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A Vlaicu III

The A Vlaicu III was the world's first metal-built aircraft designed and built in Romania prior to World War I. It was the third powered aircraft designed by pioneering Romanian aviator Aurel Vlaicu.

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A. de Herz

Adolf Edmund George de Herz, commonly shortened to A. de Herz, also rendered as Hertz and Herț (December 15, 1887 – March 9, 1936), was a Romanian playwright and literary journalist, also active as a poet, short story author, and stage actor.

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A. L. Zissu

Abraham Leib Zissu (first name also Avram, middle name also Leiba or Leibu; January 25, 1888 – September 6, 1956) was a Romanian writer, political essayist, industrialist, and spokesman of the Jewish Romanian community.

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Abbas Helmi II of Egypt

Abbas II Helmy Bey (also known as ‘Abbās Ḥilmī Pasha, عباس حلمي باشا) (14 July 1874 – 19 December 1944) was the last Khedive (Ottoman viceroy) of Egypt and Sudan, ruling from 8 January 1892 to 19 December 1914.

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Abolition of monarchy

The abolition of monarchy involves the ending of monarchical elements in the government of a country.

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Abraham Harriton

Abraham Harriton was a Romanian-born Jewish modernist artist and social realism painter in the United States.

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Action of 26 June 1941

The Action of 26 June 1941 consisted in an engagement between the navies of Soviet Union and Romania, taking place on the Chilia branch of the Danube Delta, near the commune of Ceatalchioi.

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Action of 9 July 1941

The Action of 9 July 1941 was a naval engagement between the Soviet and Romanian navies during World War II, taking place near the Romanian port-city of Mangalia.

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Ada Kaleh

Ada Kaleh (from Adakale meaning "Island Fortress", Újorsova or Ada Kaleh, Serbian and Bulgarian: Адакале / Adakale) was a small island on the Danube in what is modern Romania, populated mostly by Turks of Romania, that was submerged during the construction of the Iron Gates hydroelectric plant in 1970.

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Adam Heller

Adam Heller (born June 25, 1933) is an Israeli-American engineer and Research Professor of the John J. McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin.

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Adela Xenopol

Adela Xenopol (1861–1939) was a Romanian feminist and writer.

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Adevărul

Adevărul (meaning "The Truth", formerly spelled Adevĕrul) is a Romanian daily newspaper, based in Bucharest.

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Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Romania (1941–44)

This article discusses the administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Romania between 1941 and 1944.

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Administrative divisions of the Ukrainian SSR

During its existence from 1919 to 1991, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic consisted of many administrative divisions.

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Aftermath of World War I

The aftermath of World War I saw drastic political, cultural, economic, and social change across Eurasia (Europe and Asia), Africa, and even in areas outside those that were directly involved.

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Aharon Appelfeld

Aharon Appelfeld (אהרן אפלפלד; born Ervin Appelfeld; February 16, 1932 – January 4, 2018) was an Israeli novelist and Holocaust survivor.

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Al. T. Stamatiad

Al.

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Alba County

Alba is a county (județ) of Romania, in Transylvania, its capital city being Alba-Iulia with a population of 63,536.

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Alba Iulia

Alba Iulia (Karlsburg or Carlsburg, formerly Weißenburg, Gyulafehérvár, Apulum, Ottoman Turkish: Erdel Belgradı or Belgrad-ı Erdel) is a city located on the Mureş River in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania, with a population of 63,536.

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Alcibiades Diamandi

Alcibiades Diamandi (in Greek: Αλκιβιάδης Διαμάντης) (sometimes spelled Diamanti or Diamantis) (August 13, 1893 in Samarina, Greece – July 9, 1948 in Bucharest, Romania) was an Aromanian (Vlach) political figure of Greece, active during the First and Second World Wars in connection with the Italian occupation forces and Romania.

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Alexander Bickel

Alexander Mordecai Bickel (December 17, 1924 – November 8, 1974) was an American law professor and expert on the United States Constitution.

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Alexander I of Yugoslavia

Alexander I (– 9 October 1934), also known as Alexander the Unifier, served as a prince regent of the Kingdom of Serbia from 1914 and later became King of Yugoslavia from 1921 to 1934 (prior to 1929 the state was known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes).

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Alexander Isaakovich Gelman

Alexander Isaakovich Gelman (Алекса́ндр Исаа́кович Ге́льман; born 25 October 1933 in Donduşeni), original given name Shunya (Шу́ня), is a Bessarabian-born Soviet and Russian playwright, writer, and screenwriter.

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Alexander Löhr

Alexander Löhr (20 May 1885 – 26 February 1947) was an Austrian Air Force commander during the 1930s and, after the annexation of Austria, he was a Luftwaffe commander.

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Alexandrina Cantacuzino

Alexandrina "Didina" Cantacuzino (born Alexandrina Pallady, also known as Alexandrina Grigore Cantacuzino; Francized Alexandrine Cantacuzène; September 20, 1876 – late 1944) was a Romanian political activist, philanthropist and diplomat, one of her country's leading feminists in the 1920s and '30s.

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Alexandru Al. Ioan Cuza

Alexandru Al.

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Alexandru B. Știrbei

Alexandru Barbu Știrbei, also rendered Alex.

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Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești

Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești (born Alexandru Bogdan, also known as Ion Doican, Ion Duican and Al. Dodan; June 13, 1870 – May 12, 1922) was a Romanian Symbolist poet, essayist, and art and literary critic, who was also known as a journalist and left-wing political agitator.

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Alexandru Șerbănescu

Alexandru "Alecu" Şerbănescu (17 May 1912 in Coloneşti, Olt County – 18 August 1944 in Ruşavăţ, Buzău County) was a leading Romanian fighter pilot and flying ace in World War II.

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Alexandru Fronea

Alexandru Fronea (15 November 1933 – 10 April 2013) was a Romanian football defender who played for Romania in the 1960 European Nations' Cup.

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Alexandru Lahovary

Alexandru Lahovary (Alexandru N. Lahovari; August 16, 1841 – March 4, 1897) was a member of the Romanian aristocracy, a politician and diplomat who served as the Minister of Justice, Minister of Agriculture, Industry, Trade and Property, Minister of Public Works and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kingdom of Romania.

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Alexandru Lapedatu

Alexandru I. Lapedatu (born September 14, 1876, Cernatu Săcelelor, Austria-Hungary - d. August 30, 1950, Sighetu Marmatiei, Romania) was Cults and Arts and State minister of Romania; President of the Senate of Romania;, and its and General Secretary.

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Alexandru Macedonski

Alexandru Macedonski (also rendered as Al. A. Macedonski, Macedonschi or Macedonsky; March 14, 1854 – November 24, 1920) was a Romanian poet, novelist, dramatist and literary critic, known especially for having promoted French Symbolism in his native country, and for leading the Romanian Symbolist movement during its early decades.

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Alexandru Marghiloman

Alexandru Marghiloman (4 July 1854 – 10 May 1925) was a Romanian conservative statesman who served for a short time in 1918 (March–October) as Prime Minister of Romania, and had a decisive role during World War I.

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Alexandru Moșanu

Alexandru Moșanu (July 19, 1932 in Braniște, Rîșcani – December 7, 2017 in Bucharest) was a Moldovan politician, historian and professor.

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Alexandru Moghioroș

Alexandru Moghioroș (Mogyorós Sándor; 23 October 1911 – 1 October 1969) was a Romanian communist activist and politician.

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Alexandru Philippide

Alexandru I. Philippide (May 1, 1859 – August 12, 1933) was a Romanian linguist and philologist.

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Alexandru Proca

Alexandru Proca (October 16, 1897, Bucharest – December 13, 1955, Paris) was a Romanian physicist who studied and worked in France.

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Alexandru Săvulescu (footballer)

Alexandru Săvulescu (8 January 1898 – 11 December 1961) was a Romanian football manager who coached Romania in the 1938 FIFA World Cup.

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Alexandru Toma

Alexandru Toma (occasionally known as A. Toma, born Solomon Moscovici; February 11, 1875 – August 15, 1954) was a Romanian poet, journalist and translator, known for his communist views and his role in introducing Socialist Realism and Stalinism to Romanian literature.

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Alexandru Tzigara-Samurcaș

Alexandru Tzigara-Samurcaș (also known as Al. Tzigara, Tzigara-Sumurcaș, Tzigara-Samurcash, Tzigara-Samurkasch or Țigara-Samurcaș; April 4, 1872 – April 1, 1952) was a Romanian art historian, ethnographer, museologist and cultural journalist, also known as local champion of art conservation, Romanian Police leader and pioneer radio broadcaster.

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Alexei Rudeanu

Alexei Rudeanu (April 12, 1939 in Chișinău - January 2, 2013 in Bucharest) was a Romanian author.

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Alexis Nour

Alexis Nour (born Alexei Vasile Nour,Gheorghe G. Bezviconi, Necropola Capitalei, Nicolae Iorga Institute of History, Bucharest, 1972, p.203 also known as Alexe Nour, Alexie Nour, As. Nr.;, National Library of Moldova, Chișinău, 2008, p.455 Алексе́й Ноур, Aleksey Nour; 1877–1940) was a Bessarabian-born Romanian journalist, activist and essayist, known for his advocacy of Romanian-Bessarabian union and his critique of the Russian Empire, but also for controversial political dealings.

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Alice Voinescu

Alice Voinescu (10 February 1885–4 June 1961) was a Romanian writer, essayist, university professor, theater critic and translator.

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Alliance

An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out among them.

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Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War

The Allied intervention was a multi-national military expedition launched during the Russian Civil War in 1918.

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Allies of World War I

The Allies of World War I, or Entente Powers, were the countries that opposed the Central Powers in the First World War.

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Allies of World War II

The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945).

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Alma Gluck

Alma Gluck (May 11, 1884October 27, 1938) was a Romanian-born American soprano.

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Ana Aslan

Ana Aslan (1 January 1897 – 20 May 1988) was a Romanian biologist and physician who discovered the anti-aging effects of procaine, based on the drugs Gerovital H3 and Aslavital, which she developed.

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Ana Cumpănaș

Ana Cumpănaș or Anna Sage, nicknamed Woman in Red (1889 – April 25, 1947), was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian prostitute and brothel owner in the American cities of Chicago and Gary.

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Anachronism

An anachronism (from the Greek ἀνά ana, "against" and χρόνος khronos, "time") is a chronological inconsistency in some arrangement, especially a juxtaposition of persons, events, objects, or customs from different periods of time.

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Anarchism in Romania

Anarchism in Romania developed in the 1880s within the larger Romanian socialist movement and it had a small following throughout all the existence of the Kingdom of Romania.

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Anarchism in Transnistria

Such as it is, anarchism in Transnistria has short but certainly extant history.

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Anastasie Fătu

Anastasie Fătu (originally Năstase Fêtu or Fĕtu, also known as Anastasius Fétul, Anastasie Fĕtul or Anastase Fătul; January 2, 1816 – March 15, 1886) was a Moldavian and Romanian physician, naturalist, philanthropist and political figure, a titular member of the Romanian Academy and founder of Iași's Botanical Garden.

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Anatolie Popa

Anatolie Popa (Анатолий Васильевич Попа, Anatoliy Vasilievich Popa; March 15, 1896 – June 25, 1920) was a Bessarabian-born military commander active during World War I and the Russian Revolution and Civil War, one of the organisers of the Moldavian armed resistance against the advancing Romanian troops in January 1918.

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Anatoly Lavrentiev

Anatoly Iosifovich Lavrentiev (1904 - 1984) was a Soviet diplomat.

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András Kovács

András Kovács (20 June 1925 – 11 March 2017) was a Hungarian film director and screenwriter.

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André Glucksmann

André Glucksmann (19 June 1937 – 10 November 2015) was a French philosopher, activist and writer.

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Andreas Embirikos

Andreas Embirikos (Ανδρέας Εμπειρίκος; September 2, 1901 in Brăila – August 3, 1975 in Kifissia, Attica) was a Greek surrealist poet and the first Greek psychoanalyst.

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Andrzej Grzegorczyk

Andrzej Grzegorczyk (22 August 1922 – 20 March 2014) was a Polish logician, mathematician, philosopher, and ethicist noted for his work in computability, mathematical logic, and the foundations of mathematics.

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Angela Moldovan

Angela Moldovan (19 September 1927 – 13 October 2013) was a Romanian singer of popular music and, to a lesser public knowledge, an accomplished opera singer but also an actress, mostly known for her roles in the musical Veronica and its sequel Veronica se întoarce.

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Anghel Saligny

Anghel Saligny (19 April 1854, Șerbănești, Moldavia – 17 June 1925, Bucharest, Romania) was a Romanian engineer, most famous for designing the Feteşti-Cernavodă railway bridge (1895) over the Danube, the longest bridge in Europe at that time.

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Anna Tumarkin

Anna Tumarkin (А́нна-Э́стер Паўлаўна Тума́ркін, אנה-אסתר פבלובנה טומרקין, 16 February 1875 – 7 August 1951) was a Russian-born, naturalized Swiss academic, who was the first woman to become a professor of philosophy at the University of Bern.

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Anti-Romanian sentiment

Anti-Romanian sentiment or Romanophobia (antiromânism, românofobie) is hostility toward or prejudice against Romanians as an ethnic, linguistic, religious, or perceived racial group, and can range from individual hatred to institutionalized, violent persecution.

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Antigone Kefala

Antigone Kefala (born 28 May 1935) is a contemporary Australian poet and prose-writer of Greek-Romanian heritage.

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Anton Bacalbașa

Anton Costache Bacalbașa (commonly known as Toni or Tony Bacalbașa, pen names Rigolo, Wunderkind,, Paul D. Popescu,, in Ziarul Prahova, February 11, 2012 Jus., Wus., Zig. etc.; Victor Durnea,, in Cultura, Nr. 312, February 2011 February 21, 1865 – October 1, 1899) was a Romanian political journalist, humorist and politician, chiefly remembered for his antimilitaristic series Moș Teacă.

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Anton Durcovici

Blessed Anton Durcovici (17 May 1888 10 December 1951) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian Roman Catholic prelate and the Bishop of Iaşi from 1947 until his death.

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Antonie Plămădeală

Antonie Plămădeală (17 November 1926 in Stolniceni, Lăpușna County, Bessarabia, Kingdom of Romania – 29 August 2005 in Sibiu) was a high-level hierarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church, the Orthodox Metropolitan of Transylvania (1982–2005).

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Apostol Mărgărit

Apostol Mărgărit or Apostolos Margaritis (5 August 1832 in Avdella – 19 October 1903 in Bitola) was an Aromanian school teacher and writer.

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Appeasement

Appeasement in an international context is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict.

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Arad County

Arad is an administrative division (judeţ) of Romania roughly translated into county in the western part of the country on the border with Hungary, mostly in the region of Crișana and few villages in Banat.

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Ardud

Ardud (Erdőd, Hungarian pronunciation:; Erdeed) is a town situated in Satu Mare County, Transylvania, Romania.

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Argeș County

Argeș is a county (județ) of Romania, in Muntenia, with the capital city at Pitești.

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Armand Călinescu

Armand Călinescu (4 June 1893 – 21 September 1939) was a Romanian economist and politician, who served as 39th Prime Minister from March 1939 until his assassination six months later.

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Armistice of Focșani

The Armistice of Focșani (Armistițiul de la Focșani, also called the Truce of Focșani) was an agreement that ended the hostilities between Romania and the Central Powers in World War I. It was signed on 9 December 1917 in Focșani in Romania.

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Army Group Archduke Karl

Army Group Archduke Karl (Heeresgruppe "Erzherzog Karl") was an army group of Austria-Hungary during World War I, established in June 1916 to fight against the Russian Empire on the Eastern Front and later in the campaign against the Kingdom of Romania.

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Aromanians

The Aromanians (Rrãmãnj, Armãnj; Aromâni) are a Latin European ethnic group native to the Balkans, traditionally living in northern and central Greece, central and southern Albania, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo and south-western Bulgaria.

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Artúr Feilitzsch

Baron Artúr Feilitzsch (18 February 1859 – 15 June 1925) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Agriculture between 1905 and 1906.

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Arthur Arz von Straußenburg

Generaloberst Arthur Freiherr Arz von Straußenburg (16 June 1857 – 1 July 1935) was an Austro-Hungarian Colonel General and last Chief of the General Staff of the Austro-Hungarian Army.

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Artur Phleps

Artur Gustav Martin Phleps (29 November 1881 – 21 September 1944) was an Austro-Hungarian, Romanian and German army officer who held the rank of SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS (lieutenant general) in the Waffen-SS during World War II.

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Artur Văitoianu

Artur or Arthur Văitoianu (14 April 1864 in Izmail – 17 June 1956) was a Romanian general who served as a Prime Minister of Romania for about two months in 1919 (27 September – 30 November).

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August 17

No description.

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August 1916

The following events occurred in August 1916.

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August 23

No description.

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August 27

No description.

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August 28

No description.

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August von Mackensen

Anton Ludwig August von Mackensen (6 December 1849 – 8 November 1945), born August Mackensen, was a German field marshal.

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Augusta Victoria of Hohenzollern

Princess Augusta Victoria of Hohenzollern (19 August 1890 – 29 August 1966) was the daughter of William, Prince of Hohenzollern and Princess Maria Teresa of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.

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Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein

Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein (Auguste Viktoria Friederike Luise Feodora Jenny; 22 October 1858 – 11 April 1921) was the last German empress and queen of Prussia by marriage to Wilhelm II, German Emperor.

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Aurel Onciul

Aurel Onciul (1864-1921) was a Romanian moderate political leader in the Austrian Bukovina, prior to its union with the Kingdom of Romania.

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Aurel Vlaicu

Aurel Vlaicu (November 19, 1882 – September 13, 1913) was a Romanian engineer, inventor, airplane constructor and early pilot.

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Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council, or Cisleithania) and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or Transleithania) that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867.

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Austro-Hungarian Navy

The Austro-Hungarian Navy (German: kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsmarine, Hungarian: Császári és Királyi Haditengerészet "Imperial and Royal War Navy") was the naval force of Austria-Hungary.

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Autoblinda Fiat-Ansaldo

The Autoblinda 40, 41 and 43 (abbreviated AB 40, 41 and 43) were Italian armoured cars produced by Fiat-Ansaldo and which saw service mainly during World War II.

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Avgustyn Voloshyn

Rev.

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Avi Schwartz

Avi Schwartz (born 1938) is an Israeli painter.

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Aviation in Romania

Romania has a rich tradition in aviation.

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Avraham Yaski

Avraham Yasky (אברהם יסקי, April 14, 1927 – March 28, 2014) was an Israeli architect.

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Avraham Yosef Shapira

Avraham Yosef Shapira (אברהם יוסף שפירא; born 2 March 1921, died 26 June 2000) was an Israeli politician and businessman.

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Avram Imbroane

Avram Imbroane (December 9, 1880 – September 23, 1938) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian politician, businessman, and Orthodox priest.

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Avram Steuerman-Rodion

Avram Steuerman-Rodion, born Adolf Steuerman or Steuermann and often referred to as just Rodion (November 30, 1872 – September 19, 1918), was a Romanian poet, anthologist, physician and socialist journalist.

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Axis & Allies Miniatures

Axis & Allies Miniatures is a miniature wargaming system including both a rule set and a line of 1/100 scale miniature armor (15 mm figure scale) collectible miniatures.

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Axis order of battle for the invasion of Yugoslavia

The Axis order of battle for the invasion of Yugoslavia was made up of the various operational formations of the German Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS, Italian Armed Forces and Hungarian Armed Forces that participated in the invasion of Yugoslavia during World War II, commencing on 6 April 1941.

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Axis powers

The Axis powers (Achsenmächte; Potenze dell'Asse; 枢軸国 Sūjikukoku), also known as the Axis and the Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allied forces.

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Árpád Göncz

Árpád Göncz (10 February 1922 – 6 October 2015) was a Hungarian liberal politician, who served as President of Hungary from 2 May 1990 to 4 August 2000.

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Živojin Mišić

Field Marshal Živojin Mišić (Живојин Мишић) (19 July 1855 in Struganik – 20 January 1921 in Belgrade) was a Field Marshal who participated in all of Serbia's wars from 1876 to 1918.

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Bacău County

Bacău is a county (județ) of Romania, in Moldavia, with its capital city at Bacău.

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Baia County

Baia County is one of the historic counties of Moldavia, Romania.

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Baia Mare

Baia Mare (Nagybánya; Frauenbach; Бая-Маре; Rivulus Dominarum; באניע, Banya) is a municipality along the Săsar River, in northwestern Romania; it is the capital of Maramureș County.

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Baia Sprie

Baia Sprie (Felsőbánya, Mittelstadt) is a town in the Maramureş County, northern Romania.

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Balchik

Balchik (Балчик, Balcic) is a Black Sea coastal town and seaside resort in the Southern Dobruja area of northeastern Bulgaria.

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Balkan Campaign (World War II)

The Balkan Campaign of World War II began with the Italian invasion of Greece on 28 October 1940.

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Balkan League

The Balkan League was an alliance formed by a series of bilateral treaties concluded in 1912 between the Balkan kingdoms of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, and directed against the Ottoman Empire, which at the time still controlled much of the Balkan peninsula.

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Balkan Pact

The Balkan Pact was a treaty signed by Greece, Turkey, Romania and Yugoslavia—the Balkan Entente—on 9 February 1934 in Athens, aimed at maintaining the geopolitical status quo in the region following World War I. In order to present a united front against Bulgarian designs on their territories, the signatories agreed to suspend all disputed territorial claims against each other and their immediate neighbors.

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Balkans Campaign (World War I)

The Balkans Campaign, or Balkan Theatre of World War I was fought between the Central Powers, represented by Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany and the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Allies, represented by France, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia, and the United Kingdom (and later Romania and Greece, who sided with the Allied Powers) on the other side.

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Balta, Odessa Oblast

Balta (Балта; Balta) is a city in Odessa Oblast in south-western Ukraine.

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Banat Bulgarians

The Banat Bulgarians (Banat Bulgarian: Palćene or Banátsći balgare; common Банатски българи, Banatski balgari; Bulgari bănățeni; Банатски Бугари, Banatski Bugari) are a distinct Bulgarian minority group which settled in the 18th century in the region of the Banat, which was then ruled by the Habsburgs and after World War I was divided between Romania, Serbia, and Hungary.

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Banat Republic

The Banat Republic (Banater Republik, Bánáti Köztársaság or Bánsági Köztársaság, Republica bănățeană or Republica Banatului, Банатска република., Banatska republika) was a short-lived state proclaimed in Timișoara in November 1918, shortly after the dissolution of Austria-Hungary.

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Banat Swabians

The Banat Swabians are an ethnic German population in Southeast Europe, part of the Danube Swabians.

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Banjica concentration camp

The Banjica concentration camp (KZ Banjica) was a German concentration camp in the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia during World War II.

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Banknotes of the Romanian leu

Since 1867 there have been four successive currencies in Romania known as the leu (plural lei).

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Banloc

Banloc (Banlok; Bánlak) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania.

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Barbu (name)

Barbu is s a male Romanian given name or a surname.

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Barbu Dimitrie Știrbei

Barbu Dimitrie Ştirbei, also written as Stirbey, (1799 in Craiova – April 13, 1869 in Nice), a member of the Bibescu boyar family, was a Prince of Wallachia on two occasions, between 1848–1853 and between 1854–1856.

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Barbu Știrbey

Prince Barbu Alexandru Știrbey (4 November 1872 – 24 March 1946) was 30th Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Romania in 1927.

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Barbu Lăzăreanu

Barbu Lăzăreanu (born Avram Lazarovici,Valentin Chifor, "Lăzăreanu Barbu", in Aurel Sasu (ed.), Dicționarul biografic al literaturii române, Vol. I, pp. 839–840. Pitești: Editura Paralela 45, 2004. also known as Barbou LazareanoPompiliu Păltânea, "Lettres roumaines", in Mercure de France, Nr. 627, August 1924, p. 818 or Barbu Lăzărescu;Straje, pp. 390, 391 October 5, 1881 – January 19, 1957) was a Romanian literary historian, bibliographer, and left-wing activist.

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Battle of Bucharest

The Battle of Bucharest, also known as the Argeş-Neajlov Defensive Operation in Romania, was an important battle of the Romanian Campaign in World War I, in which the Central Powers occupied the Romanian capital and forced the Romanian Government, as well as the remnants of the Romanian Army to retreat to Moldavia and re-establish its capital at Iaşi.

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Battle of Cape Burnas

The Battle of Cape Burnas was a naval engagement between the Soviet and Romanian navies near the Burnas Lagoon in October 1942.

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Battle of Dobrich

The battle of Dobrich, also known as the Battle of Bazargic or the Dobrich epopee (Добричка епопея), took place between 5 and 7 September 1916 between the armies of Bulgaria and Romania, Serbia and the Russian Empire.

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Battle of Galați

The Battle of Galați was a military engagement between the formerly allied Romanian and Russian troops at the end of World War I, as the former sought to prevent the latter from retreating from the armistice line along with their equipment.

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Battle of Jibrieni

The Battle of Jibrieni was an attack on 17 December 1941 by a Soviet submarine on an Axis convoy and its Romanian escorts off the coast of the Romanian village of Jibrieni (today Prymorske, Ukraine).

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Battle of Kolubara

The Battle of Kolubara (Колубарска битка, Schlacht an der Kolubara) was a campaign fought between Austria-Hungary and Serbia in November and December 1914, during the Serbian Campaign of World War I. It commenced on 16 November, when the Austro-Hungarians under the command of Oskar Potiorek reached the Kolubara River during their third invasion of Serbia that year, having captured the strategic town of Valjevo and forced the Serbian Army to undertake a series of retreats.

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Battle of Mărășești

The Battle of Mărășești (August 6, 1917 – September 8, 1917) was the last major battle between the German Empire and the Kingdom of Romania on the Romanian front during World War I. Romania was mostly occupied by the Central Powers, but the Battle of Mărășești kept the northeastern region of the country free from occupation.

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Battle of Păuliș

The Battle of Păuliș took place in September 1944 in Arad County, western Romania as part of the wider Battle of Romania of World War II.

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Battle of Podu Iloaiei

The Battle of Podu Iloaiei was part of the First Jassy–Kishinev Offensive of World War II fought between the Romanians along with their German allies and the Soviets.

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Battle of Robănești

The Battle of Robănești (frequently referred to as the Charge of Robănești) is a confrontation which took place between the Romanian and German troops during World War I.

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Battle of Stalingrad

The Battle of Stalingrad (23 August 1942 – 2 February 1943) was the largest confrontation of World War II, in which Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in Southern Russia.

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Battle of the Kerch Peninsula

The Battle of the Kerch Peninsula, which commenced with the Soviet Kerch-Feodosia landing operation (Керченско-Феодосийская десантная операция, Kerchensko-Feodosiyskaya desantnaya operatsiya) and ended with the German Operation Bustard Hunt (Unternehmen Trappenjagd), was a World War II battle between Erich von Manstein's German and Romanian 11th Army and Soviet Crimean Front forces in the Kerch Peninsula, in the eastern part of the Crimea.

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Battle of the Sea of Azov

The Battle of the Sea of Azov, also known as the Chernigovka pocket was an Axis military campaign fought between 26 September 1941 and 11 October 1941 on the northern shores of the Sea of Azov on the Eastern Front of World War II during Operation Barbarossa.

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Battle of Transylvania

The Battle of Transylvania was the first major operation of the Romanian forces Campaign during World War I, beginning on 27 August 1916.

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Battle of Turda

The Battle of Turda lasted from 5 September to 8 October 1944, in the area around Turda, in present-day Romania, as part of the wider Battle of Romania.

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Battle of Turtucaia

The Battle of Turtucaia (Batalia de la Turtucaia Битка при Тутракан, Bitka pri Tutrakan or Тутраканска епопея, Tutrakanska epopeya) in Bulgaria, was the opening battle of the first Central Powers offensive during the Romanian Campaign of World War I. The battle lasted for five days and ended with the capture of the fortress of Tutrakan (Turtucaia in Romanian) and the surrender of its Romanian defenders.

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Battle of Uman

The Battle of Uman (15 July – 8 August 1941) was the German and allied encirclement of the 6th and 12th Soviet Armies—under the command of Lieutenant General I. N. Muzyrchenko and Major General P. G. Ponedelin, respectively—south of the city of Uman during the initial offensive operations of German Army Group South, commanded by ''Generalfeldmarshall'' Gerd von Rundstedt, as part of Operation Barbarossa on the Eastern Front during World War II.

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Bazna

Bazna (Baaßen; Transylvanian Saxon dialect: Baußen; Bázna) is a commune located in Sibiu County, Romania.

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Béla Barabás

Béla Barabás (12 December 1855 – 28 May 1934) was a Hungarian politician, jurist and author.

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Béla Köpeczi

Béla Köpeczi (16 September 1921 – 17 January 2010) was a Hungarian cultural historian and politician, who served as Minister of Education between 1982 and 1988.

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Béla Kun

Béla Kun (20 February 1886 – 29 August 1938), born Béla Kohn, was a Hungarian Communist revolutionary and politician who was the de facto leader of the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919.

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Bălți County (Romania)

Bălți County was a county (Romanian: județ) in the Kingdom of Romania between 1925 and 1938, with the seat at Bălți.

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Beer in Romania

This article is about the main brands of beer produced and served in Romania, also revolving around the history of this beverage on the territory of the Romanian lands, since at least the times of the Romanian Old Kingdom (specifically during the late Modern Age) to contemporary times.

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Belgrade Offensive

The Belgrade Offensive or the Belgrade Strategic Offensive Operation (Beogradska operacija, Београдска операција; Белградская стратегическая наступательная операция, Belgradskaya strategicheskaya nastupatel'naya operatsiya) (14 September 1944 – 24 November 1944) was a military operation in which Belgrade was liberated from the German Wehrmacht through the joint efforts of the Soviet Red Army, Yugoslav Partisans, and the Bulgarian People's Army.

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Belgrade Special Police

The Belgrade Special Police (Specijalna policija Uprave grada Beograda, SP UGB) was a Serbian collaborationist police organisation directed and controlled by the German Gestapo (Geheime Staatspolizei) in the German-occupied territory of Serbia from 1941 to 1944 during World War II.

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Belu Zilber

Belu Zilber (born Herbert Zilber; October 14, 1901–February 1978) was a Romanian communist activist.

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Ben Ferencz

Benjamin Berell Ferencz (born July 13, 1919)Gale Reference Team: Biography - Ferencz, Benjamin B(erell) (1920-):, Thomson Gale, April 6, 2006.

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Bender Uprising

The Bendery Uprising of 1919 was an armed uprising by Bolsheviks and their working-class allies in the city of Bendery.

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Benno Straucher

Benno or Beno Straucher (August 11, 1854 – November 5, 1940) was a Bukovina-born Austro-Hungarian lawyer, politician and Jewish community representative, who spent the final part of his career in Romania.

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Berdan rifle

The Berdan rifle (винтовка Бердана/vintovka Berdana in Russian) is a Russian rifle created by famous American firearms expert and inventor Hiram Berdan in 1868.

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Bessarabian Bulgarians

The Bessarabian Bulgarians (бесарабски българи, besarabski bǎlgari, bulgari basarabeni) are a Bulgarian minority group of the historical region of Bessarabia, inhabiting parts of present-day Ukraine (Odessa Oblast) and Moldova.

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Bessarabian Peasants' Party

The Bessarabian Peasants' Party (Partidul Țărănesc din Basarabia, PȚB, also Partidul Țărănesc Basarabean, Partidul Țărănist Basarabean) or Moldavian National Democratic Party (Partidul Național-Democrat Moldovenesc) was an agrarian political party, active in the Kingdom of Romania and, more specifically, the region of Bessarabia.

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Beszterce-Naszód County

Beszterce-Naszód was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary.

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Biharia

Biharia (Bihar) is a commune in Bihor County, northwestern Romania.

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Bihor County

Bihor is a county (județ) of Romania, in Crișana.

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Black Sea campaigns (1941–44)

The Black Sea Campaigns were the operations of the Axis and Soviet naval forces in the Black Sea and its coastal regions during World War II between 1941 and 1944, including in support of the land forces.

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Blagaj massacre

The Blagaj massacre was the mass killing of around 400 Serb civilians by the Croatian nationalist Ustaše movement on 9 May 1941, during World War II.

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Bled agreement (1938)

The Bled agreement of 22 August 1938 revoked some of the restrictions placed on Hungary by the Treaty of Trianon for its involvement on the losing side in World War I. Representatives of Hungary and three of its neighbours—the so-called "Little Entente" of Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia—first met at Bled in Yugoslavia on 21 August.

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Bogda

Bogda (Neuhof; Rigósfürdő, until 1899 Bogda-Rigós) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania.

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Bonifaciu Florescu

Bonifaciu Florescu (first name also Boniface, Bonifacio, Bonifati, last name also Floresco; born Bonifacius Florescu; May 1848 – December 18, 1899) was a Romanian polygraph, the illegitimate son of writer-revolutionary Nicolae Bălcescu.

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Boris Bazhanov

Boris Georgiyevich Bazhanov (Борис Георгиевич Бажанов, sometimes spelled Bajanov) (1900 – January 1982) was a secretary of the Soviet Union's Politburo, and personal secretary to Joseph Stalin from August 1923 to 1925.

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Boris Epure

Boris Epure (1882 in Chișinău, Russian Empire – December 12, 1938 in Chișinău, Kingdom of Romania) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Boris III of Bulgaria

Boris III (Борѝс III; 28 August 1943), originally Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xaver (Boris Clement Robert Mary Pius Louis Stanislaus Xavier), was Tsar of Bulgaria from 1918 until his death.

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Boris Nikolov (boxer)

Boris Georgiev Nikolov (Борис Георгиев Николов; 10 March 1929 – 29 January 2017) was a Bulgarian boxer from Dobrich.

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Botoșani County

Botoșani is a county (județ) of Romania, in Moldavia (few villages in Bukovina), with the capital city at Botoșani.

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Brașov County

Brașov County is a county (județ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Brașov.

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Bran Castle

Bran Castle (Castelul Bran; Törzburg; Törcsvár), situated near Bran and in the immediate vicinity of Brașov, is a national monument and landmark in Romania.

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Bran, Brașov

Bran (Törzburg; Törcsvár) is a commune in Brașov County, Romania.

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Branko Benzon

Branko Benzon (29 August 1903 – September 1970) was a Croatian physician, diplomat and politician.

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Bratslav

Bratslav (Брацлав; Bracław; בראָסלעוו, Broslev, today also pronounced Breslev or Breslov as the name of a Hasidic group, which originated from this town) is an urban-type settlement in Ukraine, located in Nemyriv Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast, by the Southern Bug river.

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Brăila County

Brăila is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in Muntenia, with the capital city at Brăila.

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Brătianu-class river monitor

The Brătianu-class river monitors were a class of four river monitors used by the Romanian Navy.

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Bridge of Flowers (event)

The Bridge of Flowers (Podul de Flori, Мост цветов) was a massive demonstration that took place on Sunday, May 6, 1990 along the Prut River separating Romania and the Moldavian SSR.

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Bucharest

Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre.

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Bucharest Russian Church

St.

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Bucura Dumbravă

Bucura Dumbravă, pen name of Ștefania "Fanny" Szekulics,Șerban Cioculescu, Caragialiana, Editura Eminescu, Bucharest, 1974, p.351.

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Budapest Offensive

The Budapest Offensive was the general attack by Soviet and Romanian armies against Nazi Germany and their Axis allies from Hungary.

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Budjak

Budjak or Budzhak (Russian, Ukrainian, and Bulgarian: Буджак; Bugeac; Bucak, historical Cyrillic: Буӂак; Bucak) is a historical region in Ukraine.

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Bukovina

Bukovina (Bucovina; Bukowina/Buchenland; Bukowina; Bukovina, Буковина Bukovyna; see also other languages) is a historical region in Central Europe,Klaus Peter Berger,, Kluwer Law International, 2010, p. 132 divided between Romania and Ukraine, located on the northern slopes of the central Eastern Carpathians and the adjoining plains.

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Bukovina Germans

The Bukovina Germans are a German ethnic group who had a noteworthy demographic presence (spanning from 1780 to 1940) in the historic Central European region of Bukovina, which is nowadays divided between northeastern Romania and western Ukraine.

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Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (abbreviated BAS, in Bulgarian: Българска академия на науките, Balgarska akademiya na naukite, abbreviated БАН) is the National Academy of Bulgaria, established in 1869.

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Bulgarian Navy

The Bulgarian Navy (Военноморски сили на Република България, Voennomorski sili na Republika Bǎlgariya) is the navy of the Republic of Bulgaria and forms part of the Bulgarian Armed Forces.

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Bulgarian–Ottoman convention (1915)

The Convention of Sofia between Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) was signed on 6 September (24 August O.S.) 1915.

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Bulgarians in Ukraine

Bulgarians in Ukraine is the fifth biggest minority in the country primarily residing in the southern regions where they make up a significant minority living in the Odessa Oblast, the city of Bolhrad.

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Buzău County

Buzău is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region Muntenia, with the capital city at Buzău.

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Cahul

Cahul (also known by other alternative names) is a city and municipality in southern Moldova.

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Cahul County

Cahul County was a county of Bessarabia.

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Cahul County (Romania)

Cahul County was a county of the Kingdom of Romania, in the historical region of Bessarabia, the successor of Cahul County.

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Caliacra County

Caliacra County was a county (județ) of Romania in the intewar period, in Southern Dobruja, with the seat at Bazargic (today Dobrich, Bulgaria).

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Cannon 102/35 Model 1914

The Cannon 102/35 Model 1914 was a naval gun of the Royal Italian Navy in World War I and World War II, which was modified for shore based anti-aircraft, field artillery, railway gun and coastal artillery roles.

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Canon de 75 modèle 1897

The French 75 mm field gun was a quick-firing field artillery piece adopted in March 1898.

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Captain Conan

Captain Conan (original title: Capitaine Conan) is a 1996 French drama film directed by Bertrand Tavernier.

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Caraș County

Caraș County is one of the historic counties Romania in the historic region of the Banat.

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Caraș-Severin County

Caraș-Severin is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Serbia.

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Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim

Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military leader and statesman.

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Carl Reiner

Carl Reiner (born March 20, 1922)St.

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Carmen Stănescu

Carmen Stănescu (29 July 1925 – 11 April 2018) was a Romanian stage and film actress.

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Carol Benesch

Carol Benesch (January 9, 1822, Jägerndorf, Austro-Hungarian Empire, today Krnov, Czech Republic - October 30, 1896, Bucharest, Romania) was a Silesian architect of Historicism and Eclecticism orientation established in the Kingdom of Romania.

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Carol I of Romania

Carol I (20 April 1839 – 27 September (O.S.) / 10 October (N.S.) 1914), born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was the monarch of Romania from 1866 to 1914.

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Carol II of Romania

Carol II (15 October 18934 April 1953) reigned as King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until his enforced abdication on 6 September 1940.

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Carol Lambrino

Mircea Grigore Carol Hohenzollern (born Mircea Grigore Carol Lambrino; 8 January 1920 – 27 January 2006), also known as Prince Mircea Grigore Carol al României (anglicised as: of Romania) according to his amended Romanian birth certificate or as Carol Lambrino,, The Daily Telegraph, 10 February 2006 was the elder son of King Carol II of Romania.

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Carol Schmidt

Carol Schmidt (Karl-Ferdinand Alexander Schmidt; 25 June 1846 – 9 March 1928) was an Imperial Russian politician in what is now Moldova.

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Caroline Lacroix

Blanche Zélia Joséphine Delacroix, better known as Caroline Lacroix (13 May 1883 – 12 February 1948) was the most prominent and notorious of Leopold II of Belgium's mistresses.

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Carpați (cigarette)

Carpați was a Romanian brand of cigarettes, which was owned and manufactured by the "Fabrica de Țigarete din Sfântu-Gheorghe" ("Sfântu-Gheorghe Tobacco Factory"), which was a subsidiary of "Galaxy Tobacco".

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Carpathian Germans

Carpathian Germans (Karpatendeutsche, Mantaken, kárpátnémetek or Felvidéki németek, karpatskí Nemci) are a group of ethnic Germans.

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Catholic Church in Romania

The Catholic Church (Biserica Catolică din România, Romániai Római Katolikus Egyház, Katholische Kirche in Rumänien) in Romania is a Latin Rite Christian church, part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.

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Causes of the Polish–Soviet War

In the Polish–Soviet War of 1919-1921, Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine were in combat with the newly independent Second Polish Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic.

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Câmpulung County

Câmpulung County is one of the historic counties of Bukovina, Romania.

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Căile Ferate Române

Căile Ferate Române (abbreviated as the CFR) is the state railway carrier of Romania.

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Ceaușima

Ceaușima is a Romanian neologism sarcastically comparing the policies of former Communist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu to the nuclear attack on Hiroshima.

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Cehu Silvaniei

Cehu Silvaniei (meaning "Czechs of Szilágy") is a town in Sălaj County, Transylvania, Romania.

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Cella Delavrancea

Cella Delavrancea (December 15, 1887 – August 9, 1991) was a Romanian pianist, writer and teacher of piano, eldest daughter of writer Barbu Ștefănescu Delavrancea, sister of architect Henrieta Delavrancea-Gibory, Niculina Delavrancea and "Bebs" Delavrancea, member of the circle of Eugen Lovinescu.

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Central Europe

Central Europe is the region comprising the central part of Europe.

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Central Powers

The Central Powers (Mittelmächte; Központi hatalmak; İttifak Devletleri / Bağlaşma Devletleri; translit), consisting of Germany,, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria – hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance (Vierbund) – was one of the two main factions during World War I (1914–18).

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Cernăuți County

Cernăuți was a county (județ) of Romania, in Bukovina, with the capital city at Cernăuți.

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Cetatea Albă County

Cetatea-Albă County was a county (județ) of Romania, in Bessarabia, with the capital city at Cetatea-Albă.

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Cezar Bolliac

Cezar Bolliac or Boliac, Boliak (March 23, 1813 – February 25, 1881) was a Wallachian and Romanian radical political figure, amateur archaeologist, journalist and Romantic poet.

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Cezar Lăzărescu

Cezar Lăzărescu (born October 3, 1923 in Bucharest, Romania - died on November 27, 1986 in Bucharest, Romania) was a Romanian architect and urban planner.

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CFR Cluj

Fotbal Club CFR 1907 Cluj, commonly known as CFR Cluj, is a Romanian professional football club based in the city of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County.

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CFRNA

CFRNA ("The French-Romanian Company for Air Transport"; Compagnie franco-roumaine de navigation aérienne; Compania franco-română de navigație aeriană), later CIDNA ("The International Air Navigation Company"; Compagnie internationale de navigation aérienne) was a French-Romanian airline, founded on January 1, 1920.

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Chanak Crisis

The Chanak Crisis (Çanakkale Krizi), also called the Chanak Affair and the Chanak Incident, was a war scare in September 1922 between the United Kingdom and Turkey (the Grand National Assembly).

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Charles I of Austria

Charles I or Karl I (Karl Franz Joseph Ludwig Hubert Georg Otto Maria; 17 August 18871 April 1922) was the last reigning monarch of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

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Charles IV of Hungary's attempts to retake the throne

After Miklós Horthy was chosen Regent of Hungary on 1 March 1920, Charles I of Austria, who had also reigned as Charles IV of Hungary, returned to Hungary twice, to try unsuccessfully to retake his throne.

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Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry

Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry, (13 May 1878 – 10 February 1949), styled Lord Stewart until 1884 and Viscount Castlereagh between 1884 and 1915, was a British peer known for his political career in Britain.

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Chłopomania

Chłopomania or Khlopomanstvo (Хлопоманство) are historical and literary terms inspired by the Young Poland modernist movement and the Ukrainian Hromady.

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Chemins de fer Orientaux

The Chemins de fer Orientaux (English: Oriental Railway; Turkish: Rumeli Demiryolu or İstanbul-Viyana Demiryolu) (reporting mark: CO) was an Ottoman railway company operating in Rumelia (the European part of the Ottoman Empire, corresponding to the Balkan peninsula) and later European Turkey, from 1870 to 1937.

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Chernivtsi

Chernivtsi (Černivci; see also other names) is a city in western Ukraine, situated on the upper course of the River Prut.

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Chernivtsi Oblast

Chernivtsi Oblast (Чернівецька область, Černivećka oblasť, Regiunea Cernăuți) is an oblast (province) in western Ukraine, consisting of the northern parts of the regions of Bukovina and Bessarabia.

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Chișinău

Chișinău, also known as Kishinev (r), is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Moldova.

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Chișinău Theological Seminary

Chișinău Theological Seminary was a seminary in Chișinău.

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Chinezul Timișoara

Chinezul Timișoara was a football club, which played both in the Romanian and the Hungarian championship during its existence.

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Chivu Stoica

Chivu Stoica (the family name being Chivu; Smeeni, Buzău, 8 August 1908 – Bucharest, 18 February 1975) was a leading Romanian Communist politician, who served as 48th Prime Minister of Romania.

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Christian Rakovsky

Christian Rakovsky (– September 11, 1941) was a Bulgarian socialist revolutionary, a Bolshevik politician and Soviet diplomat; he was also noted as a journalist, physician, and essayist.

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Christos Tsaganeas

Christos Tsaganeas (Χρήστος Τσαγανέας; 2 July 1906 – 2 July 1976) was a Greek actor and a cinematographer.

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Chronology of Ukrainian language suppression

The chronology of Ukrainian language suppression.

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Cișmigiu Gardens

The Cișmigiu Gardens or Cișmigiu Park (Grădinile Cișmigiu or Parcul Cișmigiu) are a public park near the center of Bucharest, Romania, spanning areas on all sides of an artificial lake.

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Ciprian Foias

Ciprian Ilie Foiaș (born 20 July 1933) is a Romanian mathematician.

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Citizenship of the European Union

Citizenship of the European Union (EU) is afforded to qualifying citizens of European Union member states.

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Ciuc County

Ciuc County was a county (Romanian: județ) in the Kingdom of Romania.

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Ciurea rail disaster

Ciurea rail disaster, known in Romania as the Ciurea catastrophe (Catastrofa de la Ciurea), occurred on 13 January 1917, during World War I, at Ciurea station, Iași County, a station with a passing loop, located on the railway line from Iași to Bârlad.

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Ckm wz. 30

Ckm wz.

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Claymoor (Mișu Văcărescu)

Mișu or Mihail Ion Văcărescu (Francized Michel Vacaresco; 1842 or 1843 – June 12, 1903), most commonly known as Claymoor, was a Wallachian, later Romanian fashion journalist and gossip columnist, the son of poet Iancu Văcărescu.

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Cluj County

Cluj County (Kolozs megye) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Cluj-Napoca.

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Cluj-Napoca

Cluj-Napoca (Klausenburg; Kolozsvár,; Medieval Latin: Castrum Clus, Claudiopolis; and קלויזנבורג, Kloiznburg), commonly known as Cluj, is the fourth most populous city in Romania, and the seat of Cluj County in the northwestern part of the country.

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Coastal artillery

Coastal artillery is the branch of the armed forces concerned with operating anti-ship artillery or fixed gun batteries in coastal fortifications.

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Coat of arms of Romania

The coat of arms of Romania was adopted in the Romanian Parliament on 10 September 1992 as a representative coat of arms for Romania.

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Coins of the Romanian leu

The Coins of the Romanian leu have been issued since the introduction of the Romanian leu in 1867.

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Collaboration in German-occupied Poland

Throughout World War II, Poland was a member of the Allied coalition that fought Nazi Germany.

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Collaboration with the Axis Powers

Within nations occupied by the Axis Powers in World War II, some citizens and organizations, prompted by nationalism, ethnic hatred, anti-communism, antisemitism, opportunism, self-defense, or often a combination, knowingly collaborated with the Axis Powers.

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Commemorative coins of Romania

Commemorative coins in Romania are special coins minted by the State Mint and issued by the National Bank of Romania (the only issuer of the Romanian coins).

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Commemorative Cross of the 1916–1918 War

The Commemorative Cross of the 1916–1918 War (Medalia Crucea Comemorativă a războiului 1916-1918) is a Romanian First World War campaign medal established on 8 July 1918 by Royal Decree.

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Congress of Berlin

The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro).

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Consort crown

A consort crown is a crown worn by the consort of a monarch for her coronation or on state occasions.

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Constanța County

Constanța is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the Dobruja region.

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Constantin Banu

Constantin Gheorghe Banu (March 20, 1873 – September 8, 1940) was a Romanian writer, journalist and politician, who served as Arts and Religious Affairs Minister in 1922–1923.

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Constantin Beldie

Constantin Dumitru Beldie (September 8, 1887 – June 11, 1954) was a Romanian journalist, publicist, and civil servant, famous for his libertine lifestyle and his unapologetic, sarcastic, memoirs of life in the early 20th century.

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Constantin Dăscălescu

Constantin Dăscălescu (2 July 1923 – 15 May 2003) was a Romanian communist politician who served as Prime Minister of Romania (21 May 1982 – 22 December 1989) during the communist rule of Nicolae Ceaușescu until the Romanian Revolution.

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Constantin Dobrescu-Argeș

Constantin I. Dobrescu, better known as Dobrescu-Argeș (June 28, 1856 – December 10, 1903), was a Romanian peasant activist and politician, also active as a teacher, journalist, and jurist.

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Constantin Doncea

Constantin Doncea (September 26, 1904 – November 4, 1973) was a Romanian communist activist and politician.

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Constantin Iliescu

Constantin Iliescu (20 December 1934 – 5 August 2005) was a Romanian pianist.

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Constantin Isopescu-Grecul

Constantin Ritter von Isopescu-Grecul (or cavaler de Isopescu-Grecul; first name also Konstantin, last name also Isopescul-Grecul, Isopescu Grecu; Константин Ісопискуль-Грекуль; 1871–1938) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian jurist, politician, and journalist.

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Constantin Mille

Constantin Mille (December 21, 1861 – February 20, 1927) was a Romanian journalist, novelist, poet, lawyer, and socialist militant, as well as a prominent human rights activist.

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Constantin Mimi

Constantin A. Mimi (10 March 1868 – 17 April 1935) was a Bessarabian politician and winemaker, whose family was originally from Albania.

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Constantin Prezan

Constantin Prezan (January 27, 1861 – August 27, 1943) was a Romanian general during World War I and a Marshal of Romania afterward.

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Constantin Rădulescu-Motru

Constantin Rădulescu-Motru (born Constantin Rădulescu, he added the surname Motru in 1892; February 15, 1868 – March 6, 1957) was a Romanian philosopher, psychologist, sociologist, logician, academic, dramatist, as well as centre-left nationalist politician with a noted anti-fascist discourse.

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Constantin S. Nicolăescu-Plopșor

Constantin S. Nicolăescu-Plopșor or Nicolaescu-Plopșor (April 20, 1900 – May 30, 1968) was a Romanian historian, archeologist, anthropologist and ethnographer, also known as a and folkorist and children's writer, whose diverse activities were primarily focused on his native region of Oltenia.

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Constantin Stere

Constantin G. Stere or Constantin Sterea (Romanian; Константин Егорович Стере, Konstantin Yegorovich Stere or Константин Георгиевич Стере, Konstantin Georgiyevich Stere; also known under his pen name Șărcăleanu; June 1, 1865 – June 26, 1936) was a Romanian writer, jurist, politician, ideologue of the Poporanist trend, and, in March 1906, co-founder (together with Garabet Ibrăileanu and Paul Bujor — the latter was afterwards replaced by the physician Ioan Cantacuzino) of the literary magazine Viața Românească.

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Constantin Stoicescu

Constantin I. Stoicescu (January 15, 1852 – May 10, 1911) was a politician and diplomat who held several ministerial positions in the Kingdom of Romania.

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Constantin Vișoianu

Constantin Vișoianu (4 February 1897 – 4 January 1994) was a Romanian jurist, diplomat and politician.

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Constitution of Romania

The Constitution of Romania was adopted on 21 November 1991.

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Constitutional monarchy

A constitutional monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign exercises authority in accordance with a written or unwritten constitution.

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Continuation War

The Continuation War was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany, as co-belligerents, against the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1941 to 1944, during World War II.

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Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova

A controversy exists over the national identity and name of the native language of the main ethnic group in the Republic of Moldova.

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Convention for the Protection of Submarine Telegraph Cables

The Convention for the Protection of Submarine Telegraph Cables is a multilateral treaty that was signed in 1884 in order to protect submarine communications cables that had begun to be laid in the 19th century.

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Cornel Pavlovici

Cornel Pavlovici (2 April 1942 – 8 January 2013) was a Romanian footballer who played as a striker.

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Corneliu Zelea Codreanu

Corneliu Zelea Codreanu (born Corneliu Zelinski; September 13, 1899 – November 30, 1938), commonly known as Corneliu Codreanu, was a Romanian politician who was the founder and charismatic leader of the Iron Guard (also known as the Legionnaire movement), an ultranationalistic and antisemitic organization active throughout most of the interwar period.

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Coronini

Coronini (until 1996 Pescari; Lászlóvára or Koronini; occasionally referred to as Peskari in German) is a commune in Caraș-Severin County, western Romania, with a population of 1,674.

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Covurlui County

Covurlui County is one of the historic counties of Moldavia, Romania.

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Croatia–Hungary relations

Croatia–Hungary relations refer to the bilateral relationship between Croatia and Hungary.

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Croatian-Romanian-Slovak friendship proclamation

During World War II, a joint friendship proclamation was created between the Kingdom of Romania, the Independent State of Croatia and the State of Slovakia against any further Hungarian expansion.

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Crown prince

A crown prince is the male heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy.

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Csík County

Csík (Hungarian, in Romanian: Ciuc) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary.

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Cugir

Cugir (German: Kunendorf, Kudschir, Hungarian: Kudzsir) is a town in Alba county, the central settlement of the Breadfield, in Romania.

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Czechoslovak Air Force

The Czechoslovak Air Force (Československé letectvo) or the Czechoslovak Army Air Force (Československé vojenské letectvo) was the air force branch of the Czechoslovak Army formed in October 1918.

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Dan Hanganu

Dan S. Hanganu, (January 27, 1939 – October 5, 2017) was a Romanian-born Canadian architect.

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Danube Delta Campaign

The Danube Delta Campaign was a series of naval engagements between the Soviet Danube Flotilla and its Romanian counterpart in late June 1941, during the first days of Operation Barbarossa.

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Danube Vilayet

The Vilayet of the Danube or Danubian Vilayet (ولايت طونه, Vilâyet-i Tuna) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire from 1864 to 1878.

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Danubian Principalities

Danubian Principalities (Principatele Dunărene, translit) was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the early 14th century.

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David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty

Admiral of the Fleet David Richard Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty (17 January 1871 – 11 March 1936) was a Royal Navy officer.

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David Wechsler

David "Weshy" Wechsler (January 12, 1896 – May 2, 1981) was a Romanian-American psychologist.

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Davydivka

Davydivka (Давидівка; Davideni) is a commune (selsoviet) in Storozhynets Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, southwestern Ukraine.

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Dâmbovița County

Dâmbovița (also spelt Dîmbovița) is a county (județ) of Romania, in Muntenia, with the capital city at Târgoviște.

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De Bange 155 mm cannon

The de Bange 155 mm long cannon mle.

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Dealul Spirii Trial

Dealul Spirii Trial (Romanian: Procesul din Dealul Spirii) was a political trial conducted by a military tribunal in the Kingdom of Romania.

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December 1

No description.

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Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia

The Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia (Деклара́ция прав наро́дов Росси́и) was a document promulgated by the Bolshevik government of Russia on November 15 (November 2 by Old Style), 1917 (signed by Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin).

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Declarations of war by Great Britain and the United Kingdom

A declaration of war is a formal declaration issued by a national government indicating that a state of war exists between that nation and another.

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Declarations of war during World War II

This is a timeline of formal declarations of War during World War II.

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Demetriu Radu

Demetriu Radu (26 October 1861 – 8 December 1920) was between 1897 and 1903 Greek Catholic bishop of Lugoj, and during 1903 to 1920 Greek Catholic Bishop of Oradea Mare.

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Democratic Peasants' Party (Bukovina)

The Democratic Peasants' Party (PȚD), also known as Democratic Party, Peasants' Party, National Democratic Party or Unirea Society, was a provincial party in Bukovina, Austria-Hungary, one of several groups claiming to represent the ethnic Romanians.

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Democratic Republic of Georgia

The Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG; საქართველოს დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა) existed from May 1918 to February 1921 and was the first modern establishment of a Republic of Georgia. The DRG was created after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917. Its established borders were with the Kuban People's Republic and the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus in the north, the Ottoman Empire and the First Republic of Armenia in the south, and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in the southeast. It had a total land area of roughly 107,600 km2 (by comparison, the total area of today's Georgia is 69,700 km2), and a population of 2.5 million. The republic's capital was Tbilisi, and its state language was Georgian. Proclaimed on May 26, 1918, on the break-up of the Transcaucasian Federation, it was led by the Georgian Social Democratic Party (also known as the Georgian Menshevik Party). Facing permanent internal and external problems, the young state was unable to withstand invasion by the Russian SFSR Red Armies, and collapsed between February and March 1921 to become a Soviet republic.

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Democratic Union Party (Bukovina)

The Democratic Union Party (Partidul Democrat al Unirei or, PDU) was a political group in Romania, one of the political forces which claimed to represent the ethnic Romanian community of Bukovina province.

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Demographics of Ukraine

The demographics of Ukraine include statistics on population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population of Ukraine.

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Dimitrie Cuclin

Dimitrie Cuclin (– February 7, 1978) was a Romanian classical music composer, musicologist, philosopher, translator, and writer.

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Dinu Lipatti

Dinu Constantin Lipatti (2 December 1950) was a Romanian classical pianist and composer whose career was cut short by his death from causes related to Hodgkin's disease at age 33.

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Diplomacy (game)

Diplomacy is a strategic board game created by Allan B. Calhamer in 1954 and released commercially in 1959.

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Dmytro Hnatyuk

Dmytro Hnatyuk (Дмитро́ Миха́йлович Гнатю́к; 28 March 1925 – 29 April 2016) was a Ukrainian baritone opera singer and a former member of the Ukrainian Parliament.

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Dobrujan Bulgarians

Dobrujan Bulgarians (Bulgarian: Добруджанци or Добруджански българи) — also spelled Dobrudžans, Dobrudzans, and Dobrudjans — is a regional, ethnographic group of ethnic Bulgarians, inhabiting or originating from Dobruja.

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Doina (Eminescu)

Doina, or Doină (sometimes translated as "Lament"), is a political poem by the Romanian Mihai Eminescu.

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Doina Cornea

Doina Cornea (30 May 1929 – 3 May 2018) was a Romanian human rights activist and French language professor.

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Dolj County

Dolj (originally meant Dol(no)-Jiu, "lower Jiu", as opposed to Gorj (upper Jiu)) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Craiova.

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Domnitor

Domnitor (pl. Domnitori) was the official title of the ruler of Romania between 1862 and 1881.

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Donar Munteanu

Donar Munteanu (born Dimitrie Munteanu;Rodica Zafiu, "Munteanu Donar", in Aurel Sasu (ed.), Dicționarul biografic al literaturii române, Vol. II, p. 155. Pitești: Editura Paralela 45, 2004. Mihail Straje, Dicționar de pseudonime, anonime, anagrame, astronime, criptonime ale scriitorilor și publiciștilor români, p. 464. Bucharest: Editura Minerva, 1973. June 26, 1886 – 1972) was a Romanian poet, representing the provincial wing of Romanian Symbolism, Convorbiri Critice circle and, later, the Gândirea literary movement.

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Dorohoi County

Dorohoi County, with its seat at Dorohoi, was a subdivision of the Kingdom of Romania and located in the region of Moldavia.

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Downfall (2004 film)

Downfall (Der Untergang) is a 2004 German historical war drama film directed by Oliver Hirschbiegel from a screenplay by producer Bernd Eichinger.

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Draža Mihailović

Dragoljub "Draža" Mihailović (Драгољуб Дража Михаиловић, known to his supporters as Uncle Draža (Чича Дража / Čiča Draža; 27 April 1893 – 17 July 1946), was a Yugoslav Serb general during World War II. A staunch royalist, he retreated to the mountains near Belgrade when the Germans overran Yugoslavia in April 1941 and there he organized bands of guerrillas known as the Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army. The organisation is commonly known as the Chetniks, although the name of the organisation was later changed to the Yugoslav Army in the Homeland (JVUO, ЈВУО). Founded as the first Yugoslav resistance movement, it was royalist and nationalist, as opposed to the other, Josip Broz Tito's Partisans who were communist. Initially, the two groups operated in parallel, but by late 1941 began fighting each other in the attempt to gain control of post-war Yugoslavia. Many Chetnik groups collaborated or established modus vivendi with the Axis powers. Mihailović himself collaborated with Milan Nedić and Dimitrije Ljotić at the end of the war. After the war, Mihailović was captured by the communists. He was tried and convicted of high treason and war crimes by the communist authorities of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, and executed by firing squad in Belgrade. The nature and extent of his responsibility for collaboration and ethnic massacres remains controversial. On 14 May 2015, Mihailović was rehabilitated after a ruling by the Supreme Court of Cassation, the highest appellate court in Serbia.

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Drosopigi, Florina

Drosopigi (Δροσοπηγή, before 1928: Μπελκαμένη - Belkameni; Bellkamen.; Belkamen; from the Slavic: Bel Kamen, meaning "White Rock") is a village in Macedonia, Greece.

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Duchy of Bukovina

The Duchy of Bukovina was a constituent land of the Austrian Empire from 1849 and a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria–Hungary from 1867 until 1918.

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Duiliu Zamfirescu

Duiliu Zamfirescu (30 October 1858 – 3 June 1922) was a Romanian novelist, poet, short story writer, lawyer, nationalist politician, journalist, diplomat and memoirist.

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Dumitru C. Moruzi

Dumitru Constantin Moruzi (also known as Dimitrie Moruzi or Moruzzi; Дмитрий Константинович Мурузи, Dmitry Konstantinovich Muruzi; July 1 or 2, 1850 – October 9, 1914) was a Moldavian-born Imperial Russian and Romanian aristocrat, civil servant and writer.

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Dumitru Dan

Dumitru (Demetre) Dan (14 July 1890 – 4 December 1978) was a Romanian geographer, professor of geography and globe-trotter.

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Dumitru Macri

Dumitru Macri (born 28 April 1931) is a Romanian former football player and manager.

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Dumitru Matcovschi

Dumitru Matcovschi (20 October 1939 – 26 June 2013) was a writer from Moldova who was a member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova.

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Durostor County

Durostor was a county (județ) of the Kingdom of Romania, in Southern Dobruja, with the seat at Silistra (then Dârstor).

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Eastern Front (World War I)

The Eastern Front or Eastern Theater of World War I (Восточный фронт, Vostochnıy front, sometimes called the Second Fatherland War or Second Patriotic War (Вторая Отечественная война, Vtoraya Otechestvennaya voyna) in Russian sources) was a theatre of operations that encompassed at its greatest extent the entire frontier between the Russian Empire and Romania on one side and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and the German Empire on the other. It stretched from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south, included most of Eastern Europe and stretched deep into Central Europe as well. The term contrasts with "Western Front", which was being fought in Belgium and France. During 1910, Russian General Yuri Danilov developed "Plan 19" under which four armies would invade East Prussia. This plan was criticised as Austria-Hungary could be a greater threat than the German Empire. So instead of four armies invading East Prussia, the Russians planned to send two armies to East Prussia, and two Armies to defend against Austro-Hungarian forces invading from Galicia. In the opening months of the war, the Imperial Russian Army attempted an invasion of eastern Prussia in the northwestern theater, only to be beaten back by the Germans after some initial success. At the same time, in the south, they successfully invaded Galicia, defeating the Austro-Hungarian forces there. In Russian Poland, the Germans failed to take Warsaw. But by 1915, the German and Austro-Hungarian armies were on the advance, dealing the Russians heavy casualties in Galicia and in Poland, forcing it to retreat. Grand Duke Nicholas was sacked from his position as the commander-in-chief and replaced by the Tsar himself. Several offensives against the Germans in 1916 failed, including Lake Naroch Offensive and the Baranovichi Offensive. However, General Aleksei Brusilov oversaw a highly successful operation against Austria-Hungary that became known as the Brusilov Offensive, which saw the Russian Army make large gains. The Kingdom of Romania entered the war in August 1916. The Entente promised the region of Transylvania (which was part of Austria-Hungary) in return for Romanian support. The Romanian Army invaded Transylvania and had initial successes, but was forced to stop and was pushed back by the Germans and Austro-Hungarians when Bulgaria attacked them in the south. Meanwhile, a revolution occurred in Russia in February 1917 (one of the several causes being the hardships of the war). Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate and a Russian Provisional Government was founded, with Georgy Lvov as its first leader, who was eventually replaced by Alexander Kerensky. The newly formed Russian Republic continued to fight the war alongside Romania and the rest of the Entente until it was overthrown by the Bolsheviks in October 1917. Kerensky oversaw the July Offensive, which was largely a failure and caused a collapse in the Russian Army. The new government established by the Bolsheviks signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers, taking it out of the war and making large territorial concessions. Romania was also forced to surrender and signed a similar treaty, though both of the treaties were nullified with the surrender of the Central Powers in November 1918.

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Eastern Orthodoxy in Moldova

The Eastern Orthodox Church in Moldova is organized by the Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova, commonly referred to as the Moldovan Orthodox Church, a self-governing church body under the Russian Orthodox Church, and by the Metropolis of Bessarabia, also referred to as the Bessarabian Orthodox Church, a self-governing church body under the Romanian Orthodox Church.

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Ecaterina Teodoroiu

Ecaterina Teodoroiu (born Cătălina Toderoiu; January 15, 1894 - September 3, 1917) was a Romanian woman who fought and died in World War I, and is regarded as a heroine of Romania.

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Edineț

Edineț is a town and municipality in the north of Moldova.

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Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby

Field Marshal Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby, (23 April 1861 – 14 May 1936) was an English soldier and British Imperial Governor.

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Eduard Caudella

Eduard Caudella (22 May (or 3 June) 1841 – 15 April 1924) was a Romanian opera composer, also a violin virtuoso, conductor, teacher and critic.

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Eduard Pană

Eduard Pană (born 28 May 1944 in Brăneşti, Romania) is a retired Romanian ice hockey player.

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Eduard Prugovečki

Eduard Prugovečki (March 19, 1937 – October 13, 2003) was a Canadian physicist and mathematician of Croatian-Romanian descent.

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Edward G. Robinson

Edward G. Robinson (born Emanuel Goldenberg; December 12, 1893January 26, 1973) was a Romanian-American actor of stage and screen during Hollywood's Golden Age.

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Edward Luttwak

Edward Nicolae Luttwak (born 4 November 1942) is a political scientist known for his works on grand strategy, military history, and international relations.

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Einsatzgruppe Serbia

Einsatzgruppe Serbia (EG Serbia), initially named Einsatzgruppe Yugoslavia (EG Yugoslavia), was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) grouping in the German-occupied territory of Serbia during World War II.

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Elections in Romania

Romania elects on a national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature.

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Eleftherios Venizelos

Eleftherios Kyriakou Venizelos (full name Elefthérios Kyriákou Venizélos, Ελευθέριος Κυριάκου Βενιζέλος,; 23 August 1864 – 18 March 1936) was an eminent Greek leader of the Greek national liberation movement and a charismatic statesman of the early 20th century remembered for his promotion of liberal-democratic policies.

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Elena Ceaușescu

Elena Ceaușescu (née Lenuța Petrescu; 7 January 1916 – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician who was the wife of Nicolae Ceaușescu, President of the Socialist Republic of Romania.

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Elena Cuza

Elena Cuza (17 June 1825 – 2 April 1909), also known under her semi-official title Elena Doamna, was a Moldavian, later Romanian noblewoman and philanthropist.

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Elena Leușteanu

Elena Leușteanu-Popescu (later Teodorescu, 4 July 1935 – 16 August 2008) was a Romanian artistic gymnast who competed at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympics.

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Elias Schwarzfeld

Elias Schwarzfeld or Schwartzfeld (אליאס (אליהו) שוורצפלד; March 7, 1855 – 1915) was a Moldavian, later Romanian Jewish historian, essayist, novelist and newspaperman, also known as a political activist and philanthropist.

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Elie Wiesel

Eliezer "Elie" Wiesel (’Ēlí‘ézer Vízēl; September 30, 1928 – July 2, 2016) was a Romanian-born American Jewish writer, professor, political activist, Nobel Laureate, and Holocaust survivor.

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Elisabeth of Romania

Elisabeth of Romania (full name Elisabeth Charlotte Josephine Alexandra Victoria: Elisabeta a României, Ελισάβετ της Ρουμανίας; 12 October 1894 – 14 November 1956) was a princess of Romania and member of the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and by marriage Queen consort of Greece during 1922–1924.

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Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza

Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza (born 17 April 1938, Cenad) is a Romanian-born German, Roman Catholic feminist theologian, who is currently the Krister Stendahl Professor of Divinity at Harvard Divinity School.

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Elisheva Bikhovski

Elisheva Bikhovski (Элишева Быховски) (born Elizaveta Ivanovna Zhirkov (Елизавета Ивановна Жирков); September 20, 1888 – March 27, 1949) — was a Russian-Israeli poet, writer, literary critic and translator, often known simply by her adopted Biblical Hebrew name Elishéva.

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Ely Culbertson

Elie Almon Culbertson (July 22, 1891 – December 27, 1955), known as Ely Culbertson, was an American contract bridge entrepreneur and personality dominant during the 1930s.

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Emel Emin

Emel Emin is a Romanian born Crimean Tatar poet, translator, Turkologist, and educator.

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Emil Bobu

Emil Bobu (22 February 1927 – 12 July 2014) was a Romanian Communist activist and politician, who served as Interior Minister from 1973 to 1975 and as Labor Minister from 1979 to 1981.

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Emil Constantinescu

Emil Constantinescu (born 19 November 1939) is a Romanian professor and politician, who served as the third President of Romania, from 1996 to 2000.

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Emil Isac

Emil Isac (May 27, 1886 – March 25, 1954) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian poet, dramatist, short story writer and critic.

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Emil Loteanu

Emil Loteanu (November 6, 1936 – April 18, 2003) was a Soviet film director born in Clocuşna, Moldova (then Romania).

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Emil Simon

Emil Simon (24 Sept 1936 – 25 February 2014) was a Romanian conductor and composer.

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Emperor of Austria

The Emperor of Austria (German: Kaiser von Österreich) was the ruler of the Austrian Empire and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

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End of World War II in Europe

The final battles of the European Theatre of World War II as well as the German surrender to the Allies took place in late April and early May 1945.

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Eraclie Sterian

Eraclie Sterian (also known as Eracle or Eracli Sterian; November 23, 1872 – 1948) was a Romanian physician, writer, and political activist, known for introducing sexology and sex education in his country.

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Erich Schütze

Offizierstellvertreter (Deputy Officer) Erich Schütze was a World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories.

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Ernest Broșteanu

Ernest Broșteanu (January 24, 1869 June 6, 1932) was a Romanian General during World War I.

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Ernst Leman

Ensign Ernst Krislanovich Leman (1894–1917) was a Russian World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories.

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Eugène Ionesco

Eugène Ionesco (born Eugen Ionescu,; 26 November 1909 – 28 March 1994) was a Romanian-French playwright who wrote mostly in French, and one of the foremost figures of the French Avant-garde theatre.

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Eugen Cristescu

Eugen Cristescu (3 April 1895 – 12 June 1950) was the second head of the Kingdom of Romania's domestic espionage agency, the Secret Intelligence Service (SSI), forerunner of today's SRI.

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Eugen Iskritsky

Eugen A. Iskritsky (August 15, 1874 – July 27, 1949) was Russian military commander, author, teacher, a hero of the First world war, Lieutenant General in the Imperial Russian army, who fell in with the winning side in the Russian Civil War yet was still a victim of Stalin's purges.

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Eugen Weber

Eugen Joseph Weber (April 24, 1925 in Bucharest, Romania – May 17, 2007 in Brentwood, Los Angeles, California) was a Romanian-born American historian with a special focus on Western Civilization.

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Eugenia de Reuss Ianculescu

Eugenia de Reuss Ianculescu (11 March 1866 – 29 December 1938) was a Romanian teacher, writer, and women's rights activist.

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Eugenio Coșeriu

Eugenio Coșeriu (Eugen Coșeriu,; July 27, 1921 – September 7, 2002) was a linguist who specialized in Romance languages at the University of Tübingen, author of over 50 books, honorary member of the Romanian Academy.

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Eugeniu Stătescu

Eugeniu Stătescu (December 25, 1836 – December 30, 1905) was a Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Internal Affairs from April 10, 1881 until June 8, 1881 and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from June 9, 1881 until July 30, 1881 during the existence of United Principalities.

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European theatre of World War I

Although considerable conflict took place outside Europe, the European theatre (also known as the First European War) was the main theatre of operations during World War I and was where the war began and ended.

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Ewald Heer

Ewald Heer (July 28, 1930) is an aerospace engineer, author and professor who has worked on robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), and large space structures.

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Exposition Internationale d'Anvers (1894)

Exposition Internationale d'Anvers was a World's Fair held in Antwerp, Belgium between 5 May and 5 November in 1894.

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Exposition Universelle d'Anvers

The Exposition Internationale d'Anvers, also known as Wereldtentoonstelling van Antwerpen, was a World's fair held in Antwerp, Belgium, between May 2 and November 2 in 1885.

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Ezra Fleischer

Ezra Fleischer (עזרא פליישר; 14 July 1928 – 25 July 2006) was a Romanian-Israeli Hebrew-language poet and philologist.

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Ștefan Foriș

Ștefan Foriș (born István Fóris, also known as Marius; May 9, 1892 – summer of 1946) was a Romanian communist activist and journalist who served as general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR or PCdR) between 1940 and 1944.

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Ștefan Procopiu

Ștefan Procopiu (January 19, 1890 – August 22, 1972) was a Romanian physicist.

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Ștefan Voitec

Ştefan Voitec (19 June 1900 – 4 December 1984) was a Romanian socialist and communist journalist, politician, and statesman of Communist Romania.

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Ținutul Argeș

Ținutul Argeș (or Ținutul Bucegi) was one of the ten Romanian ținuturi ("lands") founded in 1938, after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration.

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Ținutul Crișuri

Ținutul Crișuri (or Ținutul Someș) was one of the ten ținuturi ("lands") of Romania, founded in 1938 after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration.

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Ținutul Dunării

Ținutul Dunării (or Ținutul Dunărea de Jos) was one of the ten Romanian ținuturi ("lands") founded in 1938, after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration.

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Ținutul Jiu

Ținutul Jiu (or Ținutul Olt) was one of the ten Romanian ținuturi ("lands") founded in 1938, after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration.

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Ținutul Mării

Ținutul Mării was one of the ten ținuturi ("lands") of Romania, founded in 1938 after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration.

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Ținutul Mureș

Ținutul Mureș (or Ținutul Alba Iulia) was one of the ten ținuturi ("lands") of Romania, founded in 1938 after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration.

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Ținutul Nistru

Ținutul Nistru was one of the ten ținuturi ("lands") of Romania, founded in 1938 after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration.

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Ținutul Prut

Ținutul Prut was one of the ten Romanian ținuturi ("lands"), founded in 1938 after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration.

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Ținutul Suceava

Ținutul Suceava was one of the ten Romanian ținuturi ("lands"), founded in 1938 after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration.

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Ținutul Timiș

Ținutul Timiș was one of the ten Romanian ținuturi ("lands"), founded in 1938 after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration.

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Făgăraș County

Făgăraș County is one of the historic counties of Transylvania, Romania.

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Fălciu County

Fălciu was an administrative territorial entity in Moldavia (until 1859), then a county (judeṭ) in Romania between 1859 and 1950.

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February 15

No description.

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Felix Aderca

Felix Aderca or F. Aderca (born Froim-Zelig (Froim-Zeilic) Aderca,, in Realitatea Evreiască, Nr. 280-281 (1080-1081), August–September 2007 Boris Marian,, in Realitatea Evreiască, Nr. 292-293 (1092-1093), March–April 2008 also known as Zelicu Froim Adercu, biographical entry at the; retrieved March 1, 2010 or Froim Aderca; March 13, 1891 – December 12, 1962), was a Romanian novelist, playwright, poet, journalist and critic, noted as a representative of rebellious modernism in the context of Romanian literature.

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Felix Rohatyn

Felix George Rohatyn (born May 29, 1928) is an American investment banker.

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Ferdinand I of Romania

Ferdinand I (Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad; 24 August 1865 – 20 July 1927), nicknamed Întregitorul ("the Unifier"), was King of Romania from 10 October 1914 until his death in 1927.

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Ferenc Szálasi

Ferenc Szálasi (6 January 1897 – 12 March 1946) was the leader of the fascist Arrow Cross Party – Hungarist Movement, the "Leader of the Nation" (Nemzetvezető), being both Head of State and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary's "Government of National Unity" (Nemzeti Összefogás Kormánya) for the final six months of Hungary's participation in World War II, after Germany occupied Hungary and removed Miklós Horthy by force.

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First Army (Bulgaria)

The Bulgarian First Army was a Bulgarian field army during the Balkan Wars, World War I, and World War II.

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First Balkan Alliance

The First Balkan Alliance (Први балкански савез/Prvi balkanski savez) was a system of agreements concluded by the Principality of Serbia in the period of 1866–68 to unite the nations of the Balkans in a common struggle against the Ottoman Empire.

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First Battle of Târgu Frumos

The First Battle of Târgu Frumos was part of the First Jassy-Kishinev Offensive of World War II, fought between Axis powers commanded by Otto Wöhler and Soviet forces led by Ivan Konev.

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First Hungarian Republic

The First Hungarian Republic (Első magyar köztársaság) or by its contemporary name Hungarian People's Republic (Magyar Népköztársaság) was a short-lived people's republic that existed, apart from a 133-day interruption, from late 1918 until mid-1919.

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First Jassy–Kishinev Offensive

The First Jassy–Kishinev Offensive, named after the two major cities (Iași and Chișinău) in the area, refers to a series of military engagements between 8 April and 6 June 1944 by the Soviets and Axis powers of World War II.

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Flag of Gagauzia

The flag of Gagauzia (Gagauz Yerin bayraa) has served as the Gagauz Republic's flag since 1995, recognized as a regional symbol by Moldova.

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Florin Piersic

Florin Piersic (born 27 January 1936) is a well-known Romanian actor and TV personality.

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Focșani

Focșani (Fokschan; Foksány; Fokşan; Foqshan) is the capital city of Vrancea County in Romania on the shores the Milcov River, in the historical region of Moldavia.

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Focke-Wulf Fw 58

The Focke-Wulf Fw 58 Weihe ("Harrier") was a German aircraft, built to fill a request by the Luftwaffe for a multi-role aircraft, to be used as an advanced trainer for pilots, gunners and radio operators.

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Forced settlements in the Soviet Union

Forced settlements in the Soviet Union took several forms.

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Former countries in Europe after 1815

This article gives a detailed listing of all the countries, including puppet states, that have existed in Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to the present day.

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Francesco Marmaggi

Francesco Marmaggi (31 August 1870 – 3 November 1949) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Prefect of the Congregation of the Council and, earlier, as Nuncio in Romania, Czechoslovakia and Poland, as well as being a special envoy to Turkey.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Sr. (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

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Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf

K.u.k. Feldmarschall Franz Xaver Joseph Conrad Graf von Hötzendorf Franz Xaver Josef Graf Conrad von Hötzendorf (11 November 1852 – 25 August 1925), sometimes anglicised as Hoetzendorf, was an Austrian Field Marshal and Chief of the General Staff of the military of the Austro-Hungarian Army and Navy 1906–1917.

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Franz Joseph University

Royal Hungarian Franz Joseph University (Magyar Királyi Ferenc József Tudományegyetem) was the second modern university in the Hungarian realm of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

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Free and Independent Faction

The Free and Independent Faction or Free and Independent Fraction (Fracțiunea Liberă și Independentă, sometimes Fracțiunea Liberală și Independentă, "Independent Liberal Faction","Condeie", in România Liberă, December 6 (18), 1886, p. 2 commonly Fracționiștii, "The F(r)actionalists") was a nationalist and national-liberal party in Romania, regionally centered on Western Moldavia.

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French submarine O'Byrne

O'Byrne was a submarine of the French Navy, the lead ship of her class.

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French submarines of World War II

The French submarine fleet of World War II was one of the largest in the world at that time.

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Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (Friedrich Adolf Hermann Prinz zu Waldeck und Pyrmont; 20 January 1865 – 26 May 1946) was the last reigning Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont from 12 May 1893 to 13 November 1918.

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Frigyes Riesz

Frigyes Riesz (Riesz Frigyes,; 22 January 1880 – 28 February 1956) was a HungarianEberhard Zeidler: Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Its Applications: Linear monotone operators.

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Garegin Nzhdeh

Garegin Ter-Harutyunyan (Գարեգին Տէր-Յարութիւնեան) better known by his nom de guerre Garegin Nzhdeh (Գարեգին Նժդեհ) (1 January 1886 – 21 December 1955) was an Armenian statesman and military strategist.

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Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley

Field Marshal Garnet Joseph Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley (4 June 1833 – 25 March 1913), was an Anglo-Irish officer in the British Army.

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Gavril Dejeu

Gavril Dejeu (born 11 September 1932) is a Romanian politician who served as Minister of Interior in Victor Ciorbea's cabinet.

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Gazeta Bucureștilor

Gazeta Bucureștilor was a Romanian version of the German newspaper Bukarester Tagblatt, published in Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania.

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General Congress of Bukovina

General Congress of Bukovina was a self-proclaimed representative body created in the aftermath of the Romanian military intervention in Bukovina, which proclaimed the union of region with the Kingdom of Romania in 1918.

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Geneviève Hennet de Goutel

Geneviève Hennet de Goutel (1885–1917) was a French nurse who served during the First World War.

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Geo Bogza

Geo Bogza (born Gheorghe Bogza; February 6, 1908 – September 14, 1993) was a Romanian avant-garde theorist, poet, and journalist, known for his left-wing and communist political convictions.

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Geo Saizescu

Geo Saizescu (14 November 1932 – 23 September 2013) was a Romanian actor and film director.

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George Barbu Știrbei

George Barbu Știrbei or Știrbeiŭ, also known as Gheorghe, Georgie, or Iorgu Știrbei (Francized Georges Stirbey; April 1, 1828 – August 15, 1925), was a Wallachian-born Romanian aristocrat and politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from July 15, 1866 until February 21, 1867.

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George Diamandy

George Ion Diamandy or Diamandi, first name also Gheorghe or Georges (February 27, 1867 – December 27, 1917), was a Romanian politician, dramatist, social scientist, and archeologist.

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George Emil Palade

George Emil Palade ForMemRS HonFRMS (November 19, 1912 – October 8, 2008) was a Romanian-American cell biologist.

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George Ivașcu

George Ivașcu (most common rendition of Gheorghe I. Ivașcu;"Partea I B: Dispozițiuni și publicațiuni care nu au caracter normativ: Deciziuni. Ministerul Informațiilor", in Monitorul Oficial, Nr. 112/1947, p.3980 July 22, 1911 – June 21, 1988) was a Romanian journalist, literary critic, and communist militant.

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George Julian Zolnay

George Julian Zolnay (Gyula Zsolnay) (July 4, 1863 – May 1, 1949) was a Hungarian and American sculptor called the "sculptor of the Confederacy".

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George Lusztig

George Lusztig (born Gheorghe Lusztig, May 20, 1946) is a Romanian-American mathematician and Abdun Nur Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

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George Popovici

George Popovici (– July 11/12, 1905) was an Austro-Hungarian and Romanian agrarian politician, jurist and poet.

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George Stephănescu

George Stephănescu (13 December 1843 – 25 April 1925) was a Romanian composer, one of the main figures in Romanian national opera.

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Georgy Sofronov

Georgy Pavlovich Sofronov (19 April 1893 – 17 March 1973) was a Soviet general.

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German submarine U-18 (1935)

German submarine U-18 was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

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German submarine U-19 (1935)

German submarine U-19 was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

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German submarine U-20 (1936)

German submarine U-20 was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine.

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German submarine U-23 (1936)

German submarine U-23 was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built in Germaniawerft, Kiel.

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German submarine U-24 (1936)

German submarine U-24 was a Type IIB U-boat that was in service of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

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German submarine U-9 (1935)

German submarine U-9 was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine.

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German-occupied Europe

German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were occupied by the military forces of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 and 1945 and administered by the Nazi regime.

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German–Romanian Treaty for the Development of Economic Relations between the Two Countries (1939)

The German-Romanian Treaty for the Development of Economic Relations between the Two Countries was a bilateral economic agreement signed between the German and the Romanian governments in Bucharest on 23 March 1939.

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Germans of Romania

The Germans of Romania or Rumäniendeutsche are an ethnic group of Romania.

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Germans of Serbia

The Germans of Serbia (Nemci u Srbiji/Немци у Србији, Serbiendeutsche) are an ethnic minority of Serbia which numbers 4,064 people according to last population census from 2011.

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Gheorghe Apostol

Gheorghe Apostol (May 16, 1913 – August 21, 2010) was a Romanian politician, deputy Prime Minister of Romania and a former leader of the Communist Party, noted for his rivalry with Nicolae Ceaușescu.

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Gheorghe Argeșanu

Gheorghe Argeşanu (28 February 1883 – 26/27 November 1940) was a Romanian cavalry general and politician who served as a Prime Minister of Romania for about a week in 1939 (21 September-28 September).

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Gheorghe Asachi

Gheorghe Asachi (surname also spelled Asaki; March 1, 1788 – November 12, 1869) was a Moldavian, later Romanian prose writer, poet, painter, historian, dramatist and translator.

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Gheorghe Derussi

Gheorghe Derussi (January 3, 1870 – December 10, 1931) was a Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania from December 17, 1921 until January 19, 1922 under the reign of Romanian King Ferdinand of Romania.

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Gheorghe Țițeica

Gheorghe Țițeica (4 October 1873 in Turnu Severin – 5 February 1939) publishing as George or Georges Tzitzeica) was a Romanian mathematician with important contributions in geometry. He is recognized as the founder of the Romanian school of differential geometry. He showed an early interest in science, as well as music and literature. Țițeica was an accomplished violinist, having studied music since childhood: music was to remain his hobby. While studying at the Carol I High School in Craiova, he contributed to the school's magazine, writing the columns on mathematics and studies of literary critique. After graduation, he obtained a scholarship at the preparatory school in Bucharest, where he also was admitted as a student of the mathematics department of the Faculty of Sciences. In June 1895, he graduated with a Bachelor of Mathematics. In the summer of 1896, after a stint as a substitute teacher at the Bucharest theological seminary, Țițeica passed his exams for promotion to a secondary school position, becoming teacher in Galaţi. In 1897, on the advice of teachers and friends, Țițeica completed his studies at a preparatory school in Paris. Among his mates were Henri Lebesgue and Paul Montel. On 30 June 1899 he defended his doctoral thesis titled Sur les congruences cycliques et sur les systemes triplement conjugues, on the framework of oblique curvature, before a board of examiners led by Gaston Darboux. Upon his return to Romania, Țițeica was appointed assistant professor at the University of Bucharest. He was promoted to full professor on 4 May 1900, retaining this position until his death in 1939. He also taught mathematics at the Polytechnic University of Bucharest. In 1913, at age 40, Țițeica was elected as a permanent member of the Romanian Academy, replacing Spiru Haret. Later he was appointed in leading roles: in 1922, vice-president of the scientific section, in 1928, vice-president and in 1929 secretary general. Țițeica was also president of the Mathematical Association of Romania, of the Romanian Association of Science and of the Association of the development and the spreading of science. He was a vice-president of the Polytechnics Association of Romania and member of the High Council of Public Teaching. Țițeica was elected correspondent of the Association of Sciences of Liège and doctor honoris causa of the University of Warsaw. He was the president of the geometry section at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Toronto (1924), Zürich (1932), and Oslo (1936). In 1926, 1930 and 1937 he gave a series of lectures as titular professor at the Faculty of Sciences in Sorbonne. He also gave many lectures at the University of Brussels (1926) and the University of Rome (1927). Țițeica wrote about 400 articles, of which 96 are scientific projects, most addressing problems of differential geometry. Carrying on the researches of the American geometer of German origin Ernest Wilczynski, Țițeica discovered a new category of surfaces and a new category of curves which now carry his name; his contributions represent the beginning of a new chapter in mathematics, namely the affine differential geometry. He also studied R-networks in n-dimensional space, defined through Laplace equations. Țițeica had three children, the youngest of whom was the physicist Șerban Țițeica.

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Gheorghe Flondor

Gheorghe Flondor (Georg Ritter von Flondor) (August 31, 1892 Roman, Romania – April 26, 1976, Bucharest) was Romanian politician who served as Royal Resident (Rezident Regal) of Ţinutul Suceava from February 7, 1939 to September 23, 1940.

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Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej

Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (8 November 1901 – 19 March 1965) was a Romanian communist politician who served as the first Communist leader of Romania from 1947 to 1965 as General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party.

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Gheorghe Manu

Gheorghe Manu (26 July 1833, Bucharest, Wallachia – 16 May 1911, Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania) was a Romanian Army general, artillery inspector and statesman.

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Gheorghe Marinescu

Gheorghe Marinescu (28 February 1863 – 15 May 1938) was a Romanian neurologist, founder of the Romanian School of Neurology.

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Gheorghe Tătărescu

Gheorghe I. Tătărescu (also known as Guță Tătărescu, with a slightly antiquated pet form of his given name; 2 November 1886 – 28 March 1957) was a Romanian politician who served 36th Prime Minister of Romania (1934–1937; 1939–1940), three times as Minister of Foreign Affairs (interim in 1934 and 1938; appointed to the office in 1945-1947), and once as Minister of War (1934).

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Gherasim Safirin

Gherasim Safirin (born Gheorghe "Gherasim Safirin", entry in Mircea Păcurariu, Dicționarul Teologilor Români, p. 425. Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, 1996 or George Safirin,Cernăianu, p. 130 also rendered Safirim, Saffirin, Saffirinu, or Safrim; October 1849 – February 14, 1922) was a Wallachian, later Romanian cleric who served as a bishop in the Romanian Orthodox Church and was deposed following a national controversy.

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Ghica family

The Ghica family (Ghica, Gjika, Gikas, Γκίκαs) was a noble family active in Wallachia, Moldavia and in the Kingdom of Romania, between the 17th and 19th centuries.

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Gorj County

Gorj is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in Oltenia, with its capital city at Târgu Jiu.

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Gottlob Berger

Gottlob Christian Berger (16 July 1896 – 5 January 1975) was a senior German Nazi official who held the rank of SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS (lieutenant general), and was the chief of the SS Main Office responsible for Schutzstaffel (SS) recruiting during World War II.

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Government of National Salvation

The Government of National Salvation (Vlada narodnog spasa / Влада народног спаса; Regierung der nationalen Rettung), also referred to as the Nedić's regime (Nedićev režim / Недићев режим), was the second Serbian puppet government, after the Commissioner Government, established on the Territory of the (German) Military Commander in Serbia during World War II.

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Great Union Day

Great Union Day (Ziua Marii Uniri, also called Unification Day) occurring on December 1, is the national holiday of Romania.

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Greater Romania

The term Greater Romania (România Mare) usually refers to the borders of the Kingdom of Romania in the interwar period.

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Greater Romania Party

The Greater Romania Party (Partidul România Mare, PRM) is a Romanian nationalist political party.

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Greco-Italian War

The Greco-Italian War (Italo-Greek War, Italian Campaign in Greece; in Greece: War of '40 and Epic of '40) took place between the kingdoms of Italy and Greece from 28 October 1940 to 23 April 1941.

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Greek Old Calendarists

Greek Old Calendarists (Greek: Παλαιοημερολογίτες, Paleoimerologites), sometimes abbreviated as GOC ("Genuine Orthodox Christians"), are groups of Old Calendarist Orthodox Christians that remained committed to the traditional Orthodox practice and are not in communion with many other Orthodox churches such as the Orthodox Church of Greece, the Patriarchate of Constantinople, or the Church of Cyprus.

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Gregor von Rezzori

Gregor von Rezzori (May 13, 1914 – April 23, 1998), born Gregor Arnulph Hilarius d'Arezzo, was an Austrian-born, Romanian, German-language novelist, memoirist, screenwriter and author of radio plays, as well as an actor, journalist, visual artist, art critic and art collector.

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Grigore Cugler

Grigore Cugler (Gregorio or Gregori Cugler; also known under the pen name Apunake; – September 30, 1972) was a Romanian avant-garde short story writer, poet and humorist.

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Grigore Eremei

Grigore Eremei (born April 22, 1935 in Tîrnova) is a Moldovan politician.

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Grigore Filipescu

Grigore N. Filipescu (Francized Grégoire Filipesco; October 1, 1886 – August 25, 1938) was a Romanian politician, journalist and engineer, the chief editor of Epoca daily between 1918 and 1938.

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Grigore Moisil

Grigore Constantin Moisil (10 January 1906 – 21 May 1973) was a Romanian mathematician, computer pioneer, and member of the Romanian Academy.

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Grigore T. Popa

Grigore T. Popa (sometimes Anglicized to Gregor T. Popa; May 1, 1892 – July 18, 1948) was a Romanian physician and public intellectual.

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Grigore Vieru

Grigore Vieru (14 February 1935 – 18 January 2009) was a Moldovan poet and writer.

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Grigoriy Suk

Praporshik Grigoriy Suk (also known as Grigory Suk in English, Григорий Эдуардович Сук) was a flying ace for the Imperial Russian Air Service during World War I.

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Grivița strike of 1933

The Grivița strike of 1933 was a railway strike which was started at the Grivița Workshops, Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania in February 1933 by workers of Căile Ferate Române (Romanian Railways).

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Gudovac massacre

The Gudovac massacre was the mass killing of around 190 Bjelovar Serbs by the Croatian nationalist Ustaše movement on 28 April 1941, during World War II.

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György Harag

György Harag (June 4, 1925, Marghita, Kingdom of Romania – July 7, 1985, Târgu Mureș, Socialist Republic of Romania) was a Hungarian director and actor from Transylvania, Romania.

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György Ligeti

György Sándor Ligeti (Ligeti György Sándor,; 28 May 1923 – 12 June 2006) was a Hungarian-Austrian composer of contemporary classical music.

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Habsburg Monarchy

The Habsburg Monarchy (Habsburgermonarchie) or Empire is an unofficial appellation among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918.

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Hague Convention on Hospital Ships

The Hague Convention on Hospital Ships is a 1904 multilateral treaty that supplemented the 1899 Hague Convention for the adaptation to Maritime Warfare of the Principles of the Geneva Convention.

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Hanomag

Hanomag (Hannoversche Maschinenbau AG) was a German producer of steam locomotives, tractors, trucks and military vehicles in Hanover.

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Hans von Rosenberg

Frederic-Hans von Rosenberg (26 December 1874 – 30 July 1937) was a German diplomat and politician.

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Hans-Eberhardt Gandert

General-major Hans-Eberhardt Gandert (2 September 1892 – 24 July 1947) was a German professional soldier who began his 33-year military career in 1912.

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Haralamb Lecca

Haralamb George Lecca (also known as Haralamb Leca, Har. Lecca,C. D. Fort., "Recenzii. Cărți. Antologia poeților olteni, de I. C. Popescu-Polyclet", in Arhivele Olteniei, Nr. 45–46/1929, p. 546"Noutăți. Știri literare", in Unirea. Foaie Bisericească-Politică, Nr. 28/1907, p. 253 or Haralambie Lecca;Elena Siupiur, "Rapports littéraires roumano-bulgares entre 1878–1916", in Revue Des Études Sud-est Européennes, Nr. 4/1972, p. 704 – March 9, 1920) was a Romanian poet, playwright and translator, grandson of artist Constantin Lecca and brother of genealogist Octav-George Lecca, as well as nephew and rival of writer Ion Luca Caragiale.

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Harry Donenfeld

Harry Donenfeld (October 17, 1893 – February 1, 1965) was an American publisher who is known primarily for being the owner of National Allied Publications, which distributed Detective Comics and Action Comics, the originator publications for the superhero characters Superman and Batman.

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Hearts of Iron IV

Hearts of Iron IV is a war strategy video game developed and published by Paradox Interactive.

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Hechingen

Hechingen is a town in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Heim ins Reich

The Heim ins Reich (meaning "back home to the Reich") was a foreign policy pursued by Adolf Hitler during World War II, beginning in 1938.

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Heinrich Fink

Heinrich Fink (born 31 March 1935) is a German theologian, former university professor and politician (Die Linke).

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Heinrich Gattineau

Heinrich Gattineau (6 January 1905 – 27 April 1985) was a German economist, Sturmabteilung (SA) leader, director of IG Farben and defendant during the Nuremberg trials.

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Heinrich Werner (physician)

Heinrich Werner (14 May 1874 – 1946) was a German physician born in Mühlhausen, Saxony.

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Helen of Greece and Denmark

Helen of Greece and Denmark (Ελένη, Eleni;; 2 May 1896 – 28 November 1982), was a queen mother of Romania during the reign of her son King Michael (1940–1947).

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Henri Alexis Brialmont

Henri-Alexis Brialmont (Venlo, 25 May 1821 – Brussels, 21 July 1903), nicknamed The Belgian Vauban after the French architect Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, was a Belgian army officer, politician and writer of the 19th century, best known as a military architect and designer of fortifications.

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Henric Trenk

Henric Trenk (also known as Henri or Heinrich Trenk; 1818–1892) was a Swiss-born Romanian painter and graphic artist, best known for his Romantic landscapes and his association with writer and amateur archaeologist Alexandru Odobescu.

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Henry Jager

Henry Jager (born 1879) was an American politician from New York.

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Herman Finer

Herman Finer (February 24, 1898, in Hertsa, Kingdom of Romania – March 4, 1969, in Chicago, United States) was a Romanian-born British political scientist and Fabian socialist.

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Herman Sinitzyn

Herman Sinitzyn (Герман Синицын; February 1, 1940, Chișinău – June 25, 2016, Los Angeles) was a Russian and American actor.

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High Court of Cassation and Justice

The High Court of Cassation and Justice (Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție) is Romania's supreme court, and the court of last resort.

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Hindenburg Programme

The Hindenburg Programme of August 1916 is the name given to the armaments and economic policy begun in late 1916 by the Third Oberste Heeresleitung (OHL, the German General Staff), Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg and General Erich Ludendorff.

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Historical background of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine

A variety of social, cultural, ethnic, and linguistic factors contributed to the sparking of unrest in eastern and southern Ukraine in the aftermath of the early 2014 revolution in Ukraine.

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History of Bălți

Bălţi is the second largest city in Moldova.

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History of Bucharest

The history of Bucharest covers the time from the early settlements on the locality's territory (and that of the surrounding area in Ilfov County) until its modern existence as a city, capital of Wallachia, and present-day capital of Romania.

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History of Bulgaria

The history of Bulgaria can be traced from the first settlements on the lands of modern Bulgaria to its formation as a nation-state and includes the history of the Bulgarian people and their origin.

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History of Cluj-Napoca

The history of Cluj-Napoca covers the time from the Roman conquest of Dacia, when it was known as Napoca, through its flourishing as the main cultural and religious center in the historic province of Transylvania, until its modern existence as a city, the seat of Cluj County in north-western Romania.

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History of Crimea

The recorded history of the Crimean Peninsula, historically known as Tauris (Ταυρική), Taurica, and the Tauric Chersonese (Χερσόνησος Ταυρική, "Tauric Peninsula"), begins around the 5th century BC when several Greek colonies were established along its coast.

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History of Oradea

Oradea is a city 12 km from the Hungarian border, dating back to a small 10th-century castle.

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History of Romania

This article provides only a brief outline of each period of the history of Romania; details are presented in separate articles (see the links in the box and below).

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History of the Jews in Thessaloniki

The history of the Jews of Thessaloniki, (Greece) reaches back two thousand years.

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History of Timișoara

This article is about the History of Timișoara, the largest and most important city in the Romanian Banat.

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History of Transylvania

Transylvania is a historical region in central and northwestern Romania.

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History of Ukrainian nationality

The history of Ukrainian nationality can be traced back to the Kiev-based kingdom of Kievan Rus' (Kиïвсьκa Pуcь) of the 9th to 12th centuries.

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Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen

Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was a small principality in southwestern Germany.

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Holzminden internment camp

Holzminden internment camp was a large World War I detention camp (Internierungslager) located on the outskirts of Holzminden, Lower Saxony, Germany, which existed from 1914 to 1918.

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Honors music

The honors music for a person, office or rank is music played on formal or ceremonial occasions in the presence of the person, office-holder, or rank-holder, especially by a military band.

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Horia Agarici

Horia Agarici (April 6, 1911 – July 13, 1982) was a Romanian aviator and World War II flying ace.

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Horia Gârbea

Horia-Răzvan Gârbea or Gîrbea (born August 10, 1962) is a Romanian playwright, poet, essayist, novelist and critic, also known as an academic, engineer and journalist.

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Horia Macellariu

Horia Macellariu (10 May 1894, Craiova – 11 July 1989, Bucharest) was a Romanian Rear Admiral, commander of the Royal Romanian Navy's Black Sea Fleet during the Second World War.

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Hospodar

Hospodar or gospodar is a term of Slavonic origin, meaning "lord" or "master".

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Hotin County

Hotin County was a county (ținut is Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, județ after) in the Principality of Moldavia (1359-1812), the Governorate of Bessarabia (1812–1917), the Moldavian Democratic Republic (1917–1918), and the Kingdom of Romania (1918–1940, 1941-1944).

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House of Hohenzollern

The House of Hohenzollern is a dynasty of former princes, electors, kings and emperors of Hohenzollern, Brandenburg, Prussia, the German Empire, and Romania.

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Hunedoara

Hunedoara (Eisenmarkt; Vajdahunyad) is a city in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania.

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Hunedoara County

Hunedoara is a county (județ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with its capital city at Deva.

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Hungarian Air Force

The Hungarian Air Force (Magyar Légierő) is the air force branch of the Hungarian Defence Forces.

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Hungarian Defence Forces

Hungarian Defence Forces (Magyar Honvédség) is the national defence force of Hungary.

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Hungarian occupation of Yugoslav territories

The Hungarian occupation of Yugoslav territories consisted of the military occupation, then annexation, of the Bačka, Baranja, Međimurje and Prekmurje regions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia by the Kingdom of Hungary during World War II.

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Hungarian Revolution of 1956

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956, or Hungarian Uprising of 1956 (1956-os forradalom or 1956-os felkelés), was a nationwide revolt against the Marxist-Leninist government of the Hungarian People's Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies, lasting from 23 October until 10 November 1956.

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Hungarian Soviet Republic

The Hungarian Soviet Republic or literally Republic of Councils in Hungary (Magyarországi Tanácsköztársaság or Magyarországi Szocialista Szövetséges Tanácsköztársaság) was a short-lived (133 days) communist rump state.

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Hungarian–Romanian War

The Hungarian–Romanian War was fought between the First Hungarian Republic and the Hungarian Soviet Republic and the Kingdom of Romania.

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Hungarians in Romania

The Hungarian minority of Romania is the largest ethnic minority in Romania, consisting of 1,227,623 people and making up 6.1% of the total population, according to the 2011 census.

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Hungary in World War I

At the outbreak of World War I, Hungary was part of the dualist monarchy, Austria-Hungary.

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Hungary in World War II

During World War II, the Kingdom of Hungary was a member of the Axis powers.

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Hungary–Romania relations

Hungarian-Romanian relations are foreign relations between Hungary and Romania.

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I. Dragoslav

I.

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Iacob Heraclid

Iacob Heraclid (or Eraclid; Ἰάκωβος Ἡρακλείδης; 1527 – November 5, 1563), born Basilicò and also known as Iacobus Heraclides, Heraclid Despotul, or Despot Vodă ("Despot the Voivode"), was a Greek Maltese soldier, adventurer and intellectual, who reigned as Prince of Moldavia from November 1561 to November 1563.

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Iași

Iași (also referred to as Jassy or Iassy) is the second-largest city in Romania, after the national capital Bucharest, and the seat of Iași County.

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Iași County

Iași is a county (județ) of Romania, in Moldavia, with the administrative seat at Iași.

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Ialomița County

Ialomița is a county (județ) of Romania, in Muntenia, with the capital city at Slobozia.

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Iancu Dumitrescu

Iancu Dumitrescu (born 15 July 1944) is a Romanian avant-garde composer.

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Iancu Flondor

Iancu Flondor (August 3, 1865, Storozhynets – October 19, 1924) was a Romanian politician who advocated Bukovina's unifion with the Kingdom of Romania.

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Iannis Xenakis

Iannis Xenakis (Greek: Γιάννης (Ιάννης) Ξενάκης; 29 May 1922 – 4 February 2001) was a Romanian-born, Greek-French composer, music theorist, architect, and engineer.

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IAR 37

The IAR 37 was a 1930s Romanian reconnaissance or light bomber aircraft built by Industria Aeronautică Română.

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IAR 47

The IAR 47 was a 1942 prototype aircraft built by Industria Aeronautică Română.

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IAR 79

The IAR 79 was a twin-engine bomber and military reconnaissance aircraft with a wood and metal structure that saw service in World War II built under licence in Brasov Romania by Industria Aeronautică Română.

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IAR-471

The IAR 471 was a 1943 prototype of ground attack aircraft and dive bomber aircraft built by Industria Aeronautică Română.

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Ibrahim of Johor

Sultan Sir Ibrahim Al Masyhur Ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Abu Bakar Al-Khalil Ibrahim Shah (17 September 1873 – 8 May 1959) was a Malaysian sultan and the 22nd Sultan of Johor and the 2nd Sultan of modern Johor.

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IL-2 Sturmovik (video game)

IL-2 Sturmovik (Ил-2 Штурмовик) is a 2001 World War II combat flight simulator video game and is the first installment in the ''IL-2 Sturmovik'' series.

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Ilfov County

Ilfov is the county that surrounds Bucharest, the capital of Romania.

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Ilie Cătărău

Ilie V. Cătărău (reportedly born Katarov, last name also Cătărău-Orhei; Bogdan Florin Popovici,,; retrieved October 20, 2011 1888 – ca. 1952) was a Bessarabian-born political adventurer, soldier and spy, who spent parts of his life in Romania.

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Ilie Șteflea

Ilie Șteflea (April 11, 1888 – May 21, 1946) was a Romanian General during World War II and Chief of the Romanian General Staff between 20 January 1942 and 23 August 1944.

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Ilie Năstase

Ilie "Nasty" Năstase (born 19 July 1946) is a Romanian former world No. 1 professional tennis player, and one of the world's top players of the 1970s.

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Ilie Verdeț

Ilie Verdeț (10 May 1925 – 20 March 2001) was a Romanian communist politician.

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Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways

The Imperial-Royal State Railways (k.k. Staatsbahnen, abbr. kkStB, also: k.k. österreichische Staatsbahnen) was the state railway organisation in the Cisleithanian (Austrian) part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.

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Imre Dimény

Imre Dimény (3 August 1922 – 15 March 2017) was a Hungarian agrarian engineer and Communist politician, who served as Minister of Agriculture and Food between 1967 and 1975.

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Imre Tóth (philosopher)

Imre Tóth (also Toth) was born in 1921, in Satu Mare, a few years after the Treaty of Trianon recognized it as a part of Romania, to a very religious Jewish family that had fled from the 1920 pogroms.

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Index of Romania-related articles

Topics related to Romania (sorted alphabetically) include.

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International Convention concerning the Use of Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace

The International Convention concerning the Use of Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace is a 1936 League of Nations treaty whereby states agreed to prohibit the use of broadcasting for propaganda or the spreading of false news.

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International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)

This article covers worldwide diplomacy and, more generally, the international relations of the major powers from 1814 to 1919, particularly the "Big Four".

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Invasion of Yugoslavia

The invasion of Yugoslavia, also known as the April War or Operation 25, was a German-led attack on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers which began on 6 April 1941 during World War II.

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Io (voievodal title particle)

Io is a particle of a title used mainly by Romanian royalty from both Moldavia and Walachia, preceding their names and the complete list of titles, in all their documents (written or engraved), since the formation of the respective principalities up to the Hohenzollern dynasty in the 19th century.

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Ioan A. Bassarabescu

Ioan Alecu Bassarabescu (commonly rendered I. A. Bassarabescu; December 17, 1870 - March 27, 1952) was a Romanian comedic writer, civil servant and politician, who served one term (1926-1927) in the Senate of Romania.

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Ioan Bianu

Ioan Bianu (1856 or 1857 – February 13, 1935) was an Imperial Austrian-born Romanian philologist and bibliographer.

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Ioan Gheorghiu

Ioan Gheorghiu (born March 5, 1947) is a former Romanian ice hockey player.

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Ioan Igna

Ioan Igna (born June 4, 1940) is a Romanian former football referee and player.

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Ioan Kalinderu

Ioan Lazăr Kalinderu (born Calenderoglu,Nicolae Iorga, "Molière și Romînii. Comunicație comemorativă la Academia Romînă", in Revista Istorică, Nr. 1–3/1922, p. 5 also known as Iancu Kalinderu, Ioan Kelenderu, Ioanŭ Calenderu, or Jean Kalindéro; December 28 or 29, 1840 – December 11, 1913) was a Wallachian, later Romanian jurist and confidant of King Carol I, who served for thirty years as the administrator of crown domains, and for three years as president of the Romanian Academy.

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Ioan Lahovary

Ioan N. Lahovary or Ion Lahovari; January 25, 1844 – June 14, 1915) was a member of Romanian aristocracy, a politician and diplomat who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania.

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Ioan Lupaș

Ioan Lupaş (9 August 1880 – 3 July 1967) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian historian, academic, politician, Orthodox theologian and priest.

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Ioan Mire Melik

Ioan Mire Melik, or Melic (born Iacob Ioan Miren Melik; Liviu Papuc,, in Convorbiri Literare, December 2006 August 9, 1840 – January 29, 1889), was a Wallachian, later Romanian mathematician, educator and political figure, one of the early members of Junimea literary society.

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Ioan Missir

Ioan Missir (February 17, 1890 – November 30, 1945) was a Romanian lawyer, politician and novelist.

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Iolanda Balaș

Iolanda Balaș (Balázs Jolán, later Balázs-Sőtér Jolán; 12 December 1936 – 11 March 2016) was a Romanian athlete, an Olympic champion and former world record holder in the high jump.

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Ion Agârbiceanu

Ion Agârbiceanu (September 12, 1882 – May 28, 1963) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian writer, journalist, politician, theologian and Greek-Catholic priest.

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Ion Antonescu

Ion Antonescu (– June 1, 1946) was a Romanian soldier and authoritarian politician who, as the Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II, presided over two successive wartime dictatorships.

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Ion C. Brătianu

Ion Constantin Brătianu (June 2, 1821 – May 16, 1891) was one of the major political figures of 19th-century Romania.

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Ion Călugăru

Ion Călugăru (born Ștrul Leiba Croitoru, Ion Călugăru, Ioan Lăcustă,, at the; retrieved February 17, 2010 also known as Buium sin Strul-Leiba Croitoru, Liviu Rotman (ed.),, Editura Hasefer, Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania & Elie Wiesel National Institute for Studying the Holocaust in Romania, Bucharest, 2008, p.174. B. Croitoru;Călinescu, p.795; Crohmălniceanu, p.346Tudor Opriș, Istoria debutului literar al scriitorilor români în timpul școlii (1820-2000), Aramis Print, Bucharest, 2002, p.132. Ioana Pârvulescu,, in România Literară, Nr. 16/2002 February 14, 1902 – May 22, 1956) was a Romanian novelist, short story writer, journalist and critic.

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Ion Dragalina

Ion Dragalina (16 December 1860 – 9 November 1916) was a Romanian general, who died during the First World War in the Battle of Jiu Valley.

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Ion Țiriac

Ion Țiriac (born 9 May 1939), also known as the 'Brașov Bulldozer' is a Romanian businessman and former professional tennis and ice hockey player.

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Ion Gheorghe Maurer

Ion Gheorghe Iosif Maurer (23 September 1902 – 8 February 2000) was a Romanian communist politician and lawyer, as well as a 49th Prime Minister of Romania.

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Ion Ghica

Ion Ghica (12 August 1816 – 7 May 1897) was a Romanian revolutionary, mathematician, diplomat and politician, who was Prime Minister of Romania five times.

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Ion Gigurtu

Ion Gigurtu (24 June 1886 – 24 November 1959) was a far-right Romanian politician, Land Forces officer, engineer and industrialist who served a brief term as Prime Minister from 4 July to 4 September 1940, under the personal regime of King Carol II.

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Ion Heliade Rădulescu

Ion Heliade Rădulescu or Ion Heliade (also known as Eliade or Eliade Rădulescu;; January 6, 1802 – April 27, 1872) was a Wallachian, later Romanian academic, Romantic and Classicist poet, essayist, memoirist, short story writer, newspaper editor and politician.

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Ion I. Câmpineanu

Ion I. Câmpineanu (October 10, 1841 – November 13, 1888) was a Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Justice from January 27, 1877 to September 23, 1877, Minister of Finance in two terms, from September 23, 1877 to November 25, 1878 and from February 25, 1880 to July 15, 1880, and Minister of Foreign Affairs from November 25, 1878 until July 10, 1879 during the existence of United Principalities.

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Ion Luca Caragiale

Ion Luca Caragiale (commonly referred to as I. L. Caragiale; According to his birth certificate, published and discussed by Constantin Popescu-Cadem in Manuscriptum, Vol. VIII, Nr. 2, 1977, p.179-184 – 9 June 1912) was a Wallachian, later Romanian playwright, short story writer, poet, theater manager, political commentator and journalist.

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Ion Mihai Pacepa

Ion Mihai Pacepa (born 28 October 1928) is a former three-star general in Communist Romania, who defected to the United States in July 1978 following President Jimmy Carter's approval of his request for political asylum.

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Ion Negoițescu

Ion Negoiţescu (also known as Nego; August 10, 1921 – February 6, 1993) was a Romanian literary historian, critic, poet, novelist and memoirist, one of the leading members of the Sibiu Literary Circle.

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Ion Nunweiller

Ion Nunweiller (9 January 1936 – 3 February 2015) was a Romanian football defender and manager.

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Ion Rîmaru

Ion Rîmaru (or, in newer spelling, Râmaru; b. 12 October 1946, Caracal–d. 23 October 1971, Jilava) was a Romanian serial killer dubbed "the vampire of Bucharest" or "the blondes' killer".

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Ion Vinea

Ion Vinea (born Ioan Eugen Iovanaki, sometimes Iovanache; April 17, 1895 – July 6, 1964) was a Romanian poet, novelist, journalist, literary theorist, and political figure.

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Iordan Chimet

Iordan Chimet (November 18, 1924 – May 23, 2006) was a Romanian poet, children's writer and essayist, whose work was inspired by Surrealism and Onirism.

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Iosif Berman

Iosif Berman (January 17, 1892 – September 17, 1941) was a Romanian photographer and journalist during the interwar period.

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Iosif Chișinevschi

Iosif Chișinevschi (1905–1963), born Iosif Roitman, was a Romanian communist politician.

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Irina Livezeanu

Irina Livezeanu (born 1952) is a Romanian-born American historian.

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Irma Adelman

Irma Glicman Adelman (March 14, 1930 - February 5, 2017) was a Romanian-American economist.

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Iron Guard

The Iron Guard (Garda de fier) is the name most commonly given to a far-right movement and political party in Romania in the period from 1927 into the early part of World War II.

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Isaac Babel

Isaac Emmanuilovich Babel (p; – 27 January 1940) was a Russian-language journalist, playwright, literary translator, historian and Bolshevik revolutionary.

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Isidore Isou

Isidore Isou (29 January 1925 – 28 July 2007), born Jean-Isidor Goldstein, was a Romanian-born French poet, dramaturge, novelist, economist, and visual artist who lived in the 20th century.

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Islam in Romania

Islam in Romania is followed by only 0.3 percent of population, but has 700 years of tradition in Northern Dobruja, a region on the Black Sea coast which was part of the Ottoman Empire for almost five centuries (ca. 1420-1878).

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Ismail County

Ismail was a county (județ) of Romania, in Bessarabia, with the capital city at Ismail.

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Istrate Micescu

Istrate Micescu (22 May 1881 – 22 May 1951) was a Romanian lawyer, Law and Political Science professor at the University of Bucharest's Law Department, and politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania.

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István Bethlen (born 1946)

István Bethlen (born June 19, 1946) is a Hungarian economist and politician, member of the National Assembly (MP) from MDF Budapest Regional List between 1990 and 1994.

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István Ládai

István Ládai (Láday; 14 May 1873 – ?) was a Hungarian politician and jurist, who served as People's Commissar of Justice in 1919 during the Hungarian Soviet Republic.

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István Tisza

Count István Tisza de Borosjenő et Szeged (archaically English: Stephen Tisza; 22 April 1861 – 31 October 1918) was a Hungarian politician, prime minister, political scientist and member of Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

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Italian invasion of Albania

The Italian invasion of Albania (April 7–12, 1939) was a brief military campaign by the Kingdom of Italy against the Albanian Kingdom.

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Italian invasion of France

The Italian invasion of France, also called the Battle of the Alps (10–25 June 1940), was the first major Italian engagement of World War II and the last major engagement of the Battle of France.

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Italian World War II destroyers

At the start of World War II, Italian destroyers (Italian: cacciatorpediniere) were a mix of warships dating from old, World War I designs up to some of the most modern of their type in the world.

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Itamar Singer

Itamar Singer (November 26, 1946 – September 19, 2012) was an Israeli author and historian of Jewish-Romanian origin.

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Iurie Darie

Iurie Darie (14 March 1929 – 9 November 2012) was a Romanian actor.

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Ivan Loiko

Polkovnik Ivan Alexandrovich Loiko (born 6 February 1892, date of death unknown) was a World War I flying ace credited with six confirmed aerial victories by the scanty and confusing records still existent.

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Izmail Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine

The Izmail Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, commonly referred to as the Izmail CPU obkom, was the position of highest authority in the Izmail Oblast, in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union.

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Jacob Itzhak Niemirower

Rabbi Dr.

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Jacob L. Moreno

Jacob Levy Moreno (born Iacob Levy; May 18, 1889 – May 14, 1974) was a Romanian-American psychiatrist, psychosociologist, and educator, the founder of psychodrama, and the foremost pioneer of group psychotherapy.

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Jagdgeschwader 77

Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77) Herz As ("Ace of Hearts") was a Luftwaffe fighter wing during World War II.

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Jagdpanzer IV

The Jagdpanzer IV, Sd.Kfz.

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Jahn Cernăuți

Jahn Cernăuți was a German football club from Czernowitz, Bukovina (then in Austria-Hungary, subsequently Kingdom of Romania, nowadays in Ukraine).

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James Kok

Arthur James Kok (January 24, 1902, Czernowitz - October 18, 1976, Berlin) was a Romanian bandleader, violinist, and arranger.

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Jan Ambrus

Ján Ambruš, OBE (1899–1994) was a Slovak aerobatics and fighter pilot.

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Jassy–Kishinev Offensive

The Jassy–Kishinev Operation, named after the two major cities, Iași and Chișinău, in the staging area, was a Soviet offensive against Axis forces, which took place in Eastern Romania from 20 to 29 August 1944 during World War II.

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János Mattis-Teutsch

János Mattis-Teutsch or Máttis-Teutsch, Mátis-Teutsch (the most common Hungarian-language versions of his name, all of which have also been spelled without the hyphen; his first name has been rendered as Hans or Johannes in German and Ioan in Romanian; 13 August 1884–17 March 1960) was a Hungarian painter, sculptor, graphic artist, art critic, and poet.

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János Thorma

János Thorma (24 April 1870 – 5 December 1937) was a Hungarian painter.

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Józef Beck

Józef Beck (4 October 1894 – 5 June 1944) was a Polish statesman who served the Second Republic of Poland as a diplomat and military officer, and was a close associate of Józef Piłsudski.

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Józef Piłsudski

Józef Klemens Piłsudski (5 December 1867 – 12 May 1935) was a Polish statesman; he was Chief of State (1918–22), "First Marshal of Poland" (from 1920), and de facto leader (1926–35) of the Second Polish Republic as the Minister of Military Affairs.

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József Tempfli

József Tempfli (April 9, 1931 – May 25, 2016) was a Romanian Roman Catholic bishop.

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Jean Alexandre Vaillant

Jean Alexandre Vaillant (1804 - 21 March 1886) was a French and Romanian teacher, political activist, historian, linguist and translator, who was noted for his activities in Wallachia and his support for the 1848 Wallachian Revolution.

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Jenő Váncsa

Jenő Váncsa (17 October 1928 – 17 January 2016) was a Hungarian agrarian engineer and former Communist politician, who served as Minister of Agriculture and Food between 1980 and 1989.

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Jerusalem Church (Berlin)

Jerusalem Church (Jerusalemskirche, Jerusalemkirche or Jerusalemer Kirche) is one of the churches of the Evangelical Congregation in the Friedrichstadt (under this name since 2001), a member of the Protestant umbrella organisation Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia.

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Jewish emancipation

Jewish emancipation was the external (and internal) process in various nations in Europe of eliminating Jewish disabilities, e.g. Jewish quotas, to which Jewish people were then subject, and the recognition of Jews as entitled to equality and citizenship rights on a communal, not merely individual, basis.

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Jiu Bridge

Jiu Bridge (Podul Jiului) is a historic truss bridge across the Jiu River.

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Joel Teitelbaum

Rabbi Joel Teitelbaum (יואל טייטלבוים, Ashkenazi pronunciation:; 13 January 1887 – 19 August 1979) was the founder and first Grand Rebbe of the Satmar dynasty.

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Johan Johannson (1881–1958)

Johan Johannson (6 August 1881 – 1958) was a Norwegian businessman.

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John de Chastelain

Alfred John Gardyne Drummond de Chastelain (born July 30, 1937) is a retired Romanian-born British-Canadian soldier and diplomat.

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John Houseman

John Houseman (born Jacques Haussmann; September 22, 1902October 31, 1988) was a British-American actor and producer who became known for his highly publicized collaboration with director Orson Welles from their days in the Federal Theatre Project through to the production of Citizen Kane and his storied collaboration with writer Raymond Chandler's intoxicated screenplay rendering as producer of The Blue Dahlia. He is perhaps best known for his role as Professor Charles W. Kingsfield in the film The Paper Chase (1973), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

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Josef František

Josef František DFM & Bar (7 October 1914 – 8 October 1940) was a Czechoslovak fighter pilot and Second World War fighter ace who flew for the air forces of Czechoslovakia, Poland, France, and the United Kingdom.

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Jovan Naumović

Jovan Naumović (Leskovac, 11 November 1879 – Belgrade, 13 February 1945) was an Armijski đeneral in the Royal Yugoslav Army who commanded the 3rd Territorial Army during the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia of April 1941 during World War II.

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Julius Borcea

Julius Bogdan Borcea (8 June 1968 – 8 April 2009) was a Romanian Swedish mathematician.

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Julius Podlipny

Julius or Iulius Podlipny (most common renditions of the Július Podlipný; Julius Podlipný; Hungarian: Podlipny Gyula; Romanian: Iuliu Podlipny; April 12, 1898–1991) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Czechoslovak and Romanian artist, best known for his work in drawing and his long period as teacher at the Art Lyceum in Timișoara.

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July 1913

The following events occurred in July 1913.

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June 26

No description.

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June 28

In common years it is always in ISO week 26.

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June 5

No description.

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Justin Capră

Virgilius Justin Capră (22 February 1933 – 19 January 2015) was a Romanian engineer and inventor.

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Kadriye Nurmambet

Kadriye Nurmambet (also spelled in Crimean Tatar as: Qadriye Nurmambet, قَادْرِیَ نُرْمٰومْبَتً, Ҡадрие Нурмамбет and in Romanian as: Cadrie Nurmambet) is a Dobrujan-born Crimean Tatar traditional folk singer and folklorist who has attracted national attention and is known as The Nightingale of Dobruja.

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Karl Fritz Lauer

Karl Fritz Lauer (11 April 1938 – 5 June 2018) was a Romanian-German agricultural scientist in phytopathology and herbology.

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Karl Lueger

Karl Lueger (24 October 1844 – 10 March 1910) was an Austrian politician, mayor of Vienna, and leader and founder of the Austrian Christian Social Party.

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Kaynardzha

Kaynardzha (Кайнарджа, pronounced, Cainargeaua Mică, Kaynarca; also transliterated Kajnardža) is a village in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Silistra Province.

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Károly Bartha (Minister of Defence)

Vitéz Károly Bartha de Dálnokfalva (18 June 1884 – 22 November 1964) was a Hungarian military officer and politician, who served as Minister of Defence between 1938 and 1942.

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Károly Kós

Károly Kós (born as Károly Kosch,; December 16, 1883 – August 25, 1977) was a Hungarian architect, writer, illustrator, ethnologist and politician of Austria-Hungary and Romania.

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Kellogg–Briand Pact

The Kellogg–Briand Pact (or Pact of Paris, officially General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy) is a 1928 international agreement in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve "disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them".

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Kerensky Offensive

The Kerensky Offensive (Наступление Керенского), also commonly known as the July Offensive (Июльское наступление) or Galician Offensive, was the last Russian offensive in World War I. It took place in July 1917.

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Khotin Uprising

The Khotin Uprising was an insurrection by Ukrainians in northern Bessarabia less than a year after its Union with the Romanian Kingdom, on January 23–February 1, 1919.

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Khotyn Fortress

The Khotyn Fortress (Хотинська фортеця, twierdza w Chocimiu, Hotin Kalesi, Cetatea Hotinului) is a fortification complex located on the right bank of the Dniester River in Khotyn, Chernivtsi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine.

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Kiev Offensive (1920)

The 1920 Kiev Offensive (or Kiev Operation), sometimes considered to have started the Soviet-Polish War, was an attempt by the armed forces of the newly re-emerged Poland led by Józef Piłsudski, in alliance with the Ukrainian leader Symon Petliura, to seize the territories of modern-day Ukraine which fell under the Soviet control after the Bolshevik Revolution.

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King of the Romanians

The King of the Romanians (Romanian: Regele Românilor) or King of Romania (Romanian: Regele României), was the title of the monarch of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947, when Romania was proclaimed the Romanian People's Republic following Michael I's forced abdication.

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Kingdom of Bulgaria

The Kingdom of Bulgaria (Царство България, Tsarstvo Bǎlgariya), also referred to as the Tsardom of Bulgaria and the Third Bulgarian Tsardom, was a constitutional monarchy in Eastern and Southeastern Europe, which was established on 5 October (O.S. 22 September) 1908 when the Bulgarian state was raised from a principality to a kingdom.

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Kingdom of Hungary

The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century (1000–1946 with the exception of 1918–1920).

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Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)

The Kingdom of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyar Királyság), also known as the Regency, existed from 1920 to 1946 as a de facto country under Regent Miklós Horthy.

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Kingdom of Yugoslavia

The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija, Краљевина Југославија; Кралство Југославија) was a state in Southeast Europe and Central Europe, that existed from 1918 until 1941, during the interwar period and beginning of World War II.

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Kira Muratova

Kira Heorhiyivna Muratova (Кіра Георгіївна Мура́това; née Korotkova, 5 November 1934 – 6 June 2018) was a Ukrainian award-winning film director, screenwriter and actress, known for her unusual directorial style.

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Komsomolets armored tractor

T-20 armored tractor Komsomolets Bronirovannyy gusenichnyy tyagach Komsomolets T-20, an armored continuous track tractor, the T-20 was a prime mover vehicle used by the Soviet Union during the Winter War and World War II.

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Kone- ja Siltarakennus

Kone- ja Siltarakennus Oy ("Kone ja Silta";; "Maskin o. Bro") is a Finnish former engineering company based in Sörnäinen, Helsinki.

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Kragujevac massacre

The Kragujevac massacre was the mass murder of between 2,778 and 2,794 mostly Serb men and boys in Kragujevac by German soldiers on 21 October 1941.

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Kraljevo massacre

The Kraljevo massacre was the mass murder of approximately 2,000 residents of the central Serbian city of Kraljevo by the Wehrmacht between 15 and 20 October 1941, during World War II.

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Krashovani

The Krashovani (Carașoveni, Krašovani) are a South Slavic community inhabiting Carașova and Lupac in the Caraș-Severin County within Romanian Banat.

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Krste Misirkov

Krste Petkov Misirkov (Кръстьо Петков Мисирков; Крсте Петков Мисирков) (18 November 1874, Postol, Ottoman Empire – 26 July 1926, Sofia, Kingdom of Bulgaria) was a philologist, slavist, historian and ethnographer.

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Kuban bridgehead

The Kuban Bridgehead (German: Kuban-Brückenkopf), also known as the "Goth's head position" (German: Gotenkopfstellung), was a German position on the Taman Peninsula, Russia, between the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea.

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Labor Party (Romania)

The Labor Party (Partidul Muncei,George Baiculescu, Georgeta Răduică, Neonila Onofrei, Publicațiile periodice românești (ziare, gazete, reviste). Vol. II: Catalog alfabetic 1907–1918. Supliment 1790–1906, p. 668. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 1969Tamara Teodorescu, Rodica Fochi, Florența Sădeanu, Liana Miclescu, Lucreția Angheluță, Bibliografia românească modernă (1831-1918). Vol. II: D–K, Editura științifică și enciclopedică, Bucharest, 1986, p.84. modernized Partidul Muncii, PM) was a minor left-wing political group in Romania.

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Laffly S15

The Laffly S15 was a familty of all-terrain military vehicles from French manufacturer Laffly that shared the same six-wheel drive chassis.

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Lana Marconi

Lana Marconi (8 September 1917 in Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania – 8 December 1990) was a Romanian-French actress, and the fifth and last wife of the famous French actor-director-playwright Sacha Guitry (1885–1957), whom she married in 1949.

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Lascăr Catargiu

Lascăr Catargiu (or Lascăr Catargi; 1 November 1823 –) was a Romanian conservative statesman born in Moldavia.

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Latin Monetary Union

The Latin Monetary Union (LMU) was a 19th-century attempt to unify several European currencies into a single currency that could be used in all the member states, at a time when most national currencies were still made out of gold and silver.

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Lauren Bacall

Lauren Bacall (born Betty Joan Perske; September 16, 1924 – August 12, 2014) was an American actress known for her distinctive voice and sultry looks.

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Lazăr Șăineanu

Lazăr Șăineanu (also spelled Șeineanu, born Eliezer Schein;Leopold, p.383, 417 Francisized Lazare Sainéan,, Alexandru Mușina,, in România Literară, Nr. 19/2003 or Sainéanu; April 23, 1859 – May 11, 1934) was a Romanian-born philologist, linguist, folklorist and cultural historian.

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László Jeney

László Jeney (May 30, 1923 – April 24, 2006) was a Hungarian water polo player who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics, 1952 Summer Olympics, 1956 Summer Olympics, and 1960 Summer Olympics.

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Léopold Louis-Dreyfus

Léopold Louis-Dreyfus (5 March 1833 – 9 April 1915) was a French investor and businessman, founder of the Louis Dreyfus Group, and patriarch of the Louis-Dreyfus family.

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Lăpușna County (Romania)

Lăpușna County was between 1925 and 1938 a county județ) in the Kingdom of Romania.

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Lebel Model 1886 rifle

The Lebel Model 1886 rifle (French: Fusil Modèle 1886 dit "Fusil Lebel") is also known as the "Fusil Mle 1886 M93", after a bolt modification was added in 1893.

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Leon Levițchi

Leon Levițchi (27 August 1918 in Edineț, Hotin County, Kingdom of Romania – 16 October 1991 in Bucharest) was a Romanian philologist and translator who specialised in the study of the English language and literature.

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Leon Sculy Logothetides

Leon Sculy Logothetides (also known as Sculy Logotheti or only Sculy, sometimes Scully or, erroneously, Scully-Logothely)Mihai Sorin Rădulescu,, Ziarul financiar - Ziarul de Duminică, 28 iulie 2006.

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Leonard Mociulschi

Leonard Mociulschi (Leonard Moczulski) (27 March 1889, Siminicea, Botoşani County in northern Moldavia – 15 April 1979, Braşov) was a Romanian (Polish origin) Major General during World War II.

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Leonte Răutu

Leonte Răutu (until 1945 Lev Nikolayevich (Nicolaievici) Oigenstein; February 28, 1910 – 1993) was a Bessarabian-born Romanian communist activist and propagandist.

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Leszczyński

Leszczyński (plural: Leszczyńscy, feminine form: Leszczyńska) was a prominent Polish noble family.

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LGBT rights under communism

LGBT rights under communism have evolved radically throughout history.

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Li Fang (diplomat)

Li Fang (李芳; 1895—?) was a Chinese diplomat in the early Republic of China who later joined the pro-Japanese Nanjing Nationalist Government under Wang Jingwei, serving as its minister in Romania and Hungary.

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Lia Manoliu

Lia Manoliu (25 April 1932 – 9 January 1998) was a Romanian discus thrower who won one gold and two bronze Olympic medals.

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Liberalism and radicalism in Romania

This article gives an overview of liberalism and radicalism in Romania.

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Lili Pancu

Lili Pancu was a Romanian painter in the 20th century.

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Line of succession to the former Romanian throne

The succession order to the throne of the Romanian monarchy, abolished since 1947, was regulated by the monarchical constitution of 1923 and the 1884 Law of the Romanian Royal House Rules enacted pursuant to the 1866 Constitution of Romania which had confirmed the enthronement of Prince Karl (Carol) of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.

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List of ambassadors of Italy to Romania

Ambassadors of Italy have been sent to Romania from as early as October 27, 1878, when the Romanian Principality gained its independence from the Ottoman Empire (as a result of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878).

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List of anti-aircraft guns

Anti-aircraft guns are weapons designed to attack aircraft.

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List of armistices involving Germany

This is a list of armistices signed by the German Empire (1871–1918) or Nazi Germany (1933–1945).

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List of artillery by name

Artillery has been a primary weapon of war since before the Napoleonic Era.

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List of battleships

The list of battleships includes all battleships and ironclads since 1859, listed alphabetically.

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List of countries by GDP (PPP) in the nineteenth century

These are lists of countries in the nineteenth century by their estimated real gross domestic product (GDP) in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), the value of all final goods and services produced within a country/region in a given year.

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List of coups d'état and coup attempts

This is a chronological list of coups d'état and coup attempts, from ancient times to the present.

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List of expansion operations and planning of the Axis powers

Planning for global territorial expansion of the Axis powers; Germany, Italy and Japan, progressed before and during the Second World War.

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List of foreign Serie A players

This is a list of foreign players (i.e. non-Italian players) in Serie A. The following players.

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List of foreign Serie B players

This is a list of foreign players in Serie B of the Italian football league system.

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List of former monarchies

Note: entries in bold refer to groups of kingdoms.

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List of former national capitals

Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist, the capital was moved, or the capital city was renamed.

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List of former sovereign states

A historical state or historical sovereign state is a state that once existed, but has since been dissolved due to conflict, war, rebellion, annexation, or uprising.

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List of heads of state of Romania

This is a list of the heads of state of the modern Romanian state, from the establishment of the United Principalities to the present day.

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List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies

These lists of historical unrecognized or partially recognized states or governments give an overview of extinct geopolitical entities that wished to be recognized as sovereign states, but did not enjoy worldwide diplomatic recognition.

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List of howitzers

Howitzers are one of two primary types of field artillery.

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List of Jewish heads of state and government

This is a list of people of Jewish origin of Head of State and Governments.

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List of kingdoms and royal dynasties

Monarchism is a movement that supports the monarchy as a form of government.

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List of last survivors of historical events

The following is a list of last survivors of notable historical and cultural events, excluding wars, which are covered in separate lists that can be found in the See also section.

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List of Latin phrases (N)

Additional references.

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List of massacres in Ukraine

This is a list of massacres in Ukraine.

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List of mayors of Brașov

The following is a list of the people (only men, as of 2014) that have fulfilled the role of mayor or its temporal equivalent in the Transylvanian city of Brașov.

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List of mayors of Oradea

On January 4, 1850, the "central towns" (Vărad - Orașul Nou, Vărad - Olosig, Vărad - Velența și Vărad - Subcetate) were officially united,forming Oradea Mare (Great Oradea).

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List of military alliances

This is the list of military alliances.

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List of monarchies

There are and have been throughout recorded history a great many monarchies in the world.

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List of monarchs who abdicated

This is a list of monarchs who have abdicated.

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List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 20th and 21st centuries

The following monarchs either lost their thrones through deposition by a coup d'état, by a referendum which abolished their throne, or chose to abdicate during the 20th century or 21st century.

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List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates

The Norwegian Nobel Committee each year awards the Nobel Peace Prize (Norwegian and Nobels fredspris) "to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses." It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel (who died in 1896), awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.

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List of participants to Paris Peace Conference, 1919

The Paris Peace Conference, 1919 gathered 27 nations at the Palace of Versailles to shape the future after World War I. The Russian SFSR was not invited to attend, having already concluded a peace treaty with the Central Powers in the spring of 1918.

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List of parties to the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907

The following tables indicate the states that are party to the various Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907.

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List of peasant revolts

This is a chronological list of conflicts in which peasants played a significant role.

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List of people from Chernivtsi

The Ukrainian city of Chernivtsi (Чернівці) is/was home to many people.

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List of predecessors of sovereign states in Europe

This is a list of all present sovereign states in Europe and their predecessors.

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List of Prime Ministers of Romania

This is a list of the heads of government of the modern Romanian state, from the establishment of the United Principalities to the present day.

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List of proposed state mergers

This is a list of proposed state mergers, including both current and historical proposals originating from sovereign states or organizations.

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List of proxy wars

This is a list of proxy wars.

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List of Romanian coats of arms

The Romanian government is the armiger in Romania.

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List of Romanian Navy destroyers of World War II

During the Second World War, the Romanian Navy operated four destroyers, one large escort ship comparable to American destroyer escorts plus one sea-going torpedo boat.

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List of Romanian-built warships of World War II

During and up to the Second World War, the naval industry of the Kingdom of Romania produced numerous medium and small size warships, of varying types, as well as auxiliaries.

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List of rulers of Transylvania

List of rulers of Transylvania, from the 10th century, until 1918.

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List of rulers of Wallachia

This is a list of rulers of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube until the union with Moldavia in 1862, leading to the creation of Romania.

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List of serial killers by number of victims

A serial killer is a person who murders three or more people, in two or more separate events over a period of time, for primarily psychological reasons.

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List of ships of World War II (M)

The List of ships of the Second World War contains major military vessels of the war, arranged alphabetically and by type.

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List of ships of World War II (R)

The List of ships of the Second World War contains major military vessels of the war, arranged alphabetically and by type.

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List of shipwrecks in August 1944

The list of shipwrecks in August 1944 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during August 1944.

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List of shipwrecks in June 1944

The list of shipwrecks in June 1944 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during June 1944.

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List of shipwrecks in September 1944

The list of shipwrecks in September 1944 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during September 1944.

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List of shortest-lived sovereign states

This is a list of shortest-lived sovereign states.

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List of sovereign states in 1878

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1879

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1880

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1946

No description.

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List of sovereign states in 1947

No description.

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List of sovereign states in the 1870s

No description.

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List of sovereign states in the 1880s

No description.

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List of sovereign states in the 1940s

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1940s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1940 and 31 December 1949.

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List of state leaders in 1887

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1888

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1891

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1898

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1899

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1904

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1905

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1908

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1931

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1932

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1933

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1934

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1935

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1936

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1937

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1946

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1947

No description.

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List of state leaders in the 19th century

;State leaders in the 18th century – State leaders: 1901–1950 – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1900) AD, such as the heads of state and heads of government.

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List of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950)

;State leaders in the 19th century – State leaders: 1951–2000 – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–1950) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, and the general secretaries of single-party states.

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List of the last monarchs in Europe

This is a list of last monarchs of Europe.

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List of titles and honours of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon

Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon received numerous decorations and honorary appointments during and after her time as consort to King George VI.

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List of uyezds of the Russian Empire

This is a list of counties of the Russian Empire ---- ∑ 670 items.

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List of wars involving Albania

This is a list of wars that Albanian states and Albanian forces have been involved in.

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List of wars involving Bulgaria

This article lists the wars, campaigns and battles fought by Bulgaria since its creation in 681.

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List of wars involving Poland

This is a chronological list of military conflicts in which Polish armed forces won or took place on Polish territory from the reign of Mieszko I (960–992) to the ongoing military operations.

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List of wars involving Russia

The following is an incomplete list of armed conflicts and wars fought by Russia, by Russian people, from antiquity to the present day.

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List of wars involving Ukraine

The following is an incomplete list of major wars fought by Ukraine, by Ukrainian people or regular armies during periods when independent Ukrainian states existed, from antiquity to the present day.

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List of World War II warship classes of the Royal Romanian Navy

This is a list of warship classes built for the Romanian Navy that served during the Second World War.

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Little Entente of Women

Little Entente of Women (1923–1930) was an umbrella organization for women's groups in the Balkan region and one of the first organizations to try to reunite Eastern European women from the former Austro-Hungarian region to work on changing their legal, socio-economic and political status.

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Liviu Librescu

Liviu Librescu (ליביו ליברסקו; August 18, 1930 – April 16, 2007) was a Romanian–American scientist and engineer.

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Liviu Rebreanu

Liviu Rebreanu (November 27, 1885 – September 1, 1944) was a Romanian novelist, playwright, short story writer, and journalist.

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Lorković–Vokić plot

Lorković–Vokić plot (Urota Lorković-Vokić) was an attempt initiated by the Minister of Interior, Mladen Lorković and Minister of Armed Forces, Ante Vokić, to form a coalition government with the Croatian Peasant Party (HSS), abandon the Axis powers and align the Independent State of Croatia with the Allies with help of the Croatian Home Guard.

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Louis Schwartz

Louis Schwartz (April 15, 1888 – July 18, 1966) was a Republican politician from Philadelphia who served in the Pennsylvania state legislature and the Philadelphia City Council.

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Lublin–Brest Offensive

The Lublin–Brest Offensive (Люблин‐Брестская наступательная операция, 18 July – 2 August 1944) was a part of the Operation Bagration strategic offensive by the Soviet Red Army to clear the Nazi German forces from the central‐eastern Poland.

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Luca Arbore

Luca Arbore or Arbure (Old Cyrillic:; Renaissance Latin: HerborusNicolae Iorga, "Cronică", in Revista Istorică, Issues 7–9/1934, p. 291 or Copacius; died April 1523) was a Moldavian boyar, diplomat, and statesman, several times commander of the country's military.

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Lucian Pintilie

Lucian Pintilie (9 November 1933 – 16 May 2018, The Guardian (30 May 2018)) was a Romanian film director and screenwriter.

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Lucien Goldmann

Lucien Goldmann (July 20, 1913 – October 8, 1970) was a French philosopher and sociologist of Jewish-Romanian origin.

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Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu

Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu (November 4, 1900 – April 17, 1954) was a Romanian communist politician and leading member of the Communist Party of Romania (PCR), also noted for his activities as a lawyer, sociologist and economist.

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Macedonian Front

The Macedonian Front, also known as the Salonica Front (after Thessaloniki), was a military theatre of World War I formed as a result of an attempt by the Allied Powers to aid Serbia, in the fall of 1915, against the combined attack of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria.

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Magda Lupescu

Elena Lupescu (15 September 1895 in Iaşi (Jassy), Kingdom of Romania – 29 June 1977 in Estoril, Portugal) better known as Magda Lupescu, was the mistress of King Carol II of Romania and married him after his abdication.

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Manchukuo

Manchukuo was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia from 1932 until 1945.

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Manea Mănescu

Manea Mănescu (9 August 1916 – 27 February 2009) was a Romanian communist politician who served as Prime Minister for five years (29 March 1974 – 29 March 1979) during Nicolae Ceaușescu's Communist regime.

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Manfred Freiherr von Killinger

Manfred Freiherr von Killinger (14 July 1886 – 2 September 1944) was a German naval officer, Freikorps leader, military writer and Nazi politician.

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Mannlicher M1888

The Repeating Rifle Muster 1888 better known as Mannlicher M1888 was a bolt-action rifle used by several armies from 1888 to 1945.

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Mannlicher M1893

The Mannlicher M1893 (or M93) is a bolt-action rifle that was the standard service rifle of the Kingdom of Romania from 1893 to 1938.

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Maramureș County

Maramureș is a county (județ) of Romania, in the Maramureș region.

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Marcel Janco

Marcel Janco (common rendition of the Romanian name Marcel Hermann Iancu, last name also Ianco, Janko or Jancu; May 24, 1895 – April 21, 1984) was a Romanian and Israeli visual artist, architect and art theorist.

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March 27

No description.

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Mareșal tank destroyer

The Mareșal was a tank destroyer produced in limited numbers during the Second World War by the Kingdom of Romania.

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Maria Antonescu

Maria Antonescu (born Maria Niculescu, also known as Maria General Antonescu, later Maria Mareșal Antonescu, or Rica Antonescu; 3 November 1892 – 18 October 1964) was a Romanian socialite and philanthropist, the wife of World War II authoritarian Prime Minister and Conducător Ion Antonescu.

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Maria Zaharia

Maria Ion Zaharia, also known as Măriuca Zaharia (1905 – 6 August 1917), was a Romanian girl who acted as an impromptu artillery observer for the Romanian Army and was killed during the Battle of Mărășești.

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Marie of Romania

Marie of Edinburgh, more commonly known as Marie of Romania (Marie Alexandra Victoria; 29 October 1875 – 18 July 1938), was the last Queen of Romania as the wife of King Ferdinand I. Born into the British royal family, she was titled Princess Marie of Edinburgh at birth.

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Marițica Bibescu

Marițica Bibescu, born Maria Văcărescu, also known as Marițica Ghica (August 1, 1815 – September 27, 1859), was the Princess-consort of Wallachia between September 1845 and June 1848.

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Marina Hociotă

Marina Hociotă, also known as Mina Hociotă (19 August 1896 – 7 July 1977), was a Romanian nun who acted as a front line nurse during World War I.

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Marina Krilovici

Marina Krilovici (born 11 June 1942) is an opera soprano of Romanian birth.

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Mark Slonim

Mark Lvovich Slonim (Марк Льво́вич Сло́ним, also known as Marc Slonim and Marco Slonim; March 23, 1894 Giuseppina Giuliano,, entry; retrieved October 15, 2015 – 1976) was a Russian politician, literary critic, scholar and translator.

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Markovićevo

Markovićevo (Crivobara) is a village in Serbia.

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Marta Rădulescu

Marta D. Rădulescu (April 24, 1912 – 1959) was a Romanian poet, journalist, and novelist, made famous in the 1930s for her autofictional work.

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Marthe Bibesco

Marthe, Princess Bibesco (Marthe Lucie; née Lahovary; 28 January 1886 – 28 November 1973) was a celebrated Romanian-French writer, socialite, style icon and political hostess.

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Marxism–Leninism

In political science, Marxism–Leninism is the ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, of the Communist International and of Stalinist political parties.

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Matila Ghyka

Prince Matila Costiescu Ghyka, KCVO, M.C. (born Matila Costiescu; 13 September 1881 – 14 July 1965), was a Romanian novelist, mathematician, historian, philosopher, diplomat and Plenipotentiary Minister in the United Kingdom during the late 1930s and until 1940.

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Mato Dukovac

Mato Dukovac (23 September 1918 – 6 June 1990) was the leading Croatian fighter ace of World War II, credited with between 40 and 44 confirmed victories.

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Maurice Gond

Colonel Maurice Roch Gond (31 May 1884 – 11 May 1964) was a World War I flying ace who played a much more important role in his nation's affairs than six aerial victories might suggest.

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Maurice Samuel

Maurice Samuel (February 8, 1895 – May 4, 1972) was a Romanian-born British and American novelist, translator and lecturer.

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Mausoleum of Mărășești

The Mausoleum of Mărășești is a memorial site in Romania containing remains of 5,073 Romanian soldiers and officers killed in the First World War and dedicated to the commemoration of the Battle of Mărășești and Romanian Army members who were killed during World War I. The memorial took architects George Cristinel and Constantin Pomponiu 15 years to build and was unveiled on 18 September 1938 by King Carol II.

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May 10

No description.

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Mayor of Chișinău

The Mayor of Chișinău is head of the executive branch of Chișinău Municipal Council.

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Márton Balázs

Márton Balázs (July 17, 1929 – April 13, 2016) was a Romanian mathematician of Hungarian descent.

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Mátyás Rákosi

Mátyás Rákosi (9 March 1892 – 5 February 1971) was a Hungarian communist politician.

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Mănăștur

Mănăştur (Hungarian Kolozsmonostor; German Abtsdorf) is a district of the Romanian city of Cluj-Napoca which has been a part of the city since 1895.

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Mărășești

Mărășești is a small town in Romania in Vrancea County.

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Mărgărita Miller-Verghy

Mărgărita Miller-Verghy (first name also Margareta, surname also Miller-Verghi, Miller-Vergy; full name also Marg. M-V.; January 1, 1865 – December 31, 1953) was a Romanian socialite and author, also known as a schoolteacher, journalist, critic and translator.

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Medi Dinu

Margareta Wechsler "Medi" Dinu (– July 18, 2016) was a Romanian classical painter of Jewish origin.

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Mehedinți County

Mehedinți is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Serbia and Bulgaria.

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Mehmet Niyazi

Mehmet Niyazi Cemali (Memet Niyaziy; January or February 1878 - November 20, 1931) was an Ottoman-born Romanian and Crimean Tatar poet, journalist, schoolteacher, academic, and activist for ethnic Tatar causes.

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Member states of the League of Nations

Between 1920 and 1939, a total of 63 countries became member states of the League of Nations.

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Men of War: Red Tide

Men of War: Red Tide (Чёрные бушлаты, or Black Jackets) is a real-time strategy and real-time tactics video game and the sequel to the game Men of War, developed in partnership with Best Way by Digitalmindsoft and published by 1C Company.

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Miša Anastasijević

Mihailo "Miša" Anastasijević (Миша Анастасијевић; February 24, 1803 – January 27, 1885) was the second richest man in Serbia in the 19th century, through his successful salt export from Wallachia and Moldavia and business partnership with the richest, Miloš Obrenović I, Prince of Serbia.

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Michael I of Romania

Michael I (Mihai I; 25 October 1921 – 5 December 2017) was the last King of Romania, reigning from 20 July 1927 to 8 June 1930 and again from 6 September 1940 until his abdication on 30 December 1947.

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Michel Valsan

Michel Valsan (Mihai Vâlsan; 1 February 1907, Brăila, Kingdom of Romania – 25/26 November 1974, Antony, Hauts-de-Seine) was a Muslim scholar and master of the Shadhiliyya tariqah in Paris under the name Shaykh Mustafa 'Abd al-'Aziz.

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Miercurea Ciuc

Miercurea Ciuc (Csíkszereda,,; Szeklerburg) is the county seat of Harghita County, Romania.

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Mihai Eminescu

Mihai Eminescu (born Mihail Eminovici; 15 January 1850 – 15 June 1889) was a Romantic poet, novelist and journalist, generally regarded as the most famous and influential Romanian poet.

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Mihai Ralea

Mihai Dumitru Ralea (also known as Mihail Ralea, Michel Raléa, or Mihai Rale;Straje, p. 586 May 1, 1896 – August 17, 1964) was a Romanian social scientist, cultural journalist, and political figure.

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Mihai Viteazul Chișinău

Mihai Viteazul Chișinău was a football club from Chișinău, Kingdom of Romania.

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Mihai Volontir

Mihai Volontir (9 March 1934 – 15 September 2015) was a Soviet and Moldovan actor.

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Mihail Ciachir

Mihail Ciachir (also spelled Çakir; April 27, 1861, Ceadîr-Lunga (Bessarabia) - September 8, 1938, Chișinău) was a Protoiereus and educator in the Gagauz language, and first publisher of Gagauz books in the erstwhile Russian Empire.

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Mihail Kogălniceanu

Mihail Kogălniceanu (also known as Mihail Cogâlniceanu, Michel de Kogalnitchan; September 6, 1817 – July 1, 1891) was a Moldavian, later Romanian liberal statesman, lawyer, historian and publicist; he became Prime Minister of Romania on October 11, 1863, after the 1859 union of the Danubian Principalities under Domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza, and later served as Foreign Minister under Carol I. He was several times Interior Minister under Cuza and Carol.

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Mihail Pherekyde

Mihail Pherekyde (November 14, 1842 – January 24, 1926) was a Romanian politician and diplomat who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs and two terms as the Minister of Internal Affairs of Kingdom of Romania.

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Mihail Roller

Mihail Roller (first name also Mihai, also known as Rolea or Rollea; Mihai Stoian,, România Literară, 32/1999 May 6, 1908 – June 21, 1958) was a Romanian communist activist, historian and propagandist, who held a rigid ideological control over Romanian historiography and culture in the early years of the communist regime.

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Mihail Sadoveanu

Mihail Sadoveanu (occasionally referred to as Mihai Sadoveanu; November 5, 1880 – October 19, 1961) was a Romanian novelist, short story writer, journalist and political figure, who twice served as acting head of state for the communist republic (1947–1948 and 1958).

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Miklós Horthy

Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya (Vitéz"Vitéz" refers to a Hungarian knightly order founded by Miklós Horthy ("Vitézi Rend"); literally, "vitéz" means "knight" or "valiant".;; English: Nicholas Horthy; Nikolaus Horthy Ritter von Nagybánya; 18 June 18689 February 1957) was a Hungarian admiral and statesman, who became the Regent of Hungary.

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Military dictatorship

A military dictatorship (also known as a military junta) is a form of government where in a military force exerts complete or substantial control over political authority.

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Military history of Italy during World War II

The participation of Italy in the Second World War was characterized by a complex framework of ideology, politics, and diplomacy, while its military actions were often heavily influenced by external factors.

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Military history of Romania

The military history of Romania deals with conflicts spreading over a period of about 2500 years across the territory of modern Romania, the Balkan Peninsula and Eastern Europe and the role of the Romanian military in conflicts and peacekeeping worldwide.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)

The Romanian Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Ministerul Afacerilor Externe) is the ministry responsible for external affairs of the Romanian Government.

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Ministry of National Defence (Romania)

The Ministry of National Defence (Ministerul Apărării Naționale) is one of the fifteen ministries of the Government of Romania.

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Mircea Daneliuc

Mircea Daneliuc (born 7 April 1943) is a Romanian film director, screenwriter and actor.

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Mircea Eliade

Mircea Eliade (– April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher, and professor at the University of Chicago.

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Miron Constantinescu

Miron Constantinescu (13 December 1917 – 18 July 1974) was a Romanian communist politician, a leading member of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR, known as PMR for a period of his lifetime), as well as a Marxist sociologist, historian, academic, and journalist. Initially close to Communist Romania's leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, he became increasingly critical of the latter's Stalinist policies during the 1950s, and was sidelined together with Iosif Chișinevschi. Reinstated under Nicolae Ceaușescu, he became a member of the Romanian Academy.

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Miron Nicolescu

Miron Nicolescu (August 27, 1903 – June 30, 1975) was a Romanian mathematician.

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Mitică

Mitică is a fictional character who appears in several sketch stories by Romanian writer Ion Luca Caragiale.

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Mobilization of the Bulgarian Army in 1915

The mobilization of the Bulgarian Army on the eve of the Kingdom of Bulgaria's entry into World War I took place between 11 and 30 September 1915.

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Moldavia

Moldavia (Moldova, or Țara Moldovei (in Romanian Latin alphabet), Цара Мѡлдовєй (in old Romanian Cyrillic alphabet) is a historical region and former principality in Central and Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River. An initially independent and later autonomous state, it existed from the 14th century to 1859, when it united with Wallachia (Țara Românească) as the basis of the modern Romanian state; at various times, Moldavia included the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak), all of Bukovina and Hertza. The region of Pokuttya was also part of it for a period of time. The western half of Moldavia is now part of Romania, the eastern side belongs to the Republic of Moldova, and the northern and southeastern parts are territories of Ukraine.

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Moldavian Democratic Republic

The Moldavian Democratic Republic (Republica Democratică Moldovenească), also known as the Moldavian Republic, was a state proclaimed on by the Sfatul Țării (National Council) of Bessarabia, elected in October–November 1917 following the February Revolution and the start of the disintegration of the Russian Empire.

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Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic

Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (shortly: Moldavian SSR, abbr.: MSSR; Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, in Cyrillic alphabet: Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ; Молда́вская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика Moldavskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also known to as Soviet Moldavia or Soviet Moldova, was one of the fifteen republics of the Soviet Union existed from 1940 to 1991.

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Moldova

Moldova (or sometimes), officially the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south (by way of the disputed territory of Transnistria).

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Moldovans

Moldovans or Moldavians (in Moldovan/Romanian moldoveni; Moldovan Cyrillic: Молдовень) are the largest population group of the Republic of Moldova (75.1% of the population, as of 2014), and a significant minority in Ukraine and Russia.

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Moldovans in Ukraine

Moldovans in Ukraine are the third biggest minority recorded in the 2001 All Ukrainian Census after Russians and Belarusians.

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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi–Soviet Pact,Charles Peters (2005), Five Days in Philadelphia: The Amazing "We Want Willkie!" Convention of 1940 and How It Freed FDR to Save the Western World, New York: PublicAffairs, Ch.

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Momčilo Đujić

Momčilo Đujić (Момчилo Ђујић; 27 February 1907 – 11 September 1999) was a Serbian Orthodox priest and Chetnik commander (vojvoda, војвода) who led a significant proportion of the Chetniks within the northern Dalmatia and western Bosnia regions of the Independent State of Croatia during World War II.

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Monarchies in Europe

Monarchy was the prevalent form of government in the history of Europe throughout the Middle Ages, only occasionally competing with communalism, notably in the case of the Maritime republics and the Swiss Confederacy.

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Monarchism

Monarchism is the advocacy of a monarch or monarchical rule.

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Monarchy

A monarchy is a form of government in which a group, generally a family representing a dynasty (aristocracy), embodies the country's national identity and its head, the monarch, exercises the role of sovereignty.

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Monastir Offensive

Monastir Offensive was an Allied military operation against the forces of the Central Powers during World War I, intended to break the deadlock on the Macedonian Front by forcing the capitulation of Bulgaria and relieving the pressure on Romania.

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Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits

The Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits is a 1936 agreement that gives Turkey control over the Bosporus Straits and the Dardanelles and regulates the transit of naval warships.

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Moscow Conference (1945)

The Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers (also known as the Interim Meeting of Foreign Ministers) of the United States (James F. Byrnes), the United Kingdom (Ernest Bevin), and the Soviet Union (Vyacheslav Molotov) met in December 1945 to discuss the problems of occupation, establishing peace, and other Far East issues.

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Mottos of Romanian institutions

Romania has no official motto.

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Multinational state

A multinational state is a sovereign state that comprises two or more nations.

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Munich Agreement

The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation, the "Sudetenland", was coined.

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Mureș County

Mureș County (Județul Mures, Maros megye) is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania, with the administrative centre in Târgu Mureș.

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Muscel County

Muscel County is a former first-order administrative district of Romania.

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Myriam Yardeni

Myriam Yardeni (מרים ירדני; 27 April 1932 – 8 May 2015) was an Israeli historian and scholar of French history.

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N. Crevedia

N.

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N. D. Cocea

N.

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N. Petrașcu

N.

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Nae Lăzărescu

Niculae Lăzărescu also known as Nae Lăzărescu (30 January 1940 – 19 December 2013) was a Romanian television, stage and screen actor as well as a famous comedian.

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National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; Національна академія наук України, Natsional’na akademiya nauk Ukrayiny, abbr: NAN Ukraine) is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine that coordinates a system of research institutes in the country.

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National awakening of Romania

In the Romantic era, the concept of a national state emerged among the Romanians, as among many other peoples of Europe and a "national awakening" began.

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National Legionary State

The National Legionary State (Statul Național Legionar) was the Romanian government from September 6, 1940 to January 23, 1941.

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National Order of Faithful Service

The National Order of Faithful Service (Ordinul Național "Serviciul Credincios") is an honorific order of Romania.

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National-Christian Defense League

The National-Christian Defense League (Liga Apărării Național Creștine, LANC) was a far-right political party of Romania formed by A. C. Cuza.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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Nazi rule over the Danube River

Nazi rule over the Danube River was brought about by force of arms, through annexation of Austria, invasion of Yugoslavia and of the Soviet Union and treaties with the Kingdom of Romania and Hungary, but a legal cover was provided through moves that resulted in a new international order on the river beginning in 1940 and ending in 1945.

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Năsăud County

Năsăud County is one of the historic counties of Transylvania, Romania.

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Neagu Djuvara

Neagu Bunea Djuvara (August 18, 1916 – January 25, 2018) was a Romanian historian, essayist, philosopher, journalist, novelist and diplomat.

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Neamț County

Neamț is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historic region of Moldavia, with the county seat at Piatra Neamț.

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Neuwied

Neuwied is a town in the north of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, capital of the District of Neuwied.

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Nichifor Crainic

Nichifor Crainic (pseudonym of Ion Dobre; 22 December 1889, Bulbucata, Giurgiu County – 20 August 1972, Mogoșoaia) was a Romanian writer, editor, philosopher, poet and theologian famed for his traditionalist activities.

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Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen

Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen (born Nicolae Georgescu, 4 February 1906 – 30 October 1994) was a Romanian American mathematician, statistician and economist.

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Nicolae Ceaușescu

Nicolae Ceaușescu (26 January 1918 – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian Communist politician.

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Nicolae Constantin Batzaria

Nicolae Constantin Batzaria (last name also Besaria, Basarya, Bațaria or Bazaria; also known under the pen names Moș Nae, Moș Ene and Ali Baba; November 20, 1874 – January 28, 1952), was a Macedonian-born Aromanian cultural activist, Ottoman statesman and Romanian writer.

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Nicolae Crețulescu

Nicolae Crețulescu (surname also spelled Kretzulescu; 1 March 1812 – 26 June 1900) was a Wallachian, later Romanian politician and physician.

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Nicolae Filip

Nicolae Filip (March 3, 1926 – 15 May 2009) was born in the village of Sofia, Bălți to a family of farmers.

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Nicolae Iorga

Nicolae Iorga (sometimes Neculai Iorga, Nicolas Jorga, Nicolai Jorga or Nicola Jorga, born Nicu N. Iorga;Iova, p. xxvii. January 17, 1871 – November 27, 1940) was a Romanian historian, politician, literary critic, memoirist, poet and playwright.

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Nicolae Labiș

Nicolae Labiș (December 2, 1935 in Poiana Mărului, Suceava County, Romania – December 22, 1956 in Bucharest) was a Romanian poet.

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Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen

Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen (Gallicized as Petresco-Comnène, Petrescu-Comnène or N. P. Comnène, born Nicolae Petrescu; August 24, 1881 – December 8, 1958) was a Romanian diplomat, politician and social scientist, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Miron Cristea cabinet (between May 1938 and January 31, 1939).

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Nicolae Popescu

Nicolae Popescu, Ph.D., D.Phil. (22 September 1937 – 29 July 2010) was a Romanian mathematician and professor at the University of Bucharest.

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Nicolae Simache

Nicolae Simache (November 5, 1905 – January 6, 1972) was a Romanian professor, historian and publicist.

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Nicolae Titulescu

Nicolae Titulescu (March 4, 1882 – March 17, 1941) was a Romanian diplomat, at various times government minister, finance and foreign minister, and for two terms President of the General Assembly of the League of Nations (1930–32).

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Nicolae Văcăroiu

Nicolae Văcăroiu (born on 5 December 1943 in Cetatea Albă, now Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi in Ukraine) is a Romanian politician, member of the Social Democratic Party, who served as Prime Minister between 1992 and 1996.

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Nicolae Xenopol

Nicolae Dimitrie Xenopol (or, also Nicu Xenopol; Francized Nicolas Xenopol; October 11, 1858 – December 1917) was a Romanian politician, diplomat, economist and writer, the younger brother of historian Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol and, like him, a member of Junimea society.

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Nihil sine Deo

coat of arms Nihil sine Deo, Latin for "Nothing without God", is used as a motto by the German Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen royal family.

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Nikolaos Plastiras

Nikolaos Plastiras (Νικόλαος Πλαστήρας; 4 November 1883 – 26 July 1953) was a Greek general and politician, who served thrice as Prime Minister of Greece.

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NKVD special groups

The special groups of the NKVD for fighting against nationalists (Специальные группы НКВД по борьбе с националистами)The special groups of the NKVD are in the fight with nationalists, Ch.

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NMS Alexandru cel Bun

NMS Alexandru cel Bun was the first minelayer of the Romanian Naval Forces.

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NMS Amiral Murgescu

NMS Amiral Murgescu was a minelayer and convoy escort of the Romanian Navy, the first sea-going warship built in Romania and the largest Romanian-built warship of World War II.

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NMS Constanța

NMS Constanța was a submarine tender of the Romanian Navy.

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NMS Delfinul

NMS Delfinul (The Dolphin) was a Romanian submarine that served in the Black Sea during the Second World War.

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NMS Fulgerul

NMS Fulgerul was a gunboat of the Romanian Navy built in France in 1873.

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NMS Grivița

NMS Grivița was a gunboat of the Romanian Navy, built in 1880.

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NMS Marsuinul

NMS Marsuinul (The Porpoise) was a submarine of the Romanian Navy, one of the few warships built in Romania during the Second World War.

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NMS Mărășești

NMS Mărășești was a ''Vifor''-class destroyer, ordered by Romania from Italy and built during the First World War.

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NMS Mărăști

NMS Mărăști was a ''Vifor''-class destroyer, ordered by Romania from Italy and built during the First World War.

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NMS Mihail Kogălniceanu

NMS Mihail Kogălniceanu was a monitor of the Romanian Navy.

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NMS Mircea (1882)

NMS Mircea was the second ship of the Romanian Navy's Black Sea Fleet, one of the Fleet's six founding warships and the only one of these vessels to remain in service until the Second World War.

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NMS Năluca

NMS Năluca was a torpedo boat of the Royal Romanian Navy.

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NMS Rândunica

NMS Rândunica was the first torpedo boat of the Romanian Navy.

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NMS Rechinul

NMS Rechinul (the shark) was a submarine of the Romanian Navy, one of the few warships built in Romania during the Second World War used during World War II.

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NMS Sborul

NMS Sborul was a torpedo boat of the Royal Romanian Navy.

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NMS Smeul

NMS Smeul was a torpedo boat of the Royal Romanian Navy.

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NMS Smeul (1888)

NMS Smeul (1888) was a torpedo boat of the Romanian Navy.

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NMS Sublocotenent Ghiculescu

NMS Sublocotenent Ghiculescu was a specialized ASW gunboat of the Romanian Navy.

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NMS Trotușul

NMS Trotușul was a small torpedo boat of the Romanian Navy.

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NMS Vedenia

NMS Vedenia was a Second World War motor torpedo boat of the Romanian Navy.

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NMS Viscolul

NMS Viscolul was the most successful and the longest-serving motor torpedo boat of the Romanian Navy during the Second World War.

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Norberto Höfling

Norberto Höfling (20 June 1924 – 18 April 2005) was a Jewish Romanian footballer and coach.

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Northern Dobruja

Northern Dobruja (Dobrogea; Северна Добруджа, Severna Dobrudzha) is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania.

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Northern Maramuresh

Northern Maramuresh is a geographic-historical region comprising roughly the eastern half of the Zakarpattia Oblast in southwestern Ukraine, near the border with Romania.

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Northern Transylvania

Northern Transylvania (Transilvania de Nord, Észak-Erdély) was the region of the Kingdom of Romania that during World War II, as a consequence of the territorial agreement known as the Second Vienna Award, became part of the Kingdom of Hungary.

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November 23

No description.

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November 27

No description.

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Nutzi Acontz

Nutzi Acontz (November 16, 1894 – December 19, 1957) was a Romanian painter of Armenian descent.

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Nyon Conference

The Nyon Conference was a diplomatic conference held in Nyon, Switzerland in September 1937 to address attacks on international shipping in the Mediterranean Sea during the Spanish Civil War.

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OA vz. 27

The OA vz.

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OA vz. 30

The OA vz.

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Oberste Heeresleitung

The Oberste Heeresleitung (Supreme Army Command or OHL) was the highest echelon of command of the army (Heer) of the German Empire.

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Oblasts of Ukraine

An oblast (область), in English referred to as a region, refers to one of Ukraine's 24 primary administrative units.

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Obrenović dynasty

The Obrenović (Обрeновић, Obrenovići / Обреновићи) was a Serbian dynasty that ruled Serbia from 1815 to 1842, and again from 1858 to 1903.

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Octavian Smigelschi

Octavian or Octav Smigelschi (last name also Smigelski, Smighelschi, Szmigelszki, or Szmigelschi; Szmigelszki Oktáv; March 21, 1866 – November 10, 1912) was an Austro-Hungarian painter and printmaker, one of the leading culturally Romanian artists in his native Transylvania.

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Odessa Military District

The Odessa Military District (Одесский военный округ, ОВО) was a military administrative division of the Imperial Russian military, the Soviet Armed Forces and the Ukrainian Armed Forces and was known under such name from around 1862 to 1998.

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Odessa Oblast

Odessa Oblast (Одеська область, Odes’ka oblast’, Одесская область, Odesskaya oblast’) is an oblast or province of southwestern Ukraine located along the northern coast of the Black Sea, consisting of the eastern part of the historical region of Novorossiya, and the southern part of the historical region of Bessarabia (also known as Budjak), the latter being a former oblast incorporated into the Odessa Oblast, in 1954.

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Odessa Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine

The Odessa Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, commonly referred to as the Odessa CPU obkom, was the position of highest authority in the Odessa Oblast, in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union.

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Odorhei County

Odorhei County was a county (Romanian: județ) in the Kingdom of Romania.

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Oțelu Roșu

Oțelu Roșu (formerly Ferdinand; Nándorhegy; Ferdinandsberg) is a town in southwestern Caraș-Severin County, Romania, in the Bistra Valley.

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Oil campaign of World War II

The Allied oil campaign of World War II was directed by the RAF and USAAF against facilities supplying Nazi Germany with petroleum, oil, and lubrication (POL) products.

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Olga Bancic

Olga Bancic (born Golda Bancic; also known under her French nom de guerre Pierrette; May 10, 1912–May 10, 1944) was a Romanian communist activist, known for her role in the French Resistance.

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Olga Szabó-Orbán

Olga Szabó-Orbán (née Orbán on 9 October 1938) is a Romanian former foil fencer, world champion in 1962 and team world champion in 1969.

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Olt County

Olt is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the historical regions of Oltenia and Muntenia (the regions are separated by the Olt river).

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One ban

The Romanian one-ban coin is a unit of currency equalling one one-hundredth of a Romanian leu.

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One hundred thousand lei (Romanian coin)

The one hundred thousand lei was the largest-denomination coin ever issued in Romania.

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One leu (Romanian coin)

The one leu coin was a coin of the Romanian leu.

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One-party state

A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system, or single-party system is a type of state in which one political party has the right to form the government, usually based on the existing constitution.

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Operation Bagration

Operation Bagration (Операция Багратио́н, Operatsiya Bagration) was the codename for the Soviet 1944 Belorussian Strategic Offensive Operation, (Белорусская наступательная операция «Багратион», Belorusskaya nastupatelnaya Operatsiya Bagration) a military campaign fought between 22 June and 19 August 1944 in Soviet Byelorussia in the Eastern Front of World War II.

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Operation Koltso

Operation Koltso (Operation Ring) was the last part of the Battle of Stalingrad.

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Operation Little Saturn

Operation Saturn, revised as Operation Little Saturn, was a Red Army operation on the Eastern Front of World War II that led to battles in the northern Caucasus and Donets Basin regions of the Soviet Union from December 1942 to February 1943.

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Operation Margarethe

Operation Margarethe was the occupation of Hungary by Nazi German forces during World War II, as it was ordered by Hitler on 12 March 1944.

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Operation München

Operation München (Operaţiunea München) was the Romanian codename of a joint German-Romanian offensive during the German invasion of the Soviet Union in World War II, with the primary objective of recapturing Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and Hertsa, ceded by Romania to the Soviet Union a year before (Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina).

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Operation Panzerfaust

Operation Panzerfaust (Unternehmen Panzerfaust), was a military operation to keep the Kingdom of Hungary at Germany's side in the war, conducted in October 1944 by the German Wehrmacht.

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Operation Retribution (1941)

Operation Retribution (Unternehmen Strafgericht), also known as Operation Punishment, was the April 1941 German bombing of Belgrade, the capital of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, in retaliation for the coup d'état that overthrew the government that had signed the Tripartite Pact.

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Oradea

Oradea (Großwardein, Nagyvárad, Hungarian pronunciation:, colloquially also Várad, former Varat, גרויסווארדיין Groysvardeyn) the capital city of Bihor County and Crișana region, is one of the important centers of economic, social and cultural development in the western part of Romania, retaining these characteristics throughout history.

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Order of Carol I

The Order of Carol I (Romanian: Ordinul Carol I) was the highest ranking of the Romanian honours of the Kingdom of Romania until the abolition of the monarchy in 1947.

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Order of Michael the Brave

The Order of Michael the Brave (Ordinul Mihai Viteazul) is Romania's highest military decoration, instituted by King Ferdinand I during the early stages of the Romanian Campaign of the First World War, and was again awarded in the Second World War.

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Order of the Crown (Romania)

The Order of the Crown of Romania is a chivalric order set up on 14 March 1881 by King Carol I of Romania to commemorate the establishment of the Kingdom of Romania.

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Order of the Star of Romania

The Order of the Star of Romania (Romanian: Ordinul Steaua României) is Romania's highest civil Order and second highest State decoration after the defunct Order of Michael the Brave.

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Orders, decorations, and medals of Romania

The National Decorations System of Romania (Sistemul Naţional de Decoraţii) is divided into six categories, listed below.

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Orhei

Orhei (Yiddish Uriv – אוריװ), also formerly known as Orgeev (Орге́ев), is a city, municipality and the administrative centre of Orhei District in Moldova, with a population of 21,065.

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Orhei County (Romania)

Orhei was a county (Romanian: județ) in the Kingdom of Romania between 1925 and 1938, and again between 1941 and 1944, with the seat at Orhei.

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Orița M1941

The Orița is a 9×19mm Parabellum submachine gun that was manufactured in Romania during World War II and for several years afterwards.

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Oryol Prison

The Oryol Prison has been a prison in Oryol since the 19th century.

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Oscar Walter Cisek

Oscar Walter Cisek (or; 6 December 1897 - 30 May 1966) was a Romanian writer, diplomat, and art critic, who authored short stories, novels, poems and essays in both German and Romanian.

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Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance

An Ottoman–Bulgarian (or Turco-Bulgarian) alliance was signed in Sofia on 19 August (6 August O.S.) 1914 during the opening month of the First World War, although at the time both the signatories were neutral.

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Ottoman–German alliance

The Ottoman–German Alliance was an alliance between the German Empire and the Ottoman Empire that was ratified on August 2, 1914, shortly following the outbreak of World War I. The alliance was created as part of a joint-cooperative effort that would strengthen and modernize the failing Ottoman military, as well as provide Germany safe passage into neighboring British colonies.

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Outline of Romania

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Romania: Romania – unitary semi-presidential republic located in Central-Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine.

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Outline of World War I

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to World War I: World War I – major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918.

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Palace of the Patriarchate

The Palace of the Chamber of Deputies (Palatul Camerei Deputaţilor) (now the Palace of the Patriarchate (Palatul Patriarhiei); also known as the Palace of the Great National Assembly (Palatul Marii Adunări Naționale) during the Communist regime) is a building in Bucharest, Romania located on the plateau of Dealul Mitropoliei.

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Pannonian Basin

The Pannonian Basin, or Carpathian Basin, is a large basin in Central Europe.

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Pantazi Ghica

Pantazi Ghica (also known under the pen names Tapazin, G. Pantazi, and Ghaki; 15 March 1831 – 17 July 1882) was a Wallachian, later Romanian politician and lawyer, also known as a dramatist, poet, short story writer, and literary critic.

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Panther tank

The Panther is a German medium tank deployed during World War II on the Eastern and Western Fronts in Europe from mid-1943 to the war's end in 1945.

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Panzer 35(t)

The Panzerkampfwagen 35(t), commonly shortened to Panzer 35(t) or abbreviated as Pz.Kpfw.

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Panzer III

The Panzerkampfwagen III, commonly known as the Panzer III, was a medium tank developed in the 1930s by Germany, and was used extensively in World War II.

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Panzer IV

The Panzerkampfwagen IV (PzKpfw IV), commonly known as the Panzer IV, was a German medium tank developed in the late 1930s and used extensively during the Second World War.

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Paris Peace Treaties, 1947

The Paris Peace Treaties (Traité de Paris) was signed on 10 February 1947, as the outcome of the Paris Peace Conference, held from 29 July to 15 October 1946.

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Paskalevo

Paskalevo (Паскалево) is a village in the municipality of Dobrichka, in Dobrich Province, in northeastern Bulgaria.

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Paths of Glory (board game)

Paths of Glory: The First World War, 1914–1918 is a strategy board wargame, designed in 1999 by the six-time Charles S. Roberts Awards winner Ted Raicer and published by GMT Games.

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Paul Bujor

Paul Bujor (born Pavel Bujor;Mărghitan & Mancaș, p. 43 August 2, 1862 – May 17, 1952) was a Romanian zoologist, physiologist and marine biologist, also noted as a socialist writer and politician.

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Paul Celan

Paul Celan (23 November 1920 – c. 20 April 1970) was a Romanian-born German language poet and translator.

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Paul Georgescu

Paul Georgescu (November 7, 1923 – October 15, 1989) was a Romanian literary critic, journalist, fiction writer and communist political figure.

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Paul Goma

Paul Goma (born October 2, 1935) is a Romanian writer, also known for his activities as a dissident and leading opponent of the communist regime before 1989.

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Paul Kligman

Paul Kligman (21 January 1923 – 29 August 1985) was a Romanian-born Canadian actor.

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Pavel Tcacenco

Pavel Tcacenco or Tkachenko (Павел Дмитриевич Ткаченко; born Yakov Antipov or Antip, Яков Яковлевич Антипов; 7 April?, 1892/1899/1901 – 5 September 1926) was a Russian-born Romanian communist activist, a leading member of the communist movements of Bessarabia and Romania in the 1920s.

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Pál Szende

Pál Szende (born as Pál Schwarz, 7 February 1879 – 15 July 1934) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Finance between 1918 and 1919.

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Péter Medgyessy

Péter Medgyessy (born 19 October 1942) is a Hungarian politician and was the Prime Minister of the Republic of Hungary from 27 May 2002 until 29 September 2004.

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Păstorel Teodoreanu

Păstorel Teodoreanu, or just Păstorel (born Alexandru Osvald (Al. O.) Teodoreanu; July 30, 1894 – March 17, 1964), was a Romanian humorist, poet and gastronome, the brother of novelist Ionel Teodoreanu and brother in law of writer Ștefana Velisar Teodoreanu.

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Peasant Revolt in Albania

The Peasant Revolt in Albania, or the Muslim Uprising in Albania, was the uprising of peasants from central Albania, mostly Muslims, against the regime of Prince Wilhelm of Wied during 1914, and was one of the reasons for the prince's withdrawal from the country, marking the fall of the Principality of Albania.

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Peasants' Party (Romania)

The Peasants' Party (Partidul Țărănesc, PȚ) was a political party in post-World War I Romania that espoused a left-wing ideology partly connected with Agrarianism and Populism, and aimed to represent the interests of the Romanian peasantry.

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Pecica

Pecica (Pécska; Petschka; Печка/Pečka) is a town in Arad County, Romania.

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Peter Freund

Peter George Oliver Freund (7 September 1936, Timişoara – 6 March 2018, Chicago) was a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Chicago.

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Peter Huchel

Peter Huchel (April 3, 1903 – April 30, 1981), born Hellmut Huchel, was a German poet.

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Peter I of Serbia

Peter I (Petar/Петар; – 16 August 1921) reigned as the last King of Serbia (1903–1918) and as the first King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1921).

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Peter J. Bickel

Peter John Bickel (born 1940) is an American statistician, Professor of Statistics at the University of California, Berkeley, who is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the National Academy of Sciences.

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Petre Borilă

Petre Borilă (born Iordan Dragan Rusev; Bulgarian: Йордан Драган Русев, Yordan Dragan Rusev; 13 February 1906 – 2 January 1973) was a Romanian communist politician who briefly served as Vice-Premier under the Communist regime.

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Petre P. Carp

Petre P. Carp (also Petrache Carp, Francized Pierre Carp, Ioana Pârvulescu,, in România Literară, Nr. 25/2010 occasionally Comte Carpe; 28 Mircea Dumitriu,, in România Liberă, 22 September, 2007 or 29Călinescu, p.440 June 1837 – 19 June 1919) was a Moldavian, later Romanian statesman, political scientist and culture critic, one of the major representatives of Romanian liberal conservatism, and twice the country's Prime Minister (1900–1901, 1910–1912).

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Petre P. Panaitescu

Petre P. Panaitescu (March 11, 1900 – November 14, 1967) was a Romanian literary historian.

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Petre Roman

Petre Roman (born 22 July 1946) is a Romanian politician who was Prime Minister of Romania from 1989 to 1991, when his government was overthrown by the intervention of the miners led by Miron Cozma.

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Petre Steinbach

Petre Steinbach (born in Timişoara, Romania, in January 1, 1906; death in Germany, 1996), was a Romanian football midfielder.

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Petru Groza

Petru Groza (7 December 1884 – 7 January 1958) was a Romanian politician, best known as the Prime Minister of the first Communist Party-dominated government under Soviet occupation during the early stages of the Communist regime in Romania.

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Petru Lucinschi

Petru Lucinschi (born 27 January 1940) is a former Moldovan politician who was Moldova's second President (1997–2001).

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Petru Poni

Petru Poni (4 January 1841 – 2 April 1925) was a Moldavian, later Romanian chemist and mineralogist.

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Pierre Béarn

Pierre Béarn (15 June 1902 – October 27, 2004) was a French writer.

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Pitești

Pitești is a city in Romania, located on the Argeș River.

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Plasă

Plasă (plural plăși) was a territorial division unit of Romania, ranking below county (județ) and above commune.

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Platon Kornyljak

Platon Volodyslav Kornyljak or Kornylyak (Платон Володислав Корниляк; 6 September 1920 – 1 November 2000) was an Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch in Germany.

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Ploiești

Ploiești (older spelling: Ploești) is a city and county seat in Prahova County, Romania.

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Polish-Lithuanian identity

The Polish-Lithuanian identity describes individuals and groups with histories in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth or with close connections to its culture.

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Polish–Romanian Alliance

The Polish–Romanian Alliance was a series of treaties signed in the interwar period by the Second Polish Republic and the Kingdom of Romania.

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Polish–Soviet War

The Polish–Soviet War (February 1919 – March 1921) was fought by the Second Polish Republic, Ukrainian People's Republic and the proto-Soviet Union (Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine) for control of an area equivalent to today's western Ukraine and parts of modern Belarus.

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Polish–Ukrainian War

The Polish–Ukrainian War of 1918 and 1919 was a conflict between the Second Polish Republic and Ukrainian forces (both West Ukrainian People's Republic and Ukrainian People's Republic).

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Polonia Cernăuți

PKF Polonia Cernăuţi was a Polish football club based in the city of Cernăuţi, Bukovina, Kingdom of Romania (now in Ukraine).

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Popular monarchy

Popular monarchy is a term used by Kingsley Martin (1936) for royal titles referring to a people rather than a territory.

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Port of Sevastopol

200px Sevastopol Marine Trade Port (SMTP) is a port in Sevastopol.

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Potez 630

The Potez 630 and its derivatives were a family of twin-engined aircraft developed for the French Air Force in the late 1930s.

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Potsdam Agreement

The Potsdam Agreement (Potsdamer Abkommen) was the August 1945 agreement between three of the Allies of World War II, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union.

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Praetor

Praetor (also spelled prætor) was a title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to men acting in one of two official capacities: the commander of an army (in the field or, less often, before the army had been mustered); or, an elected magistratus (magistrate), assigned various duties (which varied at different periods in Rome's history).

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Prahova County

Prahova is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region Muntenia, with the capital city at Ploiești.

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Prahova Valley

Prahova Valley (Romanian: Valea Prahovei) is the valley where the Prahova river makes its way between the Bucegi and the Baiu Mountains, in the Carpathian Mountains, Romania.

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Primogeniture

Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the paternally acknowledged, firstborn son to inherit his parent's entire or main estate, in preference to daughters, elder illegitimate sons, younger sons and collateral relatives; in some cases the estate may instead be the inheritance of the firstborn child or occasionally the firstborn daughter.

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Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta

Prince Aimone, 4th Duke of Aosta (Aimone Roberto Margherita Maria Giuseppe Torino; 9 March 1900 – 29 January 1948) was a prince of Italy's reigning House of Savoy and an officer of the Royal Italian Navy.

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Prince Georg of Bavaria

Prince Georg of Bavaria (Georg Franz Joseph Luitpold Maria Prinz von Bayern) (April 2, 1880 – May 31, 1943) was a member of the Bavarian Royal House of Wittelsbach and a Catholic priest.

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Prince Joachim of Prussia

Prince Joachim Franz Humbert of Prussia (17 December 1890 – 18 July 1920) was the youngest son of Wilhelm II, German Emperor, by his first wife, Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein.

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Prince Kiril of Bulgaria

Prince Kyril of Bulgaria, Prince of Preslav (Kyril Heinrich Franz Ludwig Anton Karl Philipp; 17 November 1895 – 1 February 1945) was the second son of Ferdinand I of Bulgaria and his first wife Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma.

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Prince Leopold of Bavaria

Leopold Maximilian Joseph Maria Arnulf, Prinz von Bayern (9 February 1846 – 28 September 1930) was born in Munich, the son of Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria (1821–1912) and his wife Archduchess Augusta of Austria (1825–1864).

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Prince Mircea of Romania

Prince Mircea of Romania (3 January 19132 November 1916) was the third son and last child of King Ferdinand of Romania and his wife, Marie of Edinburgh and a great-grandson of Queen Victoria through his mother.

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Princess Ileana of Romania

Princess Ileana of Romania, also known as Mother Alexandra (5 January 1909 – 21 January 1991), was the youngest daughter of King Ferdinand I of Romania and his consort, Queen Marie of Romania.

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Princess Maria of Romania (1870–1874)

Princess Maria of Romania (Maria von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, 8 September 18709 April 1874) was the only child of Carol I of Romania and his wife, Elisabeth of Wied.

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Princess Sophie of Albania

Princess Sophie of Schönburg-Waldenburg (Sophie Helene Cecilie Prinzessin von Schönburg-Waldenburg; 21 May 1885 – 3 February 1936) was the consort of Prince William of Wied.

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Proletarul (1892)

Proletarul ('Proletarian') was a socialist newspaper published from Botoșani, Kingdom of Romania.

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Protocol for the reconstruction of Hungary

The Protocol for the Reconstruction of Hungary was an agreement concluded on 14 March 1924 between the government of Hungary and the governments of Great Britain, France, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia, providing for a gradual reconstruction of the Hungarian economy under League of Nations supervision.

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Prunaru Charge

The Prunaru Charge (Şarja de la Prunaru) was one of the most daring actions of the Romanian Armed Forces in World War I. The cavalry charge took place on in Prunaru (today part of Bujoreni commune, Teleorman County), and was a component operation of the Battle of Bucharest.

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Putna County

Putna was a county (Romanian: județ) in the Kingdom of Romania, in southern Moldavia.

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Pyotr Voykov

Pyotr Lazarevich Voykov (Пётр Ла́заревич Во́йков; party aliases: Пётрусь and Интеллигент, or Piotrus and Intelligent) (– June 7, 1927) was a Soviet revolutionary and diplomat known for his role in the Shooting of the Romanov Family.

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Queen Anne of Romania

Queen Anne of Romania (née Princess Anne Antoinette Françoise Charlotte Zita Marguerite of Bourbon-Parma; 18 September 1923 – 1 August 2016) was the wife of Michael I, former King of Romania.

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Racial Equality Proposal

The Racial Equality Proposal was an amendment to the treaty under consideration at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference offered by Japan.

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Racoviță

The Racoviţă (anglicized Racovitza) was a family of Moldavian and Wallachian boyars which gave the Danubian Principalities several hospodars, becoming influential within the Ottoman Empire and the Phanariote kinship network.

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Radu D. Rosetti

Radu D. Rosetti or Rossetti (December 13Constantin Ciopraga, Literatura română între 1900 și 1918, pp. 296–297. Iași: Editura Junimea, 1970 or December 18,Călinescu, p. 593 1874 – 1964) was a Romanian poet, playwright, and short story writer, also distinguished as an attorney and activist.

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Radu Lupu

Radu Lupu, CBE (born November 30, 1945) is a Romanian concert pianist.

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Radu Rosetti

Radu Rosetti (Francized Rodolphe Rosetti; September 14, 1853 – February 12, 1926) was a Moldavian, later Romanian politician, historian and novelist, father of General Radu R. Rosetti and a prominent member of the Rosetti family.

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Radu Vasile

Radu Vasile (10 October 1942 – 3 July 2013) was a Romanian politician, historian and poet.

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Raid on Constanța

The Raid on Constanța was an attack of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet on the Romanian port of Constanța on 26 June 1941, resulting in the only encounter between major warships during the naval war in the Black Sea in World War II.

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Rail transport in Romania

The first railway in the Kingdom of Romania opened in 1869 and linked Bucharest and Giurgiu.

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Rattersdorf

Rattersdorf (Hungarian Rőtfalva, Serbo-Croatian Ratištrof) is an Austrian hamlet about 90 km south of Vienna, with a population of under 500.

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Râmnicu Sărat County

Râmnicu Sărat County is one of the historic counties of Muntenia, Romania.

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Rădăuți County

Rădăuți County is one of the historic counties of Bukovina, Romania.

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Refiyîk Kadír

Refiyîk Kadír was a Dobrujan-born Crimean Tatar officer regarded as a hero of the Romanian Army.

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Reforms of Bulgarian orthography

The spelling reforms of modern Bulgarian orthography were used to make simpler the writing of standard Bulgarian language.

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Regent of Hungary

The Regent of Hungary was a position established in 1446 and renewed in 1920.

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Reginald Bacon

Admiral Sir Reginald Hugh Spencer Bacon, (6 September 1863 – 9 June 1947) was an officer in the Royal Navy noted for his technical abilities.

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Regulamentul Organic

Regulamentul Organic (Organic Regulation; Règlement Organique; r)The name also has plural versions in all languages concerned, referring to the dual nature of the document; however, the singular version is usually preferred.

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Religion in national symbols

Religion in national symbols can often be found in national anthems or flags.

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Remus Koffler

Remus Koffler (1902 – April 17, 1954) was a Romanian communist activist who, during the 1930s and '40s, helped assure financing for the Romanian Communist Party.

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Renault R35

The Renault R35, an abbreviation of Char léger Modèle 1935 R or R 35, was a French light infantry tank of the Second World War.

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Reorganization of occupied dioceses during World War II

The reorganization of occupied dioceses during World War II was an issue faced by Pope Pius XII of whether to extend the apostolic authority of Catholic bishops from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy to German-occupied Europe during World War II.

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Repression of communists in the Kingdom of Romania

The Repression of communists in the Kingdom of Romania was political repression against people who held communist views in the Kingdom of Romania between 1921 and 1944.

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Republic of Ploiești

The Republic of Ploiești (Republica de la Ploiești) was a revolt against the Romanian monarchy in the city of Ploiești, Romania, on August 8, 1870.

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Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–20)

There was a period of revolutions and interventions in Hungary between 1918 and 1920.

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Richard Wurmbrand

Richard Wurmbrand, also known as Nicolai Ionescu (March 24, 1909 – February 17, 2001) was a Romanian Christian minister of Jewish descent.

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Right-wing dictatorship

A right-wing dictatorship (sometimes also referred to as a rightist dictatorship) is an authoritarian (or sometimes totalitarian) regime whose policy could be called right-wing.

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River monitor

River monitors are military craft designed to patrol rivers.

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Robert R. Reisz

Robert Rafael Reisz is a Canadian paleontologist and specialist in the study of early amniote and tetrapod evolution.

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Robert Steinberg

Robert Steinberg (May 25, 1922, Soroca, Bessarabia, Romania (present-day Moldova) – May 25, 2014) was a mathematician at the University of California, Los Angeles.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bucharest

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bucharest is the Latin Metropolitan archdiocese in Romania.

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Roman County

Roman County is one of the historic counties of Moldavia, Romania.

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Romanați County

Romanați County was a county (Romanian: județ) in the Kingdom of Romania, in southeastern part of the historical region of Oltenia.

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Romania

Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.

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Romania (disambiguation)

Romania is a modern nation-state, located in South-East Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula.

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Romania during World War I

The Kingdom of Romania was neutral for the first two years of World War I, entering on the side of the Allied powers from 27 August 1916 until Central Power occupation led to the Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918, before reentering the war on 10 November 1918. It had the only oil fields in Europe, and Germany eagerly bought its petroleum, as well as food exports. King Carol favored Germany but after his death in 1914, King Ferdinand and the nation's political elite favored the Entente. For Romania, the highest priority was taking Transylvania from Hungary, with its 3,000,000 Romanians. The Allies wanted Romania to join its side in order to cut the rail communications between Germany and Turkey, and to cut off Germany's oil supplies. Britain made loans, France sent a military training mission, and Russia promised modern munitions. The Allies promised at least 200,000 soldiers to defend Romania against Bulgaria to the south, and help it invade Austria. The Romanian campaign was part of the Balkan theatre of World War I, with Romania and Russia allied with Britain and France against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria, and Turkey. Fighting took place from August 1916 to December 1917 across most of present-day Romania, including Transylvania, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the time, as well as in southern Dobruja, which is currently part of Bulgaria. Despite initial successes, the Romanian forces (aided by Russia) suffered massive setbacks, and by the end of 1916 only Moldavia remained. After several defensive victories in 1917, with Russia's withdrawal from the war following the October Revolution, Romania, almost completely surrounded by the Central Powers, was also forced to drop out of the war; it signed the Treaty of Bucharest with the Central Powers in May 1918. On 10 November 1918, just one day before the German armistice and after all the other Central Powers had already capitulated, Romania re-entered the war after the successful Allied advances on the Macedonian Front.

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Romania in World War II

Following the outbreak of World War II on 1 September 1939, the Kingdom of Romania under King Carol II officially adopted a position of neutrality.

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Romanian Black Sea Fleet during World War I

During World War I, the Black Sea Fleet of the Romanian Navy fought against the Central Powers forces of the German Empire, the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary.

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Romanian Danube Flotilla

The Romanian Danube Flotilla is the oldest extant naval force on the Danube, dating since 1860, when the Romanian Navy was founded.

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Romanian Democratic Convention

The Romanian Democratic Convention (Convenţia Democrată Română; abbreviated CDR) was an electoral alliance of several centre-right political parties in Romania, active from 1991 until 2000.

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Romanian dynastic crisis

The dynastic crisis (criza dinastică) of the Kingdom of Romania began in December 1925, when Prince Carol II stated he would renounce his rights to the throne, and ended in June 1930, when he deposed his young son and took the throne for himself.

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Romanian general election, 1892

General elections were held in the Kingdom of Romania in February–March 1892, ending in a major victory for the incumbent Conservative Party cabinet.

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Romanian general election, 1911

General elections were held in the Kingdom of Romania from March 1 to March 14, 1911, confirming a majority for the Conservative Party (PC) under Petre P. Carp.

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Romanian general election, 1946

General elections were held in Romania on 19 November 1946, in the aftermath of World War II.

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Romanian landings in Bulgaria

The Romanian landings in Bulgaria were a decisive military action during the Second Balkan War.

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Romanian local elections, 1930

Local elections were held in the Kingdom of Romania on 5 February 1930.

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Romanian local elections, 1936

Local elections were held in the Kingdom of Romania in 1936.

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Romanian Naval Forces

The Romanian Navy (Forțele Navale Române) is the navy branch of the Romanian Armed Forces; it operates in the Black Sea and on the Danube.

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Romanian Navy during World War II

The Romanian Navy during World War II was the main Axis naval force in the Black Sea and fought against the Soviet Union's Black Sea Fleet from 1941 to 1944.

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Romanian occupation of Pokuttya

The Romanian occupation of Pokuttya took place in early 1919, when, as a result of alliances concluded between Romania and Poland, the former entered the southeastern corner of the former Austro-Hungarian ruled province of Galicia.

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Romanian Old Kingdom

The Romanian Old Kingdom (Vechiul Regat or just Regat; Regat or Altreich) is a colloquial term referring to the territory covered by the first independent Romanian nation state, which was composed of the Romanian Principalities—Wallachia and Moldavia.

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Romanian philosophy

Romanian philosophy is a name covering either a) the philosophy done in Romania or by Romanians, or b) an ethnic philosophy, which expresses at a high level the fundamental features of the Romanian spirituality, or which elevates to a philosophical level the Weltanschauung of the Romanian people, as deposited in language and folklore, traditions, architecture and other linguistic and cultural artifacts.

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Romanian royal family

The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy in Central-Eastern Europe, ruled by a royal family that was a branch of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen dynasty.

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Romanian submarines of World War II

During the Second World War, the Royal Romanian Navy operated a total of 9 submarines: three fleet submarines and six midget submarines.

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Romanian Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists

The Romanian Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists (Uniunea de Conferinţe a Bisericii Adventiste de Ziua a Şaptea din România) is Romania's seventh-largest religious body.

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Romanian War of Independence

The Romanian War of Independence is the name used in Romanian historiography to refer to the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78), following which Romania, fighting on the Russian side, gained independence from the Ottoman Empire. On, Romania and the Russian Empire signed a treaty at Bucharest under which Russian troops were allowed to pass through Romanian territory, with the condition that Russia respected the integrity of Romania. The mobilization began, and about 120,000 soldiers were massed in the south of the country to defend against an eventual attack of the Ottoman forces from south of the Danube. On, Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire and its troops entered Romania through the newly built Eiffel Bridge.

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Romanianization

Romanianization (or Rumanianization or Rumanization) was the series of policies aimed toward ethnic assimilation implemented by the Romanian authorities during the 20th century.

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Romanians

The Romanians (români or—historically, but now a seldom-used regionalism—rumâni; dated exonym: Vlachs) are a Latin European ethnic group and nation native to Romania, that share a common Romanian culture, ancestry, and speak the Romanian language, the most widespread spoken Eastern Romance language which is descended from the Latin language. According to the 2011 Romanian census, just under 89% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians. In one interpretation of the census results in Moldova, the Moldovans are counted as Romanians, which would mean that the latter form part of the majority in that country as well.Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook By David Levinson, Published 1998 – Greenwood Publishing Group.At the time of the 1989 census, Moldova's total population was 4,335,400. The largest nationality in the republic, ethnic Romanians, numbered 2,795,000 persons, accounting for 64.5 percent of the population. Source:: "however it is one interpretation of census data results. The subject of Moldovan vs Romanian ethnicity touches upon the sensitive topic of", page 108 sqq. Romanians are also an ethnic minority in several nearby countries situated in Central, respectively Eastern Europe, particularly in Hungary, Czech Republic, Ukraine (including Moldovans), Serbia, and Bulgaria. Today, estimates of the number of Romanian people worldwide vary from 26 to 30 million according to various sources, evidently depending on the definition of the term 'Romanian', Romanians native to Romania and Republic of Moldova and their afferent diasporas, native speakers of Romanian, as well as other Eastern Romance-speaking groups considered by most scholars as a constituent part of the broader Romanian people, specifically Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, Istro-Romanians, and Vlachs in Serbia (including medieval Vlachs), in Croatia, in Bulgaria, or in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Romanians in France

Romanian French is the term for a French citizen of Romanian heritage and origins, born in Romania and living as an emigrant in France or being born in France from a Romanian immigrant family, that came to France at the beginning of the 20th century.

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Romanians in Ukraine

This article represents an overview on the history of Romanians in Ukraine, including those Romanians of Northern Bukovina, Zakarpattia Oblast, and Budjak in Odessa Oblast, but also those Romanophones in the territory between the Dniester River and the Southern Bug River, who traditionally have not inhabited any Romanian state (nor Transnistria), but have been an integral part of the history of modern Ukraine, and are considered natives to the area.

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Românul

Românul (meaning "The Romanian"; originally spelled Romanulu or Românulŭ, also known as Romînul, Concordia, Libertatea and Consciinti'a Nationala), was a political and literary newspaper published in Bucharest, Romania, from 1857 to 1905.

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Rose Ausländer

Rose Ausländer (born Rosalie Beatrice Scherzer; May 11, 1901 – January 3, 1988) was a Jewish poet writing in German and English.

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Royal Hungarian Army

The Royal Hungarian Army (Magyar Királyi Honvédség, Königlich Ungarische Armee) was the name given to the land forces of the Kingdom of Hungary in the period from 1922 to 1945.

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Russians in Moldova

Russians in Moldova form the second largest ethnic minority in the country.

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Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)

The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 (lit, named for the year 1293 in the Islamic calendar; Руско-турска Освободителна война, Russian-Turkish Liberation war) was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Eastern Orthodox coalition led by the Russian Empire and composed of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro.

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Ruth Klüger-Aliav

Ruth Klüger Aliav (née Polishuk) (April 27, 1910 – February 16, 1980 was a Ukrainian-born Romanian and Israeli Jewish Zionist activist, assisting in the Aliya Beth before and after World War II.

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Sacha Nacht

Sacha Emanoel Nacht (23 September 1901 – 20 March 1977) was a Romanian-born French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst.

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Salonika Agreement

The Salonika Agreement (also called the Thessaloniki Accord) was a treaty signed on 31 July 1938 between Bulgaria on the one hand and the Balkan Entente—the states of Greece, Romania, Turkey and Yugoslavia—on the other.

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Sammy Lerner

Samuel Lerner (January 28, 1903 - December 13, 1989) was a Romanian-born songwriter for American and British musical theatre and film.

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Sammy Ofer

Sammy Ofer (born Shmuel Herskovich; 22 February 1922 – 3 June 2011) was an Israeli shipping magnate and philanthropist.

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Samuel Leibowitz

Samuel Simon Leibowitz (August 14, 1893 – January 11, 1978) was a Jewish Romanian-born American criminal defense attorney, famously noted for winning the vast majority of his cases, who later became a justice of the New York State Supreme Court.

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Sandu Tudor

Sandu Tudor (born Alexandru Al. Teodorescu, known in church records as Brother Agathon, later Daniil Teodorescu, Daniil Sandu Tudor, Daniil de la Rarău; December 22 or December 24, 1896 – November 17, 1962) was a Romanian poet, journalist, theologian and Orthodox monk.

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Satu Mare

Satu Mare (Szatmárnémeti; Sathmar; סאטמאר or סאַטמער) is a city with a population of 102,400 (2011) and the capital of Satu Mare County, Romania, as well as the center of the Satu Mare metropolitan area.

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Satu Mare County

Satu Mare County (Județul Satu Mare) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Hungary and Ukraine.

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Saul Steinberg

| name.

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Sámuel Jósika (politician)

Baron Sámuel (Samu) Jósika de Branyicska (23 August 1848 – 4 June 1923) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister besides the King between 1895 and 1898.

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Sándor Gál

Sándor Gál (1868 – 4 September 1937) was a Hungarian lawyer and politician, who served as Speaker of the House of Representatives between 1909 and 1910.

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Sándor Kányádi

Sándor Kányádi (10 May 1929 – 20 June 2018) was a Hungarian poet and translator from the region of Transylvania, Romania.

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Sándor Keresztes

Dr.

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Sălaj County

Sălaj (also known as Land of Silvania, silva, -ae means "forest") is a county (județ) of Romania, located in the north-west of the country, in the historical regions of Crișana and Transylvania.

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Sămănătorul

Sămănătorul or Semănătorul (Romanian for "The Sower") was a literary and political magazine published in Romania between 1901 and 1910.

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Sd.Kfz. 10

The Sd.Kfz.

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Sd.Kfz. 250

The Sd.Kfz.

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Sd.Kfz. 251

The Sd.Kfz.

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Sd.Kfz. 9

The Sd.Kfz.

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Seara (newspaper)

Seara (meaning "The Evening") was a daily newspaper published in Bucharest, Romania, before and during World War I. Owned by politician Grigore Gheorghe Cantacuzino and, through most of its existence, managed by the controversial Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești, it was an unofficial and unorthodox tribune for the Conservative Party.

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Second Army (Bulgaria)

The Bulgarian Second Army was a Bulgarian field army during the Balkan Wars, World War I, and World War II.

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Second Balkan War

The Second Balkan War was a conflict which broke out when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Serbia and Greece, on 16 (O.S.) / 29 (N.S.) June 1913.

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Second Battle of Cobadin

The Second Battle of Cobadin was a battle fought from 19 to 25 October 1916 between the Central Powers, chiefly the Bulgarian Third Army and the Entente, represented by the Russo - Romanian Army of the Dobrogea.

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Second Battle of Kharkov

The Second Battle of Kharkov or Operation Fredericus was an Axis counter-offensive in the region around Kharkov (now Kharkiv)Kharkov is the Russian language name of the city Kharkiv (Kharkiv the Ukrainian one); both Russian and Ukrainian were official languages in the Soviet Union (Source: & by Routledge) against the Red Army Izium bridgehead offensive conducted 12–28 May 1942, on the Eastern Front during World War II.

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Second Battle of Oituz

The Second Battle of Oituz was a confrontation between Romanian and, to a lesser extent, Russian forces on one side and German and Austro-Hungarian forces on the other, during the Romanian Campaign of World War I. The battle took place primarily in the Oituz valley in Bacău County, Romania, between August 8 and August 20, 1917.

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Second Battle of Târgu Frumos

The Second Battle of Târgu Frumos, part of the First Jassy-Kishinev Offensive, was a military engagement primarily between the Wehrmacht and Red Army forces in May 1944, near Iași, Romania.

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Second Italo-Ethiopian War

The Second Italo-Ethiopian War, also referred to as the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, was a colonial war from 3 October 1935 until 1939, despite the Italian claim to have defeated Ethiopia by 5 May 1936, the date of the capture of Addis Ababa.

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Second Polish Republic

The Second Polish Republic, commonly known as interwar Poland, refers to the country of Poland between the First and Second World Wars (1918–1939).

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Second Romanian Campaign of World War I

The Second Romanian Campaign of World War I was one of the shortest military operations of the war, taking place during the last two days of the war, 10 and 11 November 1918.

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Second Vienna Award

The Second Vienna Award was the second of two territorial disputes arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

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Self-coup

A self-coup (or autocoup, from the Spanish autogolpe) is a form of putsch or coup d'état in which a nation's leader, despite having come to power through legal means, dissolves or renders powerless the national legislature and unlawfully assumes extraordinary powers not granted under normal circumstances.

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Selim Sarper

Selim Rauf Sarper (June 14, 1899, Constantinople – October 11, 1968, Ankara) was a Turkish diplomat and politician.

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Semion Grossu

Semion Grossu (born March 18, 1934, Satul Nou) is a Moldovan politician and businessman.

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Septar Mehmet Yakub

Septar Mehmet Yakub (known in Romanian as Septar Mehmet Iacub) (1904-1991) was a Crimean Tatar lawyer, thinker, spiritual leader of Tatars and Turks in Dobruja, Mufti of the Muslim community in Romania.

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September 18

No description.

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September 1916

The following events occurred in September 1916.

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September 21

No description.

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September 7

No description.

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Sergey Kavtaradze

Sergey or Sergo Kavtaradze (Georgian: სერგო ქავთარაძე, Sergo Kavtaradze; Russian: Сергей Иванович Кавтарадзе, Sergey Ivanovich Kavtaradze; 15 August 1885 – 17 October 1971) was a Soviet politician and diplomat who briefly served as head of government in the Georgian SSR and as Deputy Prosecutor General of the Soviet Union.

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Sergiu Dan

Sergiu Dan (born Isidor Rotman or Rottman; December 29, 1903 – March 13, 1976) was a Romanian novelist, journalist, Holocaust survivor and political prisoner of the communist regime.

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Sergiu Nicolaescu

Sergiu Florin Nicolaescu (13 April 1930 – 3 January 2013) was a Romanian film director, actor and politician.

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Severin County

Severin was a county (Romanian: județ) in the Kingdom of Romania, in the historical region of the Banat.

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Sextil Pușcariu

Sextil Iosif Pușcariu (January 4, 1877–May 5, 1948) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian linguist and philologist.

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Sfatul Țării

Sfatul Țării (Country Council) was a council that united political, public, cultural, and professional organizations in the greater part of the territory of the Governorate of Bessarabia in the disintegrating Russian Empire, which proclaimed the Moldavian Democratic Republic as part of the Russian Federative Republic in December 1917, and then union with Romania in April (according to the old style, March) 1918.

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Sfântu Gheorghe

Sfântu Gheorghe (Sepsiszentgyörgy or Szentgyörgy; סנט דזשארדזש) is the capital city of Covasna County, Romania.

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Sibiu County

Sibiu County is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region Transylvania, with the capital city Sibiu.

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Siege of Budapest

The Siege of Budapest or Battle of Budapest was the 50-day-long encirclement by Soviet forces of the Hungarian capital of Budapest, near the end of World War II.

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Siege of Plevna

The Siege of Plevna, or Siege of Pleven, was a major battle of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, fought by the joint army of Russia and Romania against the Ottoman Empire.

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Siege of Sevastopol (1941–42)

The Siege of Sevastopol also known as the Defence of Sevastopol (Оборона Севастополя, transliteration: Oborona Sevastopolya) or the Battle of Sevastopol (German: Schlacht um Sewastopol) was a military battle that took place on the Eastern Front of the Second World War.

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Sighișoara

Sighișoara (Schäßburg,; Segesvár,; Castrum Sex) is a city on the Târnava Mare River in Mureș County, Romania.

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Siguranța

Siguranța was the generic name for the successive secret police services in the Kingdom of Romania.

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Silistra

Silistra (Силистра Dârstor) is a port city in northeastern Bulgaria.

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Simbolul

Simbolul (Romanian for "The Symbol") was a Romanian literary and art magazine, published in Bucharest between October and December 1912.

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Simeon G. Murafa

Simeon Gheorghevici Murafa Lucia Sava,, Editura Pontos, Chișinău, 2010, p.171-172.

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Simon Achikgyozyan

Simon Achikgyozyan (Սիմոն Աչիկգյոզյան, 6 February 1939 – 30 April 1991) was one of the earliest Armenian military commanders during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.

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Sinaia

Sinaia is a town and a mountain resort in Prahova County, Romania.

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Sinaia Monastery

The Sinaia Monastery, located in Sinaia, in Prahova County, Romania, was founded by Prince Mihail Cantacuzino in 1695 and named after the great Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai in Egypt.

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Skoda 305 mm Model 1911

The Škoda 30.5 cm Mörser M.11 was a siege howitzer produced by Škoda Works and used by the Austro-Hungarian Army during World War I and by Nazi Germany in World War II.

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Slovak Air Force (1939–45)

The Slovak Air Force (Slovenské vzdušné zbrane, or SVZ), between 1939 and 1945, was the air force of the short-lived World War II Slovak Republic.

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Slovak Republic (1939–1945)

The (First) Slovak Republic (Slovenská republika), otherwise known as the Slovak State (Slovenský štát), was a client state of Nazi Germany which existed between 14 March 1939 and 4 April 1945.

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Slovakia national football team results

This is a list of all Slovakia national football team results to the present day.

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Snake Island (Black Sea)

Snake Island (Greek Φιδονήσι Fidonísi), also known as Serpent Island (Insula Șerpilor, Зміїний, Змеиный), is an island located in the Black Sea, near the Danube Delta.

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Socialist Party of Transylvania

The Socialist Party of Transylvania was a political party in Romania, active primarily in Transylvania.

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Socola Monastery

Socola Monastery or Schimbarea la Față ("Transfiguration") was a Romanian Orthodox establishment located in the eponymous quarter of southern Iaşi, Romania.

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Sofía Ímber

Sofía Ímber (8 May 1924 – 20 February 2017) was a Romanian-born Venezuelan journalist and supporter of the arts.

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Solca

Solca (Solka; Solka; Szolka) is a town in Suceava County, north-eastern Romania.

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Someș County

Someș County is one of the historic counties of Transylvania, Romania.

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Sorel Etrog

Sorel Etrog, (August 29, 1933 – February 26, 2014) was a Romanian-born Canadian artist, writer, and philosopher best known for his work as a sculptor.

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Soroca County (Romania)

Soroca County was a county (Romanian: județ) in the Kingdom of Romania.

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Southern Dobruja

Southern Dobruja (Bulgarian: Южна Добруджа, Yuzhna Dobrudzha or simply Добруджа, Dobrudzha) is an area of north-eastern Bulgaria comprising the administrative districts named for its two principal cities of Dobrich and Silistra.

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Soviet annexation of Eastern Galicia, Volhynia and Northern Bukovina

On the basis of a secret clause of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, the Soviet Union invaded Poland on September 17, 1939, capturing the eastern provinces of the Second Polish Republic.

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Soviet invasion of Poland

The Soviet invasion of Poland was a Soviet Union military operation that started without a formal declaration of war on 17 September 1939.

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Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

The Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina was the military occupation, by the Soviet Red Army, during June 28 – July 4, 1940, of the Romanian regions of Northern Bukovina and Hertza, and of Bessarabia, a region under Romanian administration since Russian Civil War times.

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Soviet occupation of Romania

The Soviet occupation of Romania refers to the period from 1944 to August 1958, during which the Soviet Union maintained a significant military presence in Romania.

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Soviet westward offensive of 1918–19

The Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919 was part of the campaign by the proto-Soviet Union into areas abandoned by the Ober Ost garrisons that were being withdrawn to Germany following that country's defeat in World War I. The initially successful offensive against the Republic of Estonia ignited the Estonian War of Independence which ended with the Soviet recognition of Estonia.

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Spiru Haret

Spiru C. Haret (15 February 1851 – 17 December 1912) was a Romanian-Armenian mathematician, astronomer and politician.

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Spread of the Latin script

This article discusses the geographic spread of the Latin script throughout history, from its archaic beginnings in Latium to the dominant writing system on Earth in modernity.

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Stéphanie de Beauharnais

Stéphanie, Grand Duchess of Baden (Stéphanie Louise Adrienne de Beauharnais; August 28, 1789 – January 29, 1860) was the Grand Duchess consort of Baden by marriage to Karl, Grand Duke of Baden.

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Stefan Karadzha

Stefan Karadzha (Стефан Караджа; born Stefan Todorov Dimov, Стефан Тодоров Димов; 11 May 1840 – 31 July 1868), was a Bulgarian national hero, a revolutionary from the national liberation movement and a prominent leader of rebellion against the Ottoman Empire.

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Stelian Tănase

Stelian Tănase (born February 17, 1952) is a Romanian writer, journalist, political analyst, and talk show host.

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Stephan Roll

Stephan Roll (pen name of Gheorghe Dinu, also credited as Stéphane, Stefan or Ștefan Roll; June 5, 1904 – May 14, 1974) was a Romanian poet, editor, film critic, and communist militant.

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Stephen Bartlett Lakeman

Sir Stephen Bartlett Lakeman, also known as Mazar Paşa or Mozhar Pasha (1823 – 1900) was an English-born British and Ottoman adventurer, soldier, and administrator.

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Stephen III of Moldavia

Stephen III of Moldavia, known as Stephen the Great (Ștefan cel Mare;; died on 2 July 1504) was voivode (or prince) of Moldavia from 1457 to 1504.

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Stevan Aleksić

Stevan Aleksić (Стеван Алексић) (December 23, 1876 – November 2, 1923) was a Serbian painter born in Austria-Hungary.

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Stevan Moljević

Stevan Moljević (6 January 1888 – 15 November 1959) was a Serbian and Yugoslav politician, lawyer and publicist, president of the Yugoslav-French Club, president of the Yugoslav-British Club, president of Rotary International Club of Yugoslavia and member of the Central National Committee of Yugoslavia in World War II.

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Steyr M1912

The Steyr M1912, also known as the Steyr-Hahn, is a semi-automatic pistol developed in 1911 by the Austrian firm Steyr Mannlicher, based on the mechanism of the Roth–Steyr M1907.

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Storojineț County

Storojineț was a county (județ) of Romania, in Bukovina, with the capital city at Storojineț.

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Straja Țării

Straja Țării (Romanian - roughly, The Sentinel of the Motherland; also known as Străjeria - translatable as The Sentinel) was a youth organization in the Kingdom of Romania, created in 1935 by King Carol II to counter the growing influence the Iron Guard had over the youth of Romania.

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Sturmgeschütz III

The Sturmgeschütz III (StuG III) assault gun was Germany's second most-produced armoured fighting vehicle during World War II after the Sd.Kfz. 251 half-track.

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Submarine warfare in the Black Sea campaigns (1943)

Submarine warfare in the Black Sea in World War II during 1943 involved engagements between submarines of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet attacking Axis merchantmen defended by Romanian and German naval warships, as well as and German U-boats attacking Soviet merchants on the eastern Black Sea.

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Submarine warfare in the Black Sea campaigns (1944)

Submarine warfare in the Black Sea in World War II during 1944 involved engagements between submarines of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet attacking Axis merchantmen, defended by Romanian and German naval warships, as well as German U-boats and Romanian submarines attacking Soviet merchants on the eastern Black Sea.

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Suceava

Suceava is the largest city and the seat of Suceava County, situated in the historical region of Bukovina from Central EuropeKlaus Peter Berger,, Kluwer Law International, 2010, p. 132 and north-eastern Romania respectively.

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Suceava County

Suceava is a county (județ) of Romania.

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Suceava North railway station

Suceava North railway station (Gara Suceava Nord), also known as Iţcani, is a railway station located in Suceava, Romania, completed in 1871.

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Symbolist movement in Romania

The Symbolist movement in Romania, active during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, marked the development of Romanian culture in both literature and visual arts.

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Székely Land

The Székely Land or Szeklerland (Székelyföld,; Ținutul Secuiesc (also Secuimea); Szeklerland; Terra Siculorum)James Minahan,, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, p. 1810 is a historic and ethnographic area in Romania, inhabited mainly by Hungarians.

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T-1 tractor

The T-1 tractor (also known as DT-1, Direcția Tehnică 1) was a project developed by the Romanian Army during World War II.

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T-26

The T-26 tank was a Soviet light infantry tank used during many conflicts of the 1930s and in World War II.

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T-28

The T-28 was a Soviet multi-turreted medium tank.

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Take Ionescu

Take or Tache Ionescu (born Dumitru Ghiță Ioan and also known as Demetriu G. Ionnescu; – June 21, 1922) was a Romanian centrist politician, journalist, lawyer and diplomat, who also enjoyed reputation as a short story author.

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Tamara Tchinarova

Tamara Tchinarova Finch (also tr. Chinarova; born Tamara Rekemchuk, July 18, 1919 – August 31, 2017), was a ballet dancer of Armenian, Georgian and Ukrainian descent.

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Tanks in the German Army

This article on military tanks deals with the history of tanks serving in the German Army from World War I, the interwar period, and the Panzers of the German Wehrmacht during World War II, the Cold War and modern times.

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Tanks of Czechoslovakia

This article deals with the history of tanks employed by military forces in Czechoslovakia from the interwar period, and the more conventional tanks designed for the Czech Army before World War II, and the tanks that ended up as Panzers of the German Wehrmacht during World War II, or in the use of other countries who purchased them before the war began.

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Tanks of the interwar period

This article discusses tanks of the interwar period.

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Tatarbunary

Tatarbunary is a small town in the Odessa Oblast (province) of south-western Ukraine.

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Tatarbunary Raion

Tatarbunary Raion (Татарбунарський район) is a raion (district) in Odessa Oblast of Ukraine.

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Tatarbunary uprising

The Tatarbunary uprising (Răscoala de la Tatarbunar) was a Bolshevik-inspired peasant revolt that took place on 15–18 September 1924, in and around the town of Tatarbunary (Tatar-Bunar or Tatarbunar) in Budjak (Bessarabia), then part of Romania, now part of Odessa Oblast, Ukraine.

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Tatra 92

Tatra 92 was an army off-road truck model made by Czech manufacturer Tatra between 1937 and 1941.

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Târnava-Mare County

Târnava-Mare County is one of the historical counties of the Kingdom of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania.

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Târnava-Mică County

Târnava-Mică County was a county (Romanian: județ) in the Kingdom of Romania, the successor to Kis-Küküllő County of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

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Târnăveni

Târnăveni (Hungarian: Dicsőszentmárton,; German: Sankt Martin, earlier Marteskirch) is a city in Mureș County, central Romania.

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Tămădău Affair

The Tămădău Affair (Afacerea Tămădău, Înscenarea de la Tămădău - "the Tămădău frameup" - or Fuga de la Tămădău - "the Tămădău flight") was an incident that took place in Romania in the summer of 1947, the source of a political scandal and show trial.

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Tecuci

Tecuci is a city in Galați County, Romania, in the historical region of Western Moldavia.

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Tecuci County

Tecuci was a county (Romanian: județ) in the Kingdom of Romania, in the historical region Moldavia.

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Teleorman County

Teleorman is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in the historical region Muntenia, with its capital city at Alexandria.

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Teofil Sidorovici

General Teofil Gh.

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Teohari Georgescu

Teohari Georgescu (January 31, 1908 – December 31, 1976) was a high-ranking member of the Romanian Communist Party.

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Territorial evolution of Germany

The territorial changes of Germany include all changes in the borders and territory of Germany from its formation in 1871 to the present.

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The Fall of Berlin (film)

The Fall of Berlin (Падение Берлина; translit. Padeniye Berlina) is a 1950 Soviet war film and an example of Soviet realism, in two parts separated in the manner of a serial, directed by Mikheil Chiaureli, released by the Mosfilm Studio.

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The Great War (TV series)

The Great War is a 26-episode documentary series from 1964 on the First World War.

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The Russian Campaign

The Russian Campaign is an award winning strategic board wargame set in the Eastern Front during World War II, during the period 1941-45.

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The War That Came Early

The War That Came Early is a six-volume alternate history series by Harry Turtledove, in which World War II begins in 1938 over Czechoslovakia.

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Theodor Rosetti

Theodor Rosetti (5 May 1837, Iași or Solești, Moldavia – 17 July 1923, Bucharest, Romania) was a Romanian writer, journalist and politician who served as Prime Minister of Romania between 23 March 1888 and 22 March 1889.

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Theodor Stolojan

Theodor Dumitru Stolojan (born 24 October 1943) is a Romanian politician who was Prime Minister of Romania from September 1991 to November 1992.

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Theodor V. Ionescu

Theodor V. Ionescu (February 8, 1899 – November 7, 1988) was a Romanian physicist and inventor who made remarkable discoveries in plasma physics, ionosphere physics, ion coupling electrons in dense plasmas, masers, magnetron amplifiers, and Zeeman effects related to controlled nuclear fusion and quantum emission mechanisms in hot plasmas.

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Third Army (Bulgaria)

The Bulgarian Third Army was a Bulgarian field army during the Balkan Wars, World War I, and World War II.

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Tighina County

Tighina County was between 1925 and 1938 a county (Romanian: județ) in the Kingdom of Romania, and, between 1998 and 2003, a major subdivision (''Județ'') of Moldova with its capital at Căușeni.

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Timeline of Albanian history

This is a timeline of Albanian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Albania and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of Albanian history to 1993

Chronology of Important Events of Albania.

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Timeline of historical geopolitical changes

This is a timeline of country and capital changes around the world.

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Timeline of Iași

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Iași, Romania.

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Timeline of Romanian history

This is a timeline of Romanian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Romania and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of Russian history

This is a timeline of Russian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Russia and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of Serbian history

This is a timeline of Serbian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Serbia and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of sovereign states in Europe

This timeline lists sovereign states in Europe, both current and defunct, since the 11th century.

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Timeline of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

The timeline of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact is a chronology of events, including Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact negotiations, leading up to, culminating in, and resulting from the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.

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Timeline of the Ottoman Empire

This article provides a timeline of the Ottoman Empire See also Timeline of the Republic of Turkey, a chronology of the successor state to the Ottoman Empire.

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Timeline of Turkish history

See History of Turkey.

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Timiș-Torontal County

Timiș-Torontal was a county (județ) in the Kingdom of Romania.

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Timișoara

Timișoara (Temeswar, also formerly Temeschburg or Temeschwar; Temesvár,; טעמשוואר; Темишвар / Temišvar; Banat Bulgarian: Timišvár; Temeşvar; Temešvár) is the capital city of Timiș County, and the main social, economic and cultural centre in western Romania.

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Tissa David

Thérèse "Tissa" David (January 5, 1921 – August 21, 2012) was a Romanian-born American animator of Hungarian ethnicity, whose career spanned more than sixty years.

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Torpedo gunboat

In late 19th-century naval terminology, torpedo gunboats were a form of gunboat armed with torpedoes and designed for hunting and destroying smaller torpedo boats.

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Traian Brăileanu

Traian Brăileanu or BrăileanAndrei Corbea-Hoișie, "'Wie die Juden Gewalt schreien': Aurel Onciul und die antisemitische Wende in der Bukowiner Öffentlichkeit nach 1907", in East Central Europe, Vol.

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Traian Demetrescu

Traian Rafael Radu Demetrescu (also known under his pen name Tradem or, occasionally, as Traian Demetrescu-Tradem; December 5, 1866 – April 17, 1896) was a Romanian poet, novelist and literary critic, considered one of the first symbolist authors in local literature.

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Traian Ivănescu

Traian Ivănescu (born 5 May 1933) is a Romanian former footballer who played at both professional and international levels as a defender.

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Traian Lalescu

Traian Lalescu (12 July 1882 – 15 June 1929) was a Romanian mathematician.

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Traian Moșoiu

Traian Moşoiu (July 2, 1868 – August 15, 1932) was a Romanian General during World War I, Minister of War in the Alexandru Vaida-Voevod cabinet (December 1919 – March 1920), Minister of Communications and of Industry and Commerce in the Ion I. C. Brătianu cabinet (January 1922 – March 1926).

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Transnistria

Transnistria, the self-proclaimed Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR; Приднестровская Молдавская Республика, ПМР; Republica Moldovenească Nistreană, RMN; Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ; Придністровська Молдавська Республіка), and also called Transdniester, Trans-Dniestr, Transdniestria, or Pridnestrovie, is a non-recognized state which controls part of the geographical region Transnistria (the area between the Dniester river and Ukraine) and also the city of Bender and its surrounding localities on the west bank.

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Transnistria (geographical region)

Transnistria (Romanian) - region in the east Europe, a narrow strip of territory to the east of the River Dniester.

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Transylvania

Transylvania is a historical region in today's central Romania.

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Transylvanian Saxons

The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbürger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Såksen; Sași ardeleni, sași transilvăneni; Erdélyi szászok) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (Siebenbürgen) from the mid 12th century until the late Modern Age (specifically mid 19th century).

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Trăiască Regele

"Trăiască Regele" (Long live the King) was the national anthem of the Principality of Romania and later Kingdom of Romania between 1866 and 1947.

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Treaty of Berlin (1878)

The Treaty of Berlin (formally the Treaty between Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire for the Settlement of Affairs in the East) was signed on July 13, 1878.

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Treaty of Bucharest (1886)

The Treaty of Bucharest was signed by Serbia and Bulgaria on in Bucharest (capital of Romania), marking the end of the Serbo-Bulgarian War.

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Treaty of Bucharest (1913)

The Treaty of Bucharest (Tratatul de la Bucureşti; Bukureštanski mir/ Букурештански мир; Договорът от Букурещ; Συνθήκη του Βουκουρεστίου) was concluded on 10 August 1913, by the delegates of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro and Greece.

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Treaty of Bucharest (1916)

The Treaty of Bucharest of 1916 was signed between Romania and the Entente Powers on 4 (Old Style)/17 (New Style) August 1916 in Bucharest.

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Treaty of Bucharest (1918)

The Treaty of Bucharest was a peace treaty between Romania on one side and the Central Powers on the other, following the stalemate reached after the campaign of 1916–17 and Romania's isolation after Russia's unilateral exit from World War I (see Treaty of Brest-Litovsk).

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Treaty of Craiova

The Treaty of Craiova was signed on 7 September 1940 between the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Romania.

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Treaty of Lausanne

The Treaty of Lausanne (Traité de Lausanne) was a peace treaty signed in the Palais de Rumine, Lausanne, Switzerland, on 24 July 1923.

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Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine

The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine required Bulgaria to cede various territories, after Bulgaria had been one of the Central Powers defeated in World War I. The treaty was signed on 27 November 1919 at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.

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Treaty of Paris (1920)

The 1920 Treaty of Paris was an act signed by Romania and the principal Allied Powers of the time (France, United Kingdom, Italy and Japan) whose purpose was the recognition of Romanian sovereignty over Bessarabia.

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Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)

The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the Republic of German-Austria on the other.

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Treaty of Sèvres

The Treaty of Sèvres (Traité de Sèvres) was one of a series of treaties that the Central Powers signed after their defeat in World War I. Hostilities had already ended with the Armistice of Mudros.

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Treaty of Trianon

The Treaty of Trianon was the peace agreement of 1920 that formally ended World War I between most of the Allies of World War I and the Kingdom of Hungary, the latter being one of the successor states to Austria-Hungary.

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Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles (Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end.

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Trei Scaune County

Trei Scaune County is one of the historical counties of the Kingdom of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania.

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Treznea massacre

The Treznea massacre occurred in the village of Treznea (Ördögkút) in north-western Transylvania on 9 September 1940, during the handing over of Northern Transylvania from Romania to Hungary after the Second Vienna Award.

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Tripartite Pact

The Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germany, Italy and Japan signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 by, respectively, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Galeazzo Ciano and Saburō Kurusu.

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Tristan Tzara

Tristan Tzara (born Samuel or Samy Rosenstock, also known as S. Samyro; – 25 December 1963) was a Romanian and French avant-garde poet, essayist and performance artist.

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Tulcea County

Tulcea is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region Dobruja, with the capital city at Tulcea.

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Turda County

Turda County was a county (Romanian: județ) in the Kingdom of Romania, as successor to Torda-Aranyos County in Austria-Hungary.

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Tutova County

Tutova County is one of the historic counties of Moldavia, Romania with the city of Bârlad as capital.

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Udriște Năsturel

Udriște Năsturel, first name also Uriil, Uril, Ioriste, or Oreste, last name also Năsturelovici (1596 or 1598 – ca. 1658), was a Wallachian scholar, poet, and statesman, the brother-in-law of Prince Matei Basarab through his sister Elena Năsturel.

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Ukraine after the Russian Revolution

Ukrainian territory was fought over by various factions after the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the First World War, which added the collapse of Austria-Hungary to that of the Russian Empire.

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Ukraine during World War I

Upon the outbreak of World War I, the name ''Ukraine'' was used only geographically, as the term did not exist nationally.

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Ukrainian Canadians

Ukrainian Canadians (translit) are Canadian citizens of Ukrainian descent or Ukrainian-born people who immigrated to Canada.

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Ukrainian National Party

The Ukrainian National Party (Українська Національна Партія, Ukrainska Natsionalna Partiia, UNP; Partidul Național Ucrainean, PNU) was a right-wing agrarian group, representing the Ukrainian minority in Romania.

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Ukrainian People's Republic

The Ukrainian People's Republic, or Ukrainian National Republic (abbreviated to УНР), was a predecessor of modern Ukraine declared on 10 June 1917 following the Russian Revolution.

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Ukrainian State

The Ukrainian State (Українська держава, Ukrajinśka Deržava), sometimes also called the Hetmanate (Гетьманат, Hetmanat), was an anti-socialist government that existed on most of the modern territory of Ukraine (except for West Ukraine) from April 29 to December 14, 1918.

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Ukrainian War of Independence

The Ukrainian War of Independence was a period of sustained warlike conflict lasting from 1917 to 1921, which resulted in the establishment and development of a Ukrainian republic, later a part of the Soviet Union as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

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Union of Bessarabia with Romania

On, the Sfatul Țării, or National Council, of Bessarabia proclaimed union with the Kingdom of Romania.

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Union of Transylvania with Romania

The Union of Transylvania with Romania was declared on by the assembly of the delegates of ethnic Romanians held in Alba Iulia.

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Unitárius Hírnök

Unitárius Hírnök was a magazine for Hungarian Unitarians living in Romania.

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United Principalities

The United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia was the official name of the personal union which later became Romania, adopted in 1859 when Alexandru Ioan Cuza was elected as the Domnitor (Ruling Prince) of both territories, which were still vassals of the Ottoman Empire.

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University of Chernivtsi

Chernivtsi National University (full name Yurii Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Чернівецький національний університет імені Юрія Федьковича) is a public university in the City of Chernivtsi in Western Ukraine.

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University of Craiova

The University of Craiova (Universitatea din Craiova) is a public university located in Craiova, Romania.

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Ursari

The Ursari (generally read as "bear leaders" or "bear handlers"; from the Romanian urs, meaning "bear"; singular: ursar; Bulgarian: урсари, ursari) or Richinara are the traditionally nomadic occupational group of animal trainers among the Romani people.

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USS Noma (SP-131)

USS Noma (SP-131) was the private steam yacht Noma, built in 1902 on Staten Island and loaned to the U.S. Navy during World War I as a patrol craft assigned to protect shipping from German submarines.

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V. A. Urechia

V.

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Valentin Poénaru

Valentin Alexandre Poénaru (born 1932 in Bucharest) is a Romanian–French mathematician.

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Valeriu Cotea

Valeriu D. Cotea (May 11, 1926–April 21, 2016) was a Romanian oenologist.

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Valeriu Lazarov

Valeriu Lazarov or Valerio Lazarov (born December 20, 1935, Bârlad, Romania – died August 11, 2009, Madrid, Spain) was a Romanian-born television producer and director of Spanish Channel, Telecinco between 1985–1994.

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Vasile Alecsandri

Vasile Alecsandri (July 21, 1821August 22, 1890) was a Moldavian poet, playwright, politician, and diplomat.

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Vasile Hossu (bishop of Oradea)

Vasile Hossu (17 May 1919 – 18 June 1997) was a Romanian Greek Catholic hierarch.

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Vasile Luca

Vasile Luca (born László Luka; 8 June 1898 – 23 July 1963) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian and Soviet communist politician, a leading member of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) from 1945 and until his imprisonment in the 1950s.

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Vasile Lucaciu

Vasile Lucaciu (January 21, 1852 in Apa, Szatmár – November 29, 1922 in Satu Mare) was a Romanian Greek-Catholic priest and an advocate of equal rights with the Hungarians in Transylvania.

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Vasile Pogor

Vasile V. Pogor (Francized Basile Pogor; August 20, 1833 – March 20, 1906) was a Moldavian, later Romanian poet, philosopher, translator and liberal conservative politician, one of the founders of Junimea literary society.

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Vasile Stroescu

Vasile Vasilievici Stroescu (Василий Васильевич Строеско, Vasily Vasilyevich Stroesko; November 11, 1845 – April 13, 1926), also known as Vasile de Stroesco,"Vasile de Stroesco" and ""Scrisoarea dlui V. de Stroesco, in Unirea, Nr.

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Vasile Suciu

Vasile Suciu (13 January 1873, Kiskopács, Fogaras County – 25 January 1935, Blaj) was a Romanian Greek-Catholic Metropolitan bishop of the Archdiocese of Făgăraş and Alba Iulia, considered to be the most important theologian of the Greek-Catholic Church in Transylvania.

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Vasily Lanovoy

Vasily Semyonovich Lanovoy (Василий Семенович Лановой; born 16 January 1934) is a popular Soviet and Russian actor who works in the Vakhtangov Theatre, Moscow.

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Vasloi (Hasidic dynasty)

Vasloi was a Hasidic dynasty centered in Vaslui, Romania, and founded by Rabbi Shalom Halpern, a grandson of Rabbi Yisroel Friedman of Ruzhyn in the Russian Empire.

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Vaslui County

Vaslui is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region Moldavia, with the seat at Vaslui.

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Vâlcea County

Vâlcea (also spelt Vîlcea) is a county (județ) of Romania.

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Vickers Model 1931

The Vickers Model 1931 was a British anti-aircraft gun used during the Second World War.

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Victor Babeș

Victor Babeș (28 July 1854 in Vienna – 19 October 1926 in Bucharest) was a Romanian physician, bacteriologist, academician and professor.

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Victor Brauner

Victor Brauner (also spelled Viktor Brauner; 15 June 1903 – 12 March 1966) was a French Romanian sculptor and painter of surrealistic images.

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Victor Fyodorov

Lieutenant Viktor Georgiyevich Fyodorov (11 November 1885 - 4 March 1922) was a Russian World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories while flying with the French military air service.

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Victor Gomoiu

Victor Gomoiu (April 18, 1882 – February 6, 1960) was a Romanian surgeon, anatomist, folklorist and medical historian, who served as Minister of Health and Social Protection in 1940.

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Victor Săhleanu

Victor Aurelian Săhleanu (January 19, 1924 – August 26, 1997) was a Romanian physician and anthropologist.

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Victory Medal (Romania)

The Victory Medal is a Romanian First World War campaign medal established on 20 July 1921 by Royal Decree.

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Vienna Award

The Vienna Award (also called the Vienna Arbitration or Vienna Diktat) is either of two arbitral decisions made by Germany and Italy rewarding disputed territory to Hungary.

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Vifor-class destroyer

The Vifor class was a group of four destroyers ordered by Romania in 1913 and built in Italy during the First World War.

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Vinnytsia massacre

The Vinnytsia massacre was a mass execution of between 9,000 and 11,000 people in the Ukrainian town of Vinnytsia by the Soviet secret police NKVD during the Great Purge or Yezhovshchina in 1937–1938.

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Vinnytsia Oblast

Vinnytsia Oblast (Вінницька область, translit. Vinnyts’ka oblast’; also referred to as Vinnychchyna - Вінниччина) is an oblast of Ukraine.

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Visarion Puiu

Visarion Puiu (born Victor Puiu on 27 February 1879 in Paşcani, Romania – 10 August 1964 in Viels-Maisons, France) was a metropolitan bishop of the Romanian Orthodox Church and convicted war criminal.

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Vjekoslav Luburić

Vjekoslav Luburić (6 March 1914 – 20 April 1969) was a Bosnian Croat member of the fascist Ustaše movement who headed the system of concentration camps in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) during much of World War II.

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Vladimir Cukavac

Vladimir Cukavac (Serbian Cyrillic: Владимир Цукавац; 29 May 1884 – 7 April 1965) was an armijski đeneral in the Royal Yugoslav Army who commanded the 5th Army during the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia of April 1941 during World War II.

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Vladimir Hertza

Vladimir Hertza (May 14, 1868, Chișinău - August 3, 1924, Chișinău) was a Moldovan politician, mayor of Chișinău between 1918-1919.

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Vladimir Katriuk

Vladimir Katriuk (1 October 1921 – 22 May 2015) was a Canadian man of Ukrainian ancestry, born in the village of Luzhany, near the city of Chernivtsi.

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Vladimir Strzhizhevsky

Captain Vladimir Ivanovich Strzhizhevsky (26 December 1894 – 22 August 1940) was a World War I flying ace.

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Vladimir Tismăneanu

Vladimir Tismăneanu (born July 4, 1951) is a Romanian and American political scientist, political analyst, sociologist, and professor at the University of Maryland, College Park.

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Vladimir Tsyganko

Vladimir Vladimirovich Tsyganko (Владимир Владимирович Цыганко; Vladimir Vladimirovici Țîganco; also Țâganco, Tziganco, Tziganko or Țiganco; 1886/1887 – January 26, 1938), National Library of RussiaBasciani, p. 128 was a Bessarabian, and later Soviet, politician.

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Vlașca County

Vlașca County is a former first-order administrative division of the Kingdom of Romania, in southern Muntenia, located between Bucharest and the Danube, which is now mostly the county of Giurgiu.

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Volksdeutsche

In Nazi German terminology, Volksdeutsche were "Germans in regard to people or race" (Ethnic Germans), regardless of citizenship.

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Volodymyr Kubiyovych

Volodymyr Mykhailovych Kubiyovych, also spelled Kubiiovych or Kubijovyč (Володи́мир Миха́йлович Кубійо́вич; 23 September 1900, Nowy Sącz, Austrian Galicia – 2 November 1985, Paris, France) was a Ukrainian geographer with a specialty in demography, a cartographer, an encyclopedist, politician, and statesman.

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Vz. 24

The vz.

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Waffen-SS

The Waffen-SS (Armed SS) was the armed wing of the Nazi Party's SS organisation.

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Wallachia

Wallachia or Walachia (Țara Românească; archaic: Țeara Rumânească, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: Цѣра Рȣмѫнѣскъ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania.

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Wallachian uprising of 1821

The uprising of 1821 was a social and political rebellion in Wallachia, which was at the time a tributary state of the Ottoman Empire.

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Walther Hess

Walther Hess (12 March 1900 – 26 August 1986) was a German diplomat who served as the first Ambassador to Australia.

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Wang Jingwei regime

The Wang Jingwei regime is the common name of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (p), a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, located in eastern China.

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War of aggression

A war of aggression, sometimes also war of conquest, is a military conflict waged without the justification of self-defense, usually for territorial gain and subjugation.

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Welfare in Romania

Social welfare (ajutor social in Romanian) in Romania is coordinated by the Romanian Ministry of Labor, Family and Social Protection.

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West Ukrainian People's Republic

The West Ukrainian People's Republic (Західноукраїнська Народна Республіка., Zakhidnoukrayins’ka Narodna Respublika, ZUNR) was a short-lived republic that existed in late 1918 and early 1919 in eastern Galicia.

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Western Ukraine

Western Ukraine or West Ukraine (Західна Україна) is a geographical and historical relative term used in reference to the western territories of Ukraine.

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White Terror (Hungary)

The White Terror in Hungary was a two-year period (1919–1921) of repressive violence by counter-revolutionary soldiers, carried out to crush any opposition supportive of Hungary’s short-lived Communist republic.

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Wilhelm Groener

Karl Eduard Wilhelm Groener (22 November 1867 – 3 May 1939) was a German soldier and politician.

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William, Prince of Albania

Prince William of Wied, Prince of Albania German: Wilhelm Friedrich Heinrich, Albanian: Princ Vidi or Princ Vilhelm Vidi, 26 March 1876 – 18 April 1945), reigned briefly as sovereign of the Principality of Albania as Vidi I from 7 March 1914 to 3 September 1914, when he left for exile. His reign officially came to an end on 31 January 1925, when the country was declared an Albanian Republic. Outside the country and in diplomatic correspondence, he was styled "sovereign prince", but in Albania, he was referred to as mbret, or king. He was also styled Skanderbeg II, in homage to Skanderbeg, the national hero.

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Women's suffrage

Women's suffrage (colloquial: female suffrage, woman suffrage or women's right to vote) --> is the right of women to vote in elections; a person who advocates the extension of suffrage, particularly to women, is called a suffragist.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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World War I prisoners of war in Germany

The situation of World War I prisoners of war in Germany is an aspect of the conflict little covered by historical research.

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World War I reparations

World War I reparations were compensation imposed during the Paris Peace Conference upon the Central Powers following their defeat in the First World War by the Allied and Associate Powers.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Yakiv Hordiyenko

Yakiv Yakovych Hordiyenko, also Yakov Yakovlevich Gordienko (alternatively Romanised as Gordi'yenko; Яков Яковлевич Гордиенко; April 26, 1925 – August, 1942) was a Soviet partisan from Ukraine.

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Yellow badge

Yellow badges (or yellow patches), also referred to as Jewish badges (Judenstern, lit. Jewry star), are badges that Jews and Christians were ordered to sew on their outer garments to mark them as Jews and Christians in public at certain times in certain countries, serving as a badge of shame.

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Yugoslav coup d'état

The Yugoslav coup d'état of 27 March 1941 in Belgrade, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, replaced the regency led by Prince Paul and installed King Peter II.

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Yugoslav destroyer Dubrovnik

Dubrovnik was a flotilla leader built for the Royal Yugoslav Navy by Yarrow Shipbuilders in Glasgow in 1930 and 1931.

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Yugoslav government-in-exile

The Government of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in Exile (Владе Краљевине Југославије у егзилу; Vlada Kraljevine Jugoslavije u egzilu) was an official government of Yugoslavia, headed by King Peter II.

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Yugoslav monitor Drava

The Yugoslav monitor Drava was a river monitor operated by the Royal Yugoslav Navy between 1921 and 1941.

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Yugoslav monitor Sava

The Yugoslav monitor Sava was a ''Temes''-class river monitor built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy as SMS Bodrog.

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Yugoslav monitor Vardar

The Yugoslav monitor Vardar was a ''Sava''-class river monitor built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy as SMS Bosna, but was renamed SMS Temes (II) before she went into service.

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Yugoslav order of battle prior to the invasion of Yugoslavia

The Yugoslav order of battle prior to the invasion of Yugoslavia includes a listing (or order of battle) of all operational formations of the Royal Yugoslav Army (Vojska Kraljevine Jugoslavije, VKJ), Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force (Vazduhoplovstvo Vojske Kraljevine Jugoslavije, VVKJ) and Royal Yugoslav Navy (Kraljevska Jugoslovenska Ratna Mornarica, KJRM) immediately prior to the World War II invasion of that country in April 1941.

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Yuli Ofer

Judah "Yuli" Ofer (1924 – 11 September 2011) was an Israeli businessman in real estate and industry, and one of the wealthiest people in Israel.

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Yulia Sister

Yulia Sister (יוליה סיסטר, Юлия Давидовна Систер; born September 12, 1936 in Chişinău, Bessarabia, Romania) is a Soviet Moldavian and Israeli chemist-analyst engaged in chemical research with the use of polarography and chromatography, a science historian, and a researcher of Russian Jewry in Israel, France and other countries.

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Zamfir Arbore

Zamfir Constantin Arbore (born Zamfir Ralli, Земфирий Константинович Арборе-Ралли, Zemfiriyi Konstantinovich Arborye-Ralli; also known as Zamfir Arbure, Zamfir Rally, Zemphiri Ralli and Aivaza;Felea (1971), p.9 November 14, 1848 – April 2 or April 3, 1933) was a Bukovinan-born Romanian political activist originally active in the Russian Empire, also known for his work as an amateur historian, geographer and ethnographer.

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ZB-53

The ZB-53 was a Czechoslovak machine gun.

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Zeev Aram

Zeev Aram, OBE (born 5 October 1931) is a British furniture and interior designer.

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Zgurița

Zgurița (Romanian; Yiddish: זגוריצה, Russian: Згурица), pronunciation Zguritsa, is a village in Drochia District, in the north of Moldova.

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Zigu Ornea

Zigu Ornea (born Zigu Orenstein Andrei Vasilescu,, in, Vol. II, Nr. 1, January–June 2008, p.85 or OrnsteinGeorge Ardeleanu,, in Observator Cultural, Nr. 363, March 2007 and commonly known as Z. Ornea; August 28, 1930 – November 14, 2001) was a Romanian cultural historian, literary critic, biographer and book publisher.

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Zimbrul și Vulturul

Zimbrul şi Vulturul ("The Wisent and the Eagle") was a 19th-century Romanian newspaper, published in the city of Iași (Iassy), capital of the Principality of Moldavia, and having readership in other parts of what was to become the Kingdom of Romania.

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Zog I of Albania

Zog I, King of the Albanians (Nalt Madhnija e Tij Zogu I, Mbreti i Shqiptareve,; 8 October 18959 April 1961), born Ahmet Muhtar Zogolli, taking the surname Zogu in 1922, was the leader of Albania from 1922 to 1939.

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Zoltán Szabó (Minister of Defence)

Zoltán Szabó de Kisjolsva (18 July 1858 – 3 November 1934) was a Hungarian politician and military officer, who served as Minister of Defence in the counter-revolutionary government against the Hungarian Soviet Republic.

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1 Decembrie

1 Decembrie is a commune in the south of Ilfov County, Romania, composed of a single village, 1 Decembrie.

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10.5 cm Feldhaubitze 98/09

The 10.5 cm Feldhaubitze 98/09 (10.5 cm FH 98/09), a short barreled (1625 mm) 105mm howitzer, also referred to as the 10.5 cm leichte Feldhaubitze (light field howitzer) 98/09, was used by the German Empire as well as the Ottoman Empire in World War I and after.

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10.5 cm Feldhaubitze M.12

The Obuzierul Krupp, caliber 105 mm, model 1912 was a Romanian upgrade of the German 10.5 cm Feldhaubitze 98/09 howitzer used extensively during World War I. After two years of planning and experimentation by Romanian officers, the final design was approved and the required modifications were performed at Arsenalul Armatei in Bucharest.

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1881

No description.

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1900s (decade)

The 1900s (pronounced "nineteen-hundreds") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1900, and ended on December 31, 1909.

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1907 in literature

This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1907.

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1907 Romanian Peasants' revolt

The 1907 Romanian Peasants' revolt took place between 21 February and 5 April 1907.

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1916

Below, the events of the First World War have the "WWI" prefix.

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1918

This year is famous for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the flu pandemic, that killed 50-100 million people worldwide.

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1919

No description.

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1920 Romanian general strike

The 1920 Romanian general strike was a major nationwide strike in the Kingdom of Romania, lasting between October 20 and 28 and involved the participation of most of the over 400,000 industrial workers from across the country.

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1932 Balkan Cup

The 1932 Balkan Cup was the second Balkan Cup football tournament.

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1933 Balkan Cup

The 1933 Balkan Cup was the fourth Balkan Cup football tournament.

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1934

No description.

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1934–35 Balkan Cup

The 1934–35 Balkan Cup was the fifth Balkan Cup football tournament.

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1935 Balkan Cup

The 1935 Balkan Cup was the sixth Balkan Cup football tournament.

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1936 Balkan Cup

The 1936 Balkan Cup was the seventh Balkan Cup football tournament.

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1940

Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.

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1941

Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" acronym.

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1st Army (Austria-Hungary)

The 1st Army (k.u.k. 1.) was a field army-level command in the ground forces of Austria-Hungary during World War I. The army fought in Galicia and Russian Poland in 1914–15 before being briefly dissolved in the summer of 1916.

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2015–16 protests in Moldova

In the spring of 2015, Moldova faced large-scale protests amid a worsening economic situation and corruption scandals.

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2018 in Moldova

No description.

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20th century

The 20th century was a century that began on January 1, 1901 and ended on December 31, 2000.

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250t-class torpedo boat

The 250t class were high-seas torpedo boats built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy between 1913 and 1916.

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3,7cm ÚV vz. 38

The ÚV vz.

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3.7 cm Flak 18/36/37/43

The 3.7 cm Flak 18/36/37/43 was a series of anti-aircraft cannon produced by Nazi Germany that saw widespread service in the Second World War.

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3rd Army Group (Kingdom of Yugoslavia)

The 3rd Army Group was a Royal Yugoslav Army formation which commanded the 3rd Army and 5th Army during the German-led Axis invasion of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in April 1941 during World War II.

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4,7cm KPÚV vz. 38

The 4,7 cm KPÚV vz.

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5 October 1910 revolution

The 5 October 1910 revolution was the overthrow of the centuries-old Portuguese Monarchy and its replacement by the Portuguese Republic.

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5th Army (Kingdom of Yugoslavia)

The 5th Army was a Royal Yugoslav Army formation which commanded five divisions and two independent detachments during the German-led Axis invasion of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in April 1941 during World War II.

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75 mm Reșița Model 1943

The 75 mm Reșița Model 1943 was an anti-tank gun produced by Romania during World War II.

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7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen

The 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division "Prinz Eugen" (7. SS-Freiwilligen Gebirgs-Division "Prinz Eugen") was a German mountain infantry division of the Waffen-SS, the armed wing of the German Nazi Party that served alongside but was never formally part of the Wehrmacht during World War II in Yugoslavia.

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7TP

The 7TP (siedmiotonowy polski - 7-tonne Polish) was a Polish light tank of the Second World War.

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8 cm/40 3rd Year Type naval gun

The 8 cm/40 3rd Year Type naval gun was a Japanese naval anti-aircraft gun introduced during World War I. Although designated as, its shells were in diameter.

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Redirects here:

Independence of Romania, Kingdom of Roumania, Kingdom of Rumania, Kings of Romania, Lifespan Timeline of Heirs and Pretenders to the Romanian throne, Lifespan Timeline of Pretenders to the Romanian throne, List of Romanian monarchs, List of kings of Romania, List of monarchs of Romania, Romanian Kingdom.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania