Communication

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A Study of History

A Study of History is a 12-volume universal history by the British historian Arnold J. Toynbee, published in 1934–61.

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Aṅgulimāla

Aṅgulimāla (Pāli language; lit. 'finger necklace'; sometimes also spelled in italic or Aṅgulimālya) is an important figure in Buddhism, particularly within the Theravāda tradition.

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Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra

The Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra is a Mahāyāna Buddhist scripture belonging to the Tathāgatagarbha class of sūtra, which teach that the Buddha is eternal, that the non-Self and emptiness teachings only apply to the worldly sphere and not to Nirvāṇa, and that the Tathāgatagarbha is real and immanent within all beings and all phenomena.

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Abhayagiri vihāra

Abhayagiri Vihāra was a major monastery site of Mahayana, Theravada and Vajrayana Buddhism that was situated in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.

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Abhayamudra

The Abhayamudrā "gesture of fearlessness" is a mudrā (gesture) that is the gesture of reassurance and safety, which dispels fear and accords divine protection and bliss in many Indian religions.

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Abhidharma

Abhidharma (Sanskrit) or Abhidhamma (Pali) are ancient (3rd century BCE and later) Buddhist texts which contain detailed scholastic reworkings of doctrinal material appearing in the Buddhist sutras, according to schematic classifications.

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Abhidharma-samuccaya

Abhidharma-samuccaya (Sanskrit; Tibetan Wylie: mngon pa kun btus; English: Compendium of Abhidharma) is a Buddhist text composed by Asanga.

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Abhirati

Abhirati "The Joyous" is the eastern pure land associated with Akshobhya in Mahayana Buddhism.

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Absolute (philosophy)

In philosophy, the concept of The Absolute, also known as The (Unconditioned) Ultimate, The Wholly Other, The Supreme Being, The Absolute/Ultimate Reality, and other names, is the thing, being, entity, power, force, reality, presence, law, principle, etc.

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Acharya Nagarjuna University

Acharya Nagarjuna University (IAST: Ācārya Nāgārjuna Vișvavidyālaya) is a university in the region of Namburu, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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AD 96

AD 96 (XCVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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Adoption of Chinese literary culture

Chinese writing, culture and institutions were imported as a whole by Vietnam, Korea, Japan and the Ryukyus over an extended period.

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Advaita Vedanta

Advaita Vedanta (अद्वैत वेदान्त, IAST:, literally, "not-two"), originally known as Puruṣavāda, is a school of Hindu philosophy and religious practice, and one of the classic Indian paths to spiritual realization.

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Afterlife

Afterlife (also referred to as life after death or the hereafter) is the belief that an essential part of an individual's identity or the stream of consciousness continues to manifest after the death of the physical body.

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Agastya

Agastya was a revered Vedic sage of Hinduism.

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Agni

Agni (अग्नि, Pali: Aggi, Malay: Api) is an Indian word meaning fire, and connotes the Vedic fire god of Hinduism.

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Agon Shu

is Japanese new religion in which the basic tenets are based on the āgama, a collection of early Buddhist scriptures, which comprise the various rescensions of the Sūtra Piṭaka.

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Agrashala

Agrashala (अग्रशाला in Sanskrit, अगरसाळ in Konkani) is a pilgrimage resthouse specially meant for devotees in Goan temples.

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Ajahn Amaro

Ajahn Amaro (born 1956) is a Theravada Buddhist monk and teacher, and abbot of the Amaravati Buddhist Monastery at the eastern end of the Chiltern Hills in south east England.

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Ajanta Caves

The Ajanta Caves are 29 (approximately) rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments which date from the 2nd century BCE to about 480 CE in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra state of India.

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Ajitasena Sutra

The Ajitasena-vyakarana-nirdesa sutra ("Explanation of prophecy Ajitasena") is a 'proto-Mahayana' sutra, found near Gilgit in 1931.

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Akram Vignan Movement

The Akram Vignan movement, also spelled Akram Vijnan, is a new religious movement originated in 1960s in Gujarat, India.

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Alchon Huns

The Alchon Huns, also known as the Alchono, Alxon, Alkhon, Alkhan, Alakhana and Walxon, were a nomadic people who established states in Central Asia and South Asia during the 4th and 6th centuries CE.

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Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Aléxandros ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.

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Alms

Alms or almsgiving involves giving to others as an act of virtue, either materially or in the sense of providing capabilities (e.g. education) free.

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Alor Setar

Alor Setar (Jawi: الور ستار), formerly known as Alor Star from 2004–2008, is a city and the state capital of Kedah, Malaysia.

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American Buddhist Movement

The American Buddhist Movement, also known as the Association of American Buddhists, is a group which promotes Buddhism through publications, ordination of monks, and classes.

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Amitayurdhyana Sutra

The Amitāyurdhyāna Sūtra (Sanskrit) is a Mahayana sutra in Pure Land Buddhism, a branch of Mahāyāna Buddhism.

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Amitābha

Amitābha, also known as Amida or Amitāyus, is a celestial buddha according to the scriptures of Mahayana Buddhism.

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Anakapalle

Anakapalle is a suburb of Visakhapatnam in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

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Anantarika-karma

Ānantarika-karma or ānantarika-kamma is a heinous crime that through karmic process brings immediate disaster.

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Anawrahta

Anawrahta Minsaw (အနော်ရထာ မင်းစော,; 11 May 1014 – 11 April 1077) was the founder of the Pagan Empire.

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Ancient characters in Stargate

In the Stargate fictional universe, the Ancients, also known as the Alterans and Lanteans, are the most advanced race known to have existed, having evolved millions of years prior to the present day and reaching their level of technology long before Human life evolved on Earth.

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Ancient philosophy

This page lists some links to ancient philosophy.

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Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh is one of the 29 states of India.

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Andrew Harvey (religious writer)

Andrew Harvey (born 1952) is a British author, religious scholar and teacher of mystic traditions, known primarily for his popular nonfiction books on spiritual or mystical themes, beginning with his 1983 A Journey in Ladakh.

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Ang Chee Sia Ong Temple

Ang Chee Sia Ong Temple is a Taoist, Mahayana Buddhism and Confucianism temple located in West Coast, Singapore.

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Angkor

Angkor (អង្គរ, "Capital City")Headly, Robert K.; Chhor, Kylin; Lim, Lam Kheng; Kheang, Lim Hak; Chun, Chen.

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Angulimala (disambiguation)

Aṅgulimāla is an important early figure in Buddhism.

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Aniconism in Buddhism

Since the beginning of the serious study of the history of Buddhist art in the 1890s, the earliest phase, lasting until the 1st century CE, has been described as aniconic; the Buddha was only represented through symbols such as an empty throne, Bodhi tree, a riderless horse with a parasol floating above an empty space (at Sanchi), Buddha's footprints, and the dharma wheel.

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Anima mundi

The world soul (Greek: ψυχὴ κόσμου psuchè kósmou, Latin: anima mundi) is, according to several systems of thought, an intrinsic connection between all living things on the planet, which relates to our world in much the same way as the soul is connected to the human body.

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Animals in Buddhism

The position and treatment of animals in Buddhism is important for the light it sheds on Buddhists' perception of their own relation to the natural world, on Buddhist humanitarian concerns in general, and on the relationship between Buddhist theory and Buddhist practice.

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Annam (French protectorate)

Annam (An Nam or Trung Kỳ, alternate spelling: Anam) was a French protectorate encompassing the central region of Vietnam.

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Anunatva-Apurnatva-Nirdesa

The Anunatva-Apurnatva-Nirdesa, “Neither Increase nor Decrease Sūtra,” is a short Mahayana text belonging to the tathagatagarbha class of sutras.

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Anuradhapura Kingdom

The Anuradhapura Kingdom (Sinhala: අනුරාධපුර රාජධානිය, Tamil:அனுராதபுர இராச்சியம்), named for its capital city, was the first established kingdom in ancient Sri Lanka and Sinhalese people.

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Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya

The Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya was an important mahavihara or large Buddhist monastery for Theravada Buddhism in Sri Lanka.

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Anuradhapura period

The Anuradhapura period was a period in the history of Sri Lanka of the Anuradhapura Kingdom from 377 BC to 1017 AD.

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Anussati

Anussati (Pāli; Sanskrit: Anusmriti) means "recollection," "contemplation," "remembrance," "meditation" and "mindfulness." It refers to specific meditative or devotional practices, such as recollecting the sublime qualities of the Buddha, which lead to mental tranquillity and abiding joy.

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Archaeology of the Philippines

The archaeology of the Philippines is the study of past societies in the territory of the modern Republic of the Philippines, an island country in Southeast Asia, through material culture.

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Architecture of ancient Sri Lanka

The architecture of ancient Sri Lanka displays a rich diversity, varying in form and architectural style from the Anuradhapura Kingdom (377 BC–1017) through the Kingdom of Kandy (1469–1815).

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Arhat

Theravada Buddhism defines arhat (Sanskrit) or arahant (Pali) as "one who is worthy" or as a "perfected person" having attained nirvana.

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Art of Champa

Champa was an Indic civilization that flourished along the coasts of what is now central and southern Vietnam for roughly a one thousand-year period between 500 and 1500 AD.

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Art of the Philippines

The art of the Philippines refers to the works of art that have developed and accumulated in the Philippines from the beginning of civilization in the country up to the present era.

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Arya (Buddhism)

Arya (Sanskrit, also ārya; Pāli: ariya) is a term frequently used in Buddhism that can be translated as "noble", "not ordinary", "valuable", "precious", "pure", etc.

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Asanga

Asaṅga (Romaji: Mujaku) (fl. 4th century C.E.) was a major exponent of the Yogacara tradition in India, also called Vijñānavāda.

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Asatkalpa

Asatkalpa (Sanskrit: असत्कल्प्), this Sanskrit term is derived from the word, asat, meaning 'unreal' combined with the word, kalpa, here in the context of Advaita Vedanta philosophy meaning 'a little less than complete', and is another word for mithya meaning 'the almost unreal world' or 'unreal conceptuality'.

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Asia

Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.

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Asian Mexicans

Asian Mexicans (mexicanos asiáticos; asiomexicanos) are Mexicans of Asian descent.

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Atheis

Atheis (English: Atheist) is a 1949 Indonesian novel written by Achdiat Karta Mihardja and published by Balai Pustaka.

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Atheism and religion

Some movements or sects within traditionally monotheistic or polytheistic religions recognize that it is possible to practice religious faith, spirituality and adherence to tenets without a belief in deities.

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Atiśa

(অতীশ দীপংকর শ্রীজ্ঞান; ཇོ་བོ་རྗེ་དཔལ་ལྡན་ཨ་ཏི་ཤ།) (982 - 1054 CE) was a Buddhist Bengali religious leader and master.

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Avalokiteśvara

Avalokiteśvara (अवलोकितेश्वर) is a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas.

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Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana

Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna (reconstructed Sanskrit title: Mahāyāna śraddhotpādaśāstra) is a text of Mahayana Buddhism.

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Ayatana

Āyatana (Pāli; Sanskrit: आयतन) is a Buddhist term that has been translated as "sense base", "sense-media" or "sense sphere." In Buddhism, there are six internal sense bases (Pali: ajjhattikāni āyatanāni; also known as, "organs", "gates", "doors", "powers" or "roots"Pine 2004, pg. 102) and six external sense bases (bāhirāni āyatanāni or "sense objects"; also known as vishaya or "domains"Pine 2004, pg. 103).

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Ayutthaya Kingdom

The Ayutthaya Kingdom (อยุธยา,; also spelled Ayudhya or Ayodhaya) was a Siamese kingdom that existed from 1351 to 1767.

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Ayya (Pali word)

Ayya is a Pali word, translated as "honourable" or "worthy".

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Étienne Lamotte

Étienne Paul Marie Lamotte (November 21, 1903 – May 5, 1983) was a Belgian priest and Professor of Greek at the Catholic University of Louvain, but was better known as an Indologist and the greatest authority on Buddhism in the West in his time.

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Ātman (Buddhism)

Ātman, attā or attan in Buddhism is the concept of self, and is found in Buddhist literature's discussion of the concept of non-self (Anatta).

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Đặng Sỹ

Major Matthew Sy Dang, (Matheo Đặng Sỹ; July 29, 1929 – November 11, 2006) was an officer in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam.

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Śīlabhadra

Śīlabhadra (Sanskrit) (529–645Nakamura, Hajime. Indian Buddhism: A Survey with Bibliographical Notes. 1999. p. 281) was a Buddhist monk and philosopher.

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Śūnyatā

Śūnyatā (Sanskrit; Pali: suññatā), pronounced ‘shoonyataa’, translated into English most often as emptiness and sometimes voidness, is a Buddhist concept which has multiple meanings depending on its doctrinal context.

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Śūraṃgamasamādhisūtra, The Concentration of Heroic Progress

Śūraṃgamasamādhisūtra, The Concentration of Heroic Progress: An Early Mahayana Buddhist Scripture, originally titled in French as La concentration de la marche héroïque (Śūraṃgamasamādhisūtra), is a study and translation of the Śūraṅgama Samādhi Sūtra (Śgs.) by Étienne Lamotte.

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Śūraṅgama Sūtra

The Śūraṅgama Sūtra (Sanskrit) (Taisho 945) is a Mahayana Buddhist sutra that has been especially influential in Chan Buddhism.

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Śrāvaka

Śrāvaka (Sanskrit) or Sāvaka (Pali) means "hearer" or, more generally, "disciple".

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Śrāvakayāna

Śrāvakayāna (श्रावकयान; सावकयान) is one of the three yānas known to Indian Buddhism.

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Śrīmālādevī Siṃhanāda Sūtra

The Śrīmālādevī Siṃhanāda Sūtra (Lion’s Roar of Queen Śrīmālā) is one of the main early Mahāyāna Buddhist texts belonging to the Tathāgatagarbha sūtras that teaches the doctrines of Buddha-nature and "One Vehicle" through the words of the Indian queen Śrīmālā.

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Bagan

Bagan (formerly Pagan) is an ancient city located in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar.

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Bahuśrutīya

Bahuśrutīya (Sanskrit) was one of the early Buddhist schools, according to early sources such as Vasumitra, the Śāriputraparipṛcchā, and other sources, and was a sub-group which emerged from the Mahāsāṃghika sect.

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Balangoda Ananda Maitreya Thero

Balangoda Ananda Maitreya Thero (අග්ග මහා පණ්ඩිත බලංගොඩ ආනන්ද මෛත්‍රෙය මහනාහිමි;23 August 1896 – 18 July 1998) was a Sri Lankan scholar Buddhist monk and a personality of Theravada Buddhism in the twentieth century.

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Bali Kingdom

The Kingdom of Bali was a series of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms that once ruled some parts of the volcanic island of Bali, in Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia.

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Banteay Kdei

Banteay Kdei (ប្រាសាទបន្ទាយក្តី; Prasat Banteay Kdei), meaning "A Citadel of Chambers", also known as "Citadel of Monks' cells", is a Buddhist temple in Angkor, Cambodia.

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Baoguo Temple (Zhejiang)

The Baoguo Temple is a Mahayana Buddhist temple located in the Jiangbei district, north of Ningbo, in Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.

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Bardo

In some schools of Buddhism, bardo (Tibetan བར་དོ་ Wylie: bar do) or antarabhāva (Sanskrit) is an intermediate, transitional, or liminal state between death and rebirth.

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Barlaam and Josaphat

Barlaam and Josaphat (Barlamus et Iosaphatus) are two legendary Christian martyrs and saints.

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Bassui Tokushō

was a Rinzai Zen Master born in modern-day Kanagawa Prefecture who had trained with Sōtō, Rinzai and Ch'an masters of his time.

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Batangas

Batangas, officially known as the Province of Batangas (Lalawigan ng Batangas) is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon.

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Bayon

The Bayon (ប្រាសាទបាយ័ន, Prasat Bayon) is a well-known and richly decorated Khmer temple at Angkor in Cambodia.

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Báo Quốc Pagoda

Báo Quốc Pagoda (Chùa Báo Quốc) is a Buddhist temple in the historic city of Huế in central Vietnam.

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Belanjong pillar

The Belanjong pillar, also Blanjong pillar or Blanjong inscription (Indonesian: Prasasti Blanjong), is a pillar established in 914 CE in the harbour of Belanjong, in the southern area of Sanur in Bali.

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Bengal

Bengal (Bānglā/Bôngô /) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in Asia, which is located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal.

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Bengali Brahmins

The Bengali Brahmins are those Hindu Brahmins who traditionally reside in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, currently comprising the Indian state of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam and Bangladesh.

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Bengali Buddhists

Bengali Buddhists, (বাঙালি বৌদ্ধ, are Buddhists of Bengali ethnic and linguistic identity. Bengali Buddhists constitute 0.4% of the population in Bangladesh. Buddhism has a rich ancient heritage in the Bengal. The region was a bastion of the ancient Buddhist Mauryan and Palan empires, when the Mahayana and Vajrayana schools flourished. South-eastern Bengal was ruled by the medieval Buddhist Kingdom of Mrauk U during the 16th and 17th centuries. The British Raj influenced the emergence of modern community. Today, Bengali Buddhists are followers of orthodox Therevada Buddhism.

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Bhagalpur

Bhagalpur is a city of historical importance on the southern banks of the river Ganges in the Indian state of Bihar.

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Bhagavan

Bhagavān (Sanskrit: भगवान्) is an epithet for deity, particularly for Krishna and other avatars of Vishnu in Vaishnavism, as well as for Shiva in the Shaivism tradition of Hinduism,James Lochtefeld (2000), "Bhagavan", The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol.

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Bhaisajyaguru

Bhaiṣajyaguru, formally Bhaiṣajya-guru-vaiḍūrya-prabhā-rāja ("King of Medicine Master and Lapis Lazuli Light"), is the Buddha of healing and medicine in Mahāyāna Buddhism.

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Bhakti

Bhakti (भक्ति) literally means "attachment, participation, fondness for, homage, faith, love, devotion, worship, purity".

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Bhaskaravarman

Bhaskaravarman (600–650) of the Varman dynasty was perhaps the most illustrious of the monarchs of the ancient kingdom of Kamarupa.

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Bhauma-Kara dynasty

The Bhauma dynasty, also known as Kara dynasty, ruled in eastern India between 8th and 10th centuries.

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Bhāvanākrama

The Bhāvanākrama (Bhk, "cultivation process" or "stages of meditation"; Tib. སྒོམ་རིམ་, sGom Rim) is a set of three Buddhist texts written in Sanskrit by the Indian Buddhist scholar yogi Kamalashila (c. 9th century CE) of Nalanda university.

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Bhāviveka

Bhāviveka, also called Bhavya or Bhāvaviveka (c. 500 – c. 578) was a sixth century Madhyamaka Buddhist.

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Bhūmi (Buddhism)

Bhūmi (Sanskrit; भूमि) is the 32 and 33 place (10 and 11 in simple count) on the outgoing's process of Mahayana awakening.

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Bheemunipatnam

Bheemunipatnam popularly known by its abbreviated form Bheemili, is a neighbourhood in the city of Visakhapatnam, India.

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Bhikkhu

A bhikkhu (from Pali, Sanskrit: bhikṣu) is an ordained male monastic ("monk") in Buddhism.

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Bhikkhu Bodhi

Bhikkhu Bodhi (born December 10, 1944), born Jeffrey Block, is an American Theravada Buddhist monk, ordained in Sri Lanka and currently teaching in the New York and New Jersey area.

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Bhikkhuni

A bhikkhunī (Pali) or bhikṣuṇī (Sanskrit) is a fully ordained female monastic in Buddhism.

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Blue

Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.

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Bluff Park, Long Beach, California

Bluff Park is a small, upscale neighborhood in Long Beach, California.

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Bodagama Chandima

Bodagama Chandima was born on 3 February 1957 at Thanamalwila in southern Sri Lanka.

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Bodhi Day

Bodhi Day is the Buddhist holiday that commemorates the day that the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama (Shakyamuni), experienced enlightenment, also known as bodhi in Sanskrit and Pali.

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Bodhicitta

In Buddhism, bodhicitta, "enlightenment-mind", is the mind that strives toward awakening, empathy, and compassion for the benefit of all sentient beings.

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Bodhimaṇḍa

Bodhimaṇḍa (Sanskrit and Pali) is a term used in Buddhism meaning the "position of awakening." According to Haribhadra, it is "a place used as a seat, where the essence of enlightenment is present." Although spelled similarly, a bodhimaṇḍa is not synonymous with a bodhimaṇḍala, which is a "circle of enlightenment."Thurman, Robert.

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Bodhipakkhiyādhammā

In Buddhism, bodhipakkhiyā dhammā (Pali; variant spellings include bodhipakkhikā dhammā and bodhapakkhiyā dhammā; Skt.: bodhipaka dharma) are qualities (dhammā) conducive or related to (pakkhiya) awakening (bodhi).

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Bodhisattva

In Buddhism, Bodhisattva is the Sanskrit term for anyone who has generated Bodhicitta, a spontaneous wish and compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. Bodhisattvas are a popular subject in Buddhist art.

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Bodhisattva Precepts

The Bodhisattva Precepts (Japanese: bosatsukai) are a set of moral codes used in Mahayana Buddhism to advance a practitioner along the path to becoming a Bodhisattva.

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Bodhisattva statues of Sri Lanka

Although currently a Theravada Buddhism flourishing country, the Mahayana cult of worshipping Bodhisattva statues has existed in ancient Sri Lanka.

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Bodhisattva vow

The Bodhisattva vow is the vow taken by Mahayana Buddhists to liberate all sentient beings.

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Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra

The Bodhisattvacharyāvatāra or Bodhicaryāvatāra, sometimes translated into English as A Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life, is a Mahāyāna Buddhist text written c. 700 AD in Sanskrit verse by Shantideva (Śāntideva), a Buddhist monk at Nālandā Monastic University in India.

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Bodymind (in meditation traditions)

Bodymind is a compound of body and mind and may be used differently in different meditation traditions.

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Bojjannakonda

Bojjannakonda and Lingalakonda are two Buddhist rock-cut caves on adjacent hillocks, situated near a village called Sankaram, which is a few kilometres away from Anakapalle, Vishakhapatnam in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

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Borobudur

Borobudur, or Barabudur (Candi Borobudur, Candhi Barabudhur) is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang Regency, not far from the town of Muntilan, in Central Java, Indonesia.

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Brahmajala Sutra (Mahayana)

The, also called the Brahma's Net Sutra, is a Mahayana Buddhist Vinaya Sutra.

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Brahman

In Hinduism, Brahman connotes the highest Universal Principle, the Ultimate Reality in the universe.P. T. Raju (2006), Idealistic Thought of India, Routledge,, page 426 and Conclusion chapter part XII In major schools of Hindu philosophy, it is the material, efficient, formal and final cause of all that exists.For dualism school of Hinduism, see: Francis X. Clooney (2010), Hindu God, Christian God: How Reason Helps Break Down the Boundaries between Religions, Oxford University Press,, pages 51–58, 111–115;For monist school of Hinduism, see: B. Martinez-Bedard (2006), Types of Causes in Aristotle and Sankara, Thesis – Department of Religious Studies (Advisors: Kathryn McClymond and Sandra Dwyer), Georgia State University, pages 18–35 It is the pervasive, genderless, infinite, eternal truth and bliss which does not change, yet is the cause of all changes. Brahman as a metaphysical concept is the single binding unity behind diversity in all that exists in the universe. Brahman is a Vedic Sanskrit word, and it is conceptualized in Hinduism, states Paul Deussen, as the "creative principle which lies realized in the whole world". Brahman is a key concept found in the Vedas, and it is extensively discussed in the early Upanishads.Stephen Philips (1998), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Brahman to Derrida (Editor; Edward Craig), Routledge,, pages 1–4 The Vedas conceptualize Brahman as the Cosmic Principle. In the Upanishads, it has been variously described as Sat-cit-ānanda (truth-consciousness-bliss) and as the unchanging, permanent, highest reality. Brahman is discussed in Hindu texts with the concept of Atman (Soul, Self), personal, impersonal or Para Brahman, or in various combinations of these qualities depending on the philosophical school. In dualistic schools of Hinduism such as the theistic Dvaita Vedanta, Brahman is different from Atman (soul) in each being.Michael Myers (2000), Brahman: A Comparative Theology, Routledge,, pages 124–127 In non-dual schools such as the Advaita Vedanta, Brahman is identical to the Atman, is everywhere and inside each living being, and there is connected spiritual oneness in all existence.Arvind Sharma (2007), Advaita Vedānta: An Introduction, Motilal Banarsidass,, pages 19–40, 53–58, 79–86.

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Bright Hill MRT station

Bright Hill MRT station (TE7) is a future underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Thomson-East Coast Line in Bishan planning area, Singapore.

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Buddha images in Thailand

A Buddha image in Thailand typically refers to three-dimensional stone, wood, clay, or metal cast images of the Buddha.

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Buddha of Medicine Welfare Society

Buddha of Medicine Welfare Society, is a Buddhist monastery in Singapore.

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Buddhaghoṣa

Buddhaghoṣa (พระพุทธโฆษาจารย์) was a 5th-century Indian Theravada Buddhist commentator and scholar.

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Buddhahood

In Buddhism, buddhahood (buddhatva; buddhatta or italic) is the condition or rank of a buddha "awakened one".

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Buddhānusmṛti

Buddhānusmṛti (Sanskrit; Pali: buddhānussati), meaning "Buddha-mindfulness", is a common Buddhist practice in all Buddhist traditions which involves meditating with a Buddha, such as Gautama or Amitābha, as the meditation subject.

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Buddhism

Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.

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Buddhism amongst Tamils

Buddhism amongst Tamils was historically found in Tamilakam and the Jaffna Peninsula.

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Buddhism and Christianity

Although analogies have been drawn between Buddhism and Christianity, there are differences between the two religions beginning with monotheism's place at the core of Christianity, and Buddhism's orientation towards non-theism (the lack of relevancy of the existence of a creator deity) which runs counter to teachings about God in Christianity; and extending to the importance of grace in Christianity against the rejection of interference with karma in Theravada Buddhism, etc.

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Buddhism and euthanasia

Buddhist views, although varying on a series of canons within the three branches of Buddhism (Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana), observe the concept of euthanasia, or "mercy killing", in a denunciatory manner.

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Buddhism and Gnosticism

Buddhologist Edward Conze (1966) has proposed that similarities existed between Buddhism and Gnosticism, a term deriving from the name "Gnostics" given to a number of Christian sects.

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Buddhism and Jainism

Buddhism and Jainism are two ancient Indian religions that developed in Magadha (Bihar region) and continue to thrive in the modern times.

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Buddhism and psychology

Buddhism includes an analysis of human psychology, emotion, cognition, behavior and motivation along with therapeutic practices.

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Buddhism and Theosophy

Theosophical teachings have borrowed some concepts and terms from Buddhism.

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Buddhism and violence

Violence in Buddhism includes acts of violence and aggression committed by Buddhists with religious, political, or socio-cultural motivations, as well as self-inflicted violence by ascetics or for religious purposes.

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Buddhism by country

Buddhism is a religion practiced by an estimated 488 million in the world,Pew Research Center,.

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Buddhism in Afghanistan

Buddhism was one of the major religions in Afghanistan during pre-Islamic era.

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Buddhism in Brunei

Mahayana Buddhism is the most popular and alongside Ancestor Worship, Taoism and Confucianism as one which is the traditional faith of general Han Chinese people (about 15% of total population of Brunei).

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Buddhism in Bulgaria

Buddhism is a small minority religion in Bulgaria, with about a thousand practitioners.

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Buddhism in Cambodia

Buddhism in Cambodia is currently a form of Theravada Buddhism.

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Buddhism in Central America

Buddhism is practiced throughout Central America.

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Buddhism in Central Asia

Buddhism in Central Asia refers to the forms of Buddhism that existed in Central Asia, which were historically especially prevalent along the Silk Road.

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Buddhism in Himachal Pradesh

Buddhism in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh can be traced back to the spread of Buddhism in the early 8th century.

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Buddhism in Hong Kong

Buddhism is a major religion in Hong Kong and has been greatly influential in the traditional culture of its populace.

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Buddhism in Hungary

Buddhism in Hungary exists since 1951 when Ernő Hetényi founded Buddhist Mission in Germany as a member of the Arya Maitreya Mandala Buddhist order (Mahayana school).

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Buddhism in Indonesia

Buddhism in Indonesia has a long history, with a considerable range of relics dated from its earlier years in Indonesia.

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Buddhism in Japan

Buddhism in Japan has been practiced since its official introduction in 552 CE according to the Nihon Shoki from Baekje, Korea, by Buddhist monks.

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Buddhism in Khotan

Buddhism in Khotan comprised bodies of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of the Iranic Kingdom of Khotan as well as much of Western China and Tajikistan.

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Buddhism in Laos

Buddhism is the primary religion of Laos.

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Buddhism in Malaysia

Buddhism is the second largest religion in Malaysia, after Islam, with 19.2% of Malaysia's population being Buddhist although some estimates put that figure up to 21.6% when combined with Chinese religions.

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Buddhism in Pakistan

Buddhism in Pakistan took root some 2,300 years ago under the Mauryan king Ashoka, whom Nehru once called “greater than any king or emperor.” Buddhism has a long history in the Pakistan region — over time being part of areas within Bactria, the Indo-Greek Kingdom, the Kushan Empire; Ancient India with the Maurya Empire of Ashoka, the Pala Empire; the Punjab region, and Indus River Valley cultures — areas now within the present day nation of Pakistan.

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Buddhism in Poland

The roots of Buddhism in Poland can be found in the early 20th century in the nation's connections to the origin countries of the religion, like Vietnam, China, Japan, and Korea.

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Buddhism in Senegal

In Senegal, Mahayana Buddhism is followed by a very tiny portion of the Vietnamese community, but it is informal Buddhism because they only worship their ancestors by burning the incenses on a small altar and in the end of all prayers are: "Nam mô A Di Đà Phật" (Mean:"Glory to Buddha Amitabha") as traditional of Vietnamese faith that is Bodhisattvas as Địa Tạng Vương Bồ tát and Quan Thế Âm Bồ tát will bless and teach the spirits of dead people how to take a better life in next incarnations or go to Nirvana forever.

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Buddhism in Singapore

Buddhism is an Indian Religion which owes its origins primarily from Shakyamuni Buddha who appeared in India around 2500 years ago or more.

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Buddhism in Slovakia

Buddhism is not officially recognized as a religion in Slovakia.

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Buddhism in Southeast Asia

Buddhism in Southeast Asia includes a variety of traditions of Buddhism including two main traditions: Mahāyāna Buddhism and Theravāda Buddhism.

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Buddhism in Taiwan

Buddhism is one of the major religions of Taiwan. Taiwanese people predominantly practice Mahayana Buddhism, Confucian principles, local practices and Taoist tradition.

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Buddhism in Thailand

Buddhism in Thailand is largely of the Theravada school, which is followed by 94.6 percent of the population.

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Buddhism in the Czech Republic

With a rough estimate of fifty thousand Buddhists, Buddhism is practiced by around 0.5% of the '''Czech''' population.

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Buddhism in the Maldives

Buddhism in the Maldives was the predominant religion at least until the 12th century CE.

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Buddhism in the Middle East

It is estimated that in the Middle East around 900,000 people, perhaps more, profess Buddhism as their religion.

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Buddhism in the Netherlands

Buddhism is a small minority religion in the Netherlands, but it has shown rapid growth in recent years.

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Buddhism in the Philippines

Buddhism is a minor religion in the Philippines. Loanwords with Buddhist context appear in languages of the Philippines.

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Buddhism in the West

Buddhism in the West broadly encompasses the knowledge and practice of Buddhism outside Asia in Europe, the Americas, Australia and New Zealand.

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Buddhism in Uzbekistan

Buddhism is practiced by about 0.2% of the population of Uzbekistan, according to the US State Department's International Religious Freedom Report 2004.

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Buddhism in Venezuela

Buddhism in Venezuela is practiced by over 52,000 people (roughly 0.2% of the population).

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Buddhism in Vietnam

Buddhism in Vietnam (Đạo Phật or Phật Giáo in Vietnamese), as practised by the ethnic Vietnamese, is mainly of the Mahayana tradition.

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Buddhism, the Fulfilment of Hinduism

"Buddhism, the Fulfilment of Hinduism" is a lecture delivered by Indian Hindu monk and expounder Swami Vivekananda on 26 September 1893 at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago.

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Buddhist architecture

Buddhist religious architecture developed in the Indian subcontinent.

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Buddhist art

Buddhist art is the artistic practices that are influenced by Buddhism.

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Buddhist art in Japan

Buddhism played an important role in the development of Japanese art between the 6th and the 16th centuries.

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Buddhist chant

A Buddhist chant is a form of musical verse or incantation, in some ways analogous to Hindu, Christian or Jewish religious recitations.

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Buddhist cosmology

Buddhist cosmology is the description of the shape and evolution of the Universe according to the Buddhist scriptures and commentaries.

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Buddhist councils

Since the death of the historical Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama, Buddhist monastic communities have periodically convened to settle doctrinal and disciplinary disputes and to revise and correct the contents of the sutras.

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Buddhist cuisine

Buddhist cuisine is an East Asian cuisine that is followed by monks and many believers from areas historically influenced by Chinese Buddhism.

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Buddhist deities

Buddhism includes a wide array of divine beings that are venerated in various ritual and popular contexts.

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Buddhist devotion

Devotion, a central practice in Buddhism, refers to commitment to religious observances or to an object or person, and may be translated with Sanskrit or Pāli terms like saddhā, gārava or pūjā.

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Buddhist ethics

Buddhist ethics are traditionally based on what Buddhists view as the enlightened perspective of the Buddha, or other enlightened beings such as Bodhisattvas.

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Buddhist ethics (discipline)

Buddhist ethics as an academic discipline is relatively new, blossoming in the mid-1990s.

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Buddhist hermeneutics

Buddhist hermeneutics refers to the interpretative frameworks historical Buddhists have used to interpret and understand Buddhist texts and to the interpretative instructions that Buddhists texts themselves impart upon the reader.

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Buddhist influences on Advaita Vedanta

Advaita Vedanta and Mahayana Buddhism share significant similarities.

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Buddhist Institute, Cambodia

The Buddhist Institute is the principal Buddhist institution of the government of Cambodia.

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Buddhist Library (Singapore)

The Buddhist Library is the first dedicated Buddhist library in:Singapore.

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Buddhist liturgy

Buddhist liturgy is a formalized service of veneration and worship performed within a Buddhist Sangha community in nearly every traditional denomination and sect in the Buddhist world.

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Buddhist modernism

Buddhist modernism (also referred to as Modern Buddhism, modernist Buddhism and Neo-Buddhism) are new movements based on modern era reinterpretations of Buddhism.

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Buddhist paths to liberation

The Buddhist tradition gives a wide variety of descriptions of the Buddhist path (magga) to liberation.

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Buddhist philosophy

Buddhist philosophy refers to the philosophical investigations and systems of inquiry that developed among various Buddhist schools in India following the death of the Buddha and later spread throughout Asia.

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Buddhist prayer beads

Buddhist prayer beads or malas (Sanskrit: "garland"Apte, Vaman Shivram (1965), written at Delhi, The Practical Sanskrit Dictionary (Fourth revised and enlarged ed.), Motilal Banarsidass Publishers) are a traditional tool used to count the number of times a mantra is recited, breaths while meditating, counting prostrations, or the repetitions of a buddha's name.

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Buddhist symbolism

Buddhist symbolism is the method of Buddhist art to represent certain aspects of dharma, which began in the fourth century BCE.

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Buddhist Tantras

The Buddhist Tantras are a varied group of Indian and Tibetan texts which outline unique views and practices of the Buddhist tantra religious systems.

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Buddhist texts

Buddhist texts were initially passed on orally by monks, but were later written down and composed as manuscripts in various Indo-Aryan languages which were then translated into other local languages as Buddhism spread.

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Buddhist vegetarianism

Buddhist vegetarianism is the belief that following a vegetarian diet is implied in the Buddha's teaching.

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Buddhist views on sin

There are a few differing Buddhist views on sin.

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Buddhology

Buddhology is the study of the Buddha or Buddhahood.

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Buduruvagala

Buduruwagala is an ancient buddhist temple in Sri Lanka.

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Bugun

The Buguns (formerly Khowa) are one of the earliest recognized schedule tribe of India, inhabiting the Singchung Sub-Division of West Kameng District of Arunachal Pradesh.

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Burial at sea

Burial at sea is the disposal of human remains in the ocean, normally from a ship or boat.

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Busshō (Shōbōgenzō)

Busshō, or Buddha Nature, is the third book of the Shōbōgenzō by the 13th century Sōtō Zen monk Eihei Dōgen.

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Caitika

Caitika was an early Buddhist school, a sub-sect of the Mahāsāṃghika.

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Cambodia

Cambodia (កម្ពុជា, or Kampuchea:, Cambodge), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia (ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, prĕəh riəciənaacak kampuciə,; Royaume du Cambodge), is a sovereign state located in the southern portion of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Cambodian Hokkien

Cambodian Hokkien commonly known as Khmer Hokkien (ខែ្មរ ចិនហុកគៀន) are the descendants of Hokkien Chinese who began settling in Cambodia during the first part of the 12th century.

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Canadians in China

Canadians in China consist mainly of expatriates and students from Canada to the People's Republic of China.

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Candi of Indonesia

A candi is a Hindu or Buddhist temple in Indonesia, mostly built during the Zaman Hindu-Buddha or "Indianized period", between the 4th and 15th centuries.

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Cantonese people

The Cantonese people are Han Chinese people originating from or residing in the provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi (together known as Liangguang), in southern mainland China.

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Cataphatic theology

Cataphatic theology or kataphatic theology is theology that uses "positive" terminology to describe or refer to the divine – specifically, God – i.e. terminology that describes or refers to what the divine is believed to be, in contrast to the "negative" terminology used in apophatic theology to indicate what it is believed the divine is not.

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Celibacy

Celibacy (from Latin, cælibatus") is the state of voluntarily being unmarried, sexually abstinent, or both, usually for religious reasons.

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Central Asia

Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north.

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Chakravarti (Sanskrit term)

Chakravarti (Sanskrit cakravartin, Pali cakkavattin), is a Sanskrit term used to refer to an ideal universal ruler who rules ethically and benevolently over the entire world.

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Champa

Champa (Chăm Pa) was a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is today central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd century AD before being absorbed and annexed by Vietnamese Emperor Minh Mạng in AD 1832.

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Chams

The Chams, or Cham people (Cham: Urang Campa, người Chăm or người Chàm, ជនជាតិចាម), are an ethnic group of Austronesian origin in Southeast Asia.

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Chan

Chan may refer to.

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Chan Buddhism

Chan (of), from Sanskrit dhyāna (meaning "meditation" or "meditative state"), is a Chinese school of Mahāyāna Buddhism.

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Châu Đốc

Châu Đốc is a city in An Giang Province, bordering Cambodia, in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam.

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Chöd

Chöd (lit. 'to sever'), is a spiritual practice found primarily in the Nyingma and Kagyu schools of Tibetan Buddhism (where it is classed as Anuttarayoga Tantra).

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Chögyam Trungpa

Chögyam Trungpa (Wylie: Chos rgyam Drung pa; March 5, 1939 – April 4, 1987) was a Buddhist meditation master and holder of both the Kagyu and Nyingma lineages, the eleventh Trungpa tülku, a tertön, supreme abbot of the Surmang monasteries, scholar, teacher, poet, artist, and originator of a radical re-presentation of Shambhala vision.

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Chelitalo

Chelitalo was an important port in Ancient Orissa, in northeast India, lying on the Chandrabhaga river in Konark.

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Cheng Beng Buddhist Society

Cheng Beng Buddhist Society, also the Vimalakirti Buddhist Centre, is a Buddhist monastery in Singapore.

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Cheontae

Cheontae is the Korean descendant of the Chinese Buddhist school Tiantai.

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Chin Kung

Chin Kung, AM (淨空; pinyin: Jìngkōng) (born 13 July 1927) is a Buddhist monk from the Mahayana tradition.

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Chinese Buddhism

Chinese Buddhism or Han Buddhism has shaped Chinese culture in a wide variety of areas including art, politics, literature, philosophy, medicine, and material culture.

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Chinese Cambodian

Chinese Cambodians are Cambodian citizens of Chinese or partial Chinese descent.

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Chinese Esoteric Buddhism

Chinese Esoteric Buddhism refers to traditions of Tantra and Esoteric Buddhism that have flourished among the Chinese people.

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Chinese Filipino

Chinese Filipinos (Filipino: Pilipinong Tsino, Tsinoy or Intsik) are Filipinos of Chinese descent, mostly born and raised in the Philippines.

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Chinese in New York City

The New York metropolitan area is home to the largest ethnic Chinese population outside of Asia, constituting the largest metropolitan Asian American group in the United States and the largest Asian-national metropolitan diaspora in the Western Hemisphere.

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Chinese New Year

Chinese New Year, usually known as the Spring Festival in modern China, is an important Chinese festival celebrated at the turn of the traditional lunisolar Chinese calendar.

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Chinese numismatic charm

Yansheng Coin, in the west they are more commonly known as Chinese numismatic charms or simply Chinese charms (alternatively they may be known as Chinese amulets or Chinese talismans), is a collection of special kinds of coins and coin-shaped objects used mainly for ritual uses as well as fortune telling and are involved in almost all forms of Chinese superstitions and Feng shui.

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Chinese people in Myanmar

The Chinese people in Burma, Burmese Chinese, Tayoke or Sino-Burmese (မြန်မာတရုတ်လူမျိုး) are a group of overseas Chinese born or raised in Burma (Myanmar).

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Chinese people in Portugal

Chinese people in Portugal (Chinese: 葡萄牙華人, Cantonese Yale: pòuh tòuh ngàh wàh yàhn) form the country's largest Asian community, but only the twelfth-largest foreign community overall.

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Chinese philosophy

Chinese philosophy originates in the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, during a period known as the "Hundred Schools of Thought", which was characterized by significant intellectual and cultural developments.

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Chinois (Réunion)

Chinois, also referred to by the Réunion Creole name Sinwa or Sinoi, are ethnic Chinese residing in Réunion, a French overseas department in the Indian Ocean.

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Chola invasion of Srivijaya

In 1025, Rajendra Chola, the Chola king from Tamil Nadu in South India, launched naval raids on ports of Srivijaya in maritime Southeast Asia, and conquered Kadaram (modern Kedah) from Srivijaya and occupied it for some time.

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Chom Thong District, Bangkok

Chom Thong (จอมทอง) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand.

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Christianity in Asia

Christianity in Asia has its roots in the very inception of Christianity, which originated from the life and teachings of Jesus in 1st century Roman Palestine.

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Christianity in China

Christianity in China appeared in the 7th century, during the Tang dynasty, but did not take root until it was reintroduced in the 16th century by Jesuit missionaries.

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Christmas Humphreys

Travers Christmas Humphreys, QC (15 February 1901 – 13 April 1983) was an English barrister who prosecuted several controversial cases in the 1940s and 1950s, and later became a judge at the Old Bailey.

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Chua Linh-Son Buddhist Temple

Chua Linh-Son is a Buddhist Temple, located on 4604 Duval Rd.

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Citipati (Buddhism)

Citipati(Sanskrit: चितिपति) is a protector deity or supernatural being in Tibetan Buddhism and Vajrayana Buddhism of India.

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Cittabhumi

The early Buddhist thinkers emphasised the unitary nature of the mind.

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City of Ten Thousand Buddhas

The City Of Ten Thousand Buddhas is an international Buddhist community and monastery founded by Hsuan Hua, an important figure in Western Buddhism.

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Classification of Buddha's teaching

The schools of Mahayana Buddhism developed several different schemes of doctrinal classification (Chinese: jiaoxiang panshi or panjiao).

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Clergy

Clergy are some of the main and important formal leaders within certain religions.

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Comparative religion

Comparative religion is the branch of the study of religions concerned with the systematic comparison of the doctrines and practices of the world's religions.

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Comparison of Buddhism and Christianity

Since the arrival of Christian missionaries in the East in the 13th century, followed by the arrival of Buddhism in Western Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, similarities were perceived between the practices of Buddhism and Christianity.

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Conceptions of God

Conceptions of God in monotheist, pantheist, and panentheist religions – or of the supreme deity in henotheistic religions – can extend to various levels of abstraction.

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Conceptual proliferation

In Buddhism, conceptual proliferation(papañca) refers to conceptualization of the world through the use of ever-expanding language and concepts.

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Cultural Development of Kamarupa

Kamarupa was most powerful and formidable kingdom in Northeast India ruled by the Varman and Pala dynasties from its capital in Pragjyotishpura and Durjaya in Lower Assam and by indigenous peoples at Haruppeswara in central Assam.

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Culture of Asia

The culture of Asia encompasses the collective and diverse customs and traditions of art, architecture, music, literature, lifestyle, philosophy, politics and religion that have been practiced and maintained by the numerous ethnic groups of the continent of Asia since prehistory.

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Culture of Buddhism

Buddhist culture is exemplified through Buddhist art, Buddhist architecture, Buddhist music and Buddhist cuisine.

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Culture of Hong Kong

The culture of Hong Kong, or Hongkongese culture, can best be described as a foundation that began with Lingnan's Cantonese culture (which is distinct to begin with) and, to a much lesser extent, non-Cantonese branches of Han Chinese cultures.

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Culture of Kathmandu

The ancient and refined traditional culture of Kathmandu, for that matter in the whole of Nepal, is an uninterrupted and exceptional meeting of the Hindu and Buddhist ethos practiced by its highly religious people.

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Culture of Korea

The traditional culture of Korea refers to the shared cultural heritage of the Korean Peninsula.

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Culture of Mozambique

The culture of Mozambique is in large part derived from its history of Bantu, Swahili, and Portuguese rule, and has expanded since independence in 1975.

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Culture of Myanmar

The culture of Myanmar (also known as Burma) has been heavily influenced by Buddhism and the Mon people.

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Culture of Thailand

Thailand's culture has evolved greatly over time, from the country's pre-globalization time in Sukhothai era, to its more contemporary Ayutthaya era, which absorbed influences from all over Asia.

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Culture of the Song dynasty

The Song dynasty (960–1279 AD) was a culturally rich and sophisticated age for China.

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Cunda Kammāraputta

Cunda Kammāraputta was a smith who gave Gautama Buddha his last meal as an offering while he visited his mango grove in Pāvā on his way to Kuśīnagara.

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D. T. Suzuki

Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki (鈴木 大拙 貞太郎 Suzuki Daisetsu Teitarō; he rendered his name "Daisetz" in 1894; 18 October 1870 – 12 July 1966) was a Japanese author of books and essays on Buddhism, Zen (Chan) and Shin that were instrumental in spreading interest in both Zen and Shin (and Far Eastern philosophy in general) to the West.

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Dakini

A ḍākinī (хандарма;; alternatively) is a type of spirit in Vajrayana Buddhism.

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Dakshina Kosala

Dakshina Kosala (IAST: Dakṣiṇa Kosala, "southern Kosala") is a historical region of central India.

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Darśana

Darśana (Sanskrit: दर्शन, lit. view, sight) is the auspicious sight of a deity or a holy person.

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Dark ages of Cambodia

The Dark ages of Cambodia, also called the Middle Period, refers to the historical era from the early 15th century to 1863, the beginning of the French Protectorate of Cambodia.

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Dashabhumika

Daśabhūmikā (Sanskrit. Chinese: 地論宗; pinyin di lun zong) was a Buddhist sect in China, based around Vasubandhu's Sanskrit sutra of the same name (Chinese 十地經; pinyin shi di jing; ten stages sutra).

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Dashanami Sampradaya

Dashanami Sanyasi (IAST "Tradition of Ten Names") is a Hindu monastic tradition of "single-staff renunciation " (ēkadaṇḍisannyāsi) generally associated with the Advaita Vedanta tradition.The disciples of Adi Shankaracharya are also called "Dash Nam Sanyasi" as the Title is further divided into ten groups viz.

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Dashavatara

Dashavatara (दशावतार) refers to the ten primary avatars of Vishnu, the Hindu god of preservation.

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David Seyfort Ruegg

David Seyfort Ruegg (New York, 1931) is an eminent Buddhologist with a long career, extending from the 1950s to the present.

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Dâu Pagoda

Dâu Pagoda (Vietnamese: chùa Dâu), also known under formal names: Diên Ứng (延應寺), Pháp Vân (法雲寺), and Cổ Châu, is a major Buddhist temple in Thanh Khương commune, huyện Thuận Thành, Bắc Ninh Province.

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Dīpankara Buddha

Dīpankara (Sanskrit and Pali, "Lamp bearer") is one of the Buddhas of the past.

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Delta Beta Tau

Delta Beta Tau (ΔΒΤ), is an American co-ed Buddhist college fraternity founded at San Diego State University (SDSU).

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Demographics of Cambodia

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Cambodia, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of China

The demographics of China are identified by a large population with a relatively small youth division, which was partially a result of China's one-child policy, which is now modified to a two-child policy in 2015.

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Demographics of Myanmar

The following is an overview of the demographics of Myanmar (also known as Burma), including statistics such as population, ethnicity, language, education level and religious affiliation.

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Demographics of the Philippines

Demography of the Philippines records the human population, including its population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects.

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Depictions of Gautama Buddha in film

The life of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, has been the subject of several films.

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Desire realm

The desire realm (Sanskrit: kāmadhātu) is one of the trailokya or three realms (Sanskrit: dhātu, Tibetan: khams) in Buddhist cosmology into which a being wandering in saṃsāra may be reborn.

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Detachment (philosophy)

Detachment, also expressed as non-attachment, is a state in which a person overcomes his or her attachment to desire for things, people or concepts of the world and thus attains a heightened perspective.

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Devadatta

Devadatta was by tradition a Buddhist monk, cousin and brother-in-law of Gautama Siddhārtha, the Sākyamuni Buddha, and brother of Ānanda, a principal student of the Buddha.

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Devapala (Pala dynasty)

Devapala (9th century) was the most powerful ruler of the Pala Empire of Bengal region in the Indian Subcontinent.

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Dhammadharini Vihara

Dhammadharini Vihara is a Buddhist women's monastic residence (vihara) in the Sonoma Hills of Santa Rosa, California.

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Dhammakaya meditation

Dhammakaya meditation is a method of Buddhist meditation developed and taught by the Thai meditation teacher Luang Pu Sodh Candasaro (1885–1959).

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Dhammakaya Movement

The Dhammakaya Movement or Dhammakaya tradition is a Thai Buddhist tradition which was started by Luang Pu Sodh Candasaro in the early 20th century.

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Dharma Bum Temple

Dharma Bum Temple is an American Buddhist temple in San Diego, California.

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Dharma Drum Mountain

Dharma Drum Mountain (DDM) is an international Buddhist spiritual, cultural, and educational foundation founded by late Chan Master Sheng-yen (1930 – 2009).

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Dharma Field Zen Center

Dharma Field Zen Center (Dharma Field Meditation and Learning Center) is a Zen Buddhist community that offers daily meditation, sesshins, Sunday morning Dharma talks, and a large web archive.

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Dharmadhatu

Dharmadhatu (Sanskrit) is the 'dimension', 'realm' or 'sphere' (dhātu) of the Dharma or Absolute Reality.

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Dharmaguptaka

The Dharmaguptaka (Sanskrit) are one of the eighteen or twenty early Buddhist schools, depending on the source.

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Dharmakāya

The dharmakāya (Sanskrit, "truth body" or "reality body") is one of the three bodies (trikaya) of a buddha in Mahayana Buddhism.

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Dharmapala

A dharmapāla is a type of wrathful god in Buddhism.

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Dharmapala of Nalanda

Dharmapāla (traditional Chinese: 護法, pinyin: Hùfǎ) (530-561 CE).

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Dharmaraja (Buddhism)

Dharmaraja is the title of a Buddha, often mentioned in the Buddhist scriptures.

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Dharmarakṣita (9th century)

Dharmarakṣita is a c. 9th century Indian Buddhist credited with composing an important Mahayana text called the Wheel of Sharp Weapons (Tib. blo-sbyong mtshon-cha 'khor-lo).

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Dharmasraya

Dharmasraya is the capital and also the name of the 11th century Malay Hinduism kingdom based on the Batanghari river system in modern-day Jambi and West Sumatra, on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia.

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Dhowa rock temple

Dhowa Rock Temple (Sinhala:දෝව රජ මහා විහාරය) is a protected heritage site in Sri Lanka, situated in the central mountains of the Uva province.

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Dhyāna sutras

The Dhyāna sutras or "meditation summaries" are a group of early Buddhist meditation texts which are mostly based on the Yogacara meditation teachings of the Sarvāstivāda school of Kashmir circa 1st-4th centuries CE.

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Diamond Sutra

The Diamond Sūtra (Sanskrit:Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra) is a Mahāyāna (Buddhist) sūtra from the Prajñāpāramitā sutras or 'Perfection of Wisdom' genre.

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Diligence

Diligence is one of the seven heavenly virtues.

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Diwali

Diwali or Deepavali is the Hindu festival of lights celebrated every year in autumn in the northern hemisphere (spring in southern hemisphere).

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Donald S. Lopez Jr.

Donald Sewell Lopez Jr. (born 1952) is the Arthur E. Link Distinguished University Professor of Buddhist and Tibetan Studies at the University of Michigan, in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures.

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Dongguk University

Dongguk University (Korean: 동국대학교, Hanja: 東國大學校) is a private, coeducational university in South Korea, based on Buddhism.

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Dosmoche

Dosmoche is a festival celebrated in Ladakh, India.

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Dream argument

The dream argument is the postulation that the act of dreaming provides preliminary evidence that the senses we trust to distinguish reality from illusion should not be fully trusted, and therefore, any state that is dependent on our senses should at the very least be carefully examined and rigorously tested to determine whether it is in fact reality.

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Drigar Thubten Dargye Ling

Drigar Thubten Dargye Ling, is a Buddhist center in Singapore.

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Dvaravati art

Dvaravati art is a form of artistic work originating from Thailand.

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Dzogchen

Dzogchen or "Great Perfection", Sanskrit: अतियोग, is a tradition of teachings in Tibetan Buddhism aimed at discovering and continuing in the natural primordial state of being.

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Early Buddhism

The term Early Buddhism can refer to two distinct periods, both of which are covered in a separate article.

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Early Buddhist schools

The early Buddhist schools are those schools into which the Buddhist monastic saṅgha initially split, due originally to differences in vinaya and later also due to doctrinal differences and geographical separation of groups of monks.

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Early Buddhist Texts

Early Buddhist Texts (EBTs) or Early Buddhist Literature refers to the parallel texts shared by the Early Buddhist schools, including the first four Pali Nikayas, some Vinaya material like the Patimokkhas of the different Buddhist schools as well as the Chinese Āgama literature.

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Early history of Cambodia

The Early history of Cambodia follows the prehistoric and protohistoric development of Cambodia a country in mainland Southeast Asia.

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East Asia

East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural "The East Asian cultural sphere evolves when Japan, Korea, and what is today Vietnam all share adapted elements of Chinese civilization of this period (that of the Tang dynasty), in particular Buddhism, Confucian social and political values, and literary Chinese and its writing system." terms.

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East Asian Buddhism

East Asian Buddhism is a collective term for the schools of Mahayana Buddhism that developed in the East Asian region and follow the Chinese Buddhist canon.

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East Asian cultural sphere

The "Sinosphere", or "East Asian cultural sphere", refers to a grouping of countries and regions in East Asia that were historically influenced by the Chinese culture.

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East Asian religions

In the study of comparative religion, the East Asian religions form a subset of the Eastern religions.

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East Asian Yogācāra

East Asian Yogācāra ("'Consciousness Only' school" or, "'Dharma Characteristics' school") refers to the traditions in East Asia which represent the Indian Yogacara system of thought.

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Eastern philosophy

Eastern philosophy or Asian philosophy includes the various philosophies that originated in East and South Asia including Chinese philosophy, Japanese philosophy, Korean philosophy which are dominant in East Asia and Vietnam, and Indian philosophy (including Buddhist philosophy) which are dominant in South Asia, Tibet and Southeast Asia.

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Eastern religions

The Eastern religions are the religions originating in East, South and Southeast Asia and thus having dissimilarities with Western religions.

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Edward Conze

Eberhart (Edward) Julius Dietrich Conze (1904 – September 24, 1979) was an Anglo-German scholar probably best known for his pioneering translations of Buddhist texts.

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Eight Consciousnesses

The Eight Consciousnesses (Skt. aṣṭa vijñānakāyāḥ) is a classification developed in the tradition of the Yogācāra school of Mahayana Buddhism.

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Eighteen Arhats

The Eighteen Arhats are depicted in Mahayana Buddhism as the original followers of Gautama Buddha who have followed the Noble Eightfold Path and attained the four stages of enlightenment.

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Eihei-ji

250px is one of two main temples of the Sōtō school of Zen Buddhism, the largest single religious denomination in Japan (by number of temples in a single legal entity).

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Ekavyāvahārika

The Ekavyāvahārika (Sanskrit: एकव्यावहारिक) was one of the early Buddhist schools, and is thought to have separated from the Mahāsāṃghika sect during the reign of Aśoka.

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Ekottara Agama

The Ekottara Āgama (Sanskrit) is an early Indian Buddhist text, of which currently only a Chinese translation is extant (Taishō Tripiṭaka 125).

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Eleven-Faced Avalokitesvara Heart Dharani Sutra

The Heart-dhāraṇī of Avalokiteśvara-ekadaśamukha Sūtra (Chinese:佛說十一面觀世音神咒經; Japanese:十一面神呪心經 Jūichimen-jinshushin-gyō) is a Buddhist text first translated from Sanskrit into Chinese on the 28th day of the third lunar month of 656 CE, by Xuanzang.

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Ellora Caves

Ellora (\e-ˈlȯr-ə\, IAST), located in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra, India, is one of the largest rock-cut monastery-temple cave complexes in the world, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, featuring Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monuments, and artwork, dating from the 600-1000 CE period.

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Empire of Harsha

The Empire of Harsha was an ancient Indian empire founded and ruled by Emperor Harsha from the capital Kannauj.

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Enlightenment (spiritual)

Enlightenment is the "full comprehension of a situation".

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Enlightenment in Buddhism

The English term enlightenment is the western translation of the term bodhi, "awakening", which was popularised in the Western world through the 19th century translations of Max Müller.

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Enni

Enni Ben'en (圓爾辯圓; Chinese Yuan'er Bianyuan; 1202–1280) was a Japanese Buddhist monk.

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Enryaku-ji

is a Tendai monastery located on Mount Hiei in Ōtsu, overlooking Kyoto.

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Entheogen

An entheogen is a class of psychoactive substances that induce any type of spiritual experience aimed at development.

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Essence

In philosophy, essence is the property or set of properties that make an entity or substance what it fundamentally is, and which it has by necessity, and without which it loses its identity.

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Etai Yamada

The Most Venerable Etai Yamada (1900–1999) was the 253rd head priest of the Japanese Tendai school of Mahayana Buddhism.

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Ethics (Spinoza)

Ethics, Demonstrated in Geometrical Order (Ethica, ordine geometrico demonstrata), usually known as the Ethics, is a philosophical treatise written by Benedict de Spinoza.

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Ethics in religion

Ethics involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior.

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Evgeny Torchinov

Evgeny Torchinov (Russian Евгений Алексеевич Торчинов), (August 22, 1956 – July 12, 2003), was a Russian sinologist, Buddhist scholar, professor, and translator.

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Examples of civil disobedience

The following are examples of civil disobedience from around the world.

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Existence

Existence, in its most generic terms, is the ability to, directly or indirectly, interact with reality or, in more specific cases, the universe.

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Faith

In the context of religion, one can define faith as confidence or trust in a particular system of religious belief, within which faith may equate to confidence based on some perceived degree of warrant, in contrast to the general sense of faith being a belief without evidence.

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Faith in Buddhism

In Buddhism, faith (italic, italic) refers to a serene commitment to the practice of the Buddha's teaching and trust in enlightened or highly developed beings, such as Buddhas or bodhisattvas (those aiming to become a Buddha).

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Far future in religion

Discussions of the far future are of major importance both in theology and folk religion.

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Fazang

Fazang (643–712) was the third of the five patriarchs of the Huayan school of Mahayana Bhuddhism.

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February

February is the second and shortest month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendar with 28 days in common years and 29 days in leap years, with the quadrennial 29th day being called the leap day.

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February 15

No description.

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February 8

No description.

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Femininity

Femininity (also called girlishness, womanliness or womanhood) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with girls and women.

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Feng Zikai

Feng Zikai (November 9, 1898 – September 15, 1975) was an influential Chinese painter, pioneering ''manhua'' (漫画) artist, essayist, and lay Buddhist of twentieth century China.

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Ficus racemosa

Ficus racemosa (syn. Ficus glomerata Roxb.) is a species of plant in the family Moraceae.

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Fierce deities

In Buddhism, fierce deities are the fierce, wrathful or forceful (Tibetan: trowo, Sanskrit: krodha) forms of enlightened Buddhas, Bodhisattvas or Devas (divine beings).

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Five faults and eight antidotes

The five faults and eight antidotes are factors of samatha meditation identified in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition.

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Five hindrances

In the Buddhist tradition, the five hindrances (Sanskrit: पञ्च निवारण pañca nivāraṇa; Pali) are identified as mental factors that hinder progress in meditation and in our daily lives.

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Five Precepts

The five precepts (pañcasīlāni; pañcaśīlāni)) constitute the basic code of ethics undertaken by upāsaka and upāsikā (lay followers) of Buddhism. The precepts in all the traditions are essentially identical and are commitments to abstain from harming living beings, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying and intoxication. Undertaking the five precepts is part of both lay Buddhist initiation and regular lay Buddhist devotional practices. They are not formulated as imperatives, but as training rules that lay people undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice. Additionally, in the Theravāda school of Buddhism, the bhikkhuni lineage died out, and women renunciates practicing Theravadin Buddhism have developed unofficial options for their own practice, dedicating their life to religion, vowing celibacy, living an ascetic life and holding eight or ten precepts.

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Fo Guang Shan

Fo Guang Shan is an international Chinese Buddhist monastic order and new religious movement based in Taiwan.

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Fo Guang Shan Temple, Toronto

Fo Guang Shan Temple, Mississauga is a Buddhist temple of the Mahayana monastic order in Mississauga, Ontario.

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Foo Hai Ch'an Monastery

Foo Hai Ch'an Monastery, is a Buddhist monastery in Singapore.

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Four Noble Truths

The Four Noble Truths refer to and express the basic orientation of Buddhism in a short expression: we crave and cling to impermanent states and things, which are dukkha, "incapable of satisfying" and painful.

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Fourth Buddhist council

Fourth Buddhist Council is the name of two separate Buddhist council meetings.

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Free migration

Free migration or open immigration is the position that people should be able to migrate to whatever country they choose.

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Freedom of religion in Bhutan

The Bhutanese Constitution of 2008 and previous law provide for freedom of religion in Bhutan; however, the government has limited non-Buddhist missionary activity, barring non-Buddhist missionaries from entering the country, limiting construction of non-Buddhist religious buildings, and restricting the celebration of some non-Buddhist religious festivals.

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Freedom of religion in Laos

The Constitution provides for freedom of religion; however, the Government restricted this right in practice.

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Freedom of religion in Myanmar

Myanmar has been under the rule of repressive authoritarian military regimes since 1962.

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Freedom of religion in Thailand

In Thailand, the freedom of religion is protected through statutory means.

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Freedom of religion in Vietnam

The Constitution of Vietnam officially provides for freedom of worship, while the government has imposed a range of legislation restricting religious practices.

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French Cochinchina

French Cochinchina, sometimes spelled Cochin-China (Cochinchine Française, Nam Kỳ, Hán tự: 南圻), was a colony of French Indochina, encompassing the Cochinchina region of southern Vietnam.

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French Indochina

French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China) (French: Indochine française; Lao: ສະຫະພັນອິນດູຈີນ; Khmer: សហភាពឥណ្ឌូចិន; Vietnamese: Đông Dương thuộc Pháp/東洋屬法,, frequently abbreviated to Đông Pháp; Chinese: 法属印度支那), officially known as the Indochinese Union (French: Union indochinoise) after 1887 and the Indochinese Federation (French: Fédération indochinoise) after 1947, was a grouping of French colonial territories in Southeast Asia.

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Funan

Funan, (ហ្វូណន - Fonon), (Phù Nam) or Nokor Phnom (នគរភ្នំ) was the name given by Chinese cartographers, geographers and writers to an ancient Indianised state—or, rather a loose network of states (Mandala)—located in mainland Southeast Asia centered on the Mekong Delta that existed from the first to sixth century CE.

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Fundamentalism

Fundamentalism usually has a religious connotation that indicates unwavering attachment to a set of irreducible beliefs.

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Fushan Temple

Fushansi (ကုက္ကိုင်းဘုရားကျောင်း; also spelt Fu Shan Si or Fu Sun Si), located on Kaba Aye Pagoda Road in Bahan Township, Yangon, is a Mahayana Buddhist temple founded in January 1875 by overseas Chinese descended from Hoklo people from Anxi County, Fujian.

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Fuzhou

Fuzhou, formerly romanized as Foochow, is the capital and one of the largest cities in Fujian province, China.

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Fuzhou people

The people of Fuzhou (Chinese: 福州人; Foochow Romanized: Hók-ciŭ-nè̤ng), also known as Fuzhounese, Foochowese, Hokchew, Hokchia, Hokchiu, Sei Ay people (十邑人), Eastern Min or Mindong usually refers to people who originate from Fuzhou region and the Mindong region, adjacent Gutian County, Pingnan County, in Fujian province of China and in the Matsu Islands of Taiwan (Republic of China).

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Gal Vihara

The Gal Vihara (ගල් විහාරය), also known as Gal Viharaya and originally as the Uttararama, is a rock temple of the Buddha situated in the ancient city of Polonnaruwa in North Central Province, Sri Lanka.

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Gan Chinese-speaking people

The Gan-speaking Chinese or Jiangxi people or Kiang-Si people (old romanized spelling) are a subgroup of Han Chinese people.

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Gandavyuha

The Gaṇḍavyūha Sutra or The Flower Ornament Scripture is a Buddhist Mahayana Sutra of Indian origin dating roughly c. 200 to 300 CE.

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Gandhara

Gandhāra was an ancient kingdom situated along the Kabul and Swat rivers of Afghanistan and Pakistan.

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Gandharan Buddhism

Gandhāran Buddhism refers to the Buddhist culture of ancient Gandhāra which was a major center of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent from the 3rd century BCE to approximately 1200 CE.

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Gandhāran Buddhist texts

The Gandhāran Buddhist texts are the oldest Buddhist manuscripts yet discovered, dating from about the 1st century CE.

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Ganesha

Ganesha (गणेश), also known as Ganapati, Vinayaka, Pillaiyar and Binayak, is one of the best-known and most worshipped deities in the Hindu pantheon.

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Gao Kaidao

Gao Kaidao (高開道) (died 624), at one point known as Li Kaidao (李開道), was an agrarian rebel leader who rose against Sui Dynasty rule at the end of Emperor Yang's reign.

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Garlic

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, Allium.

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Gaudapada

Gauḍapāda (c.6th century CE), also referred as, was an early medieval era scholar of the Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy.

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Gautama Buddha

Gautama Buddha (c. 563/480 – c. 483/400 BCE), also known as Siddhārtha Gautama, Shakyamuni Buddha, or simply the Buddha, after the title of Buddha, was an ascetic (śramaṇa) and sage, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded.

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Gautama Buddha in world religions

Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, is also venerated as a manifestation of God in Hinduism, Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and the Bahá'í faith.

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Gayatri Rajapatni

Gayatri Rajapatni (circa 1276?—1350) was the queen consort of Majapahit's founder and first king Kertarajasa Jayawardhana, and also the mother of Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi, the queen regnal of Majapahit.

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Gāndhārī language

Gāndhārī is a modern name (first used by scholar Harold Walter Bailey in 1946) for the Prakrit language of Kharoṣṭhi texts dating to between the third century BCE and fourth century CE found in the northwestern region of Gandhāra, but it was also heavily used in Central Asia and even appears in inscriptions in Luoyang and Anyang.

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Gelug

The Gelug (Wylie: dGe-Lugs-Pa) is the newest of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Geyi

Geyi ("categorizing concepts") originated as a 3rd-century Chinese Buddhist method for explaining lists of Sanskrit terms from the Buddhist canon with comparable lists from Chinese classics; but many 20th-century scholars of Buddhism misconstrued geyi "matching concepts" as a supposed method of translating Sanskrit technical terminology with Chinese Daoist vocabulary (such as rendering Śūnyatā "emptiness" with Wu 無 "without").

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Ghatotkacha Cave

Ghatotkach Caves are situated 18 km to west of Ajantha, near Jinjala village India.

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Ghazni Province

Ghazni (غزنی; غزني) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the southeastern part of the country.

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Ghoonghat

A ghoonghat (ghunghat, ghunghta, ghumta, odhni, laaj, chunari, jhund) is a veil or headscarf worn by some married Hindu, Jain and Sikh women to cover their head, and often their face.

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Ghor Province

Ghōr (Pashto/غور), also spelled Ghowr or Ghur, is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.

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Ghost Festival

The Ghost Festival, also known as the Hungry Ghost Festival, Zhongyuan Jie (中元节), Gui Jie (鬼节) or Yulan Festival is a traditional Buddhist and Taoist festival held in certain Asian countries.

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Ghurid dynasty

The Ghurids or Ghorids (سلسله غوریان; self-designation: شنسبانی, Shansabānī) were a dynasty of Eastern Iranian descent from the Ghor region of present-day central Afghanistan, presumably Tajik, but the exact ethnic origin is uncertain, and it has been argued that they were Pashtun.

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Giác Lâm Pagoda

Giác Lâm Pagoda (Chùa Giác Lâm; chữ Hán: 覺林寺, Giác Lâm tự) is a historic Buddhist pagoda in Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam.

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Gin people

The Gin or Jing people (Yale: Gīng juhk; Vietnamese: Kinh tộc or người Kinh) are an ethnic minority group that live in southeastern China, who are descendants of ethnic Vietnamese.

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Girihandu Seya

Girihandu Seya (also known as Nithupathpana Vihara)is an ancient Buddhist temple situated in Thiriyai, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka.

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Glass family

The Glass family is a group of fictional characters that have been featured in a number of J. D. Salinger's short stories.

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Glossary of Buddhism

Some Buddhist terms and concepts lack direct translations into English that cover the breadth of the original term.

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Glossary of Japanese Buddhism

This is the glossary of Japanese Buddhism, including major terms the casual (or brand-new) reader might find useful in understanding articles on the subject.

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Glossary of philosophy

A glossary of terms used in philosophy.

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Gnosticism

Gnosticism (from γνωστικός gnostikos, "having knowledge", from γνῶσις, knowledge) is a modern name for a variety of ancient religious ideas and systems, originating in Jewish-Christian milieus in the first and second century AD.

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Golden Light Sutra

The Golden Light Sutra or (IAST: Suvarṇaprabhāsottamasūtrendrarājaḥ), also known by the Old Uygur title Altun Yaruq, is a Buddhist text of the Mahayana branch of Buddhism.

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Gongen

A, literally "incarnation", was believed to be the manifestation of a buddha in the form of an indigenous kami, an entity who had come to guide the people to salvation, during the era of shinbutsu-shūgō in premodern Japan.

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Govindachandra (Gahadavala dynasty)

Govindachandra (IAST: Govindacandra, 1114–1155 CE) was an Indian king from the Gahadavala dynasty.

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Greater India

The term Greater India is most commonly used to encompass the historical and geographic extent of all political entities of the Indian subcontinent, and the regions which are culturally linked to India or received significant Indian cultural influence.

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Greco-Buddhism

Greco-Buddhism, or Graeco-Buddhism, is the cultural syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism, which developed between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD in Bactria and the Indian subcontinent, corresponding to the territories of modern-day Afghanistan, Tajikistan, India, and Pakistan.

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Greco-Buddhist art

Greco-Buddhist art is the artistic manifestation of Greco-Buddhism, a cultural syncretism between the Classical Greek culture and Buddhism, which developed over a period of close to 1000 years in Central Asia, between the conquests of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC, and the Islamic conquests of the 7th century AD.

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Guanyin

Guanyin or Guan Yin is an East Asian bodhisattva associated with compassion and venerated by Mahayana Buddhists and followers of Chinese folk religions, also known as the "Goddess of Mercy" in English.

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Guanyin Gumiao Temple

Guanyin Gumiao Temple (also known as the Guangdong Guanyin Temple) is one of two major Chinese temples located within Latha Township in Yangon's Chinatown.

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Guṇabhadra

Gunabhadra (394–468) was a monk of Mahayana Buddhism from Magadha, India.

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Guge

Guge was an ancient kingdom in Western Tibet.

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Guifeng Zongmi

Guifeng Zongmi (780–841) was a Tang dynasty Buddhist scholar and bhikkhu, installed as fifth patriarch of the Huayan school as well as a patriarch of the Heze school of Southern Chan Buddhism. Zongmi was deeply affected by both Chan and Huayan. He wrote a number of works on the contemporary situation of Buddhism in Tang China, including critical analyses of Chan and Huayan, as well as numerous scriptural exegeses. Zongmi was deeply interested in both the practical and doctrinal aspects of Buddhism. He was especially concerned about harmonizing the views of those that tended toward exclusivity in either direction. He provided doctrinal classifications of Buddhist teachings, accounting for the apparent disparities in doctrines by categorizing them according to their specific aims.

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Guo Jun

Ven.

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Guoqing Temple

The Guoqing Temple is a Buddhist temple on Mount Tiantai, in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China.

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Gupta Empire

The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire, existing from approximately 240 to 590 CE.

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Gustav Meyrink

Gustav Meyrink (January 19, 1868 – December 4, 1932) was the pseudonym of Gustav Meyer, an Austrian author, novelist, dramatist, translator, and banker, most famous for his novel The Golem.

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H're people

The H're people (Vietnamese: người Hrê) are an ethnic group of Vietnam, speaking a language in the Mon–Khmer family.

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H. S. Shivaprakash

H.S. Shivaprakash (Hulkuntemath Shivamurthy Sastri Shivaprakash, born 1954) is a leading poet and playwright writing in Kannada.

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Hai Inn Temple

Hai Inn Temple, is a Buddhist monastery in Singapore.

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Hakka people

The Hakkas, sometimes Hakka Han, are Han Chinese people whose ancestral homes are chiefly in the Hakka-speaking provincial areas of Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Zhejiang, Hainan and Guizhou.

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Han Chinese

The Han Chinese,.

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Han Taiwanese

Han Taiwanese or Taiwanese Hans (Mandarin: 臺灣漢人) are Taiwanese people of Han (Mandarin: 漢人) descent, the largest ethnic group in the world.

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Hanshan (poet)

Hanshan (fl. 9th century) is a legendary figure associated with a collection of poems from the Chinese Tang Dynasty in the Taoist and Chan tradition.

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Hayagriva (Buddhism)

In Tibetan and Japanese Buddhism, Hayagrīva ("having the neck of a horse") is an important deity who originated as a yaksha attendant of Avalokiteśvara or Guanyin Bodhisattva in India.

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Head of Shiva

Head of Shiva is a statue of Shiva made of sandstone.

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Heart Sutra

The Heart Sūtra (Sanskrit or Chinese 心經 Xīnjīng) is a popular sutra in Mahāyāna Buddhism.

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Heaven

Heaven, or the heavens, is a common religious, cosmological, or transcendent place where beings such as gods, angels, spirits, saints, or venerated ancestors are said to originate, be enthroned, or live.

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Heian period

The is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185.

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Helena Blavatsky

Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (Еле́на Петро́вна Блава́тская, Yelena Petrovna Blavatskaya; 8 May 1891) was a Russian occultist, philosopher, and author who co-founded the Theosophical Society in 1875.

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Hinayana

"Hīnayāna" is a Sanskrit term literally meaning the "inferior vehicle".

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Hinduism in Southeast Asia

Hinduism in Southeast Asia has a profound impact on the region's cultural development and its history.

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Hiroshi Motoyama

was a Japanese parapsychologist, scientist, spiritual instructor and author whose primary topic was spiritual self-cultivation and the relationship between the mind and body.

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Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities)

The UNESCO World Heritage Site Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities) encompasses 17 locations in Japan within the city of Kyoto and its immediate vicinity.

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Historical Vishnuism

Historical Vishnuism as early worship of the deity Vishnu is one of the historical components, branches or origins of the contemporary and early Vaishnavism, which was subject of considerable study, and often showing that Vishnuism is a distinctive worship — a sect.

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History of Asian art

The history of Asian art or Eastern art, includes a vast range of influences from various cultures and religions.

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History of Bali

The history of Bali covers a period from the Paleolithic to the present, and is characterized by migrations of people and cultures from other parts of Asia.

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History of Bangladesh

Modern Bangladesh emerged as an independent nation in 1971 after breaking away and achieving independence from Pakistan in the Bangladesh Liberation War.

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History of Bengal

The history of Bengal includes modern-day Bangladesh and West Bengal in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, at the apex of the Bay of Bengal and dominated by the fertile Ganges delta.

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History of Bhutan

Bhutan's early history is steeped in mythology and remains obscure.

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History of Bihar

The history of Bihar is one of the most varied in India.

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History of Buddhism

The history of Buddhism spans from the 5th century BCE to the present.

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History of Buddhism in India

Buddhism is a world religion, which arose in and around the ancient Kingdom of Magadha (now in Bihar, India), and is based on the teachings of Siddhārtha Gautama who was deemed a "Buddha" ("Awakened One").

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History of Cambodia

The history of Cambodia, a country in mainland Southeast Asia, can be traced back to at least the 5th millennium BC.

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History of Champa

The history of Champa begins in prehistory with the migration of the ancestors of the Cham people to mainland Southeast Asia and the founding of their Indianized maritime kingdom based in what is now central Vietnam in the early centuries AD, and ends when the final vestiges of the kingdom were annexed and absorbed by Vietnam in 1832.

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History of Hinduism

History of Hinduism denotes a wide variety of related religious traditions native to the Indian subcontinent notably in modern-day Nepal and India.

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History of Hyderabad

Hyderabad is a historic city noted for its many monuments, temples, mosques and bazaars.

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History of India

The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; the advancement of civilisation from the Indus Valley Civilisation to the eventual blending of the Indo-Aryan culture to form the Vedic Civilisation; the rise of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism;Sanderson, Alexis (2009), "The Śaiva Age: The Rise and Dominance of Śaivism during the Early Medieval Period." In: Genesis and Development of Tantrism, edited by Shingo Einoo, Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, 2009.

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History of Kathmandu

The history of the city of Kathmandu, which is inseparable from that of the Kathmandu valley, dates back to ancient times.

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History of large numbers

Different cultures used different traditional numeral systems for naming large numbers.

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History of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent

The history of metallurgy in the Indian subcontinent began prior to the 3rd millennium BCE and continued well into the British Raj.

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History of Myanmar

The history of Myanmar (also known as Burma) covers the period from the time of first-known human settlements 13,000 years ago to the present day.

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History of printing

The history of printing goes back to the duplication of images by means of stamps in very early times.

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History of Sambalpur

Sambalpur (ସମ୍ବଲପୁର) is a district of Odisha.

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History of Southeast Asia

The term Southeast Asia has been in use since World War II.

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History of Sri Lanka

The earliest human remains found on the island of Sri Lanka date to about 35,000 years ago (Balangoda Man).

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History of Thailand

History of Thailand concerns the history of the Thai people, who originally lived in southwestern China, migrated into mainland Southeast Asia over a period of many centuries.

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History of the Maldives

The Maldives is a nation consisting of 28 natural atolls, comprising 1194 islands.

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History of the Thai Forest Tradition

The Kammatthana meditation tradition originally grew out of the Dhammayut reform movement, founded by Mongkut in the 1820s as an attempt to raise the bar for what was perceived as the "lax" Buddhist practice of the regional Buddhist traditions at the time.

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History of Tibetan Buddhism

Buddhism was first actively disseminated in Tibet from the 7th to the 9th century CE, predominantly from India, but also influenced by Chinese Buddhism.

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History of vegetarianism

Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.

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Ho Chi Minh City

Ho Chi Minh City (Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh; or; formerly Hô-Chi-Minh-Ville), also widely known by its former name of Saigon (Sài Gòn; or), is the largest city in Vietnam by population.

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Hoa people

The Hoa (Hua 華 in Mandarin Chinese, literally "Chinese") are a minority group living in Vietnam consisting of persons considered ethnic Chinese ("Overseas Chinese").

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Hoklo people

The Hoklo people are Han Chinese people whose traditional ancestral homes are in Fujian, South China.

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Holy water

Holy water is water that has been blessed by a member of the clergy or a religious figure.

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Hong Kong Canadians

Hong Kong Canadians or Canadians of Hong Kong origin (or 加拿大港人) are Canadian citizens who identify themselves to be of Hong Kong descent.

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Honmon Butsuryū-shū

The Honmon Butsuryū-shū (本門佛立宗) is a branch of Honmon Hokke Shū sect (one of the most ancient sects of Nichiren Buddhism).

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Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii

The Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii is a district of the Nishi (West) Hongwanji branch of Jodo Shinshu Buddhism, a school of Mahayana Pure Land Buddhism.

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Householder (Buddhism)

In English translations of Buddhist texts, householder denotes a variety of terms.

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Hsuan Hua

Hsuan Hua (April 16, 1918 – June 7, 1995), also known as An Tzu and Tu Lun, was a monk of Chan Buddhism and a contributing figure in bringing Chinese Buddhism to the United States in the 20th century.

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Hua Giam Si

Hua Giam Si, is a Buddhist monastery in Singapore.

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Huayan

The Huayan or Flower Garland school of Buddhism (from Avataṃsaka) is a tradition of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy that first flourished in China during the Tang dynasty.

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Huiyuan (Buddhist)

Huiyuan (334–416 AD) was a Chinese Buddhist teacher who founded Donglin Temple on Mount Lushan in Jiangxi province and wrote the text On Why Monks Do Not Bow Down Before Kings in 404 AD.

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Human rights in Bhutan

Human rights in Bhutan are those outlined in Article 7 of its Constitution.

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Hunanese people

The Hunanese people or Xiang-speaking Chinese (Xiang Chinese: 湘語人 Shiōn'nỳ nin) are a Xiang-speaking Han ethnic subgroup originating from Hunan province in Southern China, but Xiang-speaking people are also found in the adjacent provinces of Guangxi and Guizhou.

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Huvishka

Huvishka (Kushan: Οοηϸκι, "Ooishki") was the emperor of the Kushan Empire from the death of Kanishka (assumed on the best evidence available to be in 140 CE) until the succession of Vasudeva I about forty years later.

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Icchantika

In Mahayana Buddhism the icchantika is a deluded person who can never attain Liberation and Nirvana.

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Idealism

In philosophy, idealism is the group of metaphysical philosophies that assert that reality, or reality as humans can know it, is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed, or otherwise immaterial.

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Immortality

Immortality is eternal life, being exempt from death, unending existence.

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Index of Buddhism-related articles

No description.

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Index of China-related articles (M–Z)

The following is a breakdown of the list of China-related topics.

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Index of Eastern philosophy articles

This is a list of articles in Eastern philosophy.

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Index of Japan-related articles (M)

This page lists Japan-related articles with romanized titles beginning with the letter M. For names of people, please list by surname (i.e., "Tarō Yamada" should be listed under "Y", not "T").

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Index of philosophy articles (I–Q)

No description.

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Index of philosophy of religion articles

This is a list of articles in philosophy of religion.

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Index of religion-related articles

Many Wikipedia articles on religious topics are not yet listed on this page.

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India–Sri Lanka relations

India–Sri Lanka relations have been friendly, but were controversially affected by the Sri Lankan Civil War and by the failure of Indian intervention during the war.

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Indian Singaporeans

Indian Singaporeans or Singaporean Indians (சிங்கப்பூர் இந்தியர்கள், Ciṅkappūr Intiyarkaḷ) – defined as persons of South Asian ancestry – constitute 7.4% of the country's citizens, making them the third largest ethnic group in Singapore.

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Indians in Vietnam

, there were about 2,000 people of Indian origin settled in Vietnam, mainly in Saigon.

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Indo-Greek Kingdom

The Indo-Greek Kingdom or Graeco-Indian Kingdom was an Hellenistic kingdom covering various parts of Afghanistan and the northwest regions of the Indian subcontinent (parts of modern Pakistan and northwestern India), during the last two centuries BC and was ruled by more than thirty kings, often conflicting with one another.

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Indo-Parthian Kingdom

The Indo-Parthian Kingdom was ruled by the Gondopharid dynasty and other rulers who were a group of ancient kings from Central Asia that ruled parts of present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan and northwestern India, during or slightly before the 1st century AD.

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Indonesians in the United Kingdom

Indonesian people in the United Kingdom includes British citizens and non-citizen immigrants and expatriates of Indonesian descent in the United Kingdom.

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Indra's net

Indra's net (also called Indra's jewels or Indra's pearls, Sanskrit Indrajāla) is a metaphor used to illustrate the concepts of Śūnyatā (emptiness), pratītyasamutpāda (dependent origination),.

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Indrapura (Champa)

Indrapura was the capital city of the ancient kingdom of Champa from 875 CE, for several decades,Maspero, G., 2002, The Champa Kingdom, Bangkok: White Lotus Co., Ltd., under the reign of Indravarman II and some of his followers belonging to the 6th dynasty in Dong Duong.

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Ingada Sonja

Ingada sonja (Japanese: 因掲陀尊者) is one of the Sixteen Arhats or Rakan (Japanese: 十六羅漢, Juroku Rakan) of Buddhism, saintly men who were predecessors or disciples of the Buddha.

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Initiation (Theosophy)

Initiation is a concept in Theosophy that there are nine levels of spiritual development that beings who live on Earth can progress upward through.

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Innumerable Meanings Sutra

The Innumerable Meanings Sutra also known as the Infinite Meanings Sutra (Sanskrit: अनन्त निर्देश सूत्र, Ananta Nirdeśa Sūtra;; Japanese: Muryōgi Kyō; Korean: Muryangeui Gyeong) is a Mahayana buddhist text.

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International Buddhist College

International Buddhist College (IBC) (Thai: วิทยาลัยพุทธศาสนานานาชาติ) is an inter-sectarian Buddhist higher education institute in Sadao District, Songkhla Province, Thailand.

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International Buddhist Studies College

International Buddhist Studies College (IBSC) is a graduate college of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University in Wang Noi District, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province, Thailand.

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International Buddhist Temple

The International Buddhist Temple (also 觀音寺 in Chinese; Guan Yin Sì in pinyin; Guan Yin Temple) is located in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada.

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Ishvara

Ishvara (Sanskrit: ईश्वर, IAST: Īśvara) is a concept in Hinduism, with a wide range of meanings that depend on the era and the school of Hinduism.

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Island (Huxley novel)

Island is the final book by English writer Aldous Huxley, published in 1962.

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Jade Buddha Temple

The Jade Buddha Temple (literally Jade Buddha Chan Temple) is a Buddhist temple in Shanghai, China.

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Jagannath

Jagannath ('''ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ'''., IAST: Jagannātha, or Jagannatha) literally means "Lord of the Universe" and is a deity worshipped in regional traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism in India and Bangladesh.

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Japanese Americans

are Americans who are fully or partially of Japanese descent, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics.

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Japanese Bolivians

Japanese Bolivians (Japonés Boliviano, 日系ボリビア人 Nikkei Boribiajin) are Bolivians of Japanese ancestry or Japanese-born people who reside in Bolivia.

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Japanese Buddhist pantheon

The Japanese Buddhist Pantheon designates the multitude (the Pantheon) of various Buddhas, Bodhisattvas and lesser deities and eminent religious masters in Buddhism.

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Japanese in the United Kingdom

The Japanese in the United Kingdom include British citizens or permanent residents of Japanese birth, ancestry or citizenship as well as expatriate business professionals and their dependents on limited term employment visas, students, trainees and young people participating in the UK government sponsored Youth Mobility Scheme.

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Japanese people

are a nation and an ethnic group that is native to Japan and makes up 98.5% of the total population of that country.

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Japanese people in France

Japanese people in France (Japonais en France, 在フランス日本人 Zai Furansu Nihonjin) are French residents and citizens of Japanese ancestry, including both those who have settled in France permanently and those born in the country, along with a significant community of short-term expatriates who spend at most a few years in the country before moving on.

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Japanese settlement in Papua New Guinea

Japanese settlement in the Territory of Papua and German New Guinea (in what now constitutes modern-day Papua New Guinea) dates back to the early 20th century when migrants from Japan established copra plantations and trading businesses in the islands, specifically Rabaul.

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Japanese settlement in the Federated States of Micronesia

Japanese settlement in what now constitutes modern-day Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) dates back to the end of the 19th century, when Japanese traders and explorers settled on the central and eastern Carolines, although earlier contacts can not be completely excluded.

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Japanese Zen

Zen is the Japanese variant of Chan Buddhism, a Mahayana school that strongly emphasizes dhyana concentration-meditation.

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Jatismara

Jātismara (Sanskrit: जातिस्मर) means - recollecting a former existence or birth.

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Jatukham Rammathep

Jatukham Rammathep is the name of an unusually popular amulet sold by some Buddhist temples in Thailand.

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Java

Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ꦗꦮ; Sundanese) is an island of Indonesia.

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Javanese people

The Javanese (Ngoko Javanese:, Madya Javanese:,See: Javanese language: Politeness Krama Javanese:, Ngoko Gêdrìk: wòng Jåwå, Madya Gêdrìk: tiyang Jawi, Krama Gêdrìk: priyantun Jawi, Indonesian: suku Jawa) are an ethnic group native to the Indonesian island of Java.

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Jayavarman VII

Jayavarman VII, post-humous name of Mahaparamasaugata, (ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៧, 1125–1218) was a king (reigned c.1181–1218) of the Khmer Empire in present-day Siem Reap, Cambodia.

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Jōkei (monk)

(1155–1213) was an influential Buddhist, scholar-monk and reformer of the Hosso sect in Japan, posthumously known as.

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Jean-Noël Robert

Jean-Noël Alexandre Robert (born 30 December 1949 in Paris) is a French orientalist, specialist of the history of Buddhism in Japan and of its Chinese predecessors.

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Jetavanaramaya

The Jetavanaramaya (world's tallest stupa) is a stupa located in the ruins of Jetavana in the sacred world heritage city of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.

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Jetsunma Ahkon Lhamo

Jetsunma Ahkon Lhamo (born October 12, 1949; born Alyce Louise Zeoli) is an enthroned tulku within the Palyul lineage of the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Jin Long Si Temple

Jin Long Si Temple is a temple located at 32 Tai Seng Avenue, Singapore.

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Jin Taw Yan

Jin Taw Yan (ကျင်းတော်ရန်), is a Mahayana Buddhist temple located on Strand Road in Mandalay, Myanmar (Burma).

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Jizang

Jizang (. Japanese) (549–623) was a Persian-Chinese Buddhist monk and scholar who is often regarded as the founder of East Asian Mādhyamaka.

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Joseph Campbell

Joseph John Campbell (March 26, 1904 – October 30, 1987) was an American Professor of Literature at Sarah Lawrence College who worked in comparative mythology and comparative religion.

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Jun Hong Lu

Jun Hong Lu (born 4 August 1959) is the chairman and Director of Australia Oriental Media Buddhist Charity Association registered under United Nations Global Compact as NGO-Non Government Organisation since July 2015.

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Kabul

Kabul (کابل) is the capital of Afghanistan and its largest city, located in the eastern section of the country.

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Kachin State

Kachin State (Kachin: Jingphaw Mungdaw; ကခ်င္ျပည္နယ္) is the northernmost state of Myanmar.

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Kakusandha Buddha

Kakusandha Buddha (Pāli), known as Krakucchaṃda in Sanskrit, and Khorvadjig in Tibetan) is one of the ancient Buddhas whose biography is chronicled in chapter 22 of the Buddhavamsa, one of the books of the Pāli Canon. According to Theravāda Buddhist tradition, Kakusandha is the twenty-fifth of the twenty-nine named Buddhas, the fourth of the Seven Buddhas of Antiquity, and the first of the five Buddhas of the present kalpa. The present kalpa is called the bhadrakalpa (Auspicious aeon). The five Buddhas of the present kalpa are.

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Kalama Sutta

The Kālāma Sutta is a discourse of the Buddha contained in the Aṅguttara Nikaya of the Tipiṭaka.

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Kalmyks

The Kalmyks (Kalmyk: Хальмгуд, Xaľmgud, Mongolian: Халимаг, Halimag) are the Oirats in Russia, whose ancestors migrated from Dzungaria in 1607.

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Kamakura Museum of National Treasures

The or Kamakura Museum or Kamakura National Treasure House is a museum located on the grounds of Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū in Yukinoshita, Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

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Kamalaśīla

Kamalaśīla (Skt. Kamalaśīla; Tib. པདྨའི་ངང་ཚུལ་, Pemé Ngang Tsul; Wyl. pad+ma'i ngang tshul) (c. 740-795) was an Indian Buddhist of Nalanda Mahavihara who accompanied Śāntarakṣita (725–788) to Tibet at the request of Trisong Detsen.

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Kamandalu

Kamandalu (Sanskrit: कमण्डलु) or kamandal or kamandalam is an oblong water pot made of a dry gourd (pumpkin) or coconut shell, metal, wood of the Kamandalataru tree, or from clay, usually with a handle and sometimes with a spout.

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Kangyur

The Tibetan Buddhist canon is a loosely defined list of sacred texts recognized by various schools of Tibetan Buddhism, comprising the Kangyur or Kanjur ('The Translation of the Word') and the Tengyur or Tanjur (Tengyur) ('Translation of Treatises').

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Kanheri Caves

The Kanheri Caves (Kānherī-guhāḥ) are a group of caves and rock-cut monuments cut into a massive basalt outcrop in the forests of the Sanjay Gandhi National Park, on the island of Salsette in the western outskirts of Mumbai, India.

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Kanishka

Kanishka I (कनिष्क), or Kanishka the Great, was the emperor of the Kushan dynasty in the second century (c. 127–150 CE).

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Kapila Abhayawansa

Kapila Abhayawansa PhD, (Sri Lanka) is the Dean of the Faculty of Religious Studies, International Buddhist College, Thailand.

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Kargilik Town

Kargilik or Karghalik, or Yecheng in Chinese, is a town in Xinjiang, China.

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Karla Caves

The Karla Caves, Karli Caves, Karle Caves or Karla Cells, are a complex of ancient Buddhist Indian rock-cut caves at Karli near Lonavala, Maharashtra.

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Karma Gon Monastery

Karma Gon Monastery, the original monastery of the Karma Kagyu sect of Tibetan Buddhism, was founded in the 12th century by Düsum Khyenpa, the 1st Karmapa Lama in eastern Tibet at the age of 76.

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Karma Kagyu

Karma Kagyu, or Kamtsang Kagyu, is probably the 2nd largest and certainly the most widely practiced lineage within the Kagyu school, one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Karnataka

Karnataka also known Kannada Nadu is a state in the south western region of India.

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Karuṇā

Karuā (in both Sanskrit and Pali) is generally translated as compassion.

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Kassapa Buddha

Kassapa Buddha (Pāli), known as Kāśyapa in Sanskrit, is one of the ancient Buddhas whose biography is chronicled in chapter 24 of the Buddhavamsa, one of the books of the Pāli Canon.

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Katabasis

Katabasis or catabasis (κατάβασις, from κατὰ "down" and βαίνω "go") is a descent of some type, such as moving downhill, the sinking of the winds or sun, a military retreat, a trip to the underworld, or a trip from the interior of a country down to the coast.

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Kataragama deviyo

Kataragama deviyo (also called: Skanda Kumara, Kartikeya, කතරගම දෙවියෝ.) is a guardian deity of Sri Lanka.

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Kate Bosworth

Catherine Ann "Kate" Bosworth (born January 2, 1983) is an American actress and model.

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Katsu (Zen)

Katsu (Japanese: 喝; Cantonese:, Pinyin: hè, Wade-Giles: ho) is a shout that is described in Chán and Zen Buddhism encounter-stories, to expose the enlightened state (Japanese: satori) of the Zen-master, and/or to induce initial enlightenment experience in a student.

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Kaundinya

Kauṇḍinya (Sanskrit; Pali: Koṇḍañña) also known as Ājñātakauṇḍinya, Pali: Añña Koṇḍañña) was a Buddhist monk follower of Gautama Buddha and the first to become an arhat. He lived during the 6th century BCE in what is now Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, India.

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Kazakh Khanate

The Kazakh Khanate (Қазақ Хандығы, Qazaq Handyǵy, قازاق حاندىعى) was a successor of the Golden Horde existing from the 15th to 19th century, located roughly on the territory of the present-day Republic of Kazakhstan.

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Kṣitigarbha

Kṣitigarbha (Sanskrit क्षितिगर्भ /) is a bodhisattva primarily revered in East Asian Buddhism and usually depicted as a Buddhist monk.

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Kāśyapīya

Kāśyapīya (Sanskrit: काश्यपीय; Pali: Kassapiyā or Kassapikā) was one of the early Buddhist schools in India.

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Kōbun Chino Otogawa

(February 1, 1938 – July 26, 2002) was a Sōtō Zen priest.

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Kek Lok Si

The Kek Lok Si Temple is a Buddhist temple situated in Air Itam in Penang facing the sea and commanding an impressive view, and is one of the best known temples on the island.

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Kek Look Seah Temple

Kek Look Seah Temple (also Kek Lok Seah) is a Mahayana Buddhist Temple located at Bercham, Ipoh, Perak.

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Kelsang Gyatso

Kelsang Gyatso (b. 1931) is a Buddhist monk, meditation teacher, scholar, and author.

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Khamdang Gewog

Khamdang Gewog (Dzongkha: ཁམས་དྭངས་) is a gewog (village block) of Trashiyangtse District, Bhutan.

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Khantipalo

Khantipalo, or Phra Khantipalo, is a Western Buddhist teacher and former Theravada monk.

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Khenpo Yeshe Phuntsok

Khenpo Yeshe Phuntsok was born in the Kham region of Tibet in Sichuan Province, China in 1971.

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Khmer Empire

The Khmer Empire (Khmer: ចក្រភពខ្មែរ: Chakrphup Khmer or អាណាចក្រខ្មែរ: Anachak Khmer), officially the Angkor Empire (Khmer: អាណាចក្រអង្គរ: Anachak Angkor), the predecessor state to modern Cambodia ("Kampuchea" or "Srok Khmer" to the Khmer people), was a powerful Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia.

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Khmer sastra

Khmer sasatra is a sastra, or manuscript, written during and after the Khmer empire, from at least the 12th century, in Southeast Asia.

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Kingdom of Kapisi

The Kingdom of Kapisi was located in what is now Afghanistan.

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Kingdom of Khotan

The Kingdom of Khotan was an ancient Iranic Saka Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the southern edge of the Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin (modern Xinjiang, China).

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Kingdom of Sikkim

The Kingdom of Sikkim (Classical Tibetan and འབྲས་ལྗོངས། Drenjong), earlier known as Dremoshong (Classical Tibetan and འབྲས་མོ་གཤོངས།, official name until 1800s), was a hereditary monarchy from 1642 to 16 May 1975 in the Eastern Himalayas.

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Koṇāgamana Buddha

Koṇāgamana Buddha (Pāli), known as Kanakamuni in Sanskrit, also known as Koṇāgon or Kanakagamana, is one of the ancient Buddhas whose biography is chronicled in chapter 23 of the Buddhavamsa, one of the books of the Pāli Canon.

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Koneswaram temple

Koneswaram temple (திருக்கோணேச்சரம் Tirukkōṇēccaram, also known as Dakshinakailasha (தென்கயிலை, Těņkayilai, litt. Southern Kailasa) is a classical-medieval Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva in Trincomalee, Eastern Sri Lanka. The temple is situated atop Konesar Malai, a promontory that overlooks the Indian Ocean, the nearby eastern coast (the Trincomalee District), as well as Trincomalee Harbour or Gokarna Bay. Konesvaram is revered as one the Pancha Ishwarams, of Sri Lanka for long time. Being a major place for Hindu pilgrimage, it was labelled "Rome of the Gentiles/Pagans of the Orient" in some records. Konesvaram holds a significant role in the religious and cultural history of Sri Lanka, as it was likely built during the reign of the early Cholas and the Five Dravidians of the Early Pandyan Kingdom. Pallava, Chola, Pandyan and Jaffna designs here reflect a continuous Tamil Saivite influence in the Vannimai region beginning during the classical period. The river Mahavali is believed to be risen at Sivanolipatha Malai, footer_align.

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Kong Meng San Phor Kark See Monastery

The Kong Meng San Phor Kark See Monastery (also the Bright Hill Pujue Chan Monastery), is a Buddhist temple located in Bishan, Singapore.

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Korea Strait

The Korea Strait is a sea passage between South Korea and Japan, connecting the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea (West sea) and the East Sea (Sea of Japan) in the northwest Pacific Ocean.

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Korean Buddhism

Korean Buddhism is distinguished from other forms of Buddhism by its attempt to resolve what it sees as inconsistencies in Mahayana Buddhism.

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Korean immigration to Mexico

Korean immigration to Mexico began in 1905.

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Koreans in China

The population of Koreans in China include millions of descendants of Korean immigrants with citizenship of the People's Republic of China, as well as smaller groups of South and North Korean expatriates, with a total of roughly 2.3 million people, making it the largest ethnic Korean population living outside the Korean Peninsula.

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Koreans in France

Koreans in France numbered 12,684 individuals, making them the 3rd-largest Korean diaspora community in Western Europe, according to South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

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Koreans in Germany

Koreans in Germany numbered 31,248 individuals, according to the statistics of South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

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Koreans in Malaysia

Koreans in Malaysia numbered 12,690 individuals, making them the 22nd-largest community of overseas Koreans, and the 5th-largest in Southeast Asia.

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Koreans in South Africa

Koreans in South Africa form the largest Korean diaspora community on the African continent and the 29th-largest in the world, ahead of Koreans in Spain and behind Koreans in Italy.

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Koreans in Thailand

Koreans in Thailand consist mainly of North Korean refugees and South Korean expatriates, along with a tiny number of South Korean immigrants who have naturalised as citizens of Thailand and their descendants.

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Koreans in the Netherlands

Koreans in the Netherlands form one of the smaller Korean diaspora groups in Europe.

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Kosen-rufu

Kōsen-rufu (広宣流布) is a phrase found in the Japanese translation of the Lotus Sutra.

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Kshanti

Kshanti (Sanskrit) or khanti (Pāli) is patience, forbearance and forgiveness.

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Kuala Lumpur

Kuala Lumpur, officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur), or commonly known as KL, is the national capital of Malaysia as well as its largest city in the country.

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Kucha

Kucha or Kuche (also: Kuçar, Kuchar; كۇچار, Куча,; also romanized as Qiuzi, Qiuci, Chiu-tzu, Kiu-che, Kuei-tzu, Guizi from; Kucina) was an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin and south of the Muzat River.

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Kuda Caves

Kuda Caves are located in the small village of Kuda, on the eastern side of the north shore of Murud-Janjira in south Konkan, India.

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Kukkuṭika

The Kukkuṭika (Sanskrit) were an early Buddhist school which descended from the Mahāsāṃghika.

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Kullu

Kullu or Kulu is the capital town of the Kullu district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

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Kumārajīva

Kumārajīva (कुमारजीव,, 344–413 CE) was a Buddhist monk, scholar, and translator from the Kingdom of Kucha.

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Kusha-shū

The was one of the six schools of Buddhism introduced to Japan during the Asuka and Nara periods.

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Kushan Empire

The Kushan Empire (Βασιλεία Κοσσανῶν; Κυϸανο, Kushano; कुषाण साम्राज्य Kuṣāṇa Samrajya; BHS:; Chinese: 貴霜帝國; Kušan-xšaθr) was a syncretic empire, formed by the Yuezhi, in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century.

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Kvetoslav Minarik

Květoslav Minařík (1908–1974) was a Czech yogi and mystic.

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Kwan Im Thong Hood Cho Temple

Kwan Im Thong Hood Cho Temple is a traditional Chinese temple situated at 178 Waterloo Street in Singapore.

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Kwan Yin Chan Lin

Kwan Yin Chan Lin is Buddhist zen centres in Singapore and Malaysia.

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Kwang Sheng

Sik Kwang Sheng is the current vice president of the Singapore Buddhist Federation, the abbot of Kong Meng San Phor Kark See Monastery, and the founder of the Buddhist College of Singapore.

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Kyansittha

Kyansittha (ကျန်စစ်သား,; also Kyanzittha or "Hti-Hlaing Shin"; 1030 – 1112/13) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1084 to 1112/13, and is considered one of the greatest Burmese monarchs.

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Kyogyoshinsho

, often abbreviated to, is the magnum opus of Shinran Shonin, the founder of the Japanese Buddhist sect, Jodo Shinshu.

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Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra

The Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra (Sanskrit) is a prominent Mahayana Buddhist sūtra.

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Ladahachandra

Ladahachandra was the fourth ruler of the Chandra dynasty, in the kingdom of Harikela in eastern Bengal.

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Laghman Province

Laghman (Pashto/Persian: لغمان) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the eastern part of the country.

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Lake Borobudur

Lake Borobudur is an ancient lake that has been suggested once existed surrounding Borobudur Buddhist monument in Kedu Plain, Central Java, Indonesia.

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Lakshmi Tantra

The Laksmi Tantra is a text in Hindu scripture dedicated to the goddess Laksmi, and which dates to the ninth to twelfth centuries.

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Lalitavistara Sūtra

The Lalitavistara Sūtra is a Mahayana Buddhist sutra that tells the story of Gautama Buddha from the time of his descent from Tushita until his first sermon in the Deer Park near Varanasi.

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Lalitgiri

Lalitgiri (also known as Naltigiri) is a major Buddhist complex in the Indian state of Odisha comprising major stupas, 'esoteric' Buddha images, and monasteries (viharas), one of the oldest sites in the region.

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Lamdre

Lamdré is a meditative system in Tibetan Buddhism rooted in the view that the result of its practice is contained within the path.

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Lamrim

Lamrim (Tibetan: "stages of the path") is a Tibetan Buddhist textual form for presenting the stages in the complete path to enlightenment as taught by Buddha.

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Langri Tangpa

Geshe Langri Tangpa (གླང་རི་ཐང་པ།; wylie: glang ri thang pa) (1054–1123) is an important figure in the lineage of the Kadampa and Gelug schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Lao people

The Lao are a Tai ethnic group native to Southeast Asia, who speak the eponymous language of the Tai–Kadai group.

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Laotian Canadians

Laotian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Laotian origin or descent.

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Laotian Chinese

The Laotian Chinese are an overseas Chinese community who live in Laos.

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Lavo Kingdom

The Kingdom of Lavo was a political entity (mandala) on the left bank of the Chao Phraya River in the Upper Chao Phraya valley from the end of Dvaravati civilization, around the 7th century, until 1388.

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Lý Tế Xuyên

Lý Tế Xuyên (chữ Hán: 李濟川; fl. 1400) was a Vietnamese historian, compiler of the Việt Điện U Linh Tập (Collection of Stories on Spirits of the Departed in the Viet Realm).

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Legacy of the Indo-Greeks

The legacy of the Indo-Greeks starts with the formal end of the Indo-Greek Kingdom from the 1st century CE, as the Greek communities of central Asia and northwestern India lived under the control of the Kushan branch of the Yuezhi, apart from a short-lived invasion of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom.

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Leksim Ling

Leksim Ling, also the Good Hearts Garden, is a Buddhist community in Singapore.

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Li Gotami Govinda

Li Gotami Govinda (born Ratti Petit, 22 April 1906 –18 August 1988) was an Indian painter, photographer, writer and composer.

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Library of Congress Classification:Class B -- Philosophy, Psychology, Religion

Class B: Philosophy, Psychology, Religion is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system.

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Licchavi (kingdom)

Licchavi (also Lichchhavi, Lichavi) was an ancient kingdom in Nepal, which existed in the Kathmandu Valley from approximately 400 to 750 CE.

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Life release

Life release is a traditional Buddhist practise of saving the lives of beings that were destined for slaughter.

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Lingnan Confucianism

Lingnan Confucianism (Cantonese Jyutping: Ling5 naam4 jyu4 hok6; Traditional Chinese: 嶺南儒學) refers to the Confucian schools of thoughts in Lingnan - the Southern Chinese provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi.

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Lingnan culture

The Lingnan culture or Cantonese culture, refers to the regional Chinese culture of the Southern Chinese/Lingnan twin provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi.

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Lion Capital of Ashoka

The Lion Capital of Ashoka is a sculpture of four Asiatic lions standing back to back, on an elaborate base that includes other animals.

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Lipi

Lipi (लिपि) literally means "writing, letters, alphabet", and contextually refers to scripts, the art or manner of writing, or in modified form such as lipī (लिपी) to painting, decorating or anointing a surface to express something.

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List of ancient great powers

In an European context, recognized great powers came about first in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era.

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List of bodhisattvas

In Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhist thought, a bodhisattva is a being who is dedicated to achieving complete Buddhahood.

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List of Buddhist temples in Thailand

There are a total of 40,717 Buddhist temples (Thai: Wat) in Thailand as of 31 December 2004, of which 33,902 are in current use, according to the Office of National Buddhism.

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List of Buddhists

This is a list of notable Buddhists, encompassing all the major branches of the religion (i.e. in Buddhism), and including interdenominational and eclectic Buddhist practitioners.

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List of colleges and universities named after people

Many colleges and universities are named after people.

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List of common misconceptions

This list of common misconceptions corrects erroneous beliefs that are currently widely held about notable topics.

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List of contemporary ethnic groups

The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups.

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List of Dune religions

The Religions of Dune are a key aspect of the fictional setting of the ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert.

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List of English words of Sanskrit origin

This is a list of English words of Sanskrit origin.

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List of Fist of the North Star characters

The following is a list of characters from the manga and anime franchise Fist of the North Star by Tetsuo Hara and Buronson.

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List of people who have been considered deities

This is a list of notable people who were considered deities by themselves or others.

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List of places of worship in Berlin

This list of places of worship in Berlin records past and present places of worship in the city.

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List of religions and spiritual traditions

Religion is a collection of cultural systems, beliefs and world views that establishes symbols relating humanity to spirituality and, often, to moral values.

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List of sanghas in San Diego County, California

This is a list of sanghas in San Diego County, California, which corresponds to the San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos Metropolitan Statistical Area.

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List of schools and lineages of Tibetan Buddhism

This is a list of schools and lineages of Tibetan Buddhism.

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List of Sri Lankan monarchs

The Sinhalese monarch was the head of state of the Sinhala Kingdom.

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List of suicides

The following are lists of notable people who died from suicide.

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List of supernatural beings in Chinese folklore

The following is a list of supernatural beings in Chinese folklore and fiction originating from traditional folk culture and contemporary literature such as Pu Songling's Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio.

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List of the named Buddhas

In countries where Theravāda Buddhism is practiced by the majority of people, such as Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Thailand, it is customary for Buddhists to hold elaborate festivals, especially during the fair weather season, paying homage to the 28 Buddhas described in the Buddhavamsa.

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Liturgy

Liturgy is the customary public worship performed by a religious group, according to its beliefs, customs and traditions.

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Lojong

Lojong (Tib. བློ་སྦྱོང་) is a mind training practice in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition based on a set of aphorisms formulated in Tibet in the 12th century by Chekawa Yeshe Dorje.

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Lokottaravāda

The Lokottaravāda (Sanskrit, लोकोत्तरवाद) was one of the early Buddhist schools according to Mahayana doxological sources compiled by Bhāviveka, Vinitadeva and others, and was a subgroup which emerged from the Mahāsāṃghika.

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Longnü

Longnü (Sanskrit: nāgakanya; Vietnamese: Long nữ), translated as Dragon Daughter, along with Sudhana are considered acolytes of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara in Chinese Buddhism.

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Lotus Sutra

The Lotus Sūtra (Sanskrit: सद्धर्मपुण्डरीक सूत्र, literally "Sūtra on the White Lotus of the Sublime Dharma") is one of the most popular and influential Mahayana sutras, and the basis on which the Tiantai, Tendai, Cheontae, and Nichiren schools of Buddhism were established.

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Luang Prabang

Louangphabang, (Lao: ຫລວງພະບາງ) or Luang Phabang (pronounced), commonly transliterated into Western languages from the pre-1975 Lao spelling ຫຼວງພຣະບາງ (ຣ.

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Lumbini

Lumbinī (Nepali and Sanskrit: लुम्बिनी, "the lovely") is a Buddhist pilgrimage site in the Rupandehi District of Province No. 5 in Nepal.

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Luminous mind

Luminous mind (also, "brightly shining mind," "brightly shining citta") (Sanskrit prakṛti-prabhāsvara-citta, Pali pabhassara citta) is a term attributed to the Buddha in the Nikayas.

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Lynn de Silva

Lynn Alton de Silva (16 June 1919 – 22 May 1982) was a Sri Lankan theologian and Methodist minister.

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Lynn de Silva's theology

Lynn de Silva's theology began at an early stage in Lynn de Silva's ministry, when his interest in Buddhism and its culture began to increase.

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Madame Nhu

Trần Lệ Xuân (22 August 1924 – 24 April 2011), more popularly known in English as Madame Nhu, was the de facto First Lady of South Vietnam from 1955 to 1963.

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Madhvacharya

Madhvācārya (ಮಧ್ವಾಚಾರ್ಯ;; CE 1238–1317), sometimes anglicised as Madhva Acharya, and also known as Purna Prajña and Ananda Teertha, was a Hindu philosopher and the chief proponent of the Dvaita (dualism) school of Vedanta.

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Madhyamakālaṃkāra

The Madhyamakālaṃkāra is an eighth-century Buddhist text, believed to have been originally composed in Sanskrit by Śāntarakṣita (725–788), which is extant in Tibetan.

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Maha Vihara Maitreya

Maha Vihara Maitreya,, is a Buddhist temple located on Medan, which is claimed to be the largest non-historical buddhist temple in Indonesia.

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Mahabodhi Temple

The Mahabodhi Temple (literally: "Great Awakening Temple"), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an ancient, but much rebuilt and restored, Buddhist temple in Bodh Gaya, marking the location where the Buddha is said to have attained enlightenment.

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Mahamayuri

Mahamayuri (महामायूरी, Kǒngquè Míngwáng, Khổng Tước Minh Vương, Kujaku Myōō, 공작명왕 GongJakMyeongWang), is one of the Wisdom Kings in the Buddhist Pantheon.

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Mahapanya Vidayalai

Mahapanya Vidayalai (Thai: มหาปัญญาวิทยาลัย)(Nepali: महापञ्ञा विध्दालय), translated roughly as college of wisdom, is an international Buddhist school located in Hat Yai, Thailand.

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Mahasamnipata Sutra

The Mahāsaṃnipāta Sutra (Chinese: 大集經, pinyin: Dà Jí Jīng, Japanese: Daijikkyō or Daishūkyō) is anthology of Mahayana Buddhist sutras.

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Mahasena of Anuradhapura

Mahasena, also known in some records as Mahasen, was a king of Sri Lanka who ruled the country from 277 to 304 AD.

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Mahasthamaprapta

Mahāsthāmaprāpta is a bodhisattva mahāsattva that represents the power of wisdom, often depicted in a trinity with Amitābha and Avalokiteśvara (Guanyin), especially in Pure Land Buddhism.

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Mahavibhasa

The Abhidharma Śāstra is an ancient Buddhist text.

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Mahayana Canon

Mahayana canon is the canon of scriptures of Mahayana Buddhism.

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Mahayana sutras

The Mahayana sutras are a broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that various traditions of Mahayana Buddhism accept as canonical.

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Mahayana-sutra-alamkara-karika

Mahāyāna Sūtrālamkāra kārikā ("The Adornment of Mahayana sutras") is a major work of Buddhist philosophy attributed to Maitreya-nātha as dictated to Asanga.

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Mahāprajñāpāramitāupadeśa

The Mahāprajñāpāramitōpadeśa (Commentary on the Great Perfection of Wisdom, also known as Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra, Chinese: 大智度論, Pinyin: Dà zhìdù lùn, Taisho no. 1509) is an encyclopedic Mahayana Buddhist commentary on Prajñāpāramitā, particularly the Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā sutra.

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Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra

The Mahāratnakūṭa Sūtra (Sanskrit;, Tib. dam-chos dkon-mchog-brtsegs-pa) is an ancient collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist sūtras.

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Mahāsāṃghika

The Mahāsāṃghika (Sanskrit "of the Great Sangha") was one of the early Buddhist schools.

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Mahāvyutpatti

The Mahāvyutpatti (Devanagari: महाव्युत्पत्ति, compound of महत् (in compounds often महा) - great, big, and व्युत्पत्ति f. - science, formation of words, etymology; Wylie: Bye-brag-tu rtogs-par byed-pa chen-po), The Great Volume of Precise Understanding or Essential Etymology, was compiled in Tibet during the late eighth to early ninth centuries CE, providing a dictionary composed of thousands of Sanskrit and Tibetan terms designed as means to provide standardised Buddhist texts in Tibetan, and is included as part of the Tibetan Tengyur (Toh. 4346).

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Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra

The Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra or Nirvana Sutra is a Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit text which is one of the Tathāgatagarbha sūtras of Mahāyāna Buddhism.

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Mahāyānasaṃgraha

The Mahāyānasaṃgraha (MSg, The Mahāyāna Compendium/Summary, Traditional Chinese: 攝大乘論; Tibetan: theg pa chen po bsdus pa) is a key work of the Yogācāra school of Buddhist philosophy, attributed to Asanga (c. 310–390 CE).

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Mahīśāsaka

Mahīśāsaka is one of the early Buddhist schools according to some records.

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Maitrayaniya Upanishad

The Maitrayaniya Upanishad (मैत्रायणीय उपनिषद्) is an ancient Sanskrit text that is embedded inside the Yajurveda.

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Maitreya

Maitreya (Sanskrit), Metteyya (Pali), is regarded as a future Buddha of this world in Buddhist eschatology.

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Malaysian Buddhist Institute

The Malaysian Buddhist Institute is a Buddhist institute of higher education providing formal training in the Chinese language to prepare candidates for the sangha orders in the Mahayana tradition.

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Malaysian Chinese

The Malaysian Chinese consist of people of full or partial Chinese—particularly Han Chinese—ancestry who were born in or immigrated to Malaysia.

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Malaysian Indians

The Malaysian Indians or Indian Malaysians (Tamil: மலேசிய இந்தியர்கள்) consist of people of full or partial Indian through paternal descent —particularly Tamil Indians who were born in or immigrated to Malaysia from Tamil Nadu.

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Mandala of the Two Realms

The Mandala of the Two Realms (Jp. 両界曼荼羅 Ryōkai mandara), also known as the Mandala of the Two Divisions (Jp. 両部曼荼羅 Ryōbu mandara), is a set of two mandalas depicting both the Five Wisdom Buddhas of the Diamond Realm as well as the Five Wisdom Kings of the Womb Realm.

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Mandukya Upanishad

The Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad (Sanskrit: माण्डूक्य उपनिषद्) is the shortest of all the Upanishads, and is assigned to Atharvaveda.

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Manimekalai

Manimekalai (மணிமேகலை), by the poet Chithalai Chathanar, is one of The Five Great Epics of Tamil Literature according to later Tamil literary tradition.

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Manjushri

Mañjuśrī is a bodhisattva associated with prajñā (insight) in Mahayana Buddhism.

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Mantra

A "mantra" ((Sanskrit: मन्त्र)) is a sacred utterance, a numinous sound, a syllable, word or phonemes, or group of words in Sanskrit believed by practitioners to have psychological and spiritual powers.

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Marichi temple

Marichi Temple is a Hindu and Buddhist temple located in Ajodhya, Baleswar, Odisha, India.

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Marici (Buddhism)

In Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism, Marici is a deva or bodhisattva associated with light and the sun.

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Marie Byles

Marie Beuzeville Byles (8 April 1900 – 21 November 1979) was a committed conservationist, pacifist, the first practising female solicitor in New South Wales (NSW), mountaineer, explorer and avid bushwalker, feminist, journalist, and an original member of the Buddhist Society in New South Wales.

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Maritime history of Odisha

The Maritime history of Odisha (ଓଡ଼ିଶା), known as Kalinga in ancient times, started before 350 BC according to early sources.

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Mark Cocker

Mark Cocker is a British author and naturalist.

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Martial arts

Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practices, which are practiced for a number of reasons: as self-defense, military and law enforcement applications, mental and spiritual development; as well as entertainment and the preservation of a nation's intangible cultural heritage.

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Martin Luther King Jr. authorship issues

Authorship issues concerning Martin Luther King Jr. fall into two general categories: King's academic research papers (including his doctoral dissertation) and his use of borrowed phrases in speeches.

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Masao Abe

was a Japanese Buddhist and professor in religious studies, who became well known for his work in Buddhist-Christian interfaith dialogue, which later included Judaism.

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Maudgalyayana

Maudgalyāyana (Moggallāna), also known as Mahāmaudgalyāyana, was one of the Buddha's closest disciples.

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Mauli

Mauli is a dynasty of Malay kings that rules Bhumi Malayu or Dharmasraya kingdom, centered in Batanghari river system, today Jambi and West Sumatra provinces, Sumatra, circa 11th century to 14th century.

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Mechuka

Mechuka also known as Menchukha is a small town nestled above sea level in the Mechuka Valley in West Siang District of Arunachal Pradesh, India.

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Medan

Medan; is the capital of North Sumatra province in Indonesia.

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Medang Kingdom

The Medang Empire or Mataram Kingdom was a Javanese Hindu–Buddhist kingdom that flourished between the 8th and 11th centuries.

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Meditation

Meditation can be defined as a practice where an individual uses a technique, such as focusing their mind on a particular object, thought or activity, to achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm state.

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Melayu Kingdom

The Melayu Kingdom (also known as Malayu, Dharmasraya Kingdom or the Jambi Kingdom;, reconstructed Middle Chinese pronunciation mat-la-yu kwok)Muljana, Slamet, (2006), Sriwijaya, Yogyakarta: LKIS,.

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Mendicant orders

Mendicant orders are, primarily, certain Christian religious orders that have adopted a lifestyle of poverty, traveling, and living in urban areas for purposes of preaching, evangelism, and ministry, especially to the poor.

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Messianism

In Abrahamic religions, Messianism is the belief and doctrine that is centered on the advent of the messiah, who acts as the chosen savior and leader of humanity by God.

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Metta Sutta

The Mettā Sutta is the name used for two Buddhist discourses (Pali, sutta) found in the Pali Canon.

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Middle kingdoms of India

The Middle kingdoms of India were the political entities in India from the 3rd century BCE to the 13th century CE.

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Middle Way

The Middle Way or Middle Path (Majjhimāpaṭipadā; Madhyamāpratipad;;; มัชฌิมาปฏิปทา) is the term that Gautama Buddha used to describe the character of the Noble Eightfold Path he discovered that leads to liberation.

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Milarepa

UJetsun Milarepa (c. 1052 – c. 1135 CE) is generally considered one of Tibet's most famous yogis and poets.

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Milinda Panha

The Milinda Pañha ("Questions of Milinda") is a Buddhist text which dates from sometime between 100 BCE and 200 CE.

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Mind

The mind is a set of cognitive faculties including consciousness, perception, thinking, judgement, language and memory.

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Mindfulness

Mindfulness is the psychological process of bringing one's attention to experiences occurring in the present moment,Mindfulness Training as a Clinical Intervention: A Conceptual and Empirical Review, by Ruth A. Baer, available at http://www.wisebrain.org/papers/MindfulnessPsyTx.pdf which can be developed through the practice of meditation and other training.

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Missionary

A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to proselytize and/or perform ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.

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Mitra

*Mitra is the reconstructed Proto-Indo-Iranian name of an Indo-Iranian divinity from which the names and some characteristics of Rigvedic Mitrá and Avestan Mithra derive.

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Mogao Caves

The Mogao Caves, also known as the Thousand Buddha Grottoes or Caves of the Thousand Buddhas, form a system of 492 temples southeast of the center of Dunhuang, an oasis strategically located at a religious and cultural crossroads on the Silk Road, in Gansu province, China.

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Monism

Monism attributes oneness or singleness (Greek: μόνος) to a concept e.g., existence.

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Monk

A monk (from μοναχός, monachos, "single, solitary" via Latin monachus) is a person who practices religious asceticism by monastic living, either alone or with any number of other monks.

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Mount Jiuhua

Mount Jiuhua is one of the four sacred mountains of Chinese Buddhism.

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Muang Sua

Muang Sua was the name of Luang Phrabang following its conquest in 698 by a Tai prince, Khun Lo, who seized his opportunity when the king of Nanzhao was engaged elsewhere.

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Muara Takus

Muara Takus (Candi Muara Takus) is a Buddhist temple complex, thought to belong to the Srivijaya empire.

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Mudra

A mudra (Sanskrit "seal", "mark", or "gesture") is a symbolic or ritual gesture in Hinduism and Buddhism.

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Muhammad ibn Suri

Muhammad ibn Suri (Persian: محمد بن سوری, died 1011) was the king of the Ghurid dynasty from the 10th-century to 1011.

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Mulasarvastivada

The Mūlasarvāstivāda (Sanskrit: मूलसर्वास्तिवाद) was one of the early Buddhist schools of India.

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Mulian Rescues His Mother

Mulian Rescues His Mother or Mulian Saves His Mother From Hell is a popular Chinese Buddhist tale originating in the third century CE, inspired by tales from India of Maudgalyayana, who is named Mulian in Chinese stories.

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Mun (religion)

Mun or Munism (also called Bongthingism) is the traditional polytheistic, animist, shamanistic, and syncretic religion of the Lepcha people.

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Muslim conquests of Afghanistan

The Muslim conquests of Afghanistan began during the Muslim conquest of Persia as the Arab Muslims were drawn eastwards to Khorasan, Sistan and Transoxiana.

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Myanmar

Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia.

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Myōe

Myōe (明恵) (1173–1232) was a Japanese Buddhist monk active during the Kamakura period who also went by the name Kōben (高弁), and contemporary of Jōkei and Honen.

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Myinsaing Kingdom

The Myinsaing Kingdom (မြင်စိုင်းခေတ်) was the kingdom that ruled central Burma (Myanmar) from 1297 to 1313.

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Mysticism

Mysticism is the practice of religious ecstasies (religious experiences during alternate states of consciousness), together with whatever ideologies, ethics, rites, myths, legends, and magic may be related to them.

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Nadsur Caves

The Nadsur Caves are located to the northeast of Mahad, India.

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Nagarakretagama

The Nagarakretagama or Nagarakrtagama, also known as Desawarnana, is an Old Javanese eulogy to Hayam Wuruk, a Javanese king of the Majapahit Empire.

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Nagarjuna

Nāgārjuna (c. 150 – c. 250 CE) is widely considered one of the most important Mahayana philosophers.

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Nagarjunakonda

Nagarjunakonda (IAST: Nāgārjunikoṇḍa, meaning Nagarjuna Hill) is a historical town, now an island located near Nagarjuna Sagar in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve

Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve is the largest tiger reserve in India.

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Nagasena

Nāgasena was a Sarvastivadan Buddhist sage born in Kashmir and lived around 150 BCE.

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Nalanda

Nalanda was a Mahavihara, a large Buddhist monastery, in the ancient kingdom of Magadha (modern-day Bihar) in India.

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Nalandabodhi

Nalandabodhi is a Tibetan Buddhist organization founded in the United States by Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche in 1997 and named after the historic Nalanda university of India.

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Namkhai Nyingpo

sNub-Ben Namkha'i Nyingpo (8th/9th century) is counted amongst the principal "twenty-five disciples" of Padmasambhava.

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Nan Hua Temple

Nan Hua Temple (南華寺, Nanhua Si) is the largest Buddhist temple and seminary in Africa, and is situated in the Cultura Park suburb of Bronkhorstspruit, South Africa.

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Nan Tien Temple

Nan Tien Temple is a Buddhist temple complex located in Berkeley, on the southern outskirts of the Australian city of Wollongong, approximately south of Sydney.

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Nanto Rokushū

The Six Schools of Nara Buddhism, also known as the Rokushū 六宗 (also Rokushuu/Rokushu), were academic Buddhist sects.

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Nanyue Huisi

Nanyue Huisi (515-577), was an eminent Chinese Buddhist monk, traditionally regarded as the third patriarch of the Tiantai school.

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Naraka (Buddhism)

Naraka (नरक; निरय Niraya) is a term in Hindu and Buddhist cosmology usually referred to in English as "hell" (or "hell realm") or "purgatory".

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Narasimhagupta

Narasimhagupta Baladitya was an emperor of the Gupta Empire of North India.

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Natha (disambiguation)

Natha can refer to.

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National Museum, New Delhi

The National Museum in New Delhi, also known as the National Museum of India, is one of the largest museums in India.

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National symbols of Bhutan

The national symbols of Bhutan include the national flag, national emblem, national anthem, and the mythical druk thunder featured in all three.

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Navayana

Navayana (Devanagari: नवयान, IAST: Navayāna) means "new vehicle" and refers to the re-interpretation of Buddhism by B.R. Ambedkar.

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Nīlakaṇṭha Dhāraṇī

The, also known as the, or Great Compassion Dhāraṇī (or Mantra) (Chinese: 大悲咒 Dàbēi zhòu; Japanese: 大悲心陀羅尼 Daihishin darani or 大悲呪 Daihi shu; Vietnamese: Chú đại bi or Đại bi tâm đà la ni; Korean: 신묘장구대다라니 (Hanja: 神妙章句大陀羅尼) Sinmyo janggu daedarani), is a Mahayana Buddhist dhāraṇī associated with the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara.

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New Kadampa

The term New Kadampa is a synonym for the 14th century Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, as founded by Je Tsongkhapa.

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Ngái people

The Ngái (Người Ngái) are a Hakka people in Vietnam and other nearby countries of Indochina, who originally come from southern China.

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Nichiren

Nichiren (日蓮; 16 February 1222 – 13 October 1282), born as, was a Japanese Buddhist priest who lived during the Kamakura period (1185–1333).

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Nichiren Buddhism

Nichiren Buddhism is a branch of Mahayana Buddhism based on the teachings of the 13th century Japanese Buddhist priest Nichiren (1222–1282) and is one of the "Kamakura Buddhism" schools.

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Nichiren Shōshū

is a branch of Nichiren Buddhism based on the teachings of the 13th-century Japanese Buddhist priest Nichiren (1222–1282).

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Nikaya Buddhism

The term Nikāya Buddhism was coined by Masatoshi Nagatomi as a non-derogatory substitute for Hinayana, meaning the early Buddhist schools.

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Nikāya

Nikāya is a Pāḷi word meaning "volume".

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Ningbonese people

The Ningbonese or Ningbo people are the people of Ningbo, China, whether resident or abroad.

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Nio

or are two wrathful and muscular guardians of the Buddha standing today at the entrance of many Buddhist temples in East Asian Buddhism in the form of frightening wrestler-like statues.

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Nirvana (Buddhism)

Nirvana (Sanskrit:; Pali) is the earliest and most common term used to describe the goal of the Buddhist path.

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Noah Levine

Noah Levine (born 1971) is an American Buddhist teacher and author.

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Noble Eightfold Path

The Noble Eightfold Path (ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, āryāṣṭāṅgamārga) is an early summary of the path of Buddhist practices leading to liberation from samsara, the painful cycle of rebirth.

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Non-abidance

In Buddhism, especially the Chan (Zen) traditions, non-abidance (in Sanskrit: apratiṣṭhita, with the a- prefix, ‘unlimited’, ‘unlocalized’) is the practice of avoiding mental constructs during daily life.

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Nondualism

In spirituality, nondualism, also called non-duality, means "not two" or "one undivided without a second".

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Northern and Southern dynasties

The Northern and Southern dynasties was a period in the history of China that lasted from 420 to 589, following the tumultuous era of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Wu Hu states.

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Norwegian Vietnamese

Norwegian Vietnamese or Vietnamese Norwegian refers to citizens or naturalized residents of Norway of Vietnamese descent.

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Nubchen Sangye Yeshe

Nubchen Sangye Yeshe (9th century) was one of the twenty-five principal students of Guru Padmasambhava, founder of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Nun

A nun is a member of a religious community of women, typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience in the enclosure of a monastery.

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Nyingma

The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism (the other three being the Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug).

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Nyorai

The Japanese word is the translation of the Sanskrit and Pali word Tathagata, the term the historical Buddha used most often to refer to himself.

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Ocean of Definitive Meaning

Ocean of Definitive Meaning: A Teaching for the Mountain Hermit, written in the first half of the 14th century, is considered the magnum opus of Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen (1292–1361).

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Oddiyana

(Sanskrit Oḍḍiyāna; Үржин urkhin, ଓଡ଼ିଆଣ), a small country in early medieval India, is ascribed importance in the development and dissemination of Vajrayana Buddhism.

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Ogyen Trinley Dorje

Ogyen Trinley Dorje (born June 26, 1985), also written Urgyen Trinley Dorje (is a claimant to the title of 17th Karmapa Lama. The Karmapa is head of the Karma Kagyu school, one of the four main schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Old Pahang Kingdom

Old Pahang Kingdom (Malay: Kerajaan Pahang Tua) was a historical polity centred in the Pahang region in the east coast of Malay Peninsula.

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Orange (colour)

Orange is the colour between yellow and red on the spectrum of visible light.

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Ordination of women

The ordination of women to ministerial or priestly office is an increasingly common practice among some major religious groups of the present time, as it was of several pagan religions of antiquity and, some scholars argue, in early Christian practice.

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Oseam (2003 film)

Oseam (Hangul: 오세암) is a 2003 South Korean drama/religious animation directed by Sung Baek-yeop.

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Outline of Buddhism

Buddhism (Pali/बौद्ध धर्म Buddha Dharma) is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha, "the awakened one".

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Outline of religion

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to religion: Religion – organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems, and world views that relate humanity to an order of existence.

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Outline of spirituality

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to spirituality: Spirituality may refer to an ultimate or an alleged immaterial reality, an inner path enabling a person to discover the essence of his/her being, or the “deepest values and meanings by which people live.” Spiritual practices, including meditation, prayer and contemplation, are intended to develop an individual's inner life; spiritual experience includes that of connectedness with a larger reality, yielding a more comprehensive self; with other individuals or the human community; with nature or the cosmos; or with the divine realm.

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Oviri

Oviri (Tahitian for savage or wild) is an 1894 ceramic sculpture by the French artist Paul Gauguin.

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Pa Then people

The Pa Then (or Pá Hưng; Vietnamese: người Pà Thẻn) are an ethnic group of Vietnam.

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Pabbajja

Pabbajja (Pali; Skt.: pravrajya) literally means "to go forth" and refers to when a layperson leaves home to live the life of a Buddhist renunciate among a community of bhikkhus (fully ordained monks).

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Pagan Kingdom

The Kingdom of Pagan (ပုဂံခေတ်,, lit. "Pagan Period"; also commonly known as the Pagan Dynasty and the Pagan Empire) was the first kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute modern-day Burma (Myanmar).

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Pagoda of the Celestial Lady

The Pagoda of the Celestial Lady (Chùa Thiên Mụ; also called Linh Mụ Pagoda) is a historic temple in the city of Huế in Vietnam.

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Pahang

Pahang (Jawi: ڤهڠ), officially Pahang Darul Makmur with the Arabic honorific Darul Makmur (Jawi: دار المعمور, "The Abode of Tranquility") is a sultanate and a federal state of Malaysia.

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Pala Empire

The Pala Empire was an imperial power during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal.

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Palau

Palau (historically Belau, Palaos, or Pelew), officially the Republic of Palau (Beluu er a Belau), is an island country located in the western Pacific Ocean.

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Pandavleni Caves

The Buddha Leni, or Nasik caves (also sometimes known as Pandu Lena, Pandu Caves or Trirashmi Leni, Leni being a Marathi word for caves), are a group of 24 caves carved between the 1st century BCE and the 3nd century CE, though additional sculptures were added up to about the 6th century, reflecting changes in Buddhist devotional practices.

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Panduvamshis of Dakshina Kosala

The Panduvamshis (IAST: Pāṇḍuvaṁśī) or Pandavas (IAST: Pāṇḍava) were an Indian dynasty that ruled the historical Dakshina Kosala region in present-day Chhattisgarh state of India, during the 7th and the 8th centuries.

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Panpsychism

In philosophy, panpsychism is the view that consciousness, mind, or soul (psyche) is a universal and primordial feature of all things.

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Parable of the Prodigal Son

The Parable of the Prodigal Son (also known as the Two Brothers, Lost Son, Loving Father, or Lovesick Father) is one of the parables of Jesus and appears in.

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Paradise of Bhaisajyaguru

Paradise of Bhaisajyaguru (薬師佛) or Pure Land of Bhaisajyaguru is a painting during China’s Yuan Dynasty.

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Paraiyar

Paraiyar or Parayar (formerly anglicised as Pariah and Paree) is a caste group found in Sri Lanka and the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

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Paramartha

Paramārtha (Sanskrit: परमार्थ Paramārtha) (499-569 CE) was an Indian monk from Ujjain in central India, who is best known for his prolific Chinese translations which include Vasubandhu's Abhidharmakośa.

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Parinirvana

In Buddhism, the term parinirvana (Sanskrit:; Pali) is commonly used to refer to nirvana-after-death, which occurs upon the death of the body of someone who has attained nirvana during his or her lifetime.

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Parinirvana Day

Parinirvana Day, or Nirvana Day is a Mahayana Buddhist holiday celebrated in East Asia.

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Passaddhi

Passaddhi is a Pali noun (Sanskrit: prasrabhi, Tibetan: ཤིན་ཏུ་སྦྱང་བ་,Tibetan Wylie: shin tu sbyang ba) that has been translated as "calmness," "tranquillity," "repose" and "serenity." The associated verb is passambhati (to calm down, to be quiet).

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Paul Williams (Buddhist studies scholar)

Paul Williams (b. 1950) is Emeritus Professor of Indian and Tibetan Philosophy at the University of Bristol, England.

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Pavarana

Pavarana is a Buddhist holy day celebrated on Aashvin full moon of the lunar month.

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Payathonzu Temple

The Payathonzu Temple (ဘုရားသုံးဆူ; literally "Temple of Three Buddhas") is a Buddhist temple located in the village of Minnanthu (southeast of Bagan) in Burma.

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Pāramitā

Pāramitā (Sanskrit, Pali) or pāramī (Pāli) is "perfection" or "completeness".

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Penang

Penang is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia, by the Malacca Strait.

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Peranakan

Peranakan Chinese, or Straits-born Chinese, are the descendants of Chinese immigrants who came to the Malay archipelago including British Malaya (now Malaysia and Singapore, where they are also referred to as Baba-Nyonya) and Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia; where they are also referred as Kiau-Seng) and southern Thailand, primarily in Phuket and Ranong between the 15th and 17th centuries.

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Petavatthu

The Petavatthu (."Ghost Stories") is a Theravada Buddhist scripture, included in the Minor Collection (Khuddaka Nikaya) of the Pali Canon's Sutta Pitaka.

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Philosophy

Philosophy (from Greek φιλοσοφία, philosophia, literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

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Philosophy of mind

Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the mind.

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Philosophy of motion

Philosophy of motion is a branch of philosophy concerned with exploring questions on the existence and nature of motion.

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Physical characteristics of the Buddha

There are no extant representations of the Buddha represented in artistic form until roughly the 2nd century CE, partly due to the prominence of aniconism in the earliest extant period of Buddhist devotional statuary and bas reliefs.

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Pilak, Tripura

Pilak is an archaeological site in the Santirbazar sub-division of South Tripura district of the Indian state of Tripura.

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Pindaya Caves

The Pindaya Caves (ပင်းတယရွှေဥမင်,; officially), located next to the town of Pindaya, Shan State, Burma (Myanmar) are a Buddhist pilgrimage site and a tourist attraction located on a limestone ridge in the Myelat region.

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Pitalkhora

The Pitalkhora Caves, in the Satamala range of the Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India, are an ancient Buddhist site consisting of 14 rock-cut cave monuments which date back to the third century BCE, making them one of the earliest examples of rock-cut architecture in India.

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Plaça de Gal·la Placídia, Barcelona

Plaça de Gal·la Placídia is a square split between the districts of Gràcia and Sarrià-Sant Gervasi, in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

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Places of worship in Bangalore

Bangalore (Bengaluru), the capital of Karnataka state, India, reflects its multireligious and cosmopolitan character by its more than 1000 temples, 400 mosques, 100 churches, 40 Jain derasars, three Sikh gurdwaras, two Buddhist viharas and one Parsi fire temple located in an area of 741 km² of the metropolis.

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Poh Ern Shih Temple

Poh Ern Shih is located on a small hilltop at Chwee Chian Road, off Pasir Panjang Road, on Singapore's southern coast.

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Polyethnicity

Polyethnicity refers to the proximity of people from different ethnic backgrounds within a country or other specific geographic region.

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Pom Prap Sattru Phai District

Pom Prap Sattru Phai (ป้อมปราบศัตรูพ่าย) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand.

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Ponhea Yat

Ponhea Yat (ពញាយ៉ាត; พญาญาติ,; 1396–1466), also known as Barom Reachea II (បរមរាជាទី២; บรมราชาที่ ๒), was the last king of the Khmer Empire.

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Ponpori Hills

The Ponpori hills are a range of hills with grey soil, southwest of Shigatse, in South Western Tibet.

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Postage stamps and postal history of Annam and Tongking

A concise postal history of French Annam protectorate and Tongking protectorate, former territories of colonial French Indochina, that were located in present-day Vietnam.

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Prabhutaratna

Prabhūtaratna (Skt: प्रभूतरत्न; Traditional Chinese: 多寶; Simplified Chinese: 多宝; pinyin: duō bǎo; Japanese: 多宝如来 Ta takara nyorai or Tahō nyorai), translated as Abundant Treasures or Many Treasures, is the Buddha who appears and verifies Shakyamuni's teachings in the Lotus Sutra and the Samantabhadra Meditation Sutra.

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Prajñaptivāda

The Prajñaptivāda (Sanskrit) was a branch of the Mahāsāṃghika, one of the early Buddhist schools in India.

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Prajnaparamita

Prajñāpāramitā means "the Perfection of (Transcendent) Wisdom" in Mahāyāna Buddhism.

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Prajnatara

Prajñātārā, also known as Keyura, was the twenty-seventh Brahmin patriarch of Indian Buddhism according to Chan Buddhism and the head of the Sarvastivada sect of early Buddhist schools.

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Prambanan

Prambanan or Rara Jonggrang (Rara Jonggrang) is a 9th-century Hindu temple compound in Central Java, Indonesia, dedicated to the Trimurti, the expression of God as the Creator (Brahma), the Preserver (Vishnu) and the Transformer (Shiva).

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Prasaṅgika according to Tsongkhapa

The Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika distinction is a set of arguments about two different positions of emptiness philosophy which are debated within the Mahayana school of Buddhism.

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Pratyekabuddhayāna

Pratyekabuddhayāna (Sanskrit) is a Buddhist term that refers to the path, or vehicle, of a pratyekabuddha ("solitary awakened one", pra(tye)- of pra(na), eka-one, buddha-enlightened).

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Pratyutpanna Samādhi Sūtra

The Pratyutpanna Samādhi Sūtra (Sanskrit) is an early Mahayana Buddhist scripture, which probably originated around the 1st century BCE in the Gandhara area of northwestern India.

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Prayer

Prayer is an invocation or act that seeks to activate a rapport with an object of worship, typically a deity, through deliberate communication.

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Prayer beads

Prayer beads are used by members of various religious traditions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism and the Bahá'í Faith to mark the repetitions of prayers, chants or devotions, such as the rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Catholicism, and dhikr (remembrance of God) in Islam.

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Prātimokṣa

The Prātimokṣa (Sanskrit prātimokṣa) is a list of rules (contained within the vinaya) governing the behaviour of Buddhist monastics (monks or bhikṣus and nuns or bhikṣuṇīs).

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Puhua

Zhenzhou Puhua (Chinese: traditional: 鎮州普化, simplified: 普化, pinyin: Zhenzhou Pǔhuà; Japanese: Jinshu Fuke, honorifically Fuke Zenji (lit. "Zen master Fuke")—allegedly ca. 770-840 ''or'' 860), also called P'u-k'o, and best known by his Japanese name, Fuke, was a potentially mythical Chinese Chán (Zen) master, monk-priest, wanderer and eccentric, whose existence and many affairs were advanced and likely fabricated by the now defunct Fuke Zen or Hotto-ha sect, or sub-sect, of Japanese Rinzai Zen Buddhism in the 17th or 18th century with the publication of the later-disconfirmed document, the Kyotaku Denki (虚鐸伝記), probably first published around 1640.

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Pure Abodes

The Śuddhāvāsa (Pāli: Suddhāvāsa; Tib: gnas gtsang ma) worlds, or "Pure Abodes", are distinct from the other worlds of the Rūpadhātu in that they do not house beings who have been born there through ordinary merit or meditative attainments, but only those Anāgāmins ("Non-returners") who are already on the path to Arhat-hood and who will attain enlightenment directly from the Śuddhāvāsa worlds without being reborn in a lower plane.

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Pure land

A pure land is the celestial realm or pure abode of a buddha or bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.

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Pure Land Buddhism

Pure Land Buddhism (浄土仏教 Jōdo bukkyō; Korean:; Tịnh Độ Tông), also referred to as Amidism in English, is a broad branch of Mahayana Buddhism and one of the most widely practiced traditions of Buddhism in East Asia.

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Purity in Buddhism

Purity (suddha) is an important concept within much of Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism, although the implications of the resultant moral purification may be viewed differently in the varying traditions.

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Putian people

The Putian people, (Chinese: 莆田人, pinyin: Pútiánrén; Puxian Min: 莆仙儂, Hinghwa Romanized: Pó-sing-náng) also known as Henghua or Hinghwa are Han Chinese people from Putian, part of Fujian Province, China.

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Pyu city-states

The Pyu city states (ပျူ မြို့ပြ နိုင်ငံများ) were a group of city-states that existed from c. 2nd century BCE to c. mid-11th century in present-day Upper Burma (Myanmar).

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Qocho

Qocho (Mongolian Uihur "id."), also known as Idiqut, ("holy wealth"; "glory") was a Tocharian-Uyghur kingdom created in 843.

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R v Wang

Regina v Wang (2005) is a legal case, in the criminal law in England and Wales, establishing that a judge in England or in Wales is not entitled to direct, or instruct, order or require, a jury to return a verdict of guilty.

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Rajendra Chola I

Rajendra Chola I or Rajendra I was a Chola emperor of India who succeeded his father Rajaraja Chola I to the throne in 1014 CE.

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Rajneesh

Rajneesh (born Chandra Mohan Jain, 11 December 1931 – 19 January 1990), also known as Acharya Rajneesh, Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, and latterly as Osho, was an Indian godman and leader of the Rajneesh movement.

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Ramana Maharshi

Ramana Maharshi (30 December 1879 – 14 April 1950) was a Hindu sage and jivanmukta.

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Rangtong-Shentong

Rangtong and shentong are two distinctive views on emptiness (sunyata) and the two truths doctrine within Tibetan Buddhism.

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Ranjana alphabet

The Rañjanā script (syn: Kutila, Lantsa) is an abugida writing system which developed in the 11th century.

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Ratnagotravibhāga

The Ratnagotravibhāga (Sanskrit, abbreviated as RgV) and its vyākhyā commentary (abbreviated RgVV), also known as the Uttaratantraśāstra, are a compendium of the tathāgatagarbha literature.

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Ravana

Ravana (IAST: Rāvaṇa;; Sanskrit: रावण) is a character in the Hindu epic Ramayana where he is depicted as the Rakshasa king of Lanka.

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Rāhula

Rāhula (born c. 534 BCE) was the only son of Siddhartha Gautama (commonly known as Buddha), and his wife Princess Yasodharā.

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Reading, Berkshire

Reading is a large, historically important minster town in Berkshire, England, of which it is the county town.

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Reality in Buddhism

Reality in Buddhism is called dharma (Sanskrit) or dhamma (Pali).

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Refuge (Buddhism)

Buddhists take refuge in the Three Jewels or Triple Gem (also known as the "Three Refuges").

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Relativism

Relativism is the idea that views are relative to differences in perception and consideration.

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Religion

Religion may be defined as a cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, world views, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that relates humanity to supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual elements.

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Religion in China

China has long been a cradle and host to a variety of the most enduring religio-philosophical traditions of the world.

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Religion in Karnataka

Religion in Karnataka has played a very important role in shaping modern Indian religions and philosophy.

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Religion in Laos

Laos has an area of and contains a population of approximately 6.6 million.

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Religion in Malaysia

Malaysia is a multicultural and multiconfessional country, whose official religion is Islam.

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Religion in Palau

Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion in Palau; approximately 65% of the population are members.

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Religion in Peru

Religion in Peru is characterised by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices.

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Religion in pre-colonial Philippines

The nature of religion in the pre-colonial Philippines is often unclear.

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Religion in Singapore

Religion in Singapore is characterized by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices due to its diverse ethnic mix of peoples originating from various countries.

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Religion in the Czech Republic

Religion in the Czech Republic was dominated by Christianity until at least the early 20th century.

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Religion in the Republic of Ireland

The predominant religion in the Republic of Ireland is Christianity, with the largest church being the Roman Catholic Church.

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Religion in Tibet

The main religion in Tibet has been Buddhism since its outspread in the 8th century AD.

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Religion in Vietnam

Long-established religions in Vietnam include the Vietnamese folk religion, which has been historically structured by the doctrines of Confucianism and Taoism from China, as well as a strong tradition of Buddhism (called the three teachings or tam giáo).

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Religious syncretism

Religious syncretism exhibits blending of two or more religious belief systems into a new system, or the incorporation into a religious tradition of beliefs from unrelated traditions.

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Religious text

Religious texts (also known as scripture, or scriptures, from the Latin scriptura, meaning "writing") are texts which religious traditions consider to be central to their practice or beliefs.

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Religious thinkers of India

India has been home to a large number of religious thinkers and spiritualists.

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Religious views on organ donation

Many different major religious groups and denominations have varying views on organ donation of a deceased and live bodies, depending on their ideologies.

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Religious vows

Religious vows are the public vows made by the members of religious communities pertaining to their conduct, practices, and views.

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Rewalsar Lake

Rewalsar Lake is a mid-altitude lake located on a mountain spur in the Mandi district, 22.5 km south-west from Mandi, in India.

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Rewata Dhamma

Sayadaw U Rewata Dhamma (4 December 1929, Thamangone – 26 May 2004, Birmingham) was a prominent Theravada Buddhist monk and noted Abhidhamma scholar from Myanmar (Burma).

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Rhinoceros Sutra

The Rhinoceros Sutra (Khaggavisāṇa-sutta; Khaḍgaviṣāṇa-gāthā; Khargaviṣaṇa-sutra or Khargaviṣaṇa-gasa) is a very early Buddhist text advocating the merit of solitary asceticism for pursuing enlightenment as opposed to practicing as a householder or in a community of monastics.

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Rigpa organization

Rigpa is the name of an international Buddhist organization founded by Sogyal Rinpoche in 1979.

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Roger Allen LaPorte

Roger Allen LaPorte (July 16, 1943 – November 10, 1965) is best known as a protester of the Vietnam War who set himself on fire in front of the United Nations building in New York City on November 9, 1965, to protest the United States involvement in the war.

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Roh Moo-hyun

Roh Moo-hyun GOM (1 September 1946 – 23 May 2009) was a South Korean politician who served as President of South Korea (2003–2008).

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Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama

Rolpe Dorje (རོལ་པའི་རྡོ་རྗེ་ེ་) (1340–1383) was the fourth Gyalwa Karmapa.

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Roubaix

Roubaix is a city in Northern France, located in the Lille metropolitan area.

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Rupajhana

In Buddhism, rūpajhānas (Sanskrit: rūpadhyāna "meditations of form", literally "form meditations") are successive levels of meditation in which the mind is focused on a material or mental object: it is a word frequently used in Pāli scriptures and to a lesser extent in the Mahayana scriptures.

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Ryōgen

was the 18th chief abbot of Enryaku-ji in the 10th century.

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Saṃmitīya

The Saṃmitīya (Sanskrit) were one of the eighteen or twenty early Buddhist schools in India, and were an offshoot of the Vātsīputrīya sect.

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Sacred Books of the East

The Sacred Books of the East is a monumental 50-volume set of English translations of Asian religious writings, edited by Max Müller and published by the Oxford University Press between 1879 and 1910.

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Sacred language

A sacred language, "holy language" (in religious context) or liturgical language is any language that is cultivated and used primarily in religious service or for other religious reasons by people who speak another, primary language in their daily life.

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Sadāparibhūta

Sadāparibhūta Bodhisattva, Never Disparaging Bodhisattva, (Ch: 常不輕菩薩 cháng bù qīng púsà; Jp: Jōkufyō Bosatsu) appears in Lotus Sutra Chapter 20 which describes the practices of Bodhisattva Never Disparaging, who lived in the Middle Period of the Law (Ch: 像法 xiàng fă) of the Buddha Awesome Sound King (Ch: 威音王如來 Wēi yīn wáng rúlái).

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Saichō

was a Japanese Buddhist monk credited with founding the Tendai school of Buddhism based on the Chinese Tiantai school he was exposed to during his trip to Tang China beginning in 804.

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Saimyō-ji (Kora)

, also known as or as is a Buddhist temple of the Tendai sect in Kōra, Shiga Prefecture, Japan.

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Sajawand

Sajāwand (Dari/Pashto: سجاوند) is a village in Baraki Barak district, Logar province, Afghanistan.

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Salihundam

Salihundam, a historically important Buddhist monument and a major tourist attraction is a village lying on top of the hill on the south bank of the Vamsadhara River.

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Salistamba Sutra

The Śālistamba Sūtra (rice stalk or rice sapling sūtra) is an early Buddhist text that shows a few unique features which indicate a turn to the early Mahayana.

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Salt

Salt, table salt or common salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in its natural form as a crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite.

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Salvation

Salvation (salvatio; sōtēría; yāšaʕ; al-ḵalaṣ) is being saved or protected from harm or being saved or delivered from a dire situation.

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Samadhiraja Sutra

The Samādhirāja Sūtra or Candrapradīpa Sūtra (Sanskrit) is a Buddhist sutra dating to c. 2nd century CE.

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Saman (deity)

Saman (also called Sumana, Sumana Saman, සුමන සමන් දෙවි) is a deity, subject to local and indigenous belief and worship in Sri Lanka.

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Samantabhadra

Samantabhadra (Sanskrit, "Universal Worthy") is a bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism associated with practice and meditation.

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Samantabhadra Meditation Sutra

The Samantabhadra Meditation Sūtra (Japanese: 普賢經; Rōmaji Fugen-kyō; Korean: 관보현보살행벞경; Gwanbohyeonbosalhaengbeop Gyeong), Tibetan: ཀུན་ཏུ་བཟང་པོ་; Kunde Zangpo; also known as the Sūtra of Meditation on the Bodhisattva Universal Virtue, is a Mahayana Buddhist sutra teaching meditation and repentance practices.

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Sambalpur

Sambalpur is located in the western part of Odisha, and is one of the largest and oldest cities in the state.

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San Chao Pho Suea Phra Nakhon

San Chao Pho Suea Phra Nakhon or San Chao Pho Suea Sao Chingcha (ศาลเจ้าพ่อเสือพระนคร, ศาลเจ้าพ่อเสือเสาชิงช้า; usually shortened to San Chao Pho Suea (ศาลเจ้าพ่อเสือ); traditional Chinese: 打惱路玄天上帝廟; simplified Chinese: 打恼路玄天上帝庙; pinyin: Dǎ nǎo lù xuán tiān shàngdì miào; commonly known in English as Tiger God Shrine) is a Chinese joss house located at 468 Tanao Road, San Chaopho Suea Sub-District, Phra Nakhon District in the old town Bangkok (Rattanakosin Island) near Sao Chingcha (Giant Swing) and Wat Mahannapharam with features the Southern Chinese architectural style.

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San Diu people

The Sán Dìu (also known as San Deo, Trai, Trai Dat and Man Quan Coc;; Chữ nôm:; Vietnamese alphabet: Người Sán Dìu) is a Yao ethnic group in northern Vietnam who speak Yue Chinese (Cantonese), a Chinese language.

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Sanchi

Sanchi Stupa, also written Sanci, is a Buddhist complex, famous for its Great Stupa, on a hilltop at Sanchi Town in Raisen District of the State of Madhya Pradesh, India.

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Sandhinirmocana Sutra

The Ārya-saṃdhi-nirmocana-sūtra (Sanskrit;; Gongpa Ngédrel) or Noble sūtra of the Explanation of the Profound Secrets is a Mahāyāna Buddhist text and the most important sutra of the Yogācāra school.

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Sang Sinxay

Sang Sinxay (ສັງສິນໄຊ, also known as Sinxay or Sinsai), is a Lao epic poem written by Pang Kham.

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Sanggar Agung

Sanggar Agung Temple or Hong San Tang is a Chinese temple in Surabaya dedicated to Chinese deities and other Asian religious icons.

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Sanghata Sutra

The Sanghata Sutra (Ārya Sanghāta Sūtra; Devanagari, आर्य सङ्घाट सूत्र) is a Mahāyāna Buddhist scripture widely circulated in northwest India and Central Asia.

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Sanghyang Adi Buddha

Sanghyang Adi Buddha is a concept of God in Buddhism in Indonesia.

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Sanghyang Kamahayanikan

Sang Hyang Kamahayanikan is a prose literature of old Javanese people.

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Sanjaya dynasty

Sañjaya was an ancient Javanese dynasty that ruled the Mataram kingdom in Java during first millennium CE.

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Sanjaya of Mataram

King Sanjaya of Mataram (AD 716 – 746) or in complete stylized name known as Rakai Mataram Sang Ratu Sanjaya (King Sanjaya Rakai (lord) of Mataram) was the founder of Mataram Kingdom during the eighth century.

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Sanskrit

Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.

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Santi Asoke

The Santi Asoke (สันติอโศก (อะโศก) "Peaceful Ashoka") was established by a former television entertainer and songwriter Phra Bodhirak after he "declared independence from the Ecclesiastical Council in 1975".

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Sarala Temple

The Maa Sarala Temple is a Hindu temple in the district of Jagatsinghpur, Odisha, India.

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Sariputta

Sāriputta (Pali) or (Sanskrit) was one of two chief male disciples of Gautama Buddha along with Moggallāna, counterparts to the bhikkhunis Khema and Uppalavanna, his two chief female disciples.

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Sarvanivarana-Vishkambhin

Sarvanivāraṇaviṣkambhin (Chinese: Chú Gàizhàng Púsà 除蓋障菩薩; or Jìngzhū Yèzhàng Púsà 凈諸業障菩薩; Tibetan: སྒྲིབ་པ་རྣམ་སེལ་ Dribpa Namsel) is a bodhisattva revered in Mahāyāna Buddhism.

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Sarvastivada

The Sarvāstivāda (Sanskrit) were an early school of Buddhism that held to the existence of all dharmas in the past, present and future, the "three times".

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Sati (Buddhism)

Sati (in Pali; Sanskrit: smṛti) is mindfulness or awareness, a spiritual or psychological faculty (indriya) that forms an essential part of Buddhist practice.

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Sati (practice)

Sati or suttee is an obsolete funeral custom where a widow immolates herself on her husband's pyre or takes her own life in another fashion shortly after her husband's death.

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Sādhanā

Sādhana (Sanskrit साधन), literally "a means of accomplishing something", is a generic term coming from the yogic tradition and it refers to any spiritual exercise that is aimed at progressing the sādhaka towards the very ultimate expression of his or her life in this reality.

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Sōtō

Sōtō Zen or is the largest of the three traditional sects of Zen in Japanese Buddhism (the others being Rinzai and Ōbaku).

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Schism

A schism (pronounced, or, less commonly) is a division between people, usually belonging to an organization, movement, or religious denomination.

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Schools of Buddhism

The Schools of Buddhism are the various institutional and doctrinal divisions of Buddhism that have existed from ancient times up to the present.

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Sdok Kok Thom

Sdok Kok Thom (สด๊กก๊อกธม, Sadok Kok Thom,; ស្តុកកក់ធំ), or Sdok Kak Thom, is an 11th-century Khmer temple in present-day Thailand, located about northeast of the Thai border town of Aranyaprathet.

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Seated Bodhisattva (left attendant of a triad)

Seated Bodhisattva (left attendant of a triad) (Korean: 목조보살좌상; Chinese: 木造菩薩坐像) is a statue of a Bodhisattva belonging to mid-17th century, Joseon dynastic period of Korean peninsula.

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Seated Jie Daishi

is an anonymous wooden sculpture dated from 1286 depicting Jie Daishi (Priest Ryōgen), property of the Kongōrin-ji temple in Aishō, Shiga.

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Sect

A sect is a subgroup of a religious, political, or philosophical belief system, usually an offshoot of a larger group.

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Self-enquiry (Ramana Maharshi)

Self-enquiry, also spelled self-inquiry (Sanskrit vichara, also called jnana-vichara or), is the constant attention to the inner awareness of "I" or "I am" recommended by Ramana Maharshi as the most efficient and direct way of discovering the unreality of the "I"-thought.

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Self-immolation

Self-immolation is an act of killing oneself as a sacrifice.

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Senshō Murakami

Senshō Murakami (村上専精, 1 May 1851 – 31 October 1929) was a Meiji period Buddhist scholar.

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Sentience

Sentience is the capacity to feel, perceive or experience subjectively.

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Sentient beings (Buddhism)

In Buddhism, sentient beings are beings with consciousness, sentience, or in some contexts life itself.

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Sera Monastery

Sera Monastery ("Wild Roses Monastery") is one of the "great three" Gelug university monasteries of Tibet, located north of Lhasa and about north of the Jokhang.

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Sewu

Sewu (Sèwu) is an eighth century Mahayana Buddhist temple located 800 meters north of Prambanan in Central Java, Indonesia.

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Shailendra dynasty

The Shailendra dynasty (derived from Sanskrit combined words Śaila and Indra, meaning "King of the Mountain", also spelled Sailendra, Syailendra or Selendra) was the name of a notable Indianised Indonesian dynasty that emerged in 8th century Java, whose reign signified a cultural renaissance in the region.

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Shanghainese people

The Shanghainese people (Chinese: 上海人, Shanghainese: Zaanhaening,; p Shànghǎirén) are the natives of the City of Shanghai.

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Shanshan

Shanshan (Piqan) was a kingdom located at the north-eastern end of the Taklamakan Desert near the great, but now mostly dry, salt lake known as Lop Nur.

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Shantideva

Shantideva (Sanskrit: Śāntideva;;; Шантидэва гэгээн; Tịch Thiên) was a 8th-century Indian Buddhist monk and scholar at Nalanda.

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Shōbōgenzō

is the title most commonly used to refer to the collection of works written in Japanese by the 13th century Japanese Buddhist monk and founder of the Japanese Sōtō Zen school, Eihei Dōgen.

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Shenism in Southeast Asia

Shenism (shen 神 worship) in Southeast Asia plays a dynamic role in the lives of the Chinese populations that have settled in the countries of this geographic region, particularly Burmese Chinese, Singaporean Chinese, Malaysian Chinese, Thai Chinese and Hoa.

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Shi Ming Yi

Ven.

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Shin Arahan

The Venerable Shin Arahan (ရှင်အရဟံ; formally, Dhammadassi Mahathera,; 1034 – 1115) was primate of the Pagan Kingdom from 1056 to 1115.

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Shin Megami Tensei: Nocturne

Shin Megami Tensei: Nocturne is a post-apocalyptic role-playing video game for the PlayStation 2.

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Shin Upagutta

Shin Upagutta (ရှင်ဥပဂုတ္တ or ရှင်ဥပဂုတ်; also spelt Shin Upagot, Shin Upagote or Shin U Pagoke) is a Buddhist arahant commonly venerated by Buddhists in Burma, as he is believed to protect worshipers from danger, including floods and storms.

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Shingon Buddhism

is one of the major schools of Buddhism in Japan and one of the few surviving Vajrayana lineages in East Asia, originally spread from India to China through traveling monks such as Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra.

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Shinnyo-en

is a Japanese new religion in the tradition of the Daigo branch of Shingon Buddhism.

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Shrine

A shrine (scrinium "case or chest for books or papers"; Old French: escrin "box or case") is a holy or sacred place, which is dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, daemon, or similar figure of awe and respect, at which they are venerated or worshipped.

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Shussan Shaka

Shussan Shaka (Japanese: 出山釋迦 shussan shaka; Chinese: 出山释迦 chūshān shìjiā; English: Śākyamuni Emerging from the Mountain) refers to the Zen Buddhist story of Śākyamuni Buddha returning from six years of asceticism in the mountains, having realized that ascetic practice is not the path to enlightenment.

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Si Satchanalai Historical Park

The Si Satchanalai Historical Park (อุทยานประวัติศาสตร์ศรีสัชนาลัย) is a historical park in Si Satchanalai district, Sukhothai Province, northern Thailand.

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Sichuanese people

The Sichuanese, Sze Chuan or Si Ch'uan (previous romanize spelling) people (Sichuanese: 巴蜀人 Ba1su2ren2; IPA:; alternatively 川人, 川渝人, 四川人 or 巴蜀民系) are a subgroup of Han Chinese living in mostly Sichuan province and Chongqing municipality of China.

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Sigiriya

Sigiriya or Sinhagiri (Lion Rock සීගිරිය, சிகிரியா, pronounced see-gi-ri-yə) is an ancient rock fortress located in the northern Matale District near the town of Dambulla in the Central Province, Sri Lanka.

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Sihanoukville (city)

Sihanoukville (ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ, Krong Preah Sihanouk), also known as "Kampong Som" (កំពង់សោម), is a coastal city in Cambodia and the capital city of Sihanoukville Province, at the tip of an elevated peninsula in the country's south-west on the Gulf of Thailand.

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Sihanoukville Province

Preah Sihanouk Province (ខេត្តព្រះសីហនុ, "King Sihanouk"), commonly referred to as Sihanoukville Province, is a province (ខេត្ត, khaet) in the south-west of Cambodia at the Gulf of Thailand.

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Sikhī Buddha

According to the Buddhavamsa and buddhist mythology, Sikhī (Pāli) is the twenty-third of twenty-eight Buddhas.

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Silk Road transmission of Buddhism

Buddhism entered Han China via the Silk Road, beginning in the 1st or 2nd century CE.

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Simone Weil

Simone Weil (3 February 1909 – 24 August 1943) was a French philosopher, mystic, and political activist. The mathematician Andre Weil was her brother. After her graduation from formal education, Weil became a teacher. She taught intermittently throughout the 1930s, taking several breaks due to poor health and to devote herself to political activism, work that would see her assisting in the trade union movement, taking the side of the Anarchists known as the Durruti Column in the Spanish Civil War, and spending more than a year working as a labourer, mostly in auto factories, so she could better understand the working class. Taking a path that was unusual among twentieth-century left-leaning intellectuals, she became more religious and inclined towards mysticism as her life progressed. Weil wrote throughout her life, though most of her writings did not attract much attention until after her death. In the 1950s and 1960s, her work became famous in continental Europe and throughout the English-speaking world. Her thought has continued to be the subject of extensive scholarship across a wide range of fields. A meta study from the University of Calgary found that between 1995 and 2012 over 2,500 new scholarly works had been published about her. Albert Camus described her as "the only great spirit of our times".

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Sin Ming

Sin Ming is a housing estate located in the subzone of Upper Thomson in the town of Bishan, Singapore.

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Singapore

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia.

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Singapore Stone

The Singapore Stone is a fragment of a large sandstone slab which originally stood at the mouth of the Singapore River.

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Sinhalese monarchy

The Sinhalese monarchy has its origins in the settlement of North Indian Indo-Aryan immigrants to the island of Sri Lanka.

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Siong Lim Temple

Siong Lim Temple, also known as Lian Shan Shuang Lin Monastery, is a Buddhist monastery located in Toa Payoh, Singapore.

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Sisaket Province

Sisaket (ศรีสะเกษ), is one of the northeastern provinces (changwat) of Thailand.

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Sister Uppalavanna

Sister Uppalavannā (Else Buchholtz) was a German violinist who converted to Buddhism, becoming the first European Buddhist nun since the time of Greco-Buddhism.

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Sitatapatra

Sitātapatrā (Sanskrit: "White Parasol") is a protector against supernatural danger.

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Sivakara Deva I

Sivakara Deva I also known as Sivakara Unmattasimha/ Unamattakeshari (Odia: ପ୍ରଥମ ଶିବକର ଦେବ ବା ଶିବକର ଉନ୍ମତସିଂହ/ ଉନ୍ମତକେଶରୀ) was a powerful monarch of the Bhaumakara Dynasty who ruled in the late tertiary part of the 8th century A.D. He was the descendant of Ksemankara Deva who is believed to be the founder of the Bhaumakara rule in ancient Odisha and also the earliest organizer of the Varna system in the region.

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Skanda (Buddhism)

Skanda, also known as Wei Tuo, is a Mahayana bodhisattva regarded as a devoted guardian of Buddhist monasteries who guards the teachings of Buddhism.

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Skandha

Skandhas (Sanskrit) or khandhas (Pāḷi) means "heaps, aggregates, collections, groupings".

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Society of the Song dynasty

Chinese society during the Song dynasty (960–1279) was marked by political and legal reforms, a philosophical revival of Confucianism, and the development of cities beyond administrative purposes into centers of trade, industry, and maritime commerce.

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Sojiwan

Sojiwan (Javanese orthography: Såjiwan, or sometimes spelled Sajiwan) is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple located in Kebon Dalem Kidul village, Prambanan, Klaten Regency, Central Java.

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Sojomerto inscription

The Sojomerto inscription is an inscription discovered in Sojomerto village, Reban, Batang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.

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Solipsism

Solipsism is the philosophical idea that only one's own mind is sure to exist.

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Sonam Dolma Brauen

Sonam Dolma Brauen (born 1953) is a Tibetan-Swiss contemporary painter and sculptor.

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Song dynasty

The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.

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Song Yun

Song Yun was a Chinese Buddhist monk who was sent by the devout Buddhist Empress Hu (胡, ?-528 CE) of the Northern Wei Dynasty with some companions including the monk Hui Zheng, Fa Li and Zheng (or Wang) Fouze, to northwestern India to search for Buddhist texts.

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Soteriology

Soteriology (σωτηρία "salvation" from σωτήρ "savior, preserver" and λόγος "study" or "word") is the study of religious doctrines of salvation.

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Soul

In many religious, philosophical, and mythological traditions, there is a belief in the incorporeal essence of a living being called the soul. Soul or psyche (Greek: "psychē", of "psychein", "to breathe") are the mental abilities of a living being: reason, character, feeling, consciousness, memory, perception, thinking, etc.

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South Sumatra

South Sumatra (Sumatera Selatan) is a province of Indonesia.

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Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.

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Southern, Eastern and Northern Buddhism

"Southern Buddhism", "Eastern Buddhism" and "Northern Buddhism" are geographical terms sometimes used to describe the styles of Buddhism practiced in Asia.

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Soyen Shaku

Soyen Shaku (釈 宗演, January 10, 1860 – October 29, 1919; written in modern Japanese Sōen Shaku or Kōgaku Sōen Shaku) was the first Zen Buddhist master to teach in the United States.

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Spiritual development

Spiritual development is the development of the personality towards a religious or spiritual desired better personality.

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Sri Kesari Warmadewa

Sri Kesari Warmadewa was the first king of Bali to leave a written inscription.

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Sri Mulavasam

Sri Mulavasam was a famous Buddhist temple and centre of pilgrimage on the south-western coast of India.

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Sri Singha

Shri Singha (Sanskrit) was a principal disciple and dharma-son of Mañjuśrīmitra in the Dzogchen lineage.

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St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe)

St.

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Standing Twelve Heavenly Generals (Tokyo National Museum)

is a set of five anonymous wooden sculptures from the 13th century depicting the Twelve Heavenly Generals, now part of the collection of the Tokyo National Museum.

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Statue of Tara

The Statue of Tara is a gilt-bronze sculpture of the Tara that dates from the 8th century AD in Sri Lanka.

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Stone Sculptures on Yaowang Mountain

The Stone Sculptures on Yaowang Mountain, or Bhaiṣajyarāja, are located on Yaowang Mountain (药王山) 1.5 kilometers east of the Yaoxian county seat, in Shaanxi, China.

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Subhuti

Subhūti (Pali: Subhūti) was one of the Ten Great Śrāvakas of Gautama Buddha, and foremost in giving gifts.

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Sukhavati

Sukhāvatī, or the Western Paradise, refers to the western pure land of Amitābha in Mahayana Buddhism.

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Sukhothai Kingdom

The Kingdom of Sukhothai (สุโขทัย, Soo-Ker Ty) was an early kingdom in the area around the city Sukhothai, in north central Thailand.

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Sumangalo

Venerable Sumangalo was a Buddhist monk of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism in Singapore and Malaysia.

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Supreme Patriarch of Thailand

The Supreme Patriarch or Sangharaja (สังฆราช) is the head of the order of Buddhist monks in Thailand.

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Surai Sasai

(born as), popularly known as Sasai, is a Japanese-born buddhist monk who later chose India as his home.

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Suryavarman I

Suryavarman I (សូរ្យវរ្ម័នទី១; posthumously Nirvanapada) was king of the Khmer Empire from 1006 to 1050.

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Sutra

A sutra (Sanskrit: IAST: sūtra; Pali: sutta) is a religious discourse (teaching) in text form originating from the spiritual traditions of India, particularly Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.

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Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment

The Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment or Complete Enlightenment is a Mahāyāna Buddhist sūtra highly esteemed by both the Huayan and Zen schools.

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Sutrayana

Sūtrayāna, (Sanskrit) is the Indo-Tibetan three-fold classification of yanas.

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Suwa-taisha

, historically also known as Suwa Shrine (諏訪神社 Suwa Jinja) or, is a Shinto shrine in Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

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Svabhava

Svabhava (svabhāva; sabhāva) literally means "own-being" or "own-becoming".

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Svasaṃvedana

In Buddhist philosophy, Svasaṃvedana (also Svasaṃvitti) is a term which refers to the self-reflexive nature of consciousness.

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Swat (princely state)

The State of Swat (Pashto: د يوسفزو رياست سوات) was a province ruled by local rulers known as the Akhunds, then until 1947 a princely state of the British Indian Empire, which was dissolved in 1969, when the Akhwand acceded to Pakistan.

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Ta Prohm

Ta Prohm (ប្រាសាទតាព្រហ្ម, pronunciation: prasat taprohm) is the modern name of the temple at Angkor, Siem Reap Province, Cambodia, built in the Bayon style largely in the late 12th and early 13th centuries and originally called Rajavihara (in Khmer: រាជវិហារ).

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Tabo Monastery

Tabo Monastery (or Tabo Chos-Khor Monastery) is located in the Tabo village of Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, northern India.

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Tagalog people

The Tagalog people (Baybayin) are a major ethnolingustic group in the Philippines.

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Taishanese people

Sze Yap Cantonese (Chinese: 四邑廣東人; Sze Yap: Hlei Yip Gong Ong Ngin; Cantonese: Sei Yap Gwong Dong Yan; Mandarin: Sìyì guǎngdōng rén) are a Han Chinese group coming from a region in Guangdong Province in China called Sze Yap (四邑), which consisted of the four county-level cities of Taishan, Kaiping, Xinhui, and Enping.

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Taishanese people in Hong Kong

Sze Yap Cantonese (Chinese: 四邑廣東人; Taishanese: Sli Yip Gong Ong Ngin; Cantonese: Sei Yap Gwong Dong Yan; Mandarin: Si Yi Guang Dong Ren) represents the second largest Han group in Hong Kong after the group of people (Punti) originating from the Guangzhou-Sam Yap region.

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Taiwanese people

Taiwanese people (Mandarin: 臺灣人 (traditional), 台湾人 (simplified); Minnan: 臺灣儂; Hakka 臺灣人 (Romanization: Thòi-vàn ngìn)) are people from Taiwan who share a common Taiwanese culture and speak Mandarin Chinese, Hokkien, Hakka, or Aboriginal languages as a mother tongue.

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Takakusu Junjiro

, who often published as J. Takakusu, was a Japanese academic, an advocate for expanding higher education opportunities, and an internationally known Buddhist scholar.

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Takeminakata

or, also known as or is a Shinto god who appears in the Kojiki and derivative accounts.

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Tamraparni

Tamraparni (Tamil/Sanskrit) is an ancient name of a river proximal to Tirunelveli of South India and Puttalam of Western Sri Lanka.

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Tang dynasty art

Tang dynasty art is Chinese art made during the Tang dynasty (618–907).

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Tanhua

Tanhua may refer to.

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Tanka people

The Tankas or boat people are an ethnic subgroup in Southern China who have traditionally lived on junks in coastal parts of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan, and Zhejiang, as well as Hong Kong, and Macau.

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Tantric Theravada

Tantric Theravada, Esoteric Southern Buddhism and Borān kammaṭṭhāna ('ancient practices') are terms used to refer to certain Tantric and esoteric practices, views and texts within Theravada Buddhism.

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Tao

Tao or Dao (from) is a Chinese word signifying 'way', 'path', 'route', 'road' or sometimes more loosely 'doctrine', 'principle' or 'holistic science' Dr Zai, J..

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Taoist philosophy

Taoist philosophy (Chinese: 道家; pinyin: dàojiā; lit. "school or family of the Tao") also known as Taology (Chinese: 道學; pinyin: dàoxué; lit. "learning of the Tao") refers to the various philosophical currents of Taoism, a tradition of Chinese origin which emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (also romanized as ''Dao'').

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Tara (Buddhism)

Tara (तारा,; Tib. སྒྲོལ་མ, Dölma) or Ārya Tārā, also known as Jetsun Dölma (Tibetan language: rje btsun sgrol ma) in Tibetan Buddhism, is an important figure in Buddhism.

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Tara (Devi)

In Hinduism and Buddhism, the goddess Tara, is the second of the Dasa (ten) Mahavidyas or "Great Wisdom goddesses", and is a form of Shakti, the tantric manifestations of the goddess.

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Tashi Rabgias

Tashi Rabgias (born 1927) is an Indian scholar and historian belonging to Leh, Ladakh.

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Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra

The Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra is an influential and doctrinally striking Mahāyāna Buddhist scripture which treats of the existence of the "Tathāgatagarbha" (Buddha-Matrix, Buddha-Embryo, Buddha-Essence, lit. "the womb of the thus-come-one") within all sentient creatures.

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Tathātā

Tathātā (tathātā; tathatā) is variously translated as "thusness" or "suchness".

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Tattvasiddhi

The Tattvasiddhi-Śāstra ("the treatise that accomplishes reality"), also known as the Sādhyasiddhi-Śāstra, is an Indian Buddhist text by a figure known as Harivarman (250-350).

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Tawang Monastery

Tawang Monastery, located in Tawang city of Tawang district in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, is the largest monastery in India and second largest in the world after the Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet.

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Taxila

Taxila (from Pāli: Takkasilā, Sanskrit: तक्षशिला,, meaning "City of Cut Stone" or " Rock") is a town and an important archaeological site in the Rawalpindi District of the Punjab, Pakistan, situated about north-west of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, just off the famous Grand Trunk Road.

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Tay people

The Tày people speak a language of the Central Tai language group, and live in northern Vietnam.

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Tịnh Xá Trung Tâm

Tịnh Xá Trung Tâm is a Buddhist temple in Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam.

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Ten Stages Sutra

The Ten Stages Sutra (Sanskrit: Daśabhūmika Sūtra) also known as the Daśabhūmika Sūtra, is an early, influential Mahayana Buddhist scripture.

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Ten suchnesses

The Ten suchnesses (Chinese: 十如是 shí rúshì; Japanese: 十如是 jū nyoze) are a Mahayana doctrine which is important, as well as unique, to that of the Tiantai (Tendai) and Nichiren Buddhist schools of thought.

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Tendai

is a Mahayana Buddhist school established in Japan in the year 806 by a monk named Saicho also known as.

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Tengyur

The Tengyur or Tanjur or Bstan-’gyur (Tibetan: "Translation of Teachings") is the Tibetan collection of commentaries to the Buddhist teachings, or "Translated Treatises".

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Tenzin Zopa

Geshe Tenzin Zopa (born 1975) is a Nepalese Tibetan Buddhist monk of the Mahayana tradition.

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Teochew people

The Teochew people (also known as Tiê-Chiu in romanized Teochew, Chaozhou in Mandarin, and Chiuchow in Cantonese) are a Han Chinese native to the historical Chaozhou prefecture (now the Chaoshan region) of eastern Guangdong province.

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Terma (religion)

Terma ("hidden treasure") are various forms of hidden teachings that are key to Vajrayana or Tibetan Buddhist and Bon religious traditions. The belief is that these teachings were originally esoterically hidden by various adepts such as Padmasambhava and dakini such as Yeshe Tsogyal (consorts) during the 8th century, for future discovery at auspicious times by other adepts, who are known as tertöns. As such, terma represent a tradition of continuous revelation in Vajrayana or Tibetan Buddhism. Termas are a part of tantric literature.

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Thai Chinese

Thai of Chinese origin, often called Thai Chinese, consist of Thai people of full or partial Chinese ancestry – particularly Han Chinese.

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Thai Forest Tradition

The Kammaṭṭhāna Forest Tradition of Thailand (Pali: kammaṭṭhāna meaning "place of work"), commonly known in the West as the Thai Forest Tradition, is a lineage of Theravada Buddhist monasticism, as well as the lineage's associated heritage of Buddhist praxis.

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Thangka

A thangka, variously spelt as thangka, tangka, thanka, or tanka (Nepal Bhasa: पौभा), is a Tibetan Buddhist painting on cotton, silk appliqué, usually depicting a Buddhist deity, scene, or mandala.

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Tharpa Publications

Tharpa Publications (Sanskrit for "liberation" and pronounced "Tar-pa") is "a major international and multilingual publisher of Buddhist books" by the Buddhist author and scholar Geshe Kelsang Gyatso.

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Thích Nhất Hạnh

Thích Nhất Hạnh (born as Nguyễn Xuân Bảo on October 11, 1926) is a Vietnamese Buddhist monk and peace activist.

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Thích Nhật Từ

Ven.

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Thích Quảng Đức

Thích Quảng Đức (189711 June 1963, born Lâm Văn Túc), was a Vietnamese Mahayana Buddhist monk who burned himself to death at a busy Saigon road intersection on 11 June 1963.

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Thích Trí Quang

Thích Trí Quang (born 1924) is a Vietnamese Mahayana Buddhist monk best known for his role in leading South Vietnam's Buddhist population during the Buddhist crisis in 1963.

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The Compass of Zen

The Compass of Zen is a book of teachings by Seung Sahn Soen Sa Nim, a compilation of talks given by him since 1977 that were then edited by his student Hyon Gak (Paul Muenzen).

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The Doors of Perception

The Doors of Perception is a philosophical essay, released as a book, by Aldous Huxley.

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The Eight Garudhammas

The Eight Garudhammas (or "heavy rules") are additional precepts required of bhikkhunis (fully ordained Buddhist nuns) above and beyond the monastic rule (vinaya) that applied to monks.

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The Great Dharani Sutra

The Great Dharani Sutra is a copy of the Uṣṇīṣa Vijaya Dhāraṇī Sūtra, a scripture of Mahayana Buddhism, which is considered to be the oldest printed text in the world.

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The New Heart of Wisdom

The New Heart of Wisdom: Profound Teachings from Buddha's Heart (Tharpa Publications 5th. ed., 2012) is a commentary to Buddha Shakyamuni's Heart Sutra by Geshe Kelsang Gyatso, a Buddhist teacher and author in the West.

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The Tao of Zen

The Tao of Zen is a nonfiction book by Ray Grigg, published by Charles E. Tuttle Company in 1994, and reprinted by Alva Press in 1999.

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The Teaching of Vimalakīrti

The Teaching of Vimalakīrti (Vimalakīrtinirdeśa), originally titled in French L'Enseignement de Vimalakīrti (Vimalakīrtinirdeśa), is a study and translation of the Vimalakirti Sutra (VKN) by Étienne Lamotte.

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The Teachings of the Mystics

The Teachings of the Mystics is a 1960 work of popular philosophy by the Princeton philosopher Walter T. Stace that lays out his philosophy of mysticism and compiles writings on mystical experience from across religious traditions.

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The Venerable

The Venerable is used as a style or epithet in several Christian churches.

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The Voice of the Silence

The Voice of the Silence is a book by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky.

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The Way of Zen

The Way of Zen is a 1957 non-fiction book on Zen Buddhism and Eastern philosophy by philosopher and religious scholar Alan Watts.

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Thekchen Choling

*"Thekchen Choling" is also the name of the 14th Dalai Lama's monastery in Dharamsala (in the Kangra district of the state of Himachal Pradesh, India). Thekchen Choling is a registered Buddhist organisation in the Republic of Singapore.

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Theodorus (meridarch)

Theodorus (Θεόδωρος) was a "meridarch" (Civil Governor of a province) in the Swat province of the Indo-Greek kingdom in the northern Indian subcontinent, probably sometime between 100 BCE and the end of Greek rule in Gandhara in 55 BCE.

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Theravada

Theravāda (Pali, literally "school of the elder monks") is a branch of Buddhism that uses the Buddha's teaching preserved in the Pāli Canon as its doctrinal core.

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Thian Hock Keng

Thian Hock Keng.

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Third Buddhist council

The Third Buddhist council was convened in about 250 BCE at Asokarama in Pataliputra, supposedly under the patronage of Emperor Ashoka.

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Thiriyai

Thiriyai (translit,translit) is a small village in the eastern Trincomalee District of Sri Lanka.

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Thirty-five Confession Buddhas

The Thirty-Five Confession Buddhas are known from the Sutra of the Three Heaps (Sanskrit: Triskandhadharmasutra; Tib. phung po gsum pa'i mdo), popular in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Tholing Monastery

Tholing Monastery (or Toling, mtho lding dgon pa མཐོ་ལྡིང་དགོན་པ) (Tuolin si 托林寺) is the oldest monastery (or gompa) in the Ngari Prefecture of western Tibet.

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Three Ages of Buddhism

The Three Ages of Buddhism, also known as the Three Ages of the Dharma, are three divisions of time following Buddha's passing in East Asian Buddhism.

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Three poisons

The three poisons (Sanskrit: triviṣa; Tibetan: dug gsum) or the three unwholesome roots (Sanskrit: akuśala-mūla; Pāli: akusala-mūla), in Buddhism, refer to the three root kleshas of Moha (delusion, confusion), Raga (greed, sensual attachment), and Dvesha (aversion, ill will).

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Three Turnings of the Wheel of Dharma

The Three Turnings of the Wheel (of Dharma) refers to a framework for understanding the sutra stream of the teachings of the Buddhism originally devised by the Yogachara school.

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Tianlong

Tianlong (lit. "heavenly dragon") is a flying dragon in Chinese mythology, a star in Chinese astrology, and a proper name.

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Tiantai

Tiantai is a school of Buddhism in China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam that reveres the Lotus Sutra as the highest teaching in Buddhism.

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Tibbetibaba

Tibbetibaba also known as Mahasadhak Tibbetibaba or Paramhamsa Tibbetibaba, alternative spellings Tibbatibaba, Tibbati Baba, Tibbeti Baba,Tibbotibaba or Tibboti Baba ("Tibetan Baba" or the Monk from Tibet, when translated into English.) born Nabin Chattopadhhyaya নবীন চট্টোপাধ্যায়;Mahasamadhi or death – 19 November 1930) was a famous Bengali philosopher, saint and yogi. He was one of the few saints in India whose life was an amalgamation of the Advaita Vedanta doctrine of Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhist doctrine. Tibbetibaba was a master of all the eight siddhis and supposedly had remarkable healing powers. Even though he was master of all the siddhis, he was not personally interested in using them.

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Tibet

Tibet is a historical region covering much of the Tibetan Plateau in Central Asia.

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Tibetan art

For more than a thousand years, Tibetan artists have played a key role in the cultural life of Tibet.

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Tibetan Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism is the form of Buddhist doctrine and institutions named after the lands of Tibet, but also found in the regions surrounding the Himalayas and much of Central Asia.

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Tibetan Buddhist canon

The Tibetan Buddhist canon is a loosely defined list of sacred texts recognized by various sects of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Tibetan culture

Tibet developed a distinct culture due to its geographic and climatic conditions.

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Timeline of Buddhism

The purpose of this timeline is to give a detailed account of Buddhism from the birth of Gautama Buddha to the present.

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Timeline of South Asian history

Below is a timeline of South Asian history.

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Tominaga Nakamoto

was a Japanese philosopher.

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Tondo (historical polity)

In early Philippine history, the Tagalog settlement at Tondo (Baybayin) was a major trade hub located on the northern part of the Pasig River delta, on Luzon island.

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Tonkin (French protectorate)

Tonkin, or Bac Kỳ (北圻), was a French protectorate encompassing modern Northern Vietnam.

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Traditional Vietnamese wedding

The traditional Vietnamese wedding is one of the most important ceremonies in Vietnamese culture, which is influenced by Confucian and Buddhist ideologies.

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Transfer of merit

Transfer of merit (italic, italic or pattānumodanā) is a standard part of Buddhist spiritual discipline where the practitioner's religious merit, resulting from good deeds, is transferred to deceased relatives, to deities, or to all sentient beings.

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Treatise On the Response of the Tao

The Taishang Ganying Pian (太上感應篇), or Lao Tse's Treatise on the Response of the Tao, is a Taoist scripture from the 12th century that has been very influential in China.

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Triṃśikā-vijñaptimātratā

The Triṃśikā-vijñaptimātratā (Sanskrit) is a brief poetic treatise by the Indian Buddhist monk Vasubandhu.

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Trikaya

The Trikāya doctrine (Sanskrit, literally "three bodies") is a Mahayana Buddhist teaching on both the nature of reality and the nature of Buddhahood.

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Trincomalee

Trincomalee (திருகோணமலை Tirukōṇamalai; ත්‍රිකුණාමළය Trikuṇāmalaya) also known as Gokanna, is the administrative headquarters of the Trincomalee District and major resort port city of Eastern Province, Sri Lanka.

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Tripiṭaka

The Tripiṭaka (Sanskrit) or Tipiṭaka (Pali), is the traditional term for the Buddhist scriptures.

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Triple deity

A triple deity (sometimes referred to as threefold, tripled, triplicate, tripartite, triune or triadic, or as a trinity) is three deities that are worshipped as one.

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Triratna Buddhist Community

The Triratna Buddhist Community (formerly the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order (FWBO)) is an international fellowship of Buddhists, and others who aspire to its path of mindfulness, under the leadership of the Triratna Buddhist Order (formerly the Western Buddhist Order).

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Tung Lin Kok Yuen

Tung Lin Kok Yuen is a Buddhist nunnery and educational institution located at No.15 Shan Kwong Road in Happy Valley, Hong Kong.

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Turkic peoples

The Turkic peoples are a collection of ethno-linguistic groups of Central, Eastern, Northern and Western Asia as well as parts of Europe and North Africa.

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Tushita Meditation Centre

Tushita is a centre for the study and practice of Buddhism from the Tibetan Mahayana tradition in Himachal Pradesh in northern India.

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Twelve Nidānas

The Twelve Nidānas (Pali: dvādasanidānāni, Sanskrit: dvādaśanidānāni, from dvāvaśa ("twelve") + nidānāni (plural of "nidāna", "cause, motivation, link")) is a doctrine of Buddhism where each link is asserted as a primary causal relationship between the connected links.

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Two truths doctrine

The Buddhist doctrine of the two truths differentiates between two levels of satya (Sanskrit), meaning truth or "really existing" in the discourse of the Buddha: the "conventional" or "provisional" truth, and the "ultimate" truth.

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Tzu Chi

Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Republic of China, known for short as the Tzu Chi Foundation (t; literally "Compassionate Relief"), is a Taiwanese international humanitarian and non-governmental organization (NGO) with over 10 million members worldwide throughout 47 countries.

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Udumbara (Buddhism)

In Buddhism, (Pali, Sanskrit) refers to the tree, flower and fruit of the Ficus racemosa (syn. Ficus glomerata).

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Ugraparipṛcchā Sūtra

The Ugraparipṛcchā Sūtra (The inquiry of Ugra) is an early Indian sutra which is particularly important for understanding the beginnings of Mahayana Buddhism.

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Ukiah, California

Ukiah (formerly Ukiah City) is the county seat and largest city of Mendocino County, California.

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Unawatuna

Unawatuna is a coastal town in Galle district of Sri Lanka.

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Universal Compassion

Universal Compassion: Inspiring Solutions for Difficult Times, Tharpa Publications (4th. ed., 2002) is a commentary to Geshe Chekhawa's Training the Mind in Seven Points by Geshe Kelsang Gyatso, a Buddhist teacher and author in the West.

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Upali Thera

Upali Thera (อุบาลี) was a Thai Theravada monk and founder of the Siam Nikaya order of Buddhism in Sri Lanka.

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Upaya

Upaya (Sanskrit:, expedient means, pedagogy) is a term used in Mahayana Buddhism to refer to an aspect of guidance along the Buddhist Paths to liberation where a conscious, voluntary action is driven by an incomplete reasoning about its direction.

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Upādāna

Upādāna is a Vedic Sanskrit and Pali word that means "fuel, material cause, substrate that is the source and means for keeping an active process energized".

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Uposatha

The Uposatha (Upavasatha) is a Buddhist day of observance, in existence from the Buddha's time (500 BCE), and still being kept today in Buddhist countries.

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Ushnisha

The ushnisha (IAST) is a three-dimensional oval at the top of the head of the Buddha.

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Vairocana

Vairocana (also Vairochana or Mahāvairocana, वैरोचन) is a celestial buddha who is often interpreted, in texts like the Flower Garland Sutra, as the Dharma Body of the historical Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama).

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Vajra

Vajra is a Sanskrit word meaning both thunderbolt and diamond.

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Vajrapani

(Sanskrit: "Vajra in hand") is one of the earliest-appearing bodhisattvas in Mahayana Buddhism.

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Vajrasattva

Vajrasattva (Sanskrit: वज्रसत्त्व, Tibetan: རྡོ་རྗེ་སེམས་དཔའ། Dorje Sempa, short form is རྡོར་སེམས། Dorsem, Монгол: Доржсэмбэ) is a bodhisattva in the Mahayana, Mantrayana/Vajrayana Buddhist traditions.

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Vajrayana

Vajrayāna, Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism are the various Buddhist traditions of Tantra and "Secret Mantra", which developed in medieval India and spread to Tibet and East Asia.

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Vassa

Vassa (script, script, both "rain") is the three-month annual retreat observed by Theravada practitioners.

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Vasubandhu

Vasubandhu (Sanskrit) (fl. 4th to 5th century CE) was a very influential Buddhist monk and scholar from Gandhara.

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Vạn Hạnh Zen Temple

Vạn Hạnh Zen Temple is a Zen Buddhist temple in Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam.

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Văn Thánh Temple, Cao Lãnh

Văn Thánh Miếu is a Confucian temple located in Cao Lãnh, Vietnam, the capital city of the Đồng Tháp Province.

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Vũng Tàu

Vũng Tàu (Hanoi accent:, Saigon accent) is the largest city and former capital of Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu Province in Vietnam.

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Vedic and Sanskrit literature

Vedic and Sanskrit literature comprises the spoken or sung literature of the Vedas from the early-to-mid 2nd to mid 1st millennium BCE, and continues with the oral tradition of the Sanskrit epics of Iron Age India; the golden age of Classical Sanskrit literature dates to Late Antiquity (roughly the 3rd to 8th centuries CE).

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Vegetarianism

Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.

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Vegetarianism and religion

Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).

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Veneration

Veneration (Latin veneratio or dulia, Greek δουλεία, douleia), or veneration of saints, is the act of honoring a saint, a person who has been identified as having a high degree of sanctity or holiness.

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Vesak

Vesak (Pali: Vesākha, Vaiśākha), also known as Buddha Purnima and Buddha Day, is a holiday traditionally observed by Buddhists and some Hindus on different days in India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Tibet, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Mongolia and the Philippines and in China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam as "Buddha's Birthday" as well as in other parts of the world.

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Vessabhū Buddha

Vessabhū is the twenty fourth Buddha.

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Việt Điện U Linh Tập

Việt Điện U Linh Tập (粵甸幽靈集 or 越甸幽靈集) Collection of Stories on the Shady and Spiritual World of the Viet Realm) is a history of Vietnam written in Chinese (chữ nho) compiled by Lý Tế Xuyên during the 14th century Trần dynasty. The English "Viet Realm" (or "Yue Territory") derives from alternative Chinese characters designating Vietnam under the Chinese domination as Jiaozhi. Chinese sources tend to use the Chinese title Yuedian (粵甸, Yue as in Nanyue) whereas Vietnamese sources tend to use the title Việt Điện (越甸). The use differs in selection of different chữ Hán characters for Viet/Yue. The text gives not only a commentated history of historical figures, but also their roles as spirits in the afterlife according to the traditions developed in Vietnam's Mahayana Buddhism.

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Vibhavadi District

Vibhavadi (วิภาวดี) is a district (amphoe) in the west of Surat Thani Province, southern Thailand.

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Vicara

Vicara (Sanskrit(विचार) and Pali, also vicāra; Tibetan phonetic: chöpa) is a Sanskrit term that is translated as "discernment", "sustained thinking", etc.

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Vidya (Knowledge)

The Sanskrit word, Vidya, figures prominently in all texts pertaining to Indian philosophy - to mean science, learning, knowledge and scholarship; most importantly, it refers to valid knowledge which cannot be contradicted and true knowledge which is the knowledge of the Self intuitively gained.

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Vietnamese Americans

Vietnamese Americans (Người Mỹ gốc Việt) are Americans of Vietnamese descent.

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Vietnamese art

Vietnamese art is visual art that, whether ancient or modern, originated in or is practiced in Vietnam or by Vietnamese artists.

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Vietnamese Australians

Vietnamese Australians (Người Úc gốc Việt) are Australians of Vietnamese ancestry, or people who migrated to Australia from Vietnam.

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Vietnamese Cambodians

Vietnamese Cambodians refer to ethnic Vietnamese living in Cambodia.

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Vietnamese Canadians

Vietnamese Canadians (Người Canada gốc Việt), (Canadiens vietnamiens) are Canadian citizens who have ancestry from Vietnam.

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Vietnamese Family of Buddhists

The Vietnamese Buddhist Family (also known as "Vietnamese Buddhist Youth Association" Gia Đình Phật Tử Việt Nam (GĐPTVN)) is a lay Buddhist youth organisation that seeks to imbue its members with Buddhist ethics.

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Vietnamese people

The Vietnamese people or the Kinh people (người Việt or người Kinh), are an ethnic group originating from present-day northern Vietnam.

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Vietnamese people in Belgium

Vietnamese people in Belgium or Vietnamese Belgian refers to people of Vietnamese ancestry who were born in or immigrated to Belgium.

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Vietnamese people in Bulgaria

Vietnamese people (виетнамци, vietnamtsi) form the small immigrant community of Overseas Vietnamese in Bulgaria today, but their numbers were much higher in the 1980s.

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Vietnamese people in Cyprus

The Vietnamese people in Cyprus number more than 12,000 individuals.

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Vietnamese people in Finland

Vietnamese people in Finland form one of the country's largest groups of Southeast Asian people.

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Vietnamese people in France

The Vietnamese people in France (Vietnamese: Người Pháp gốc Việt, French: Diaspora vietnamienne en France) consists of people of Vietnamese ancestry who were born in or immigrated to France.

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Vietnamese people in Germany

Vietnamese people in Germany form the country's third largest group of resident foreigners from Asia, with Federal Statistical Office figures showing 83,446 Vietnamese nationals residing in Germany at the end of 2005.

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Vietnamese people in Russia

Vietnamese people in Russia form the 72nd-largest ethnic minority community in Russia according to the 2002 census.

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Vietnamese people in Taiwan

Vietnamese people in Taiwan form one of the island's larger communities of foreign residents.

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Vietnamese people in the Czech Republic

Vietnamese people in the Czech Republic, including residents and citizens, form the largest immigrant community in the country, as well as the third largest ethnic minority overall (after Slovaks and Ukrainians), numbering more than 83,000 people according to 2011 census.

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Vietnamese people in the Netherlands

Vietnamese people in the Netherlands form one of the smaller overseas Vietnamese communities of Europe.

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Vietnamese people in the United Kingdom

Vietnamese people in the United Kingdom include British citizens and non-citizen immigrants and expatriates of full or partial Vietnamese ancestry living in the United Kingdom.

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Vijnanakaya

Vijñānakāya (Skt विज्ञानकाय) or Vijñānakaya-śāstra (विज्ञानकायशास्त्र) is one of the seven Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma Buddhist scriptures.

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Vimalakirti

Vimalakīrti (विमल "stainless, undefiled" + कीर्ति "fame, glory, reputation") is the central figure in the, which presents him as the ideal Mahayana Buddhist upāsaka ("lay practitioner") and a contemporary of Gautama Buddha (6th to 5th century BCE).

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Vimalakirti Sutra

The Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa Sūtra (विमलकीर्तिनिर्देशसूत्र), (འཕགས་པ་དྲི་མ་མེད་པར་གྲགས་པས་བསྟན་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་མདོ།) or Vimalakīrti Sūtra is a Mahayana Buddhist sutra.

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Vipassanā

Vipassanā (Pāli) or vipaśyanā (विपश्यन) in the Buddhist tradition means insight into the true nature of reality.

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Vipassī Buddha

In Buddhist tradition, Vipassī (Pāli) is the twenty-second of twenty-eight Buddhas described in Chapter 27 of the Buddhavamsa.

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Virtue

Virtue (virtus, ἀρετή "arete") is moral excellence.

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Vitarka

In Buddhism, vitarka is the initial application of attention to a meditational object.

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Vyasatirtha

Vyasatirtha (c. 1460–c. 1539), also called Vyasaraja, Vyasaraya, Chandrikacharya and Tathacharya was Royal Priest of king of Vijayanagara Empire Krishnadevaraya, Vyasatirtha was at the forefront of a golden age in Dvaita which saw new developments in dialectical thought, flowering of the Haridasa literature under bards like his disciples Dhanicharya and Manicharya and an amplified spread of Dvaita across the subcontinent.

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Vyākaraṇa

Vyākaraṇa (Sanskrit: "explanation, analysis") refers to one of the six ancient Vedangas, ancillary science connected with the Vedas, which are scriptures in Hinduism.

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Vyuha

Vyūha (Sanskrit: व्यूह) means - 'to arrange troops in a battle array (formation)', 'to arrange, put or place in order, to dispose, separate, divide, alter, transpose, disarrange, resolve (vowels syllables etc.)'.

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Wabi-sabi

In traditional Japanese aesthetics, is a world view centered on the acceptance of transience and imperfection.

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Waithali

Waithali (ဝေသာလီမြို့,, Baishali) located in today's northern Rakhine State, Myanmar, was the capital of the Waithali Kingdom from 788 to 1018.

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Walpola Rahula

Walpola Rahula (1907–1997) was a Sri Lankan Buddhist monk, scholar and writer.

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Wat Dibayavari Vihara

Wat Dibayavari Vihara (วัดทิพยวารีวิหาร; 敕賜甘露禪寺; pinyin: Chì cì gānlù chán sì; lit: "Temple of Holy Water"), commonly known as Kham Low Yi (กัมโล่วยี่; 甘露寺; Gānlù sì) is a historic Chinese-Vietnamese temple in Bangkok, located at 119 Soi Thip Wari, Tri Phet Road, Wang Burapha Phirom Subdistrict, Phra Nakhon District, Bangkok in the area of Ban Mo, opposite to The Old Siam Plaza.

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Wat Intharawihan

Wat Intharawihan or Wat Intharavihan (วัดอินทรวิหาร) is a wat (temple) located in the Phra Nakhon District of Bangkok, Thailand.

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Wat Mangkon Kamalawat

Wat Mangkon Kamalawat (วัดมังกรกมลาวาส), previously (and still commonly) known as Wat Leng Noei Yi (วัดเล่งเน่ยยี่), is the largest and most important Chinese Buddhist temple in Bangkok, Thailand.

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Wat Phra Mahathat

Wat Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan (วัดพระมหาธาตุวรมหาวิหาร) is the main Buddhist temple (wat) of the Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in Southern Thailand.

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Wenzhou people

Wenzhou people or Wenzhounese people is a subgroup of Oujiang Wu Chinese speaking peoples, who live primarily in Wenzhou, Zhejiang province.

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Wheat gluten (food)

Wheat gluten is a food made from gluten, the main protein of wheat.

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White Horse Pagoda, Dunhuang

The White Horse Pagoda (Wade-Giles: Paima szu), in Dunhuang, Gansu, China, was built to commemorate Tianliu, the white horse of the Buddhist monk Kumārajīva, which carried Buddhist scriptures all the way from Kucha to Dunhuang in China c. 384 CE.

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White Horse Temple

White Horse Temple is, according to tradition, the first Buddhist temple in China, established in 68 AD under the patronage of Emperor Ming in the Eastern Han dynasty capital Luoyang.

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Women in Buddhism

Women in Buddhism is a topic that can be approached from varied perspectives including those of theology, history, anthropology and feminism.

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Won-gwang

Won Gwang (541~630?), also known as Won Gwang Beop Sa (圓光法士) meaning "Won Gwang Teacher of the Law", was the name of a renowned Buddhist monk, scholar, and teacher of the Silla kingdom during the reign of King Jinpyeong.

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Woncheuk

Woncheuk (613–696) was a Korean Buddhist monk who did most of his writing in China, though his legacy was transmitted by a disciple to Silla.

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Wooden fish

A wooden fish, also known as a Chinese temple block. is a wooden percussion instrument.

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World Buddhist Sangha Council

The World Buddhist Sangha Council (WBSC) is an international non-government organisation (NGO) whose objectives are to develop the exchanges of the Buddhist religious and monastic communities of the different traditions worldwide, and help to carry out activities for the transmission of Buddhism.

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World Buddhist Scout Brotherhood

The World Buddhist Scout Brotherhood (WBSB) is an autonomous, international body committed to promoting and supporting Buddhism within Scouting.

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Wu Chinese-speaking people

The Wu Chinese people, also known as Wuyue people, (Shanghainese) Jiang-Zhe people (江浙民系) or San Kiang (三江) are a major subgroup of the Han Chinese.

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Xiang Lin Si Temple

Xiang Lin Si Temple is a Buddhist temple located opposite of Cheng Hoon Teng in Jalan Tokong, Malacca City.

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Xuanzang

Xuanzang (fl. c. 602 – 664) was a Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator who travelled to India in the seventh century and described the interaction between Chinese Buddhism and Indian Buddhism during the early Tang dynasty.

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Xuecheng (monk)

Xuecheng (born 3 October 1966) is a Buddhist monk, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and a popular blogger.

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Yamato period

The is the period of Japanese history when the Japanese Imperial court ruled from modern-day Nara Prefecture, then known as Yamato Province.

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Yana (Buddhism)

Yāna (Sanskrit and Pāli: "vehicle") refers to a mode or method of spiritual practice in Buddhism, and in particular to divisions of various schools of Buddhism according to their type of practice.

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Yang Xuanzhi

Yang Xuanzhi was a Chinese writer and translator of Mahayana Buddhist texts into the Chinese language, during the 6th century, under the Northern Wei Dynasty.

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Yellow

Yellow is the color between orange and green on the spectrum of visible light.

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Yeshe-Ö

Yeshe-Ö (c. 959–1040) (birth name, Khor-re; spiritual names: Jangchub Yeshe-Ö, Byang Chub Ye shes' Od, Lha Bla Ma, Hla Lama Yeshe O, Lalama Yixiwo, bKra shis mgon; also Dharmaraja, meaning Noble King) was the first notable lama-king in Tibet.

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Yijing (monk)

Yijing (635–713 CE) was a Tang dynasty Chinese Buddhist monk originally named Zhang Wenming.

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Yin Shun

(Master) Yin Shun (印順導師, Yìnshùn Dǎoshī) (12 March 1906 – 4 June 2005) was a well-known Buddhist monk and scholar in the tradition of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism.

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Yiqiejing yinyi (Xuanying)

The (c. 649) Yiqiejing yinyi 一切經音義 "Pronunciation and Meaning in the Complete Buddhist Canon" is the oldest surviving Chinese dictionary of Buddhist technical terminology, and was the archetype for later Chinese bilingual dictionaries.

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Yoga

Yoga (Sanskrit, योगः) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.

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Yoga Vasistha

Yoga Vasistha (योग-वासिष्ठ, IAST) is a philosophical text attributed to Valmiki, but the real author is unknown.

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Yogacarabhumi-sastra

The Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra (Sanskrit) or Discourse on the Stages of Yogic Practice is the encyclopaedic and definitive text of the Yogacara school of Buddhism.

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Yogachara

Yogachara (IAST:; literally "yoga practice"; "one whose practice is yoga") is an influential school of Buddhist philosophy and psychology emphasizing phenomenology and ontology through the interior lens of meditative and yogic practices.

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Yuezhi

The Yuezhi or Rouzhi were an ancient people first reported in Chinese histories as nomadic pastoralists living in an arid grassland area in the western part of the modern Chinese province of Gansu, during the 1st millennium BC.

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Yuksom

Yuksom is a historical town in Geyzing subdivision of West Sikkim district in the Northeast Indian state of Sikkim.

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Yulanpen Sutra

The Yulanpen Sutra, also known as the Ullambana Sutra, is an apocryphal Mahayana sutra concerning filial piety.

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Zen

Zen (p; translit) is a school of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in China during the Tang dynasty as Chan Buddhism.

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Zen lineage charts

Zen lineage charts depict the transmission of the dharma from one generation to another.

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Zennyo Ryūō

is a rain-god dragon in Japanese mythology.

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Zhi Qian

Zhi Qian (fl. 222–252 CE) was a Chinese Buddhist layman of Yuezhi ancestry who translated a wide range of Indian Buddhist scriptures into Chinese.

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Zhi Yao (monk)

Zhi Yao was a Kushan Buddhist monk from modern-day Kabul, Afghanistan of Yuezhi ethnicity.

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Zhiyi

Zhiyi (Chigi) (538–597 CE) is traditionally listed as the fourth patriarch, but is generally considered the founder of the Tiantai tradition of Buddhism in China.

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Zhou Jichang

Zhou Jichang, Japanese: Shuu Kijou) (active late twelfth century) was a Chinese painter of the Song Dynasty (960 - 1279 AD). His artwork featured many central themes of Chinese Buddhism and Buddhist folklore. His contemporary and associate was Lin Tinggui (see article for more details), as they were both responsible for the completion of the artistic project known as the Five Hundred Luohan in 1178 AD. In the United States, his artwork is housed in the Smithsonian Freer Gallery of Art, Washington D.C., as well as the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Many of his other works of art are also located at the Daitoku-ji Temple in Kyoto, Japan. His most famous painting is Rock Bridge at Tiantai Mountain.

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Zu Lai Temple

The Zu Lai Temple (in Chinese, 如來寺, in Portuguese, "Templo Zu Lai") is a Buddhist temple in Cotia, Brazil.

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147 BC

Year 147 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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14th Dalai Lama

The 14th Dalai Lama (religious name: Tenzin Gyatso, shortened from Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso; born Lhamo Thondup, 6 July 1935) is the current Dalai Lama.

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150

Year 150 (CL) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1963 in the Vietnam War

The defeat of the South Vietnamese Army (ARVN) in a battle in January set off a furious debate in the United States on the progress being made in the war against the Viet Cong in South Vietnam.

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250

Year 250 (CCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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276

Year 276 (CCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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300

Year 300 (CCC) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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394

Year 394 (CCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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443

Year 443 (CDXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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468

Year 468 (CDLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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8

8 (eight) is the natural number following 7 and preceding 9.

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825

Year 825 (DCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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Acariyavada, Bodhisattvayana, Bodhisattvayāna, Great vehicle, Mahajana, Mahayana Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhist, Mahayanist, Mahâyâna, Mahāyāna, Mahāyāna Buddhism, Vaipulya, Ācariyavāda, महायान, 대승불교.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana