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268 relations: Abiogenesis, Aldosterone synthase, Alfacalcidol, Alkene, Allylestrenol, Amino acid, Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, Amobarbital, Amy Rosenzweig, Aromatase, Aromatase inhibitor, Aspergillic acid, Astrobiology, Astrochemistry, Atorvastatin, Aureusidin synthase, Azo dye, Base J, Benzalkonium chloride, Benzene, Bicalutamide, Biofouling, Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, Biosynthesis of doxorubicin, Biperiden, Brivaracetam, Caffeic acid, Calcifediol, Calcitriol, Calcium-binding EGF domain, Carbophenothion, Carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cyclase, Carnitine biosynthesis, Catechin, Catechol oxidase, Catecholamine, Chlormadinone acetate, Chlorogenic acid, Cholecalciferol, Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, Christopher J. Schofield, Cimetidine, Collagen, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, Congenital hypofibrinogenemia, Cosmic dust, Cosmochemistry, Costunolide, Coumarin, Cunninghamella echinulata, ..., CYP17A1, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP7B1, Cyproterone acetate, Cytochrome c, Cytochrome P450, Cytochrome P450 engineering, Cytosine, DEGS2, Dehydrogenase, Demegestone, Desogestrel, Diclazepam, Dimethocaine, Diphenyl ether, Discovery and development of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, Dodecaborate, Doxepin, Doxorubicin, Eastern blot, EGLN1, Entacapone, Ergocalciferol, Estradiol, Estradiol (medication), Estriol, Estriol (medication), Estrogen, Estrogen (medication), Estrone, Estrone (medication), Ethinylestradiol, Fenton's reagent, Fibrinogen, Finasteride, Flame retardant, Flufenamic acid, Fluoxymesterone, Flutamide, Fulvestrant, GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator, Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase, Geopolymer, Gestodene, Gestrinone, Glibenclamide, Glipizide, Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism, GTP cyclohydrolase I, Hadacidin, Heavy metals, Heme oxygenase, Hexabromocyclododecane, HIF1A, Hydroquinone, Hydroxylation of estradiol, Hydroxynorketamine, Hydroxyprogesterone caproate, Hydroxyproline, Hyperphenylalaninemia, Hypoxia-inducible factors, IDH1, Iminoglycinuria, Indoxyl sulfate, Interstellar ice, Interstellar medium, Iprindole, JMJD6, JWH-015, Ketamine, Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase, Lesinurad, Levonorgestrel, Lipid, List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules, List of MeSH codes (D08), List of MeSH codes (D12.776), List of MeSH codes (G06), List of MeSH codes (H01), Lofepramine, Lumiracoxib, Lurasidone, Lynestrenol, Lysyl hydroxylase, Maropitant, Medrogestone, Medroxyprogesterone acetate, Megestrol acetate, Melatonin, Mephenytoin, Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine, Metandienone, Methiocarb, Methoxsalen, Methyl salicylate, Methylenedioxypyrovalerone, Mianserin, Miller–Urey experiment, Mineral hydration, Mirtazapine, Mitochondrion, Monoterpene, MoOPH, MSMO1, Neopullulanase, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NIH shift, Nomegestrol acetate, Non-proteinogenic amino acids, Nonribosomal peptide, Nordoxepin, Norelgestromin, Norethisterone, Noretynodrel, Norgestimate, O-Toluidine, Omega oxidation, Oxamniquine, Oxidoreductase, Oxygen rebound mechanism, Oxymetholone, PAH world hypothesis, Panspermia, Parathyroid hormone, Peptide, Perillyl alcohol, Peter J. Davies, Pharmacology of bicalutamide, Phenazepam, Phenazopyridine, Pheniramine, Phenobarbital, Phenylalanine hydroxylase, Phenylpropanoid, Photographic processing, Phytane, Pinocembrin, Piroxicam, Pisatin, Polychlorinated biphenyl, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Polyphenol oxidase, Post-translational modification, Pregnenolone, Progesterone, Proline, Promegestone, Protein primary structure, Prunus, Psilocybin, Retroprogesterone, Ribociclib, Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides, Rimantadine, Sandmeyer reaction, Santonin, Scurvy, SDHB, Selegiline, Serotonin, Small interfering RNA, Spironolactone, Steroid, Steroid hydroxylase, Steroidal aromatase inhibitor, Stilbenoid, Strychnine, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Systemin, T-2 mycotoxin, Tafluprost, Talarozole, Tebufenpyrad, Testosterone, Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency, Tibolone, Tivozanib, Toluene toxicity, Tomatine, Topiramate, Toremifene, Triamterene, Trimegestone, Trimipramine, Tripelennamine, Tryptophan hydroxylase, Tyrosine hydroxylase, Umbellic acid, Umbelliferone, Vegetarian and vegan dog diet, Velpatasvir, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Von Hippel–Lindau disease, Xanthine dehydrogenase, Ximelagatran, Yuehchukene, Zafirlukast, Zinc, Zvi HaCohen, 15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate, 16α-Hydroxyprogesterone, 17α-Hydroxypregnenolone, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-Hydroxyestradiol, 2-Hydroxyestrone, 2012 in science, 20α,22R-Dihydroxycholesterol, 21-Hydroxylase, 22R-Hydroxycholesterol, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase, 3-Hydroxyaspartic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase, 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, 5-Hydroxyferulic acid, 5α-Dihydroethisterone, 6-APB. Expand index (218 more) »
Abiogenesis
Abiogenesis, or informally the origin of life,Compare: Also occasionally called biopoiesis.
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Aldosterone synthase
Aldosterone synthase is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone.
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Alfacalcidol
Alfacalcidol (or 1-hydroxycholecalciferol) is an analogue of vitamin D used for supplementation in humans and as a poultry feed additive.
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Alkene
In organic chemistry, an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon–carbon double bond.
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Allylestrenol
Allylestrenol, sold under the brand names Gestanin and Turinal among others, is a progestin medication which is used to treat recurrent and threatened miscarriage and to prevent premature labor in pregnant women.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
In enzymology, an aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are 2-aminomuconate 6-semialdehyde, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are 2-aminomuconate, NADH, and H+.
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Amobarbital
Amobarbital (formerly known as amylobarbitone or sodium amytal) is a drug that is a barbiturate derivative.
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Amy Rosenzweig
Amy C. Rosenzweig is a professor of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences at Northwestern University.
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Aromatase
Aromatase, also called estrogen synthetase or estrogen synthase, is an enzyme responsible for a key step in the biosynthesis of estrogens.
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Aromatase inhibitor
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are a class of drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women and gynecomastia in men.
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Aspergillic acid
Aspergillic acid is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C12H20N2O2.
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Astrobiology
Astrobiology is a branch of biology concerned with the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe.
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Astrochemistry
Astrochemistry is the study of the abundance and reactions of molecules in the Universe, and their interaction with radiation.
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Atorvastatin
Atorvastatin, marketed under the trade name Lipitor among others, is a member of the medication class known as statins, which are used primarily as a lipid-lowering agent and for prevention of events associated with cardiovascular disease.
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Aureusidin synthase
Aureusidin synthase (AmAS1) is an enzyme with systematic name 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone 4'-O-beta-D-glucoside:oxygen oxidoreductase.
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Azo dye
Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N.
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Base J
β-D-Glucopyranosyloxymethyluracil or base J is a hypermodified nucleobase found in the DNA of kinetoplastids including the human pathogenic trypanosomes.
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Benzalkonium chloride
Benzalkonium chloride, also known as BZK, BKC, BAC, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and ADBAC, is a type of cationic surfactant.
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Benzene
Benzene is an important organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H6.
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Bicalutamide
Bicalutamide, sold under the brand name Casodex among others, is an antiandrogen medication that is primarily used to treat prostate cancer.
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Biofouling
Biofouling or biological fouling is the accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, or animals on wetted surfaces.
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Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase
Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (AAAH) are a family of aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes which includes phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase, tyrosine 3-hydroxylase, and tryptophan 5-hydroxylase.
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Biosynthesis of doxorubicin
Doxorubicin (DXR) is a 14-hydroxylated version of daunorubicin, the immediate precursor of DXR in its biosynthetic pathway.
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Biperiden
Biperiden, sold under the brandname Akineton among others, is a medication used to treat Parkinson disease and certain drug-induced movement disorders.
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Brivaracetam
Brivaracetam (trade name Briviact), a chemical analog of levetiracetam, is a racetam derivative with anticonvulsant (antiepileptic) properties.
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Caffeic acid
Caffeic acid is an organic compound that is classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid.
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Calcifediol
Calcifediol (INN), also known as calcidiol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D (abbreviated 25(OH)D), is a prehormone that is produced in the liver by hydroxylation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) by the enzyme cholecalciferol 25-hydroxylase which was isolated by Michael F. Holick.
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Calcitriol
Calcitriol (INN), also called 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, or 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and other variants, is the hormonally active metabolite of vitamin D which has three hydroxyl groups.
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Calcium-binding EGF domain
In molecular biology, the calcium-binding EGF domain is a conserved domain of about forty amino-acid residues found in epidermal growth factor (EGF).
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Carbophenothion
Carbophenothion also known as Stauffer R 1303 as for the manufacturer, Stauffer Chemical, is an organophosphorus chemical compound.
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Carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cyclase
In enzymology, a carboxy-cis,cis-muconate cyclase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 3-carboxy-2,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-acetate, and one product, 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate.
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Carnitine biosynthesis
Carnitine biosynthesis is a method for the endogenous production of L-carnitine, a molecule that is essential for energy metabolism.
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Catechin
Catechin is a flavan-3-ol, a type of natural phenol and antioxidant.
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Catechol oxidase
Catechol oxidase is a copper oxidase that contains a type 3 di-copper cofactor and catalyzes the oxidation of ortho-diphenols into ortho-quinones coupled with the reduction of molecular oxygen to water.
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Catecholamine
A catecholamine (CA) is a monoamine, an organic compound that has a catechol (benzene with two hydroxyl side groups at carbons 1 and 2) and a side-chain amine.
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Chlormadinone acetate
Chlormadinone acetate (CMA), sold under the brand names Belara, Lutéran, and Prostal among others, is a progestin and antiandrogen medication which is used in birth control pills to prevent pregnancy, as a component of menopausal hormone therapy, and in the treatment of gynecological disorders as well as androgen-dependent conditions like enlarged prostate and prostate cancer in men and acne and hirsutism in women.
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Chlorogenic acid
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is the ester of caffeic acid and (−)-quinic acid, functioning as an intermediate in lignin biosynthesis.
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Cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol, also known as vitamin D3 and colecalciferol, is a type of vitamin D which is made by the skin, found in some foods, and taken as a dietary supplement.
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Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme is commonly referred to as P450scc, where "scc" is an acronym for side-chain cleavage.
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Christopher J. Schofield
Christopher Joseph Schofield (also known as Chris Schofield) is the Head of Organic Chemistry at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of the Royal Society.
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Cimetidine
Cimetidine, sold under the brand name Tagamet among others, is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production.
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Collagen
Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in animal bodies.
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OH CAH), in all its forms, accounts for over 95% of diagnosed cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and "CAH" in most contexts refers to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
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Congenital hypofibrinogenemia
Congenital hypofibrinogenemia is a rare disorder in which one of the two genes responsible for producing fibrinogen, a critical blood clotting factor, is unable to make a functional fibrinogen glycoprotein because of an inherited mutation.
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Cosmic dust
Cosmic dust, also called extraterrestrial dust or space dust, is dust which exists in outer space, as well as all over planet Earth.
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Cosmochemistry
Cosmochemistry (from Greek κόσμος kósmos, "universe" and χημεία khemeía) or chemical cosmology is the study of the chemical composition of matter in the universe and the processes that led to those compositions.
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Costunolide
(+)-Costunolide is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, first isolated in Saussurea costus roots in 1960.
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Coumarin
Coumarin (2H-chromen-2-one) is a fragrant organic chemical compound in the benzopyrone chemical class, although it may also be seen as a subclass of lactones.
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Cunninghamella echinulata
Cunninghamella echinulata is a fungal species in the genus Cunninghamella. It is an asexually reproducing fungus and a mesophile, preferring intermediate temperature ranges.
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CYP17A1
Cytochrome P450 17A1, also called steroid 17α-monooxygenase, 17α-hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase, or 17,20-desmolase, is an enzyme of the hydroxylase type that in humans is encoded by the CYP17A1 gene on chromosome 10.
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CYP2D6
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2D6 gene.
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CYP3A4
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine.
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CYP7B1
25-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase also known as oxysterol and steroid 7-alpha-hydroxylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP7B1 gene.
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Cyproterone acetate
Cyproterone acetate (CPA), sold alone under the brand name Androcur or with ethinylestradiol (EE) under the brand names Diane or Diane-35 among others, is an antiandrogen and progestogen which is used in the treatment of androgen-dependent conditions like acne, excessive hair growth, early puberty, and prostate cancer, as a component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women, and in birth control pills.
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Cytochrome c
The cytochrome complex, or cyt c is a small hemeprotein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
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Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are proteins of the superfamily containing heme as a cofactor and, therefore, are hemoproteins.
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Cytochrome P450 engineering
This article covers protein engineering of cytochrome (CYP) P450 enzymes.
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Cytosine
Cytosine (C) is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).
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DEGS2
Delta(4)-desaturase, sphingolipid 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEGS2 gene.
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Dehydrogenase
A dehydrogenase (also called DH or DHase in the literature) is an enzyme belonging to the group of oxidoreductases that oxidizes a substrate by reducing an electron acceptor, usually NAD+/NADP+ or a flavin coenzyme such as FAD or FMN.
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Demegestone
Demegestone, sold under the brand name Lutionex, is a progestin medication which was previously used to treat luteal insufficiency but is now no longer marketed.
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Desogestrel
Desogestrel, sold under the brand names Cerazette and Mircette among many others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills for women.
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Diclazepam
Diclazepam (Ro5-3448), also known as chlorodiazepam and 2'-chloro-diazepam, is a benzodiazepine and functional analog of diazepam.
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Dimethocaine
Dimethocaine, also known as DMC or larocaine, is a compound with a stimulatory effect.
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Diphenyl ether
Diphenyl ether is the organic compound with the formula (C6H5)2O.
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Discovery and development of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors) are enzyme inhibitors that inhibit the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).
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Dodecaborate
Dodecaborate (or closo-dodecaborate, or dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate) is an ionic molecule containing a symmetrical cluster of boron and hydrogen atoms with the molecular formula B12H.
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Doxepin
Doxepin is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used as a pill to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic hives, and for short-term help with trouble remaining asleep after going to bed (a form of insomnia).
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Doxorubicin
Doxorubicin, sold under the trade names Adriamycin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer.
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Eastern blot
The eastern blot is a biochemical technique used to analyze protein post translational modifications (PTM) such as lipids, phosphomoieties and glycoconjugates.
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EGLN1
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 2 (HIF-PH2), or prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2), is an enzyme encoded by the EGLN1 gene.
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Entacapone
Entacapone, sold under the brand name Comtan among others, is a medication commonly used in combination with other medications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Ergocalciferol
Ergocalciferol, also known as vitamin D2 and calciferol, is a type of vitamin D found in food and used as a dietary supplement.
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Estradiol
Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone.
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Estradiol (medication)
Estradiol, also spelled oestradiol, is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone.
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Estriol
Estriol (E3), also spelled oestriol, is a steroid, a weak estrogen, and a minor female sex hormone.
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Estriol (medication)
Estriol, sold under the brand name Ovestin among others, is an estrogen medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone which is used in menopausal hormone therapy.
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Estrogen
Estrogen, or oestrogen, is the primary female sex hormone.
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Estrogen (medication)
An estrogen is a type of medication which is used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy.
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Estrone
Estrone (E1), also spelled oestrone, is a steroid, a weak estrogen, and a minor female sex hormone.
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Estrone (medication)
Estrone, sold under the brand names Estragyn, Kestrin, and Theelin among many others, is an estrogen medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone which has been used in menopausal hormone therapy and for other indications.
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Ethinylestradiol
Ethinylestradiol (EE) is an estrogen medication which is used widely in birth control pills in combination with progestins.
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Fenton's reagent
Fenton's reagent is a solution of hydrogen peroxide with ferrous iron as a catalyst that is used to oxidize contaminants or waste waters.
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Fibrinogen
Fibrinogen (factor I) is a glycoprotein that in vertebrates circulates in the blood.
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Finasteride
Finasteride, sold under the brand names Proscar and Propecia among others, is a medication used mainly to treat an enlarged prostate or scalp hair loss in men.
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Flame retardant
The term flame retardants subsumes a diverse group of chemicals which are added to manufactured materials, such as plastics and textiles, and surface finishes and coatings.
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Flufenamic acid
Flufenamic acid is a member of the anthranilic acid derivatives (or fenamate) class of NSAID drugs Like other members of the class, it is a COX inhibitor and prevents formation of prostaglandins.
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Fluoxymesterone
Fluoxymesterone, sold under the brand names Halotestin and Ultandren among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used in the treatment of low testosterone levels in men, delayed puberty in boys, breast cancer in women, and anemia. It is taken by mouth. Side effects of fluoxymesterone include symptoms of masculinization like acne, increased hair growth, voice changes, and increased sexual desire. It can also cause liver damage and cardiovascular side effects like high blood pressure. The drug is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It has strong androgenic effects and moderate anabolic effects, which make it useful for producing masculinization. Fluoxymesterone was first described in 1956 and was introduced for medical use in 1957. In addition to its medical use, fluoxymesterone is used to improve physique and performance. The drug is a controlled substance in many countries and so non-medical use is generally illicit.
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Flutamide
Flutamide, sold under the brand name Eulexin among others, is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) which is used primarily to treat prostate cancer.
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Fulvestrant
Fulvestrant, sold under the brand name Faslodex among others, is a medication used to treat hormone receptor (HR)-positive metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women with disease progression as well as HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer in combination with palbociclib in women with disease progression after endocrine therapy.
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GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
In pharmacology, GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators are positive allosteric modulator (PAM) molecules that increase the activity of the GABAA receptor protein in the vertebrate central nervous system.
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Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase
Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (also known as BBOX, GBBH or γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BBOX1 gene.
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Geopolymer
Geopolymers are inorganic, typically ceramic, materials that form long-range, covalently bonded, non-crystalline (amorphous) networks.
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Gestodene
Gestodene, sold under the brand names Femodene and Minulet among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills for women.
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Gestrinone
Gestrinone, sold under the brand names Dimetrose and Nemestran among others, is a medication which is used in the treatment of endometriosis.
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Glibenclamide
Glibenclamide, also known as glyburide, is an antidiabetic drug in a class of medications known as sulfonylureas, closely related to sulfonamide antibiotics.
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Glipizide
Glipizide is an oral rapid- and short-acting anti-diabetic medication from the sulfonylurea class.
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Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism
Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism (GRA), also describable as aldosterone synthase hyperactivity, is an autosomal dominant disorder in which the increase in aldosterone secretion produced by ACTH is no longer transient.
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GTP cyclohydrolase I
GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH) is a member of the GTP cyclohydrolase family of enzymes.
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Hadacidin
Hadacidin, and hadacidin analogues, have anticancer activity and activity against adenylosuccinate synthetase.
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Heavy metals
Heavy metals are generally defined as metals with relatively high densities, atomic weights, or atomic numbers.
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Heme oxygenase
Heme oxygenase or haem oxygenase (HO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of heme.
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Hexabromocyclododecane
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD or HBCDD) is a brominated flame retardant.
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HIF1A
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, also known as HIF-1-alpha, is a subunit of a heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) that is encoded by the HIF1A gene.
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Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone, also benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.
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Hydroxylation of estradiol
The hydroxylation of estradiol is one of the major routes of metabolism of the estrogen steroid hormone estradiol.
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Hydroxynorketamine
Hydroxynorketamine (HNK), or 6-hydroxynorketamine, is a minor metabolite of the anesthetic, dissociative, and antidepressant drug ketamine.
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Hydroxyprogesterone caproate
Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (OHPC), sold under the brand names Proluton and Makena among others, is a progestin medication which is used to prevent preterm birth in pregnant women with a history of the condition and to treat gynecological disorders.
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Hydroxyproline
(2S,4R)-4-Hydroxyproline, or L-hydroxyproline (C5H9O3N), is a common non-proteinogenic amino acid, abbreviated as Hyp, e.g., in Protein Data Bank.
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Hyperphenylalaninemia
Hyperphenylalaninemia is a medical condition characterized by mildly or strongly elevated concentrations of the amino acid phenylalanine in the blood.
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Hypoxia-inducible factors
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that respond to decreases in available oxygen in the cellular environment, or hypoxia.
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IDH1
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the IDH1 gene on chromosome 2.
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Iminoglycinuria
Iminoglycinuria, sometimes called familial iminoglycinuria, is an autosomal recessive disorder of renal tubular transport affecting reabsorption of the amino acid glycine, and the imino acids proline and hydroxyproline.
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Indoxyl sulfate
Indoxyl sulfate, also known as 3-indoxylsulfate and 3-indoxylsulfuric acid, is a metabolite of dietary that acts as a cardiotoxin and uremic toxin.
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Interstellar ice
Interstellar ice consists of grains of volatiles in the ice phase that form in the interstellar medium.
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Interstellar medium
In astronomy, the interstellar medium (ISM) is the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy.
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Iprindole
Iprindole, sold under the brand names Prondol, Galatur, and Tertran, is an atypical tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that has been used in the United Kingdom and Ireland for the treatment of depression but appears to no longer be marketed.
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JMJD6
Bifunctional arginine demethylase and lysyl-hydroxylase JMJD6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the JMJD6 gene.
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JWH-015
JWH-015 is a chemical from the naphthoylindole family that acts as a subtype-selective cannabinoid agonist.
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Ketamine
Ketamine, sold under the brand name Ketalar among others, is a medication mainly used for starting and maintaining anesthesia.
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Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase
In enzymology, a kynurenine 3-monooxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase is the expression product of the KMO (gene).
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Lesinurad
Lesinurad (brand name Zurampic) is a urate transporter inhibitor for treating hyperuricemia associated with gout.
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Levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel is a hormonal medication which is used in a number of birth control methods.
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Lipid
In biology and biochemistry, a lipid is a biomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents.
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List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
This is a list of molecules that have been detected in the interstellar medium and circumstellar envelopes, grouped by the number of component atoms.
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List of MeSH codes (D08)
This is the fourth part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.
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List of MeSH codes (D12.776)
This is part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.
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List of MeSH codes (G06)
The following is a list of the "G" codes for MeSH.
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List of MeSH codes (H01)
The following is a list of the "H" codes for MeSH.
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Lofepramine
Lofepramine, sold under the brand names Gamanil, Lomont, and Tymelyt among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which is used to treat depression.
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Lumiracoxib
Lumiracoxib (rINN) is a carboxylic acid COX-2 selective inhibitor nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, manufactured by Novartis and still sold in few countries, including Mexico, Ecuador and the Dominican Republic, under the trade name Prexige (sometimes misquoted as "Prestige" by the media).
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Lurasidone
Lurasidone (trade name Latuda) is an atypical antipsychotic developed by Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma and marketed by Sunovion in the U.S. It has been an FDA approved treatment for schizophrenia since 2010 and for treating depressive episodes in adults with bipolar I disorder since 2013.
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Lynestrenol
Lynestrenol, sold under the brand names Exluton and Ministat among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills and in the treatment of gynecological disorders.
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Lysyl hydroxylase
Lysyl hydroxylases (or procollagen-lysine 5-dioxygenases) are alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases enzymes that catalyze the hydroxylation of lysine to hydroxylysine.
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Maropitant
Maropitant (INN, trade name Cerenia, used as maropitant citrate (USAN), is a neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist, which was developed by Zoetis specifically for the treatment of motion sickness and vomiting in dogs. It was approved by the FDA in 2007 for use in dogs, and in 2012 for cats. Maropitant also has mild pain-relieving, anti-anxiety, and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Medrogestone
Medrogestone, sold under the brand name Colprone among others, is a progestin medication which has been used in menopausal hormone therapy and in the treatment of gynecological disorders.
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Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), sold under the brand name Depo-Provera among others, is a hormonal medication of the progestin type.
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Megestrol acetate
Megestrol acetate (MGA), sold under the brand name Megace among others, is a progestin medication which is used mainly as an appetite stimulant to treat wasting syndromes such as cachexia.
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Melatonin
Melatonin, also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine, is a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland in animals and regulates sleep and wakefulness.
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Mephenytoin
Mephenytoin (marketed as Mesantoin by Novartis) is a hydantoin, used as an anticonvulsant.
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Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine
meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) is a psychoactive drug of the phenylpiperazine class.
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Metandienone
Metandienone, also known as methandienone or methandrostenolone and sold under the brand name Dianabol among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is mostly no longer used.
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Methiocarb
Methiocarb is a carbamate pesticide which is used as a bird repellent, insecticide, acaricide and molluscicide since the 1960s.
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Methoxsalen
Methoxsalen (also called xanthotoxin, marketed under the trade names Oxsoralen, Deltasoralen, Meladinine) is a drug used to treat psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo, and some cutaneous lymphomas in conjunction with exposing the skin to UVA light from lamps or sunlight.
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Methyl salicylate
Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen or wintergreen oil) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(OH)(CO2CH3).
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Methylenedioxypyrovalerone
Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a stimulant of the cathinone class which acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI).
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Mianserin
Mianserin, sold under the brand name Tolvon among others, is an atypical antidepressant which is used in the treatment of depression in Europe and elsewhere in the world.
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Miller–Urey experiment
The Miller–Urey experiment (or Miller experiment) was a chemical experiment that simulated the conditions thought at the time to be present on the early Earth, and tested the chemical origin of life under those conditions.
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Mineral hydration
Mineral hydration is an inorganic chemical reaction where water is added to the crystal structure of a mineral, usually creating a new mineral, usually called a hydrate.
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Mirtazapine
Mirtazapine, sold under the brand name Remeron among others, is an atypical antidepressant which is used primarily in the treatment of depression.
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Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.
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Monoterpene
Monoterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of two isoprene units and have the molecular formula C10H16.
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MoOPH
MoOPH, also known as oxodiperoxymolybdenum(pyridine)-(hexamethylphosphoric triamide), is a reagent used in organic synthesis.
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MSMO1
Methylsterol monooxygenase 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSMO1 gene.
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Neopullulanase
Neopullulanase (pullulanase II) is an enzyme of the alpha-amylase family with systematic name pullulan 4-D-glucanohydrolase (panose-forming).
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, which require NADPH as a reducing agent.
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NIH shift
An NIH shift is a chemical rearrangement where a hydrogen atom on an aromatic ring undergoes an intramolecular migration primarily during a hydroxylation reaction.
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Nomegestrol acetate
Nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC), sold under the brand names Lutenyl and Zoely among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills, menopausal hormone therapy, and for the treatment of gynecological disorders.
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Non-proteinogenic amino acids
In biochemistry, non-coded or non-proteinogenic amino acids are those not naturally encoded or found in the genetic code of any organism.
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Nonribosomal peptide
Nonribosomal peptides (NRP) are a class of peptide secondary metabolites, usually produced by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.
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Nordoxepin
Nordoxepin, also known as N-desmethyldoxepin, is the major active metabolite of the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) doxepin (Sinequan). It has been found to play a significant role in the antidepressant effects of doxepin. Nordoxepin is a mixture of (''E'') and (''Z'') stereoisomers. Whereas pharmaceutical doxepin is supplied in an approximate 85:15 ratio mixture of (E)- and (Z)-stereoisomers and plasma concentrations of doxepin remain roughly the same as this ratio with treatment, plasma levels of the (E)- and (Z)-stereoisomers of nordoxepin, due to stereoselective metabolism of doxepin by cytochrome P450 enzymes, are approximately 1:1. Nordoxepin is pharmacologically active similarly to doxepin, but relative to doxepin, is much more potent and selective as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. In general, the demethylated variants of tertiary amine TCAs like doxepin are much more potent inhibitors of norepinephrine reuptake, less potent inhibitors of serotonin reuptake, and less potent in their antiadrenergic, antihistamine, and anticholinergic activities. Nordoxepin is formed from doxepin mainly by CYP2C19 (>50% contribution), while CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 are involved to a lesser extent, and CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 are not involved. Hydroxylation of doxepin and nordoxepin is mediated mainly by CYP2D6. Total exposures to both doxepin and nordoxepin differ by almost 10-fold in CYP2D6 ultra-rapid versus poor metabolizers. Both doxepin and nordoxepin are also transformed into glucuronide conjugates. The elimination half-life of nordoxepin is approximately 31 hours, which is almost twice that of doxepin (mean 17 hours).
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Norelgestromin
Norelgestromin, or norelgestromine, sold under the brand names Evra and Ortho Evra among others, is a progestin medication which is used as a method of birth control for women.
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Norethisterone
Norethisterone, also known as norethindrone and sold under the brand names Aygestin and Primolut N among many others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills, menopausal hormone therapy, and for the treatment of gynecological disorders.
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Noretynodrel
Noretynodrel, or norethynodrel, sold under the brand name Enovid among others, is a progestin medication which was previously used in birth control pills and in the treatment of gynecological disorders but is now no longer marketed. It was available both alone and in combination with an estrogen. The medication is taken by mouth. Noretynodrel is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It is a relatively weak progestogen. The medication has weak estrogenic activity, no or only very weak androgenic activity, and no other important hormonal activity. It is a prodrug of various active metabolites in the body, such as norethisterone among others. Noretynodrel was introduced for medical use in 1957. It was specifically approved at this time in combination with mestranol for the treatment of gynecological and menstrual disorders. Subsequently, in 1960, this formulation was approved for use as a birth control pill. It was the first birth control pill to be introduced, and was followed by birth control pills containing norethisterone and other progestins shortly thereafter. Due to its nature as a relatively weak progestogen, noretynodrel is no longer used in medicine. As such, it is no longer marketed.
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Norgestimate
Norgestimate, sold under the brand names Ortho Tri-Cyclen and Previfem among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills for women and in menopausal hormone therapy.
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O-Toluidine
o-Toluidine (ortho-toluidine) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C7H9N.
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Omega oxidation
Omega oxidation (ω-oxidation) is a process of fatty acid metabolism in some species of animals.
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Oxamniquine
Oxamniquine, sold under the brand name Vansil among others, is a medication used to treat schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma mansoni.
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Oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor.
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Oxygen rebound mechanism
In biochemistry, the oxygen rebound mechanism is the pathway for hydroxylation of organic compounds by iron-containing oxygenases.
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Oxymetholone
Oxymetholone, sold under the brand names Anadrol and Anapolon among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used primarily in the treatment of anemia.
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PAH world hypothesis
The PAH world hypothesis is a speculative hypothesis that proposes that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), known to be abundant in the universe, including in comets, and, as well, assumed to be abundant in the primordial soup of the early Earth, played a major role in the origin of life by mediating the synthesis of RNA molecules, leading into the RNA world.
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Panspermia
Panspermia is the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed by space dust, meteoroids, asteroids, comets, planetoids, and also by spacecraft carrying unintended contamination by microorganisms.
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Parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also called parathormone or parathyrin, is a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that is important in bone remodeling, which is an ongoing process in which bone tissue is alternately resorbed and rebuilt over time.
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Peptide
Peptides (from Gr.: πεπτός, peptós "digested"; derived from πέσσειν, péssein "to digest") are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds.
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Perillyl alcohol
Perillyl alcohol (IUPAC name: methanol) and its precursor limonene are naturally occurring monocyclic terpenes derived from the mevalonate pathway in plants.
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Peter J. Davies
Peter John Davies is a professor emeritus of Plant Physiology in the Departments of Plant Biology and Horticulture at Cornell University who is notable for his work on plant development, plant hormones, and in educating the public on agricultural technology and genetically-modified organisms (GMOs) as a Jefferson Science Fellow from 2011-2014.
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Pharmacology of bicalutamide
The pharmacology of bicalutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA), has been well-characterized.
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Phenazepam
Phenazepam (also known in Russia as bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine) is a benzodiazepine drug, which was developed in the Soviet Union in 1975, and now produced in Russia and some CIS countries.
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Phenazopyridine
Phenazopyridine is a chemical which, when excreted into the urine, has a local analgesic effect.
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Pheniramine
Pheniramine (INN, trade name Avil, among others) is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever or urticaria.
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Phenobarbital
Phenobarbital, also known as phenobarbitone or phenobarb, is a medication recommended by the World Health Organization for the treatment of certain types of epilepsy in developing countries.
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Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of the aromatic side-chain of phenylalanine to generate tyrosine.
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Phenylpropanoid
The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are synthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine.
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Photographic processing
Photographic processing or development is the chemical means by which photographic film or paper is treated after photographic exposure to produce a negative or positive image.
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Phytane
Phytane is a type of diterpenoid alkane.
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Pinocembrin
Pinocembrin is a flavanone, a type of flavonoid.
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Piroxicam
Piroxicam (INN, BAN, USAN, AAN; in some countries it is spelled piroksikam or piroxikam) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the oxicam class used to relieve the symptoms of painful, inflammatory conditions like arthritis.
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Pisatin
Pisatin (3-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4',5'-methylenedioxy-chromanocoumarane) is the major phytoalexin made by the pea plant Pisum sativum.
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Polychlorinated biphenyl
A polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) is an organic chlorine compound with the formula C12H10−xClx.
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, also polyaromatic hydrocarbons or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) are hydrocarbons—organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen—that are composed of multiple aromatic rings (organic rings in which the electrons are delocalized).
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Polyphenol oxidase
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO; also monophenol monooxygenase or polyphenol oxidase i, chloroplastic) is a tetramer that contains four atoms of copper per molecule, and binding sites for two aromatic compounds and oxygen.
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Post-translational modification
Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent and generally enzymatic modification of proteins following protein biosynthesis.
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Pregnenolone
Pregnenolone (P5), or pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one, is an endogenous steroid and precursor/metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of most of the steroid hormones, including the progestogens, androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids.
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Progesterone
Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.
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Proline
Proline (symbol Pro or P) is a proteinogenic amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Promegestone
Promegestone, sold under the brand name Surgestone, is a progestin medication which is used in menopausal hormone therapy and in the treatment of gynecological disorders.
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Protein primary structure
Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein.
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Prunus
Prunus is a genus of trees and shrubs, which includes the plums, cherries, peaches, nectarines, apricots, and almonds.
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Psilocybin
Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic prodrug compound produced by more than 200 species of mushrooms, collectively known as psilocybin mushrooms.
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Retroprogesterone
Retroprogesterone, also known as 9β,10α-progesterone or as 9β,10α-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, is a progestin which was never marketed.
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Ribociclib
Ribociclib (trade name Kisqali) is an inhibitor of cyclin D1/CDK4 and CDK6, and is used for the treatment of certain kinds of breast cancer.
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Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), also known as ribosomal natural products, are a diverse class of natural products of ribosomal origin.
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Rimantadine
Rimantadine (INN, sold under the trade name Flumadine) is an orally administered antiviral drug used to treat, and in rare cases prevent, influenzavirus A infection.
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Sandmeyer reaction
The Sandmeyer reaction is a chemical reaction used to synthesize aryl halides from aryl diazonium salts.
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Santonin
Santonin is a drug which was widely used in the past as an anthelminthic, a drug that expels parasitic worms (helminths) by paralyzing them, which allows them to be passed out of the body.
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Scurvy
Scurvy is a disease resulting from a lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
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SDHB
Succinate dehydrogenase iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial (SDHB) also known as iron-sulfur subunit of complex II (Ip) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SDHB gene.
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Selegiline
Selegiline, also known as L-deprenyl, is a substituted phenethylamine.
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Serotonin
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.
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Small interfering RNA
Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of double-stranded RNA molecules, 20-25 base pairs in length, similar to miRNA, and operating within the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway.
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Spironolactone
Spironolactone, sold under the brand name Aldactone among others, is a medication that is primarily used to treat fluid build-up due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease.
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Steroid
A steroid is a biologically active organic compound with four rings arranged in a specific molecular configuration.
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Steroid hydroxylase
A steroid hydroxylase is a class of hydroxylase enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of steroids.
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Steroidal aromatase inhibitor
Steroidal aromatase inhibitors are a class of drugs that are mostly used for treating breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
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Stilbenoid
Stilbenoids are hydroxylated derivatives of stilbene.
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Strychnine
Strychnine (also or) is a highly toxic, colorless, bitter, crystalline alkaloid used as a pesticide, particularly for killing small vertebrates such as birds and rodents.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), also known simply as lupus, is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body.
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Systemin
Systemin is a plant peptide hormone involved in the wound response in the Solanaceae family.
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T-2 mycotoxin
T-2 Mycotoxin (pronounced as 'Tee-Two') is a trichothecene mycotoxin.
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Tafluprost
Tafluprost (trade names Taflotan by Santen Pharmaceutical and Zioptan by Merck in the US) is a prostaglandin analogue.
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Talarozole
Talarozole (formerly R115866, planned trade name Rambazole) was an investigational drug for the treatment of acne, psoriasis and other keratinization disorders.
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Tebufenpyrad
Tebufenpyrad is an insecticide and acaricide widely used in greenhouses.
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Testosterone
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid.
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Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency
Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency (THBD, BH4D), also called THB or BH4 deficiency, is a rare metabolic disorder that increases the blood levels of phenylalanine.
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Tibolone
Tibolone, sold under the brand names Livial and Tibofem among others, is a medication which is used in menopausal hormone therapy and in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and endometriosis.
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Tivozanib
Tivozanib (trade name Fotivda) is an oral VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
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Toluene toxicity
Toluene toxicity refers to the harmful effects caused by toluene on the body.
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Tomatine
Tomatine (sometimes called tomatin or lycopersicin) is a glycoalkaloid, found in the stems and leaves of tomato plants, and in the fruits at much lower concentrations.
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Topiramate
Topiramate (brand name Topamax) is an anticonvulsant (antiepilepsy) drug.
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Toremifene
Toremifene, sold under the brand name Fareston among others, is a medication which is used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
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Triamterene
Triamterene (trade name Dyrenium) is a potassium-sparing diuretic used in combination with thiazide diuretics for the treatment of hypertension and edema.
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Trimegestone
Trimegestone, sold under the brand names Ondeva and Totelle among others, is a progestin medication which is used in menopausal hormone therapy and in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Trimipramine
Trimipramine, sold under the brand name Surmontil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which is used to treat depression.
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Tripelennamine
Tripelennamine, sold under the brand name Pyribenzamine by Novartis, is a drug that is used as an antipruritic and first-generation antihistamine.
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Tryptophan hydroxylase
Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
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Tyrosine hydroxylase
Tyrosine hydroxylase or tyrosine 3-monooxygenase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA).
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Umbellic acid
Umbellic acid (2,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) is a hydroxycinnamic acid.
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Umbelliferone
Umbelliferone, also known as 7-hydroxycoumarin, hydrangine, skimmetine, and beta-umbelliferone, is a natural product of the coumarin family.
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Vegetarian and vegan dog diet
Like the human practice of veganism, vegan dog foods are those formulated with the exclusion of ingredients that contain or were processed with any part of an animal, or any animal byproduct.
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Velpatasvir
Velpatasvir is an NS5A inhibitor (by Gilead) which is used together with sofosbuvir in the treatment of hepatitis C infection of all six major genotypes.
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Vitamin C
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.
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Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and multiple other biological effects.
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Von Hippel–Lindau disease
von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL), also known as Familial cerebello retinal angiomatosis, is a rare genetic disorder with multisystem involvement.
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Xanthine dehydrogenase
Xanthine dehydrogenase, also known as XDH, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XDH gene.
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Ximelagatran
Ximelagatran (Exanta or Exarta, H 376/95) is an anticoagulant that has been investigated extensively as a replacement for warfarin that would overcome the problematic dietary, drug interaction, and monitoring issues associated with warfarin therapy.
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Yuehchukene
Yuehchukene is a dimeric indole alkaloid natural product that possesses anti-fertility and estrogenic activities.
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Zafirlukast
Zafirlukast is an orally administered leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) used for the chronic treatment of asthma.
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Zinc
Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.
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Zvi HaCohen
Prof.
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15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate
15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate (15β-OH-CPA) is a steroidal antiandrogen and the major metabolite of cyproterone acetate which is formed from it in the liver by hydroxylation via the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4.
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16α-Hydroxyprogesterone
16α-Hydroxyprogesterone (16α-OHP), also known as 16α-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, is a minor endogenous progestogen steroid hormone and a metabolite of progesterone that is formed in lower amounts than 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP).
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17α-Hydroxypregnenolone
17α-Hydroxypregnenolone is a pregnane (C21) steroid that is obtained by hydroxylation of pregnenolone at the C17α position.
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2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (usually called 2,4-D) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H6Cl2O3.
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2-Hydroxyestradiol
2-Hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2), also known as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-2,3,17β-triol, is an endogenous steroid, catechol estrogen, and metabolite of estradiol, as well as a positional isomer of estriol.
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2-Hydroxyestrone
2-Hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1), also known as estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-2,3-diol-17-one, is an endogenous, naturally occurring catechol estrogen and a major metabolite of estrone and estradiol.
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2012 in science
The year 2012 involved many significant scientific events and discoveries, including the first orbital rendezvous by a commercial spacecraft, the discovery of a particle highly similar to the long-sought Higgs boson, and the near-eradication of guinea worm disease.
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20α,22R-Dihydroxycholesterol
20α,22R-Dihydroxycholesterol, or (3β)-cholest-5-ene-3,20,22-triol is an endogenous, metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the steroid hormones from cholesterol.
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21-Hydroxylase
Steroid 21-hydroxylase, also called steroid 21-monooxygenase, 21α-Hydroxylase, P450 21A2, and, less commonly 21β-Hydroxylase, is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that is involved with the biosynthesis of the steroid hormones aldosterone and cortisol.
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22R-Hydroxycholesterol
22R-Hydroxycholesterol, or (3β)-cholest-5-ene-3,22-diol is an endogenous, metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the steroid hormones from cholesterol.
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25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase
25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase (VD3 1A hydroxylase) also known as cytochrome p450 27B1 (CYP27B1) or simply 1-alpha-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP27B1 gene.
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3-Hydroxyaspartic acid
3-Hydroxyaspartic acid (three letter abbreviation: Hya) also known as beta-hydroxyaspartic acid is derivative of aspartic acid which has been hydroxylated at position-3.
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4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase
The enzyme 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase, also commonly referred to as para-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (PHBH), is a flavoprotein belonging to the family of oxidoreductases.
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4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), also known as α-ketoisocaproate dioxygenase (KIC dioxygenase), is an Fe(II)-containing non-heme oxygenase that catalyzes the second reaction in the catabolism of tyrosine - the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate.
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5-Hydroxyferulic acid
5-Hydroxyferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid.
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5α-Dihydroethisterone
5α-Dihydroethisterone (5α-DHET; developmental code name HE-3562) is an active metabolite of the formerly clinically used but now-discontinued progestin ethisterone and the experimental and never-marketed hormonal antineoplastic agent ethynylandrostanediol (HE-3235).
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6-APB
6-APB (6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran) is an empathogenic psychoactive compound of the substituted benzofuran, substituted amphetamine and substituted phenethylamine classes.
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Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylases, Beta-hydroxylation, Dehydroxylated, Dehydroxylation, Hydroxylase, Hydroxylate, Hydroxylated, Protein hydroxylation.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxylation
