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Margrave

Index Margrave

Margrave was originally the medieval title for the military commander assigned to maintain the defense of one of the border provinces of the Holy Roman Empire or of a kingdom. [1]

617 relations: Abu Hanifa, Adalbert Atto of Canossa, Adalbert, Margrave of Austria, Adarmahan, Adelaide of Leuven, Adelaide of Vohburg, Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire, Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Albert Azzo I, Margrave of Milan, Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg, Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel, Albert, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg, Albrecht von Eyb, Aleran, Almanach de Gotha, Anatolian beyliks, Anna Maria von Eggenberg, née Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Anne Christine of Sulzbach, Princess of Piedmont, Ansbach University of Applied Sciences, Antipope Clement III, Aparviz of Sakastan, Arduino, Arlon, Arpalik, Artau I, Count of Pallars Sobirà, Artau II, Count of Pallars Sobirà, Atto of Vercelli, August Neidhardt von Gneisenau, Austrian Littoral, Austrian nobility, Austrian walled towns, Austrians, Avar March, Špilberk Castle, Žiče Charterhouse, Badenweiler, Bahram V, Baldric of Friuli, Balthasar, Landgrave of Thuringia, Barbara of Brandenburg (1464–1515), Barons Court tube station, Baroque fortifications in the Black Forest, Battle of Brissarthe, Battle of Fossalta, Battle of Legnano, Battle of the Fischa, Bautzen (district), Bärenbach, Rhein-Hunsrück, Bååt, Beinheim, ..., Berengar the Wise, Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, Bernard of Septimania, Bernhard Joachim Hagen, Bertha of Vohburg, Bertha, daughter of Lothair II, Berthold of Schweinfurt, Bertrand II of Provence, Beth Aramaye, Bianca Maria Visconti, Billung March, Birkenfeld, Bishopric of Dorpat, Bolesław I the Brave, Bolko II of Ziębice, Bolko II the Small, Boniface del Vasto, Bouzov Castle, Box and Cox (farce), Brabantine Gothic, Brandenburg, Brandenburg an der Havel, Brandenburg Concertos, Brandenburg–Pomeranian conflict, Bratislava Castle, Bruno II, Burchard I, Duke of Swabia, Burgau, Burkhard, Margrave of Austria, Bytów, Bzenec, Casimir III the Great, Casimir, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Catherine of Lorraine, Margravine of Baden-Baden, Cedynia, Charles Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Charles I of Austria, Charles II, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine, Charles III William, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden, Charles Philip of Brandenburg-Schwedt, Charles William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Charles William, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern, Charles, Margrave of Burgau, Cheb, Chorin Abbey, Christian Albert, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Christopher II, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern, Christopher of Baden-Durlach, Codex Manesse, Colditz Castle, Confederation of the Rhine, Count, Count of Flanders, Count of Paris, Count of Toulouse, Counts of Arles, Counts of Freiburg, County of Besalú, County of Cerdanya, County of Luxemburg, County of Pallars, County palatine, Court Jew, Crimmitschau, Croats, Crown of Baden, Cuirassier Regiment "Queen" (Pomeranian) No. 2, Danish March, De Akkermolen, Denzlingen, Dietrich of Haldensleben, Margrave of the Nordmark, Dirk IV, Count of Holland, Dobroniega, Dobroniega Ludgarda of Poland, Dohna Castle, Duchess Maria Anna Josepha of Bavaria, Duchy of Anhalt, Duchy of Jülich, Duchy of Luxemburg, Duchy of Münsterberg, Duchy of Modena and Reggio, Duchy of Pannonian Croatia, Duchy of Pomerania, Duchy of Saxony, Duchy of Spoleto, Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duke of Spoleto, Durlach, Dutch diaspora, Eagle (heraldry), East Prussian plebiscite, 1920, Eberhard II, Duke of Württemberg, Eberhard of Franconia, Eberndorf Abbey, Edward Fortunatus, Eggenberg family, Elbe-Elster Land, Electoral Palace, Mainz, Electorate of Baden, Elisabeth of Greater Poland, Duchess of Bohemia, Elisabeth of Moravia, Elizabeth Craven, Elizabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330), Emperor of Austria, Eppingen, Erengisle Suneson, Earl of Orkney, Eric Bielke, Ernest, Margrave of Austria, Ernestine duchies, Eupraxia of Kiev, Exploration of Io, Ezéchiel du Mas, Comte de Mélac, Family tree of the German monarchs, Famous Love Affairs, Farrukhzad, Fürst, Fürstenwalde, Fürstlich Sächsischer Hofbuchdruckerei zu Altenburg, Ferdinand I of Austria, Fief of Viborg, Finnish nobility, Flemish Heraldic Council, Fortún Galíndez, Fortifications of Antwerp, Franconian Circle, Frederick Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Frederick I of Prussia, Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine, Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg, Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg, Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg, Frederick IV of Baden, Frederick of Altmark, Frederick V, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Frederick VII, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Frederick William I of Prussia, Free imperial city, Freudenstein Castle, Friedrich Christian Bressand, Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix, Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz, Fulk Bertrand of Provence, Funny Cide, Further Austria, Gaggenau, Gandulf of Piacenza, Gau-Algesheim, Gausbert, Götz von Berlichingen, Günzburg, Günzburg (district), Geoffrey I of Provence, Geoffrey II of Provence, Georg Marcgrave, George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, George William, Elector of Brandenburg, George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Germaine of Foix, German Emperor, German heraldry, German nobility, German royal election, 1002, Germans in the American Revolution, Gero, Gero II, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark, Gertrude of Baden, Godfrey I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Gothelo I, Duke of Lorraine, Graf, Grafschaft, Grand Duchy of Baden, Grave (disambiguation), Groitzsch, Gundelfingen, Guy III of Spoleto, Guy, Margrave of Tuscany, Haldensleben, Heiligenstadt in Oberfranken, Hellicha of Wittelsbach, Helmet (heraldry), Hemma of Gurk, Henry del Vasto, Henry I, Margrave of Austria, Henry I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal, Henry II, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg, Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry, Margrave of the Franks, Hereditary title, Herman Fortunatus, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern, Herman II, Margrave of Baden, Herman IX, Margrave of Baden-Eberstein, Hermann Billung, Hesselberg, Hesso, Margrave of Baden-Baden, Hintertiefenbach, History of Austria, History of Baden-Württemberg, History of Berlin, History of chess, History of Franconia, History of Kosovo, History of Moravia, History of Poland during the Piast dynasty, History of Provence, History of Saxony-Anhalt, History of Speyer, History of the Czech lands in the High Middle Ages, Hochburg, Hochgeboren, Hochwohlgeboren, Hosena, House of Este, House of Lords (Austria), House of Mihran, House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld, House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, House of Wettin, House of Zähringen, Hugh the Abbot, HypoVereinsbank, Idar-Oberstein, Imperial Count, Imperial election, 1376, Imperial Estate, Imperial immediacy, Isaac de Forcade de Biaix, James III, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg, Jan Pňovský ze Sovince, Jean de Forcade de Biaix, Johann Fischer (composer), Johann Georg Lairitz, Johann Peter Hebel, Johann von Pallavicini, Johannes Eccard, John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, John I, Margrave of Brandenburg, John II of Baden, John of Bohemia, John Peel, John V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel, John, King of Denmark, John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Josel of Rosheim, Joseph Schubert (composer), Judith of Poland, June 11, Kaltenbronn (Gernsbach), Kamsarakan, Kandern, Kapellmeister, Karl Siegmund von Seckendorff, Karl, Truchsess von Waldburg, Karlsruhe Pyramid, Königstein, Saxony, Kösseine, Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102), Kingdom of Sicily, Kirman (Sasanian province), Klaus Henrikinpoika, Known Space, Konrad I, Duke of Głogów, Krumme Lanke, Kulmbach, Kunstmuseum Bayreuth, Lahngau, Landgrave, Lastau, Lauffen am Neckar, Lauterstein Castle (Marienberg), Löchgau, Lörrach, Lebkuchen, Leipzig, Leipzig Trade Fair, Leopold (given name), Leopold I, Margrave of Austria, Leopold, Duke of Bavaria, Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden, Lichtenau Fortress, List of Bavarian consorts, List of consorts of Montferrat, List of French marquisates, List of margraves of Meissen, List of monarchs by nickname, List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 15th century, List of noble families of Croatia, List of people from Braunschweig, List of place names in Poland of German origin, List of rulers of Baden, List of rulers of Lorraine, List of rulers of Montferrat, List of rulers of Saxony, List of rulers of Tuscany, List of states in the Holy Roman Empire, List of the burgraves of Meissen, List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown, Liudolf, Duke of Saxony, Ljubljana, Ljudevit, Lords and margraves of Bergen op Zoom, Lordship of Frisia, Lothair I, Margrave of the Nordmark, Lotharingia, Louis of Meissen, Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden, Louise Caroline of Hochberg, Lower Lusatia, Lubusz Voivodeship, Luckau, Ludwig Cauer, Luitpold, Margrave of Bavaria, Luitpoldings, Lutgard of Salzwedel, Mackenrodt, Magdalena Wilhelmine of Württemberg, Mahoe Suri, Manuel, Hereditary Prince of Portugal, March (territorial entity), March of Carniola, March of Ivrea, March of Montferrat, March of the Nordgau, March of Tuscany, March of Verona, Marcher Lord, Marches of Neustria, Margaret of Opava, Margaret of Savoy, Vicereine of Portugal, Margravate of Mantua, Margrave Andrew of Burgau, Margrave Charles Magnus of Baden-Durlach, Margrave Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg-Schwedt, Margraviate of Austria, Margraviate of Baden, Margraviate of Brandenburg, Margraviate of Landsberg, Margraviate of Moravia, Margravine Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Mariazell Basilica, Mark an der Drau, Mark an der Sann, Markgraf (disambiguation), Markgräflerland, Markward von Annweiler, Marquess, Marzban, Möckern, Mechthild of Sayn, Meine Liebe, Meinhard I, Count of Gorizia, Melk, Michael Bernhard Valentini, Mieszko I of Poland, Mieszko III the Old, Military of the Sasanian Empire, Milo of Verona, Miro the Elder, Monarch, Monarchy, Moravia, Musgrave family, Naumburg Cathedral and the High Medieval Cultural Landscape of the Rivers Saale and Unstrut, Neumark, Neustadt an der Aisch, Neustria, Nicolas, Duke of Mercœur, Northern March, Obertenghi, Oberto I, Oda of Haldensleben, Oda of Meissen, Odo I, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark, Odo the Good Marquis, Olecko, Onslow Burrish, Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg), Order of the Red Eagle, Ordre de la Concorde, Otto Graf Lambsdorff, Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto III, Duke of Swabia, Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor, Ottokar I of Styria, Ottokar II of Styria, Ottokar III of Styria, Ottokar IV, Duke of Styria, Ottoman Kosovo, Ottone Enrico del Caretto, Marquis of Savona, Penningby castle, Perchtoldsdorf, Pernštejn Castle, Petar Keglević, Pforzheim, Pfuel, Philip I (archbishop of Cologne), Philip II, Margrave of Baden-Baden, Philip III, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern, Philip of Hachberg-Sausenberg, Philipp Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg, Philipp III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg, Philippine Welser, Piatti, Pietro Torri, Pleissenburg, Polabian Slavs, Poland in the Early Middle Ages, Pomerania during the High Middle Ages, Poppo I, Margrave of Carniola, Poppo II, Margrave of Carniola, Poppo, Duke of Thuringia, Pottenstein Castle, Prandegg Castle, Prince, Princess Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach, Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant, Princess Victoria Charlotte of Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym, Principality, Principality of Ansbach, Principality of Bayreuth, Privilegium Minus, Protestation at Speyer, Province of Brandenburg, Rampon, Count of Barcelona, Rötteln Castle, Record of Grancrest War, Reginar I Longneck, Reginmar, Reichenbach Abbey (Bavaria), Richard, Duke of Burgundy, Rochlitz, Rochlitz Castle, Roman Catholic Diocese of Brescia, Rotbold I, Count of Provence, Rotselaar, Royal and noble ranks, Rudolf II, Margrave of Baden-Baden, Rudolph of France, Rzepin, Salland, Samuel Scheidt, Sasanian Armenia, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxon Eastern March, Sayn-Altenkirchen, Süpplingenburg, Schemmerhofen, Schmidthachenbach, Schneeberg (Fichtel Mountains), Schweinfurt, Seelitz, Seguin II of Gascony, Sept cavaliers, September 10, Sibylle of Baden, Siege of Paris (885–886), Siegfried, Count of Merseburg, Simon Doria, Simon I, Duke of Lorraine, Simon Sulzer, SMS Markgraf, Sophia of Saxe-Weissenfels, Countess of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Sophie of Landsberg, Sophie of Winzenburg, Sophie, Countess of Bar, Sorbian March, Sorbs, Sorbs (tribe), Sponheim family, St. Thomas School, Leipzig, State of the Teutonic Order, Stephan Bodecker, Stipshausen, Sunyer II, Count of Empúries, Swabia, Swabian Circle, Swedish nobility, Székelys, Taucha, Tedald of Canossa, Teltow (region), Teltow-Fläming, The Bird That Drinks Blood, The Long Ships, Theodor Ilgen, Theodoric I, Margrave of Meissen, Theodoric II, Margrave of Lower Lusatia, Theodoric IV, Landgrave of Lusatia, Thietmar of Merseburg, Thomas Grynaeus, Timar, Timeline of Antwerp, Timeline of Belgian history, Timeline of German history, Title, Treaty of Landin, Trumau, Uckermark, Ufgau, Ugartsthal, Ukrians, Ulric I, Margrave of Carniola, Ulrich V, Count of Württemberg, Upper Burgundy, Upper Lusatia, Upper Rhenish Circle, Upper Saxon Circle, Veh-Ardashir, Veneto, Viking expansion, Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia, Voivode, Vyborg, Vyborg Castle, Wachau, Wappenbüchlein, Władysław III Spindleshanks, Welser, Wemmel, Wends, Wigeric of Lotharingia, Wilhelm Biener, Wilhelmine of Prussia, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, William Christopher of Baden-Baden, William de Croÿ, William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, William I of Weimar, William I, German Emperor, William III, Count of Toulouse, William V, Duke of Jülich, William, Margrave of Baden-Baden, Witten-Stockum, Wolfgang of Regensburg, Wunsiedel, Wyrzysk, Zachlumia, Zarrin-Kafsh, Zähringen castle, Zwentibold, 1056, 1082, 1157, 1260s, 820, 850, 852, 861, 865, 869, 871, 875, 886, 909, 918, 929, 937, 951, 955, 959, 962, 985. 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Abu Hanifa

Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān b. Thābit b. Zūṭā b. Marzubān (أبو حنيفة نعمان بن ثابت بن زوطا بن مرزبان; c. 699 – 767 CE), known as Abū Ḥanīfa for short, or reverently as Imam Abū Ḥanīfa by Sunni Muslims, was an 8th-century Sunni Muslim theologian and jurist of Persian origin,Pakatchi, Ahmad and Umar, Suheyl, “Abū Ḥanīfa”, in: Encyclopaedia Islamica, Editors-in-Chief: Wilferd Madelung and, Farhad Daftary.

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Adalbert Atto of Canossa

Adalbert Atto (or Adalberto Azzo) (died 13 February 988) was the first Count of Canossa and founder of that noble house which eventually was to play a determinant role in the political settling of Italy and the Investiture Controversy in the eleventh and twelfth centuries.

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Adalbert, Margrave of Austria

Adalbert (Albrecht, c. 985 – 26 May 1055), known as Adalbert the Victorious (Albrecht der Siegreiche), was the Margrave of Austria from 1018 until his death in 1055.

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Adarmahan

Adarmahān (in Greek sources given as Ἀδααρμάνης, Adaarmanes; fl. late 6th century) was a Persian general active in the western frontier of the Sassanid Empire against the East Roman (Byzantine) forces, during the Byzantine–Sassanid War of 572–591.

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Adelaide of Leuven

Adelaide of Leuven (died) was the wife of Simon I, Duke of Lorraine (1076–1138), in what is now France.

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Adelaide of Vohburg

Adelaide of Vohburg (Adela or Adelheid; – 25 May after 1187) was Duchess of Swabia from 1147 and German queen from 1152 until 1153, as the first wife of the Hohenstaufen king Frederick Barbarossa, the later Holy Roman Emperor.

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Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire

The administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire were administrative divisions of the state organisation of the Ottoman Empire.

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Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach

Albert II (Albrecht; 28 March 15228 January 1557) was the Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (Brandenburg-Bayreuth) from 1527 to 1553.

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Albert Azzo I, Margrave of Milan

Albert Atto I (Alberto Azzo or Adalberto Azzo) (died 1029) was the son of Oberto II and Railend, widow of Sigfred, Count of Seprio.

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Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg

Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg (born: – died: 25 February 1220) was a member of the House of Ascania.

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Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel

Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel (– between 19 November and 4 December 1300) was a Margrave of Brandenburg.

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Albert, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg

Albert, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg (1456 at Hachberg Castle – 1488 in Damme) was a Margrave of Baden.

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Albrecht von Eyb

Albrecht von Eyb (August 24, 1420 – July 24, 1475) was one of the earliest German humanists.

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Aleran

Aleran was the Count of Barcelona from 848 to 852.

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Almanach de Gotha

The Almanach de Gotha (Gothaischer Hofkalender) was a directory of Europe's royalty and higher nobility, also including the major governmental, military and diplomatic corps, as well as statistical data by country.

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Anatolian beyliks

Anatolian beyliks (Anadolu beylikleri, Ottoman Turkish: Tavâif-i mülûk, Beylik), sometimes known as Turkmen beyliks, were small principalities (or petty kingdoms) in Anatolia governed by Beys, the first of which were founded at the end of the 11th century.

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Anna Maria von Eggenberg, née Brandenburg-Bayreuth

Anna Maria Princess of Eggenberg, née Brandenburg-Bayreuth (born 30 December 1609 in Bayreuth; died 8 May 1680 in Ödenburg) was a Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth and, by marriage Johann Anton I von Eggenberg, a Fürstin (princess) of Eggenberg.

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Anne Christine of Sulzbach, Princess of Piedmont

Anne Christine of Sulzbach, Princess of Piedmont (Anne Christine Louise; 5 February 1704 – 12 March 1723), also called Christine of the Palatinate, was a princess of the Bavarian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire and first wife of Charles Emmanuel of Savoy, Prince of Piedmont, heir to the throne of the kingdom of Sardinia.

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Ansbach University of Applied Sciences

The Ansbach University of Applied Sciences (Hochschule Ansbach) was founded in 1996 and counts approximately 1,800 students (2008).

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Antipope Clement III

Guibert or Wibert of Ravenna (1029 – 8 September 1100) was an Italian prelate, archbishop of Ravenna, who was elected pope in 1080 in opposition to Pope Gregory VII.

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Aparviz of Sakastan

Aparviz was an Iranian aristocrat, who served as the marzban (general of a frontier province, "margrave") of Sakastan in the 7th-century.

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Arduino

Arduino is an open source computer hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical and digital world.

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Arlon

Arlon (Arel,; Aarlen,; Arel; Årlon) is a Walloon municipality of Belgium located in and capital of the province of Luxembourg.

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Arpalik

Under the Ottoman Empire, an arpalik or arpaluk (Arpalık) was a large estate (i.e. sanjak) entrusted to some holder of senior position, or to some margrave, as a temporary arrangement before they were appointed to some appropriate position.

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Artau I, Count of Pallars Sobirà

Artau I (Artallus or Artaldus, Artallo or Artaldo) was the Count of Pallars Sobirà from 1049 until his death in or around 1081.

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Artau II, Count of Pallars Sobirà

Artau II (Artallus or Artaldus, Artallo or Artaldo), the Count of Pallars Sobirà from 1081 until his death c.1115, was active in the Reconquista and sometimes referred to himself as comes et marchio (count and margrave), because he governed a frontier district.

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Atto of Vercelli

Atto of Vercelli or Atto II (885-961) was a Lombard who became bishop of Vercelli in 924.

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August Neidhardt von Gneisenau

August Wilhelm Antonius Graf Neidhardt von Gneisenau (27 October 176023 August 1831) was a Prussian field marshal.

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Austrian Littoral

The Austrian Littoral (Österreichisches Küstenland, Litorale Austriaco, Avstrijsko primorje, Austrijsko primorje, Osztrák Partvidék) was a crown land (Kronland) of the Austrian Empire, established in 1849.

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Austrian nobility

The Austrian nobility (österreichischer Adel) is a status group that was officially abolished in 1919 after the fall of Austria-Hungary.

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Austrian walled towns

Walled towns in Austria started to appear in the 11th century.

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Austrians

Austrians (Österreicher) are a Germanic nation and ethnic group, native to modern Austria and South Tyrol that share a common Austrian culture, Austrian descent and Austrian history.

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Avar March

The Avar March (Avaria, Awarenmark) was a southeastern frontier district of the Carolingian Empire, established in the late 8th century by Charlemagne against the Eurasian Avars on the Danube River, in what is today Lower Austria.

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Špilberk Castle

Špilberk Castle (German: Spielberg) is a castle on the hilltop in Brno, Southern Moravia.

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Žiče Charterhouse

The Žiče Charterhouse (Domus in Valle Sancti Johannis) was a Carthusian monastery or Charterhouse in the narrow valley of Žičnica Creek, also known as Saint John the Baptist Valley (dolina svetega Janeza Krstnika) after the church dedicated to St. John the Baptist at the monastery near the village of Žiče (German: Seiz, formerly Seitz) and at settlement Špitalič pri Slovenskih Konjicah in the Municipality of Slovenske Konjice in northeastern Slovenia.

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Badenweiler

Badenweiler is a health resort and spa in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, historically in the Markgräflerland.

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Bahram V

Bahram V (𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭 Wahrām, New Persian: بهرام پنجم Bahrām), also known as Bahram Gor (بهرام گور, "onager ") was the fifteenth king (shah) of the Sasanian Empire, ruling from 420 to 438.

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Baldric of Friuli

Baldric or Balderic (Baldricus) was the Duke of Friuli (dux Foroiuliensis) from 819, when he replaced Cadolah according to Thegan of Trier in his Vita Hludowici imperatoris, until 828, when he was removed from office: the last Duke of Friuli.

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Balthasar, Landgrave of Thuringia

Landgrave Balthasar of Thuringia (21 December 1336 in Weißenfels – 18 May 1406 at the Wartburg in Eisenach) was Margrave of Meissen and Landgrave of Thuringia from the House of Wettin.

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Barbara of Brandenburg (1464–1515)

Barbara of Brandenburg (30 May 1464 – 4 September 1515), a member of the German House of Hohenzollern, was by birth Margravine of Brandenburg, and by her two marriages, Duchess of Głogów from 1472 to 1476, and Queen of Bohemia from 1476 to 1490/1500.

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Barons Court tube station

Barons Court is a London Underground station in West Kensington of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, Greater London.

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Baroque fortifications in the Black Forest

The Baroque fortifications in the Black Forest (Barocke Verteidigungsanlagen im Schwarzwald), also called Baroque Schanzen (Barockschanzen) or Black Forest lines (Schwarzwaldlinien), are historical, military earthworks, known as schanzen, that were built in the Black Forest in what is now Germany.

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Battle of Brissarthe

The Battle of Brissarthe was fought on 2 July 866), between the Franks and a joint Breton-Viking army near Brissarthe, Neustria. It was marked by the death of Robert the Strong, the Neustrian margrave, and Ranulf I, the duke of Aquitaine. In 866, Salomon, Duke of Brittany, allied with Hastein (Hasting), a Danish chieftain, for an expedition into Anjou, Maine, and Touraine. In the course of the campaign, Le Mans was sacked. Robert, commander of the afflicted regions, assembled a large army to expel them. He was joined by Ranulf of the region of Poitou and Gauzfrid and Hervé of Maine. The Frankish army succeeded in intercepting the Danes before they reached their boats on the Loire River. The Danes attempted to take refuge in a church, but the Franks besieged them. During the night, the Danes attempted to escape. During the ensuing battle, Robert was killed, Ranulf mortally wounded by an arrow, and Hervé injured. With the loss of their leaders, the Franks had to retreat. In 867, Charles the Bald entered negotiations with Salomon and recognised him as King of Brittany. He conceded the Cotentin and possibly the Avranchin to the Breton. Hastein continued to ravage the Loire Valley for many more years. He and his forces attacked Bourges in 867, Orléans in 868, and Angers in 872. Charles appealed for assistance to Salomon.

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Battle of Fossalta

The Battle of Fossalta was an episode of the War of the Guelphs and Ghibellines in Northern Italy.

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Battle of Legnano

The Battle of Legnano was fought on May 29, 1176, between the forces of the Holy Roman Empire, led by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, and the Lombard League.

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Battle of the Fischa

The Battle of the Fischa or Battle of the Leitha took place on 11 September 1146 near the Fischa River at the border of the Kingdom of Hungary and the March of Austria, which belonged to the overlordship of the Dukes of Bavaria and it was ruled by margraves of the Franconian Babenberg dynasty.

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Bautzen (district)

The district of Bautzen ('Landkreis Bautzen', 'Wokrjes Budyšin') is a district in the state of Saxony in Germany.

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Bärenbach, Rhein-Hunsrück

Bärenbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Bååt

Bååt was an important Swedish noble family, originally from Småland in south-eastern Sweden.

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Beinheim

Beinheim (Alsatian: Bänem) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in the Alsace region of northeastern France.

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Berengar the Wise

Berengar, called the Wise (Berenguer el Savi, Berengarius Sapiens), was the count (or duke) of Toulouse (814–835) and duke (or margrave) of Septimania (832–835).

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Bernard of Saxe-Weimar

Bernard of Saxe-Weimar (Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar; 16 August 160418 July 1639) was a German prince and general in the Thirty Years' War.

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Bernard of Septimania

Bernard (or Bernat) of Septimania (795–844), son of William of Gellone, was the Frankish Duke of Septimania and Count of Barcelona from 826 to 832 and again from 835 to his execution.

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Bernhard Joachim Hagen

Bernhard Joachim Hagen (April 1720 in or near Hamburg (?) – 9 December 1787 in Ansbach) was a German composer, lutenist and violinist.

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Bertha of Vohburg

Bertha of Vohburg was a mediaeval lady.

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Bertha, daughter of Lothair II

Bertha (863-8 – March 925 in Lucca) was countess of Arles by marriage to Theobald of Arles, and margravine of Tuccany by marriage to Adalbert II of Tuscany.

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Berthold of Schweinfurt

Berthold of Schweinfurt (died 15 January 980) was a German nobleman.

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Bertrand II of Provence

William VI Bertrand II (died 1093) was count of Provence following the death of his father Geoffrey I of Provence, though he is not mentioned until the next year (1063).

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Beth Aramaye

Beth Aramaye (meaning "land of the Arameans"), known in Arabic sources as Balad al-Nabat, was a region and administrative site in the Sasanian province of Asoristan in present-day Iraq between the Hamrin Mountains and Meshan.

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Bianca Maria Visconti

Bianca Maria Visconti (31 March 1425 – 28 October 1468) was Duchess of Milan from 1450 to 1468.

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Billung March

The Billung March (Billunger Mark) or March of the Billungs (Mark der Billunger) was a frontier region of the far northeastern Duchy of Saxony in the 10th century.

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Birkenfeld

Birkenfeld is a town and the district seat of the Birkenfeld district in southwest Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Bishopric of Dorpat

The Bishopric of Dorpat (Tartu piiskopkond; Bisdom Dorpat; Ecclesia Tarbatensis) was a medieval prince-bishopric, i;e; both a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church and a temporal principality ruled by the bishop of the diocese.

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Bolesław I the Brave

Bolesław I the Brave (Bolesław I Chrobry, Boleslav Chrabrý; 967 – 17 June 1025), less often known as Bolesław I the Great (Bolesław I Wielki), was Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025, and the first King of Poland in 1025.

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Bolko II of Ziębice

Bolko II of Ziębice (Bolko II Ziębicki) (1 February 1300 – 11 June 1341) was a Duke of Jawor-Lwówek-Świdnica-Ziębice in Poland from 1301 to 1312 (with his brothers as co-rulers), of Świdnica-Ziębice from 1312 to 1322 (with his brother as co-ruler), and sole Duke of Ziębice from 1322 until his death.

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Bolko II the Small

Bolko II the Small (Bolko II Mały (Świdnicki), Bolko II (Schweidnitz); c. 1312 – 28 July 1368), was the last independent Duke of the Piast dynasty in Silesia.

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Boniface del Vasto

Boniface del Vasto (c. 1055 – c. 1125) was the margrave of Savona and Western Liguria from 1084 to c.1130.

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Bouzov Castle

Bouzov Castle (Hrad Bouzov) is an early 14th-century fortress first mentioned in 1317.

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Box and Cox (farce)

Box and Cox is a one act farce by John Maddison Morton.

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Brabantine Gothic

Brabantine Gothic, occasionally called Brabantian Gothic, is a significant variant of Gothic architecture that is typical for the Low Countries.

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Brandenburg

Brandenburg (Brannenborg, Lower Sorbian: Bramborska, Braniborsko) is one of the sixteen federated states of Germany.

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Brandenburg an der Havel

Brandenburg an der Havel is a town in Brandenburg, Germany, which served as the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg until replaced by Berlin in 1417.

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Brandenburg Concertos

The Brandenburg Concertos by Johann Sebastian Bach (BWV 1046–1051, original title: Six Concerts à plusieurs instruments)Johann Sebastian Bach's Werke, vol.

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Brandenburg–Pomeranian conflict

Starting in the 12th century, the Margraviate, later Electorate, of Brandenburg was in conflict with the neighboring Duchy of Pomerania over frontier territories claimed by them both, and over the status of the Pomeranian duchy, which Brandenburg claimed as a fief, whereas Pomerania claimed Imperial immediacy.

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Bratislava Castle

Bratislava Castle (Bratislavský hrad,, Pressburger Schloss, Pozsonyi Vár) is the main castle of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia.

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Bruno II

Bruno II (1024–1057) was a Frisian count or margrave in the 11th century ruling Middle-Friesland.

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Burchard I, Duke of Swabia

Burchard I (– 5 or 23 November 911), a member of the Hunfriding dynasty, was a Duke of Alamannia from 909 until his death.

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Burgau

Burgau is a town in the district of Günzburg in Swabia, Bavaria.

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Burkhard, Margrave of Austria

Burkhard was the first margrave in the Bavarian marchia orientalis, the territory that was to become the March of Austria, after its recapture at the 955 Battle of Lechfeld.

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Bytów

Bytów (Bëtowò; Bütow is a town in the Gdańsk Pomerania region of northern Poland with 16,888 inhabitants (2004). Previously in Słupsk Voivodeship (1975–1998), it is the capital of Bytów County in Pomeranian Voivodeship (since 1999). The origins of Bytów can be traced back to the early Middle Ages when a fortified stronghold once stood near the town. Bytów was later mentioned, under the Latin name castrum nomine Bitom, by notable Gallus Anonymus in his Chronicles describing medieval Poland. In 1346 Bütow got German town law from the Teutonic Order. During the Thirteen Years' War (1454-1466), the town was the sight of heavy fighting and changed hands over time. Eventually, King Casimir IV Jagiellon granted the town to Eric II, Duke of Pomerania, as a perpetual fiefdom. After the Partitions of Poland, Bytów became part of German Prussia and remained in Germany until the end of World War II. At the final stages of the war, Bytów was the center of heavy artillery shelling initiated by the Red Army; as a result over 55% of buildings were destroyed. Throughout its whole history, Bytów was known to be a multicultural town inhabited by Kashubians, Poles, Germans and Jews. Since 2000 a bugle call is played during important events which taking place in the area. Bytów is a popular tourist destination in the region of Pomerania and is famous for its medieval Teutonic Castle built in the late 14th century.

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Bzenec

Bzenec (Bisenz) is a town in the southeast of Moravia, in the Czech Republic.

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Casimir III the Great

Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370.

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Casimir, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth

Casimir (or Kasimir) of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (27 December 1481 – 21 September 1527) was Margrave of Bayreuth or Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach from 1515 to 1527.

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Catherine of Lorraine, Margravine of Baden-Baden

Catherine of Lorraine (1407 – 1 March 1439) was Margravine of Baden-Baden by marriage to Margrave Jacob of Baden-Baden.

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Cedynia

Cedynia (Zehden) is a small town in Poland, the administrative seat of Gmina Cedynia in Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

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Charles Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach

Christian Frederick Charles Alexander (Christian Friedrich Karl Alexander; 24 February 1736 – 5 January 1806) was the last Margrave of the two Franconian principalities, Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Bayreuth, which he sold to the King of Prussia, a fellow member of the House of Hohenzollern.

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Charles I of Austria

Charles I or Karl I (Karl Franz Joseph Ludwig Hubert Georg Otto Maria; 17 August 18871 April 1922) was the last reigning monarch of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

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Charles II, Margrave of Baden-Durlach

Charles II, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (born July 24, 1529 in Pforzheim – died March 23, 1577 in Durlach), nicknamed Charles with the bag, governed the Margravate of Durlach from 1552 to 1577.

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Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine

Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine (Neuburg, 4 November 1661 – Mannheim, 31 December 1742) was a ruler from the house of Wittelsbach.

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Charles III William, Margrave of Baden-Durlach

Charles III William (Karl III.; Durlach, by Johann Wilhelm Braun, a historian and former employee of the Commission for Regional History, in Badische Neueste Nachrichten, 30 January 2011, p. 4 – 12 May 1738, Karlsruhe) was Margrave of Baden-Durlach between 1709 and 1738.

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Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden

Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden (February 14, 1755 – December 16, 1801) was heir apparent of the Margraviate of Baden.

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Charles Philip of Brandenburg-Schwedt

Margrave Charles Philip of Brandenburg-Schwedt (5 January 1673 in Sparnberg – 23 July 1695 in Casale Monferrato) was a Hohenzollern prince and a titular Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt.

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Charles William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach

Charles William Frederick (12 May 1712 – 3 August 1757), nicknamed der Wilde Markgraf (the Wild Margrave), was the margrave of the Principality of Ansbach from 1723 to his death.

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Charles William, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern

Margrave Charles William Eugene of Baden-Rodemachern (1627–1666), was Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern and canon in Cologne.

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Charles, Margrave of Burgau

Charles, Margrave of Burgau, also known as Charles of Austria, (22 November 1560 at Křivoklát Castle in Bohemia – 30 October 1618 in Überlingen), was the son of Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria and his first morganatic marriage to Philippine Welser.

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Cheb

Cheb (Eger) is a town in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic, with about 33,000 inhabitants.

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Chorin Abbey

Chorin Abbey (German - Kloster Chorin) is a former Cistercian abbey near the village of Chorin in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Christian Albert, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach

Christian Albert, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (18 September 1675 – 16 October 1692) was a German prince.

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Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth

Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (19 December 1671 – 4 September 1727) was Electress of Saxony from 1694 to 1727 (her death) and titular Queen of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1697 to 1727 by marriage to Augustus II the Strong.

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Christopher II, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern

Christoph II of Baden-Rodemachern (26 February 1537 – 2 August 1575, Rodemachern) was the first Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern.

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Christopher of Baden-Durlach

Christopher of Baden-Durlach (9 October 1684, Karlsburg Castle, Durlach – 2 May 1723, Karlsruhe) was Prince and (titular) Margrave of Baden-Durlach.

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Codex Manesse

The Codex Manesse, Manesse Codex, or Große Heidelberger Liederhandschrift is a Liederhandschrift (book of songs/poetry), the single most comprehensive source of Middle High German Minnesang poetry, written and illustrated between c. 1304 when the main part was completed, and c. 1340 with the addenda.

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Colditz Castle

Castle Colditz (or Schloss Colditz in German) is a Renaissance castle in the town of Colditz near Leipzig, Dresden and Chemnitz in the state of Saxony in Germany.

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Confederation of the Rhine

The Confederation of the Rhine (Rheinbund; French: officially États confédérés du Rhin, but in practice Confédération du Rhin) was a confederation of client states of the First French Empire.

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Count

Count (Male) or Countess (Female) is a title in European countries for a noble of varying status, but historically deemed to convey an approximate rank intermediate between the highest and lowest titles of nobility.

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Count of Flanders

The Count of Flanders was the ruler or sub-ruler of the county of Flanders, beginning in the 9th century.

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Count of Paris

Count of Paris was a title for the local magnate of the district around Paris in Carolingian times.

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Count of Toulouse

The Count of Toulouse was the ruler of Toulouse during the 8th to 13th centuries.

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Counts of Arles

This is a list of the counts of Arles.

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Counts of Freiburg

The Counts of Freiburg were the descendants of Count Egino of Urach, they ruled over the city of Freiburg, as well as the Breisgau region (in what is present-day Germany) between approximately 1245 and 1368 AD.

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County of Besalú

The County of Besalú (Comtat de Besalú,; Comitatus Bisuldunensis) was one of the landlocked medieval Catalan counties near the Mediterranean coastline.

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County of Cerdanya

The County of Cerdanya (Comtat de Cerdanya,; Comitatus Ceritaniae; Condado de Cerdaña, Comté de Cerdagne) was one of the Catalan counties formed in the last decades of the 8th century by the Franks in the Marca Hispanica.

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County of Luxemburg

The County of Luxemburg (Luxembourg, Lëtzebuerg) was a State of the Holy Roman Empire.

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County of Pallars

The County of Pallars or Pallás (Comtat de Pallars,; Comitatus Pallariensis) was a de facto independent petty state, nominally within the Carolingian Empire and then West Francia during the ninth and tenth centuries, perhaps one of the Catalan counties, originally part of the Marca Hispanica in the ninth century.

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County palatine

In England, a county palatine or palatinate was an area ruled by a hereditary nobleman enjoying special authority and autonomy from the rest of a kingdom or empire.

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Court Jew

In the early modern period, a court Jew, or court factor (Hofjude, Hoffaktor), was a Jewish banker who handled the finances of, or lent money to, European royalty and nobility.

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Crimmitschau

Crimmitschau is a town in the district of Zwickau in the Free State of Saxony.

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Croats

Croats (Hrvati) or Croatians are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group native to Croatia.

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Crown of Baden

Crown of Baden, also known as the Grand Ducal Crown of Baden (German: die Badische Krone or Großherzoglich badische Krone) is a crown formerly used by the Grand Duke of Baden and part of the Crown Jewels of Baden.

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Cuirassier Regiment "Queen" (Pomeranian) No. 2

Dragoner-Regiment Nr.5 Bayreuth Dragoner Dragoner-Regiment Nr.5 Königin Dragoner Kürassier-Regiment Königin Nr.

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Danish March

The terms Danish March and March of Schleswig (Dänische Mark or Mark Schleswig) are used to refer to a territory in modern-day Schleswig-Holstein north of the Eider and south of the Danevirke.

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De Akkermolen

De Akkermolen (The Field Mill) is a 17th-century windmill in Zundert, Netherlands.

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Denzlingen

Denzlingen is a municipality in the district of Emmendingen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Dietrich of Haldensleben, Margrave of the Nordmark

Dietrich (Theoderich, Theodoric) of Haldensleben (died 25 August 985) was a Saxon count in the Schwabengau, later also in the Nordthüringgau and the Derlingau, who was the first Margrave of the Northern March from 965 until the Great Slav Rising of 983.

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Dirk IV, Count of Holland

Dirk IV (ca. 1020/1030 – 13 January 1049) was Count of Holland from 1039 to 1049 (which was called Frisia at that time).

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Dobroniega

Dobroniega is a Slavic name which contains word "dobro" - good, goodness and "niega" - delight, and may refer to.

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Dobroniega Ludgarda of Poland

Dobroniega Ludgarda of Poland (b. before 1136, d. around 1160 or later) was a Polish princess, Margravine of Lusatia by marriage to Theodoric I, Margrave of Lusatia.

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Dohna Castle

Dohna Castle (Burg Dohna, Donin) on the road from German Saxony to Bohemia was the seat of the burgraves of Dohna.

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Duchess Maria Anna Josepha of Bavaria

Maria Anna Josepha of Bavaria (Maria Anna Josepha Augusta; 7 August 1734 – 7 May 1776) was a Duchess of Bavaria by birth and Margravine of Baden-Baden by marriage.

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Duchy of Anhalt

The Duchy of Anhalt (Herzogtum Anhalt) was a historical German duchy.

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Duchy of Jülich

The Duchy of Jülich (Herzogtum Jülich; Hertogdom Gulik; Duché de Juliers) comprised a state within the Holy Roman Empire from the 11th to the 18th centuries.

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Duchy of Luxemburg

The Duchy of Luxemburg (Luxembourg, Lëtzebuerg) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, the ancestral homeland of the noble House of Luxembourg.

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Duchy of Münsterberg

The Duchy of Münsterberg (Herzogtum Münsterberg) or Duchy of Ziębice (Księstwo Ziębickie, Minstrberské knížectví) was one of the Duchies of Silesia, with a capital in Münsterberg (Ziębice).

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Duchy of Modena and Reggio

The Duchy of Modena and Reggio (Ducato di Modena e Reggio, Ducatus Mutinae et Regii) was a small northwestern Italian state that existed from 1452 to 1859, with a break during the Napoleonic Wars (1796–1814) when Emperor Napoleon I reorganized the states and republics of renaissance-era Italy, then under the domination of his French Empire.

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Duchy of Pannonian Croatia

Duchy of Pannonian Croatia (Kneževina Panonska Hrvatska) was a medieval duchy from the 7th to the 10th century located in the Pannonian Plain approximately between the rivers Drava and Sava in today's Croatia, but at times also considerably to the south of the Sava.

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Duchy of Pomerania

The Duchy of Pomerania (Herzogtum Pommern, Księstwo Pomorskie, 12th century – 1637) was a duchy in Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, ruled by dukes of the House of Pomerania (Griffins).

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Duchy of Saxony

The Duchy of Saxony (Hartogdom Sassen, Herzogtum Sachsen) was originally the area settled by the Saxons in the late Early Middle Ages, when they were subdued by Charlemagne during the Saxon Wars from 772 and incorporated into the Carolingian Empire (Francia) by 804.

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Duchy of Spoleto

The Duchy of Spoleto (Italian: Ducato di Spoleto, Latin: Dŭcā́tus Spōlḗtĭī) was a Lombard territory founded about 570 in central Italy by the Lombard dux Faroald.

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Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg (12 January 1721, Wolfenbüttel – 3 July 1792, Vechelde), was a German-Prussian field marshal (1758–1766) known for his participation in the Seven Years' War.

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Duke of Spoleto

The Duke of Spoleto was the ruler of Spoleto and most of central Italy outside the Papal States during the Early and High Middle Ages (c. 500 – 1300).

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Durlach

Durlach is a borough of the German city of Karlsruhe with a population of roughly 30,000.

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Dutch diaspora

The Dutch diaspora consists of Dutch people and their descendants living outside the Netherlands.

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Eagle (heraldry)

The eagle is used in heraldry as a charge, as a supporter, and as a crest.

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East Prussian plebiscite, 1920

The East Prussia(n) plebiscite (Abstimmung in Ostpreußen), also known as the Allenstein and Marienwerder plebiscite or Warmia, Masuria and Powiśle plebiscite (Plebiscyt na Warmii, Mazurach i Powiślu), was a plebiscite for self-determination of the regions southern Warmia (Ermland), Masuria (Mazury, Masuren) and Powiśle, which had been in parts of the East Prussian Government Region of Allenstein and of West Prussian Government Region of Marienwerder, in accordance with Articles 94 to 97 of the Treaty of Versailles.

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Eberhard II, Duke of Württemberg

Eberhard VI/II (February 1, 1447 (?) in Waiblingen – February 17, 1504 at Lindenfels Castle) was a German nobleman.

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Eberhard of Franconia

Eberhard III (c. 885 – 2 October 939), a member of the Conradine dynasty, was Duke of Franconia, succeeding his elder brother, King Conrad I, in December 918.

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Eberndorf Abbey

The former Augustinian "choral" Abbey of Eberndorf is located in a small bilingual market town half an hour to the east of Klagenfurt in Carinthia (Austria).

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Edward Fortunatus

Edward Fortunatus (or in German Eduard Fortunat) of Baden (17 September 1565 – 8 June 1600) was Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern and Baden-Baden.

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Eggenberg family

Eggenberg was the name of an Austrian noble family from Styria, who achieved princely rank in the 17th century.

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Elbe-Elster Land

Elbe-Elster Land (Elbe-Elster-Land), also called the Elbe-Elster region (Elbe-Elster-Gebiet) is a region around the tripoint of the German states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt and Saxony.

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Electoral Palace, Mainz

The Electoral Palace in Mainz (Kurfürstliches Schloss zu Mainz) is the former city Residenz of the Archbishop of Mainz, who was also Prince-Elector of his electoral state within the Holy Roman Empire.

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Electorate of Baden

The Electorate of Baden was a State of the Holy Roman Empire from 1803 to 1806.

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Elisabeth of Greater Poland, Duchess of Bohemia

Elisabeth of Greater Poland (Elżbieta Mieszkówna; Eliška Polská) (1152 – 2 April 1209) was a Polish princess of the House of Piast and, by her two marriages, Duchess of Bohemia and Margravine of Lusatia.

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Elisabeth of Moravia

Elizabeth of Moravia (German: Elisabeth von Mähren, Czech: Alžběta Moravská, Upper Sorbian: Hilžbjeta Morawska, c. 1355 – 20 November 1400) was the second daughter and third issue of John Henry of Moravia, (grandson of Přemysl II, Otakar, King of Bohemia) and his second wife Margaret of Opava.

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Elizabeth Craven

Lady Elizabeth Craven (née Berkeley; 17 December 1750 – 13 January 1828), Princess Berkeley (though often styled "Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach"), previously Lady Craven, of Hamstead Marshall, was an author and playwright, perhaps best known for her travelogues.

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Elizabeth of Bohemia (1292–1330)

Elizabeth of Bohemia (Eliška Přemyslovna) (20 January 1292 – 28 September 1330) was a princess of the Bohemian Přemyslid dynasty who became queen consort of Bohemia as the first wife of King John the Blind (John of Luxembourg).

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Emperor of Austria

The Emperor of Austria (German: Kaiser von Österreich) was the ruler of the Austrian Empire and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

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Eppingen

is a town in the district of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

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Erengisle Suneson, Earl of Orkney

Erengisle Sunesson of Hultboda, jarl of Orkney (died 26 December 1392) was an important Swedish magnate in the 14th century.

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Eric Bielke

Eric Bielke (died 1511), also known as Eerikki Tuurenpoika and Eric Tureson, royal councillor of Sweden, knighted, feudal fiefholder or margrave of Vyborg Castle.

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Ernest, Margrave of Austria

Ernest (Ernst, 1027 – 10 June 1075), known as Ernest the Brave (Ernst der Tapfere), was the Margrave of Austria from 1055 to his death in 1075.

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Ernestine duchies

The Ernestine duchies, also known as the Saxon duchies (although the Albertine appanage duchies of Weissenfels, Merseburg and Zeitz were also "Saxon duchies" and adjacent to several Ernestine ones), were a changing number of small states that were largely located in the present-day German state of Thuringia and governed by dukes of the Ernestine line of the House of Wettin.

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Eupraxia of Kiev

Eupraxia of Kiev (c.1067/1070 – July 10, 1109 AD) (sometimes westernised as Praxedis; in Russian Евпраксия) was a Holy Roman Empress consort.

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Exploration of Io

The exploration of Io, Jupiter's third-largest moon, began with its discovery in 1610 and continues today with Earth-based observations and visits by spacecraft to the Jupiter system.

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Ezéchiel du Mas, Comte de Mélac

Ezéchiel du Mas, Comte de Mélac (about 1630, Sainte-Radegonde, Gironde – 10 May 1704) was a career soldier in the French army under King Louis XIV and war minister Louvois.

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Family tree of the German monarchs

The following image is a family tree of every king, monarch, confederation president and emperor of Germany, from Charlemagne in 800 over Louis the German in 843 through to Wilhelm II in 1918.

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Famous Love Affairs

Famous Love Affairs (Les Amours célèbres, Amori celebri) is a 1961 French-Italian anthology film starring Alain Delon, Brigitte Bardot and Jean Paul Belmondo.

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Farrukhzad

Farrukhzad (Farrūkhzādag; New Persian: فرخزاد), was an Iranian aristocrat from the House of Ispahbudhan and the founder of the Bavand dynasty, ruling from 651 to 665.

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Fürst

Fürst (female form Fürstin, plural Fürsten; from Old High German furisto, "the first", a translation of the Latin princeps) is a German word for a ruler and is also a princely title.

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Fürstenwalde

Fürstenwalde/Spree (Lower Sorbian: Pśibor pśi Sprjewje) is the most populous town in the Oder-Spree District of Brandenburg, Germany.

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Fürstlich Sächsischer Hofbuchdruckerei zu Altenburg

Fürstlich Sächsischer Hofbuchdruckerei of Altenburg, Germany, is used generically in this article to denote a succession of book printers (sometimes synonymous with "publishers") based in Altenburg, in the German state of Thuringia (formerly East Germany), that — under various capacities, names, and owners – have endured as one continuous printing operation, without interruption (save and except wars), for years — since 1594, the early modern German period.

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Ferdinand I of Austria

Ferdinand I (19 April 1793 – 29 June 1875) was the Emperor of Austria from 1835 until his abdication in 1848.

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Fief of Viborg

Fief of Viborg or Margraviate of Wiburg 1320–1534, was for some two centuries a late medieval feudal fief in the southeastern border of Finland and the entire Swedish realm, held by its chatelain, a fiefed, appointed feudal lord.

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Finnish nobility

The Finnish nobility (Fi. Aateli, Sw. Adel) was historically a privileged class in Finland, deriving from its period as part of Sweden and the Russian Empire.

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Flemish Heraldic Council

The Flemish Heraldic Council or Vlaamse Heraldische Raad advises the Flemish Government on all matters relating to heraldry.

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Fortún Galíndez

Fortún Galíndez (floruit 924–972) was a powerful nobleman in the Kingdom of Navarre in the tenth century.

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Fortifications of Antwerp

Antwerp was developed as a fortified city, but very little remains of the 10th century enceinte.

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Franconian Circle

The Franconian Circle (Fränkischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle established in 1500 in the centre of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Frederick Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth

Frederick Christian of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (17 July 1708 in Weferlingen – 20 January 1769 in Bayreuth), was a member of the House of Hohenzollern and Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth.

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Frederick I of Prussia

Frederick I (Friedrich I.) (11 July 1657 – 25 February 1713), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was (as Frederick III) Elector of Brandenburg (1688–1713) and Duke of Prussia in personal union (Brandenburg-Prussia).

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Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine

Frederick I (c. 912 – 18 May 978) was the count of Bar and duke of Upper Lorraine.

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Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg

Frederick (Middle High German: Friderich, Standard German: Friedrich; 21 September 1371 – 20 September 1440) was the last Burgrave of Nuremberg from 1397 to 1427 (as Frederick VI), Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach from 1398, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach from 1420, and Elector of Brandenburg (as Frederick I) from 1415 until his death.

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Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg

Friedrich Eugen, Duke of Württemberg (21 January 1732, Stuttgart – 23 December 1797, Hohenheim), the fourth son of Duke Karl Alexander, Duke of Württemberg and Princess Maria Augusta of Thurn and Taxis (11 August 1706 – 1 February 1756).

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Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg

Frederick II of Brandenburg (19 November 1413 – 10 February 1471), nicknamed "the Iron" (der Eiserne) and sometimes "Irontooth" (Eisenzahn), was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg from 1440 until his abdication in 1470, and was a member of the House of Hohenzollern.

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Frederick IV of Baden

Frederik of Baden (9 July 1455 – 24 September 1517 in Lier) was a bishop of Utrecht from 1496 to 1517.

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Frederick of Altmark

Frederick III of Brandenburg, nicknamed the Fat, also the Younger (born:; died: 6 October 1463 in Tangermünde) was Margrave of the Brandenburg and Lord of the Altmark.

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Frederick V, Margrave of Baden-Durlach

Frederick V, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (6 July 1594, Sulzburg, Hochschwarzwald – 8 September 1659, Durlach) was a German nobleman, who ruled as margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1622 to his death.

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Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach

Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (16 November 1617 – 10 or 31 January 1677Meyers Konversationslexikon 1888 says he died on 31 January) was the Margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1659 until his death.

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Frederick VII, Margrave of Baden-Durlach

Friedrich VII Magnus of Zähringen (23 September 1647 – 25 June 1709) was the Margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1677 until his death.

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Frederick William I of Prussia

Frederick William I (Friedrich Wilhelm I) (14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740), known as the "Soldier King" (Soldatenkönig), was the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death in 1740 as well as the father of Frederick the Great.

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Free imperial city

In the Holy Roman Empire, the collective term free and imperial cities (Freie und Reichsstädte), briefly worded free imperial city (Freie Reichsstadt, urbs imperialis libera), was used from the fifteenth century to denote a self-ruling city that had a certain amount of autonomy and was represented in the Imperial Diet.

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Freudenstein Castle

Freudenstein Castle (Schloss Freudenstein) is located on the Schloßplatz ("Castle Square") on the edge of the town centre of Freiberg in the German state of Saxony.

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Friedrich Christian Bressand

Friedrich Christian Bressand (c.1670 – 11 April 1699) was a Baroque German poet and opera librettist.

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Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock

Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (2 July 1724 – 14 March 1803) was a German poet.

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Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix

Friedrich Wilhelm Quirin von Forcade de Biaix,Lange, Page 91 Lehmann, Band 1, Page 34, Nr.

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Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz

Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Seydlitz (3 February 1721 – 8 November 1773) was a Prussian officer, lieutenant general, and among the greatest of the Prussian cavalry generals.

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Fulk Bertrand of Provence

Fulk Bertrand I (died 27 April 1051) was the joint Count of Provence with his elder brother William IV from 1018 and with his younger brother Geoffrey I from at least 1032 if not earlier.

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Funny Cide

Funny Cide (foaled April 20, 2000) is a Thoroughbred race horse who won the Kentucky Derby and the Preakness Stakes in 2003.

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Further Austria

Further Austria, Outer Austria or Anterior Austria (Vorderösterreich, formerly die Vorlande (pl.)) was the collective name for the early (and later) possessions of the House of Habsburg in the former Swabian stem duchy of south-western Germany, including territories in the Alsace region west of the Rhine and in Vorarlberg.

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Gaggenau

Gaggenau is a town in the district of Rastatt, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Gandulf of Piacenza

Gandulf or Gandolf (Gandolfo; 907–31) was a Frankish nobleman in the medieval kingdom of Italy.

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Gau-Algesheim

Gau-Algesheim is a town in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Gausbert

Gausbert (died 931) was the count of Empúries and Rosselló from 915 until he died.

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Götz von Berlichingen

Gottfried "Götz" von Berlichingen (1480 – 23 July 1562), also known as Götz of the Iron Hand, was a German (Franconian) Imperial Knight (Reichsritter), mercenary, and poet.

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Günzburg

Günzburg is a Große Kreisstadt and capital of the district of Günzburg in Swabia, Bavaria.

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Günzburg (district)

Günzburg is a ''Landkreis'' (district) in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany.

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Geoffrey I of Provence

Geoffrey I or Josfred (died February between 1061 and 1063) was the joint Count of Provence with his elder brothers William IV and Fulk from 1018 to his death.

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Geoffrey II of Provence

Geoffrey II (also Josfred or Josfredus; died 13 February 1067) was the first count of Forcalquier following the death of his father Fulk Bertrand in 1062.

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Georg Marcgrave

Georg Marcgrave (originally Georg Marggraf, also spelled "Marcgraf" "Markgraf") (1610 – 1644) was a German naturalist and astronomer, whose posthumously published Historia Naturalis Brasiliae was a major contribution to early modern science.

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George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach

George Frederick of Brandenburg-Ansbach (Georg Friedrich der Ältere; 5 April 1539 in Ansbach – 25 April 1603) was Margrave of Ansbach and Bayreuth, as well as Regent of Prussia.

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George William, Elector of Brandenburg

George William (Georg Wilhelm; 13 November 1595 – 1 December 1640), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was margrave and elector of Brandenburg and duke of Prussia from 1619 until his death.

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George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach

George of Brandenburg-Ansbach (Georg or Jürgen der Fromme) (4 March 1484 – 27 December 1543), known as George the Pious, was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach from the House of Hohenzollern.

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Germaine of Foix

Germaine of Foix (Germana de Foix; Germaine de Foix;1488 – 15 October 1536) was queen consort of Aragon as the second wife of Ferdinand II of Aragon, whom she married in 1505 after the death of his first wife, Isabella I of Castile.

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German Emperor

The German Emperor (Deutscher Kaiser) was the official title of the head of state and hereditary ruler of the German Empire.

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German heraldry

German heraldry is the tradition and style of heraldic achievements in Germany and the Holy Roman Empire, including national and civic arms, noble and burgher arms, ecclesiastical heraldry, heraldic displays and heraldic descriptions.

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German nobility

The German nobility (deutscher Adel) and royalty were status groups which until 1919 enjoyed certain privileges relative to other people under the laws and customs in the German-speaking area.

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German royal election, 1002

The German royal election of 1002 was the decision on the succession which was held after the death of Emperor Otto III without heirs.

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Germans in the American Revolution

Ethnic Germans served on both sides of the American Revolutionary War.

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Gero

Gero I (c. 900 – 20 May 965), called the Great (Latin magnus),Thompson, 486.

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Gero II, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark

Gero II (c. 975 – 1 September 1015 at Krosno Odrzańskie) was the eldest son of Thietmar, Margrave of Meissen, and Schwanehilde (Suanhild), daughter of Herman, Duke of Saxony.

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Gertrude of Baden

Gertrude of Baden (before 1160 – before 1225) was a Margravine of Baden by birth and by marriage a Countess of Dagsburg.

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Godfrey I, Duke of Lower Lorraine

Godfrey I (died 964) was the count of Hainault from 958 and margrave or vice-duke of Lower Lorraine from 959, when that duchy was divided by Duke Bruno, who remained duke until his death in 965.

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Gothelo I, Duke of Lorraine

Gothelo (or Gozelo) (– 19 April 1044), called the Great, was the duke of Lower Lorraine from 1023 and of Upper Lorraine from 1033.

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Graf

Graf (male) or Gräfin (female) is a historical title of the German nobility, usually translated as "count".

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Grafschaft

A Grafschaft was originally the name given to the administrative area in the Holy Roman Empire over which a count, or Graf, presided as judge.

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Grand Duchy of Baden

The Grand Duchy of Baden (Großherzogtum Baden) was a state in the southwest German Empire on the east bank of the Rhine.

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Grave (disambiguation)

A grave is a location where a dead body is buried.

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Groitzsch

Groitzsch is a town in the Leipzig district, in Saxony, Germany.

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Gundelfingen

Gundelfingen im Breisgau is a municipality directly north of the city Freiburg in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

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Guy III of Spoleto

Guy of Spoleto (died 12 December 894), sometimes known by the Italian version of his name, Guido, or by the German version, Wido, was the Margrave of Camerino from 880 (as Guy I or Guy II) and then Duke of Spoleto and Camerino (as Guy III) from 883.

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Guy, Margrave of Tuscany

Guy (also Guido or Wido; raised Leo; called the Philosopher) (died 3 February 929) was the son of Adalbert II of Tuscany with Bertha, daughter of Lothair II of Lotharingia.

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Haldensleben

Haldensleben is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

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Heiligenstadt in Oberfranken

Heiligenstadt in Oberfranken (officially: Heiligenstadt i. OFr.) is a community with market rights in the Upper Franconian district of Bamberg.

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Hellicha of Wittelsbach

Hellicha of Wittelsbach (Hellicha z Wittelsbachu, Heilika von Wittelsbach; - 13 August 1198), was Duchess consort of Bohemia from 1189 to 1198, married to Duke Conrad II.

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Helmet (heraldry)

In heraldic achievements, the helmet or helm is situated above the shield and bears the torse and crest.

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Hemma of Gurk

Hemma of Gurk (Hemma von Gurk; 27 June 1045),29 June according to also called Emma of Gurk (Ema Krška), was a noblewoman and founder of several churches and monasteries in the Duchy of Carinthia.

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Henry del Vasto

Henry del Vasto (Italia: Enrico del Vasto), died before 1141 was a son of Manfred del Vasto, margrave of Western Liguria, and brother of Adelaide, countess of Sicily (1089–1117) and Jerusalem (1112–1117).

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Henry I, Margrave of Austria

Henry I (Heinrich, died 23 June 1018), known as Henry the Strong (Heinrich der Starke), was the Margrave of Austria from 994 to his death in 1018.

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Henry I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal

Margrave Henry I (nicknamed Henry Lackland; 21 March 1256 – 14 February 1318) was a member of the House of Ascania and Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal and Landsberg.

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Henry II, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg

Henry II, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg (before 1231 &ndash) was the ruling Margrave of Baden-Hachberg from 1231 to 1289.

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Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor

Henry VI (Heinrich VI) (November 1165 – 28 September 1197), a member of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was King of Germany (King of the Romans) from 1190 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1191 until his death.

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Henry, Margrave of the Franks

Henry (died 28 August 886) was the leading military commander of the last years of the Carolingian Empire.

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Hereditary title

Hereditary titles, in a general sense, are titles of nobility, positions or styles that are hereditary and thus tend or are bound to remain in particular families.

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Herman Fortunatus, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern

Herman Fortunatus, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern (23 January 1595 in Rastatt – 4 January 1665 in Kastellaun) was Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern.

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Herman II, Margrave of Baden

Hermann II of Baden (c. 1060 – 7 October 1130) was the first to use the title Margrave of Baden, after the family seat at Castle Hohenbaden.

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Herman IX, Margrave of Baden-Eberstein

Herman IX, Margrave of Baden-Eberstein(died 13 April 1353) was a titular Margrave of Baden and a ruling Lord of Eberstein He was the son of Margrave Frederick II and his first wife Agnes of Weinsberg (d. 3 May 1320).

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Hermann Billung

Hermann Billung (900 or 912 – 27 March 973) was the Margrave of the Billung March from 936 until his death.

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Hesselberg

Hesselberg (689 m above sea level) is the highest point in Middle Franconia and the Franconian Jura and is situated 60 km south west of Nuremberg, Germany.

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Hesso, Margrave of Baden-Baden

Hesso, Margrave of Baden-Baden (1268 – 13 February 1297) was a son of Rudolf I and his wife, Kunigunde of Eberstein.

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Hintertiefenbach

Hintertiefenbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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History of Austria

The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states, from the early Stone Age to the present state.

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History of Baden-Württemberg

The history of Baden-Württemberg covers the area included in the historical state of Baden, the former Prussian Hohenzollern, and Württemberg, part of the region of Swabia since the 9th century.

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History of Berlin

The history of Berlin starts with its foundation in the 13th century.

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History of chess

The history of chess can be traced back nearly 1500 years, although the earliest origins are uncertain.

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History of Franconia

Franconia (Franken) is a region that is not precisely defined, but which lies in the north of the Free State of Bavaria, parts of Baden-Württemberg and South Thuringia and Hesse in Germany.

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History of Kosovo

The history of Kosovo is intertwined with the histories of its neighboring regions.

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History of Moravia

The history of Moravia, one of the Czech lands, is diverse and characterized by many periods of foreign governance.

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History of Poland during the Piast dynasty

The period of rule by the Piast dynasty between the 10th and 14th centuries is the first major stage of the history of the Polish nation.

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History of Provence

The historic French province of Provence, located in the southeast corner of France between the Alps, the Mediterranean, the Rhone River and the upper reaches of the Durance River, was inhabited by Ligures since Neolithic times; by the Celtic since about 900 BC, and by Greek colonists since about 600 BC.

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History of Saxony-Anhalt

The history of Saxony-Anhalt began with Old Saxony, which was conquered by Charlemagne in 804 and transformed into the Duchy of Saxony within the Carolingian Empire.

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History of Speyer

The history of Speyer begins with the establishment of a Roman camp in 10 BCE, making it one of Germany's oldest cities.

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History of the Czech lands in the High Middle Ages

The history of the Czech lands in the High Middle Ages encompasses the period from the rule of Vladislav II (c.1110–1174 AD) to that of Henry of Bohemia (c.1265–1335).

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Hochburg

The Hochburg ("high castle") is a castle ruin situated between the city of Emmendingen and the village of Sexau in the region of Baden, located in the southwest of Germany.

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Hochgeboren

Hochgeboren ("high-born"; illustrissimus)) is a form of address for the titled members of the German and Austrian nobility, ranking just below the sovereign and mediatised dynasties. The actual address is "Euer" Hochgeboren. It is the proper form of address for counts (Grafen) that are neither heirs to mediatised families of the Holy Roman Empire (counts of the Holy Roman Empire or Reichsgrafen) nor families who have been bequeathed higher predicate by the Emperor. By courtesy, barons (Freiherr) belonging to old houses of the Uradel are also addressed in the same way. The correct term for immediate counts (Reichsgrafen) is Erlaucht ("Illustrious Highness"), while the proper form of address for princes (Fürsten) and dukes (Herzöge) is Durchlaucht ("Serene Highness"). In The Netherlands Hooggeboren (High-born) is used to address Dukes, Margraves, Counts or Viscounts.

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Hochwohlgeboren

Hochwohlgeboren ("High Well-born"; magnificus) is a honorific and manner of address for members of the nobility in some parts of Europe.

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Hosena

Hosena (Sorbian:Hóznja) is a borough of the town of Senftenberg in Brandenburg, Germany.

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House of Este

The House of Este (Casa d'Este; originally House of Welf-Este) is a European princely dynasty.

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House of Lords (Austria)

The House of Lords (Herrenhaus, Panská sněmovna, Camera dei signori, Gosposka zbornica., Izba Panów) was the upper house of the Imperial Council, the bicameral legislature of the Austrian Empire from 1861 and of the Cisleithanian (Austrian) half of Austria-Hungary upon the Compromise of 1867.

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House of Mihran

The House of Mihrān or House of Mehrān was a leading Iranian noble family (šahrdārān), one of the Seven Great Houses of the Sassanid Persian Empire which claimed descent from the earlier Arsacid dynasty.

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House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld

Palatinate-Birkenfeld (German: Pfalz-Birkenfeld), later Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld, was the name of a collateral line of the Palatine Wittelsbachs.

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House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

The House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (German: Haus Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) is a German dynasty that ruled the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which was one of the Ernestine duchies.

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House of Wettin

The House of Wettin is a dynasty of German counts, dukes, prince-electors and kings that once ruled territories in the present-day German states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia.

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House of Zähringen

Zähringen is an old German noble family in Swabia, which founded a large number of cities in the area that is today Switzerland and the German state of Baden-Württemberg.

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Hugh the Abbot

Hugh the Abbot (died 12 May 886) was a member of the Welf family, a son of Conrad I of Auxerre and Adelaide.

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HypoVereinsbank

UniCredit Bank Aktiengesellschaft, better known under its brand name Hypovereinsbank (HVB), is the fifth-largest of the German financial institutions, ranked according to its total assets, and the fourth largest bank in Germany according to the number of its employees.

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Idar-Oberstein

Idar-Oberstein is a town in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Imperial Count

Imperial Count (Reichsgraf) was a title in the Holy Roman Empire.

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Imperial election, 1376

The imperial election of 1376 was an imperial election held to select the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Imperial Estate

An Imperial State or Imperial Estate (Status Imperii; Reichsstand, plural: Reichsstände) was a part of the Holy Roman Empire with representation and the right to vote in the Imperial Diet (Reichstag).

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Imperial immediacy

Imperial immediacy (Reichsfreiheit or Reichsunmittelbarkeit) was a privileged constitutional and political status rooted in German feudal law under which the Imperial estates of the Holy Roman Empire such as Imperial cities, prince-bishoprics and secular principalities, and individuals such as the Imperial knights, were declared free from the authority of any local lord and placed under the direct ("immediate", in the sense of "without an intermediary") authority of the Emperor, and later of the institutions of the Empire such as the Diet (Reichstag), the Imperial Chamber of Justice and the Aulic Council.

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Isaac de Forcade de Biaix

Isaac de Forcade de Biaix, aka Isaak de Forcade de Biaix, aka Isaac von Forcade de Biaix,Dufau de Maluquer, Tome 2, Page 474 aka Isaac von Forcade,Brüggermann (1784), Part 2, Band 1, p. 264, Nr.

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James III, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg

Margrave James III of Baden-Hachberg (26 May 1562 – 17 August 1590) was margrave of Baden-Hachberg from 1584 to 1590 and resided at Emmendingen.

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Jan Pňovský ze Sovince

Jan Pňovský ze Sovince was the son of Hynek Pňovský ze Sovince and Machna z Lomysnice.

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Jean de Forcade de Biaix

Jean de Forcade de Biaix,Picamilh, Tome 1, Page 421 aka Jean de Forcade, Marquis de Biaix,Priesdorff, Band 1, Page 114, Nr.

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Johann Fischer (composer)

Johann Fischer (1646–1716) was a German violinist, keyboardist and composer of the baroque era.

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Johann Georg Lairitz

Johann Georg Lairitz (July 15, 1647 – April 4, 1716) was a German theologian, was born July 15, 1641, at Hof, in Bavaria.

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Johann Peter Hebel

Johann Peter Hebel (10 May 1760 – 22 September 1826) was a German short story writer, dialectal poet, evangelical theologian and pedagogue, most famous for a collection of Alemannic lyric poems (Allemannische Gedichte) and one of German tales (Schatzkästlein des rheinischen Hausfreundes Treasure Chest of the Family Friend from the Rhine).

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Johann von Pallavicini

Johann Markgraf von Pallavicini (Pallavicini János őrgróf; 18 March 1848 – 4 May 1941), was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat, notably serving as ambassador at the Sublime Porte during World War I.

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Johannes Eccard

Johannes Eccard (1553–1611) was a German composer and kapellmeister.

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John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach

John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (18 October 1654 – 22 March 1686) succeeded his father Albert II as margrave of Ansbach in 1667.

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John I, Margrave of Brandenburg

John I, Margrave of Brandenburg (– 4 April 1266) was from 1220 until his death Margrave of Brandenburg, jointly with his brother Otto III "the Pious".

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John II of Baden

John II of Baden (1434 at Hohenbaden Castle in Baden-Baden – 9 February 1503 in Ehrenbreitstein) was a titilar Margrave of Baden and was Archbishop and Elector of Trier as John II of Baden from 1456 until his death in 1503.

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John of Bohemia

John the Blind (Jang de Blannen; Johann der Blinde von Luxemburg; Jan Lucemburský; 10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346) was the Count of Luxembourg from 1309 and King of Bohemia from 1310 and titular King of Poland.

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John Peel

John Robert Parker Ravenscroft, (30 August 1939 – 25 October 2004), known professionally as John Peel, was an English disc jockey, radio presenter, record producer and journalist.

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John V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel

Margrave John V of Brandenburg-Salzwedel, nicknamed "the Illustrious" (in Latin Illustris), (1302 – 24 March 1317) was Margrave and co-ruler of Brandenburg from 1308 until his death.

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John, King of Denmark

John (Danish, Norwegian and Hans; né Johannes) (2 February 1455 – 20 February 1513) was a Scandinavian monarch under the Kalmar Union.

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John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach

John, nicknamed the Alchemist (Johann der Alchimist; 1406 – 16 November 1464) was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and served as the peace-loving Margrave of Brandenburg after the abdication of his father, Frederick I, the first member of the House of Hohenzollern to rule Brandenburg.

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Josel of Rosheim

Josel of Rosheim (alternatively: Joselin, Joselmann, Yoselmann, Josel von Rosheim, יוסף בן גרשון מרוסהים Joseph ben Gershon mi-Rosheim, or Joseph ben Gershon Loanz; c. 1480 – March, 1554) was the great advocate ("shtadlan") of the German and Polish Jews during the reigns of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and Charles V. Maximilian I appointed him as governor of all Jews of Germany, a position which was confirmed after his death by his grandson, Charles V. His stature among the Jews, and the protected status he gained for himself and for the Jews within the Holy Roman Empire, rested in part on his skills as an advocate and in part from the Jewish role in financing the expenses of the emperor.

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Joseph Schubert (composer)

Joseph Schubert (20 December 1754 – 28 July 1837) was a German composer, violinist, and violist.

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Judith of Poland

Judith of Poland (Judyta Bolesławówna, Judit lengyel hercegnő, Judith von Polen; b. 1130/35 – died 8 July 1171/75), was a Polish princess member of the House of Piast and by marriage Margravine of Brandenburg.

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June 11

No description.

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Kaltenbronn (Gernsbach)

Kaltenbronn is a hamlet and old parish in the Black Forest in Germany that belongs to the parish of Reichental in the municipality of Gernsbach in Baden-Württemberg.

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Kamsarakan

Kamsarakan (Կամսարական) was an Armenian noble family that was an offshoot of the House of Karen, also known as the Karen-Pahlav.

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Kandern

Kandern is a town in southwestern Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg, in the Kreis (district) of Lörrach.

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Kapellmeister

Kapellmeister is a German word designating a person in charge of music-making.

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Karl Siegmund von Seckendorff

Karl Siegmund von Seckendorff (26 November 1744 - 26 April 1785) was a German military officer, poet, and composer.

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Karl, Truchsess von Waldburg

Karl, Truchsess von Waldburg (7 August 1548 – 18 June 1593), Baron and Steward of Waldburg in Trauchburg (1580), Imperial minister.

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Karlsruhe Pyramid

The Karlsruhe Pyramid is a pyramid made of red sandstone, located in the centre of the market square of Karlsruhe, Germany.

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Königstein, Saxony

Königstein is a town in the Free State of Saxony in Germany.

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Kösseine

The Kösseine is a massif in the High Fichtel mountains in Germany, lying in northeast Bavaria south of Wunsiedel.

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Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)

The Kingdom of Croatia (Regnum Croatiae; Kraljevina Hrvatska, Hrvatsko Kraljevstvo) was a medieval kingdom in Central Europe comprising most of what is today Croatia (without western Istria and some Dalmatian coastal cities), as well as most of the modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Kingdom of Sicily

The Kingdom of Sicily (Regnum Siciliae, Regno di Sicilia, Regnu di Sicilia, Regne de Sicília, Reino de Sicilia) was a state that existed in the south of the Italian peninsula and for a time Africa from its founding by Roger II in 1130 until 1816.

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Kirman (Sasanian province)

Kirman (Middle Persian: Kirmān) was a Sasanian province in Late Antiquity, which almost corresponded to the present-day province of Kerman.

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Klaus Henrikinpoika

Klaus Henrikinpoika, lord of Joensuu and Kankainen (c. 1445 – 1520) was in his time one of the most influential magnates in Finland (then a part of Sweden).

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Known Space

Known Space is the fictional setting of about a dozen science fiction novels and several collections of short stories written by Larry Niven.

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Konrad I, Duke of Głogów

Konrad I of Głogów (Konrad I głogowski; – 6 August 1273/74), a member of the Silesian Piasts, was Silesian duke of Głogów from 1251 until his death.

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Krumme Lanke

is a lake in the south west of Berlin, in the Steglitz-Zehlendorf borough of the city and on the edge of the Grunewald forest.

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Kulmbach

Kulmbach is the capital of the district of Kulmbach in Bavaria in Germany.

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Kunstmuseum Bayreuth

The Kunstmuseum Bayreuth is a museum for modern art, opened in 1999 in Bayreuth, Bavaria, Germany.

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Lahngau

The Lahngau was a medieval territory comprising the middle and lower Lahn River valley in the current German states of Hesse and (partially) Rhineland-Palatinate.

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Landgrave

Landgrave (landgraaf, Landgraf; lantgreve, landgrave; comes magnus, comes patriae, comes provinciae, comes terrae, comes principalis, lantgravius) was a noble title used in the Holy Roman Empire, and later on in its former territories.

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Lastau

Lastau is a village in Landkreis Leipzig, Saxony with approx.

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Lauffen am Neckar

(Lauffen) is a town in the district of Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Lauterstein Castle (Marienberg)

Lauterstein Castle, in German Burg Lauterstein, also called Burgruine Niederlauterstein, is a medieval castle in Niederlauterstein, town of Marienberg, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony.

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Löchgau

Löchgau is a town in the district of Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Lörrach

Lörrach is a city in southwest Germany, in the valley of the Wiese, close to the French and the Swiss borders.

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Lebkuchen

Lebkuchen, or Pfefferkuchen, is a traditional German baked Christmas treat, somewhat resembling gingerbread.

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Leipzig

Leipzig is the most populous city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany.

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Leipzig Trade Fair

The Leipzig Trade Fair (Leipziger Messe) is a major trade fair, which traces its roots back for nearly a millennium.

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Leopold (given name)

Leopold is an originally Germanic name composed of two stems, common to Germanic names.

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Leopold I, Margrave of Austria

Leopold I (also Luitpold; – 10 July 994), known as the Illustrious (der Erlauchte), a member of the House of Babenberg, was Margrave of Austria from 976 until his death.

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Leopold, Duke of Bavaria

Leopold (Luitpold, c. 1108 – 18 October 1141), known as Leopold the Generous (Luitpold der Freigiebige), was Margrave of Austria as Leopold IV from 1136, and Duke of Bavaria as Leopold I from 1139 until his death in 1141.

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Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden

Leopold (29 August 1790 – 24 April 1852) succeeded in 1830 as the Grand Duke of Baden, reigning until his death in 1852.

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Lichtenau Fortress

Lichtenau Fortress (Festung Lichtenau) is a former fortification built by the Nuremberg castellans in the market town of Lichtenau in Middle Franconia.

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List of Bavarian consorts

There have been three kinds of Bavarian consorts in history, Duchesses, Electresses and Queens.

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List of consorts of Montferrat

The Marchioness and Duchesses of Montferrat were the consorts of the rulers of a territory in Piedmont south of the Po and east of Turin called Montferrat.

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List of French marquisates

The following page contains an incomplete list (A-Z) of marquisates (French marquisat) that currently, or once did, exist within France or within its conquered provinces.

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List of margraves of Meissen

This article lists the margraves of Meissen, a march and territorial state on the eastern border of the Holy Roman Empire.

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List of monarchs by nickname

This is a list of monarchs (and other royalty and nobility) sorted by nickname.

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List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 15th century

This is a List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 15th century.

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List of noble families of Croatia

List of noble families of Croatia includes the old original ethnic Croatian noble families; families whose titles were granted by the kings of medieval Kingdom of Croatia and their successors; foreign noble families which were granted Croatian citizenship; and Croatian families which were granted their titles by foreign states.

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List of people from Braunschweig

This is a list of notable people born in, or associated with, the city of Braunschweig (English: Brunswick) in Germany.

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List of place names in Poland of German origin

The following is a list of place names in Poland of German origin, sorted by Polish voivodeship.

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List of rulers of Baden

Baden was a state of the Holy Roman Empire and later one of the German states along the frontier with France, primarily consisting of territory along the right bank of the Rhine, opposite Alsace and the Palatinate.

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List of rulers of Lorraine

The rulers of Lorraine have held different posts under different governments over different regions.

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List of rulers of Montferrat

The Marquises and Dukes of Montferrat were the rulers of a territory in Piedmont south of the Po and east of Turin called Montferrat.

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List of rulers of Saxony

This article lists dukes, electors, and kings ruling over different territories named Saxony from the beginning of the Saxon Duchy in the 9th century to the end of the Saxon Kingdom in 1918.

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List of rulers of Tuscany

The rulers of Tuscany have varied over time, sometimes being margraves, the rulers of handfuls of border counties and sometimes the heads of the most important family of the region.

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List of states in the Holy Roman Empire

This list of states which were part of the Holy Roman Empire includes any territory ruled by an authority that had been granted imperial immediacy, as well as many other feudal entities such as lordship, sous-fiefs and allodial fiefs.

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List of the burgraves of Meissen

This is a list of the burgraves of Meissen.

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List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown

The current Spanish constitution refers to the monarchy as "the Crown of Spain" and the constitutional title of the monarch is simply rey/reina de España:Constitution, article 56(2) that is, "king/queen of Spain".

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Liudolf, Duke of Saxony

Liudolf (– 11/12 March 866) was a Carolingian office bearer and count in the Duchy of Saxony from about 844.

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Ljubljana

Ljubljana (locally also; also known by other, historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia.

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Ljudevit

Ljudevit or Liudewit (Liudewitus, often also Ljudevit Posavski), was the Duke of Lower Pannonia from 810 to 823.

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Lords and margraves of Bergen op Zoom

The following is a list of lords and later on margraves of Bergen op Zoom.

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Lordship of Frisia

The Lordship of Frisia or Lordship of Friesland (Hearlikheid Fryslân, Heerlijkheid Friesland) was a feudal dominion in the Netherlands.

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Lothair I, Margrave of the Nordmark

Lothair I (Lothar, Liuthar) (ca. 940 – 25 January 1003) was Margrave of the Nordmark (Northern March) from about 983 until his death.

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Lotharingia

Lotharingia (Latin: Lotharii regnum) was a medieval successor kingdom of the Carolingian Empire, comprising the present-day Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany), Rhineland-Palatinate (Germany), Saarland (Germany), and Lorraine (France).

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Louis of Meissen

Louis of Meissen (25 February 1341 at the Wartburg – 17 February 1382 in Calbe) was a German nobleman from the House of Wettin.

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Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden

Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden (8 April 1655 – 4 January 1707) was the ruling Margrave of Baden-Baden in Germany and chief commander of the Imperial army.

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Louise Caroline of Hochberg

Louise Caroline von Hochberg, born Geyer von Geyersberg, from 1787 Baroness von Hochberg, from 1796 Countess of Hochberg (26 May 1768 in Karlsruhe – 23 June 1820, Karlsruhe) was the morganatic second wife of the Margrave and later Grand Duke Charles Frederick of Baden.

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Lower Lusatia

Lower Lusatia is a historical region in Central Europe, stretching from the southeast of the German state of Brandenburg to the southwest of Lubusz Voivodeship in Poland.

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Lubusz Voivodeship

Lubusz Voivodeship, or Lubusz Province (in Polish, województwo lubuskie), is a voivodeship (province) in western Poland.

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Luckau

Luckau (Lower Sorbian: Łuków) is a city in the district of Dahme-Spreewald in the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany.

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Ludwig Cauer

Ludwig Cauer (28 May 1866, Bad Kreuznach - 27 December 1947, Bad Kreuznach) was a German sculptor.

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Luitpold, Margrave of Bavaria

Luitpold (or Liutpold) (modern Leopold) (died 4 July 907), perhaps of the Huosi family or related to the Carolingian dynasty by Liutswind, mother of Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia, was the ancestor of the Luitpolding dynasty which ruled Bavaria and Carinthia until the mid-tenth century.

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Luitpoldings

The Luitpoldings were a medieval dynasty which ruled the German stem duchy of Bavaria from some time in the late ninth century off and on until 985.

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Lutgard of Salzwedel

Lutgard of Salzwedel or Liutgard/Luitgard of Stade, (b., murdered 1152) was a Danish Queen consort, spouse of King Eric III of Denmark.

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Mackenrodt

Mackenrodt is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Magdalena Wilhelmine of Württemberg

Magdalena Wilhelmine of Württemberg (7 November 1677, Stuttgart – 30 October 1742, Karlsburg Castle, Durlach) was a margravine of Baden.

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Mahoe Suri

Māhōē Sūrī, known in Islamic sources as Māhūy Sūrī, was an Iranian aristocrat, who served as the marzbān (general of a frontier province, "margrave") of Merv during the reign of the last Sasanian king Yazdegerd III (r. 632–651).

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Manuel, Hereditary Prince of Portugal

Manuel of Portugal (c. 1568–22 June 1638) was the illegitimate son of António, Prior of Crato, pretender to the Portuguese throne during the 1580 Portuguese succession crisis.

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March (territorial entity)

A march or mark was, in broad terms, a medieval European term for any kind of borderland, as opposed to a notional "heartland".

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March of Carniola

The March (or Margraviate) of Carniola (Kranjska krajina; Mark Krain) was a southeastern state of the Holy Roman Empire in the High Middle Ages, the predecessor of the Duchy of Carniola.

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March of Ivrea

The March of Ivrea was a large frontier county in the northwest of the medieval Italian kingdom from the late 9th to the early 11th century.

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March of Montferrat

The March (also margraviate or marquisate) of Montferrat was a frontier march of the Kingdom of Italy during the Middle Ages and a state of the Holy Roman Empire.

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March of the Nordgau

The March of the Nordgau (Markgrafschaft Nordgau) or Bavarian Nordgau (Bayerischer Nordgau) was a medieval administrative unit (Gau) on the frontier of the German Duchy of Bavaria.

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March of Tuscany

The March of Tuscany (Marca di Tuscia) was a frontier march of the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages.

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March of Verona

The March of Verona and Aquileia was a vast march (frontier district) of the Holy Roman Empire in northeastern Italy during the Middle Ages, centered on the cities of Verona and Aquileia.

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Marcher Lord

A Marcher Lord was a noble appointed by the King of England to guard the border (known as the Welsh Marches) between England and Wales.

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Marches of Neustria

The Marches of Neustria were two marches created in 861 by the Carolingian king of West Francia Charles the Bald that were ruled by officials appointed by the crown, known as wardens, prefects or margraves (or "marquis" in French).

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Margaret of Opava

Margaret of Opava (Czech: Markéta Opavská, Silesian: Margaret s Uopawje, German: Margaret von Troppau, Polish: Małgorzata opawska; 1330–1363) was the youngest daughter of Nicholas II of Opava, (grandson of Přemysl II, Otakar, King of Bohemia) and his third wife Anna of Racibórz.

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Margaret of Savoy, Vicereine of Portugal

Margaret of Savoy (28 April 1589 – 26 June 1655) was the last Habsburg Vicereine of Portugal from 1634 to 1640.

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Margravate of Mantua

The Margravate of Mantua was a Margravate in Lombardy, Northern Italy, subject to the Holy Roman Empire.

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Margrave Andrew of Burgau

Andreas von Österreich, Margrave of Burgau, also known as Andrew of Austria (15 June 1558 at Březnice Castle in Březnice, Bohemia – 12 November 1600 in Rome) was a cardinal, Bishop of Constance and of Brixen.

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Margrave Charles Magnus of Baden-Durlach

Margrave (Princes) Charles Magnus of Baden-Durlach (27 March 1621 at Karlsburg Castle in Durlach – 29 November 1658, ibid.) was a titular Margrave of Baden.

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Margrave Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg-Schwedt

Christian Ludwig (24 May 1677 – 3 September 1734), a member of the House of Hohenzollern, was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt and a military officer of the Prussian Army.

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Margraviate of Austria

The Margraviate of Austria was a southeastern frontier march of the Holy Roman Empire created in 976 out of the territory on the border with the Principality of Hungary.

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Margraviate of Baden

The Margraviate of Baden (Markgrafschaft Baden) was a historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Margraviate of Brandenburg

The Margraviate of Brandenburg (Markgrafschaft Brandenburg) was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806 that played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe.

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Margraviate of Landsberg

The Margraviate of Landsberg (Mark Landsberg) was a march of the Holy Roman Empire that existed from the 13th to the 14th century under the rule of the Wettin dynasty.

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Margraviate of Moravia

The Margraviate of Moravia (Markrabství moravské; Markgrafschaft Mähren) or March of Moravia was a marcher state existing from 1182 to 1918 and one of the lands of the Bohemian Crown.

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Margravine Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth

Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (27 October 1612 – 20 March 1687) was Electress of Saxony from 1656 to 1680 as the wife of John George II.

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Mariazell Basilica

Mariazell Basilica, also known as Basilica Mariä Geburt (Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary), is a Marian basilica in Mariazell, Austria.

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Mark an der Drau

The Mark an der Drau (German for "March on the (river) Drava") was a historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire and its predecessors during the Middle Ages.

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Mark an der Sann

The Mark an der Sann (German for "March on the Savinja"; other designations and variations of the name include Sannmark, Sann-Grafschaft (or Markgrafschaft), (Mark)grafschaft Soune, Soun and Saunien, as well as simply Sanntal – Savinja valley) was a border march of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Markgraf (disambiguation)

Markgraf is a German title.

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Markgräflerland

Markgräflerland is a region in the southwest of Germany, in the south of the German federal state (Bundesland) of Baden-Württemberg, located between the Breisgau in the north and the Black Forest in the east; adjacent to west with France and in the south with Switzerland.

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Markward von Annweiler

Markward von Annweiler (died 1202) was Imperial Seneschal and Regent of the Kingdom of Sicily.

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Marquess

A marquess (marquis) is a nobleman of hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies.

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Marzban

Marzbān, or Marzpān (Middle Persian transliteration: mrzwpn, derived from marz "border, boundary" and the suffix -pān "guardian"; Modern Persian: مرزبان Marzbān) were a class of margraves, warden of the marches, and by extension military commanders, in charge of border provinces of the Parthian Empire (247 BC–224 AD) and mostly Sasanian Empire (224–651 AD) of Iran.

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Möckern

Möckern is a town in the Jerichower Land district, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

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Mechthild of Sayn

Countess Mechthild of Sayn (c. 1203 – c. 1291), also called Mechthild of Landsberg, Mechtild, Mechtildis or Mathilde, was the wife of Henry III of Sayn.

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Meine Liebe

is a series of dating sims by Konami for the Game Boy Advance and PlayStation 2.

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Meinhard I, Count of Gorizia

Meinhard I (– 1142), an ancestor of the noble House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner dynasty), was ruling count of Gorizia from 1122 until his death.

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Melk

Melk (older spelling: Mölk) is a city of Austria, in the federal state of Lower Austria, next to the Wachau valley along the Danube.

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Michael Bernhard Valentini

Michael Bernhard Valentini (26 November 1657 – 18 March 1729) was a German doctor and a collector.

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Mieszko I of Poland

Mieszko I (– 25 May 992) was the ruler of the Polans from about 960 until his death.

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Mieszko III the Old

Mieszko III the Old (Mieszko III Stary) (c. 1126/27 – 13 March 1202), of the royal Piast dynasty, was Duke of Greater Poland from 1138 and High Duke of Poland, with interruptions, from 1173 until his death.

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Military of the Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian army was the primary military body of the Sasanian armed forces, serving alongside the Sasanian navy.

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Milo of Verona

Milo (Milone) was the Count (later Margrave) of Verona from 931 until 955.

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Miro the Elder

Miro, called the Old or the Elder (in Catalan, Miró el Vell) was the count of Conflent from 870 and Rosselló (Roussillon) from 878 until his death in 896.

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Monarch

A monarch is a sovereign head of state in a monarchy.

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Monarchy

A monarchy is a form of government in which a group, generally a family representing a dynasty (aristocracy), embodies the country's national identity and its head, the monarch, exercises the role of sovereignty.

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Moravia

Moravia (Morava;; Morawy; Moravia) is a historical country in the Czech Republic (forming its eastern part) and one of the historical Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.

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Musgrave family

The Musgrave family was a prominent Anglo-Scottish Border family with many descendants in the United States of America, Australia and the United Kingdom a so-called Riding or Reiver clan of Cumberland and Westmorland.

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Naumburg Cathedral and the High Medieval Cultural Landscape of the Rivers Saale and Unstrut

The Naumburg Cathedral and the High Medieval Cultural Landscape of the Rivers Saale and Unstrut is situated at the heart of the Federal Republic of Germany in the State of Saxony-Anhalt.

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Neumark

The Neumark, also known as the New March (Nowa Marchia) or as East Brandenburg, was a region of the Margraviate of Brandenburg and its successors located east of the Oder River in territory which became part of Poland in 1945.

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Neustadt an der Aisch

Neustadt an der Aisch (officially: Neustadt a.d.Aisch) is a small town of around 12,000 in the northern part of Bavaria (Germany), within the Franconian administrative region Middle Franconia.

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Neustria

Neustria, or Neustrasia, (meaning "western land") was the western part of the Kingdom of the Franks.

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Nicolas, Duke of Mercœur

Nicolas of Lorraine, Duke of Mercœur (16 October 1524 – 23 January 1577) was the second son of Antoine, Duke of Lorraine and Renée de Bourbon.

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Northern March

The Northern March or North March (Nordmark) was created out of the division of the vast Marca Geronis in 965.

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Obertenghi

The Obertenghi were a family of Italian nobility descended from Count Obert I of Luni, the first margrave of Milan and Eastern Liguria, a march called the marca Januensis, marca Obertenga or march of Genoa.

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Oberto I

Oberto I Obizzo (also Otbert) (died 15 October 975) was an Italian count palatine and margrave and the oldest known member of the Obertenghi family.

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Oda of Haldensleben

Oda of Haldensleben (c. 955/60 – 1023) was a German noblewoman and by marriage Duchess of the Polans.

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Oda of Meissen

Oda of Meissen (Oda Miśnieńska, Oda von Meißen; b. ca. 996 – d. aft. 1025), was a German noblewoman member of the Ekkehardiner dynasty and by marriage firstly Duchess and later the first Queen of Poland.

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Odo I, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark

Odo (or Hodo) I (also Huodo or Huoto) (c. 930 – 13 March 993) was margrave in the Saxon Eastern March of the Holy Roman Empire from 965 until his death.

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Odo the Good Marquis

Odo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (fl. 11th century) was an Italo-Norman nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy.

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Olecko

Olecko (former since 1560, colloquially also, since 1928, Alėcka) is a city in Masuria, in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship of Poland, near Ełk and Suwałki.

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Onslow Burrish

Onslow Burrish (died 1758) was a British envoy in the Low Countries and Germany.

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Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)

The Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Chivalric Order of Saint John of the Hospital at Jerusalem (Balley Brandenburg des Ritterlichen Ordens Sankt Johannis vom Spital zu Jerusalem), commonly known as the Order of Saint John or the Johanniter Order (German: Johanniterorden), is the German Protestant branch of the Knights Hospitaller, the oldest surviving chivalric order, which generally is considered to have been founded in Jerusalem in the year 1099 AD.

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Order of the Red Eagle

The Order of the Red Eagle (Roter Adlerorden) was an order of chivalry of the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Ordre de la Concorde

The Ordre de la Concorde, French for "Order of Concord", was instituted in 1660 by Christiaan von Brandenburg-Bayreuth Markgraf of Bayreuth.

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Otto Graf Lambsdorff

Otto Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von der Wenge Graf Lambsdorff, known as Otto Graf Lambsdorff, (20 December 1926 – 5 December 2009) was a German politician of the Free Democratic Party.

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Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor

Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (Otto der Große, Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973.

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Otto III, Duke of Swabia

Otto III (died 28 September 1057), called the White and known as Otto of Schweinfurt, was the margrave of the Nordgau (1024–1031) and duke of Swabia (1048–1057).

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Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor

Otto III (June/July 980 – 23 January 1002) was Holy Roman Emperor from 996 until his early death in 1002.

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Ottokar I of Styria

Ottokar I, also Otakar (died 29 March 1075) was count in the Bavarian Chiemgau and Margrave of Styria from 1056 until his death.

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Ottokar II of Styria

Ottokar II (died 28 November 1122) was Margrave of Styria.

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Ottokar III of Styria

Ottokar III (1124 – December 31, 1164) was Margrave of Styria from 1129 until 1164.

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Ottokar IV, Duke of Styria

Ottokar IV (19 August 1163 – 8 May 1192), a member of the Otakar dynasty, was Margrave of Styria from 1164 and Duke from 1180, when Styria, previously a margraviate subordinated to the stem duchy of Bavaria, was raised to the status of an independent duchy.

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Ottoman Kosovo

Kosovo was part of the Ottoman Empire from 1455 to 1912, at first as part of the eyalet of Rumelia, and from 1864 as a separate Kosovo Vilayet.

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Ottone Enrico del Caretto, Marquis of Savona

Othon Henri del Caretto or Del Carretto, Marquis of Grana (1629 – Mariemont, Hainaut 15 June 1685) was an Imperial Army commander and political figure.

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Penningby castle

Penningby Castle (Penningby slott) is a medieval-period private castle located the Länna parish of Norrtälje Municipality in Uppland, 70 kilometres north of Stockholm, Sweden.

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Perchtoldsdorf

Perchtoldsdorf (colloquially Petersdorf) is a market town in the Mödling District, in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.

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Pernštejn Castle

Pernštejn Castle (hrad Pernštejn, from Bernstein, originally from Bärenstein) is a castle on a rock above the village of Nedvědice and the rivers Svratka and Nedvědička, some northwest of Brno, in the South Moravian Region, Czech Republic.

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Petar Keglević

Petar Keglević of Bužim (died in 1554 or 1555) was the ban of Croatia and Slavonia from 1537 to 1542.

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Pforzheim

Pforzheim is a city of nearly 120,000 inhabitants in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg, in the southwest of Germany.

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Pfuel

The German ancient noble family of Pfuel (also Pfuhl or Phull) arrived in Brandenburg in the year 926 and later widened their influence to Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Mecklenburg, Pomerania, Württemberg, Westphalia, Eastern Europe and Sweden.

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Philip I (archbishop of Cologne)

Philip I (c. 1130 – 13 August 1191) was the Archbishop of Cologne and Archchancellor of Italy from 1167 to 1191.

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Philip II, Margrave of Baden-Baden

Margrave Philip II of Baden (born 19 February 1559 in Baden-Baden – died 7 June 1588 in Baden-Baden) was from 1571 to 1588 Margrave of the Margraviate of Baden-Baden.

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Philip III, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern

Philip III, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern (15 August 1567 in Rodemachern – 6 November 1620 at Hochburg Castle in Emmendingen) was Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern from 1588 until his death.

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Philip of Hachberg-Sausenberg

Margrave Philip of Hachberg-Sausenberg (1454 – 9 September 1503) was the son of the Margrave Rudolf IV of Hachberg-Sausenberg and Margaret of Vienne.

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Philipp Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg

Philipp Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg (George Philipp Albrecht Carl Maria Joseph Ludwig Hubertus Stanislaus Leopold Herzog von Württemberg, 14 November 1893 in Stuttgart – 17 April 1975 in Ravensburg) was the son of Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg, and Archduchess Margarete Sophie of Austria.

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Philipp III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg

Philipp III of Hanau-Lichtenberg (18 October 1482 – 15 May 1538, Bouxwiller (Buchsweiler)) was the third Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg.

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Philippine Welser

Philippine Welser (1527 – 24 April 1580) was the morganatic wife of Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria.

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Piatti

Piatti may refer to.

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Pietro Torri

Pietro Torri (ca. 1650 in Peschiera del Garda – 6 July 1737) was an Italian Baroque composer.

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Pleissenburg

The Pleissenburg (German: Pleißenburg) was a historical building in the city of Leipzig in Saxony which is in modern-day Germany.

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Polabian Slavs

Polabian Slavs (Połobske Słowjany, Słowianie połabscy, Polabští Slované) is a collective term applied to a number of Lechitic (West Slavic) tribes who lived along the Elbe river in what is today Eastern Germany.

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Poland in the Early Middle Ages

The most important phenomenon that took place within the lands of Poland in the Early Middle Ages, as well as other parts of Central Europe was the arrival and permanent settlement of the West Slavs.

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Pomerania during the High Middle Ages

Pomerania during the High Middle Ages covers the history of Pomerania in the 12th and 13th centuries.

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Poppo I, Margrave of Carniola

Poppo I (also Boppo; died 13 July, before 1044), Count of Weimar-Orlamünde, was margrave of Istria from 1012 and of Carniola from 1040 to his death.

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Poppo II, Margrave of Carniola

Poppo II (died 1098), Count of Weimar-Orlamünde, was margrave of Carniola from 1070 and of Istria from 1096 to his death.

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Poppo, Duke of Thuringia

Poppo II or Boppo II (died after 906) was the Duke of Thuringia from 880 until his deposition in 892.

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Pottenstein Castle

Pottenstein Castle (Burg Pottenstein) is one of the oldest castles in Franconian Switzerland, a region in the German state of Bavaria.

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Prandegg Castle

Prandegg Castle is a ruined hill castle in Austria, near the village of Schönau im Mühlkreis in the Freistadt District (which lies in the Mühlviertel area of Upper Austria).

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Prince

A prince is a male ruler or member of a monarch's or former monarch's family ranked below a king and above a duke.

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Princess Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck

Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, known also as Dorothea von Holstein-Beck and Dorothea von Ziedewitz, (24 November 1685 – 25 December 1761), was a German princess of the House of Oldenburg and by marriage Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach.

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Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach

Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe Louise of Saxe-Eisenach (13 April 1662 – 9 September 1696), was a German princess member of the House of Wettin and through her two marriages was Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach (from 1681 to 1686) and Electress of Saxony (from 1692 to 1694).

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Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant

Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant (Elisabeth Theresia Maria Helena; Élisabeth Thérèse Marie Hélène; born 25 October 2001), is the heir apparent to the Belgian throne.

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Princess Victoria Charlotte of Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym

Victoria Charlotte of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (25 September 1715 – 4 February 1772) was a princess of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym by birth and Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth by marriage.

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Principality

A principality (or princedom) can either be a monarchical feudatory or a sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of prince or by a monarch with another title within the generic use of the term prince.

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Principality of Ansbach

The Principality or Margraviate of (Brandenburg-)Ansbach (Fürstentum Ansbach or Markgrafschaft Brandenburg-Ansbach) was a free imperial principality in the Holy Roman Empire centered on the Bavarian city of Ansbach.

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Principality of Bayreuth

The Principality of Bayreuth (Fürstentum Bayreuth) or Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (Markgraftum Brandenburg-Bayreuth) was an immediate territory of the Holy Roman Empire, ruled by a Franconian branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty.

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Privilegium Minus

The Privilegium Minus is the denotation of a deed issued by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa on 17 September 1156.

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Protestation at Speyer

On April 19, 1529, six princes and representatives of 14 Imperial Free Cities petitioned the Imperial Diet at Speyer against an imperial ban against Martin Luther, as well as the proscription of his works and teachings, and called for the unhindered spread of the evangelical faith.

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Province of Brandenburg

The Province of Brandenburg (Provinz Brandenburg) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1815 to 1945, from 1871 within the German Reich.

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Rampon, Count of Barcelona

Rampon (Rampó) was the second count of the Catalan counties of Barcelona and Osona from 820 until his death in 825.

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Rötteln Castle

Rötteln Castle (Burg Rötteln), located above the Lörrach suburb of Haagen, lies in the extreme southwest corner of the German state of Baden-Württemberg just 10 kilometres (6 miles) north-east of the Swiss City of Basel.

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Record of Grancrest War

is a Japanese light novel series and tabletop role-playing game written by Ryo Mizuno and illustrated by Miyū.

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Reginar I Longneck

Reginar I Longneck (850 – 915), Rainerus or Ragenerus Longicollus, was a leading nobleman in the kingdom of Lotharingia, variously described in contemporary sources with the titles of count, margrave, missus dominicus and duke.

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Reginmar

Reginmar (30 September 1138) was bishop in the diocese of Passau from 1121 to 1138.

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Reichenbach Abbey (Bavaria)

Reichenbach Abbey is a monastery of the Brothers Hospitallers, formerly a Benedictine monastery, in Reichenbach am Regen in Bavaria, Germany.

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Richard, Duke of Burgundy

Richard, Duke of Burgundy (858–921), also known as Richard of Autun or Richard the Justiciar, was Count of Autun from 880 and the first Margrave and Duke of Burgundy.

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Rochlitz

Rochlitz (Rochlica) is a major district town (Große Kreisstadt) in the district of Mittelsachsen, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany.

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Rochlitz Castle

Rochlitz Castle or Rochlitz Palace (Schloss Rochlitz) lies in the west of the town of Rochlitz in the county of Mittelsachsen in the Free State of Saxony.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Brescia

The Roman Diocese Catholic of Brescia (Dioecesis Brixiensis) is a Latin rite suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Milan, in Lombardy (Northwestern Italy).

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Rotbold I, Count of Provence

Rotbold I (also spelled Rothbold, Rotbald, Rodbald, Robald(us), Roubaud, or Rotbaud; died 1008) was a French nobleman.

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Rotselaar

Rotselaar is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Flemish-Brabant, near the convergence of the Demer and the Dijle.

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Royal and noble ranks

Traditional rank amongst European royalty, peers, and nobility is rooted in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

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Rudolf II, Margrave of Baden-Baden

Rudolf II, Margrave of Baden-Baden (died 14 February 1295) was the second son of Margrave Rudolf I and his wife Kunigunde of Eberstein.

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Rudolph of France

Rudolph or Rudolf (Rodulfus, Rodolphe; c. 890 – 14/15 January 936) was the elected King of France from 923 until his death in 936.

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Rzepin

Rzepin (Reppen) is a town in north-western Poland with 6,697 inhabitants (2011).

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Salland

Salland is a historical dominion in the west and north of the present Dutch province of Overijssel.

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Samuel Scheidt

Samuel Scheidt (baptized 3 November 1587 – 24 March 1654) was a German composer, organist and teacher of the early Baroque era.

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Sasanian Armenia

Sasanian Armenia, also known as Persian Armenia and Persarmenia (Պարսկահայաստան – Parskahayastan), may either refer to the periods where Armenia (𐭠𐭫𐭬𐭭𐭩 – Armin) was under the suzerainty of the Sasanian Empire, or specifically to the parts of Armenia under its control such as after the partition of 387 AD when parts of western Armenia were incorporated into the Byzantine Empire while the rest of Armenia came under Sasanian suzerainty whilst maintaining its existing kingdom until 428.

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Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha), or Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, was an Ernestine duchy ruled by a branch of the House of Wettin, consisting of territories in the present-day states of Bavaria and Thuringia in Germany.

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Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach) was created as a duchy in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach, which had been in personal union since 1741.

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Saxon Eastern March

The Saxon Eastern March (Sächsische Ostmark) was a march of the Holy Roman Empire from the 10th until the 12th century.

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Sayn-Altenkirchen

Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn-Altenkirchen (sometimes called Sayn-Altenkirchen) was a German county located in what is now Rhineland-Palatinate, near the river Sieg.

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Süpplingenburg

Süpplingenburg is a municipality in the district of Helmstedt, Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Schemmerhofen

Schemmerhofen is a municipality ("Gemeinde") in the district ("Landkreis") of Biberach in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Schmidthachenbach

Schmidthachenbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Schneeberg (Fichtel Mountains)

At, the Schneeberg is the highest mountain in the Fichtelgebirge, a mountain range in Upper Franconia in northeast Bavaria, Germany.

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Schweinfurt

Schweinfurt (in German literally 'swine ford') is a city in the Lower Franconia region of Bavaria in Germany on the right bank of the navigable Main River, which is spanned by several bridges here, 27 km northeast of Würzburg.

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Seelitz

Seelitz is a municipality in the district of Mittelsachsen, in Saxony, Germany.

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Seguin II of Gascony

Seguin II (died 846), called Mostelanicus, was the Count of Bordeaux and Saintes from 840 and Duke of Gascony from 845.

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Sept cavaliers

Sept cavaliers is a 1993 novel by the French writer Jean Raspail.

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September 10

No description.

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Sibylle of Baden

Sibylle of Baden (26 April 1485 – 10 July 1518 in Willstätt) was a Margravine of Baden by birth and by marriage, Countess of Hanau-Lichtenberg.

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Siege of Paris (885–886)

The Siege of Paris of 885–886 was part of a Viking raid on the Seine, in the Kingdom of the West Franks.

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Siegfried, Count of Merseburg

Siegfried (died 3 December 937) was the Count and Margrave of Merseburg from an unknown date before 934 until his death.

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Simon Doria

Simon Doria (Simone, Symon; fl. 1250–1293) was a Genoese statesman and man of letters, of the important Doria family.

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Simon I, Duke of Lorraine

Simon I (1076 – 13 or 14 January 1139) was the duke of Lorraine from 1115 to his death, the eldest son and successor of Theodoric II and Hedwig of Formbach.

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Simon Sulzer

Simon Sulzer (23 September 1508 – 22 June 1585) was a Reformed theologian, Reformer, and Antistes of the Basel church.

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SMS Markgraf

SMS Markgraf was the third battleship of the four-ship.

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Sophia of Saxe-Weissenfels, Countess of Brandenburg-Bayreuth

Sophia of Saxe-Weissenfels (2 August 1684, Weissenfels - 6 May 1752, near Hotzenplotz in Roßwald) was a German aristocrat and culture patron, Countess of Brandenburg-Bayreuth by marriage to George William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth.

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Sophie of Landsberg

Sophie of Landsberg (Sophie z Landsberg, Sophie von Landsberg) (ca. 1259 – 24 August 1318) was a German princess member of the House of Wettin and by marriage Duchess of Glogów.

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Sophie of Winzenburg

Sophie of Winzenburg (1105 in Winzenburg, near Hanover – 6 or 7 July 1160 in Brandenburg an der Havel) was the first Margravine of Brandenburg.

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Sophie, Countess of Bar

Sophie of Bar (c. 1004 or 1018 – January 21 or June 21, 1093) was sovereign Count of Bar and lady of Mousson between 1033 and 1093.

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Sorbian March

The Sorb(ian) March (limes Sorabicus; Sorbenmark) was a frontier district on the eastern border of East Francia in the 9th through 11th centuries.

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Sorbs

Sorbs (Serbja, Serby, Sorben), known also by their former autonyms Lusatians and Wends, are a West Slavic ethnic group predominantly inhabiting their homeland in Lusatia, a region divided between Germany (the states of Saxony and Brandenburg) and Poland (the provinces of Lower Silesia and Lubusz).

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Sorbs (tribe)

The Surbi, also known as Sorbs in modern historiography, was an Early Slavic tribe in Lower Lusatia, part of the Wends.

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Sponheim family

Sponheim or Spanheim was a medieval German noble family, which originated in Rhenish Franconia.

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St. Thomas School, Leipzig

St.

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State of the Teutonic Order

The State of the Teutonic Order (Staat des Deutschen Ordens; Civitas Ordinis Theutonici), also called Deutschordensstaat or Ordensstaat in German, was a crusader state formed by the Teutonic Knights or Teutonic Order during the 13th century Northern Crusades along the Baltic Sea.

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Stephan Bodecker

Stephan Bodecker (1384 – 15 February 1459) was the 37th Bishop of Brandenburg and a Christian Hebraist.

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Stipshausen

Stipshausen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Sunyer II, Count of Empúries

Sunyer II (c. 840–915) was the count of Empúries from 862 and Roussillon from 896 until his death.

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Swabia

Swabia (Schwaben, colloquially Schwabenland or Ländle; in English also archaic Suabia or Svebia) is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany.

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Swabian Circle

The Circle of Swabia or Swabian Circle (Schwäbischer Reichskreis, also Schwäbischer Kreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1500 on the territory of the former German stem-duchy of Swabia.

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Swedish nobility

The Swedish nobility (Adeln) has historically been a legally and/or socially privileged class in Sweden, and part of the so-called frälse (a derivation from Old Swedish meaning free neck).

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Székelys

The Székelys, sometimes also referred to as Szeklers (székelyek, Secui, Szekler, Siculi), are a subgroup of the Hungarian people living mostly in the Székely Land in Romania.

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Taucha

Taucha is a town in the district of Nordsachsen, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany.

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Tedald of Canossa

Tedald (died 1012), of the House of Canossa, was the count of Brescia from 980, Modena, Ferrara, and Reggio from 981, and Mantua from 1006.

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Teltow (region)

Teltow is both a geological plateau and also a historical region in the German states of Brandenburg and Berlin.

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Teltow-Fläming

Teltow-Fläming is a Kreis (district) in the southwestern part of Brandenburg, Germany.

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The Bird That Drinks Blood

The Bird That Drinks Blood (Korean: 피를 마시는 새 Pireul masineun sae, abbreviated as 피마새 Pimasae) is a series of Korean fantasy novels by Lee Yeongdo.

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The Long Ships

The Long Ships or Red Orm (original Swedish: Röde Orm meaning Red Serpent or Red Snake) is an adventure novel by the Swedish writer Frans G. Bengtsson.

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Theodor Ilgen

Theodor Ilgen (29 October 1854, in Brotterode – 19 September 1924, in Miltenberg) was a German archivist and historian.

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Theodoric I, Margrave of Meissen

Theodoric I (11 March 1162 – 18 January 1221), called the Oppressed, was the Margrave of Meissen from 1198 until his death.

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Theodoric II, Margrave of Lower Lusatia

Theodoric II (Dietrich; – 19 November 1034) was Margrave of Lusatia from 1032 to 1034, the first of the Wettin dynasty.

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Theodoric IV, Landgrave of Lusatia

Theodoric IV, Landgrave of Lusatia, also called in German Diezmann, or Dietrich III (– probably 10 December 1307 in Leipzig) was a member of the House of Wettin.

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Thietmar of Merseburg

Thietmar (also Dietmar or Dithmar; 25 July 975 – 1 December 1018), Prince-Bishop of Merseburg from 1009 until his death, was an important chronicler recording the reigns of German kings and Holy Roman Emperors of the Ottonian (Saxon) dynasty.

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Thomas Grynaeus

Thomas Grynaeus (born Thomas Griner; 1512, Veringendorf – 2 August 1564 Rötteln) was a theologian, reformer and pastor.

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Timar

A timar was land granted by the Ottoman sultans between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, with a tax revenue annual value of less than 20 000 akçes.

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Timeline of Antwerp

The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Antwerp, Belgium.

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Timeline of Belgian history

This is a timeline of Belgian history, including important legal and territorial changes and political events in Belgium and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of German history

This is a timeline of German history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Germany and its predecessor states.

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Title

A title is a prefix or suffix added to someone's name in certain contexts.

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Treaty of Landin

The Treaty of Landin was signed in Landin, Germany in 1250 between Barnim I of Pomerania-Stettin, the Ascanian margraves Johann I and Otto III of Brandenburg.

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Trumau

Trumau is a town in the district of Baden in Lower Austria in Austria.

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Uckermark

The Uckermark, a historical region in northeastern Germany, straddles the Uckermark District of Brandenburg and the Vorpommern-Greifswald District of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

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Ufgau

Ufgau (Old High German Ufgowe, Uffgau; Usgau, Osgau; pagus auciacensis) was a historical county (gowe) of the duchy of Franconia, along the Oos River and the lower Murg, delimited to the south by the counties of Albgau and Ortenau.

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Ugartsthal

Ugartsthal, a former German colony in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria which is today part of the village Sivka-Kaluska in Kalush Raion (Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine), is located west of Kalush.

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Ukrians

''Burgwallinsel'', a former Ukrian burgh on an isle in Lake Oberuckersee The Ukrians (Ukranen, Ukrer, Vukraner, Wkrzanie) were a West Slavic Polabian tribe in the Uckermark (terra U(c)kera, Uckerland) from the 6th–12th centuries.

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Ulric I, Margrave of Carniola

Ulric I (Ulrich I.), also Odalric or Udalrich (died 6 March 1070), Count of Weimar-Orlamünde, was margrave of Carniola from 1045 and of Istria from 1060 to his death.

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Ulrich V, Count of Württemberg

Ulrich V of Württemberg called "der Vielgeliebte" (the much loved) (1413 – 1 September 1480 in Leonberg), Count of Württemberg.

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Upper Burgundy

The Kingdom of Upper Burgundy was a Frankish dominion established in 888 by the Welf king Rudolph I of Burgundy on the territory of former Middle Francia.

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Upper Lusatia

Upper Lusatia (Oberlausitz; Hornja Łužica; Górna Łužyca; Łużyce Górne or Milsko; Horní Lužice) is a historical region in Germany and Poland.

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Upper Rhenish Circle

The Upper Rhenish Circle (Oberrheinischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1500 on the territory of the former Duchy of Upper Lorraine and large parts of Rhenish Franconia including the Swabian Alsace region and the Burgundian duchy of Savoy.

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Upper Saxon Circle

The Upper Saxon Circle (Obersächsischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire, created in 1512.

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Veh-Ardashir

Veh-Ardashir (also spelled as Beh-Ardashir and Weh-Ardashir), was an ancient Sasanian city in present-day Iraq, and formed a suburb of their capital, Ctesiphon.

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Veneto

Veneto (or,; Vèneto) is one of the 20 regions of Italy.

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Viking expansion

Viking expansion is the process by which the Vikings sailed most of the North Atlantic, reaching south to North Africa and east to Russia, Constantinople and the Middle East as looters, traders, colonists and mercenaries.

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Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia

Vladislaus Henry (Vladislav Jindřich; – 12 August 1222), a member of the Přemyslid dynasty, was elected Duke of Bohemia (as "Vladislaus III") in 1197 and Margrave of Moravia from 1197 until his death.

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Voivode

VoivodeAlso spelled "voievod", "woiwode", "voivod", "voyvode", "vojvoda", or "woiwod" (Old Slavic, literally "war-leader" or "warlord") is an Eastern European title that originally denoted the principal commander of a military force.

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Vyborg

Vyborg (p; Viipuri,; Viborg; Wiborg; Viiburi) is a town in, and the administrative center of, Vyborgsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia.

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Vyborg Castle

Vyborg Castle (Выборгский замок, Viipurin linna, Viborgs fästning) is a Swedish-built medieval fortress around which the town of Vyborg (today in Russia) evolved.

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Wachau

The Wachau is an Austrian valley with a picturesque landscape formed by the Danube river.

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Wappenbüchlein

A Wappenbüchlein ("little armorial", libellus scutorum) was published by Virgil Solis in 1555, printed in Nuremberg.

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Władysław III Spindleshanks

Władysław III Spindleshanks (Władysław Laskonogi; b. 1161/67 – 3 November 1231), of the Piast Dynasty, was Duke of Greater Poland (during 1194–1202 over all the land and during 1202–1229 only over the southern part), High Duke of Poland and Duke of Kraków during 1202–1206 and 1228–1231, Duke of Kalisz during 1202–1206, ruler of Lubusz during 1206–1210 and 1218–1225, and ruler over Gniezno during 1216–1217.

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Welser

Welser was a German banking and merchant family, originally a patrician family from Augsburg, that rose to great prominence in international high finance in the 16th century as financiers of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

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Wemmel

Wemmel is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant.

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Wends

Wends (Winedas, Old Norse: Vindr, Wenden, Winden, vendere, vender, Wendowie) is a historical name for Slavs living near Germanic settlement areas.

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Wigeric of Lotharingia

Wigeric or Wideric (Wigéric or Wéderic; died before 923) was the count of the Bidgau (pagus Bedensis) and held the rights of a count within the city of Trier.

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Wilhelm Biener

Wilhelm Biener (Bienner) (1590 – 17 July 1651) was a lawyer, and chancellor of Tyrol.

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Wilhelmine of Prussia, Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth

Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia (Friederike Sophie Wilhelmine; 3 July 1709 – 14 October 1758) was a princess of the German Kingdom of Prussia (the older sister of Frederick the Great) and composer.

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William Christopher of Baden-Baden

Margrave William Christopher of Baden (born 12 October 1628 in Baden-Baden; died: 25 August 1652) was a margrave of Baden and canon at Cologne.

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William de Croÿ

William II de Croÿ, Lord of Chièvres (1458 – 28 May 1521) (also known as: Guillaume II de Croÿ, sieur de Chièvres in French; Guillermo II de Croÿ, señor de Chièvres, Xevres or Xebres in Spanish; Willem II van Croÿ, heer van Chièvres in Dutch) (later Duke of Sora and Arce, Baron of Roccaguglielma (all three in Kingdom of Naples, now in Frosinone province), 1st count of Beaumont, 1st Marquess of Aarschot, Lord of Temse) was the chief tutor and First Chamberlain to Charles V. William was the second son of Philippe de Croÿ, Lord of Aarschot and Jacoba of Luxembourg.

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William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach

William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (8 January 1686 – 7 January 1723), was Margrave of the Principality of Brandenburg-Ansbach from 1703 until his death in 1723.

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William I of Weimar

William I (died 16 April 963) is the first known member of the house of the Counts of Weimar.

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William I, German Emperor

William I, or in German Wilhelm I. (full name: William Frederick Louis of Hohenzollern, Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig von Hohenzollern, 22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888), of the House of Hohenzollern was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and the first German Emperor from 18 January 1871 to his death, the first Head of State of a united Germany.

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William III, Count of Toulouse

William III Taillefer (also spelled Tallefer or Tallifer; – September 1037) was the Count of Toulouse, Albi, and Quercy from 972 or 978 to his death.

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William V, Duke of Jülich

William V, Duke of Jülich (– 25/26 February 1361) was a German nobleman.

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William, Margrave of Baden-Baden

Margrave William of Baden-Baden (30 July 1593 – 22 May 1677) was regent of Baden-Baden between 1621 and 1677.

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Witten-Stockum

Witten-Stockum is a borough of the City of Witten.

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Wolfgang of Regensburg

Saint Wolfgang of Regensburg (Wolfgangus; 934 – October 31, 994 AD) was bishop of Regensburg in Bavaria from Christmas 972 until his death.

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Wunsiedel

Wunsiedel is the seat of the Upper Franconian district of Wunsiedel in northeast Bavaria, Germany.

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Wyrzysk

Wyrzysk (Wirsitz) is a town in Poland with 5,263 (2004) inhabitants, situated in Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship.

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Zachlumia

Zachlumia or Zachumlia (Zahumlje / Захумље), also Hum, was a medieval principality located in the modern-day regions of Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia (today parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, respectively).

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Zarrin-Kafsh

Zarrin Kafsh also Zarrinkafsh (زرین کفش, "Golden Shoe") is the name of a Persian tribe in Kordestān of Iranian ("Aryan") origin which took part in the history of the Iranian Kurdistan Province especially the city of Sanandaj under the rule of the Ardalan princes.

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Zähringen castle

The ruins of Zähringen castle is what remains of the ancestral seat of the Zähringer.

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Zwentibold

Zwentibold (Zventibold, Swentiboldo, Sventibaldo, Sanderbald; – 13 August 900), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was the illegitimate son of Emperor Arnulf.

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1056

Year 1056 (MLVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1082

Year 1082 (MLXXXII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1157

Year 1157 (MCLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1260s

The 1260s is the decade starting January 1, 1260 and ending December 31, 1269.

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820

Year 820 (DCCCXX) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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850

For codepage, see CP850. Year 850 (DCCCL) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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852

Year 852 (DCCCLII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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861

Year 861 (DCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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865

Year 865 (DCCCLXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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869

Year 869 (DCCCLXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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871

Year 871 (DCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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875

Year 875 (DCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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886

Year 886 (DCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

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909

Year 909 (CMIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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918

Year 918 (CMXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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929

Year 929 (CMXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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937

Year 937 (CMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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951

Year 951 (CMLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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955

Year 955 (CMLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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959

Year 959 (CMLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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962

Year 962 (CMLXII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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985

Year 985 (CMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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Redirects here:

Margravate, Margraves, Margraviate, Margravine, Markgraf, Markgrave, Markgräfin.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margrave

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