John II Casimir Vasa

John II Casimir (Jan II Kazimierz Waza; Johann II.; Jonas Kazimieras Vaza; 22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania during the era of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Duke of Opole in Upper Silesia, and titular King of Sweden 1648–1660. ^[1]

Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés

The Benedictine Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, just beyond the outskirts of early medieval Paris, was the burial place of Merovingian kings of Neustria.

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Accademia del Cimento

The Accademia del Cimento (Academy of Experiment), an early scientific society, was founded in Florence in 1657 by students of Galileo, Giovanni Alfonso Borelli and Vincenzo Viviani and ceased to exist about a decade later.

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Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

The administrative division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the result of the long and complicated history of the fragmentation of the Polish Kingdom and the union of Poland and Lithuania.

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Agreement of Łęgonice

The Agreement of Łęgonice, which was signed on 31 July 1666 in the village of Legonice, ended the so-called Lubomirski Rokosz, a rebellion against Polish King Jan II Kazimierz Vasa, initiated by a magnate and hetman, Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski.

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Aleksander Kazimierz Sapieha

Aleksander Kazimierz Sapieha (13 May 1624 – 22 May 1671) was a Polish nobleman.

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Aleksander Polanowski

Alexander or Aleksander Polanowski entitled to use coat of arms Pobóg (died April 24, 1687) was colonel of the Royal Hussar (also known as the Winged Hussars), Royal Grand Master of the Pantry (Agriculture Secretary of the Crown) since 1678 and Royal Grand Standard Bearer since 1685.

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Aleksander Sielski

Aleksander Sielski (1610-1682) was a Polish noble.

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Andrzej Potocki

Andrzej Potocki (1630 – 30 August 1691) was a Polish nobleman, magnate, politician, general and military commander.

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Andrzej Trzebicki

Andrzej Trzebicki (November 23, 1607 – December 28, 1679) was a nobleman and priest in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Angelo Maria Bandinelli

Angelo Maria Bandinelli, sometimes written Angiolo Maria (active around 1650–1670) was a secretary to John II Casimir Vasa, and postmaster general (in generalissimum et supremum postae... magistrum et praefectum) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Anthony van Dyck

Sir Anthony van Dyck (many variant spellings; 22 March 1599 – 9 December 1641) was a Flemish Baroque artist who became the leading court painter in England, after enjoying great success in Italy and the Southern Netherlands.

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Arvid Wittenberg

Arvid Wittenberg or Arvid Wirtenberg von Debern (1606 – 7 September 1657), Swedish count, field marshal and privy councillor.

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Austria–Prussia rivalry

Austria and Prussia had a long-standing conflict and rivalry for supremacy in Central Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries, termed Deutscher Dualismus (German dualism) in the German language area.

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Łańcut Castle

Łańcut Castle is a complex of historical buildings located in Łańcut, Poland.

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Łeba

Łeba (Kashubian/Pomeranian: Leba; Leba) is a town in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland.

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Łukasz Opaliński (1612–1666)

Łukasz de Bnin Opaliński (Luca Opalinius; 1612–1666) was a Polish nobleman, poet, political activist and one of the most important Polish political writers of the 17th century.

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Šeduva

Šeduva (Szadów) is a city in the Radviliškis district municipality, Lithuania.

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Żarnów

Żarnów is a historical village in Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.

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Żupan

Żupan (župan, župan, polgármester, жупан, жупан) is a long garment, always lined, worn by almost all males of the noble social class in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, typical male attire from the beginning of the 16th to half of the 18th century, still surviving as a part of the Polish and Ukrainian national costume.

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Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary, Chełm

The Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary (Bazylika Narodzenia Najświętszej Maryi Panny, Собор Різдва Пресвятої Богородиці) is a church and monastery complex in the Polish city of Chełm.

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Battle of Żarnów

The Battle of Żarnów was fought on September 16, 1655, between the forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, commanded by John II Casimir and the forces of the Swedish Empire, commanded by Charles X Gustav.

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Battle of Batih

The Battle of Batih (Batoh) was a battle in 1652 in which Polish-Lithuanian forces under hetman Marcin Kalinowski were defeated by a united army of Crimean Tatars and Zaporozhian Cossacks.

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Battle of Berestechko

The Battle of Berestechko (Bitwa pod Beresteczkiem; Берестецька битва, Битва під Берестечком) was fought between the Ukrainian Cossacks, led by Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, aided by their Crimean Tatar allies, and a Polish army under King John II Casimir.

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Battle of Chojnice (1656)

The Battle of Chojnice (Battle of Konitz) was a surprise nighttime attack followed by a run-and-chase battle during The Deluge.

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Battle of Grudziądz (1659)

The 1659 Battle of Grudziądz took place in the Polish town of Grudziądz (Graudenz) during the Swedish Deluge (Potop szwedzki), around 29–30 August 1659.

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Battle of Jarosław (1656)

The Battle of Jarosław took place during the Deluge (part of the Second Northern War) in March 15, 1656.

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Battle of Kushliki

The Battle of Kushliki or battle of Kuszliki on 4 November 1661 between a Polish–Lithuanian force and a Russian Tsardom force was one of the battle of the Russo-Polish War (1654–67).

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Battle of Lubrze

The Battle of Lubrze was a night battle which took place during the Deluge (part of the Second Northern War) in August 1656 between Polish forces under voivode of Kalisz Andrzej Karol Grudziński and a Swedish-Brandenburg force under Jan Wejhard von Wrzesowicz.

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Battle of Magierów

The Battle of Magierów took place on 11 July 1657, during the period in Polish history known as the Swedish Deluge.

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Battle of Mątwy

The Battle of Mątwy (Bitwa pod Mątwami) was the biggest and bloodiest battle of the so-called Lubomirski Rokosz, a rebellion against Polish King John II Casimir, initiated by a magnate and hetman, Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski.

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Battle of Nisko

The Battle of Nisko took place on March 28, 1656, and was one of battles of the Swedish invasion of Poland.

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Battle of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki

The Battle of Nowy Dwór was fought during September 20 – September 30, 1655 between forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth commanded by Jan Kazimierz Krasiński on one side, and on the other Swedish Empire forces commanded by Gustaf Otto Stenbock.

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Battle of Pyliavtsi

Battle of Pyliavtsi (Пилявцi; Piławce); September 23, 1648) was the third significant battle of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. Near the site of the present-day village of Pyliava, which at that time belonged to the Kingdom of Poland, and now lies in central-western Ukraine, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth forces met a numerically superior force of Ukrainian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars under the command of Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Tugay Bey. The Commonwealth forces were dealt a third consecutive defeat.

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Battle of Sobota

The Battle of Sobota was a battle that took place near Sobota, Poland, on 23 August 1655, between the armies of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth on the one hand and of Sweden on the other.

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Battle of Ujście

The Battle of Ujście was fought on July 24–25, 1655 between forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth commanded by Krzysztof Opaliński and Andrzej Grudziński on one side, and on the other Swedish forces commanded by Arvid Wittenberg.

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Battle of Vilnius (1655)

The Battle of Vilnius, Wilno, or Vilna was an attack by Russian and Cossack forces on Vilnius (Wilno), the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, that occurred on 8 August 1655 during the Russo-Polish War (1654–67).

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Battle of Warsaw (1656)

The Battle of Warsaw (Schlacht von Warschau; Bitwa pod Warszawą; Tredagarsslaget vid Warszawa) was a battle which took place near Warsaw on, between the armies of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden and Brandenburg.

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Battle of Wojnicz

The Battle of Wojnicz was fought on October 3, 1655 between forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth commanded by Field Crown Hetman Stanisław Lanckoroński and Great Crown Hetman Stanisław Rewera Potocki on one side, and on the other Swedish forces commanded by Charles X Gustav.

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Battle of Zboriv (1649)

The Battle of Zboriv (Bitwa pod Zborowem, Зборівська битва), during the Khmelnytsky Uprising, was fought near the vicinity of Zborów (village of Mlynivtsi, Ukraine) on the Strypa River, and near the Siege of Zbarazh.

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Battle of Zhvanets

The Battle of Zhvanets, or the Siege of Zhvanets (Bitwa pod Żwańcem) was one of battles of the Khmelnytsky Uprising.

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Białowieża

Białowieża (Белавежа Biełavieža, Bialovieža, Беловежская Belovezhskaya) is a village in Poland, in Podlaskie Voivodeship, in the middle of Białowieża Forest, of which it is a namesake.

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Białowieża Forest

Białowieża Forest (Белавежская пушча, Biełaviežskaja Pušča; Baltvyžio giria; Puszcza Białowieska) is one of the last and largest remaining parts of the immense primeval forest that once stretched across the European Plain.

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Biecz

Biecz (Beitsch) is a town and municipality in southeastern Poland, in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Gorlice County.

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Black Madonna of Częstochowa

The Black Madonna of Częstochowa (Czarna Madonna or italic, Imago thaumaturga Beatae Virginis Mariae Immaculatae Conceptae, in Claro Monte), also known as Our Lady of Częstochowa, is a revered icon of the Virgin Mary housed at the Jasna Góra Monastery in Częstochowa, Poland.

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Bohdan Khmelnytsky

Zynoviy Bohdan Khmelnytsky (Ruthenian language: Ѕѣнові Богдан Хмелнiцкiи; modern Bohdan Zynoviy Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky; Bohdan Zenobi Chmielnicki; 6 August 1657) was a Polish–Lithuanian-born Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (now part of Ukraine).

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Boratynka

Boratynka (boratynek) is a popular, unofficial name of John II Casimir copper szeląg, minted in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1659-1668.

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Brandenburg-Prussia

Brandenburg-Prussia (Brandenburg-Preußen) is the historiographic denomination for the Early Modern realm of the Brandenburgian Hohenzollerns between 1618 and 1701.

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Brienne claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem

Hugh, Count of Brienne claimed the regency of Jerusalem (and, indirectly, a place in the succession) in 1264 as senior heir of Hugh I of Cyprus and Alice of Jerusalem, being the son of their eldest daughter, but was passed over by the Haute Cour in favor of his cousin Hugh III of Cyprus.

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Burial sites of European monarchs and consorts

This list contains all European emperors, kings and regent princes and their consorts as well as well-known crown princes since the Middle Ages, whereas the lists are starting with either the beginning of the monarchy or with a change of the dynasty (e.g. England with the Norman king William the Conqueror, Spain with the unification of Castile and Aragon, Sweden with the Vasa dynasty, etc.). In addition, it contains the still-existing principalities of Monaco and Liechtenstein and the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg.

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Bydgoszcz

Bydgoszcz (Bromberg; Bydgostia) is a city in northern Poland, on the Brda and Vistula rivers.

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Bytów

Bytów (Bëtowò; Bütow is a town in the Gdańsk Pomerania region of northern Poland with 16,888 inhabitants (2004). Previously in Słupsk Voivodeship (1975–1998), it is the capital of Bytów County in Pomeranian Voivodeship (since 1999). The origins of Bytów can be traced back to the early Middle Ages when a fortified stronghold once stood near the town. Bytów was later mentioned, under the Latin name castrum nomine Bitom, by notable Gallus Anonymus in his Chronicles describing medieval Poland. In 1346 Bütow got German town law from the Teutonic Order. During the Thirteen Years' War (1454-1466), the town was the sight of heavy fighting and changed hands over time. Eventually, King Casimir IV Jagiellon granted the town to Eric II, Duke of Pomerania, as a perpetual fiefdom. After the Partitions of Poland, Bytów became part of German Prussia and remained in Germany until the end of World War II. At the final stages of the war, Bytów was the center of heavy artillery shelling initiated by the Red Army; as a result over 55% of buildings were destroyed. Throughout its whole history, Bytów was known to be a multicultural town inhabited by Kashubians, Poles, Germans and Jews. Since 2000 a bugle call is played during important events which taking place in the area. Bytów is a popular tourist destination in the region of Pomerania and is famous for its medieval Teutonic Castle built in the late 14th century.

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Camaldolese Church, Warsaw

Camaldolese Church, dating from the 17th–18th centuries and situated among the buildings of the hermitage in the Bielański Forest, is one of the most beautiful baroque churches in Warsaw.

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Camaldolese Hermit Monastery, Kraków

Camaldolese Hermit Monastery in Kraków (Kościół Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Krakowie) is a Camaldolese priory in Bielany in Kraków, Poland.

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Cardinals created by Innocent X

Pope Innocent X (r. 1644–1655) created 40 cardinals in 8 consistories.

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Casimir Siemienowicz

Kazimierz Siemienowicz (Casimirus Siemienowicz, Kazimieras Simonavičius, Kazimierz Siemienowicz, born 1600 – 1651), was a Polish–Lithuanian general of artillery, gunsmith, military engineer, and pioneer of rocketry.

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Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption, Lviv

The Archcathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, usually called simply the Latin Cathedral (Лати́нський собо́р, Katedra Łacińska) is a 14th-century Roman Catholic cathedral in Lviv, western Ukraine.

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Catherine de Mayenne

Catherine de Mayenne (1585 – 8 March 1618), or Catherine de Mayenne-Lorraine-Guise, was a French aristocrat who became Duchess of Mantua by marriage.

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Charles Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat

Charles Gonzaga (Carlo I Gonzaga) (6 May 1580 – 22 September 1637) was Duke of Mantua and Duke of Montferrat from 1627 until his death.

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Charles X Gustav of Sweden

Charles X Gustav, also Carl Gustav (Karl X Gustav; 8 November 1622 – 13 February 1660), was King of Sweden from 1654 until his death.

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Chiprovtsi uprising

The Chiprovtsi uprising (Чипровско въстание, Chiprovsko vastanie) was an uprising against Ottoman rule organized in northwestern Bulgaria by Roman Catholic Bulgarians, but also involving many Eastern Orthodox Christians.

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Christian, Duke of Brieg

Christian of Brieg also known as of Legnica (Chrystian Brzeski or Legnicki; Oława, 9 April 1618 – Oława, 28 February 1672) was a Duke of Legnica (during 1653-1654 and 1663-1664 with his brothers), Brzeg (during 1639-1654 with his brothers), Wołów (during 1653-1654 with his brothers, then alone) and Oława (during 1639-1654 with his brothers, then alone).

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Christina, Queen of Sweden

Christina (– 19 April 1689) reigned as Queen of Sweden from 1632 until her abdication in 1654.

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Chrzanów

Chrzanów is a town in southern Poland with 39,704 inhabitants.

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Claudine Françoise Mignot

Claudine Françoise Mignot (commonly called Marie; 20 January 1624 – 30 November 1711) was a French adventuress born near Grenoble, at Meylan.

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Commemorative coins of Poland: 2000

Poland has a rich selection of Gold and Silver commemorative coins.In the year 2000 coins were launched in the series: "Animals of the World", "Castles and palaces of Poland", "Polish kings and princes" and various occasional coins.

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Constance of Austria

Constance of Austria (Konstanza; Konstancja; 24 December 1588 – 10 July 1631) was queen of Poland as the second wife of King Sigismund III Vasa and the mother of King John II Casimir.

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Constitution of 3 May 1791

The Constitution of 3 May 1791 (Konstytucja 3 Maja, Gegužės trečiosios konstitucija) was adopted by the Great Sejm (parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, a dual monarchy comprising the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

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Contarini

Contarini is one of the founding families of Venicehttps://archive.org/details/teatroaraldicose02tett, Leone Tettoni.

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Coronation

A coronation is the act of placement or bestowal of a crown upon a monarch's head.

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Coronations in Poland

Coronations in Poland officially began in 1025 and continued until 1764, when the final king of an independent Poland, Stanisław August Poniatowski, was crowned at St. John's Cathedral in Warsaw.

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Cossack Hetmanate

The Cossack Hetmanate (Гетьманщина), officially known as Zaporizhian Host (Військо Запорозьке), was a Cossack state in Central Ukraine between 1649 and 1764 (some sources claim until 1782).

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Crimean–Nogai raids into East Slavic lands

The Crimean-Nogai raids were slave raids carried out by the Khanate of Crimea and by the Nogai Horde into the region of Rus' then controlled by the Grand Duchy of Moscow (until 1547), by the Tsardom of Russia (1547-1721), by the Russian Empire (1721 onwards) and by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569).

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Cultural legacy of Mazeppa

*The spelling "Mazepa" refers to the historical person; the double-p "Mazeppa" is used for the artistic and literary works. Ivan Mazepa (1639–1709) was a significant figure in the history of Ukraine.

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Daniel Schultz

Jerzy (Georg) Daniel Schultz known also as Daniel Schultz the Younger (1615–1683) was a famous painter of the Baroque era, born and active in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University

Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University (Universitatis Medicinalis Leopoliensis), (Львiвський Національний Медичний Унiверситет iм.) — formerly known as the Lvov State Medical Institute, earlier the Faculty of Medicine of the John Casimir University and, before that, Faculty of Medicine of the Francis I University — is one of the oldest and biggest medical universities in Ukraine.

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Deluge (history)

The term Deluge (pоtор szwedzki, švedų tvanas) denotes a series of mid-17th-century campaigns in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Denmark–Sweden relations

Denmark–Sweden relations relate to Denmark and Sweden.

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Duchy of Prussia

The Duchy of Prussia (Herzogtum Preußen, Księstwo Pruskie) or Ducal Prussia (Herzogliches Preußen, Prusy Książęce) was a duchy in the region of Prussia established as a result of secularization of the State of the Teutonic Order during the Protestant Reformation in 1525.

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Duke of Opole

The following is a list of monarchs who used the title Duke of Opole and controlled the city and the surrounding area either directly or indirectly (see also Duchy of Opole).

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Dukla

Dukla is a town and an eponymous municipality in southeastern Poland, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship.

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Eleonora Gonzaga (1630–1686)

Eleonora Gonzaga (18 November 1630 – 6 December 1686), was by birth Princess of Mantua, Nevers and Rethel from the Nevers branch of the House of Gonzaga and by marriage Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia.

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Farna Street in Bydgoszcz

Farna Street is a street located in Bydgoszcz, Poland.

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Field Cathedral of the Polish Army

The Field Cathedral of the Polish Army (Katedra Polowa Wojska Polskiego, also known as the Church of Our Lady Queen of the Polish Crown) is the main garrison church of Warsaw and the representative cathedral of the entire Polish Army.

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Fort Casimir

Fort Casimir was a Dutch fort in the seventeenth-century colony of New Netherland.

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France–Poland relations

Polish–French relations date back several centuries, although they really only became relevant in the times of the French Revolution and the reign of Napoleon I. Poles were allies of Napoleon; a large Polish community settled in France in the 19th century, and Poles and French were also allies during the interwar period.

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Frans Luycx

Frans Luycx or Frans Luyckx (before 17 April 1604 – 1 May 1668) was a Flemish painter who became the leading portrait painter at the imperial court of Emperor Ferdinand III in Vienna.

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Głogówek

Głogówek, German Oberglogau (earlier Klein Glogau or Kraut Glogau, Czech: Horní Hlohov) is a city in Poland located in Opole Voivodeship in Upper Silesia.

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George Gordon, 2nd Marquess of Huntly

George Gordon, 2nd Marquess of Huntly (1592March 1649), styled Earl of Enzie from 1599 to 1636, eldest son of George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly by Lady Henrietta Stewart, daughter of Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox, was brought up in England as a Protestant, and later created Viscount Aboyne by Charles I.

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George II Rákóczi

George II Rákóczi (30 January 1621 – 7 June 1660), was a Hungarian nobleman, Prince of Transylvania (1648-1660), the eldest son of George I and Zsuzsanna Lorántffy.

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George William, Duke of Liegnitz

George William (Georg Wilhelm), also known as George IV William; Jerzy IV Wilhelm; 29 September 1660 – 21 November 1675) was the last Silesian duke of Legnica and Brzeg from 1672 until his death. He was the last male member of the Silesian Piast dynasty descending from Władysław II the Exile (1105–1159).

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Georgia–Poland relations

Georgia–Poland relations refers to foreign relations between Georgia and Poland.

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Georgian emigration in Poland

The documented ties between Georgia and Poland reach back to the 15th century, when the Georgian (Kartlian) Constantine I sent a diplomatic mission to the Polish King Alexander Jagiellon.

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Gerrit van Uylenburgh

Gerrit van Uylenburgh (c. 1625 – 1679), or Gerrit Uylenburgh, was a Dutch Golden Age painter and art-dealer.

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Giovanni Battista Gisleni

Giovanni Battista Gisleni (Jan Baptysta Gisleni, Gislenius, Ghisleni) (1600 – 3 May 1672) was an Italian Baroque architect, stage designer, theater director, singer, and musician at the Polish royal court.

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Gothard Wilhelm Butler

Gothard Wilhelm Butler (Gotthard Wilhelm von Buttlar, c. 1600 – January 18, 1660) was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman and politician of Scottish origin, born in Kuldīga (Goldingen).

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Hassling-Ketling of Elgin

Ketling (Hassling-Ketling of Elgin) was a fictional character in Henryk Sienkiewicz's novel Fire in the Steppe, the third volume of his award-winning The Trilogy.

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Heart-burial

Heart-burial is a type of burial in which the heart is interred apart from the body.

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Heinrich Wilhelm Grauert

Heinrich Wilhelm Grauert (25 March 1804, in Amsterdam – 10 January 1852, in Vienna) was a Dutch born, German historian and classical philologist.

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Henrietta of England

Henrietta of England (16 June 1644 O.S. (26 June 1644 N.S.) – 30 June 1670) was the youngest daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and his wife, Henrietta Maria of France.

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Hermann of Baden-Baden

Margrave (Prince) Hermann of Baden-Baden (12 October 1628 in Baden-Baden; died 30 October 1691 in Regensburg) was a general and diplomat in the imperial service.

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Hieronim Radziejowski

Hieronim Radziejowski (1612—August 8, 1667) was a Polish noble, politician, diplomat, scholar and a military commander.

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Hieronymus Roth

Hieronymus Roth (1606–1678) was a lawyer and alderman of Königsberg (Polish: Królewiec, modern day Kaliningrad) who led the city burghers in opposition to Elector Frederick William.

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High School No. 1, Bydgoszcz

High School n°1 "Cyprian Norwid" in Bydgoszcz, is a Polish high school in Bydgoszcz, located at Freedom Square 9.

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History of Ivano-Frankivsk

Ivano-Frankivsk (Івано-Франківськ, Ivano-Frankivs'k; Iwano-Frankowsk; Iwano-Frankiwsk; translit, see also other names) is one of administrative centers in western Ukraine with almost 350 years of history as a city settlement.

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History of Lviv

Lviv (Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv; Lwów; Lemberg; לעמבערג; Lvov, see also other names) is an administrative center in western Ukraine with more than a millennium of history as a settlement, and over seven centuries as a city.

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History of Minsk

Early East Slavs settled the forested hills of today's Minsk by the 9th century.

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History of Poland

The history of Poland has its roots in the migrations of Slavs, who established permanent settlements in the Polish lands during the Early Middle Ages.

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History of Poland in the Early Modern era (1569–1795)

The early modern era of Polish history follows the late Middle Ages.

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History of Silesia

In the second half of the 2nd millennium B.C. (late Bronze Age) Silesia belonged to the Lusatian culture.

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History of the Jews in Belarus

The Jews in Belarus were the third largest ethnic group in the country in the first half of the 20th century.

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History of the Jews in Lithuania

The history of the Jews in Lithuania spans the period from the 8th century to the present day.

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History of the Jews in Poland before the 18th century

The history of the Jews in Poland before the 18th century covers the period of Jewish-Polish history from its origins, roughly until the political and socio-economic circumstances leading to the dismemberment of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the second half of the 18th century by the neighbouring empires (see also: Partitions of Poland).

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History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1648)

History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1648) covers a period in the history of Poland and Lithuania, before their joint state was subjected to devastating wars in the middle of the 17th century.

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History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764)

History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1764) covers a period in the history of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, from the time their joint state became the theater of wars and invasions fought on a great scale in the middle of the 17th century, to the time just before the election of Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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History of the Royal Castle in Warsaw

The Royal Castle in Warsaw was a seat of the Sejm and Senate of the first Rzeczpospolita and also an official residence of the monarchs in Warsaw.

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House of Vasa

The House of Vasa (Vasaätten, Wazowie, Vaza) was an early modern royal house founded in 1523 in Sweden, ruling Sweden 1523–1654, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1587–1668, and the Tsardom of Russia 1610–1613 (titular until 1634).

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Hryhoriy Hulyanytsky

Hryhoriy Hulyanytsky (Григорій Гуляницький) (died 1679) was a Ukrainian Cossack colonel, a skilled warrior and a shrewd politician.

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Iryna Vilde

Iryna Vilde, a pen name of Daryna Dmytrivna Polotniuk (Дарина Дмитрівна Полотнюк, née Makohon Макогон), was a Ukrainian writer and Soviet correspondent.

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Islam in Poland

A continuous presence of Islam in Poland began in the 14th century.

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Ivan Bohun

Ivan Bohun (Іван Богун) (died 1664) was a Ukrainian Cossack colonel.

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Ivan Mazepa

Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa (Іван Степанович Мазепа, Jan Mazepa Kołodyński). Retrieved 10 July 2015 served as the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host in 1687–1708.

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Jagiellonian tapestries

The Jagiellonian tapestries are a collection of tapestries woven in the Netherlands and Flanders, which originally consisted of 365 pieces assembled by the Jagiellons to decorate the interiors of the royal residence Wawel Castle.

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James Turner (soldier)

Sir James Turner (1615-c.1686) was a Scottish professional soldier of the 17th century.

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Jan Chryzostom Pasek

Jan Chryzostom Pasek (c. 1636–1701) was a Polish nobleman and writer during the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Jan II

Jan II may refer to.

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Jan Skrzetuski

Jan Skrzetuski is a fictional character created by Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz in the novel With Fire and Sword.

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Jan Wielopolski

Count Jan Wielopolski (c. 1630-1688) was a Polish nobleman, aristocrat, politician and diplomat.

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Janowa Dolina massacre

The Janowa Dolina massacre took place on 23 April 1943 in the village of Janowa Dolina, (now Bazaltove, Ukraine) during occupation of Poland in World War II.

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Janusz Radziwiłł (1612–1655)

Prince Janusz Radziwiłł, also known as Janusz the Second or Janusz the Younger (Jonušas Radvila, 2 December 1612 – 31 December 1655) was a noble and magnate in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Jasna Góra Monastery

The Jasna Góra Monastery (Jasna Góra, Luminous Mount, Fényes Hegy, Clarus Mons) in Częstochowa, Poland, is a famous Polish shrine to the Virgin Mary and one of the country's places of pilgrimage.

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Józef Bartłomiej Zimorowic

Józef Bartłomiej Zimorowic (August 20, 1597 – October 14, 1677) was a Polish poet and historian of the Baroque era, most famous for his pastoral poems Sielanki nowe ruskie (New Ruthenian Pastorals), first published in Kraków in 1663.

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Józef Brodowski the Younger

Józef Brodowski (17 January 1828, Warsaw – 5 September 1900, Warsaw) was a Polish painter.

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Jednorożec

Jednorożec is a large village (small town by European standards) in Przasnysz County, Poland.

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Jens Juel (diplomat)

Jens Juel (15 July 1631 – 23 May 1700) was a Danish diplomat and statesman of great influence at the Danish court.

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Jeremi Wiśniowiecki

Jeremi Wiśniowiecki (Ярема Вишневецький - Yarema Vyshnevetsky; August 17, 1612 – August 20, 1651) nicknamed Hammer on the Cossacks or Iron Hand, was a notable member of the aristocracy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Prince of Wiśniowiec, Łubnie and Chorol in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the father of the future King of Poland, Michael I. A notable magnate and military commander with Ruthenian and Moldavian origin, Wiśniowiecki was heir of one of the biggest fortunes of the state and rose to several notable dignities, including the position of voivode of the Ruthenian Voivodship in 1646.

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Jerzy Ossoliński

Prince Jerzy Ossoliński h. Topór (15 December 1595 – 9 August 1650) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic), Crown Court Treasurer from 1632, governor (voivode) of Sandomierz from 1636, Reichsfürst (Imperial Prince) since 1634, Crown Deputy Chancellor from 1639, Great Crown Chancellor from 1643, sheriff (starost) of Bydgoszcz (1633), Lubomel (1639), Puck and Bolim (1647), magnate, politician and diplomat.

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Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski

Prince Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski (20 January 1616 – 31 December 1667) was a Polish noble (szlachcic), magnate, politician and military commander.

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Jezuicka Street in Bydgoszcz

Jezuicka Street is a street located in Bydgoszcz, Poland.

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Johannes Hevelius

Johannes Hevelius Some sources refer to Hevelius as Polish.

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John Casimir

John Casimir may refer to.

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John II

John II may refer to.

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John III Sobieski

John III Sobieski (Jan III Sobieski; Jonas III Sobieskis; Ioannes III Sobiscius; 17 August 1629 – 17 June 1696), was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death, and one of the most notable monarchs of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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John of Poland

John of Poland may refer to.

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John of Sweden

John of Sweden - Swedish: Johan, Jon and Hans - may refer to.

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John Sigismund Vasa

John Sigismund Vasa (January 6, 1652, Warsaw - February 20, 1652, Warsaw) - Polish prince, the son of John II Casimir and Marie Louise Gonzaga.

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Justynian Szczytt (d. 1677)

Justynian Niemirowicz Szczytt (also spelled Szczyt and Szczyth; died 1677) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic), a chamberlain (podkomorzy) of Polotsk and a deputy to the sejm (parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Karol Ferdynand Vasa

Prince Charles Ferdinand Vasa (Karol Ferdynand Waza; October 13, 1613 in Warsaw – May 9, 1655 in Wyszków), was a Polish nobleman, prince, priest, Bishop of Wrocław from 1625, bishop of Płock from 1640 and Duke of Opole from 1648 to 1655.

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Kazimierz Florian Czartoryski

Prince Kazimierz Florian Czartoryski (1620–1674) was a 17th century Primate of Poland, Bishop of Poznań and Włocławek.

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Kazimierz Palace

The Kazimierz Palace (Pałac Kazimierzowski) is a building in Warsaw, Poland, adjacent to the Royal Route, at Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28.

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Königsberg

Königsberg is the name for a former German city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia.

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Khmelnytsky Uprising

The Khmelnytsky Uprising (Powstanie Chmielnickiego; Chmelnickio sukilimas; повстання Богдана Хмельницького; восстание Богдана Хмельницкого; also known as the Cossack-Polish War, Chmielnicki Uprising, or the Khmelnytsky insurrection) was a Cossack rebellion within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1648–1657, which led to the creation of a Cossack Hetmanate in Ukrainian lands.

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Kings of Poland family tree

This is a family tree of the Kings of Poland.

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Krakowskie Przedmieście

Krakowskie Przedmieście (literally: Kraków suburb; Faubourg de Cracovie) is one of the best known and most prestigious streets of Poland's capital, surrounded by historic palaces, churches and manor-houses.

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Krasiczyn Castle

Krasiczyn Castle (Zamek w Krasiczynie) is a Renaissance structure in Krasiczyn, Poland.

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Królewicz

Królewicz (f. królewna; plural forms królewicze and królewny) was the title given to the sons and daughters of the king of Poland (and Grand Duke of Lithuania at the same time), later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Krupski

Krupski (Крупскі, Krupski, Крупский, Крупський, Krupskis) - Belorussian is a noble (szlachta) family from Eastern Europe and a common surname in modern Poland.

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Krzysztof Grzymułtowski

Krzysztof Grzymułtowski (1620–1687) was a Polish voivod of Poznań Voivodship, diplomat and member of Polish sejm.

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Krzysztof Korwin Gosiewski

Krzysztof Korwin Gosiewski ''de armis'' Ślepowron (died 1643) – Palatine-Governor of Smolensk from 1639, Secretary of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1638, Lithuanian Great-Quartermaster since 1625, diplomat, District-Governor of Velizh.

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Krzysztof Opaliński

Krzysztof Opaliński (21 January 1611 – 6 December 1655) was a Polish nobleman, politician, writer, satirist and Governor of Poznań.

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Lambesc

Lambesc is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southern France.

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Lębork

Lębork (Lãbòrg) is a town of 37,000 people on the Łeba and Okalica rivers in the Gdańsk Pomerania region in northwestern Poland.

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Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor

Leopold I (name in full: Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Felician; I.; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia.

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Lesser Poland

Lesser Poland (Polish: Małopolska, Latin: Polonia Minor) is a historical region (dzielnica) of Poland; its capital is the city of Kraków.

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Linköping Bloodbath

The Linköping Bloodbath (Swedish: Linköpings blodbad) on 20 March 1600 was the public execution by beheading of five Swedish nobles in the aftermath of the War against Sigismund (1598–1599), which resulted in the de facto deposition of the Polish and Swedish King Sigismund III Vasa as king of Sweden.

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Lipka rebellion

The Lipka rebellion was a 1672 mutiny of several cavalry chorągwie (regiments) of Lipka Tatars, serving in the forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth since the 14th century.

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List of heirs to the Russian throne

This is a list of the individuals who were, at any given time, considered the next in line to inherit the throne of Russia or Grand Prince of Moscow.

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List of Jesuits

This is an alphabetical list of historically notable members of the Society of Jesus.

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List of Knights of the Golden Fleece

This page contains a list of Knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece.

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List of Lithuanian consorts

The consort (or spouse) of the royal rulers of Lithuania and of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was in all cases a woman and nearly all took the title of Grand Duchess.

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List of monarchs who abdicated

This is a list of monarchs who have abdicated.

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List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 17th century

This is a list of monarchs deposed in the 17th century.

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List of Polish cardinals

This is a list of Polish cardinals.

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List of Polish consorts

The Polish royal consorts were the spouses of the reigning monarchs of the Kingdom of Poland.

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List of Polish monarchs

Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes (the 10th–14th century) or by kings (the 11th-18th century).

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List of Polish people

This is a partial list of notable Polish or Polish-speaking or -writing persons.

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List of Roman Catholic bishops of Lviv

The Latin Archdiocese of Lviv (Archidioecesis Leopolitanus Latinorum) was erected on August 28, 1412 in the city of Lwow (today Lviv).

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List of rulers of Belarus

History of Belarusian states can be traced far to Principality of Polotsk.

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List of rulers of Lithuania

The following is a list of rulers over Lithuania—grand dukes, kings, and presidents—the heads of authority over historical Lithuanian territory.

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List of state leaders in 1648

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List of state leaders in 1649

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List of state leaders in 1650

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List of state leaders in 1651

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List of state leaders in 1652

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List of state leaders in 1653

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List of state leaders in 1654

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List of state leaders in 1655

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List of state leaders in 1656

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List of state leaders in 1657

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List of state leaders in 1658

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List of state leaders in 1659

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List of state leaders in 1660

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List of state leaders in 1661

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List of state leaders in 1662

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List of state leaders in 1663

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List of state leaders in 1664

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List of state leaders in 1665

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List of state leaders in 1666

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List of state leaders in 1667

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List of state leaders in 1668

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List of Swedish monarchs

This is a list of Swedish monarchs, that is, the Kings and ruling Queens of Sweden, including regents and viceroys of the Kalmar Union, up to the present time.

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Lithuanian auksinas

The auksinas (derived from auksas, Lithuanian for gold) was the name of two currencies of Lithuania: silver coin minted in 1564 equal to 30 Lithuanian groschens and paper German ostmark banknotes that circulated in Lithuania in the aftermath of World War I.

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Lubomirski

Lubomirski is a Polish princely family.

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Lubomirski's rebellion

Lubomirski's rebellion or Lubomirski's rokosz (rokosz Lubomirskiego), was a rebellion against Polish King John II Casimir, initiated by the Polish nobleman Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski.

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Lviv

Lviv (Львів; Львов; Lwów; Lemberg; Leopolis; see also other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine and the seventh-largest city in the country overall, with a population of around 728,350 as of 2016.

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Lwów Oath

The Lwów Oath (Śluby lwowskie) was an oath made on April 1, 1656 by Polish king John II Casimir in Latin cathedral in the city of Lwów (today Lviv, western Ukraine).

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Macarios III Zaim

Patriarch Yousef Yuhanna Meletios Macarios III Zaim (died 1672) was Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch from 1647 to 1672.

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Maciej Łubieński

Maciej Łubieński (1572 in Łubna – 1652 in Łowicz), of Pomian coat of arms, was a primate of Poland, archbishop of Gniezno, bishop of Poznań, bishop of Kujawy and interrex in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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March 22

No description.

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Marcin Kątski

Count Marcin Kazimierz Kątski of Brochwicz (1636 – 1710) was a Polish nobleman, politician, diplomat, scholar, military commander, General of Artillery of the Crown (1667–1710), the Voivode of Kiev (1684–1702) and Castellan of Kraków (1706–1710).

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Marek Sobieski (1628–1652)

Marek Sobieski (24 May 1628 – 3 June 1652) was a Polish noble (szlachcic), starosta (tenant of the Crown lands) of Krasnystaw and Jaworów, older brother of King John III Sobieski of Poland.

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Maria Anna Vasa

Maria Anna Theresa Vasa (1 July 1650 - 1 August 1651), was a Polish princess and a member of the House of Vasa.

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Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien

Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien (Maria Kazimiera d’Arquien), known also by the diminutive form "Marysieńka" (28 June 1641, Nevers – 30 January 1716, Blois) was queen consort to King John III Sobieski, from 1674 to 1696.

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Marie Catherine Vasa

Marie Catherine (1670 – after 12 December 1672) was the legitimated daughter of ex-King John II Casimir of Poland with his mistress and morganatic wife Claudine Françoise Mignot.

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Marie Louise Gonzaga

Marie Louise Gonzaga (Ludwika Maria; 18 August 1611 – 10 May 1667) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania by marriage to two Polish kings and Grand Dukes of Lithuania, Władysław IV Vasa and John II Casimir.

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Mazeppa (poem)

Mazeppa is a narrative poem written by the English romantic poet Lord Byron in 1819.

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Mątwy

The village of Mątwy ('Montwy') is located about 8 km south of Inowrocław in northern Poland.

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Medzhybizh

Medzhybizh, previously known as Mezhybozhe, population 1731, (Census 2001) (Меджибіж, Меджибож, Translit: Medzhibozh, Międzybóż, Medschybisch, מעזשביזש, translit. Mezhbizh) is a town in the Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine.

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Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny

Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny (The Polish Mercury Ordinary; original 17th-century Polish spelling: Merkuryusz Polski Ordynaryiny; full title: Merkuriusz Polski dzieje wszystkiego świata w sobie zamykający, dla informacji pospolitej: The Polish Mercury, Encompassing All the World's Affairs, for the Common Knowledge) was the first Polish newspaper (actually, a weekly), published from 1661, first in Kraków, then in Warsaw.

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Michał Dymitr Krajewski

Michał Dymitr Tadeusz Krajewski (8 September 1746 – 5 July 1817), sometimes also referred to as Dymitr M. Krajewski, was a Polish writer and educational activist of the times of the Enlightenment in Poland.

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Michał Florian Rzewuski

Michał Florian Rzewuski (died 1687) was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman and politician, Treasurer of the Crown Court.

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Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki

Michael I (Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, Mykolas I Kaributas Višnioveckis; May 31, 1640 – November 10, 1673) was the ruler of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from September 29, 1669 until his death in 1673.

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Mikołaj Hieronim Sieniawski

Mikołaj Hieronim Sieniawski (1645–1683) was a Polish noble (szlachcic), military leader and politician.

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Minsk

Minsk (Мінск,; Минск) is the capital and largest city of Belarus, situated on the Svislach and the Nyamiha Rivers.

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Mother of God of Trakai

The Mother of God of Trakai (Мадонна Тракайская) is a Catholic icon, located in the main altar of the St. Mary Church, Trakai.

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Muscovy Crown

The so-called Muscovy Crown was a part of the Polish Crown Jewels.

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Mykhailo Khanenko

Mykhailo Stepanovych Khanenko (Michał Chanenko, Михайло Степанович Ханенко) (ca. 1620 – 1680) was a Ukrainian Cossack military leader, and nominal hetman of Right-bank Ukraine from 1669-74 in rivalry with Petro Doroshenko during The Ruin (Ukrainian history).

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National Museum, Wrocław

The National Museum in Wrocław (Muzeum Narodowe we Wrocławiu), established in 1947, is one of Poland's main branches of the National Museum system.

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Nowa Góra, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

Nowa Góra (en. New Mountain) is a village in Poland in Gmina Krzeszowice, Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship.

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Opole

Opole (Oppeln, Silesian German: Uppeln, Uopole, Opolí) is a city located in southern Poland on the Oder River and the historical capital of Upper Silesia.

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Oster

Ostér (Осте́р,, Остёр) is a city located where the Oster River flows into the Desna, in Kozelets Raion, Chernihiv Oblast of Ukraine.

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Patron saints of Poland

The Catholic Church venerates five patron saints of Poland.

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Pavlo Teteria

Pavlo Teteria (Павло́ Тете́ря; Па́вел Ива́нович Тете́ря, Paweł Morzkowski herbu Ślepowron) (1620s–1670) was Hetman of Right-bank Ukraine (1663–1665).

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Półtorak

Półtorak (lit. one-and-a-halfer) was a small coin equal to 1½ grosz struck in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th century, during the reign of Sigismund III Vasa and John II Casimir Vasa.

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Perehinske

Perehinske (Перегінське, Perehińsko, פרהינסקו) is an urban-type settlement in Rozhniativ Raion in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast of western Ukraine.

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Petar Parchevich

Petar Parchevich (Петър Парчевич, pronounced; Petar Parčević) or Petar Mihaylov Parchev (Петър Михайлов Парчев) (c. 1612–23 July 1674) was a Bulgarian Roman Catholic archbishop, diplomat, scholar, baron of Austria and one of the architects behind the anti-Ottoman Chiprovtsi Uprising.

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Pietro Vidoni

Pietro Vidoni (8 November 1610 – 5 January 1681) was an Italian cardinal and between 1652–1660 a papal legate and nuncio to Poland.

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Pinsk

Pinsk (Пі́нск, Pinsk; Пи́нск; Пи́нськ, Pyns'k; Pińsk; Yiddish/פינסק, Pinskas) is a city in Belarus, in the Polesia region, traversed by the river Pina, at the confluence of the Pina and Pripyat rivers.

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Poland

Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.

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Polish Crown Jewels

The only surviving original piece of the Polish Crown Jewels from the time of the Piast dynasty is the ceremonial sword – Szczerbiec.

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Polish cuisine

Polish cuisine is a style of cooking and food preparation originating in or widely popular in Poland.

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Polish opera

Polish opera may be broadly understood to include operas staged in Poland and works written for foreign stages by Polish composers, as well as opera in the Polish language.

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Polish złoty

The złoty (pronounced; sign: zł; code: PLN), which is the masculine form of the Polish adjective 'golden', is the currency of Poland.

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Polish–Lithuanian royal election, 1632

The Election Sejm of 1632 (September 27 – November 8, 1632, extended to November 13, 1632) was the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's election sejm that elevated Władysław IV to the Polish throne.

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Polish–Lithuanian royal election, 1648

The 1648 free election in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth began on October 6, 1648, and ended on November 17 of the same year.

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Polish–Lithuanian royal election, 1669

On 16 September 1668, King John II Casimir abdicated the Polish–Lithuanian throne.

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Polish–Swedish union

The Polish–Swedish union was a short-lived personal union between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Kingdom of Sweden, when Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, was crowned King of Sweden in 1592.

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Poraj coat of arms

Poraj is a Polish Coat of Arms.

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Poznań Royal-Imperial Route

The Royal-Imperial Route in Poznań (Trakt Królewsko-Cesarski w Poznaniu, Route der Könige und Kaiser) is a tourist walk running through the most important parts of the city and presenting the history, culture and identity of Poznań.

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Roman Colleges

Note: This article is based on the "Catholic Encyclopedia" 1913 and contains a large amount of out-dated information throughout, including the numbers of students.

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Royal Casket

The Royal Casket (Szkatuła Królewska) was a memorial created in 1800 by Izabela Czartoryska.

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Royal Castle, Poznań

The Royal Castle in Poznań (Zamek Królewski w Poznaniu) dates from 1249 and the reign of Przemysł I. Located in the Polish city of Poznań, it was largely destroyed during the Second World War but has since been partly rebuilt.

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Royal Castle, Warsaw

The Royal Castle in Warsaw (Zamek Królewski w Warszawie) is a castle residency that formerly served throughout the centuries as the official residence of the Polish monarchs.

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Royal elections in Poland

Royal elections in Poland (wolna elekcja, lit. free election) was the election of individual kings, rather than of dynasties, to the Polish throne.

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Royal Guards (Poland)

Royal Guards (also referred to as the Royal Foot Guards, Gwardia Piesza Koronna) were an elite military formation and regiment of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth directly responsible for the protection of the monarch and his family.

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Royal secretary

Royal Secretary is a position at the court of a monarch generally responsible for communicating the sovereign's wishes to the other members of government.

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Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)

The Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667, also called Thirteen Years' War, First Northern War, War for Ukraine or Russian Deluge (Potop rosyjski, Российский потоп), was a major conflict between Tsardom of Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Samuel Twardowski

Samuel Twardowski (before 1600 – 1661) was a Polish poet, diarist, and essayist who gained popularity in 17th century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, called by his contemporaries 'Polish Virgil'.

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Sasiv

Sasiv (Ukrainian: Сасів/, Polish: Sasów also Sassów, Ruthenian/Ruś.: Sassíw, Russian: Сасов/) is a town in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine, since 1945.

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Second Northern War

The Second Northern War (1655–60, also First or Little Northern War) was fought between Sweden and its adversaries the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1655–60), Russia (1656–58), Brandenburg-Prussia (1657–60), the Habsburg Monarchy (1657–60) and Denmark–Norway (1657–58 and 1658–60).

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Siege of Hlukhiv

The siege of Hlukhiv (Glukhov, Głuchów) took place during the Russo-Polish War of 1654–67.

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Siege of Jasna Góra

The Siege of Jasna Góra (also known less accurately as the Battle of Częstochowa, Oblężenie Jasnej Góry.) took place in the winter of 1655 during the Second Northern War, or 'The Deluge' — as the Swedish invasion of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is known.

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Siege of Kraków (1657)

The Siege of Kraków was one of the military conflicts of the Swedish and Transylvanian invasion of Poland, which took place in the summer of 1657.

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Siege of Smolensk (1632–33)

The Siege of Smolensk lasted almost a year between 1632 and 1633, when the Muscovite army besieged the Polish–Lithuanian city of Smolensk during the war named after that siege.

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Siege of Toruń (1658)

The Siege of Toruń was one of the battles during the Swedish invasion of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Second Northern War / Deluge).

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Siege of Warsaw (1656)

The Siege of Warsaw took place between April 24 and July 1, 1656.

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Siege of Zamość

Siege of Zamość was part of The Deluge.

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Siege of Zbarazh

The Siege of Zbarazh (Zbaraż, Збараж) was a 1649 battle of the Khmelnytsky Uprising.

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Sielec, Drohobych Raion

Sielec (Selets, Sielec) is a village about 13.5 kilometers southeast of Sambir within Drohobych district of Lviv province in western Ukraine.

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Sielecki

Sielecki (plural: Sieleccy, feminine form: Sielecka) is a Polish surname, also of one of the noble (szlachta) families.

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Sigismund Casimir

Sigismund Casimir, Crown Prince of Poland (Zygmunt Kazimierz Waza), (1 April 1640 – 9 August 1647), was the only legitimate son of King Władysław IV and his first wife Queen Cecilia Renata.

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Sigismund III Vasa

Sigismund III Vasa (also known as Sigismund III of Poland, Zygmunt III Waza, Sigismund, Žygimantas Vaza, English exonym: Sigmund; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632 N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, monarch of the united Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1587 to 1632, and King of Sweden (where he is known simply as Sigismund) from 1592 as a composite monarchy until he was deposed in 1599.

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Smolensk War

The Smolensk War (1632–1634) was a conflict fought between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia.

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Sopot

Sopot (Kashubian: Sopòt; German: Zoppot) is a seaside resort city in Eastern Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in northern Poland, with a population of approximately 40,000.

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St. Florian's Church

The Collegiate Church of St.

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St. John's Archcathedral, Warsaw

St.

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Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki

Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki (1589–1667) was a Polish noble, magnate and military leader.

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Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski

Prince Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski a.k.a. "Mirobulius Tassalinus" (4 March 1642 – 17 January 1702) was a Polish noble, politician, patron of the arts and writer.

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Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski

Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski (1634–1702) was a Polish nobleman, magnate, Grand Guardian of the Crown since 1660, the Grand Camp Leader of the Crown since 1661, voivode of the Ruthenian Voivodship since 1664, Field Crown Hetman since 1676, Great Crown Hetman since 1683 and castellan of Kraków since 1692.

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Stanisław Warszycki

Stanisław Warszycki of Abdank coat of arms (c. 1600 – 1680/1681) was a noble (szlachcic) and magnate in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Stare Drawsko

Stare Drawsko (Draheim, old Drahim before 1945) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czaplinek, within Drawsko County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

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Staszic Palace

Staszic Palace (Pałac Staszica) is an edifice at ulica Nowy Świat 72, Warsaw, Poland.

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State of the Teutonic Order

The State of the Teutonic Order (Staat des Deutschen Ordens; Civitas Ordinis Theutonici), also called Deutschordensstaat or Ordensstaat in German, was a crusader state formed by the Teutonic Knights or Teutonic Order during the 13th century Northern Crusades along the Baltic Sea.

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Stefan Czarniecki

Stefan Czarniecki of the Łodzia coat of arms (1599 – 16 February 1665) was a Polish nobleman, general and military commander.

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Stopnica

Stopnica is a town in Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland.

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Suwałki

Suwałki (Suvalkai, סואוואַלק) is a city in northeastern Poland with 69,210 inhabitants (2011).

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Sztafeta

Sztafeta (English: Relay Race) is a 1939 compendium of literary reportage written by Melchior Wańkowicz.

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Szymon Starowolski

Szymon Starowolski (1588 – 1656; Simon Starovolscius) was a writer, scholar and historian in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Taras Bulba

Taras Bulba («Тарас Бульба») is a romanticized historical novella by Nikolai Gogol.

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Territorial evolution of Poland

Poland (Polska) is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north.

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The Conversion of Saint Paul (Rubens, Berlin)

The Conversion of Saint Paul is a 1620s painting by Peter Paul Rubens, now missing or lost.

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The Deluge (film)

The Deluge (Potop) is a 1974 Polish historical drama film directed by Jerzy Hoffman.

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The Deluge (novel)

The Deluge (Potop) is a historical novel by the Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz, published in 1886.

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The Unknown War (book)

The Unknown War is a military history book written by Hienadz Sahanovich.

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Timeline of Polish history

This is a timeline of Polish history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Poland and its predecessor states.

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Treaty of Bromberg

The Treaty of Bromberg (Latin: Pacta Bydgostensia) or Treaty of Bydgoszcz was a treaty between John II Casimir of Poland and Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia, ratified at Bromberg (Bydgoszcz) on 6 November 1657.

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Treaty of Königsberg (1656)

The Treaty of Königsberg was concluded on 7 January (O.S.) / 17 January (N.S.) 1656 during the Second Northern War.

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Treaty of Oliva

The Treaty or Peace of Oliva of 23 April (OS)/3 May (NS) 1660Evans (2008), p.55 (Pokój Oliwski, Freden i Oliva, Vertrag von Oliva) was one of the peace treaties ending the Second Northern War (1655-1660).

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Treaty of Vienna (1656)

The treaty of Vienna, concluded on 1 December 1656, was an Austro–Polish alliance during the Second Northern War.

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Treaty of Vienna (1657)

The Treaty of Vienna, concluded on 27 May 1657, was an Austro–Polish alliance during the Second Northern War.

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Treaty of Zboriv

The Treaty of Zboriv was signed on August 17, 1649, after the Battle of Zboriv when the Crown forces of about 25,000 led by king John II Casimir of Poland clashed against a combined force of Ukrainian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars, led by hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky and khan İslâm III Giray of Crimea respectively, which numbered about 80,000.

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Truce of Vilna

Truce/Treaty of VilnaRobert I. Frost, After the deluge: Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655-1660, Cambridge University Press, 2004,, or Truce/Treaty of Niemieża (Rozejm w Niemieży)Edward Henry Lewinski Corwin, The Political History of Poland, Polish Book Importing Co, 1917, was a treaty signed at Niemieża (modern Nemėžis) near Vilnius (also known as Vilna) on 3 November 1656 between Tsardom of Russia and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, introducing a truce during the Russo-Polish War (1654–67) and an anti-Swedish alliance in the contemporaneous Second Northern War.

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Truce of Zamość

The Truce of Zamość was signed on November 20, 1648 during the siege of Zamość between the King of Poland John II Casimir of Poland and the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host Bohdan Khmelnytsky.

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Tyszowce

Tyszowce (טישעוויץ Tishevitz) is a town (since January 1, 2000) in Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland, with 359 inhabitants (2004).

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Ukraine

Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.

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Union of Kėdainiai

Union of Kėdainiai (or Agreement of Kėdainiai, Polish: Umowa Kiejdańska) was an agreement between several magnates of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the king of the Swedish Empire, Charles X Gustav.

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University of Lviv

The University of Lviv (Львівський університет, Uniwersytet Lwowski, Universität Lemberg, briefly known as the Theresianum in the early 19th-century), presently the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка) is the oldest university foundation in Ukraine, dating from 1661 when the Polish King, John II Casimir, granted it its first royal charter.

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Vaux-de-Cernay Abbey

Vaux-de-Cernay Abbey (Abbaye des Vaux-de-Cernay) was a Cistercian monastery in northern France (Ile-de-France), situated in Cernay-la-Ville, in the Diocese of Versailles, Yvelines.

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Vilkaviškis

Vilkaviškis (is a city in southwestern Lithuania. It is located northwest from Marijampolė, on a bank of Šeimena River. The city got its name from the Vilkauja River, a tributary to Šeimena. Initially named Vilkaujiškis the name was later changed to an easier to pronounce form Vilkaviškis. Until 1941 the city had a large Jewish Community which was annihilated by the Nazis and their local collaborators. The whole Jewish population was killed in a single day,(tzom-gedalia), after the entry of the Germans into the city. This is the town from which the Cauliflower Revolution originated.

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Vincenzo Viviani

Vincenzo Viviani (April 5, 1622 – September 22, 1703) was an Italian mathematician and scientist.

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Warsaw Barbican

The Warsaw Barbican (barbakan warszawski) is a barbican (semicircular fortified outpost) in Warsaw, Poland, and one of few remaining relics of the complex network of historic fortifications that once encircled Warsaw.

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Warsaw Stock Exchange

The Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE), Giełda Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie, is a stock exchange in Warsaw, Poland.

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Wawel Castle

The Wawel Castle is a castle residency located in central Kraków, Poland.

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Wawel Cathedral

The Royal Archcathedral Basilica of Saints Stanislaus and Wenceslaus on the Wawel Hill (królewska bazylika archikatedralna śś.), also known as the Wawel Cathedral (katedra wawelska), is a Roman Catholic church located on Wawel Hill in Kraków, Poland.

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Władysław Dominik Zasławski

Prince Wladysław Dominik Zasławski-Ostrogski (ca. 1616 – 1656) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic) of Ruthenian stock.

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Władysław IV Vasa

Władysław IV Vasa (Władysław IV Waza; Vladislovas Vaza; r; Vladislaus IV Vasa or Ladislaus IV Vasa; 9 June 1595 – 20 May 1648) was a Polish prince from the Royal House of Vasa.

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Władysław Wołłowicz

Władysław Wołłowicz (Vladislovas Valavičius) (1615 - 14 September 1668, Vilnius) was a nobleman, commander and statesman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

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Wejherowo

Wejherowo (Wejrowò, Neustadt in Westpreußen) is a town in Gdańsk Pomerania, northern Poland, with 50,310 inhabitants (2012).

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Wespazjan Kochowski

Wespazjan (Vespasian) Kochowski (coat of arms: Nieczuja) (1633 in Gaj, a village which no longer exists, near Waśniów in Sandomierz Land – June 6, 1700 in Kraków) was one of the most noted historians and poets of Polish Baroque, the most typical representative of the philosophy and literature of Sarmatism.

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Willem Hondius

Willem Hondius or Willem Hondt (ca. 1598 in The Hague – 1652 or 1658 in Danzig (Gdańsk)) was a Dutch engraver, cartographer and painter who spent most of his life in Poland.

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Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski

Wincenty Aleksander Korwin Gosiewski de armis Ślepowron (c. 1620 – 29 November 1662) – was a Polish nobleman, general, Field-Commander of Lithuania from 1654, Grand Treasurer of Lithuania and Lithuanian Great-Quartermaster since 1652, General of Artillery of Lithuania from 1651, Grand-Master of the Pantry of Lithuania from 1646 (honorary court title).

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With Fire and Sword

With Fire and Sword (Ogniem i mieczem) is a historical novel by the Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz, published in 1884.

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With Fire and Sword (film)

With Fire and Sword (Ogniem i Mieczem; Вогнем і Мечем, Vohnem i Mechem) is a 1999 Polish historical drama film directed by Jerzy Hoffman.

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Yurii Khmelnytsky

Yuri Khmelnytsky (Юрій Хмельницький, Jerzy Chmielnicki, Юрий Хмельницкий) (1641–1685), younger son of the famous Ukrainian Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky and brother of Tymofiy Khmelnytsky, was a Zaporozhian Cossack political and military leader.

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Zamość Fortress

Zamość Fortress (Twierdza Zamość) is a set of fortifications constructed together with the city of Zamość (southeastern Poland).

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1609

No description.

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1656

No description.

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1656 in Sweden

Events from the year 1656 in Sweden.

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1672

No description.

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Redirects here:

Jan II Casimir, Jan II Casimir Vasa, Jan II Kazimierz, Jan II Kazimierz Vasa, Jan II Kazimierz Waza, Jan II Kazimierz of Poland, Jan Kazimierz, Jan Kazimierz II Vasa, Jan Kazimierz II of Poland, Jan Kazimierz Vasa, Jan Kazimierz Waza, Jan Kazimierz Wazy, Jan Kazimierz of Poland, John Casimir Vasa, John Casimir Vaza, John Casimir of Poland, John Casimir, King of Poland, John II Casimir, John II Casimir of Poland, John II Vasa, John II of Poland, John II. Casimir Vasa, King Jan Kazimierz, King Jan Kazimierz of Poland.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_II_Casimir_Vasa

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