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Kleptoparasitism

Index Kleptoparasitism

Kleptoparasitism (literally, parasitism by theft) is a form of feeding in which one animal takes prey or other food from another that has caught, collected, or otherwise prepared the food, including stored food (as in the case of cuckoo bees, which lay their eggs on the pollen masses made by other bees; food resources could also be in the form of hosts of parasitic or parasitoid wasps). [1]

253 relations: Accipitridae, African fish eagle, African wild dog, Agenioideus cinctellus, Aggressive mimicry, Albatross, American white ibis, American white pelican, Ammophila sabulosa, Ammophila urnaria, Ancistrocerus scoticus, Andrena agilissima, Andrena bicolor, Andrena vaga, Andrenidae, Anelosimus monskenyensis, Animal locomotion, Anoplius concinnus, Anoplius infuscatus, Ant, Ant follower, Antbird, Apalus bimaculatus, Apidae, Apinae, Arachnocoris, Arctic tern, Argiope argentata, Argiope pulchella, Argyrodella, Argyrodes, Argyrodes argentatus, Argyrodes fissifrons, Argyrodes fissifrontellus, Argyrodes flavescens, Argyrodes rostratus, Army ant, Ascension frigatebird, Ashy mining bee, Atlantic puffin, Australian pelican, Bald eagle, Bénoué National Park, Bear, Bee-eater, Bembicinae, Bembicini, Bengalia, Biology of Diptera, Bird, ..., Black and yellow mud dauber, Black drongo, Blastophaga psenes, Bonaparte's gull, Brahminy kite, Brood parasite, Brown bear, Brown pelican, Brown skua, Brown-hooded gull, Bumblebee, California sea lion, Carnivorous plant, Cattle egret, Ceropales, Ceropales maculata, Ceropalinae, Chimney swift, Chloropidae, Christmas frigatebird, Chrysidinae, Chrysidoidea, Chrysis ignita, Cinereous vulture, Coelioxys, Coelioxys sodalis, Collared pika, Colletes cunicularius, Colletes succinctus, Common raven, Common tern, Coppersmith barbet, Craticulina, Ctenoplectrini, Cuckoo bee, Cuckoo wasp, Cyrtophora, Cyrtophora exanthematica, Darwin's bark spider, Dhole, Dusky dolphin, Dusky woodswallow, Eagle, Eciton burchellii, Emery's rule, Enchophora sanguinea, Epeoloides, Epeoloides pilosulus, Epeolus, Epeolus cruciger, Episyron rufipes, Euglossini, Euglossopteryx, Eurasian lynx, European hornet, Eusociality, Evagetes, Evagetes crassicornis, Exaerete, Exaerete smaragdina, Exomalopsis, Facultative parasite, Feeding behaviour of Tyrannosaurus, Ficus aurea, Flesh fly, Formica incerta, Foxia, Frigatebird, Golden silk orb-weaver, Goliath heron, Great black-backed gull, Great frigatebird, Great skua, Great white pelican, Greater racket-tailed drongo, Green-breasted mango, Grizzly bear, Gull, Halictidae, Halictinae, Halictus ligatus, Hedychrum rutilans, Heermann's gull, Hen harrier, Highgate Common, House sparrow, Hunting wasp, Irenangelus, Jabiru, Jumping spider, Kleptopredation, Lasioglossum, Lasioglossum malachurum, Lasioglossum sordidum, Leopard attack, Lesser frigatebird, Lestrimelitta, Limpkin, List of birds of the Gambia, List of feeding behaviours, List of Greek and Latin roots in English/S, Little pied cormorant, Loggerhead shrike, Long-tailed shrike, Longhorn crazy ant, Macrotera portalis, Magnificent frigatebird, Maguari stork, Malabar trogon, Martial eagle, Megachile, Megachile campanulae, Megachilidae, Megachilinae, Milichiidae, Miltogramminae, Mimicry, Mixed-species foraging flock, Musca albina, Myrmecophilus americanus, Myrmosidae, Mysmenopsis, Nepenthes bicalcarata, New Guinea singing dog, Nomada, Nomada marshamella, Nomadinae, Northern crested caracara, Northern gannet, Northern harrier, Northern lynx, Nsess, Nysson, Nysson spinosus, Nyssonini, Odynerus spinipes, Orsonwelles, Osirini, Osiris (genus), Osmia xanthomelana, Osprey, Pachycrocuta, Parasitellus, Parasitism, Pelican, Pepsis grossa, Philoponella, Pied currawong, Pindu, Pittieria aurantiaca, Polistes semenowi, Pomarine jaeger, Prawle Point and Start Point Site of Special Scientific Interest, Red-billed gull, Red-necked falcon, Red-tailed hawk, Redback spider, Rhinoceros auklet, Rhynchitidae, Ring-billed gull, Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis, Saunders's gull, Scatomancy, Schistonchus caprifici, Scopa (biology), Seabird, Senegal batis, Sheathbill, Short-faced bear, Skua, Slave-making ant, Snowy sheathbill, Social spider, South American sea lion, Southern pied babbler, Sphecodes, Sphecodes gibbus, Sphecodes schenckii, Sphecodopsis, Sphex pensylvanicus, Sphictostethus nitidus, Spider, Spider silk, Spider wasp, Steller's sea eagle, Stenoria analis, Stizini, Tachypompilus analis, Tern, The Trials of Life, Theridiidae, Thyreus, Tiger, Tyrannosauridae, Tyrannosaurus, Velia caprai, Venus flytrap, Verrucosa arenata, Wasp, Western cattle egret, Western jackdaw, Whistling heron, Whistling kite. Expand index (203 more) »

Accipitridae

The Accipitridae, one of the four families within the order Accipitriformes (the others being Cathartidae, Pandionidae and Sagittariidae), are a family of small to large birds with strongly hooked bills and variable morphology based on diet.

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African fish eagle

The African fish eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer), or to distinguish it from the true fish eagles (Ichthyophaga), the African sea eagle, is a large species of eagle found throughout sub-Saharan Africa wherever large bodies of open water with an abundant food supply occur.

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African wild dog

The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), also known as African hunting dog, African painted dog, painted hunting dog, or painted wolf, is a canid native to Sub-Saharan Africa.

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Agenioideus cinctellus

Agenioideus cinctellus is a spider wasp of the subfamily Pompilinae with a Palearctic distribution.

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Aggressive mimicry

Aggressive mimicry is a form of mimicry in which predators, parasites or parasitoids share similar signals, using a harmless model, allowing them to avoid being correctly identified by their prey or host.

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Albatross

Albatrosses, of the biological family Diomedeidae, are large seabirds related to the procellariids, storm petrels and diving petrels in the order Procellariiformes (the tubenoses).

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American white ibis

The American white ibis (Eudocimus albus) is a species of bird in the ibis family, Threskiornithidae.

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American white pelican

The American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) is a large aquatic soaring bird from the order Pelecaniformes.

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Ammophila sabulosa

Ammophila sabulosa, the red-banded sand wasp, is a species of the subfamily Ammophilinae of the hunting wasp family Sphecidae.

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Ammophila urnaria

Ammophila urnaria is a species of hunting wasp in the family Sphecidae.

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Ancistrocerus scoticus

Ancistrocerus scoticus is a Palearctic species of potter wasp.

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Andrena agilissima

Andrena agilissima is a species of mining bee.

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Andrena bicolor

Andrena bicolor, Gwynne's mining bee, is a common and widespread Western Palearctic mining bee which is found over most of Europe as well as North Africa and the Middle East and which reaches eastwards into Siberia.

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Andrena vaga

Andrena vaga, the grey-backed mining bee, is a species of solitary bee which is found in most of Europe but which is very rare in Great Britain, where it may be recolonizing in the south-east after previously being extirpated.

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Andrenidae

The Andrenidae (commonly known as mining bees) are a large, nearly cosmopolitan family of solitary, ground-nesting bees.

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Anelosimus monskenyensis

Anelosimus monskenyensis is a small species of spider in the family Theridiidae.

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Animal locomotion

Animal locomotion, in ethology, is any of a variety of movements or methods that animals use to move from one place to another.

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Anoplius concinnus

Anoplius concinnus is a widespread Eurasian species of spider wasp.

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Anoplius infuscatus

Anoplius infuscatus is a species of spider wasp found mainly in Eurasia.

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Ant

Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera.

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Ant follower

Ant followers are birds that feed by following swarms of army ants and take prey flushed by those ants.

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Antbird

The antbirds are a large passerine bird family, Thamnophilidae, found across subtropical and tropical Central and South America, from Mexico to Argentina.

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Apalus bimaculatus

Apauls bimaculatus, the early blister beetle, is a species of blister beetle from the family Meloidae.

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Apidae

Apidae is the largest family within the superfamily Apoidea, containing at least 5700 species of bees.

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Apinae

The Apinae are the subfamily that includes the majority of bees in the family Apidae.

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Arachnocoris

Arachnocoris is a small genus of true bugs found in the Neotropics.

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Arctic tern

The Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea) is a tern in the family Laridae.

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Argiope argentata

Argiope argentata is a species of spider in the family Araneidae (orb-weavers), found from the United States south to Chile and Argentina.

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Argiope pulchella

Argiope pulchella is a species of orb spiders (belonging to the family Araneidae).

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Argyrodella

Argyrodella is a monotypic genus of tangle-web spider, containing only the one species, Argyrodella pusillus.

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Argyrodes

Spiders of the genus Argyrodes (Theridiidae), also called dewdrop spiders, occur worldwide.

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Argyrodes argentatus

Argyrodes argentatus is a kleptoparasitic spider.

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Argyrodes fissifrons

Argyrodes fissifrons (split-faced silver spider) is a species of spider of the genus Argyrodes.

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Argyrodes fissifrontellus

Argyrodes fissifrontellus is a species of tangle-web spider that is endemic to the Seychelles, and can be found on Mahé and Silhouette islands.

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Argyrodes flavescens

Argyrodes flavescens, commonly called the red and silver dewdrop spider is a species of spider belonging to the family Theridiidae.

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Argyrodes rostratus

Argyrodes rostratus is a species of tangle-web spider that is endemic to the Seychelles, and can be found on Mahé, Île Sèche, Cerf, Conception, Silhouette, Curieuse, Cousin, Aride, Praslin, La Digue, Grand Sœur, Felicite, Marianne, Denis islands and the Alphonse and St. François atolls.

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Army ant

The name army ant (or legionary ant or marabunta) is applied to over 200 ant species, in different lineages, due to their aggressive predatory foraging groups, known as "raids", in which huge numbers of ants forage simultaneously over a certain area.

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Ascension frigatebird

The Ascension frigatebird (Fregata aquila) is a seabird of the frigatebird family Fregatidae which breeds on Boatswain Bird Island and Ascension Island in the tropical Atlantic Ocean.

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Ashy mining bee

The ashy mining bee or grey mining bee, Andrena cineraria, is a European species of the sand bee (Andrena) genus.

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Atlantic puffin

The Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica), also known as the common puffin, is a species of seabird in the auk family.

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Australian pelican

The Australian pelican (Pelecanus conspicillatus) is a large waterbird of the family Pelecanidae, widespread on the inland and coastal waters of Australia and New Guinea, also in Fiji, parts of Indonesia and as a vagrant in New Zealand.

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Bald eagle

The bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus, from Greek ἅλς, hals "sea", αἰετός aietos "eagle", λευκός, leukos "white", κεφαλή, kephalē "head") is a bird of prey found in North America.

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Bénoué National Park

Bénoué National Park is a national park of Cameroon and a UNESCO designated Biosphere Reserve.

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Bear

Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family Ursidae.

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Bee-eater

The bee-eaters are a group of near-passerine birds in the family Meropidae containing three genera and 27 species.

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Bembicinae

The Bembicinae comprise a large subfamily of crabronid wasps that includes over 80 genera and over 1800 species which have a worldwide distribution.

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Bembicini

The Bembicini, or sand wasps, are a large tribe of crabronid wasps, comprising 20 genera.

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Bengalia

Bengalia is a genus of blow flies in the family Calliphoridae with one authority considering the genus to belong to a separate family Bengaliidae.Lehrer, A.Z., 2003, Bengaliidae n. fam. Une nouvelle famille de Diptera Cyclorrhapha. Entom. Croat., 7(1-2):5-14 These bristly and, unlike the greens and blues of most calliphorids, dull coloured flies, are especially noted for their relationship to ants. Little is known of their biology and life-cycle, although adults of many species are kleptoparasitic on ants and will snatch food and pupae being carried by ants or feed on winged termites.MELLOR, J. E. M. "NATURAL HISTORY NOTES. Notes on a "Bengalia"-like Fly, Which I Have Called the "Highwayman" Fly, and Its Behaviour towards Certain Species of Ants." Sudan Notes and Records 5, no. 2 (1922): 95-100. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41715637. The apt name “Highwayman Fly” was given by an early observer of their way of robbing ants. Very little is known about their breeding habits. The genus is found in the Afrotropical and oriental region with one species from Australia possibly a recent introduction.

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Biology of Diptera

Diptera is an order of winged insects commonly known as flies.

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Bird

Birds, also known as Aves, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.

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Black and yellow mud dauber

Black and yellow mud dauber is a common name for the sphecid wasp species Sceliphron caementarium.

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Black drongo

The black drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus) is a small Asian passerine bird of the drongo family Dicruridae.

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Blastophaga psenes

Blastophaga psenes is a wasp species in the genus Blastophaga.

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Bonaparte's gull

Bonaparte's gull (Chroicocephalus philadelphia) is a member of the gull family Laridae found mainly in northern North America.

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Brahminy kite

The brahminy kite (Haliastur indus), also known as the red-backed sea-eagle in Australia, is a medium-sized bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors, such as eagles, buzzards, and harriers.

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Brood parasite

Brood parasites are organisms that rely on others to raise their young.

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Brown bear

The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a bear that is found across much of northern Eurasia and North America.

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Brown pelican

The brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) is a North American bird of the pelican family, Pelecanidae.

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Brown skua

The brown skua (Stercorarius antarcticus), also known as the Antarctic skua, subantarctic skua, southern great skua, southern skua, or hākoakoa (Māori), is a large seabird that breeds in the subantarctic and Antarctic zones and moves further north when not breeding.

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Brown-hooded gull

The brown-hooded gull (Chroicocephalus maculipennis) is a species of gull found in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, the Falkland Islands, and Uruguay.

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Bumblebee

A bumblebee (or bumble bee, bumble-bee or humble-bee) is any of over 250 species in the genus Bombus, part of Apidae, one of the bee families.

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California sea lion

The California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) is a coastal eared seal native to western North America.

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Carnivorous plant

Carnivorous plants are plants that derive some or most of their nutrients (but not energy) from trapping and consuming animals or protozoans, typically insects and other arthropods.

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Cattle egret

The cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) is a cosmopolitan species of heron (family Ardeidae) found in the tropics, subtropics and warm temperate zones.

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Ceropales

Ceropales is a genus of kleptoparasitic spider wasps from the sub-family Ceropalinae of the family Pompilidae.

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Ceropales maculata

Ceropales maculata is a kleptoparasitic spider wasp found in the holoarctic region.

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Ceropalinae

The Ceropalinae are a subfamily of the Pompilidae, the spider wasps, containing two genera, whose members are kleptoparasitic on other solitary wasps which hunt spiders, mainly fellow members of the Pompilidae.

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Chimney swift

The chimney swift (Chaetura pelagica) is a bird belonging to the swift family Apodidae.

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Chloropidae

The Chloropidae are a family of flies commonly known as frit flies or grass flies.

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Christmas frigatebird

The Christmas frigatebird or Christmas Island frigatebird (Fregata andrewsi) is a seabird of the frigatebird family Fregatidae which is endemic to Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean.

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Chrysidinae

The subfamily Chrysidinae contains those species that are most commonly recognized as cuckoo wasps, being by far the largest and most familiar subfamily.

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Chrysidoidea

The superfamily Chrysidoidea is a very large cosmopolitan group (some 6,000 described species, and many more undescribed), including many parasitoid or cleptoparasitic wasps.

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Chrysis ignita

Chrysis ignita, also known as the ruby-tailed wasp, is a species of cuckoo wasps.

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Cinereous vulture

The cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus) is a large raptorial bird that is distributed through much of Eurasia.

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Coelioxys

Coelioxys, common name leaf-cutting cuckoo bees or sharp-tailed bees, is a genus of solitary kleptoparasitic or brood parasitic bees, belonging to the family Megachilidae.

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Coelioxys sodalis

Coelioxys sodalis is a bee from the family Megachilidae, one of numerous kleptoparasitic bees in the tribe Megachilini.

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Collared pika

The collared pika (Ochotona collaris) is a species of mammal in the pika family, Ochotonidae, and part of the order Lagomorpha which comprises rabbits, hares, and pikas.

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Colletes cunicularius

Colletes cunicularis, the vernal colletes or Spring mining bee, is a species of solitary bee from the family Colletidae which is widespread in the Palearctic from Britain to the Pacific Ocean which nests in areas of open, sandy soil.

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Colletes succinctus

Colletes succinctus, the common colletes or heather colletes, is a species of Palearctic mining bee from the family Colletidae.

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Common raven

The common raven (Corvus corax), also known as the northern raven, is a large all-black passerine bird.

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Common tern

The common tern (Sterna hirundo) is a seabird in the family Laridae.

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Coppersmith barbet

The coppersmith barbet, crimson-breasted barbet or coppersmith (Psilopogon haemacephalus), is a bird with crimson forehead and throat which is best known for its metronomic call that has been likened to a coppersmith striking metal with a hammer.

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Craticulina

Craticulina is a genus of true flies in the family Sarcophagidae. They are cleptoparasites of various species of sand wasps. They are ovoviviparous, laying larvae instead of eggs. The larvae share the prey of the sand wasp, and though they are much smaller than the wasps, many fly larvae may be present in each wasp larva, causing food to run short. Sometimes the fly larvae also attack the wasp larvae while they are small, especially if too many fly larvae and too little food are present. The flies are sand coloured, which no doubt helps camouflage them, but at least some species of hosts take evasive action when Craticulina species are present, though it is not clear how effectively.

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Ctenoplectrini

The bee tribe Ctenoplectrini of the subfamily Apinae, with the two genera Ctenoplectra and Ctenoplectrina, comprises 9 species in tropical Africa, 10 in Asia, and 1 in Australia.

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Cuckoo bee

The term cuckoo bee is used for a variety of different bee lineages which have evolved the kleptoparasitic behaviour of laying their eggs in the nests of other bees, reminiscent of the behavior of cuckoo birds.

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Cuckoo wasp

Commonly known as cuckoo wasps or emerald wasps, the hymenopteran family Chrysididae is a very large cosmopolitan group (over 3000 described species) of parasitoid or kleptoparasitic wasps, often highly sculptured, with brilliant metallic colors created by structural coloration.

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Cyrtophora

Cyrtophora, the tent-web spiders, although technically orb-web spiders (family Araneidae), do not build orb webs.

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Cyrtophora exanthematica

Cyrtophora exanthematica are tent spiders common in tropical Asia and Australia.

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Darwin's bark spider

Darwin's bark spider (scientific name Caerostris darwini) is an orb-weaver spider that produces one of the largest known orb webs, ranging from, with bridge lines spanning up to.

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Dhole

The dhole (Cuon alpinus) is a canid native to Central, South and Southeast Asia.

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Dusky dolphin

The dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) is a dolphin found in coastal waters in the Southern Hemisphere.

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Dusky woodswallow

The dusky woodswallow (Artamus cyanopterus), is a bird species of forests and woodlands in temperate and subtropical regions, extending into tropical areas around the Atherton Tableland, in eastern and southern Australia.

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Eagle

Eagle is the common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae.

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Eciton burchellii

Eciton burchellii is a species of New World army ant in the genus Eciton.

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Emery's rule

In 1909, the entomologist Carlo Emery noted that social parasites among insects (e.g., kleptoparasites) tend to be parasites of species or genera to which they are closely related.

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Enchophora sanguinea

Enchophora sanguinea is a species of lantern bug, a type of hemipteran, found in Central and South America.

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Epeoloides

Epeoloides is a genus of kleptoparasitic bees which lay their eggs in the nests of melittid bees of the genus Macropis.

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Epeoloides pilosulus

Epeoloides pilosulus is one of only two species in the bee genus Epeoloides; it is cleptoparasitic in the nests of melittid bees of the genus Macropis.

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Epeolus

Epeolus is a genus of cuckoo bees of the tribe Epeolini, the subfamily Nomadinae part of the honey bee family Apidae.

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Epeolus cruciger

Epeolus cruciger, the red-thighed epeolus, is a species of cuckoo bee from the family Apidae.

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Episyron rufipes

Episyron rufipes, the red-legged spider wasp, is a red and black or completely black spider-hunting wasp.

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Euglossini

The tribe Euglossini, in the subfamily Apinae, commonly known as orchid bees or Euglossine bees, are the only group of corbiculate bees whose non-parasitic members do not all possess eusocial behavior.

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Euglossopteryx

Euglossopteryx is an extinct genus of bee in the family Apidae known from a fossil found in North America.

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Eurasian lynx

The Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) is a medium-sized wild cat native to Siberia, Central, Eastern, and Southern Asia, Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.

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European hornet

The European hornet (Vespa crabro) is the largest eusocial wasp native to Europe.

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Eusociality

Eusociality (from Greek εὖ eu "good" and social), the highest level of organization of animal sociality, is defined by the following characteristics: cooperative brood care (including care of offspring from other individuals), overlapping generations within a colony of adults, and a division of labor into reproductive and non-reproductive groups.

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Evagetes

Evagetes is a genus of spider wasps from the family Pompilidae.

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Evagetes crassicornis

Evagetes crassicornis is a kleptoparasitic spider wasp with a holarctic distribution.

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Exaerete

Exaerete is a genus of euglossine bees found from Mexico to northern Argentina.

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Exaerete smaragdina

Exaerete smaragdina is a species of kleptoparasitic euglossine bees.

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Exomalopsis

Exomalopsis is a genus of bees in the family Apidae.

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Facultative parasite

A facultative parasite is an organism that may resort to parasitic activity, but does not absolutely rely on any host for completion of its life cycle.

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Feeding behaviour of Tyrannosaurus

The feeding behaviour of Tyrannosaurus rex has been studied extensively.

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Ficus aurea

Ficus aurea, commonly known as the Florida strangler fig (or simply strangler fig), golden fig, or higuerón, is a tree in the family Moraceae that is native to the U.S. state of Florida, the northern and western Caribbean, southern Mexico and Central America south to Panama.

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Flesh fly

Flies in the family Sarcophagidae (from the Greek σάρκο sarco-.

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Formica incerta

Formica incerta is a species of ant found in eastern North America.

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Foxia

The genus Foxia is a group of cleptoparasitic bembicine wasps that occur in xeric habitats in the New World.

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Frigatebird

Frigatebirds (also listed as "frigate bird", "frigate-bird", "frigate", frigate-petrel") are a family of seabirds called Fregatidae which are found across all tropical and subtropical oceans.

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Golden silk orb-weaver

The golden silk orb-weavers (Nephila) are a genus of araneomorph spiders noted for the impressive webs they weave.

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Goliath heron

The Goliath heron (Ardea goliath), also known as the giant heron, is a very large wading bird of the heron family, Ardeidae.

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Great black-backed gull

The great black-backed gull (Larus marinus), mistakenly called greater black-backed gull by some, is the largest member of the gull family.

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Great frigatebird

The great frigatebird (Fregata minor) is a large seabird in the frigatebird family.

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Great skua

The great skua (Stercorarius skua) is a large seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae.

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Great white pelican

The great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) also known as the eastern white pelican, rosy pelican or white pelican is a bird in the pelican family.

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Greater racket-tailed drongo

The greater racket-tailed drongo (Dicrurus paradiseus) is a medium-sized Asian bird which is distinctive in having elongated outer tail feathers with webbing restricted to the tips.

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Green-breasted mango

The green-breasted mango (Anthracothorax prevostii) is a hummingbird from tropical America.

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Grizzly bear

The grizzly bear (Ursus arctos ssp.) is a large population of the brown bear inhabiting North America.

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Gull

Gulls or seagulls are seabirds of the family Laridae in the suborder Lari.

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Halictidae

The Halictidae is the second largest family of Apoidea bees.

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Halictinae

Within the insect order Hymenoptera, the Halictinae are the largest, most diverse, and most recently diverged of the four halictid subfamilies.

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Halictus ligatus

Halictus ligatus is a species of sweat bee from the family Halictidae, characterized by those bees that mine or burrow into the ground to create their nests.

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Hedychrum rutilans

Hedychrum rutilans is a species of cuckoo wasps (insects in the family Chrysididae).

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Heermann's gull

The Heermann's gull (Larus heermanni) is a gull resident in the United States, Mexico and extreme southwestern British Columbia, nearly all nesting on Isla Rasa in the Gulf of California.

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Hen harrier

The hen harrier (Circus cyaneus) is a bird of prey.

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Highgate Common

Highgate Common is a Staffordshire Wildlife Trust reserve containing a mix of heathland and woodland.

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House sparrow

The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a bird of the sparrow family Passeridae, found in most parts of the world.

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Hunting wasp

Hunting wasps are members of various taxa of the insect order Hymenoptera.

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Irenangelus

Ireangelus is a genus of kleptoparasitic spider wasps from the sub-family Ceropalinae of the family Pompilidae.

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Jabiru

The jabiru (or; Jabiru mycteria) is a large stork found in the Americas from Mexico to Argentina, except west of the Andes.

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Jumping spider

Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family Salticidae.

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Kleptopredation

Kleptopredation is a form of feeding in which a predator eats prey after the prey has hunted, consuming both the prey and its recent meal.

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Lasioglossum

The sweat bee genus Lasioglossum is the largest of all bee genera, containing over 1700 species in numerous subgenera worldwide.

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Lasioglossum malachurum

Lasioglossum malachurum, the sharp-collared furrow bee, is a small European halictid bee.

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Lasioglossum sordidum

Lasioglossum sordidum, also referred to as small native bee, is one of the smallest native bees found in New Zealand.

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Leopard attack

The frequency of leopard attacks on humans varies by geographical region and historical period.

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Lesser frigatebird

The lesser frigatebird (Fregata ariel) is a seabird of the frigatebird family Fregatidae.

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Lestrimelitta

Lestrimelitta is a genus of stingless bees found in the Neotropics, from Mexico to Brazil and Argentina, with 19 known species.

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Limpkin

The limpkin (Aramus guarauna), also called carrao, courlan, and crying bird, is a bird that looks like a large rail but is skeletally closer to cranes.

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List of birds of the Gambia

This is a list of the bird species recorded in the Gambia.

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List of feeding behaviours

Feeding is the process by which organisms, typically animals, obtain food.

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List of Greek and Latin roots in English/S

Category:Lists of words.

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Little pied cormorant

The little pied cormorant, little shag or kawaupaka (Microcarbo melanoleucos) is a common Australasian waterbird, found around the coasts, islands, estuaries, and inland waters of Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Malaysia, and Indonesia, and around the islands of the south-western Pacific and the subantarctic.

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Loggerhead shrike

The loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) is a passerine bird in the family Laniidae.

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Long-tailed shrike

The long-tailed shrike or rufous-backed shrike (Lanius schach) is a member of the bird family Laniidae, the shrikes.

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Longhorn crazy ant

The longhorn crazy ant (Paratrechina longicornis), also known as "black crazy ant", is a species of small dark-coloured insect in the family Formicidae.

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Macrotera portalis

Macrotera portalis is a species of communal, ground nesting, partially bivoltine bees found in arid grasslands and desert regions.

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Magnificent frigatebird

The magnificent frigatebird (Fregata magnificens) is a seabird of the frigatebird family Fregatidae.

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Maguari stork

The maguari stork (Ciconia maguari) is a large species of stork that inhabits seasonal wetlands over much of South America, and is very similar in appearance to the white stork; albeit slightly larger.

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Malabar trogon

The Malabar trogon (Harpactes fasciatus) is a species of bird in the trogon family.

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Martial eagle

The martial eagle (Polemaetus bellicosus) is a large eagle native to sub-Saharan Africa.

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Megachile

The genus Megachile is a cosmopolitan group of solitary bees, often called leafcutter bees or leafcutting bees.

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Megachile campanulae

Megachile campanulae, known as the bellflower resin bee, is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae.

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Megachilidae

Megachilidae is a cosmopolitan family of mostly solitary bees whose pollen-carrying structure (called a scopa) is restricted to the ventral surface of the abdomen (rather than mostly or exclusively on the hind legs as in other bee families).

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Megachilinae

Megachilinae is a subfamily of bees, the largest subfamily in the family Megachilidae,Pascarella, J. B. The Bees of Florida.

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Milichiidae

Milichiidae are a family of flies.

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Miltogramminae

The Miltogramminae are a subfamily of the family Sarcophagidae.

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Mimicry

In evolutionary biology, mimicry is a similarity of one organism, usually an animal, to another that has evolved because the resemblance is selectively favoured by the behaviour of a shared signal receiver that can respond to both.

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Mixed-species foraging flock

A mixed-species feeding flock, also termed a mixed-species foraging flock, mixed hunting party or informally bird wave, is a flock of usually insectivorous birds of different species that join each other and move together while foraging.

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Musca albina

Musca albina is a widespread Old World species of fly, known from dry areas of the Afrotropical Region, North Africa and the Middle East, Central Asia, India and Sri Lanka.

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Myrmecophilus americanus

Myrmecophilus americanus is an ant cricket, a wingless cricket that is an obligate parasite of ants and lives in their nests.

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Myrmosidae

The Myrmosidae are a small family of wasps very similar to the Mutillidae.

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Mysmenopsis

Mysmenopsis is a kleptoparasitic genus of tiny tropical and subtropical American spiders in the family Mysmenidae.

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Nepenthes bicalcarata

Nepenthes bicalcarata (or; Latin: bi "two", calcaratus "spur"), also known as the fanged pitcher-plant,Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996.

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New Guinea singing dog

The New Guinea singing dog or New Guinea Highland dog (Canis lupus dingo or Canis familiaris) is a type of rare dog native to the New Guinea Highlands of the island of New Guinea.

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Nomada

With over 850 species, the genus Nomada is one of the largest genera in the family Apidae, and the largest genus of cleptoparasitic "cuckoo bees".

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Nomada marshamella

Nomada marshamella, Marsham's nomad bee, is a species of Palearctic cuckoo bee which appears to be a wasp mimic and which is cleptoparasite on the mining bees of the genus Andrena, especially A. scotica and A. trimmerana.

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Nomadinae

Nomadinae is a subfamily of bees in the family Apidae.

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Northern crested caracara

The northern crested caracara (Caracara cheriway), also called the northern caracara and crested caracara, is a bird of prey in the family Falconidae.

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Northern gannet

The northern gannet (Morus bassanus) is a seabird, the largest species of the gannet family, Sulidae.

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Northern harrier

The northern harrier or marsh hawk (Circus hudsonius or Circus cyaneus hudsonius) is a bird of prey.

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Northern lynx

The Northern lynx (Lynx lynx lynx) is a medium-sized subspecies of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx).

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Nsess

The nsess (Stomatepia mariae) is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Barombi Mbo in western Cameroon.

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Nysson

Nysson is a Holarctic genus of kleptoparasitic wasps in the family Crabronidae.

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Nysson spinosus

Nysson spinosus, the large-spurred digger wasp, is a species of cleptoparasitic wasp of the family Crabronidae which is found in the Palearctic.

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Nyssonini

The Nyssonini are a group of cleptoparasitic bembicine wasps generally distinguished by the petiolate second submarginal cell of the forewing and rather strongly sculptured head and mesosoma (a common trait in cleptoparasitic wasps).

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Odynerus spinipes

Odynerus spinipes, the spiny mason wasp, is a species of potter wasp from western Europe.

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Orsonwelles

Orsonwelles is a genus of spiders belonging to the family Linyphiidae.

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Osirini

The Osirini are a tribe of cleptoparasitic apid bees, all but one genus exclusively from the Neotropics, and laying their eggs in the nests of bees in the apid tribe Tapinotaspidini; the one exceptional genus is Epeoloides, which has one North American species and one European species, both of which attack the melittid genus Macropis.

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Osiris (genus)

The cleptoparasitic bee genus Osiris is a rare group of apid bees from the Neotropics (Mexico through Argentina), that lay their eggs in the nests of bees in the related tribe Tapinotaspidini, such as Paratetrapedia.

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Osmia xanthomelana

Osmia xanthomelana, the large mason bee, is a species of mason bee in the genus Osmia.

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Osprey

The osprey or more specifically the western osprey (Pandion haliaetus) — also called sea hawk, river hawk, and fish hawk — is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey with a cosmopolitan range.

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Pachycrocuta

Pachycrocuta was a genus of prehistoric hyenas.

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Parasitellus

Parasitellus (formerly Parasitus) is a genus of mites in the family Parasitidae which are obligatory parasites of bumblebees.

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Parasitism

In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.

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Pelican

Pelicans are a genus of large water birds that make up the family Pelecanidae.

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Pepsis grossa

Pepsis grossa, formerly and perhaps better known as Pepsis formosa, is a very large species of pepsine spider wasp from the southern part of North America, south to northern South America. It preys on tarantula spiders, giving rise to the name tarantula hawk for the wasps in the genus Pepsis and the related Hemipepsis. Only the females hunt, so only they are capable of delivering a sting, which is considered the second most painful of any insect sting; scoring 4.0 on the Schmidt sting pain index compared to the bullet ant's 4.0+. It is the state insect of New Mexico. The colour morphs are the xanthic orange-winged form and the melanic black winged form. In northern South America, a third form, known as "lygamorphic", has a dark base to the wings which have dark amber median patches and a pale tip.

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Philoponella

Philoponella is a genus of uloborid spiders.

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Pied currawong

The pied currawong (Strepera graculina) is a medium-sized black passerine bird native to eastern Australia and Lord Howe Island.

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Pindu

The pindu (Stomatepia pindu) is a critically endangered species of cichlid endemic to Lake Barombi Mbo in western Cameroon.

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Pittieria aurantiaca

Pittieria aurantiaca is a species of predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae.

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Polistes semenowi

Polistes semenowi is a kleptoparasitic paper wasp that is found in several regions of high altitude in Europe.

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Pomarine jaeger

The pomarine jaeger (Stercorarius pomarinus), pomarine skua, or pomatorhine skua, is a seabird in the skua family Stercorariidae.

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Prawle Point and Start Point Site of Special Scientific Interest

The Prawle Point and Start Point Site of Special Scientific Interest (to) is a 341.2 hectare biological and geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in southern Devon, notified in 1976.

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Red-billed gull

The red-billed gull (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae scopulinus), once also known as the mackerel gull, is a native of New Zealand, being found throughout the country and on outlying islands including the Chatham Islands and subantarctic islands.

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Red-necked falcon

The red-necked falcon (Falco chicquera) is a bird of prey in the falcon family with two disjunct populations, one in India and the other in Africa.

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Red-tailed hawk

The red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) is a bird of prey that breeds throughout most of North America, from the interior of Alaska and northern Canada to as far south as Panama and the West Indies.

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Redback spider

The redback spider (Latrodectus hasseltii) is a species of highly venomous spider believed to originate in the South Australian or adjacent Western Australian deserts, but now found throughout Australia, Southeast Asia and New Zealand, with colonies elsewhere outside Australia.

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Rhinoceros auklet

The rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) is a seabird and a close relative of the puffins.

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Rhynchitidae

The tooth-nosed snout weevils, Rhynchitidae, are small beetles (1.5 to 6.5 mm) that are usually found vegetation.

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Ring-billed gull

The ring-billed gull (Larus delawarensis) is a medium-sized gull.

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Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis

Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis, also known as the red-tailed flesh fly, is a fly in the Sarcophagidae family.

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Saunders's gull

Saunders's gull or the Chinese black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus saundersi) is a species of gull in the family Laridae.

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Scatomancy

Scatomancy is the reading of a person's fortune by examining their bodily excrement, or by examining those of an animal.

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Schistonchus caprifici

Schistonchus caprifici is a plant parasitic nematode in the genus Schistonchus parasitizing the caprifig (Ficus carica sylvestris).

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Scopa (biology)

A scopa (plural scopae; Latin for "broom") is any of a number of different modifications on the body of a non-parasitic bee that form a pollen-carrying apparatus.

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Seabird

Seabirds (also known as marine birds) are birds that are adapted to life within the marine environment.

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Senegal batis

The Senegal batis (Batis senegalensis) is a species of small passerine bird in the wattle-eyes family, Platysteiridae.

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Sheathbill

The sheathbills are a family of birds, Chionidae.

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Short-faced bear

The short-faced bears (Arctodus spp.) is an extinct bear genus that inhabited North America during the Pleistocene epoch from about 1.8 Mya until 11,000 years ago.

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Skua

The skuas are a group of seabirds with about seven species forming the family Stercorariidae and the genus Stercorarius.

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Slave-making ant

Slave-making ants are brood parasites that capture broods of other ant species to increase the worker force of their colony.

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Snowy sheathbill

The snowy sheathbill (Chionis albus), also known as the greater sheathbill, pale-faced sheathbill, and paddy, is one of two species of sheathbill.

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Social spider

A social spider is a spider species whose individuals form relatively long-lasting aggregations.

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South American sea lion

The South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens, formerly Otaria byronia), also called the southern sea lion and the Patagonian sea lion, is a sea lion found on the Ecuadorian, Peruvian, Chilean, Falkland Islands, Argentinean, Uruguayan, and Southern Brazilian coasts.

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Southern pied babbler

The southern pied babbler (Turdoides bicolor) is a species of bird in the Leiothrichidae family, found in dry savannah of Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.

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Sphecodes

Sphecodes is a genus of bees from the family Halictidae, the majority of which are black and red in colour and are colloquially known as "blood bees".

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Sphecodes gibbus

Sphecodes gibbus, the dark-winged blood bee, is a species of cleptoparasitic blood bee from the Palearctic.

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Sphecodes schenckii

Sphecodes schenckii is a solitary cleptoparasitic bee which is found in southern and eastern Europe and the Middle East.

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Sphecodopsis

Sphecodopsis is a genus of cleptoparasitic "cuckoo" bees in the family Apidae.

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Sphex pensylvanicus

Sphex pensylvanicus is a species of digger wasp, commonly known as the great black wasp.

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Sphictostethus nitidus

Sphictostethus nitidus, the golden hunter wasp or red spider wasp, is a species of pepsid spider wasp endemic to New Zealand.

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Spider

Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs and chelicerae with fangs that inject venom.

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Spider silk

Spider silk is a protein fibre spun by spiders.

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Spider wasp

Wasps in the family Pompilidae are commonly called spider wasps or pompilid wasps.

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Steller's sea eagle

Steller's sea eagle (Haliaeetus pelagicus) is a large diurnal bird of prey in the family Accipitridae.

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Stenoria analis

Stenoria analis, the ivy bee blister beetle, is a species of blister beetle from the family Meloidae which is found in western Europe and North Africa and is a specialst cleptoparasite of the ivy bee (Colletes hederae) in its larval stage.

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Stizini

The Stizini are a tribe of small to large-sized sand wasps, similar to those in the tribe Bembicini, distinguished primarily by features of wing venation.

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Tachypompilus analis

Tachypompilus analis, the red-tailed spider wasp is a species of spider wasp found in most of tropical and subtropical Asia, north to Japan.

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Tern

Terns are seabirds in the family Laridae that have a worldwide distribution and are normally found near the sea, rivers, or wetlands.

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The Trials of Life

The Trials of Life: A Natural History of Behaviour is a BBC nature documentary series written and presented by David Attenborough, first transmitted in the United Kingdom from 3 October 1990.

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Theridiidae

Theridiidae is a large family of spiders, also known as the tangle-web spiders, cobweb spiders and comb-footed spiders.

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Thyreus

Thyreus is an Old World genus of bees, one of many that are commonly known as cuckoo bees, and are cleptoparasites of other species of bees, mostly in the genus Amegilla.

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Tiger

The tiger (Panthera tigris) is the largest cat species, most recognizable for its pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with a lighter underside.

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Tyrannosauridae

Tyrannosauridae (or tyrannosaurids, meaning "tyrant lizards") is a family of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that comprises two subfamilies containing up to thirteen genera, including the eponymous Tyrannosaurus.

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Tyrannosaurus

Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur.

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Velia caprai

Velia caprai, known as the water cricket, is a species of aquatic bug found in Europe.

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Venus flytrap

The Venus flytrap (also referred to as Venus's flytrap or Venus' flytrap), Dionaea muscipula, is a carnivorous plant native to subtropical wetlands on the East Coast of the United States in North Carolina and South Carolina.

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Verrucosa arenata

Verrucosa arenata, also known as the arrowhead spider, arrowhead orb weaver, or triangle orb weaver, is a species of orb-weaver spider (family Araneidae).

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Wasp

A wasp is any insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that is neither a bee nor an ant.

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Western cattle egret

The western cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) is a species of heron (family Ardeidae) found in the tropics, subtropics and warm temperate zones.

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Western jackdaw

The western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula), also known as the Eurasian jackdaw, European jackdaw, or simply jackdaw, is a passerine bird in the crow family.

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Whistling heron

The whistling heron (Syrigma sibilatrix) is a medium-sized, often terrestrial heron of South America.

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Whistling kite

The whistling kite (Haliastur sphenurus) is a medium-sized diurnal raptor found throughout Australia (including coastal islands), New Caledonia and much of New Guinea (excluding the central mountains and the northwest).

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Redirects here:

Cleptoparasite, Cleptoparasitic, Cleptoparasitism, Kleptoparasite, Kleptoparasitic, Kleptotrophobiosis.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleptoparasitism

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