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206 relations: Acantholysis, Acitretin, Acne, Actinic keratosis, Activin and inhibin, Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, Adapalene, Alefacept, ALOXE3, Alternatives to animal testing, Anatomy, ANGPTL4, AP-1 transcription factor, Aquaporin 3, Arsenical keratosis, Asd RNA motif, Aspatos, Beta-defensin 2, Birthmark, BNC1, Bovine papillomavirus, Calcipotriol, Callus, CALML5, Cannabinoid receptor, Cathepsin S, Cāng zhú, CCHCR1, CDK2AP1, CELA1, Cell culture, Ceramide synthase 3, Cetrimonium bromide, Chitin, Chronic wound, CHUK, Citrullination, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Collagen, type VII, alpha 1, Collagen, type XVI, alpha 1, Collagen, type XXIII, alpha 1, Complement component 3, Copper peptide GHK-Cu, Corneocyte, Cutaneous condition, Cuticle, Cytolethal distending toxin, Dandruff, DCHS1, Dermal equivalent, ..., Desquamation, Diabetic foot ulcer, DNA vaccination, Dyskeratosis congenita, Earwax, Epidermal differentiation complex, Epidermis, Estradiol, Exfoliatin, FABP5, Falcarinol, Fibroblast growth factor, Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, Fibromodulin, Formyl peptide receptor 1, FOXM1, FOXO1, Freckle, FYN, Galectin, GLI2, Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Glossary of medicine, GPR132, Granulin, Granzyme B, HaCaT, Hemidesmosome, Heparan sulfate, HNF1A, Hsp27, Human papillomavirus infection, Human polyomavirus 7, Human skin, Human skin color, Hyaluronic acid, Hydropic swell, Hypoxia-inducible factors, IFNK, IL1A, IL36G, Immune system, Indoor tanning, Integumentary system, Interleukin, Interleukin 15, Interleukin 17, Interleukin 20, Interleukin 22, Interleukin 33, Interleukin 36, Interleukin 7, Interleukin 8, Interleukin-1 receptor family, Involucrin, Irene Leigh, Irritant diaper dermatitis, Irwin Freedberg, Irwin McLean, Ixekizumab, Keratin, Keratin 2A, Keratin 5, Keratinocyte growth factor, Keratinocyte transglutaminase, Keratosis, KLF9, KPRP, Lamellar bodies, Lamellipodium, Lavender (chicken plumage), Leukotriene B4 receptor 2, Light skin, List of cutaneous conditions, List of distinct cell types in the adult human body, List of human cell types derived from the germ layers, List of MeSH codes (A11), Lyme disease microbiology, Mannose receptor, Margaret Stanley (virologist), Matrix metalloproteinase, Mediator (coactivator), Medical uses of salicylic acid, Melanin, Melanin-concentrating hormone, Melanoacanthoma, Melanocyte, Melanosome, Michael F. Holick, Mir-19 microRNA precursor family, MiR-203, Mitochondrial ROS, MTA3, Ned D. Heindel, Neurokinin A, Niacin, Oclacitinib, Octyl methoxycinnamate, Oral mucosa, Oral mucosa tissue engineering, Pancreatic elastase, Papillomaviridae, Paraneoplastic pemphigus, Pemphigus vulgaris, Periostin, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, Photoaging, Platinum nanoparticle, Plectin, Poroma, PRINS (gene), Progesterone, Prostaglandin EP1 receptor, Prostaglandin F receptor, Psoriasis, Red burning skin, Respiratory epithelium, Rotating locomotion in living systems, Safety of electronic cigarettes, Sandalore, SCEL (gene), Seborrheic keratosis, Secukinumab, Sense, Skin, Skin equivalent, Skin whitening, Sphingosine-1-phosphate, Spinous cell, Squamous cell carcinoma, Stratum basale, Stratum corneum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum lucidum, Suresh Rattan, Systemic lupus erythematosus, T-cadherin, TGF alpha, TLR2, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Transforming growth factor, Trichodysplasia spinulosa, TRIM32, TRPV3, Type 3 innate lymphoid cells, UVB-induced apoptosis, Valerie Horsley, Verruciform xanthoma, Vitamin D, Wound healing, Zinc, 12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase, 3T3 cells, 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid. Expand index (156 more) »
Acantholysis
Acantholysis is the loss of intercellular connections, such as desmosomes, resulting in loss of cohesion between keratinocytes,Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelso; Abbas, Abul (2004) Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (7th ed.). Saunders.
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Acitretin
Acitretin (trade names Soriatane and Neotigason) is a second-generation retinoid.
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Acne
Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin disease that occurs when hair follicles are clogged with dead skin cells and oil from the skin.
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Actinic keratosis
Actinic keratosis (AK) is a pre-cancerous patch of thick, scaly, or crusty skin.
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Activin and inhibin
Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects.
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Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) (also known as pustular drug eruption and toxic pustuloderma) is a rare skin reaction that in 90% of cases is related to medication administration.
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Adapalene
Adapalene is a third-generation topical retinoid primarily used in the treatment of mild-moderate acne, and is also used off-label to treat keratosis pilaris as well as other skin conditions.
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Alefacept
Alefacept is a genetically engineered immunosuppressive drug.
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ALOXE3
Epidermis-type lipoxygenase 3 (ALOXE3 or eLOX3) is a member of the lipoxygenase family of enzymes; in humans, it is encoded by the ALOXE3 gene.
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Alternatives to animal testing
Alternatives to animal testing are the development and implementation of test methods that avoid the use of live animals.
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Anatomy
Anatomy (Greek anatomē, “dissection”) is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.
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ANGPTL4
Angiopoietin-like 4 is a protein that in human is encoded by the ANGPTL4 gene.
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AP-1 transcription factor
Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress, and bacterial and viral infections.
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Aquaporin 3
Aquaporin 3 is found in the basolateral cell membrane of principal collecting duct cells and provides a pathway for water to exit these cells.
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Arsenical keratosis
An arsenical keratosis is a growth of keratin on the skin caused by arsenic,Freedberg, et al.
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Asd RNA motif
The asd RNA motif is a conserved RNA structure found is certain lactic acid bacteria.
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Aspatos
Aspatos is the pseudonym of writer and scientist Javier Orozco, born 1970 in León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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Beta-defensin 2
Beta-defensin 2 (BD-2) also known as skin-antimicrobial peptide 1 (SAP1) is a peptide that in humans is encoded by the DEFB4 (defensin, beta 4) gene.
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Birthmark
A birthmark is a congenital, benign irregularity on the skin which is present at birth or appears shortly after birth, usually in the first month.
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BNC1
Zinc finger protein basonuclin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BNC1 gene.
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Bovine papillomavirus
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) is a group of DNA viruses of the family Papillomaviridae that are common in cattle.
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Calcipotriol
Calcipotriol (INN) or calcipotriene (USAN) is a synthetic derivative of calcitriol, a form of vitamin D. It is used in the treatment of psoriasis, marketed under the trade name "Dovonex" in the United States, "Daivonex" outside North America, and "Psorcutan" in Germany.
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Callus
A callus is an area of thickened skin that forms as a response to repeated friction, pressure, or other irritation.
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CALML5
Calmodulin-like protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CALML5 gene.
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Cannabinoid receptor
Cannabinoid receptors, located throughout the body, are part of the endocannabinoid system, which is involved in a variety of physiological processes including appetite, pain-sensation, mood, and memory.
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Cathepsin S
Cathepsin S is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSS gene.
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Cāng zhú
Cāng zhú (苍术 or 蒼术 or 蒼朮), also known as black atractylodes rhizome or Rhizoma Atractylodes, is a Chinese herbal medicine.
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CCHCR1
Coiled-coil alpha-helical rod protein 1, also known as CCHCR1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCHCR1 gene.
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CDK2AP1
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK2AP1 gene.
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CELA1
Chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 1 (CELA1) also known as elastase-1 (ELA1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CELA1 gene.
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Cell culture
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside their natural environment.
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Ceramide synthase 3
Ceramide synthase 3 (CersS3), also known as longevity assurance homologue 3, is an enzyme that is encoded in humans by the CERS3 gene.
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Cetrimonium bromide
Cetrimonium bromide Br; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide; CTAB is a quaternary ammonium surfactant.
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Chitin
Chitin (C8H13O5N)n, a long-chain polymer of ''N''-acetylglucosamine, is a derivative of glucose.
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Chronic wound
A chronic wound is a wound that does not heal in an orderly set of stages and in a predictable amount of time the way most wounds do; wounds that do not heal within three months are often considered chronic.
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CHUK
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha (IKK-α) also known as IKK1 or conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase (CHUK) is a protein kinase that in humans is encoded by the CHUK gene.
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Citrullination
Citrullination or deimination is the conversion of the amino acid arginine in a protein into the amino acid citrulline.
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Cladosporium cladosporioides
Cladosporium cladosporioides is a darkly pigmented mold that occurs world-wide on a wide range of materials both outdoors and indoors.
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Collagen, type VII, alpha 1
Collagen alpha-1(VII) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL7A1 gene.
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Collagen, type XVI, alpha 1
Collagen alpha-1(XVI) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL16A1 gene.
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Collagen, type XXIII, alpha 1
Collagen α-1 (XXIII) chain is a protein encoded by COL23A1 gene, which is located on chromosome 5q35 in humans, and on chromosome 11B1+2 in mice.
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Complement component 3
Complement component 3, often simply called C3, is a protein of the immune system.
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Copper peptide GHK-Cu
Copper peptide GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper complex of a glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine peptide.
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Corneocyte
Corneocytes are terminally differentiated keratinocytes and compose most if not all of the stratum corneum, the outermost part of the epidermis.
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Cutaneous condition
A cutaneous condition is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, hair, nails, and related muscle and glands.
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Cuticle
A cuticle, or cuticula, is any of a variety of tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection.
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Cytolethal distending toxin
Cytolethal distending toxins (abbreviated CDTs) are a class of heterotrimeric toxins produced by certain gram-negative bacteria that display DNase activity.
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Dandruff
Dandruff is a skin condition that mainly affects the scalp.
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DCHS1
Protein dachsous homolog 1, also known as protocadherin-16 (PCDH16) or cadherin-19 (CDH19) or cadherin-25 (CDH25) or fibroblast cadherin-1 (FIB1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCHS1 gene.
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Dermal equivalent
The dermal equivalent is an in vitro model of the dermal layer of skin.
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Desquamation
Desquamation, also called skin peeling, is the shedding of the outermost membrane or layer of a tissue, such as the skin.
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Diabetic foot ulcer
Diabetic foot ulcer is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, and probably the major component of the diabetic foot.
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DNA vaccination
DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting against disease by injection with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen, producing a protective immunological response.
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Dyskeratosis congenita
Dyskeratosis congenita (DKC), also called Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome,James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005).
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Earwax
Earwax, also known by the medical term cerumen, is a gray, orange, or yellowish waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and other mammals.
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Epidermal differentiation complex
The epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) is a gene complex comprising over fifty genes encoding proteins involved in the terminal differentiation and cornification of keratinocytes, the primary cell type of the epidermis.
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Epidermis
The epidermis is the outer layer of the three layers that make up the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis.
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Estradiol
Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone.
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Exfoliatin
Exfoliatin is a Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin that causes a blistering of the skin known as staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, usually in infants.
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FABP5
Fatty acid-binding protein, epidermal is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FABP5 gene.
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Falcarinol
Falcarinol (also known as carotatoxin or panaxynol) is a natural pesticide and fatty alcohol found in carrots (Daucus carota), red ginseng (Panax ginseng) and ivy.
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Fibroblast growth factor
The fibroblast growth factors are a family of cell signalling proteins that are involved in a wide variety of processes, most notably as crucial elements for normal development.
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Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) also known as CD332 (cluster of differentiation 332) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGFR2 gene residing on chromosome 10.
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Fibromodulin
Fibromodulin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FMOD gene.
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Formyl peptide receptor 1
Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1, FPR1 receptor, fMet-Leu-Phe receptor 1, FMLP receptor 1, or N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine receptor 1) is a cell surface receptor protein that in humans is encoded by the formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) gene.
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FOXM1
Forkhead box protein M1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXM1 gene.
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FOXO1
Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) also known as forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXO1 gene.
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Freckle
Freckles are clusters of concentrated melaninized cells which are most easily visible on people with a fair complexion.
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FYN
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn (p59-FYN, Slk, Syn, MGC45350, Gene ID 2534) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FYN gene.
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Galectin
Galectins are a class of proteins that bind specifically to β-galactoside sugars, such as N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-3GlcNAc or Galβ1-4GlcNAc), which can be bound to proteins by either N-linked or O-linked glycosylation.
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GLI2
Zinc finger protein GLI2 also known as GLI family zinc finger 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GLI2 gene.
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Glial fibrillary acidic protein
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a protein that is encoded by the GFAP gene in humans.
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Glossary of medicine
This glossary of medical terms is a list of definitions about medicine, its sub-disciplines, and related fields.
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GPR132
G protein coupled receptor 132, also termed G2A, is classified as a member of the proton sensing G protein coupled receptor (GPR) subfamily.
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Granulin
Granulin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRN gene.
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Granzyme B
Granzyme B is a serine protease most commonly found in the granules of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs), natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T cells.
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HaCaT
HaCaT is a spontaneously transformed aneuploid immortal keratinocyte cell line from adult human skin, widely used in scientific research.
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Hemidesmosome
Hemidesmosomes (HD) are very small stud-like structures found in keratinocytes of the epidermis of skin that attach to the extracellular matrix (ECM).
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Heparan sulfate
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide found in all animal tissues.
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HNF1A
HNF1 homeobox A (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox A), also known as HNF1A, is a human gene on chromosome 12.
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Hsp27
Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) also known as heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPB1 gene.
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Human papillomavirus infection
Human papillomavirus infection is an infection by human papillomavirus (HPV).
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Human polyomavirus 7
Human polyomavirus 7 (HPyV7) is a virus of the polyomavirus family that infects human hosts.
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Human skin
The human skin is the outer covering of the body.
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Human skin color
Human skin color ranges in variety from the darkest brown to the lightest hues.
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Hyaluronic acid
Hyaluronic acid (HA; conjugate base hyaluronate), also called hyaluronan, is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues.
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Hydropic swell
Hydropic swelling is intracellular edema of keratinocytes, often seen with viral infections.
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Hypoxia-inducible factors
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that respond to decreases in available oxygen in the cellular environment, or hypoxia.
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IFNK
Interferon kappa, also known as IFN-kappa, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IFNK gene.
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IL1A
Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) also known as hematopoietin 1 is a cytokine of the interleukin 1 family that in humans is encoded by the IL1A gene.
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IL36G
Interleukin-36 gamma previously known as interleukin-1 family member 9 (IL1F9) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL36G gene.
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Immune system
The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.
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Indoor tanning
Indoor tanning involves using a device that emits ultraviolet radiation to produce a cosmetic tan.
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Integumentary system
The integumentary system comprises the skin and its appendages acting to protect the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or abrasion from outside.
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Interleukin
Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins and signal molecules) that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes).
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Interleukin 15
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine with structural similarity to Interleukin-2 (IL-2).
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Interleukin 17
Interleukin 17A (IL-17 or IL-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
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Interleukin 20
Interleukin 20 (IL20) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL20 gene.
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Interleukin 22
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is protein that in humans is encoded by the IL22 gene.
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Interleukin 33
Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL33 gene.
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Interleukin 36
Interleukin 36, or IL-36, is a group of cytokines in the IL-1 family with pro-inflammatory effects.
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Interleukin 7
Interleukin 7 (IL-7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL7 gene.
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Interleukin 8
Interleukin 8 (IL8 or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, CXCL8) is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells.
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Interleukin-1 receptor family
Members of the very wide interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family are characterized by extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains and intracellular Toll/Interleukin-1R (TIR) domain.
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Involucrin
Involucrin is a protein component of human skin and in humans is encoded by the IVL gene.
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Irene Leigh
Irene May Leigh is a British dermatologist.
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Irritant diaper dermatitis
Irritant diaper dermatitis is a generic term applied to skin rashes in the diaper area that are caused by various skin disorders and/or irritants.
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Irwin Freedberg
Irwin Mark Freedberg, MD (born c. 1933, Brookline, Massachusetts; died July 17, 2005, New York City) was an American dermatologist.
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Irwin McLean
(William Henry) Irwin McLean (born 1963) FRS FRSE FMedSci is Professor of Human genetics, Head of the Division of Molecular Medicine and Scientific Director of the Centre for Dermatology and Genetic Medicine at the University of Dundee.
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Ixekizumab
Ixekizumab (trade name Taltz; pronounced ix-ee-KIZ-ue-mab) is an injectable drug for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Keratin
Keratin is one of a family of fibrous structural proteins.
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Keratin 2A
Keratin 2A also known as keratin 2E or keratin 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT2A gene.
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Keratin 5
Keratin 5, also known as KRT5, K5, or CK5, is a protein that is encoded in humans by the KRT5 gene.
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Keratinocyte growth factor
The keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), also known as FGF7, is a growth factor present in the epithelialization-phase of wound healing.
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Keratinocyte transglutaminase
Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase K is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TGM1 gene.
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Keratosis
Keratosis (from kerat- + -osis) is a growth of keratin on the skin or on mucous membranes stemming from keratinocytes, the prominent cell type in the epidermis.
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KLF9
Krueppel-like factor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLF9 gene.
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KPRP
KPRP may refer to.
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Lamellar bodies
In cell biology, lamellar bodies (otherwise known as lamellar granules, membrane-coating granules (MCGs), keratinosomes or Odland bodies) are secretory organelles found in type II alveolar cells in the lungs, and in keratinocytes in the skin.
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Lamellipodium
The lamellipodium (plural lamellipodia) (from Latin lamina, "thin sheet"; pod, "foot") is a cytoskeletal protein actin projection on the leading edge of the cell.
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Lavender (chicken plumage)
Lavender or self-blue refers to a plumage color pattern in the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) characterized by a uniform, pale bluish grey color across all feathers.
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Leukotriene B4 receptor 2
Leukotriene B4 receptor 2, also known as BLT2, BLT2 receptor, and BLTR2, is a Integral membrane protein that is encoded by the LTB4R2 gene in humans and the Ltbr2 gene in mice.
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Light skin
Light skin is a naturally occurring human skin color, which has little eumelanin pigmentation and which has been adapted to environments of low UV radiation.
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List of cutaneous conditions
Many conditions affect the human integumentary system—the organ system covering the entire surface of the body and composed of skin, hair, nails, and related muscle and glands.
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List of distinct cell types in the adult human body
There are many different types of cell in the human body.
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List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
This is a list of cells in humans derived from the germ layers, which includes the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
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List of MeSH codes (A11)
The following is a list of the "A" codes for MeSH.
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Lyme disease microbiology
Lyme disease, or borreliosis, is caused by spirochetal bacteria from the genus Borrelia, which has 52 known species.
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Mannose receptor
The mannose receptor (Cluster of Differentiation 206, CD206) is a C-type lectin primarily present on the surface of macrophages and immature dendritic cells, but is also expressed on the surface of skin cells such as human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes.
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Margaret Stanley (virologist)
Margaret Anne Stanley, OBE FMedSci is a British virologist and epithelial biologist.
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Matrix metalloproteinase
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also known as matrixins, are calcium-dependent zinc-containing endopeptidases; other family members are adamalysins, serralysins, and astacins.
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Mediator (coactivator)
Mediator is a multiprotein complex that functions as a transcriptional coactivator in all eukaryotes.
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Medical uses of salicylic acid
Salicylic acid is used as a medicine to help remove the outer layer of the skin.
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Melanin
Melanin (from μέλας melas, "black, dark") is a broad term for a group of natural pigments found in most organisms.
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Melanin-concentrating hormone
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a cyclic 19-amino acid orexigenic hypothalamic peptide originally isolated from the pituitary gland of teleost fish, where it controls skin pigmentation.
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Melanoacanthoma
Melanoacanthoma (also known as "Pigmented seborrheic keratosis") is a common, benign, darkly pigmented cutaneous condition characterized by a skin lesion with a dull or lackluster surface.
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Melanocyte
Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart.
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Melanosome
A melanosome is an organelle found in animal cells and is the site for synthesis, storage and transport of melanin, the most common light-absorbing pigment found in the animal kingdom.
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Michael F. Holick
Michael F. Holick (born 1946) is an American adult endocrinologist, specializing in the field of vitamin D, such as the identification of both calcidiol, the major circulating form of vitamin D, and calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D. His work has been the basis for diagnostic tests and therapies for vitamin D-related diseases.
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Mir-19 microRNA precursor family
There are 89 known sequences today in the microRNA 19 (miR-19) family but it will change quickly.
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MiR-203
In molecular biology miR-203 is a short non-coding RNA molecule.
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Mitochondrial ROS
Mitochondrial ROS (mtROS or mROS) are reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are produced by mitochondria.
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MTA3
Metastasis-associated protein MTA3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTA3 gene.
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Ned D. Heindel
Ned D. Heindel (September 4, 1937) is an American chemist.
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Neurokinin A
Neurokinin A, formerly known as Substance K, is a neurologically active peptide translated from the pre-protachykinin gene.
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Niacin
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound and a form of vitamin B3, an essential human nutrient.
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Oclacitinib
Oclacitinib (brand name Apoquel) is a veterinary medication used in the control of atopic dermatitis and pruritus from allergic dermatitis in dogs at least 12 months of age.
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Octyl methoxycinnamate
Octyl methoxycinnamate or ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (INCI) or octinoxate (USAN), trade names Eusolex 2292 and Uvinul MC80, is an organic compound that is an ingredient in some sunscreens and lip balms.
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Oral mucosa
The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane lining the inside of the mouth and consists of stratified squamous epithelium termed oral epithelium and an underlying connective tissue termed lamina propria.
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Oral mucosa tissue engineering
Tissue engineering of oral mucosa combines cells, materials and engineering to produce a three-dimensional reconstruction of oral mucosa.
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Pancreatic elastase
Pancreatic elastase is a form of elastase that is produced in the acinar cells of the pancreas, initially produced as an inactive zymogen and later activated in the duodenum by trypsin.
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Papillomaviridae
Papillomaviridae is an ancient taxonomic family of non-enveloped DNA viruses, collectively known as papillomaviruses.
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Paraneoplastic pemphigus
Paraneoplastic pemphigus is an autoimmune disorder stemming from an underlying tumor.
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Pemphigus vulgaris
Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare chronic blistering skin disease and the most common form of pemphigus.
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Periostin
Periostin (POSTN, PN, or osteoblast-specific factor OSF-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POSTN gene.
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta or delta (PPAR-β or PPAR-δ), also known as NR1C2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 2) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the PPARD gene.
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Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) is an enzyme found primarily in the adrenal medulla that converts norepinephrine (noradrenaline) to epinephrine (adrenaline).
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Photoaging
Photoaging or photoageing (also known as "dermatoheliosis") is a term used for the characteristic changes to skin induced by chronic UVA and UVB exposure.
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Platinum nanoparticle
Platinum nanoparticles are usually in the form of a suspension or colloid of nanoparticles of platinum in a fluid, usually water.
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Plectin
Plectin is a giant protein found in nearly all mammalian cells which acts as a link between the three main components of the cytoskeleton: actin microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments.
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Poroma
A poroma is a benign skin tumor derived from sweat glands.
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PRINS (gene)
PRINS (psoriasis associated RNA induced by stress) is a long non-coding RNA.
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Progesterone
Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.
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Prostaglandin EP1 receptor
Prostaglandin E2 receptor 1 (EP1) is a 42kDa prostaglandin receptor encoded by the PTGER1 gene.
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Prostaglandin F receptor
Prostaglandin F receptor (FP) is a receptor belonging to the prostaglandin (PG) group of receptors.
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Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin.
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Red burning skin
Red burning skin, also known as topical steroid addiction and steroid dermatitis, has been reported in long-term users of topical steroids.
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Respiratory epithelium
Respiratory epithelium is a type of ciliated epithelium found lining most of the respiratory tract, where it serves to moisten and protect the airways.
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Rotating locomotion in living systems
Several organisms are capable of rolling locomotion; however, true wheels and propellers—despite their utility in human vehicles—do not appear to play a significant role in the movement of living things (with the exception of certain flagella, which function like corkscrews).
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Safety of electronic cigarettes
The safety of electronic cigarettes is uncertain.
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Sandalore
Sandalore is a synthetic sandalwood odorant with odor in some ways similar to sandalwood and consequently used in perfumes, emollients, and skin cleaning agents.
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SCEL (gene)
Sciellin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCEL gene.
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Seborrheic keratosis
A seborrheic keratosis, also known as seborrheic verruca, basal cell papilloma, or a senile wart,Freedberg, et al.
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Secukinumab
Secukinumab, trade name Cosentyx, is a human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody that binds to the protein interleukin (IL)-17A, and is marketed by Novartis for the treatment of psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis.
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Sense
A sense is a physiological capacity of organisms that provides data for perception.
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Skin
Skin is the soft outer tissue covering vertebrates.
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Skin equivalent
A skin equivalent is an in vitro skin model using to conduct experiments on processes involving the skin, such as wound healing and keratinocyte migration.
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Skin whitening
Skin whitening is the practice of using substances, mixtures, or physical treatments to lighten skin color.
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling sphingolipid, also known as lysosphingolipid.
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Spinous cell
Spinous cells, or prickle cells, are keratin producing epidermal cells owing their prickly appearance to their numerous intracellular connections.
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Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinomas, also known as epidermoid carcinoma are a number of different types of cancer that result from squamous cells.
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Stratum basale
The stratum basale (basal layer, sometimes referred to as stratum germinativum) is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis, the outer covering of skin in mammals.
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Stratum corneum
The stratum corneum (Latin for 'horny layer') is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead cells (corneocytes).
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Stratum granulosum
The stratum granulosum (or granular layer) is a thin layer of cells in the epidermis.
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Stratum lucidum
The stratum lucidum (Latin for "clear layer") is a thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis named for its translucent appearance under a microscope.
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Suresh Rattan
Suresh Rattan (full name: Suresh Inder Singh Rattan; born in 1955 in Amritsar, India) is a biogerontologist – a researcher in the field of biology of ageing, biogerontology.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), also known simply as lupus, is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body.
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T-cadherin
T-cadherin also known as cadherin 13, H-cadherin (heart) (CDH13) is a unique member of cadherin superfamily because it lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains and is anchored to the cells membrane through the GPI anchor.
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TGF alpha
Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TGFA gene.
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TLR2
Toll-like receptor 2 also known as TLR2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR2 gene.
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Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a type of severe skin reaction.
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Transforming growth factor
Transforming growth factor (sometimes referred to as Tumor growth factor, or TGF) is used to describe two classes of polypeptide growth factors, TGFα and TGFβ.
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Trichodysplasia spinulosa
Trichodysplasia spinulosa (also known by many other names, including viral-associated trichodysplasia spinulosa, viral-associated trichodysplasia, pilomatrix dysplasia and ciclosporin-induced folliculodystrophy, although the last is a misnomer) is a rare cutaneous condition that has been described almost exclusively in immunocompromised patients, usually organ transplant recipients, on regimens of immunosuppressive drugs.
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TRIM32
Tripartite motif-containing protein 32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM32 gene.
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TRPV3
Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 3, also known as TRPV3, is a human gene encoding the protein of the same name.
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Type 3 innate lymphoid cells
Type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) are lymphoid line immune cells and are one of the classified type of Innate lymphoid cells.
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UVB-induced apoptosis
UVB-induced apoptosis is the programmed cell death of cells that become damaged by ultraviolet rays.
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Valerie Horsley
Valerie Horsley is an American cell and developmental biologist.
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Verruciform xanthoma
Verruciform xanthoma is an uncommon benign lesion that has a verruciform (wart-like) appearance, but it may appear polypoid, papillomatous, or sessile.
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Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and multiple other biological effects.
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Wound healing
Wound healing is an intricate process in which the skin repairs itself after injury.
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Zinc
Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.
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12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid
12-Hydroxyheptadecatrenoic acid (also termed 12-HHT, 12(S)-hydroxyheptadeca-5Z,8E,10E-trienoic acid, or 12(S)-HHTrE) is a 17 carbon metabolite of the 20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid.
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25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase
25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase (VD3 1A hydroxylase) also known as cytochrome p450 27B1 (CYP27B1) or simply 1-alpha-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP27B1 gene.
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3T3 cells
3T3 cells come from a cell line established in 1962 by two scientists then at the Department of Pathology in the New York University School of Medicine, George Todaro and Howard Green.
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5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid
5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (i.e. 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid; also termed 5-oxo-ETE and 5-oxoETE) is a Nonclassic eicosanoid metabolite of arachidonic acid and the most potent naturally occurring member of the 5-HETE family of cell signaling agents.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratinocyte
