Lactation

Lactation describes the secretion of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young. ^[1]

392 relations: Abaza goat, Abortion debate, Abortion–breast cancer hypothesis, Aggression, Aggression in cattle, Akodon spegazzinii, Alfatradiol, Alice Vickery, Amenorrhea, Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, Amur leopard, Amy Spangler, Anatolian Black cattle, Animal psychopathology, Animal roleplay, Animal sexual behaviour, Anovulation, Anterior pituitary, Anthropometric measurement of the developing fetus, Arctium, Arctocephalus forsteri, Areola, Armoricaine, Artificial rice, Asian elephant, Atipamezole, Automatic milking, AYUSH-ISHA Organic Health Systems, Aztec mastiff bat, Balanites aegyptiaca, Barbari goat, Bashkir horse, Bat-eared fox, Béarnaise cattle, Beech marten, Behavioral ecology, Beluga whale, Benzodiazepine dependence, Bhadawari, Bicalutamide, Biomonitoring, Bionda dell'Adamello, Biotin, Birth control, Bismuth subgallate, Blanford's fruit bat, Bleue du Nord, Bottlenose dolphin, Bovine somatotropin, Bowhead whale, ..., Breast, Breast augmentation, Breast cancer classification, 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Abaza goat

The Abaza is an indigenous breed of goat from north-east Turkey.

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Abortion debate

The abortion debate is the ongoing controversy surrounding the moral, legal, and religious status of induced abortion.

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Abortion–breast cancer hypothesis

The abortion–breast cancer hypothesis posits that having an induced abortion can increase the risk of getting breast cancer.

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Aggression

Aggression is overt, often harmful, social interaction with the intention of inflicting damage or other unpleasantness upon another individual.

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Aggression in cattle

Aggression in cattle is usually a result of fear, learning, and hormonal state, however, many other factors can contribute to aggressive behaviors in cattle.

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Akodon spegazzinii

Akodon spegazzinii, also known as Spegazzini's akodontMusser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1099 or Spegazzini's grass mouse, is a rodent in the genus Akodon found in northwestern Argentina.

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Alfatradiol, also known as 17α-estradiol and sold under the brand names Avicis, Avixis, Ell-Cranell Alpha, and Pantostin, is a weak estrogen and a 5α-reductase inhibitor which is used as a topical medication in the treatment of androgenic alopecia (pattern hair loss) in men and women.

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Alice Vickery

Alice Vickery (also known as A. Vickery Drysdale and A. Drysdale Vickery; 1844 – 12 January 1929) was an English physician, campaigner for women's rights, and the first British woman to qualify as a chemist and pharmacist.

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Amenorrhea

Amenorrhoea is the absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age.

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Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, also known as co-amoxiclav, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.

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Amur leopard

The Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) is a leopard subspecies native to the Primorye region of southeastern Russia and the Jilin Province of northeast China.

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Amy Spangler

Amy Spangler is a breastfeeding expert and president of baby gooroo who has lectured extensively and published several books on breastfeeding.

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Anatolian Black cattle

The Anatolian Black (Turkish: Yerli Kara), also known as Native Black Cattle, is a breed of cattle that originated in Anatolia, in what is now Turkey.

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Animal psychopathology

Animal psychopathology is the study of mental or behavioral disorders in animals.

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Animal roleplay

Animal roleplay is a form of roleplay where at least one participant plays the part of a non-human animal.

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Animal sexual behaviour

Animal sexual behaviour takes many different forms, including within the same species.

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Anovulation

Anovulation is when the ovaries do not release an oocyte during a menstrual cycle.

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Anterior pituitary

A major organ of the endocrine system, the anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior), is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior lobe (posterior pituitary, or the neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland (hypophysis).

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Anthropometric measurement of the developing fetus

Anthropometry is defined as the scientific study of the human body measurements and proportions.

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Arctium

Arctium is a genus of biennial plants commonly known as burdock, family Asteraceae.

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Arctocephalus forsteri

Arctocephalus forsteri, the Australasian fur seal, South Australian fur seal, New Zealand fur seal, Antipodean fur seal, or long-nosed fur seal, is a species of fur seal found mainly around the South and Western coasts and offshore islands of Australia, and the North Island and South Island of New Zealand.

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Areola

The human areola (areola mammae, in. or) is the pigmented area on the breast around the nipple.

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Armoricaine

The Armoricaine or Armorican is an endangered French breed of domestic cattle.

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Artificial rice

Artificial rice is a grain product made to resemble rice.

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Asian elephant

The Asian elephant, or Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus), is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed in Southeast Asia, from India and Nepal in the west to Borneo in the south.

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Atipamezole

Atipamezole (brand name Antisedan) is a synthetic α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist indicated for the reversal of the sedative and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine and medetomidine in dogs.

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Automatic milking

Automatic milking is the milking of dairy animals, especially of dairy cattle, without human labour.

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AYUSH-ISHA Organic Health Systems

AYUSH-ISHA Organic Health Systems is a pilot health project currently being implemented in the Kolli Hills, in the district of Namakkal, Tamil Nadu.

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Aztec mastiff bat

The Aztec mastiff bat (Molossus aztecus) is a species of bat in the family Molossidae.

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Balanites aegyptiaca

Balanites aegyptiaca is a species of tree, classified either as a member of the Zygophyllaceae or the Balanitaceae.

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Barbari goat

The Barbari or Bari is a breed of small domestic goat found in a wide area in India and Pakistan.

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Bashkir horse

The Bashkir is the horse breed of the Bashkir people.

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Bat-eared fox

The bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) is a species of fox found on the African savanna, named for its large ears,.

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Béarnaise cattle

The Béarnaise is a French breed of domestic beef cattle.

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Beech marten

The beech marten (Martes foina), also known as the stone marten, house marten or white breasted marten, is a species of marten native to much of Europe and Central Asia, though it has established a feral population in North America.

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Behavioral ecology

Behavioral ecology, also spelled behavioural ecology, is the study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior due to ecological pressures.

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Beluga whale

The beluga whale or white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) is an Arctic and sub-Arctic cetacean.

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Benzodiazepine dependence

Benzodiazepine dependence or benzodiazepine addiction is when one has developed one or more of either tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, drug seeking behaviors, such as continued use despite harmful effects, and maladaptive pattern of substance use, according to the DSM-IV.

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Bhadawari

Bhadwari is an improved water buffalo breed from Uttar Pradesh, India, that is kept for milk production mainly in the Agra and Etawah districts,.

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Bicalutamide

Bicalutamide, sold under the brand name Casodex among others, is an antiandrogen medication that is primarily used to treat prostate cancer.

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Biomonitoring

In analytical chemistry, biomonitoring is the measurement of the body burden of toxic chemical compounds, elements, or their metabolites, in biological substances.

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Bionda dell'Adamello

The Bionda dell'Adamello is an indigenous breed of domestic goat from the Val Camonica in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy in northern Italy.

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Biotin

Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin, also called vitamin B7 and formerly known as vitamin H or coenzyme R. Biotin is composed of a ureido ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring.

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Birth control

Birth control, also known as contraception and fertility control, is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy.

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Bismuth subgallate

Bismuth subgallate, with a chemical formula C7H5BiO6, is commonly used to treat malodor by deodorizing flatulence and stools.

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Blanford's fruit bat

Blanford's fruit bat (Sphaerias blanfordi) is a mountain species of megabat.

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Bleue du Nord

The Bleue du Nord is a French breed of dual-purpose cattle from the former region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the north-east of the country, on the border with Belgium.

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Bottlenose dolphin

Bottlenose dolphins, the genus Tursiops, are the most common members of the family Delphinidae, the family of oceanic dolphin.

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Bovine somatotropin

Bovine somatotropin or bovine somatotrophin (abbreviated bST and BST), or bovine growth hormone (BGH), is a peptide hormone produced by cows' pituitary glands.

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Bowhead whale

The bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) is a species of the family Balaenidae, in suborder Mysticeti, and genus Balaena, which once included the right whale.

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Breast

The breast is one of two prominences located on the upper ventral region of the torso of primates.

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Breast augmentation

Breast augmentation and augmentation mammoplasty (colloquially known as a "boob job") are plastic surgery terms for the breast-implant and the fat-graft mammoplasty approaches used to increase the size, change the shape, and alter the texture of the breasts of a woman.

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Breast cancer classification

Breast cancer classification divides breast cancer into categories according to different schemes criteria and serving a different purpose.

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Breast development

Breast development, also known as mammogenesis, is a complex biological process in primates that takes place throughout a female's life.

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Breast milk

Breast milk is the milk produced by the breasts (or mammary glands) of a human female to feed a child.

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Breast pump

A breast pump is a mechanical device that lactating women use to extract milk from their breasts.

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Breast reduction

Reduction mammoplasty (also breast reduction and reduction mammaplasty) is the plastic surgery procedure for reducing the size of large breasts.

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Breastfeeding difficulties

Breastfeeding difficulties refers to problems that arise from breastfeeding, the feeding of an infant or young child with milk from a woman's breasts.

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Bretonne Pie Noir

The Bretonne Pie Noir is breed of small dairy cattle from Brittany in north-western France.

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Brian MacMahon

Brian MacMahon (23 August 1923 – 5 December 2007) was a British-born United States epidemiologist who chaired the Department of Epidemiology of the Harvard School of Public Health from 1958 until 1988.

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Cabergoline

Cabergoline (brand names Dostinex and others), an ergot derivative, is a potent dopamine receptor agonist on D2 receptors.

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Calcitonin

Calcitonin (also known as thyrocalcitonin) is a 32-amino acid linear polypeptide hormone that is produced in humans primarily by the parafollicular cells (also known as C-cells) of the thyroid gland, and in many other animals in the ultimopharyngeal body.

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Calf

A calf (plural, calves) is the young of domestic cattle.

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Callithrix

Callithrix is a genus of New World monkeys of the family Callitrichidae, the family containing marmosets and tamarins.

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Carora cattle

Carora cattle is a cattle breed developed from cross-breeding the Braunvieh with the Criollo.

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Cat food

Cat food is food for consumption by cats.

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Cave myotis

The cave myotis (Myotis velifer) is a species of vesper bat (Vespertilionidae) in the genus Myotis.

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Chacma baboon

The chacma baboon (Papio ursinus), also known as the Cape baboon, is, like all other baboons, from the Old World monkey family.

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Chinese hare

The Chinese hare (Lepus sinensis) is a species of mammal in the family Leporidae.

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Chlormadinone acetate

Chlormadinone acetate (CMA), sold under the brand names Belara, Lutéran, and Prostal among others, is a progestin and antiandrogen medication which is used in birth control pills to prevent pregnancy, as a component of menopausal hormone therapy, and in the treatment of gynecological disorders as well as androgen-dependent conditions like enlarged prostate and prostate cancer in men and acne and hirsutism in women.

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Cloudnine Hospitals

Cloudnine Group of Hospitals is a chain of maternity, childcare, and fertility hospitals headquartered in Bengaluru, India.

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Cnicus

Cnicus benedictus (St. Benedict's thistle, blessed thistle, holy thistle or spotted thistle), is a thistle-like plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the Mediterranean region, from Portugal north to southern France and east to Iran.

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Coffin birth

Coffin birth, also known as postmortem fetal extrusion,Lasso et al. 2009.

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Collared pika

The collared pika (Ochotona collaris) is a species of mammal in the pika family, Ochotonidae, and part of the order Lagomorpha which comprises rabbits, hares, and pikas.

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Common pipistrelle

The common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) is a small pipistrelle bat whose very large range extends across most of Europe, North Africa, southwestern Asia, and may extend into Korea.

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Cooper's ligaments

Cooper's ligaments (also known as the suspensory ligaments of Cooper and the fibrocollagenous septa) are connective tissue in the breast that help maintain structural integrity.

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Coyote

The coyote (Canis latrans); from Nahuatl) is a canine native to North America. It is smaller than its close relative, the gray wolf, and slightly smaller than the closely related eastern wolf and red wolf. It fills much of the same ecological niche as the golden jackal does in Eurasia, though it is larger and more predatory, and is sometimes called the American jackal by zoologists. The coyote is listed as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature due to its wide distribution and abundance throughout North America, southwards through Mexico, and into Central America. The species is versatile, able to adapt to and expand into environments modified by humans. It is enlarging its range, with coyotes moving into urban areas in the Eastern U.S., and was sighted in eastern Panama (across the Panama Canal from their home range) for the first time in 2013., 19 coyote subspecies are recognized. The average male weighs and the average female. Their fur color is predominantly light gray and red or fulvous interspersed with black and white, though it varies somewhat with geography. It is highly flexible in social organization, living either in a family unit or in loosely knit packs of unrelated individuals. It has a varied diet consisting primarily of animal meat, including deer, rabbits, hares, rodents, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates, though it may also eat fruits and vegetables on occasion. Its characteristic vocalization is a howl made by solitary individuals. Humans are the coyote's greatest threat, followed by cougars and gray wolves. In spite of this, coyotes sometimes mate with gray, eastern, or red wolves, producing "coywolf" hybrids. In the northeastern United States and eastern Canada, the eastern coyote (a larger subspecies, though still smaller than wolves) is the result of various historical and recent matings with various types of wolves. Genetic studies show that most North American wolves contain some level of coyote DNA. The coyote is a prominent character in Native American folklore, mainly in the Southwestern United States and Mexico, usually depicted as a trickster that alternately assumes the form of an actual coyote or a man. As with other trickster figures, the coyote uses deception and humor to rebel against social conventions. The animal was especially respected in Mesoamerican cosmology as a symbol of military might. After the European colonization of the Americas, it was reviled in Anglo-American culture as a cowardly and untrustworthy animal. Unlike wolves (gray, eastern, or red), which have undergone an improvement of their public image, attitudes towards the coyote remain largely negative.

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Crab-eating macaque

The crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis), also known as the long-tailed macaque, is a cercopithecine primate native to Southeast Asia.

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Creep feeding

Creep feeding is a method of supplementing the diet of young livestock, primarily in beef calves, by offering feed to animals who are still nursing.

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Cucurbita argyrosperma

Cucurbita argyrosperma, also the Japanese pie pumpkin or cushaw pumpkin, and silver-seed gourd, is a species of winter squash originally from the south of Mexico.

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Cultural history of the buttocks

Sexualization of the buttocks, especially of the female gender, has occurred throughout history.

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Cyclophosphamide

Cyclophosphamide (CP), also known as cytophosphane among other, is a medication used as chemotherapy and to suppress the immune system.

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Cyproterone acetate

Cyproterone acetate (CPA), sold alone under the brand name Androcur or with ethinylestradiol (EE) under the brand names Diane or Diane-35 among others, is an antiandrogen and progestogen which is used in the treatment of androgen-dependent conditions like acne, excessive hair growth, early puberty, and prostate cancer, as a component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women, and in birth control pills.

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Dairy cattle

Dairy cattle (also called dairy cows) are cattle cows bred for the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made.

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Dairy farming

Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy) for eventual sale of a dairy product.

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Dall's porpoise

Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) is a species of porpoise found only in the North Pacific.

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Dasyuridae

The Dasyuridae are a family of marsupials native to Australia and New Guinea, including 75 living species divided into 21 genera.

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Demodex bovis

Demodex bovis, also known as the cattle follicle mite, usually causes demodicosis, or demodectic mange, in cattle.

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Desogestrel

Desogestrel, sold under the brand names Cerazette and Mircette among many others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills for women.

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Di L'Aquila

The Di L'Aquila or Capra di L'Aquila is an indigenous breed of domestic goat from the province of L'Aquila, in Abruzzo in southern Italy.

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Di Teramo

The Di Teramo is an indigenous breed of domestic goat from the province of Teramo, in Abruzzo in southern Italy, and is raised only in that area.

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Dingo

The dingo (Canis familiaris or Canis familiaris dingo or Canis lupus dingo or Canis dingo) is a type of feral dog native to Australia.

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Disease surveillance in China

Surveillance for communicable diseases is the main public health surveillance activity in China.

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Domperidone

Domperidone, sold under the brand name Motilium among others, is a peripherally selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist that was developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica and is used as an antiemetic, gastroprokinetic agent, and galactagogue.

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Dysphoric milk ejection reflex

Dysphoric milk ejection reflex (D-MER) is an anomaly of the milk release mechanism in lactating women.

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Earless seal

The earless seals, phocids or true seals are one of the three main groups of mammals within the seal lineage, Pinnipedia.

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East Friesian sheep

The East Friesian is a breed of dairy sheep originating from East Frisia in northern Germany.

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Egyptian tomb bat

The Egyptian tomb bat (Taphozous perforatus) is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae.

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Embryonic diapause

Delayed implantation or embryonic diapause is a reproductive strategy used by approximately 100 different mammals in seven or eight different orders.

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Endocrine system

The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system consisting of hormones, the group of glands of an organism that carry those hormones directly into the circulatory system to be carried towards distant target organs, and the feedback loops of homeostasis that the hormones drive.

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Endocrinology

Endocrinology (from endocrine + -ology) is a branch of biology and medicine dealing with the endocrine system, its diseases, and its specific secretions known as hormones.

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Energy consumption

Energy consumption is the amount of energy or power used.

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Eperisone

Eperisone (formulated as the eperisone hydrochloride salt) is an antispasmodic drug.

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Equine nutrition

Equine nutrition is the feeding of horses, ponies, mules, donkeys, and other equines.

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Ergotism

Ergotism (pron.) is the effect of long-term ergot poisoning, traditionally due to the ingestion of the alkaloids produced by the Claviceps purpurea fungus that infects rye and other cereals, and more recently by the action of a number of ergoline-based drugs.

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Erotic lactation

Erotic lactation is sexual arousal by breastfeeding on a woman's breast.

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Estradiol (medication)

Estradiol, also spelled oestradiol, is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone.

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Estrogen

Estrogen, or oestrogen, is the primary female sex hormone.

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Estrogen (medication)

An estrogen is a type of medication which is used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy.

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Estrogen receptor alpha

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), also known as NR3A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen.

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Estrous cycle

The estrous cycle or oestrus cycle (derived from Latin oestrus 'frenzy', originally from Greek οἶστρος oîstros 'gadfly') is the recurring physiological changes that are induced by reproductive hormones in most mammalian therian females.

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Ethics of eating meat

The question of whether it is right to eat non-human animals (henceforth "animals") is among the most prominent topics in food ethics.

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Eumops nanus

Eumops nanus is a species of bat found in Central and South America.

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European mink

The European mink (Mustela lutreola), also known as the Russian mink, and Eurasian mink is a semiaquatic species of mustelid native to Europe.

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European mole

The European mole (Talpa europaea) is a mammal of the order Eulipotyphla.

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Evolution of mammals

The evolution of mammals has passed through many stages since the first appearance of their synapsid ancestors in the late Carboniferous period.

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Evolutionary psychology

Evolutionary psychology is a theoretical approach in the social and natural sciences that examines psychological structure from a modern evolutionary perspective.

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Exemestane

Exemestane, sold under the brand name Aromasin among others, is a medication used to treat breast cancer.

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Extended female sexuality

Extended female sexuality is where the female of a species mates when infertile.

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Fat-tailed dunnart

The fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) is a species of mouse-like marsupial of the Dasyuridae, the family that includes the little red kaluta, quolls, and the Tasmanian devil.

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Female

Female (♀) is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, that produces non-mobile ova (egg cells).

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Festuca arundinacea

Festuca arundinacea (syn., Schedonorus arundinaceus and Lolium arundinaceum) is a species of grass commonly known as tall fescue.

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Fibre supplements

Fibre supplements (or fiber supplements) are considered to be a form of a subgroup of functional dietary fibre, and in the United States are defined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM).

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Fjäll

The Fjäll ('Fjällko' or Svensk Fjällras) is a traditional Swedish breed of polled mountain cattle.

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Fluprednidene acetate

Fluprednidene acetate (trade name Decoderm among others) is a moderately potent glucocorticoid used in form of a cream to treat skin inflammations such as atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis.

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Food policy

Food policy is the area of public policy concerning how food is produced, processed, distributed, and purchased.

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Fork-marked lemur

Fork-marked lemurs or fork-crowned lemurs are strepsirrhine primates; the four species comprise the genus Phaner.

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Frisa Valtellinese

The Frisa Valtellinese is an indigenous breed of domestic goat from the province of Sondrio, in Lombardy in northern Italy.

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Galactagogue

A galactagogue, or galactogogue, (from γάλα, milk, + ἀγωγός, leading) is a substance that promotes lactation in humans and other animals.

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Galactorrhea

Galactorrhea (also spelled galactorrhoea) (galacto- + -rrhea) or lactorrhea (lacto- + -rrhea) is the spontaneous flow of milk from the breast, unassociated with childbirth or nursing.

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Galactose

Galactose (galacto- + -ose, "milk sugar"), sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as sweet as glucose, and about 30% as sweet as sucrose.

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Gallium scan

A gallium scan (also called "gallium imaging") is a type of nuclear medicine test that uses either a gallium-67 (67Ga) or gallium-68 (68Ga) radiopharmaceutical to obtain images of a specific type of tissue, or disease state of tissue.

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George Beatson

Colonel Sir George Thomas Beatson (1848 – 16 February 1933) was a British physician.

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Gestrinone

Gestrinone, sold under the brand names Dimetrose and Nemestran among others, is a medication which is used in the treatment of endometriosis.

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Giant eland

The giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus), also known as the Lord Derby eland, is an open-forest and savanna antelope.

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Giant otter

The giant otter or giant river otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) is a South American carnivorous mammal.

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Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo biloba, commonly known as ginkgo or gingko (both pronounced), also known as the maidenhair tree, is the only living species in the division Ginkgophyta, all others being extinct.

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Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals

The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is an internationally agreed-upon standard managed by the United Nations that was set up to replace the assortment of hazardous material classification and labelling schemes previously used around the world.

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Goat

The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.

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Goat farming

Goat farming is the raising and breeding of domestic goats (Capra aegagrus hircus).

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Golden jackal

The golden jackal (Canis aureus) is a wolf-like canid that is native to Southeast Europe, Southwest Asia, South Asia, and regions of Southeast Asia.

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Golden-crowned sifaka

The golden-crowned sifaka or Tattersall's sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli) is a medium-sized lemur characterized by mostly white fur, prominent furry ears, and a golden-orange crown.

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Gossypium herbaceum

Gossypium herbaceum, commonly known as Levant cotton, is a species of cotton native to the semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa and Arabia where it still grows in the wild as a perennial shrub.

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Gray bat

The gray bat (Myotis grisescens) once flourished in caves all over the southeastern United States, but due to human disturbance, gray bat populations declined severely during the early and mid portion of the 20th century.

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Gray-handed night monkey

The gray-handed night monkey (Aotus griseimembra) is a species of night monkey formerly considered a subspecies of Gray-bellied night monkey of the family Aotidae.

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Grévy's zebra

The Grévy's zebra (Equus grevyi), also known as the imperial zebra, is the largest living wild equid and the largest and most threatened of the three species of zebra, the other two being the plains zebra and the mountain zebra.

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Greater long-nosed bat

The greater long-nosed bat or Mexican long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris nivalis) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae.

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Greater noctule bat

The greater noctule bat (Nyctalus lasiopterus) is a rare bat found in Europe, West Asia, and North Africa.

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Greater spear-nosed bat

The greater spear-nosed bat (Phyllostomus hastatus) is a bat species of the family Phyllostomidae from South and Central America.

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Guadeloupe big brown bat

The Guadeloupe big brown bat (Eptesicus guadeloupensis) is a species of vesper bat.

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Guadeloupe big-eyed bat

The Guadeloupe big-eyed bat (Chiroderma improvisum) is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae.

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Hanwoo

The Hanwoo (한우), also Hanu or Korean Native, is a breed of small cattle native to Korea.

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Hard keeper

A hard keeper or (British English) poor doer is a horse or other livestock animal that is naturally prone to be thin, will lose weight quickly, and has difficulty gaining weight.

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Hard palate

The hard palate is a thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of the mouth.

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Hatt's vesper rat

Hatt's vesper rat (Otonyctomys hatti), also known as the Yucatán vesper rat, is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae.

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Henry Friesen

Henry George Friesen, (born July 31, 1934) is a Canadian endocrinologist, a distinguished professor emeritus of the University of Manitoba and the discoverer of human prolactin, a hormone which stimulates lactation in mammary glands.

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Hexestrol dipropionate

Hexestrol dipropionate (brand name Hexanoestrol, Retalon Oleosum), or hexestrol dipropanoate, is a synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen of the stilbestrol group related to diethylstilbestrol.

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History of birth control

The history of birth control, also known as contraception and fertility control, refers to the methods or devices that have been historically used to prevent pregnancy.

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Holoprosencephaly

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a cephalic disorder in which the prosencephalon (the forebrain of the embryo) fails to develop into two hemispheres.

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Holstein Friesian cattle

Holstein Friesians (often shortened to Holsteins in North America, while the term Friesians is often used in the UK) are a breed of dairy cattle originating from the Dutch provinces of North Holland and Friesland, and Schleswig-Holstein in Northern Germany and Jutland.

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Honduran white bat

The Honduran white bat (Ectophylla alba), also called the Caribbean white tent-making bat, is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomatidae.

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Hooded seal

The hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) is a large phocid found only in the central and western North Atlantic, ranging from Svalbard in the east to the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the west.

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Hormone

A hormone (from the Greek participle “ὁρμῶ”, "to set in motion, urge on") is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.

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Horse breeding

Horse breeding is reproduction in horses, and particularly the human-directed process of selective breeding of animals, particularly purebred horses of a given breed.

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Human

Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.

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Human behavioral ecology

Human behavioral ecology (HBE) or human evolutionary ecology applies the principles of evolutionary theory and optimization to the study of human behavioral and cultural diversity.

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Human bonding

Human bonding is the process of development of a close, interpersonal relationship between two or more people.

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Human iron metabolism

Human iron metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that maintain human homeostasis of iron at the systemic and cellular level.

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Human mating strategies

In evolutionary psychology and behavioral ecology, human mating strategies are a set of behaviors used by individuals to attract, select, and retain mates.

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Human placental lactogen

Human placental lactogen (hPL), also called human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS), is a polypeptide placental hormone, the human form of placental lactogen (chorionic somatomammotropin).

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Human reproduction

Human reproduction is any form of sexual reproduction resulting in human fertilization, typically involving sexual intercourse between a man and a woman.

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Human reproductive system

The human reproductive system usually involves internal fertilization by sexual intercourse.

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Human skin

The human skin is the outer covering of the body.

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Human skin color

Human skin color ranges in variety from the darkest brown to the lightest hues.

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Hyperprolactinaemia

Hyperprolactinemia or hyperprolactinaemia is the presence of abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood.

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Hypoestrogenism

Hypoestrogenism, or estrogen deficiency, refers to a lower than normal level of estrogen, the primary sex hormone in women.

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Hypopituitarism

Hypopituitarism is the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain.

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Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis

The hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis (HPP axis), also known as the hypothalamic–pituitary–mammary axis or hypothalamic–pituitary–breast axis, is a hypothalamic–pituitary axis which includes the secretion of prolactin (PRL; luteotropin) from the lactotrophs of the pituitary gland into the circulation and the subsequent action of prolactin on tissues such as, particularly, the mammary glands or breasts.

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ICD-10 Chapter XV: Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium

ICD-10 is an international statistical classification used in health care and related industries.

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Impala

The impala; (Aepyceros melampus) is a medium-sized antelope found in eastern and southern Africa.

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Index of anatomy articles

Articles related to anatomy include.

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Index of human sexuality articles

Human sexuality covers a broad range of topics, including the physiological, psychological, social, cultural, political, philosophical, ethical, moral, theological, legal and spiritual or religious aspects of sex and human sexual behavior.

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Infanticide (zoology)

In animals, infanticide involves the killing of young offspring by a mature animal of the same species, and is studied in zoology, specifically in the field of ethology.

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Infanticide in rodents

Infanticide is the termination of a neonate after it has been born, and in zoology this is often the termination or consumption of newborn animals by either a parent or an unrelated adult.

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Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor

The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor is a protein found on the surface of human cells.

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Intercostal nerves

The intercostal nerves are part of the somatic nervous system, and arise from the anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11.

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Iodine

Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53.

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Ipanema bat

The Ipanema bat (Pygoderma bilabiatum), is a bat species of order Chiroptera and family Phyllostomidae.

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Itopride

Itopride (INN) (brand name Ganaton) is a prokinetic benzamide derivative unlike metoclopramide or domperidone.

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John Birkett (surgeon)

John Birkett, F.R.C.S. F.L.S. (1815–1904) was an English surgeon and member of the Linnean Society of London who was an early specialist on breast disease, including breast cancer, and an early advocate of histology.

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John Speakman

Jonathan Roger Speakman (born 1958) is a British biologist working at the University of Aberdeen, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, for which he was Director from 2007 to 2011.

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Kalahari Meerkat Project

The Kalahari Meerkat Project, or KMP, is a long term research project focused on studying the evolutionary causes and ecological consequences of cooperative behaviors in meerkats.

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Kangaroo care

Kangaroo care or kangaroo mother care (KMC), sometimes called skin-to-skin care, is a technique of newborn care where babies are kept skin-to-skin with a parent, typically their mother.

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KCNE2

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 2 (KCNE2), also known as MinK-related peptide 1 (MiRP1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNE2 gene on chromosome 21.

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Ketonuria

Ketonuria is a medical condition in which ketone bodies are present in the urine.

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Koala

The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus, or, inaccurately, koala bear) is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial native to Australia.

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Lactate

Lactate may refer to.

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Lactation suppression

Lactation suppression refers to the act of suppressing lactation by medication or other non pharmaceutical means.

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Lactiferous duct

Lactiferous ducts are those ducts that converge and form a branched system connecting the nipple to the lobules of the mammary gland.

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Lactivism

Lactivism (a portmanteau of "lactation" and "activism") is the doctrine or practice of vigorous action or involvement as a means of achieving a breastfeeding culture, sometimes by demonstrations, protests, etc.

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Laddu

Laddu or laddoo are sphere-shaped sweets originated in the Indian subcontinent.

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Larrea divaricata

Larrea divaricata, commonly known as chaparral, is a small evergreen bush in the family Zygophyllaceae.

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Late effect

In medicine, a late effect is a condition that appears after the acute phase of an earlier, causal condition has run its course.

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Lemur

Lemurs are a clade of strepsirrhine primates endemic to the island of Madagascar.

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Lewisia

Lewisia is a plant genus, named for explorer Meriwether Lewis, who encountered the species in 1806.

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List of adverse effects of trazodone

This is a list of adverse effects of the antidepressant trazodone, sorted by frequency of occurrence.

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List of Greek and Latin roots in English/L

Category:Lists of words.

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List of human endocrine organs and actions

The pituitary gland (or hypophysis) is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing in humans.

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List of human hormones

The following is a list of hormones found in Homo sapiens.

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List of ICD-9 codes 630–679: complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium

An ICD-9 list of codes for complications of pregnancy.

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List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes

This is a list of roots, suffixes, and prefixes used in medical terminology, their meanings, and their etymology.

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List of MeSH codes (G08)

The following is a list of the "G" codes for MeSH.

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List of plants used in herbalism

This is a list of plants used or formerly used as herbal medicine.

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List of Prehistoric Park episodes

The following is a list of episodes of Prehistoric Park.

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List of The Chaser's War on Everything episodes

The following is a list of episodes of the Australian satirical television comedy series The Chaser's War on Everything.

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List of transitional fossils

This is a tentative partial list of transitional fossils (fossil remains of groups that exhibits both "primitive" and derived traits).

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Lithopedion

A lithopedion – also spelled lithopaedion or lithopædion – (λίθος.

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Little yellow bat

The little yellow bat (Rhogeessa parvula) is a species of vesper bat.

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Long-term effects of alcohol consumption

The long-term effects of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular diseaseAssociation of alcohol consumption with selected cardiovascular disease outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Long-tongued nectar bat

The long-tongued nectar bat (Macroglossus minimus), also known as the northern blossom bat, honey nectar bat, least blossom-bat, dagger-toothed long-nosed fruit bat, and lesser long-tongued fruit bat, is a species of megabat.

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Lophophora

Lophophora is a genus of spineless, button-like cacti native to Texas from Presidio county (Big Bend National Park) south right along the Rio Grande river to Starr County, Texas.

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Lourdaise

The Lourdaise is an endangered French breed of domestic cattle.

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Low milk supply

In breastfeeding women, low milk supply, also known as lactation insufficiency, insufficient milk syndrome, agalactia, agalactorrhea, hypogalactia or hypogalactorrhea, is the production of breast milk in daily volumes that do not fully meet the nutritional needs of her infant.

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Luna (killer whale)

Luna (September 19, 1999 – March 10, 2006) also known as L98 or Tsu'xiit, was a killer whale (orca) born in Puget Sound.

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Lupinus albifrons

Lupinus albifrons, silver lupine, white-leaf bush lupine, or evergreen lupine, is a species of lupine (lupin).

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Malagasy cuisine

Malagasy cuisine encompasses the many diverse culinary traditions of the Indian Ocean island of Madagascar.

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Male lactation

In zoology, male lactation is the production of milk from a male mammal's mammary glands in the presence of physiological stimuli connected with nursing infants.

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Mammal

Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.

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Mammaliaformes

Mammaliaformes ("mammal-shaped") is a clade that contains the crown group mammals and their closest extinct relatives; the group radiated from earlier probainognathian cynodonts.

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Mammary alveolus

A mammary alveolus (plural: alveoli, from Latin alveolus, "little cavity") is a small cavity or sac found in the mammary gland.

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Mammary gland

A mammary gland is an exocrine gland in mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring.

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Mammary ridge

The mammary ridge or mammary crest, is a primordium specific for the development of the mammary gland.

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Mammoplasia

Mammoplasia is the normal or spontaneous enlargement of human breasts.

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Mare

A mare is an adult female horse or other equine.

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Mare milk

Mare milk is a milk secreted by female horses, known as mares, during lactation to feed their foals.

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Marilyn Renfree

Marilyn Bernice Renfree (born 19 April 1947) is an Australian zoologist.

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Mastopexy

Mastopexy (Greek μαστός mastos “breast” + -pēxiā “affix”) is the plastic surgery mammoplasty procedure for raising sagging breasts upon the chest of the woman; by changing and modifying the size, contour, and elevation of the breasts.

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Mate choice

Mate choice, also known as intersexual selection, is an evolutionary process in which selection is dependent on the attractiveness of an individual's phenotypic traits.

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Maternal bond

A maternal bond is the relationship between a mother and her child.

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Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy

Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy are the adaptations during pregnancy that a woman’s body undergoes to accommodate the growing embryo or fetus.

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Maternal transfer in aquatic mammals

In aquatic mammals, maternal transfer is the movement of contaminants from mother to offspring, typically of lipophilic contaminants while in utero or through the mother’s milk.

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Maureen Dowd

Maureen Brigid Dowd (born January 14, 1952) is an American columnist for The New York Times, and an author.

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Meerkat

The meerkat or suricate (Suricata suricatta) is a small carnivoran belonging to the mongoose family (Herpestidae).

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Menopause

Menopause, also known as the climacteric, is the time in most women's lives when menstrual periods stop permanently, and they are no longer able to bear children.

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Menorquina cattle

The Menorquina is an endangered breed of cattle from the Mediterranean island of Menorca, in the Spanish autonomous community of the Balearic Islands.

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Menstruation

Menstruation, also known as a period or monthly, is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue (known as menses) from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina.

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Mental health in the Middle East

The study of mental health in the Middle East is an area of research that continues to grow in its scope and content.

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Merotocin

Merotocin (INN) (developmental code name FE-202767), also known as carba-1-(4-FBzlGly7)dOT, is a peptidic agonist of the oxytocin receptor that was derived from oxytocin.

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Messinese goat

The Messinese is an indigenous breed of domestic goat from the area of the Monti Nebrodi and the Monti Peloritani in the province of Messina, in the Mediterranean island of Sicily, in southern Italy.

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Metoclopramide

Metoclopramide is a medication used mostly for stomach and esophageal problems.

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Michel Odent

Michel Odent is a French obstetrician and childbirth specialist.

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Mico (genus)

Mico is a genus of New World monkeys of the family Callitrichidae, the family containing marmosets and tamarins.

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Milk

Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.

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Milk fever

Milk fever, postparturient hypocalcemia, or parturient paresis is a disease, primarily in dairy cattle, but also seen in beef cattle, characterized by reduced blood calcium levels (see: Hypocalcemia).

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Milk Money (anime)

is a hentai series featuring a woman named Kyoko who, to relieve herself of the pain of her unsuckled milk after losing her infant son in a fatal car accident, takes a job as a wet nurse, but is quickly fired when it's found out that she has gotten a bit too close to one of her clients.

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Milk shark

The milk shark (Rhizoprionodon acutus) is a species of requiem shark, and part of the family Carcharhinidae, whose common name comes from an Indian belief that consumption of its meat promotes lactation.

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Miniopterus aelleni

Miniopterus aelleni is a bat in the genus Miniopterus that occurs on Anjouan in the Comoros and in northern and western Madagascar.

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Minke whale

The minke whale, or lesser rorqual, is a type of baleen whale.

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Moose milk

Moose milk, also known as elk milk, refers to milk produced by moose (Alces alces).

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Morganucodon

Morganucodon ("Glamorgan tooth") is an early mammaliaform genus that lived during the late Triassic period.

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Mother

A mother is the female parent of a child.

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Motherisk

Motherisk was a clinical and research program at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, established in 1985 as a teratogen information service to provide evidence-based safety information on exposures in pregnancy and lactation.

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Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis

Breast cancer metastatic mouse models are experimental approaches in which mice are genetically manipulated to develop a mammary tumor leading to distant focal lesions of mammary epithelium.

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Mua people

Mua people (Mualgal) alternatively the Moa, are an indigenous Australian Torres Strait Island people based on Moa(Banks Island).

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Muisjes

Muisjes (translated little mice) are a traditional Dutch sandwich topping.

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Murcia-Granada

The Murcia-Granada breed of goat, also known as Murciano Granadina, originated in the semi arid areas in south eastern Spain (in Murcia, Almería, Granada, and Alicante).

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Muromonab-CD3

Muromonab-CD3 (trade name Orthoclone OKT3, marketed by Janssen-Cilag) is an immunosuppressant drug given to reduce acute rejection in patients with organ transplants.

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Napoletana goat

The Napoletana is a breed of domestic goat from the area south of Naples, in Campania in southern Italy.

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Narlaprevir

Narlaprevir (trade name Arlansa, codenamed SCH 900518), is an inhibitor of NS3/4A serine protease, intended for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C caused by genotype 1 virus) in combination with other antiviral drugs. Narlaprevir is the first Russian tableted medication for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.

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Næturvaktin

Næturvaktin (English: The Night Shift) is an Icelandic television show.

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Neoromicia malagasyensis

Neoromicia malagasyensis is a vespertilionid bat of Madagascar in the genus Neoromicia.

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Neuroendocrinology

Neuroendocrinology is the branch of biology (specifically of physiology) which studies the interaction between the nervous system and the endocrine system, that is how the brain regulates the hormonal activity in the body.

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New Zealand rabbit

The New Zealand is a breed of rabbit, which despite the name, is American in origin.

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Nili-Ravi

The Nili-Ravi is a breed of domestic water buffalo.

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Nipple

The nipple is a raised region of tissue on the surface of the breast from which milk leaves the breast through the lactiferous ducts.

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Nipple bleb

A nipple bleb is a blister on the nipple that can be filled with serous fluid or another fluid.

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Nipple piercing

A nipple piercing is a body piercing, centered usually at the base of the nipple.

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Normande

The Normande is a breed of dairy cattle from the Normandy region of north-west France.

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Nuakea

Nuakea was a High Chiefess in Ancient Hawaii, who was a Princess of Ookinaahu island by birth and became Queen of Molokaokinai, another Hawaiian island.

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Nuakea (deity)

In Hawaiian mythology, Nuakea is a beneficent goddess of milk and lactation.

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Nursing bra

A nursing bra is a specialized brassiere that provides additional support to women who are lactating and permits comfortable breastfeeding without the need to remove the bra.

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Nutriepigenomics

Nutriepigenomics is the study of food nutrients and their effects on human health through epigenetic modifications.

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Oberhasli goat

The Oberhasli is a modern American breed of dairy goat.

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Oily fish

Oily fish have oil in their tissues and in the belly cavity around the gut.

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Olfactory memory

Olfactory memory refers to the recollection of odors.

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Omura's whale

Omura's whale or the dwarf fin whale (Balaenoptera omurai) is a species of rorqual about which very little is known.

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Opipramol

Opipramol, sold under the brand name Insidon among others, is an anxiolytic and antidepressant which is used throughout Europe.

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Orangutan

The orangutans (also spelled orang-utan, orangutang, or orang-utang) are three extant species of great apes native to Indonesia and Malaysia.

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Outer Dark

Outer Dark is the second novel by American writer Cormac McCarthy, published in 1968.

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Outline of obstetrics

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to obstetrics: Obstetrics – medical specialty dealing with the care of all women's reproductive tracts and their children during pregnancy (prenatal period), childbirth and the postnatal period.

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Ovo-lacto vegetarianism

An ovo-lacto vegetarian or lacto-ovo vegetarian is a vegetarian who does not eat meat, but does consume some animal products such as eggs and dairy.

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Oxytocin

Oxytocin (Oxt) is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide.

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Oxytocin (medication)

Oxytocin, sold under the brand name Pitocin among others, is a medication made from the peptide oxytocin.

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Panamanian night monkey

The Panamanian night monkey or Chocoan night monkey (Aotus zonalis) is a species of night monkey formerly considered a subspecies of the gray-bellied night monkey of the family Aotidae.

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Pangolin trade

The pangolin trade is the illegal poaching, trafficking, and sale of pangolins, parts of pangolins, or pangolin-derived products.

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Paraphilic infantilism

Paraphilic infantilism, also known as autonepiophilia, psychosexual infantilism, and adult baby syndrome is a sexual fetish that involves role-playing a regression to an infant-like state.

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Parental brain

Parental experience, as well as changing hormone levels during pregnancy and postpartum, cause changes in the parental brain.

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Parental care

Parental care is a behavioural and evolutionary strategy adopted by some animals, making a parental investment into the evolutionary fitness of their offspring.

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Parental investment

Parental investment (PI), in evolutionary biology and evolutionary psychology, is any parental expenditure (time, energy, etc.) that benefits one offspring at a cost to parents' ability to invest in other components of fitness,Clutton-Brock, T.H. 1991.

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Parent–offspring conflict

Parent–offspring conflict (POC) is an expression coined in 1974 by Robert Trivers.

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Pat Shelly

Pat Shelly is the founder and director of The Breastfeeding Center for Greater Washington, a non-profit organization in Northwest Washington, DC, and leading breastfeeding activist.

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Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve

Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve (Печоро-Илычский заповедник, Pechoro-Ilychsky zapovednik) is a nature reserve in the Komi Republic, Russia.

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Pentoxyverine

Pentoxyverine (rINN) or carbetapentane is an antitussive (cough suppressant) commonly used for cough associated with illnesses like common cold.

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Perforating branches of internal thoracic artery

The perforating branches of the internal thoracic artery pierce through the internal intercostal muscles of the superior six intercostal spaces.

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Perindopril/indapamide

Perindopril/indapamide (marketed as Preterax and Noliprel) is a combination medication which contains perindopril (an ACE inhibitor) and indapamide (a thiazide-like diuretic) both of which are used for the treatment of essential hypertension (high blood pressure).

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Persin

Persin is a fungicidal toxin present in the avocado.

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Pharmacology of bicalutamide

The pharmacology of bicalutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA), has been well-characterized.

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Physical activity level

The physical activity level (PAL) is a way to express a person's daily physical activity as a number, and is used to estimate a person's total energy expenditure.

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Pie Rouge des Plaines

The Pie Rouge des Plaines is a modern French breed of dairy cattle.

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Pinc

Pinc (pregnancy induced noncoding RNA) is a long non-coding RNA.

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Pioglitazone

Pioglitazone (brand name Actos) is a prescription drug of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class with hypoglycemic (antihyperglycemic, antidiabetic) action to treat diabetes.

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Pituitary adenoma

Pituitary adenomas are tumors that occur in the pituitary gland.

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Pituitary gland

An explanation of the development of the pituitary gland (Hypophysis cerebri) & the congenital anomalies. In vertebrate anatomy, the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing in humans.

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Polyestradiol phosphate

Polyestradiol phosphate (PEP), sold under the brand name Estradurin, is a medication which is used primarily in the treatment of prostate cancer in men.

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Positive feedback

Positive feedback is a process that occurs in a feedback loop in which the effects of a small disturbance on a system include an increase in the magnitude of the perturbation.

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Posterior pituitary

The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland which is part of the endocrine system.

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Pregabalin

Pregabalin, marketed under the brand name Lyrica among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and generalized anxiety disorder.

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Prenatal vitamins

Prenatal vitamins are vitamin and mineral supplements intended to be taken before and during pregnancy and during postnatal lactation.

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Progesterone

Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.

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Progesterone (medication)

Progesterone is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone.

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Progestogen

Progestogens, also sometimes spelled progestagens or gestagens, are a class of steroid hormones that bind to and activate the progesterone receptor (PR).

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Prolactin

Prolactin (PRL), also known as luteotropic hormone or luteotropin, is a protein that is best known for its role in enabling mammals, usually females, to produce milk.

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Propranolol

Propranolol, sold under the brand name Inderal among others, is a medication of the beta blocker type. It is used to treat high blood pressure, a number of types of irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, performance anxiety, and essential tremors. It is used to prevent migraine headaches, and to prevent further heart problems in those with angina or previous heart attacks. It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein. The formulation that is taken by mouth comes in short-acting and long-acting versions. Propranolol appears in the blood after 30 minutes and has a maximum effect between 60 and 90 minutes when taken by mouth. Common side effects include nausea, abdominal pain, and constipation. It should not be used in those with an already slow heart rate and most of those with heart failure. Quickly stopping the medication in those with coronary artery disease may worsen symptoms. It may worsen the symptoms of asthma. Caution is recommended in those with liver or kidney problems. Propranolol may cause harmful effects in the baby if taken during pregnancy. Its use during breastfeeding is probably safe, but the baby should be monitored for side effects. It is a non-selective beta blocker which works by blocking β-adrenergic receptors. Propranolol was discovered in 1964. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Propranolol is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 0.24 and 2.16 per month as of 2014. In the United States it costs about $15 per month at a typical dose.

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Pseudopregnancy

Pseudopregnancy is the term used to describe a false pregnancy in the wider mammalian species.

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Psychiatric disorders of childbirth

Psychiatric disorders of childbirth are mental disorders developed by the mother related to the delivery process itself.

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Pteropus

Bats of the genus Pteropus (suborder Yinpterochiroptera) are among the largest bats in the world.

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Ptosis (breasts)

Female breast ptosis or sagging is a natural consequence of aging.

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Pulsatilla

The genus Pulsatilla contains about 33 species of herbaceous perennials native to meadows and prairies of North America, Europe, and Asia.

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Puppy

A puppy is a juvenile dog.

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Pygmy slow loris

The pygmy slow loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus) is a species of slow loris found east of the Mekong River in Vietnam, Laos, eastern Cambodia, and China.

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Quercetin

Quercetin, a plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols, is found in many fruits, vegetables, leaves, and grains; red onions and kale are common foods containing appreciable content of quercetin.

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Raccoon

The raccoon (or, Procyon lotor), sometimes spelled racoon, also known as the common raccoon, North American raccoon, or northern raccoon, is a medium-sized mammal native to North America.

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Raccoon dog

The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides, from the Greek words nukt-, "night" + ereutēs, "wanderer" + prokuōn, "before-dog" + -oidēs, "similar to"), also known as the mangut (its Evenki name) is a canid indigenous to East Asia.

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Red fox

The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic Circle to North Africa, North America and Eurasia.

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Reproductive system

The reproductive system or genital system is a system of sex organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of sexual reproduction.

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Roccaverano goat

The Roccaverano is an indigenous breed of large domestic goat from the Langhe, in the provinces of Asti and Cuneo, in Piemonte in north-western Italy.

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Rossa Mediterranea

The Rossa Mediterranea is a breed of domestic goat from the Mediterranean island of Sicily, in southern Italy.

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Rotolactor

The Rotolactor is the first invention for milking a large number of cows successively and largely automatically, using a rotating platform.

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Ruffed lemur

The ruffed lemurs of the genus Varecia are strepsirrhine primates and the largest extant lemurs within the family Lemuridae.

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Rustica di Calabria

The Rustica di Calabria or Sciara is an indigenous breed of domestic goat from Calabria in southern Italy.

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Saanen goat

The Saanen, 'Saanenziege', 'Chèvre de Gessenay', is a Swiss breed of domestic goat.

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Sea otter

The sea otter (Enhydra lutris) is a marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean.

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Sex differences in human physiology

Sex differences in human physiology are distinctions of physiological characteristics associated with either male or female humans.

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Sexual desire

Sexual desire is a motivational state and an interest in “sexual objects or activities, or as a wish, or drive to seek out sexual objects or to engage in sexual activities”.

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Shrew

A shrew (family Soricidae) is a small mole-like mammal classified in the order Eulipotyphla.

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Siberian weasel

The Siberian weasel (Mustela sibirica) is a medium-sized weasel native to Asia, where it is widely distributed and inhabits various forest habitats and open areas.

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Singing vole

The singing vole (Microtus miurus), is a medium-sized vole found in northwestern North America, including Alaska and northwestern Canada.

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Social monogamy in mammalian species

Monogamous pairing refers to a general relationship between an adult male and an adult female for the purpose of sexual reproduction.

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Sojat goat

Sojat goats originate from Rajasthan in India.

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Soviet Heavy Draft

The Soviet Heavy Draft is a Russian breed of heavy draft horse.

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Sperm whale

The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) or cachalot is the largest of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator.

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Stoat

The stoat (Mustela erminea), also known as the short-tailed weasel or simply the weasel in Ireland where the least weasel does not occur, is a mammal of the genus Mustela of the family Mustelidae native to Eurasia and North America, distinguished from the least weasel by its larger size and longer tail with a prominent black tip.

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Strix (mythology)

Strix (pl. striges or strixes), in the mythology of classical antiquity, was a bird of ill omen, the product of metamorphosis, that fed on human flesh and blood.

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Strongylida

The Strongylida suborder includes many of the important nematodes found in the gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants, horses, and swine, as well as the lungworms of ruminants and the hookworms of dogs and cats.

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Suckling (disambiguation)

*Suckling may refer to the process of lactation in which all mammals provide milk for their young.

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Sucrase

Sucrase is a digestive enzyme secreted in the small intestine.

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Summary of Product Characteristics

The Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC or SmPC) is a specific document required within the European Commission before any medicinal product or biocidal product is authorized for marketing.

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Supraoptic nucleus

The supraoptic nucleus (SON) is a nucleus of magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus of the mammalian brain.

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Swiss Holstein

The Swiss Holstein is the Swiss variant of the international Holstein-Friesian breed of dairy cattle.

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Tammar wallaby

The tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), also known as the dama wallaby or darma wallaby, is a small macropod native to South and Western Australia.

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Telfairia pedata

Telfairia pedata, commonly known as oysternut (alternately spelled as 'oyster nut', etc. N O T E: if link has expired, search for Telfairia pedata at), queen's nut, Zanzibar oilvine (alternately spelled as 'oil vine', etc.), is a dioecious African liana which can grow up to 30 metres long, having purple-pink fringed flowers, and very large (30–90 cm × 15–25 cm), many-seeded, drooping, ellipsoid berries which can weigh up to 15 kg (though one old source from 1882 claimed up to 60 lbs).

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Teniposide

Teniposide (trade name Vumon) is a chemotherapeutic medication used in the treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), Hodgkin's lymphoma, certain brain tumours, and other types of cancer.

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The Tit and the Moon

The Tit and the Moon (La Teta y la luna) is a 1994 Spanish/French film, directed by Bigas Luna.

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Thomas R. Insel

Thomas Roland Insel (born October 19, 1951) is an American neuroscientist and psychiatrist who led the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) from 2002 until November 2015.

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Tioguanine

Tioguanine, also known as thioguanine or 6-thioguanine (6-TG) is a medication used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

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Total mixed ration

Total mixed ration (TMR) is a method of feeding dairy cattle.

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Toxocara canis

Toxocara canis (also known as dog roundworm) is worldwide-distributed helminth parasite of dogs and other canids.

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Tramadol

Tramadol, sold under the brand name Ultram among others, is an opioid pain medication used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain.

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Transgender hormone therapy (male-to-female)

Transgender hormone therapy of the male-to-female (MTF) type, also known as feminizing hormone therapy, is a form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and sex reassignment therapy which is used to change the secondary sexual characteristics of transgender people from masculine (or androgynous) to feminine.

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Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate

Tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl)phosphate (TDCPP) is a chlorinated organophosphate. Organophosphate chemicals have a wide variety of applications and are used as flame retardants, pesticides, plasticizers, and nerve gases. TDCPP is structurally similar to several other organophosphate flame retardants, such as tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris(chloropropyl)phosphate (TCPP). TDCPP and these other chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants are all sometimes referred to as "chlorinated tris".

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Trowbridge's shrew

Trowbridge's shrew (Sorex trowbridgii) is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae.

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Tuberoinfundibular pathway

The tuberoinfundibular pathway refers to a population of dopamine neurons that project from the arcuate nucleus (the "infundibular nucleus") in the tuberal region of the hypothalamus to the median eminence.

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Turing Pharmaceuticals

Turing Pharmaceuticals is a pharmaceutical company incorporated in Zug, Switzerland, with offices in New York City.

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Underwire bra

An underwire bra (also under wire bra, under-wire bra, or underwired bra) is a brassiere that utilizes a thin, semi-circular strip of rigid material fitted inside the brassiere fabric.

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UNESCO Science Prize

The UNESCO Science Prize is a biennial scientific prize awarded by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to "a person or group of persons for an outstanding contribution they have made to the technological development of a developing member state or region through the application of scientific and technological research (particularly in the fields of education, engineering and industrial development)." The candidates for the Science Prize are proposed to the Director-General of UNESCO by the governments of member states or by non-governmental organizations.

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Vaginal lubrication

Vaginal lubrication is a naturally produced fluid that lubricates a woman's vagina.

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Valdostana Pezzata Nera

The Valdostana Pezzata Nera is an Italian breed of cattle from Valle d'Aosta region in north-western Italy.

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Valdostana Pezzata Rossa

The Valdostana Pezzata Rossa is an Italian breed of cattle from Valle d'Aosta region in north-western Italy.

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Vegan nutrition

Vegan nutrition refers to the nutritional aspects of vegan diets – diets which include no animal products.

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Veganism

Veganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.

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Vegetarianism

Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.

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Visitor Q

is a 2001 black comedy/drama-horror film directed by Japanese director Takashi Miike.

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Vitamin A deficiency

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) or hypovitaminosis A is a lack of vitamin A in blood and tissues.

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Waco (miniseries)

Waco is an American television miniseries based on the Waco siege that premiered on the Paramount Network on January 24, 2018.

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Welcome to Holland

"Welcome to Holland" is a prominent essay, written in 1987 by American author and social activist Emily Perl Kingsley, about having a child with a disability.

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Wet nurse

A wet nurse is a woman who breast feeds and cares for another's child.

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Wild boar

The wild boar (Sus scrofa), also known as the wild swine,Heptner, V. G.; Nasimovich, A. A.; Bannikov, A. G.; Hoffman, R. S. (1988), Volume I, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, pp.

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Wildcat

The wildcat is a small cat species complex comprising ''Felis silvestris'' and the ''Felis lybica''.

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Wolverine

The wolverine (also spelled wolverene), Gulo gulo (Gulo is Latin for "glutton"), also referred to as the glutton, carcajou, skunk bear, or quickhatch, is the largest land-dwelling species of the family Mustelidae.

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Women in ancient Rome

Freeborn women in ancient Rome were citizens (cives), but could not vote or hold political office.

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Women in the Middle Ages

Women in the Middle Ages occupied a number of different social roles.

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World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action

The World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action (WABA) is a network of people working on a global scale to eliminate obstacles to breastfeeding and to act on the Innocenti Declaration.

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Redirects here:

Female lactation, Galactopoiesis, Human lactation, Induced lactation, Lactating, Lactation reflex, Lactific, Lactosis, Let down reflex, Let-down reflex, Letting down, Milk ejection reflex, Milk let-down reflex, Milk letdown reflex, Milk secretion, Relactate, Relactation.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactation

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