is widely used for enantioselective synthesis.
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Karl Barry Sharpless
Karl Barry Sharpless (born April 28, 1941) is an American chemist known for his work on stereoselective reactions.
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Ketone
In chemistry, a ketone (alkanone) is an organic compound with the structure RC(.
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KFC
KFC, until 1991 known as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is an American fast food restaurant chain that specializes in fried chicken.
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Kiliani–Fischer synthesis
The Kiliani–Fischer synthesis, named for German chemists Heinrich Kiliani and Hermann Emil Fischer, is a method for synthesizing monosaccharides.
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Knölker complex
The Knölker complex is an organoiron compound, which is a catalyst for transfer hydrogenation.
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Kréma
Kréma is a French brand of confectionery, owned by Cadbury.
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Kuwajima Taxol total synthesis
The Kuwajima Taxol total synthesis by the group of Isao Kuwajima of the Tokyo Institute of Technology is one of several efforts in taxol total synthesis published in the 1990s.
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L-DOPA
L-DOPA, also known as levodopa or L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine is an amino acid that is made and used as part of the normal biology of humans, as well as some animals and plants.
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Ladderane
In chemistry, a ladderane is an organic molecule containing two or more fused cyclobutane rings.
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Laffy Taffy
Laffy Taffy is a brand of taffy manufactured by Nestlé and sold under their Willy Wonka Candy Company brand.
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Lanolin
Lanolin (from Latin ‘wool’, and ‘oil’), also called wool wax or wool grease, is a wax secreted by the sebaceous glands of wool-bearing animals.
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Lard
Lard is pig fat in both its rendered and unrendered forms.
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Larsen & Toubro
Larsen & Toubro Limited, commonly known as L&T, is the largest Indian multi-national firm headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Leuna works
The Leuna works (Leunawerke) in Leuna, Saxony-Anhalt, is one of the biggest chemical industrial complexes in Germany.
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Lilial
Lilial (a trade name for lily aldehyde, also known as lysmeral) is a chemical compound commonly used as a perfume in cosmetic preparations and laundry powders, often under the name butylphenyl methylpropional.
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Lindlar catalyst
A Lindlar catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst that consists of palladium deposited on calcium carbonate which is then poisoned with various forms of lead or sulphur.
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Linear alpha olefin
Linear alpha olefins (LAO) or normal alpha olefins (NAO) are olefins or alkenes with a chemical formula CxH2x, distinguished from other mono-olefins with a similar molecular formula by linearity of the hydrocarbon chain and the position of the double bond at the primary or alpha position.
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Linolelaidic acid
Linolelaidic acid is an omega-6 trans fatty acid (TFA) and is a geometric isomer of linoleic acid.
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List of academic fields
The following outline is provided as an overview of an topical guide to academic disciplines: An academic discipline or field of study is known as a branch of knowledge.
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List of candies
Candy, known also as sweets and confectionery, has a long history as a familiar food treat that is available in many varieties.
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List of chemists
This is a list of chemists.
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List of ice cream varieties by country
This article is about the ice cream varieties around the world.
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List of inorganic reactions
Well-known types of reactions that involve organic compounds include.
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List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
This is a list of molecules that have been detected in the interstellar medium and circumstellar envelopes, grouped by the number of component atoms.
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List of inventors
This is a list of notable inventors.
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List of MeSH codes (G06)
The following is a list of the "G" codes for MeSH.
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List of MeSH codes (H01)
The following is a list of the "H" codes for MeSH.
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List of people from Taunton, Massachusetts
The following is a list of notable people from Taunton, Massachusetts, USA.
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List of reagents
This is a list of inorganic and organic reagents commonly used in chemistry.
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List of rolled foods
This is a list of rolled foods.
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List of unsaturated fatty acids
The following fatty acids have one unsaturated bond.
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Lithium 12-hydroxystearate
Lithium 12-hydroxystearate is a chemical compound classified as a lithium soap.
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Love Grown Foods
Love Grown Foods is a natural food company that manufactures a line of all natural breakfast foods.
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Lutetium
Lutetium is a chemical element with symbol Lu and atomic number 71.
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Maleic acid
Maleic acid or cis-butenedioic acid is an organic compound that is a dicarboxylic acid, a molecule with two carboxyl groups.
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Maltitol
Maltitol is a sugar alcohol (a polyol) used as a sugar substitute.
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Malvalic acid
Malvalic acid is a cyclopropene fatty acid found in baobab seed oil and cottonseed oil.
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Mannitol
Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol which is also used as a medication.
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Marcel Delépine
Stéphane Marcel Delépine (19 September 1871, in Saint-Martin-le-Gaillard – 21 September 1965) was a French pharmacist and chemist, whose name is associated with the Delépine reaction for the preparation of primary amines.
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Margarine
Margarine is an imitation butter spread used for flavoring, baking, and cooking.
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Mechanically interlocked molecular architectures
Mechanically interlocked molecular architectures (MIMAs) are molecules that are connected as a consequence of their topology.
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Medroxalol
Medroxalol is a vasodilator beta blocker also classified as a mixed receptor blocker as it blocks both alpha and beta receptors.
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Menthol
Menthol is an organic compound made synthetically or obtained from corn mint, peppermint, or other mint oils.
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Mesityl oxide
Mesityl oxide is a α,β-unsaturated ketone with the formula CH3C(O)CH.
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Methanation
Methanation is the conversion of COx to methane CH4 through hydrogenation.
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Methane
Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen).
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Methanizer
Methanizer is an appliance used in gas chromatography, which allows to detect very low concentrations of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
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Methanol
Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol among others, is a chemical with the formula CH3OH (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated MeOH).
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Methanol economy
The methanol economy is a suggested future economy in which methanol and dimethyl ether replace fossil fuels as a means of energy storage, ground transportation fuel, and raw material for synthetic hydrocarbons and their products.
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Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CHCH2C(O)CH3.
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Methylcyclohexane
Methylcyclohexane is an organic compound with the molecular formula is CH3C6H11.
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Methylidyne radical
Methylidyne (also systematically named hydridocarbon(•)), also called carbyne, is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH• (also written as). Methylidyne is the simplest carbyne.
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Metolachlor
Metolachlor is an organic compound that is widely used as an herbicide.
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Migratory insertion
A migratory insertion is a type of reaction in organometallic chemistry wherein two ligands on a metal complex combine.
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Milk substitute
A milk substitute is a liquid meant to replace the milk from a mammal.
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Mixing (process engineering)
In industrial process engineering, mixing is a unit operation that involves manipulation of a heterogeneous physical system with the intent to make it more homogeneous.
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Molly McButter
Molly McButter Natural Butter Flavor Sprinkles, often referred to simply as Molly McButter, is a butter-flavored butter substitute manufactured by B&G Foods.
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Molybdenum disulfide
Molybdenum disulfide is an inorganic compound composed of molybdenum and sulfur.
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Moon pie
A moon pie or stylized as MoonPie is an American confection, popular across much of the United States, which consists of two round graham cracker cookies, with marshmallow filling in the center, dipped in a flavored coating.
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Moosbierbaum
Moosbierbaum is part of the municipality (commune) of Atzenbrugg in the Lower Austria.
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Moti Herskowitz
Moti Herskowitz is a professor of Chemical Engineering, the incumbent of the Israel Cohen Chair in Chemical Engineering and researcher in the fields of advanced materials, catalysis and multiphase reactors.
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Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis
The Mukaiyama taxol total synthesis published by the group of Teruaki Mukaiyama of the Tokyo University of Science between 1997 and 1999 was the 6th successful taxol total synthesis.
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Murray Raney
Murray Raney (October 14, 1885 – March 3, 1966) was an American mechanical engineer born in Carrollton, Kentucky.
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N-Butanol
n-Butanol or n-butyl alcohol or normal butanol is a primary alcohol with a 4-carbon structure and the chemical formula C4H9OH.
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N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is an organic compound consisting of a 5-membered lactam.
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Naphthalene
Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula.
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Naringin
Naringin is a flavanone-7-O-glycoside between the flavanone naringenin and the disaccharide neohesperidose.
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Naringin dihydrochalcone
Naringin dihydrochalcone, sometimes abbreviated to naringin DC, is an artificial sweetener derived from naringin, a bitter compound found in citrus.
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Nascent hydrogen
Nascent hydrogen is a concept that was once invoked to explain dissolving-metal reactions, such as the Clemmensen reduction and the Bouveault–Blanc reduction.
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Natural oil polyols
Natural oil polyols, also known as NOPs or biopolyols, are polyols derived from vegetable oils by several different techniques.
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Ned D. Heindel
Ned D. Heindel (September 4, 1937) is an American chemist.
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Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone
Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, sometimes abbreviated to neohesperidin DC or simply NHDC, is an artificial sweetener derived from citrus.
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Newman-O's
Newman-O's are a type of cream-filled sandwich cookie made and distributed by Newman's Own.
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Nickel
Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28.
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Nickel allergy
Nickel allergy (also referred to as Ni-ACD) is a form of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by exposure to the chemical element nickel.
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Nitrile
A nitrile is any organic compound that has a −C≡N functional group.
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Nitrile reduction
In nitrile reduction a nitrile is reduced to either an amine or an aldehyde with a suitable chemical reagent.
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Nitrile rubber
Nitrile rubber, also known as NBR, Buna-N, and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, is a synthetic rubber copolymer of acrylonitrile (ACN) and butadiene.
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Nitroalkene
A nitroalkene, or nitro olefin, is a functional group combining the functionality of its constituent parts, an alkene and nitro group, while displaying its own chemical properties through alkene activation, making the functional group useful in specialty reactions such as the Michael reaction or Diels-Alder additions.
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Nitroethane
Nitroethane is an organic compound having the chemical formula C2H5NO2.
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Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen fixation is a process by which nitrogen in the Earth's atmosphere is converted into ammonia (NH3) or other molecules available to living organisms.
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Nitrophenol
Nitrophenols consist of a phenol molecule with one or more nitro-groups attached to the aromatic ring.
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Nomifensine
Nomifensine (Merital, Alival) is a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, i.e. a drug that increases the amount of synaptic norepinephrine and dopamine available to receptors by blocking the dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake transporters.
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Non-coordinating anion
Anions that interact weakly with cations are termed non-coordinating anions, although a more accurate term is weakly coordinating anion.
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Non-dairy creamer
Non-dairy creamers or coffee whiteners are liquid or granular substances intended to substitute for milk or cream as an additive to coffee, tea, hot chocolate or other beverages.
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Non-stoichiometric compound
Non-stoichiometric compounds are chemical compounds, almost always solid inorganic compounds, having elemental composition whose proportions cannot be represented by integers; most often, in such materials, some small percentage of atoms are missing or too many atoms are packed into an otherwise perfect lattice work.
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Norbornene
Norbornene or norbornylene or norcamphene is a bridged cyclic hydrocarbon.
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Nornicotine
Nornicotine is an alkaloid found in various plants including Nicotiana, the tobacco plant.
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Norpropylhexedrine
Norpropylhexedrine (cyclohexylaminopropane or hexahydroamphetamine) is a stimulant of the cyclohexyl amine class and is the hydrogenated analog of amphetamine.
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North East England
North East England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes.
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Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation
In chemistry, the Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones is a chemical reaction for the enantioselective hydrogenation of ketones, aldehydes, and imines.
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Nutrition
Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.
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O-Phenylenediamine
o-Phenylenediamine is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(NH2)2.
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Obesity in the Middle East and North Africa
Obesity in North Africa and the Middle East is a notable health issue.
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Oleochemical
Oleochemicals (from Latin: oleum “olive oil”) are chemicals derived from plant and animal fats.
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Oleyl alcohol
Oleyl alcohol, octadecenol, or cis-9-octadecen-1-ol, is an unsaturated fatty alcohol with the molecular formula 1836 or the condensed structural formula CH3(CH2)7-CH.
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Olympicene
Olympicene is an organic carbon based molecule formed of five rings, of which four are benzene rings, joined in the shape of the Olympic rings.
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Omar (candy)
Omar is a caramel candy manufactured by Fazer Confectionery of Finland.
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Oreo
Oreo is a commercial brand of cookie usually consisting of two chocolate wafers with a sweet crème filling in between, and (as of 1974) is marketed as "Chocolate Sandwich Cookies" on the package.
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Organic redox reaction
Organic reductions or organic oxidations or organic redox reactions are redox reactions that take place with organic compounds.
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Organic synthesis
Organic synthesis is a special branch of chemical synthesis and is concerned with the intentional construction of organic compounds.
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Organoiridium compound
Organoiridium chemistry is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing a iridium-carbon chemical bond.
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Organoiron chemistry
Organoiron chemistry is the chemistry of iron compounds containing a carbon-to-iron chemical bond.
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Organometallic chemistry
Organometallic chemistry is the study of organometallic compounds, chemical compounds containing at least one chemical bond between a carbon atom of an organic molecule and a metal, including alkaline, alkaline earth, and transition metals, and sometimes broadened to include metalloids like boron, silicon, and tin, as well.
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Organorhodium chemistry
Organorhodium chemistry is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing a rhodium-carbon chemical bond, and the study of rhodium and rhodium compounds as catalysts in organic reactions.
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Organoruthenium chemistry
Organoruthenium chemistry is the chemistry of organometallic compounds containing a carbon to ruthenium chemical bond.
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Organozinc compound
Organozinc compounds in organic chemistry contain carbon to zinc chemical bonds.
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Osmium tetroxide
Osmium tetroxide (also osmium(VIII) oxide) is the chemical compound with the formula OsO4.
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Outline of academic disciplines
An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of knowledge that is taught and researched as part of higher education.
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Oxidative addition
Oxidative addition and reductive elimination are two important and related classes of reactions in organometallic chemistry.
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Oxime
An oxime is a chemical compound belonging to the imines, with the general formula R1R2C.
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Oxo alcohol
Oxo alcohols are alcohols that are prepared by adding carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (usually combined together as synthesis gas) to an olefin to obtain an aldehyde using the hydroformylation reaction and then hydrogenating the aldehyde to obtain the alcohol.
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PAH world hypothesis
The PAH world hypothesis is a speculative hypothesis that proposes that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), known to be abundant in the universe, including in comets, and, as well, assumed to be abundant in the primordial soup of the early Earth, played a major role in the origin of life by mediating the synthesis of RNA molecules, leading into the RNA world.
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Palladium
Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46.
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Palladium black
Palladium black is a coarse, sponge-like form of elemental palladium which offers a large surface area for catalytic activity.
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Palladium on carbon
Palladium on carbon, often referred to as Pd/C, is a form of palladium used as a catalyst.
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Palladium(II) oxide
Palladium(II) oxide is the inorganic compound of formula PdO.
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Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms.
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Panspermia
Panspermia is the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed by space dust, meteoroids, asteroids, comets, planetoids, and also by spacecraft carrying unintended contamination by microorganisms.
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Parahydrogen induced polarization
Parahydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP) is a technique used in magnetic resonance imaging.
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Paul Sabatier (chemist)
Prof Paul Sabatier FRS(For) HFRSE (5 November 1854 – 14 August 1941) was a French chemist, born in Carcassonne.
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PB Max
PB Max was a candy bar made in the United States by Mars, launched in 1989 or 1990.
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Peabutter
Peabutter is a food spread made from brown peas and functions as a substitute for peanut butter.
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Peanut butter
Peanut butter is a food paste or spread made from ground dry roasted peanuts.
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PEG-150 hydrogenated jojoba
PEG-150 hydrogenated jojoba is an ethoxylated version of fully hydrogenated jojoba wax and the most water soluble form of jojoba available.
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Pentanal
Pentanal, also called pentanaldehyde or valeraldehyde, is an alkyl aldehyde, molecular formula C5H10O.
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Peptide synthesis
In organic chemistry, peptide synthesis is the production of peptides, compounds where multiple amino acids are linked via amide bonds, also known as peptide bonds.
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Perrhenic acid
Perrhenic acid is the chemical compound with the formula.
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Phenethyl alcohol
Phenethyl alcohol, or 2-phenylethanol, is the organic compound that consists of a phenethyl group (C6H5CH2CH2) group attached to OH.
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Phenethylamine
Phenethylamine (PEA) is an organic compound, natural monoamine alkaloid, and trace amine which acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans.
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Phenol
Phenol, also known as phenolic acid, is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH.
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Phenylacetylene
Phenylacetylene is an alkyne hydrocarbon containing a phenyl group.
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Phenylpropanoic acid
Phenylpropanoic acid or hydrocinnamic acid is a carboxylic acid with the formula C9H10O2 belonging to the class of phenylpropanoids.
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Phosphinooxazolines
Phosphinooxazolines (often abbreviated PHOX) are a class of chiral ligands used in asymmetric catalysis.
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Piperidine
Piperidine is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH2)5NH.
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Platinum on carbon
Platinum on carbon, often referred to as Pt/C, is a form of platinum used as a catalyst.
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, also polyaromatic hydrocarbons or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) are hydrocarbons—organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen—that are composed of multiple aromatic rings (organic rings in which the electrons are delocalized).
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Polymer degradation
Polymer degradation is a change in the properties—tensile strength, color, shape, etc.—of a polymer or polymer-based product under the influence of one or more environmental factors such as heat, light or chemicals such as acids, alkalis and some salts.
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Polyol
A polyol is an organic compound containing multiple hydroxyl groups.
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Porous silicon
Porous silicon (abbreviated as "PS" or "pSi") is a form of the chemical element silicon that has introduced nanopores in its microstructure, rendering a large surface to volume ratio in the order of 500 m2/cm3.
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Poulenc Frères
Poulenc Frères (Poulenc Brothers) was a French chemical, pharmaceutical and photographic supplies company that had its origins in a Paris pharmacy founded in 1827.
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Power-to-gas
Power-to-gas (often abbreviated P2G) is a technology that converts electrical power to a gas fuel.
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Pressure reactor
A Pressure Reactor, sometimes referred to as a pressure tube, or a sealed tube, is a chemical reaction vessel which can conduct a reaction under pressure.
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Procyclidine
Procyclidine is an anticholinergic drug principally used for the treatment of drug-induced parkinsonism, akathisia and acute dystonia; Parkinson disease; and idiopathic or secondary dystonia.
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Propanil
Propanil is a widely used contact herbicide.
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Propylene oxide
Propylene oxide is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH3CHCH2O.
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Proxorphan
Proxorphan (INN), also known as proxorphan tartate (USAN) (developmental code name BL-5572M), is an opioid analgesic and antitussive drug of the morphinan family that was never marketed.
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Putrescine
Putrescine, or tetramethylenediamine, is a foul-smelling organic chemical compound NH2(CH2)4NH2 (1,4-diaminobutane or butanediamine) that is related to cadaverine; both are produced by the breakdown of amino acids in living and dead organisms and both are toxic in large doses.
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Pyrene
Pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.
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Pyridine
Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C5H5N.
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Pyrophoricity
A pyrophoric substance (from Greek πυροφόρος, pyrophoros, "fire-bearing") ignites spontaneously in air at or below 55 °C (130 °F).
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Pyrrole
Pyrrole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula C4H4NH.
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Pyrroline
Pyrrolines, also known under the name dihydropyrroles, are three different heterocyclic organic chemical compounds that differ in the position of the double bond.
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Quinine total synthesis
In total synthesis, the quinine total synthesis describes the efforts in synthesis of quinine over a 150-year period.
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Radialene
Radialenes are alicyclic organic compounds containing n cross-conjugated exocyclic double bonds.
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Raney nickel
Raney nickel, also called spongy nickel, is a fine-grained solid composed mostly of nickel derived from a nickel-aluminium alloy.
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Raspberry ketone
Raspberry ketone is a natural phenolic compound that is the primary aroma compound of red raspberries.
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Red Hot Riplets
Red Hot Riplets is a kind of spicy potato chips sold in St. Louis, Missouri.
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Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
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Reductive elimination
Reductive elimination is an elementary step in organometallic chemistry in which the oxidation state of the metal center decreases while forming a new covalent bond between two ligands.
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Refractory metals
Refractory metals are a class of metals that are extraordinarily resistant to heat and wear.
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Reichstein process
The Reichstein process in chemistry is a combined chemical and microbial method for the production of ascorbic acid from D-glucose that takes place in several steps.
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Resonance (chemistry)
In chemistry, resonance or mesomerism is a way of describing delocalized electrons within certain molecules or polyatomic ions where the bonding cannot be expressed by one single Lewis structure.
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Rhenium
Rhenium is a chemical element with symbol Re and atomic number 75.
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Rhodium
Rhodium is a chemical element with symbol Rh and atomic number 45.
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Rhodium(III) chloride
Rhodium(III) chloride refers to inorganic compounds with the formula RhCl3(H2O)n, where n varies from 0 to 3.
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Rhodium(III) oxide
Rhodium(III) oxide (or Rhodium sesquioxide) is the inorganic compound with the formula Rh2O3.
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Rhodium-platinum oxide
Rhodium-platinum oxide (Rh–Pt oxide), or Nishimura's catalyst, is an inorganic compound used as a hydrogenation catalyst.
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Roger Adams
Roger Adams (January 2, 1889 – July 6, 1971) was an American organic chemist.
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Roles of chemical elements
This table is designed to show the role(s) performed by each chemical element, in nature and in technology.
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Roquette Frères
Roquette is a French-based family owned company which produces more than 650 by-products from the starch extracted from corn, wheat, potatoes and peas.
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Rosenmund reduction
The Rosenmund reduction is a hydrogenation process in which an acyl chloride is selectively reduced to an aldehyde.
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Ruthenium
Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44.
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Ryōji Noyori
is a Japanese chemist.
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Saturation (chemistry)
In chemistry, saturation (from the Latin word saturare, meaning 'to fill') has diverse meanings, all based on the idea of reaching a maximum capacity.
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Scotford Upgrader
The Shell Scotford Upgrader is an oilsand upgrader, a facility which processes crude bitumen (extra-heavy crude oil) from oil sands into a wide range of synthetic crude oils.
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Sergey Lebedev (chemist)
Sergei Vasiljevich Lebedev (Серге́й Васи́льевич Ле́бедев; July 25, 1874 – May 1, 1934) was a Russian/Soviet chemist and the inventor of polybutadiene synthetic rubber, the first commercially viable and mass-produced type of synthetic rubber.
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Shake 'n Bake
Shake 'n Bake, manufactured by Kraft Foods, is a flavored bread crumb-style coating for chicken and pork.
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Shale oil
Shale oil is an unconventional oil produced from oil shale rock fragments by pyrolysis, hydrogenation, or thermal dissolution.
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Shale oil extraction
Shale oil extraction is an industrial process for unconventional oil production.
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Shelf-stable food
Shelf-stable food (sometimes ambient food) is food of a type that can be safely stored at room temperature in a sealed container.
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Shell higher olefin process
The Shell higher olefin process is a chemical process for the production of linear alpha olefins via ethylene oligomerization and olefin metathesis invented and exploited by Royal Dutch Shell.
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Shortening
Shortening is any fat that is a solid at room temperature and used to make crumbly pastry and other food products.
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Shvo catalyst
The Shvo catalyst, named after Youval Shvo, is an organoruthenium compound that is used for transfer hydrogenation.
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Silicene
Silicene is a two-dimensional allotrope of silicon, with a hexagonal honeycomb structure similar to that of graphene.
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Skittles (confectionery)
Skittles is a brand of fruit-flavoured sweets, currently produced and marketed by the Wrigley Company, a division of Mars, Inc. Skittles consist of hard sugar shells imprinted with the letter "S".
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Smart Balance
Smart Balance is a company that manufactures products including margarine substitutes, flavored microwave popcorn, and peanut butter.
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Smint
Smint is a type of breath mint.
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Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), synonymously sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), or sodium laurilsulfate, is a synthetic organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)11SO4 Na.
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Solenopsin
Solenopsin is an alkaloid with the molecular formula C17H35N found in the venom of fire ants (Solenopsis).
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Sorbitol
Sorbitol, less commonly known as glucitol, is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly.
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Soy candle
Soy candles are candles made from soy wax, which is a processed form of soybean oil.
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Soybean oil
Soybean oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the soybean (Glycine max).
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Spin isomers of hydrogen
Molecular hydrogen occurs in two isomeric forms, one with its two proton nuclear spins aligned parallel (orthohydrogen), the other with its two proton spins aligned antiparallel (parahydrogen).
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Squalane
Squalane is a hydrocarbon derived by hydrogenation of squalene.
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Squirrel nut caramel
Squirrel Nut Caramels (chocolate flavored) and Squirrel Nut Zippers (vanilla flavored) are chewy caramel candy mixed with peanuts.
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Stanol ester
Stanol ester is a heterogeneous group of chemical compounds known to reduce the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in blood when ingested, though to a much lesser degree than prescription drugs such as statins.
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Stearyl alcohol
Stearyl alcohol (also known as octadecyl alcohol or 1-octadecanol) is an organic compound classified as a fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)16CH2OH.
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Steroid
A steroid is a biologically active organic compound with four rings arranged in a specific molecular configuration.
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Steroid Delta-isomerase
In enzymology, a steroid Δ5-isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, a 3-oxo-Δ5-steroid, and one product, a 3-oxo-Δ4-steroid.
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Stigmastanol
Stigmastanol (sitostanol) is a phytosterol found in a variety of plant sources.
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Stryker's reagent
Stryker's reagent (6), also known as the Osborn complex, is a hexameric copper hydride ligated with triphenylphosphine.
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Substitute natural gas
Substitute natural gas (SNG), or synthetic natural gas, is a fuel gas that can be produced from fossil fuels such as lignite coal, oil shale, or from biofuels (when it is named bio-SNG) or from renewable electrical energy.
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Succinic acid
Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH2)2(CO2H)2.
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Succinonitrile
Succinonitrile, also butanedinitrile, is a nitrile, with the formula of C2H4(CN)2.
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Sugar alcohol
Sugar alcohols (also called polyhydric alcohols, polyalcohols, alditols or glycitols) are organic compounds, typically derived from sugars, that comprise a class of polyols.
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Sugar substitute
A sugar substitute is a food additive that provides a sweet taste like that of sugar while containing significantly less food energy.
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Sulfation
Sulfation or sulfurylation (not to be confused with sulfonation) in biochemistry is the enzyme-catalyzed conjugation of a sulfo group (not a sulfate or sulfuryl group) to another molecule.
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Sulfolane
Sulfolane (also tetramethylene sulfone, systematic name: 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide) is an organosulfur compound, formally a cyclic sulfone, with the formula (CH2)4SO2.
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Sulfolene
Sulfolene, or butadiene sulfone is a cyclic organic chemical with a sulfone functional group.
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Sulindac
Sulindac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the arylalkanoic acid class that is marketed in the UK & U.S. by Merck as Clinoril.
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Sunepitron
Sunepitron (CP-93,393) is a combined 5-HT1A receptor agonist and α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist.
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Sunflower oil
Sunflower oil is the non-volatile oil pressed from the seeds of sunflower (Helianthus annuus).
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Sungai Liang
Sungai Liang is a village and industrial area in Belait District, Brunei, in the mukim (subdistrict) of Liang.
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Surface science
Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid–liquid interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid–gas interfaces.
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Swizzels Matlow
Swizzels Matlow also known as just Swizzels is a confectionery manufacturer based in New Mills, Derbyshire, near Stockport in the United Kingdom.
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Syngas to gasoline plus
Syngas to gasoline plus (STG+) is a thermochemical process to convert natural gas, other gaseous hydrocarbons or gasified biomass into drop-in fuels, such as gasoline, diesel fuel or jet fuel, and organic solvents.
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Synthetic fuel
Synthetic fuel or synfuel is a liquid fuel, or sometimes gaseous fuel, obtained from syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in which the syngas was derived from gasification of solid feedstocks such as coal or biomass or by reforming of natural gas.
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Synthetic fuels in the United States
Synthetic fuels in the United States is an issue of rising importance due the crude oil prices, and geopolitical and economic considerations.
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Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program
The Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program was a program run by the United States Bureau of Mines to create the technology to produce synthetic fuel from coal and oil shale.
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T. R. Seshadri
Thiruvengadam Rajendram Seshadri FNA, FRS was an Indian chemist, academic, writer and the Head of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Delhi, known for his researches on the Indian medicinal and other plants.
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Takahashi Taxol total synthesis
The Takahashi Taxol total synthesis published by Takashi Takahashi in 2006 is one of several successful methods in taxol total synthesis.
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Tastykake
Tastykake is a line of snack foods manufactured by the Tasty Baking Company, currently headquartered at the Philadelphia Naval Business Center (formerly the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Terazosin
Terazosin (marketed as Hytrin or Zayasel) is a selective alpha-1 antagonist used for treatment of symptoms of an enlarged prostate (BPH).
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Terephthalic acid
Terephthalic acid is an organic compound with formula C6H4(CO2H)2.
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Tetrahydrofuran
Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)4O.
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Tetrahydrogestrinone
Tetrahydrogestrinone (THG), known by the nickname The Clear, is a synthetic and orally active anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) which was never marketed for medical use.
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Tetrahydropyran
Tetrahydropyran (THP) is the organic compound consisting of a saturated six-membered ring containing five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.
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Tetralin
Tetralin (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) is a hydrocarbon having the chemical formula C10H12.
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Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone
Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5)4C4CO.
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TH-dimer
TH-dimer, also called tetrahydromethylcyclopentadiene dimer or RJ-4, is a liquid rocket propellant used in missiles and jet engines.
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ThalesNano
ThalesNano, Inc. is a solution provider for chemists, with products mainly in the field of flow chemistry.
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Thermal dissolution
Thermal dissolution is a hydrogen-donor solvent refining process.
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Thermal runaway
Thermal runaway occurs in situations where an increase in temperature changes the conditions in a way that causes a further increase in temperature, often leading to a destructive result.
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Thioether
A thioether is a functional group in organosulfur chemistry with the connectivity C–S–C as shown on right.
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Tiabendazole
Tiabendazole (INN, BAN), thiabendazole (AAN, USAN), TBZ (and the trade names Mintezol, Tresaderm, and Arbotect) is a fungicide and parasiticide.
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Tide (brand)
Tide is a laundry detergent introduced in 1946 and manufactured by American multinational Procter & Gamble.
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Timeline of chemistry
The timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.
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Timeline of hydrogen technologies
This is a timeline of the history of hydrogen technology.
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Tolcapone
Tolcapone (brand name Tasmar) is a drug used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Toluene
Toluene, also known as toluol, is an aromatic hydrocarbon.
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Totarol
Totarol is a naturally produced diterpene that is bioactive as (+)-totarol.
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Totino's
Totino's and Jeno's are brands of frozen pizza products owned by General Mills.
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Trabectedin
Trabectedin (also known as ecteinascidin 743 or ET-743) is an antitumor chemotherapy drug sold by Pharma Mar S.A. and Johnson and Johnson under the brand name Yondelis.
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Trans fat
Trans fat, also called trans-unsaturated fatty acids or trans fatty acids, are a type of unsaturated fat that occur in small amounts in nature but became widely produced industrially from vegetable fats starting in the 1950s for use in margarine, snack food, and packaged baked goods and for frying fast food.
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Trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane
trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane is an organic compound with the formula C6H10(NH2)2.
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Transfer hydrogenation
Transfer hydrogenation is the addition of hydrogen (H2; dihydrogen in inorganic and organometallic chemistry) to a molecule from a source other than gaseous H2.
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Transition metal
In chemistry, the term transition metal (or transition element) has three possible meanings.
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Transition metal alkene complex
In organometallic chemistry, a transition metal alkene complex is a coordination compound containing one or more alkene ligands.
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Transition metal alkyl complexes
Transition metal alkyl complexes are coordination complexes that contain a bond between a transition metal and an alkyl ligand.
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Transition metal alkyne complex
In organometallic chemistry, a transition metal alkyne complex is a coordination compound containing one or more alkyne ligands.
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Transition metal indenyl complex
In organometallic chemistry, a transition metal indenyl complex is a coordination compound that contains one or more indenyl ligands.
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Trickle-bed reactor
A trickle-bed reactor (TBR) is a chemical reactor that uses the downward movement of a liquid and the downward (co-current) or upward (counter-current) movement of gas over a packed bed of (catalyst) particles.
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Tricyclohexylphosphine
Tricyclohexylphosphine is the tertiary phosphine with the formula P(C6H11)3.
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Trihydrogen cation
The trihydrogen cation, also known as protonated molecular hydrogen or, is one of the most abundant ions in the universe.
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Tris
Tris, or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, or known during medical use as tromethamine or THAM, is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2)3CNH2.
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Trovafloxacin
Trovafloxacin (sold as Trovan by Pfizer and Turvel by Laboratorios Almirall) was a broad spectrum antibiotic that inhibits the uncoiling of supercoiled DNA in various bacteria by blocking the activity of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
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Tungsten disulfide
Tungsten disulfide is the chemical compound with the formula WS2.
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TV dinner
A TV dinner (also called prepackaged meal, ready-made meal, ready meal, frozen dinner, frozen meal and microwave meal) is a pre-packaged frozen or chilled meal that usually comes as an individual portion.
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Two-dimensional materials
2D Materials, sometimes referred to as single layer materials, are crystalline materials consisting of a single layer of atoms.
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Types of chocolate
Chocolate is a range of foods derived from cocoa (cacao), mixed with fat (e.g., cocoa butter) and finely powdered sugar to produce a solid confectionery.
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Ultra-processed food
Ultra-processed food is a concept devised by the Brazilian nutrition researcher Carlos Monteiro.
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Unconventional oil
Unconventional oil is petroleum produced or extracted using techniques other than the conventional (oil well) method.
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Unsaturated monomer
Unsaturated monomers are those having carbon–carbon double bonds.
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Urushibara nickel
Urushibara nickel is a nickel based hydrogenation catalyst, named after Yoshiyuki Urushibara.
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Vanaspati
Vanaspati (Devanagari: वनस्पति) is the Sanskrit word that now refers to the entire plant kingdom.
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Vegetable oil
Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are fats extracted from seeds, or less often, from other parts of fruits.
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Vegetable oil (disambiguation)
Vegetable oil is a liquid derived from plants.
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Vegetable oil recycling
Vegetable oil recycling is increasingly being carried out to produce a vegetable oil fuel.
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Vegetable oil refining
Vegetable oil refining is a process to transform vegetable oil into biofuel by hydrocracking or hydrogenation.
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Vegetable oils as alternative energy
Vegetable oils are increasingly used as a substitute for fossil fuels.
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Wallace Akers
Sir Wallace Alan Akers (9 September 1888 – 1 November 1954) was a British chemist and industrialist.
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Westfalen AG
Westfalen corporate headquarters, Industrieweg, Münster Westfalen AG, headquartered in Münster, Westphalia operates as a retailer in the liquefied petroleum gas (Westfalengas) and fuel sectors and as a manufacturer of industrial gases.
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Whale oil
Whale oil is oil obtained from the blubber of whales.
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Whaling in the United Kingdom
Commercial whaling in Britain began late in the 16th century and continued after the 1801 formation of the United Kingdom and intermittently until the middle of the 20th century.
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Whipped cream
Whipped cream is cream that is whipped by a whisk or mixer until it is light and fluffy.
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White chocolate
White chocolate is a chocolate derivative.
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White Christmas (food)
White Christmas is an Australian dessert.
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White spirit
White spirit (UK)Primarily in the United Kingdom.
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Whoppers
Whoppers are malted milk balls covered with an artificially flavored "chocolatey coating" produced by The Hershey Company.
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Wieland–Miescher ketone
The Wieland–Miescher ketone is a racemic bicyclic diketone (enedione) and is a versatile synthon which has so far been employed in the total synthesis of more than 50 natural products, predominantly sesquiterpenoids, diterpenes and steroids possessing possible biological properties including anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antineurodegenerative and immunomodulatory activities.
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Wilhelm Normann
Wilhelm Normann (16 January 1870, in Petershagen – 1 May 1939, in Chemnitz) (sometimes also spelled Norman) was a German chemist who introduced the hydrogenation of fats in 1901, creating what later became known as trans fats.
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Wilkinson's catalyst
Wilkinson's catalyst, is the common name for chloridotris(triphenylphosphane)rhodium(I), a coordination complex of rhodium with the formula RhCl(PPh3)3 (Ph.
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Xylitol
Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener.
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Xylose
Xylose (cf. ξύλον, xylon, "wood") is a sugar first isolated from wood, and named for it.
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Zaitsev's rule
Saytzeff's rule (or Zaitsev's rule, Saytzev's rule) is an empirical rule for predicting the favored alkene product(s) in elimination reactions.
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Zerovalent iron
Zerovalent iron and other zerovalent metals (ZVI and ZVM, respectively) have a variety of applications ranging from filters to electrodes to trenches.
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Zinc oxide
Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO.
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Zingerone
Zingerone, also called vanillylacetone, is thought by some to be a key component of the pungency of ginger, but imparts the "sweet" flavor of cooked ginger.
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Zirconium hydride
Zirconium hydride describes an alloy made by combining zirconium and hydrogen.
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(Benzene)chromium tricarbonyl
(Benzene)chromium tricarbonyl is an organometallic compound with the formula.
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1,2,4-Butanetriol
1,2,4-Butanetriol is a clear or slightly yellow, odorless, hygroscopic, flammable, viscous liquid.
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1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester
1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester is a plasticizer for the manufacture of flexible plastic articles in sensitive application areas such as toys, medical devices and food packaging.
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1,3-Cyclohexanedione
1,3-Cyclohexanedione is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)4(CO)2.
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1,3-Diaminopropane
1,3-Diaminopropane, also known as, is a simple diamine with the formula (CH2)3(NH2)2.
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1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is a chemical reaction between a 1,3-dipole and a dipolarophile to form a five-membered ring.
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1,4-Butanediol
1,4-Butanediol, colloquially known as BD, is the organic compound with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH.
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1,4-Butynediol
1,4-Butynediol is an organic compound that is an alkyne and a diol.
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1,4-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzene
1,4-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H3Cl2NO2.
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1,5-Pentanediol
1,5-Pentanediol is the organic compound with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH.
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1,6-Hexanediol
1,6-Hexanediol (HOCH2(CH2)4CH2OH) is a colorless crystalline solid that melts at 42 °C and boils at 250 °C.
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1-Decanol
1-Decanol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula C10H21OH.
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1-Hexanol
1-Hexanol is an organic alcohol with a six-carbon chain and a condensed structural formula of CH3(CH2)5OH.
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1-Propanol
1-Propanol is a primary alcohol with the formula CH3CH2CH2OH (sometimes represented as PrOH or n-PrOH).
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1-Tetradecanol
1-Tetradecanol, or commonly myristyl alcohol (from Myristica fragrans – the nutmeg plant), is a straight-chain saturated fatty alcohol, with the molecular formula C14H30O.
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11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone
11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone (11β-MNT) is a synthetic and orally active anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) and a derivative of nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) which was developed by the Contraceptive Development Branch (CDB) of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and has not been marketed at this time.
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18-electron rule
The 18-electron rule is a rule used primarily for predicting and rationalizing formulae for stable metal complexes, especially organometallic compounds.
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2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol is the organic compound with the formula CF3CH2OH.
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2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol
2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (CBDO) is an aliphatic diol.
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2,2,4,4-Tetramethylcyclobutanedione
2,2,4,4-Tetramethylcyclobutanedione is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)4C4O2.
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2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, also known as isooctane or iso-octane, is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)3CCH2CH(CH3)2.
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2,4-Diaminotoluene
2,4-Diaminotoluene is an organic compound with the formula C6H3(NH2)2CH3.
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2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene (DNT) or dinitro is an organic compound with the formula C7H6N2O4.
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2,4-Xylidine
2,4-Xylidine is an organic compound with the formula C6H3(CH3)2NH2.
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2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan
2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) is a heterocyclic organic compound, and is a derivative of a broader class of compounds known as furans.
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2,5-Dichloroaniline
2,5-Dichloroaniline is an organic compound with the formula C6H3Cl2NH2.
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2,5-Xylidine
2,5-Xylidine is an organic compound with the formula C6H3(CH3)2NH2.
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2,6-Dichloroaniline
2,6-Dichloroaniline is an organic compound with the formula C6H3Cl2(NH2).
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2,6-Xylidine
2,6-Xylidine is an organic compound with the formula C6H3(CH3)2NH2.
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2-Ethyl-1-butanol
2-Ethyl-1-butanol (IUPAC name: 2-ethylbutan-1-ol) is an organic chemical compound.
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2-Ethylanthraquinone
2-Ethylanthraquinone is an organic compound that is a derivative of anthraquinone.
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2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH(OH)CH3.
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2-Methyleneglutaronitrile
2-Methylene glutaronitrile is a dimerization product of acrylonitrile and a starting material for di- and triamines, for the biocide 2-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)pentanedinitrile and for heterocycles, such as 3-cyanopyridine.
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2-Methyltetrahydrofuran
2-Methyltetrahydrofuran is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH3C4H7O.
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2-Methylundecanal
2-Methylundecanal is an organic compound that is found naturally in kumquat peel oil.
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2-Pyrrolidone
2-Pyrrolidone is an organic compound consisting of a 5-membered lactam, making it the simplest γ-lactam.
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2-Tetralone
2-Tetralone is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C10H10O.
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2012 24 Hours of Nürburgring
The 2012 ADAC Zurich 24 Hours of Nürburgring was the 40th running of the 24 Hours of Nürburgring.
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2012 in science
The year 2012 involved many significant scientific events and discoveries, including the first orbital rendezvous by a commercial spacecraft, the discovery of a particle highly similar to the long-sought Higgs boson, and the near-eradication of guinea worm disease.
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24-Ethyl coprostanol
24-Ethyl coprostanol (24-ethyl 5β-cholestan-3β-ol) is a 29 carbon stanol formed from the biohydrogenation of β-sitosterol (24-ethyl cholest-5en-3β-ol, 24-ethyl cholesterol) in the gastrointestinal tract of most higher animals, especially herbivores.
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3,4-Xylidine
3,4-Xylidine is an organic compound with the formula C6H3(CH3)2NH2.
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3-Heptanone
3-Heptanone (butyl ethyl ketone), is a seven carbon ketone.
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3-Methyl-2-pentanone
3-Methyl-2-pentanone (methyl sec-butyl ketone) is an aliphatic ketone and isomer of 2-hexanone.
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4,4-Diaminodicyclohexylmethane
4,4-Diaminodicyclohexylmethane is the name for organic compounds with the formula CH2(C6H10NH2)2.
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4-Aminophenol
4-Aminophenol (or para-aminophenol or p-aminophenol) is the organic compound with the formula H2NC6H4OH.
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4-Chloroaniline
4-Chloroaniline is an organochlorine compound with the formula ClC6H4NH2.
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4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol
4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM, systematic name 4-methylcyclohexylmethanol) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H10CH2OH.
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4-Nitrotoluene
4-Nitrotoluene or para-nitrotoluene is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4NO2.
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9,10-Dihydroanthracene
9,10-Dihydroanthracene is an organic compound that is derived from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon anthracene.
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Biohydrogenation, Catalytic addition of hydrogen, Catalytic hydrogenation, Homogeneous hydrogenation catalysis, Hydrogenate, Hydrogenated, Hydrogenated Oils, Hydrogenated cooking oils, Hydrogenated fat, Hydrogenated oil, Hydrogenated protein, Hydrogenated vegetable oil, Hydrogenated vegetable oils, Hydrogenator, Hydroretorting, Hydroretorting process, Partially Hydrogenated Oils, Partially hydrogenated, Partially hydrogenated oil, Partially hydrogenated soybean oil, Partially hydrogenated vegetable oil, Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, Rhodium Catalyzed Hydrogenation, Rhodium catalyzed hydrogenation, Rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenation
