Landgrave

Landgrave (landgraaf, Landgraf; lantgreve, landgrave; comes magnus, comes patriae, comes provinciae, comes terrae, comes principalis, lantgravius) was a noble title used in the Holy Roman Empire, and later on in its former territories. ^[1]

Adolph, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld

Adolph, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (29 June 1743 in Ypres – 17 July 1803 in Barchfeld) was a member of the House of Hesse.

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Albert I of Germany

Albert I of Habsburg (Albrecht I.) (July 12551 May 1308), the eldest son of King Rudolf I of Germany and his first wife Gertrude of Hohenburg, was a Duke of Austria and Styria from 1282 and King of Germany from 1298 until his assassination.

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Alexander, Count of Schönburg-Glauchau

Alexander, Count of Schönburg-Glauchau (born August 15, 1969 in Mogadishu, Somalia), known generally and professionally as Alexander von Schönburg, is a German journalist and writer.

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Alexis, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld

Alexis William Ernest Philip of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (Alexis Wilhelm Ernst von Hessen-Philippsthal-Barchfeld.; 13 September 1829 in Burgsteinfurt – 16 August 1905 in Herleshausen) was the last ruling Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld.

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Almanach de Gotha

The Almanach de Gotha (Gothaischer Hofkalender) was a directory of Europe's royalty and higher nobility, also including the major governmental, military and diplomatic corps, as well as statistical data by country.

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Anna Magdalena of Hanau-Lichtenberg

Countess Anna Magdalena von Hanau-Lichtenberg (14 December 1600 in Bouxwiller – 22 February 1673), was a daughter of Count Johann Reinhard I of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1569–1625) and Countess Maria Elisabeth of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim (1576–1605).

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Bad Homburg vor der Höhe

Bad Homburg vor der Höhe is the district town of the Hochtaunuskreis, Hesse, Germany, on the southern slope of the Taunus, bordering among others Frankfurt am Main and Oberursel.

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Bad Wildungen

Bad Wildungen, officially the City of Bad Wildungen (German: Stadt Bad Wildungen), is a state-run spa and a small town in Waldeck-Frankenberg district in Hesse, Germany.

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Baerenthal

Baerenthal (Lorraine Franconian: Bäredal) is a commune in the Moselle department of the Grand Est administrative region in north-eastern France.

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Baltringer Haufen

The Baltringer Haufen (also spelled Baltringer Haufe, German for Baltringen Band, Baltringen Troop or Baltringen Mob) was prominent among several armed groups of peasants and craftsmen during the German Peasants' War of 1524–1525.

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Battle of Dessau Bridge

The Battle of Dessau Bridge was a significant battle of the Thirty Years' War between Danish Protestants and the Imperial German Catholic forces on the Elbe River outside Dessau, Germany on April 25, 1626.

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Bavarian Circle

The Bavarian Circle (Bayerischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Büttelborn

Büttelborn is a community in Groß-Gerau district in Hesse, Germany.

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Becherbach (Bad Kreuznach)

Becherbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Bergfried

A bergfried (plural: bergfrieds or bergfriede) is a tall tower that is typically found in castles of the Middle Ages in German-speaking countries and in countries under German influence.

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Bertha von Suttner

Bertha Felicitas Sophie Freifrau von Suttner (Baroness Bertha von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky, Gräfin Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau; 9 June 184321 June 1914) was an Austrian-Bohemian pacifist and novelist.

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Biggin Church Ruins

The Biggin Church Ruins are the ruins of a church in Berkeley County, South Carolina.

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Bitterfeld

Bitterfeld is a town in the district Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

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Blaze Union: Story to Reach the Future

Blaze Union: Story to Reach the Future is a tactical role-playing game for the PlayStation Portable, developed by Sting Entertainment and published by Atlus, with its scenario written by R-Force Entertainment.

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Burchard, Duke of Thuringia

Burchard (died 3 August 908) was the Duke of Thuringia (and the Sorbian March) from shortly after 892 until his death.

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Butzbach

Butzbach is a town in the Wetteraukreis district in Hessen, Germany.

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Cadency labels of the British royal family

Heraldic labels are used to differentiate the personal coats of arms of members of the royal family of the United Kingdom from that of the monarch and from each other.

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Carl von Donop

Count Carl Emil Ulrich von Donop (January 1, 1732Wilhelm Gottlieb Levin von Donop: Paderborn 1796, – October 25, 1777) was a Hessian colonel who fought in the American Revolutionary War.

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Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal

Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal (born 23 September 1682 in Schmalkalden; died: 8 May 1770 in Philippsthal) was a member of the House of Hesse and Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal from 1721 until his death.

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Charles II, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal

Charles II of Hesse-Philippsthal (22 May 1803 in Philippsthal – 12 February 1868 in Philippsthal) was a member of the House of Hesse and was Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal from 1849 until 1866.

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Charles, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld

Landgrave Charles August Ludwig Philip of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (27 June 1784 in Barchfeld – 17 July 1854 in Philippsthal) was a member of the House of Hesse and was the ruling Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld from 1803 to 1806 and from 1813 until his death.

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Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel

Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (27 April 1650 – 27 March 1714) was queen-consort of Denmark and Norway, by marriage to King Christian V.

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Charlotte Elisabeth Henriette Holstein

Charlotte Elisabeth Henriette Holstein née zu Inn- und Knyphausen (3 February 1741 – 18 May 1809, Vallø) was a Danish noblewoman.

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Château du Nideck

The Château du Nideck is a ruined castle located in the commune of Oberhaslach in the Bas-Rhin département of France.

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Christoph Graupner

Christoph Graupner (13 January 1683 in Kirchberg – 10 May 1760 in Darmstadt) was a German harpsichordist and composer of high Baroque music who was a contemporary of Johann Sebastian Bach, Georg Philipp Telemann and George Frideric Handel.

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Coat of arms of Thuringia

The coat of arms German state Thuringia was introduced in 1990.

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Confederation of the Rhine

The Confederation of the Rhine (Rheinbund; French: officially États confédérés du Rhin, but in practice Confédération du Rhin) was a confederation of client states of the First French Empire.

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Coronet

In English, a coronet is a small crown consisting of ornaments fixed on a metal ring.

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Count

Count (Male) or Countess (Female) is a title in European countries for a noble of varying status, but historically deemed to convey an approximate rank intermediate between the highest and lowest titles of nobility.

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County of Nellenburg

Nellenburg was a county or landgraviate (Landgrafschaft) in southwestern Germany.

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Crown (heraldry)

A crown is often an emblem of a sovereign state, a monarch's government, or items endorsed by it (see The Crown).

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Denklingen Castle

Denklingen Castle is a historic building in the Denklingen district of Reichshof in the Oberbergischer Kreis of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Dietzhölztal

The community of Dietzhölztal is the northernmost municipality in the Lahn-Dill-Kreis in Hesse, Germany.

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Division of Chemnitz

The Division of Chemnitz settled the succession in the Landgraviate of Thuringia.

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Duchy of Thuringia

The Duchy of Thuringia was an eastern frontier march of the Merovingian kingdom of Austrasia, established about 631 by King Dagobert I after his troops had been defeated by the forces of the Slavic confederation of Samo at the Battle of Wogastisburg.

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Duke of Brabant

The Duke of Brabant was formally the ruler of the Duchy of Brabant since 1183/1184.

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Duke of Lothier

Lothier refers to the territory within the Duchy of Lower Lotharingia, governed by the Dukes of Brabant and their successors after 1190 until the end of the Ancien Régime in 1796.

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Ebsdorfergrund

Ebsdorfergrund is a community consisting of eleven villages in the southeast of Marburg-Biedenkopf district in Hesse, Germany.

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Electorate of Hesse

The Electorate of Hesse (Kurfürstentum Hessen), also known as Hesse-Kassel or Kurhessen) was a state elevated by Napoleon in 1803 from the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel. When the Holy Roman Empire was abolished in 1806, the Prince-Elector of Hesse chose to remain an Elector, even though there was no longer an Emperor to elect. In 1807, with the Treaties of Tilsit the area was annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia, but in 1814 the Congress of Vienna restored the electorate. The state was the only electorate within the German Confederation, consisting of several detached territories to the north of Frankfurt which survived until it was annexed by Prussia in 1866 following the Austro-Prussian War. It comprised a total land area of, and its population in 1864 was 745,063.

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Elisabeth Henriette of Hesse-Kassel

Landgravine Elisabeth Henriëtte of Hesse-Kassel (18 November 1661 - 7 July 1683) was the daughter of William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg (1623–1683) a sister of Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg.

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Elizabeth of Hungary

Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, T.O.S.F. (Heilige Elisabeth von Thüringen, Árpád-házi Szent Erzsébet; 7 July 1207 – 17 November 1231), also known as Saint Elizabeth of Thuringia or Saint Elisabeth of Thuringia, was a princess of the Kingdom of Hungary, Landgravine of Thuringia, Germany, and a greatly venerated Catholic saint who was an early member of the Third Order of St. Francis, by which she is honored as its patroness.

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Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia

Elizabeth Stuart (19 August 1596 – 13 February 1662) was Electress of the Palatinate and briefly Queen of Bohemia as the wife of Frederick V of the Palatinate.

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Emery Molyneux

Emery Molyneux (died June 1598) was an English Elizabethan maker of globes, mathematical instruments and ordnance.

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Enrichetta d'Este

Enrichetta d'Este (Enrichetta Maria; 27 May 1702 – 30 January 1777) was an Italian princess.

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Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

Ernest Louis of Hesse-Darmstadt (Ernst Ludwig) (15 December 1667 – 12 September 1739) was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1678 to 1739.

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Ernestine duchies

The Ernestine duchies, also known as the Saxon duchies (although the Albertine appanage duchies of Weissenfels, Merseburg and Zeitz were also "Saxon duchies" and adjacent to several Ernestine ones), were a changing number of small states that were largely located in the present-day German state of Thuringia and governed by dukes of the Ernestine line of the House of Wettin.

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Fürst

Fürst (female form Fürstin, plural Fürsten; from Old High German furisto, "the first", a translation of the Latin princeps) is a German word for a ruler and is also a princely title.

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Fürstenberg-Weitra

Fürstenberg-Weitra was a cadet branch of the princely House of Fürstenberg, originally from Donaueschingen in Swabia, in present-day southwestern Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Fürstlich Sächsischer Hofbuchdruckerei zu Altenburg

Fürstlich Sächsischer Hofbuchdruckerei of Altenburg, Germany, is used generically in this article to denote a succession of book printers (sometimes synonymous with "publishers") based in Altenburg, in the German state of Thuringia (formerly East Germany), that — under various capacities, names, and owners – have endured as one continuous printing operation, without interruption (save and except wars), for years — since 1594, the early modern German period.

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Frankenau

Frankenau is a small town in Waldeck-Frankenberg district in Hesse, Germany.

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Frederick Augustus de Zeng

Baron Frederick Augustus de Zeng (1756 in Dresden, Saxony – 26 April 1838 in Clyde, New York) was a Hessian mercenary who served in one of the regiments in the British service in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution.

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Frederick I of Sweden

Frederick I (Fredrik I; 28 April 1676 – 5 April 1751) was prince consort of Sweden from 1718 to 1720, and King of Sweden from 1720 until his death and (as Frederick I) also Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1730.

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Frederick VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg

Frederick VI (30 July 1769 – 2 April 1829) reigned as Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg from 1820 until his death in 1829.

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Frederick VII of Denmark

Frederick VII (Frederik Carl Christian) (6 October 1808 – 15 November 1863) was King of Denmark from 1848 to 1863.

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Frederick William von Hessenstein

Frederick William, Prince von Hessenstein (17 March 1735, Stockholm - 27 July 1808, Panker), was a Swedish soldier and statesman.

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Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Eschwege

Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Eschwege (9 May 1617 in Kassel – 24 September 1655 in Costian near Poznań) was from 1632 until his death Landgrave of the apanage of Hesse-Eschwege, which stood under the suzerainty of Hesse-Kassel.

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Fridericianum

The Fridericianum is a museum in Kassel, Germany.

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Friedrichsdorf

Friedrichsdorf is a town of the Hochtaunuskreis, some north of Frankfurt am Main in Hesse, Germany.

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Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina

The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina were adopted on March 1, 1669 by the eight Lords Proprietors of the Province of Carolina, which included most of the land between what is now Virginia and Florida.

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Georg Moller

Georg Moller (21 January 1784 – 13 March 1852) was an architect and a town planner who worked in the South of Germany, mostly in the region today known as Hessen.

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George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

George I of Hesse-Darmstadt (10 September 1547 – 7 February 1596) was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1567 to 1596.

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George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

George II of Hesse-Darmstadt, Georg II von Hessen-Darmstadt (Darmstadt, 17 March 1605 – 11 June 1661) was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1626 - 1661.

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German Emperor

The German Emperor (Deutscher Kaiser) was the official title of the head of state and hereditary ruler of the German Empire.

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German nobility

The German nobility (deutscher Adel) and royalty were status groups which until 1919 enjoyed certain privileges relative to other people under the laws and customs in the German-speaking area.

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Gertrude of Flanders, Duchess of Lorraine

Gertrude of Flanders (c. 1070–1117), was a Countess of Louvain and Landgravine of Brabant by marriage to Henry III, Count of Leuven, and a Duchess of Lorraine by marriage to Theodoric II, Duke of Lorraine.

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Ginsheim-Gustavsburg

The double city of Ginsheim-Gustavsburg in the northwest of Groß-Gerau district in Hesse has about 16,000 inhabitants.

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Giso IV, Count of Gudensberg

Giso IV, Count of Gudensberg (– 12 March 1122) was a German nobleman.

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Graf

Graf (male) or Gräfin (female) is a historical title of the German nobility, usually translated as "count".

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Grafschaft

A Grafschaft was originally the name given to the administrative area in the Holy Roman Empire over which a count, or Graf, presided as judge.

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Grebenhain

Grebenhain is a community in the Vogelsbergkreis in Hesse, Germany.

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Gries, Bas-Rhin

Gries is a commune in the Bas-Rhin département in Grand Est in north-eastern France, a short distance to the south-southeast of Haguenau.

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Groß-Gerau

Groß-Gerau is the district seat of the Groß-Gerau district, lying in the southern Frankfurt Rhein-Main Region in Hesse, Germany, and serving as a hub for the surrounding area.

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Groenlo

Groenlo is a city in the municipality of Oost Gelre, situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands, on the German border, within a region in the province of Gelderland called the Achterhoek (literally: "back corner").

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Gudensberg

Gudensberg is a small town in northern Hesse, Germany.

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Gustav, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg

Gustav, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (17 February 1781 – 8 September 1848) was landgrave of the German state of Hesse-Homburg from 1846 to 1848.

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Hallau

Hallau is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

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Hanau-Münzenberg

The County of Hanau-Münzenberg was a territory within the Holy Roman Empire.

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Heiligenburg Castle

Heiligenburg Castle (Burg Heiligenburg) is a castle on the hill of Heiligenberg in the district of Schwalm-Eder-Kreis, Hesse, Germany.

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Henry II, Landgrave of Hesse

Henry II of Hesse (German: Heinrich), (c. 1299 – 3 June 1376) called "the Iron" was Landgrave of Hesse from 1328 - 1376.

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Henry of Latvia

Henry of Latvia (Henricus de Lettis, Heinrich von Lettland, Latviešu Indriķis, Läti Henrik; before 1188, Magdeburg, Landgraviate of Thuringia – after 1259 in Papendorf, Livonia (currently Rubene, Kocēni parish, Kocēni Municipality, Latvia)), also known in the English speaking world as Henry of Livonia, was a priest, missionary and historian.

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Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia

Henry Raspe (1204 – 16 February 1247) succeeded his nephew Hermann II as Landgrave of Thuringia in central Germany in 1241; he later was elected anti-king in 1246–1247 in opposition to Conrad IV of Germany.

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Herman I, Count of Winzenburg

Herman I, Count of Winzenburg (also known as Herman of Windberg; – 1137 or 1138) was count of Formbach and Radelberg.

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Herman IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg

Landgrave Hermann IV of Hesse-Rotenburg (15 August 1607 in Kassel – 25 March 1658 in Rotenburg an der Fulda), was the first Landgrave of the semi-independent Landgraviate of Hesse-Rotenburg.

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Hermann I, Landgrave of Thuringia

Hermann I (died 25 April 1217), Landgrave of Thuringia and (as Hermann III) Count Palatine of Saxony, was the second son of Louis II, Landgrave of Thuringia (the Iron), and Judith of Hohenstaufen, the sister of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa..

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Hermann II, Landgrave of Hesse

Hermann II of Hesse (1341 – 24 May 1413) was Landgrave of Hesse from 1376 to 1413.

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Hermann II, Landgrave of Thuringia

Hermann II (28 March 1222 in Creuzburg – 3 January 1241) was the Landgrave of Thuringia and the son of Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia, and Saint Elizabeth of Hungary.

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Hermann von Salza

Hermann von Salza (or Hermann of Salza; c. 1165 – March 20, 1239) was the fourth Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1210 to 1239.

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Herrlisheim

Herrlisheim is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

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Hesse-Marburg

The Landgraviate of Hesse-Marburg (Landgrafschaft Hessen-Marburg) was a German landgraviate, and independent principality, within the Holy Roman Empire, that existed between 1458 and 1500, and between 1567 and 1604/1650.

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Hesse-Wanfried

The mini-state Hesse-Wanfried existed from about 1700 to 1731.

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Hessen Cassel, Indiana

Hessen Cassel is an unincorporated community in Marion Township, Allen County, Indiana, named for the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel in Germany.

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Hessian War

The Hessian War (Hessenkrieg), in its wider sense sometimes also called the Hessian Wars (Hessenkriege), was a drawn out conflict that took place between 1567 and 1658, sometimes pursued through diplomatic means, sometimes by military force, between branches of the princely House of Hesse, particularly between the Landgraviate of Hesse-Cassel and the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt.

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Homberg (Efze)

Homberg is a small town in the northern part of Hesse, a state in central Germany, with about 15,000 inhabitants.

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House of Hesse

The House of Hesse is a European dynasty, directly descended from the House of Brabant, and it ruled the region of Hesse, with one branch as prince electors until 1866, and another branch as grand dukes until 1918.

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House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

The House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (German: Haus Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) is a German dynasty that ruled the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which was one of the Ernestine duchies.

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House of Schwarzenberg

Schwarzenberg is a Czech (Bohemian) and German (Franconian) aristocratic family, and it was one of the most prominent European noble houses.

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House of Wettin

The House of Wettin is a dynasty of German counts, dukes, prince-electors and kings that once ruled territories in the present-day German states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia.

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Hundsbach

Hundsbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Imperial Count

Imperial Count (Reichsgraf) was a title in the Holy Roman Empire.

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Imperial election, 1562

The imperial election of 1562 was an imperial election held to select the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Imperial Estate

An Imperial State or Imperial Estate (Status Imperii; Reichsstand, plural: Reichsstände) was a part of the Holy Roman Empire with representation and the right to vote in the Imperial Diet (Reichstag).

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Imperial immediacy

Imperial immediacy (Reichsfreiheit or Reichsunmittelbarkeit) was a privileged constitutional and political status rooted in German feudal law under which the Imperial estates of the Holy Roman Empire such as Imperial cities, prince-bishoprics and secular principalities, and individuals such as the Imperial knights, were declared free from the authority of any local lord and placed under the direct ("immediate", in the sense of "without an intermediary") authority of the Emperor, and later of the institutions of the Empire such as the Diet (Reichstag), the Imperial Chamber of Justice and the Aulic Council.

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Jacob Grimm

Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm (4 January 1785 – 20 September 1863) also known as Ludwig Karl, was a German philologist, jurist, and mythologist.

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Jan van Nickelen

Jan van Nickelen (1655, Haarlem – 1721, Kassel), was a Dutch Golden Age painter.

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Johann Adam Rieger

Johann Adam Rieger (16 July 1753, Orb – 30 July 1831, Fulda) was a bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda from 1812 to 1831.

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Johann Bessler

Johann Ernst Elias Bessler (ca. 1680 – November 30, 1745), known as Orffyreus or Orffyré, was a German entrepreneur who claimed to have built several perpetual motion machines.

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Johann Glandorp

Johann Glandorp (August 1, 1501 in Münster - February 22, 1564 in Herford) was a German humanist, educator, poet, theologian, and reformer.

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John Selman

John Selman (November 16, 1839 – April 6, 1896) was sometimes identified as an outlaw and sometimes a working lawman of the Old West.

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John Yeamans

Sir John Yeamans, 1st Baronet (1611–1674) was an English colonial administrator described in his day as "a pirate ashore".

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Josiah Smith (clergyman)

Josiah Smith (1704 – October 1781) was a clergyman in colonial South Carolina who championed the causes of the evangelical style of the Great Awakening and later American independence.

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Julius Jacob von Haynau

Julius Jacob von Haynau (14 October 1786 – 14 March 1853) was an Austrian general who was prominent in suppressing insurrectionary movements in Italy and Hungary in 1848 and later.

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King of Jerusalem

The King of Jerusalem was the supreme ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Crusader state founded by Christian princes in 1099 when the First Crusade took the city.

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Kirchhain

Kirchhain is a town in Marburg-Biedenkopf district in Hesse, Germany.

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Kirtorf

Kirtorf is a town in the northern Vogelsbergkreis in Hesse, Germany.

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Konrad Bethmann

Konrad Bethmann or Conrad Bethmann (1652–1701) was a German administrator and entrepreneur serving secular and ecclesiastical authorities.

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Konrad von Thüringen

Konrad von Thüringen (Conrad of Thuringia) (ca. 1206 – 24 July 1240) was the fifth Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1239 to 1240.

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Kurt Moll

Kurt Moll (11 April 19385 March 2017) was a German operatic bass singer who enjoyed an international career and was widely recorded.

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Landgraf

Landgraf is a surname.

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Landgraves of Leuchtenberg

The Landgraves of Leuchtenberg were a Bavarian ruling dynasty of the Middle Ages, originally based in Leuchtenberg and later in Pfreimd.

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Landgraviate of Brabant

The Landgraviate of Brabant (1085–1183) was a small medieval fiefdom west of Brussels, consisting of the area between the Dender and Zenne rivers in the Low Countries, then part of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Landgraviate of Hesse

The Landgraviate of Hesse (Landgrafschaft Hessen) was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt

The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (Landgrafschaft Hessen-Darmstadt) was a State of the Holy Roman Empire, ruled by a younger branch of the House of Hesse.

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Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel

The Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (Landgrafschaft Hessen-Kassel), spelled Hesse-Cassel during its entire existence, was a state in the Holy Roman Empire that was directly subject to the Emperor.

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League of the Rhine

The League of the Rhine (also known as the Erste Rheinbund, First Rhine-Bund; or the Rheinische Allianz - Rhenish Alliance) was a defensive union of more than 50 German princes and their cities along the River Rhine, formed on 14 August 1658 by Louis XIV of France and negotiated by Cardinal Mazarin (then de facto prime minister of France), Hugues de Lionne and Johann Philipp von Schönborn (Elector of Mainz and Chancellor of the Empire).

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Leiningen family

Leiningen is the name of an old German noble family whose lands lay principally in Alsace, Lorraine and the Palatinate.

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Leiningen-Westerburg

Leiningen-Westerburg was an historic state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the vicinity of Leiningen and Westerburg in what is now the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

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Leonora Christina Ulfeldt

Leonora Christina, Countess Ulfeldt, born "Countess Leonora Christina Christiansdatter" til Slesvig og Holsten (8 July 1621 – 16 March 1698), was the daughter of King Christian IV of Denmark and wife of Steward of the Realm, traitor Count Corfitz Ulfeldt.

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List of Knights of the Royal Order of the Seraphim

These are the Knights (men) and Members (women) of the Royal Order of the Seraphim.

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List of rulers of Hesse

This is a list of rulers of Hesse (Hessen) during the history of Hesse on west-central Germany.

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List of states in the Holy Roman Empire

This list of states which were part of the Holy Roman Empire includes any territory ruled by an authority that had been granted imperial immediacy, as well as many other feudal entities such as lordship, sous-fiefs and allodial fiefs.

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List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown

The current Spanish constitution refers to the monarchy as "the Crown of Spain" and the constitutional title of the monarch is simply rey/reina de España:Constitution, article 56(2) that is, "king/queen of Spain".

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Lohra

Lohra is a community in Marburg-Biedenkopf district in the administrative region of Gießen in Hesse, Germany.

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Looted art

Looted art has been a consequence of looting during war, natural disaster and riot for centuries.

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Lords Proprietor

The title of Lord Proprietor was a position akin to head landlord or overseer of a territory.

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Louis I, Landgrave of Hesse

Louis I of Hesse (Ludwig) (6 February 1402, Spangenberg - 17 January 1458), called "the Peaceful" was Landgrave of Lower Hesse (Hesse) from 1413-1458.

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Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia

Ludwig I or Louis I (died January 12, 1140) was ruler of Thuringia from 1123 to 1140.

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Louis II, Landgrave of Lower Hesse

Louis II of Hesse (Ludwig) (7 September 1438 – 8 November 1471), called Louis the Frank, was the Landgrave of Lower Hesse from 1458 - 1471.

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Louis II, Landgrave of Thuringia

Ludwig II, Landgrave of Thuringia, nicknamed Louis the Iron (1128 – 14 October 1172 at Neuenburg Castle in Freyburg).

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Louis III, Landgrave of Thuringia

Louis III, Landgrave of Thuringia, nicknamed Louis the Pious or Louis the Mild (1151/2 – 16 October 1190, in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, near Cyprus) was a German nobleman.

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Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

Louis IX of Hesse-Darmstadt (Ludwig) (15 December 1719 – 6 April 1790) was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1768 - 1790.

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Louis the Springer

Louis the Springer (Ludwig der Springer), sometimes called Louis the Jumper, or Louis the Leaper, also known as Louis of Schauenburg (1042 – 1123 in Reinhardsbrunn) was a German nobleman.

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Louis V, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

Louis V of Hesse-Darmstadt (Ludwig; 24 September 1577 – 27 July 1626) was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1596 to 1626.

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Louis VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

Louis VI of Hesse-Darmstadt (Ludwig) (25 January 1630 – 24 April 1678) was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1661 to 1678.

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Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

Louis VIII (German: Ludwig) (5 April 1691 – 17 October 1768) was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1739 to 1768.

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Lower Alsace

Lower Alsace (northern Alsace) was a landgraviate of the Holy Roman Empire held ex officio by the Bishop of Strasbourg.

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Ludovingians

The Ludovingians or Ludowingians (Ludowinger) were the ruling dynasty of Thuringia and Hesse during the 11th to 13th centuries.

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Ludwig von Siegen

Ludwig von Siegen (c.1609 – c. 1680 Wolfenbüttel, Germany) was a German soldier and amateur engraver, who invented the printmaking technique of mezzotint, a printing-process reliant on mechanical pressure used to print more complex engravings than previously possible.

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Ludwig von Wurmb

Ludwig von Wurmb (10 May 1736 – 5 April 1813) was a lieutenant general in the army of Hesse-Kassel during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Marburg

Marburg is a university town in the German federal state (Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district (Landkreis).

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Margareta Brahe

Margareta Abrahamsdotter Brahe (28 June 1603, Rydboholm – 15 May 1669, Weferlingen) was a Swedish aristocrat and court official, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg by marriage to Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg.

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Margravate of Meissen

The Margravate of Meissen (Markgrafschaft Meißen) was a medieval principality in the area of the modern German state of Saxony.

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Margrave

Margrave was originally the medieval title for the military commander assigned to maintain the defense of one of the border provinces of the Holy Roman Empire or of a kingdom.

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Maria Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp

Maria Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (6 June 1634, Gottorp Castle – 17 June 1665, Darmstadt), was by marriage landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt.

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Marie Hedwig of Hesse-Darmstadt

Marie Hedwig of Hesse-Darmstadt (26 November 1647 in Giessen – 19 April 1680 in Ichtershausen) was a landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt by birth and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen.

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Marie Sophie de Courcillon

Marie Sophie de Courcillon (6 August 1713 – 4 April 1756) was a French noblewoman and Duchess of Rohan-Rohan as well as Princess of Soubise by marriage.

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Martin Luther

Martin Luther, (10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk, and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation.

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Martinskirche, Kassel

St.

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Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel

Maurice of Hesse-Kassel (Moritz) (25 May 1572 – 15 March 1632), also called Maurice the Learned, was the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) in the Holy Roman Empire from 1592 to 1627.

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Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus, Duke of Bavaria-Leuchtenberg

Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus (30 September 1638, Munich - 20 March 1705, Turkheim) was a German prince.

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Mayer Amschel Rothschild

Mayer Amschel Rothschild, written also Anschel (23 February 1744 – 19 September 1812), was a German Jewish banker and the founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty.

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Melchior Goldast

Melchior Goldast ab Haiminsfeld (Goldastus)(6 January 1576 or 1578 - Gießen, 1635) was a Swiss jurist, and an industrious though uncritical collector of documents relating to the medieval history and constitution of Germany.

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Melsungen

Melsungen is a small climatic spa town in the Schwalm-Eder district in northern Hesse, Germany.

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Monarch

A monarch is a sovereign head of state in a monarchy.

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Morschen

Morschen is a community in the Schwalm-Eder district in Hesse, Germany.

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Nahe Valley Railway

The Nahe Valley Railway (Nahetalbahn) is a two-track, partially electrified main line railway in the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, which runs for almost 100 kilometres along the Nahe.

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Niederalben

Niederalben is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Ottoneum

The Ottoneum in Kassel, Germany was the first theater building built in Germany and is now a museum of natural history.

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Palais Rohan, Strasbourg

The Palais Rohan (Rohan Palace) in Strasbourg is the former residence of the prince-bishops and cardinals of the House of Rohan, an ancient French noble family originally from Brittany.

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Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse

Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (13 November 1504 – 31 March 1567), nicknamed der Großmütige ("the magnanimous"), was a leading champion of the Protestant Reformation and one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany.

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Philip, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg

Philip August Frederick Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (11 March 1779 in Homburg – 15 December 1846, ibid) was a field marshal in the imperial Austrian army.

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Philip, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal

Philip of Hesse-Philippsthal (14 December 1655, Kassel – 18 June 1721, Aachen) was the son of William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg.

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Philippine Welser

Philippine Welser (1527 – 24 April 1580) was the morganatic wife of Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria.

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Pierre-Étienne Monnot

Pierre-Étienne Monnot (9 August 1657 – 24 August 1733) was a French sculptor from the Franche-Comté who settled in Rome in 1687 for the rest of his life.

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Pirmasens

Pirmasens is an independent town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, near the border with France.

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Plesse Castle

Plesse Castle is situated to the north of Göttingen in Germany, close to the village of Bovenden.

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Polygamy

Polygamy (from Late Greek πολυγαμία, polygamía, "state of marriage to many spouses") is the practice of marrying multiple spouses.

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Polygyny

Polygyny (from Neoclassical Greek πολυγυνία from πολύ- poly- "many", and γυνή gyne "woman" or "wife") is the most common and accepted form of polygamy, entailing the marriage of a man with several women.

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Pottenstein Castle

Pottenstein Castle (Burg Pottenstein) is one of the oldest castles in Franconian Switzerland, a region in the German state of Bavaria.

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Prince

A prince is a male ruler or member of a monarch's or former monarch's family ranked below a king and above a duke.

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Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse

Frederick Charles Louis Constantine, Prince and Landgrave of Hesse (1 May 1868 – 28 May 1940), Friedrich Karl Ludwig Konstantin Prinz und Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel in German, was the brother-in-law of the German Emperor Wilhelm II.

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Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel

Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel (11 September 1747 – 20 May 1837) was a younger member of the dynasty that ruled the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) and a Danish general.

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Prince Maximilian of Baden

Maximilian, Margrave of Baden (Maximilian Alexander Friedrich Wilhelm; 10 July 1867 – 6 November 1929),Almanach de Gotha.

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Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn

The Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn (Fürstbistum Paderborn) was a principality (Hochstift) of the Holy Roman Empire from 1281 to 1802.

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Princess Anne Thérèse of Savoy

Anne Thérèse of Savoy (1 November 1717 – 5 April 1745) was a Savoyard princess born in Paris, France.

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Princess Elizabeth of the United Kingdom

Princess Elizabeth of the United Kingdom (22 May 1770 – 10 January 1840) was the seventh child and third daughter of King George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

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Princess Juliane Sophie of Denmark

Juliane Sophie (18 February 1788, in Copenhagen – 9 May 1850, in Copenhagen) was a Princess of Denmark, the daughter of Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark, who himself was a younger son of king Frederick V of Denmark in his second marriage to queen Juliana Maria of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel.

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Princess Louise of Anhalt-Dessau (1798–1858)

Louise Fredericka of Anhalt-Dessau (Luise Friederike von Anhalt-Dessau) (1 March 1798 – 11 June 1858) was a member of the House of Ascania and a Princess of Anhalt-Dessau by birth.

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Princess Margaret of Prussia

Princess Margaret of Prussia (Margarete Beatrice Feodora; 22 April 1872 – 22 January 1954) was a daughter of Frederick III, German Emperor and Victoria, Princess Royal, and the younger sister of Emperor Wilhelm II and a granddaughter of Queen Victoria.

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Protestation at Speyer

On April 19, 1529, six princes and representatives of 14 Imperial Free Cities petitioned the Imperial Diet at Speyer against an imperial ban against Martin Luther, as well as the proscription of his works and teachings, and called for the unhindered spread of the evangelical faith.

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Rembrandt

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (15 July 1606 – 4 October 1669) was a Dutch draughtsman, painter, and printmaker.

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Rheinfels Castle

Rheinfels Castle (Burg Rheinfels) is a castle ruin located above the left (west) bank of the Rhine in Sankt Goar, Germany.

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Roßdorf

Roßdorf is a municipality in the district of Darmstadt-Dieburg, in Hesse, Germany.

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Robert Gibbes

Robert Gibbes (January 9, 1644 – June 24, 1715) was an English Landgrave, chairman and acting governor of the province of South Carolina between 1710-1712.

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Romrod

Romrod is a small town in the Vogelsbergkreis in central Hesse, Germany.

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Royal and noble ranks

Traditional rank amongst European royalty, peers, and nobility is rooted in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

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Runkel Castle

Runkel Castle (Burg Runkel), a ruined hill castle from the High Middle Ages, is located in the city of Runkel in the Landkreis (District of) Limburg-Weilburg in the state of Hesse, Germany.

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Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha), or Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, was an Ernestine duchy ruled by a branch of the House of Wettin, consisting of territories in the present-day states of Bavaria and Thuringia in Germany.

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Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach) was created as a duchy in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach, which had been in personal union since 1741.

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Sängerkrieg

The Sängerkrieg (minstrel contest), also known as the Wartburgkrieg (Wartburg contest), was a contest among minstrels (Minnesänger) at the Wartburg, a castle in Thuringia, Germany, in 1207.

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Schmalkaldic War

The Schmalkaldic War (Schmalkaldischer Krieg) refers to the short period of violence from 1546 until 1547 between the forces of Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire (simultaneously King Charles I of Spain), commanded by Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba, and the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League within the domains of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Schotten

Schotten is a town in the middle of Hesse, Germany.

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Schwalmstadt

Schwalmstadt is the largest town in the Schwalm-Eder district, in northern Hesse, Germany.

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Sophia Eleonore of Saxony

Sophia Eleonore of Saxony (23 November 1609 – 2 June 1671) was a Duchess (Herzogin) of Saxony by birth and the Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1627 to 1661 through her marriage to Landgrave George II.

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Sophia of Minsk

Sophia of Minsk or Sophia of Polotsk (c. 1140 – 5 May 1198) was a Danish queen consort by marriage to King Valdemar I of Denmark, and a landgravine of Thuringia by marriage to Louis III, Landgrave of Thuringia.

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Staudernheim station

Staudernheim station is a through station, located 35.3 km from Bingen on the Nahe Valley Railway (Bingen–Saarbrücken), in Staudernheim in the district of Bad Kreuznach in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

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Swabian Circle

The Circle of Swabia or Swabian Circle (Schwäbischer Reichskreis, also Schwäbischer Kreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1500 on the territory of the former German stem-duchy of Swabia.

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Syncretistic controversy

The syncretistic controversy was the theological debate provoked by the efforts of Georg Calixt and his supporters to secure a basis on which the Lutherans could make overtures to the Roman Catholic and the Reformed Churches.

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Tannhäuser (opera)

Tannhäuser (full title Tannhäuser und der Sängerkrieg auf Wartburg, "Tannhäuser and the Minnesingers' Contest at Wartburg") is an 1845 opera in three acts, music and text by Richard Wagner, based on two German legends; Tannhäuser, the legendary medieval German Minnesänger and poet, and the tale of the Wartburg Song Contest.

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Tengen, Germany

Tengen is a town in the district of Konstanz, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Thomas Smith (governor of South Carolina)

Thomas Smith (1648–1694) was the governor of colonial South Carolina from 1693 to 1694, a planter, a merchant and a surgeon.

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Thuringia

The Free State of Thuringia (Freistaat Thüringen) is a federal state in central Germany.

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Thuringian Basin

The Thuringian Basin (Thüringer Becken) is a depression in the central and northwest part of Thuringia in Germany which is crossed by several rivers, the longest of which is the Unstrut.

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Treaty of Leipzig

The Treaty of Leipzig or Partition of Leipzig (German Leipziger Teilung) was signed on 11 November 1485 between Elector Ernest of Saxony and his younger brother Albert III, the sons of Elector Frederick II of Saxony from the House of Wettin.

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Tycho Brahe

Tycho Brahe (born Tyge Ottesen Brahe;. He adopted the Latinized form "Tycho Brahe" (sometimes written Tÿcho) at around age fifteen. The name Tycho comes from Tyche (Τύχη, meaning "luck" in Greek, Roman equivalent: Fortuna), a tutelary deity of fortune and prosperity of ancient Greek city cults. He is now generally referred to as "Tycho," as was common in Scandinavia in his time, rather than by his surname "Brahe" (a spurious appellative form of his name, Tycho de Brahe, only appears much later). 14 December 154624 October 1601) was a Danish nobleman, astronomer, and writer known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations.

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Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden

Ulrika Eleonora or Ulrica Eleanor (23 January 1688 – 24 November 1741), also known as Ulrika Eleonora the Younger, was Queen regnant of Sweden from 5 December 1718 until her abdication on 29 February 1720 in favour of her husband Frederick I of Sweden, which made her Queen consort of Sweden until her death.

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University of Kassel

The University of Kassel (Universität Kassel) is a university founded in 1971 located in Kassel, Hesse, in Germany.

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Upper Alsace

Upper Alsace (southern Alsace) was a landgraviate of the Holy Roman Empire centred on Ensisheim and Landser, north of the County of Ferrette (Pfirt).

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Upper Hesse

The term Upper Hesse (Provinz Oberhessen) originally referred to the southern possessions of the Landgraviate of Hesse, which were initially geographically separated from the more northerly Lower Hesse by the.

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Upper Rhenish Circle

The Upper Rhenish Circle (Oberrheinischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1500 on the territory of the former Duchy of Upper Lorraine and large parts of Rhenish Franconia including the Swabian Alsace region and the Burgundian duchy of Savoy.

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Valet de chambre

Valet de chambre, or varlet de chambre, was a court appointment introduced in the late Middle Ages, common from the 14th century onwards.

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Vehmic court

The Vehmic courts, Vehmgericht, holy vehme, or simply Vehm, also spelt Feme, Vehmegericht, Fehmgericht, are names given to a "proto-vigilante" tribunal system of Westphalia in Germany active during the later Middle Ages, based on a fraternal organisation of lay judges called “free judges” (Freischöffen or francs-juges).

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Wabern, Hesse

Wabern is a community in the Schwalm-Eder district in northern Hesse, Germany.

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Waldshut-Tiengen

Waldshut-Tiengen is a city in southwestern Baden-Württemberg right at the Swiss border.

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Walram I, Count of Nassau

Walram I of Nassau (French: Valéran) (c. 1146–1198) was the first (legally titled) Count of Nassau, reigning from 1154 to 1198.

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Wappenbüchlein

A Wappenbüchlein ("little armorial", libellus scutorum) was published by Virgil Solis in 1555, printed in Nuremberg.

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Wartburg

The Wartburg is a castle originally built in the Middle Ages.

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Weimar (Lahn)

Weimar is a community in the south of Marburg-Biedenkopf district in Gießen administrative region, Hesse, Germany.

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Welser

Welser was a German banking and merchant family, originally a patrician family from Augsburg, that rose to great prominence in international high finance in the 16th century as financiers of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

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Wetter, Hesse

Wetter (Hessen) is a small town in Hesse, Germany.

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Wiesbaden-Breckenheim

Breckenheim, Germany is one of Wiesbaden's eastern suburbs, and was incorporated into the city of Wiesbaden on 1 January 1977.

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Wilhelm, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld

Wilhelm, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (Wilhelm Chlodwig Friedrich Ernst Hermann Paul Philipp Heinrich Landgraf von Hessen-Philippsthal-Barchfeld; born 14 August 1933) is the Landgrave and current head of one of the two remaining branches of the House of Hesse, that of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld, a noble title dating to the late Holy Roman Empire.

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William I, Elector of Hesse

William I, Elector of Hesse (Wilhelm I., Kurfürst von Hessen; 3 June 1743 – 27 February 1821) was the eldest surviving son of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) and Princess Mary of Great Britain, the daughter of George II.

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William I, German Emperor

William I, or in German Wilhelm I. (full name: William Frederick Louis of Hohenzollern, Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig von Hohenzollern, 22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888), of the House of Hohenzollern was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and the first German Emperor from 18 January 1871 to his death, the first Head of State of a united Germany.

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William II, Landgrave of Hesse

William II (29 April 1469 – 11 July 1509) was Landgrave of Lower Hesse from 1493 and Landgrave of Upper Hesse after the death of his cousin, William III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse in 1500.

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William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel

William IV of Hesse-Kassel (24 June 1532 – 25 August 1592), also called William the Wise, was the first Landgrave of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel).

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William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel

William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (23 May 1629 – 16 July 1663), known as William the Just, was Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1637 to 1663.

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William, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal

William of Hesse-Philippsthal (born 29 August 1726 in Philippsthal; died: 8 August 1810, Philippsthal) was a member of the House of Hesse and Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal from 1770 until his death.

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William, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld

William of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (1 April 1692 – 13 May 1761) was a member of the House of Hesse and was Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld from 1721 to 1761.

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Wolfershausen

Wolfershausen is one of the sixteen constituent communities that form the town of Felsberg in Schwalm-Eder-Kreis, North Hesse, Germany.

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Redirects here:

Freigrafschaft, Landgraefin, Landgrafin, Landgravate, Landgraviate, Landgravine, Landgräfin, Lantgreve.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landgrave

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