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Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

Index Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), also called photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGC), or melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs), are a type of neuron in the retina of the mammalian eye. [1]

48 relations: Arnold Eskin, Bistratified cell, Charles Czeisler, Circadian clock, Circadian rhythm, Clyde E. Keeler, CREB, Dark therapy, David Berson, Delayed sleep phase disorder, Effects of blue light technology, Eye, Free-running sleep, Giant retinal ganglion cells, Human eye, Ignacio Provencio, King-Wai Yau, Light effects on circadian rhythm, Light therapy, Mammalian eye, Melanopsin, Melatonin, Midget cell, Miosis, Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder, Opsin, Optics and vision, Parasol cell, Perception, Phase response curve, Photoperiodism, Photopic vision, Photoreceptor cell, Photosensitivity, Pineal gland, Pretectal area, Pupillary light reflex, Retina, Retinal ganglion cell, Retinohypothalamic tract, Rhodopsin, Russell Foster, Samer Hattar, Sensory nervous system, Signal transduction, Suprachiasmatic nucleus, Visual phototransduction, Visual system.

Arnold Eskin

Arnold Eskin is a professor of chronobiology at the University of Houston in Houston, Texas.

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Bistratified cell

Bistratified ganglion cell can refer to either of two kinds of retinal ganglion cells whose cell body is located in the ganglion cell layer of the retina, the small-field bistratified ganglion cell, also known as small bistratified cell (SBC), and the large-field bistratified ganglion cell or large bistratified cell (LBC).

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Charles Czeisler

Charles A. Czeisler (born 1952) is an American physician and sleep researcher.

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Circadian clock

A circadian clock, or circadian oscillator, is a biochemical oscillator that cycles with a stable phase and is synchronized with solar time.

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Circadian rhythm

A circadian rhythm is any biological process that displays an endogenous, entrainable oscillation of about 24 hours.

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Clyde E. Keeler

Clyde Edgar Keeler, April 11, 1900 – April 22, 1994, was a medical geneticist who is noted for his work on laboratory mice and the genetics of vision.

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CREB

CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) is a cellular transcription factor.

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Dark therapy

Dark therapy is the practice of keeping people in complete darkness for periods of time in an attempt to treat psychological conditions.

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David Berson

David M. Berson is Professor of Medical Science at Brown University.

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Delayed sleep phase disorder

Delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD), more often known as delayed sleep phase syndrome and also as delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, is a chronic dysregulation of a person's circadian rhythm (biological clock), compared to those of the general population and societal norms.

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Effects of blue light technology

Blue light is a range of the visible light spectrum, defined as having a wavelength between 400−495 nm.

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Eye

Eyes are organs of the visual system.

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Free-running sleep

Free-running sleep is a sleep pattern that is not adjusted (entrained) to the 24-hour cycle in nature nor to any artificial cycle.

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Giant retinal ganglion cells

Giant retinal ganglion cells are photosensitive ganglion cells with large dendritic trees discovered in the human and macaque retina by Dacey et al.

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Human eye

The human eye is an organ which reacts to light and pressure.

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Ignacio Provencio

Ignacio Provencio (born 29 June 1965) is an American neuroscientist and the discoverer of melanopsin, a photopigment found in specialized photosensitive ganglion cells of the mammalian retina.

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King-Wai Yau

King-Wai Yau (Chinese: 游景威; Pinyin: You Jing-Wei; born October 27, 1948) is a Chinese-born American neuroscientist and Professor of Neuroscience at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland.

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Light effects on circadian rhythm

Most animals and other organisms have "built in clocks" in their brains that regulate the timing of biological processes and daily behavior.

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Light therapy

Light therapy—or phototherapy, classically referred to as heliotherapy—consists of exposure to daylight or to specific wavelengths of light using polychromatic polarised light, lasers, light-emitting diodes, fluorescent lamps, dichroic lamps or very bright, full-spectrum light.

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Mammalian eye

Mammals normally have a pair of eyes.

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Melanopsin

Melanopsin is a type of photopigment belonging to a larger family of light-sensitive retinal proteins called opsins and encoded by the gene Opn4.

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Melatonin

Melatonin, also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine, is a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland in animals and regulates sleep and wakefulness.

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Midget cell

A midget cell is one type of retinal ganglion cell.

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Miosis

Miosis is excessive constriction of the pupil.

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Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder

Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder (non-24), is one of several chronic circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSDs).

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Opsin

Opsins are a group of proteins, made light-sensitive, via the chromophore retinal found in photoreceptor cells of the retina.

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Optics and vision

Visual perception is the ability to interpret information and surroundings from visible light reaching the eye.

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Parasol cell

A parasol cell, sometimes called an M cell or M ganglion cell, is one type of retinal ganglion cell located in the ganglion cell layer of the retina.

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Perception

Perception (from the Latin perceptio) is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the environment.

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Phase response curve

A phase response curve (PRC) illustrates the transient change in the cycle period of an oscillation induced by a perturbation as a function of the phase at which it is received.

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Photoperiodism

Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of day or night.

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Photopic vision

Photopic vision is the vision of the eye under well-lit conditions (luminance level 10 to 108 cd/m2).

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Photoreceptor cell

A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuroepithelial cell found in the retina that is capable of visual phototransduction.

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Photosensitivity

Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons, especially visible light.

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Pineal gland

The pineal gland, also known as the conarium, kônarion or epiphysis cerebri, is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain.

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Pretectal area

The pretectal area, or pretectum, is a midbrain structure composed of seven nuclei and comprises part of the subcortical visual system.

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Pupillary light reflex

The pupillary light reflex (PLR) or photopupillary reflex is a reflex that controls the diameter of the pupil, in response to the intensity (luminance) of light that falls on the retinal ganglion cells of the retina in the back of the eye, thereby assisting in adaptation to various levels of lightness/darkness.

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Retina

The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive "coat", or layer, of shell tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs.

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Retinal ganglion cell

A retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is a type of neuron located near the inner surface (the ganglion cell layer) of the retina of the eye.

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Retinohypothalamic tract

The retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) is a photic neural input pathway involved in the circadian rhythms of mammals.

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Rhodopsin

Rhodopsin (also known as visual purple) is a light-sensitive receptor protein involved in visual phototransduction.

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Russell Foster

Russell Grant Foster, CBE, FRS FMedSci (born 1959) is a British professor of circadian neuroscience, the Director of the Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology and the Head of the Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi).

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Samer Hattar

Samer Hattar (Arabic سامر حتر) is a chronobiologist and a leader in the field of non-image forming photoreception.

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Sensory nervous system

The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information.

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Signal transduction

Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.

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Suprachiasmatic nucleus

The suprachiasmatic nucleus or nuclei (SCN) is a tiny region of the brain in the hypothalamus, situated directly above the optic chiasm.

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Visual phototransduction

Visual phototransduction is the sensory transduction of the visual system.

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Visual system

The visual system is the part of the central nervous system which gives organisms the ability to process visual detail, as well as enabling the formation of several non-image photo response functions.

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Redirects here:

Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells, IpRGC, IpRGCs, Iprgc, Melanopsin-containing ganglion cell, Photosensitive Ganglion Cell, Photosensitive ganglia, Photosensitive ganglion cell.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsically_photosensitive_retinal_ganglion_cells

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