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Matter wave

Index Matter wave

Matter waves are a central part of the theory of quantum mechanics, being an example of wave–particle duality. [1]

135 relations: Abraham–Minkowski controversy, Albert Einstein, Analytical mechanics, Anton Zeilinger, Arago spot, Asymptotic freedom, Atom interferometer, Atom laser, Atomic de Broglie microscope, Atomic orbital, Atomtronics, Bell Labs, Bohr model, Bose–Einstein condensation of quasiparticles, Bragg's law, Broglie, Causality, Charge invariance, Chemical bond, Cherenkov radiation, Classical mechanics, Clinton Davisson, Coherence (physics), Compton wavelength, Coulomb collision, Davisson–Germer experiment, De Broglie–Bohm theory, Deep inelastic scattering, Degenerate matter, Depletion force, Diffraction, Diffraction in time, Diffraction-limited system, Dispersion relation, Double heterostructure, Duane's hypothesis, Electron, Electron diffraction, Electron interferometer, Electron ionization, Electron optics, Electron scattering, Energy operator, Energy–momentum relation, Faraday wave, Fermi–Dirac statistics, Fondation Louis-de-Broglie, Four-gradient, Four-vector, Free particle, ..., George Paget Thomson, Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation, Heidelberg University Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Helium atom scattering, Helium trimer, Helmut Rauch, Identical particles, Index of physics articles (M), Index of wave articles, Interference lithography, Introduction to quantum mechanics, Ion, Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Kapitsa–Dirac effect, Kenji Ohmori, Laws of science, Length measurement, Length scale, List of equations in quantum mechanics, List of examples of lengths, List of important publications in physics, List of waves named after people, Louis de Broglie, Low-energy ion scattering, Magnetar, Mathematical model, Matter wave, Matter wave clock, Minkowski space, Mirror, Momentum, Nanomaterials, Neutron scattering, Neutron temperature, Niels Bohr, Nuclear fusion, Nuclear reaction, Orders of magnitude (length), Path integral formulation, Phonon, Planck constant, Planck–Einstein relation, Plasma parameters, Position and momentum space, Potential well, Powder diffraction, Probability amplitude, Proton, Quantum metamaterial, Quantum microscopy, Quantum well, Randall G. Hulet, Relativistic quantum mechanics, Relativistic wave equations, Renormalization group, Ridged mirror, Scanning helium ion microscope, Scattering length, Schrödinger equation, Scientific phenomena named after people, Solution of Schrödinger equation for a step potential, Spectroscopy, Stochastic electrodynamics, Talbot effect, Thermal de Broglie wavelength, Thermal quantum field theory, Timeline of developments in theoretical physics, Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics, Timeline of fundamental physics discoveries, Timeline of theoretical physics, Timeline of United States discoveries, Transmission electron microscopy, Types of physical unclonable function, Uncertainty principle, Wave, Wave function, Wave interference, Wave packet, Wave–particle duality, Wavelength, Wavelength (disambiguation), Wavenumber, Weyl equation, Whispering gallery, Whispering-gallery wave. Expand index (85 more) »

Abraham–Minkowski controversy

The Abraham–Minkowski controversy is a physics debate concerning electromagnetic momentum within dielectric media.

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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics).

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Analytical mechanics

In theoretical physics and mathematical physics, analytical mechanics, or theoretical mechanics is a collection of closely related alternative formulations of classical mechanics.

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Anton Zeilinger

Anton Zeilinger (born 20 May 1945) is an Austrian quantum physicist who in 2008 received the Inaugural Isaac Newton Medal of the Institute of Physics (UK) for "his pioneering conceptual and experimental contributions to the foundations of quantum physics, which have become the cornerstone for the rapidly-evolving field of quantum information".

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Arago spot

In optics, the Arago spot, Poisson spot, or Fresnel bright spot, is a bright point that appears at the center of a circular object's shadow due to Fresnel diffraction.

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Asymptotic freedom

In particle physics, asymptotic freedom is a property of some gauge theories that causes interactions between particles to become asymptotically weaker as the energy scale increases and the corresponding length scale decreases.

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Atom interferometer

An atom interferometer is an interferometer which uses the wave character of atoms.

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Atom laser

An atom laser is a coherent state of propagating atoms.

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Atomic de Broglie microscope

The atomic de Broglie microscope (also atomic nanoscope, neutral beam microscope, or scanning helium microscope when helium is used as the probing atom) is an imaging system which is expected to provide resolution at the nanometer scale.

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Atomic orbital

In quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of either one electron or a pair of electrons in an atom.

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Atomtronics

Atomtronics is an emerging sub-field of ultracold atomic physics which encompasses a broad range of topics featuring guided atomic matter waves.

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Bell Labs

Nokia Bell Labs (formerly named AT&T Bell Laboratories, Bell Telephone Laboratories and Bell Labs) is an American research and scientific development company, owned by Finnish company Nokia.

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Bohr model

In atomic physics, the Rutherford–Bohr model or Bohr model or Bohr diagram, introduced by Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford in 1913, depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus—similar to the structure of the Solar System, but with attraction provided by electrostatic forces rather than gravity.

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Bose–Einstein condensation of quasiparticles

Bose–Einstein condensation can occur in quasiparticles, particles that are effective descriptions of collective excitations in materials.

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Bragg's law

In physics, Bragg's law, or Wulff–Bragg's condition, a special case of Laue diffraction, gives the angles for coherent and incoherent scattering from a crystal lattice.

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Broglie

Broglie is a commune of the Eure département, in France Broglie may further refer to.

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Causality

Causality (also referred to as causation, or cause and effect) is what connects one process (the cause) with another process or state (the effect), where the first is partly responsible for the second, and the second is partly dependent on the first.

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Charge invariance

Charge invariance refers to the fixed electrostatic potential of a particle, regardless of speed.

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Chemical bond

A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds.

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Cherenkov radiation

Cherenkov radiation (sometimes spelled "Cerenkov") is electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle (such as an electron) passes through a dielectric medium at a speed greater than the phase velocity of light in that medium.

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Classical mechanics

Classical mechanics describes the motion of macroscopic objects, from projectiles to parts of machinery, and astronomical objects, such as spacecraft, planets, stars and galaxies.

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Clinton Davisson

Clinton Joseph Davisson (October 22, 1881 – February 1, 1958), was an American physicist who won the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of electron diffraction in the famous Davisson-Germer experiment.

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Coherence (physics)

In physics, two wave sources are perfectly coherent if they have a constant phase difference and the same frequency, and the same waveform.

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Compton wavelength

The Compton wavelength is a quantum mechanical property of a particle.

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Coulomb collision

A Coulomb collision is a binary elastic collision between two charged particles interacting through their own electric field.

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Davisson–Germer experiment

The Davisson–Germer experiment was a 1923-7 experiment by Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer at Western Electric (later Bell Labs), in which electrons, scattered by the surface of a crystal of nickel metal, displayed a diffraction pattern.

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De Broglie–Bohm theory

The de Broglie–Bohm theory, also known as the pilot wave theory, Bohmian mechanics, Bohm's interpretation, and the causal interpretation, is an interpretation of quantum mechanics.

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Deep inelastic scattering

Deep inelastic scattering is the name given to a process used to probe the insides of hadrons (particularly the baryons, such as protons and neutrons), using electrons, muons and neutrinos.

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Degenerate matter

Degenerate matter is a highly dense state of matter in which particles must occupy high states of kinetic energy in order to satisfy the Pauli exclusion principle.

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Depletion force

A depletion force is an effective attractive force that arises between large colloidal particles that are suspended in a dilute solution of depletants, which are smaller solutes that are preferentially excluded from the vicinity of the large particles.

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Diffraction

--> Diffraction refers to various phenomena that occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit.

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Diffraction in time

Diffraction in time is a phenomenon associated with the quantum dynamics of suddenly released matter waves initially confined in a region of space.

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Diffraction-limited system

The resolution of an optical imaging system a microscope, telescope, or camera can be limited by factors such as imperfections in the lenses or misalignment.

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Dispersion relation

In physical sciences and electrical engineering, dispersion relations describe the effect of dispersion in a medium on the properties of a wave traveling within that medium.

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Double heterostructure

A double heterostructure is formed when two semiconductor materials are grown into a "sandwich".

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Duane's hypothesis

In 1922 American physicist William Duane presented the hypothesis that the scattering of X-Ray photons by a crystal could be best explained by a mechanism of discrete quantized transactions between the crystal and the incident X-Ray photons, where the reaction of the crystal is constrained by a simple quantum rule, and the incident photons behave as free particles.

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Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.

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Electron diffraction

Electron diffraction refers to the wave nature of electrons.

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Electron interferometer

An Electron interferometer is an interferometer based on exploiting the wave character of electrons.

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Electron ionization

Electron ionization (EI, formerly known as electron impact ionization and electron bombardment ionization) is an ionization method in which energetic electrons interact with solid or gas phase atoms or molecules to produce ions.

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Electron optics

Electron optics is a mathematical framework for the calculation of electron trajectories along electromagnetic fields.

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Electron scattering

Electron scattering occurs when electrons are deviated from their original trajectory.

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Energy operator

In quantum mechanics, energy is defined in terms of the energy operator, acting on the wave function of the system as a consequence of time translation symmetry.

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Energy–momentum relation

In physics, the energy–momentum relation, or relativistic dispersion relation, is the relativistic equation relating any object's rest (intrinsic) mass, total energy, and momentum: holds for a system, such as a particle or macroscopic body, having intrinsic rest mass, total energy, and a momentum of magnitude, where the constant is the speed of light, assuming the special relativity case of flat spacetime.

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Faraday wave

Faraday waves, also known as Faraday ripples, named after Michael Faraday, are nonlinear standing waves that appear on liquids enclosed by a vibrating receptacle.

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Fermi–Dirac statistics

In quantum statistics, a branch of physics, Fermi–Dirac statistics describe a distribution of particles over energy states in systems consisting of many identical particles that obey the Pauli exclusion principle.

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Fondation Louis-de-Broglie

The Fondation Louis-de-Broglie is a French foundation for research into physics.

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Four-gradient

In differential geometry, the four-gradient (or 4-gradient) \mathbf is the four-vector analogue of the gradient \vec from Gibbs–Heaviside vector calculus.

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Four-vector

In special relativity, a four-vector (also known as a 4-vector) is an object with four components, which transform in a specific way under Lorentz transformation.

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Free particle

In physics, a free particle is a particle that, in some sense, is not bound by an external force, or equivalently not in a region where its potential energy varies.

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George Paget Thomson

Sir George Paget Thomson, FRS (3 May 1892 – 10 September 1975) was an English physicist and Nobel laureate in physics recognised for his discovery of the wave properties of the electron by electron diffraction.

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Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation

In general relativity, the Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation (HJEE) or Einstein–Hamilton–Jacobi equation (EHJE) is an equation in the Hamiltonian formulation of geometrodynamics in superspace, cast in the "geometrodynamics era" around the 1960s, by Asher Peres in 1962 and others.

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Heidelberg University Faculty of Physics and Astronomy

The Faculty of Physics and Astronomy is one of twelve faculties at the University of Heidelberg.

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Helium atom scattering

Helium atom scattering (HAS) is a surface analysis technique used in materials science.

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Helium trimer

The helium trimer is a weakly bound molecule consisting of three helium atoms.

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Helmut Rauch

Helmut Rauch (born 22 January 1939 in Krems an der Donau, Lower Austria) is an Austrian physicist.

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Identical particles

Identical particles, also called indistinguishable or indiscernible particles, are particles that cannot be distinguished from one another, even in principle.

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Index of physics articles (M)

The index of physics articles is split into multiple pages due to its size.

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Index of wave articles

This is a list of Wave topics.

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Interference lithography

Interference lithography (or holographic lithography) is a technique for patterning regular arrays of fine features, without the use of complex optical systems or photomasks.

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Introduction to quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics is the science of the very small.

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Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge (its total number of electrons is not equal to its total number of protons).

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Journal of Low Temperature Physics

The Journal of Low Temperature Physics is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the field of low temperature physics and cryogenics, including superconductivity, superfluidity, matter waves, magnetism and electronic properties, active areas in condensed matter physics, and low temperature technology.

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Kapitsa–Dirac effect

The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum mechanical effect consisting of the diffraction of matter by a standing wave of light.

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Kenji Ohmori

is a Japanese physicist and chemist.

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Laws of science

The laws of science, scientific laws, or scientific principles are statements that describe or predict a range of phenomena as they appear in nature.

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Length measurement

Length measurement is implemented in practice in many ways.

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Length scale

In physics, length scale is a particular length or distance determined with the precision of one order of magnitude.

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List of equations in quantum mechanics

This article summarizes equations in the theory of quantum mechanics.

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List of examples of lengths

This is a list of examples of lengths, in metres in order to give an understanding of lengths.

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List of important publications in physics

This is a list of important publications in physics, organized by field.

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List of waves named after people

This is a list of waves named after people (eponymous waves).

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Louis de Broglie

Louis Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie, duke de Broglie (or; 15 August 1892 – 19 March 1987) was a French physicist who made groundbreaking contributions to quantum theory.

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Low-energy ion scattering

Low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS), sometimes referred to simply as ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used to characterize the chemical and structural makeup of materials.

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Magnetar

A magnetar is a type of neutron star with an extremely powerful inferred magnetic field (\sim 10^ - 10^ G).

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Mathematical model

A mathematical model is a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language.

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Matter wave

Matter waves are a central part of the theory of quantum mechanics, being an example of wave–particle duality.

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Matter wave clock

A matter wave clock is a type of clock whose principle of operation makes use of the apparent wavelike properties of matter.

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Minkowski space

In mathematical physics, Minkowski space (or Minkowski spacetime) is a combining of three-dimensional Euclidean space and time into a four-dimensional manifold where the spacetime interval between any two events is independent of the inertial frame of reference in which they are recorded.

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Mirror

A mirror is an object that reflects light in such a way that, for incident light in some range of wavelengths, the reflected light preserves many or most of the detailed physical characteristics of the original light, called specular reflection.

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Momentum

In Newtonian mechanics, linear momentum, translational momentum, or simply momentum (pl. momenta) is the product of the mass and velocity of an object.

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Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 to 1000 nanometres (10−9 meter) but usually is 1 to 100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale).

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Neutron scattering

Neutron scattering, the irregular dispersal of free neutrons by matter, can refer to either the naturally occurring physical process itself or to the man-made experimental techniques that use the natural process for investigating materials.

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Neutron temperature

The neutron detection temperature, also called the neutron energy, indicates a free neutron's kinetic energy, usually given in electron volts.

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Niels Bohr

Niels Henrik David Bohr (7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922.

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Nuclear fusion

In nuclear physics, nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei come close enough to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons or protons).

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Nuclear reaction

In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, a nuclear reaction is semantically considered to be the process in which two nuclei, or else a nucleus of an atom and a subatomic particle (such as a proton, neutron, or high energy electron) from outside the atom, collide to produce one or more nuclides that are different from the nuclide(s) that began the process.

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Orders of magnitude (length)

The following are examples of orders of magnitude for different lengths.

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Path integral formulation

The path integral formulation of quantum mechanics is a description of quantum theory that generalizes the action principle of classical mechanics.

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Phonon

In physics, a phonon is a collective excitation in a periodic, elastic arrangement of atoms or molecules in condensed matter, like solids and some liquids.

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Planck constant

The Planck constant (denoted, also called Planck's constant) is a physical constant that is the quantum of action, central in quantum mechanics.

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Planck–Einstein relation

The Planck–Einstein relationFrench & Taylor (1978), pp.

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Plasma parameters

Plasma parameters define various characteristics of a plasma, an electrically conductive collection of charged particles that responds collectively to electromagnetic forces.

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Position and momentum space

In physics and geometry, there are two closely related vector spaces, usually three-dimensional but in general could be any finite number of dimensions.

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Potential well

A potential well is the region surrounding a local minimum of potential energy.

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Powder diffraction

Powder diffraction is a scientific technique using X-ray, neutron, or electron diffraction on powder or microcrystalline samples for structural characterization of materials.

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Probability amplitude

In quantum mechanics, a probability amplitude is a complex number used in describing the behaviour of systems.

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Proton

| magnetic_moment.

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Quantum metamaterial

Quantum metamaterials extend the science of metamaterials to the quantum level.

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Quantum microscopy

Quantum microscopy is a novel tool that allows microscopic properties of matter and quantum particles to be measured and directly visualized.

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Quantum well

A quantum well is a potential well with only discrete energy values.

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Randall G. Hulet

Randall Gardner Hulet (born April 27, 1956 in Walnut Creek, California) is an American physicist.

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Relativistic quantum mechanics

In physics, relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) is any Poincaré covariant formulation of quantum mechanics (QM).

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Relativistic wave equations

In physics, specifically relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) and its applications to particle physics, relativistic wave equations predict the behavior of particles at high energies and velocities comparable to the speed of light.

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Renormalization group

In theoretical physics, the renormalization group (RG) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different scales.

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Ridged mirror

In atomic physics, a ridged mirror (or ridged atomic mirror, or Fresnel diffraction mirror) is a kind of atomic mirror, designed for the specular reflection of neutral particles (atoms) coming at the grazing incidence angle, characterised in the following: in order to reduce the mean attraction of particles to the surface and increase the reflectivity, this surface has narrow ridges.

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Scanning helium ion microscope

A scanning helium ion microscope (SHIM, HeIM or HIM) is an imaging technology based on a scanning helium ion beam.

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Scattering length

The scattering length in quantum mechanics describes low-energy scattering.

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Schrödinger equation

In quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger equation is a mathematical equation that describes the changes over time of a physical system in which quantum effects, such as wave–particle duality, are significant.

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Scientific phenomena named after people

This is a list of scientific phenomena and concepts named after people (eponymous phenomena).

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Solution of Schrödinger equation for a step potential

In quantum mechanics and scattering theory, the one-dimensional step potential is an idealized system used to model incident, reflected and transmitted matter waves.

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Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.

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Stochastic electrodynamics

Stochastic electrodynamics (SED) is an extension of the de Broglie–Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics, with the electromagnetic zero-point field (ZPF) playing a central role as the guiding pilot-wave.

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Talbot effect

The Talbot effect is a near-field diffraction effect first observed in 1836 by Henry Fox Talbot.

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Thermal de Broglie wavelength

In physics, the thermal de Broglie wavelength (\lambda_) is roughly the average de Broglie wavelength of the gas particles in an ideal gas at the specified temperature.

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Thermal quantum field theory

In theoretical physics, thermal quantum field theory (thermal field theory for short) or finite temperature field theory is a set of methods to calculate expectation values of physical observables of a quantum field theory at finite temperature.

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Timeline of developments in theoretical physics

This page lists important developments in theoretical physics that have either been experimentally confirmed or significantly influence current thinking in modern physics.

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Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics

Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics lists, within the history of electromagnetism, the associated theories, technology, and events.

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Timeline of fundamental physics discoveries

No description.

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Timeline of theoretical physics

The Timeline of theoretical physics lists key events by century.

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Timeline of United States discoveries

Timeline of United States discoveries encompasses the breakthroughs of human thought and knowledge of new scientific findings, phenomena, places, things, and what was previously unknown to exist.

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Transmission electron microscopy

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, also sometimes conventional transmission electron microscopy or CTEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image.

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Types of physical unclonable function

Physical unclonable function (PUF), sometimes also called physically unclonable function, is a physical entity that is embodied in a physical structure and is easy to evaluate but hard to predict.

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Uncertainty principle

In quantum mechanics, the uncertainty principle (also known as Heisenberg's uncertainty principle) is any of a variety of mathematical inequalities asserting a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle, known as complementary variables, such as position x and momentum p, can be known.

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Wave

In physics, a wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space, with little or no associated mass transport.

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Wave function

A wave function in quantum physics is a mathematical description of the quantum state of an isolated quantum system.

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Wave interference

In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two waves superpose to form a resultant wave of greater, lower, or the same amplitude.

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Wave packet

In physics, a wave packet (or wave train) is a short "burst" or "envelope" of localized wave action that travels as a unit.

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Wave–particle duality

Wave–particle duality is the concept in quantum mechanics that every particle or quantic entity may be partly described in terms not only of particles, but also of waves.

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Wavelength

In physics, the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.

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Wavelength (disambiguation)

A wavelength is a property of a wave.

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Wavenumber

In the physical sciences, the wavenumber (also wave number or repetency) is the spatial frequency of a wave, measured in cycles per unit distance or radians per unit distance.

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Weyl equation

In physics, particularly quantum field theory, the Weyl equation is a relativistic wave equation for describing massless spin-1/2 particles called Weyl fermions.

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Whispering gallery

The Whispering Gallery of St Paul's Cathedral A whispering gallery is usually a circular, hemispherical, elliptical or ellipsoidal enclosure, often beneath a dome or a vault, in which whispers can be heard clearly in other parts of the gallery.

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Whispering-gallery wave

Whispering-gallery waves, or whispering-gallery modes, are a type of wave that can travel around a concave surface.

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Atomic wave, De Broglie Hypothesis, De Broglie Wave, De Broglie Wavelength, De Broglie Wavelength Equation, De Broglie Wavenumber, De Broglie effect, De Broglie hypothesis, De Broglie relation, De Broglie relations, De Broglie wave, De Broglie wavelength, De Broglie waves, De Broglie's hypothesis, De Broglie's relation, De Broiglie's relations, De broglie hypothesis, De broglie relations, De broglie wavelength, DeBroglie hypothesis, DeBroglie wavelength, DeBroglie waves, Debroglie Wavelength, Debroglie wavelength, Matter waves.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter_wave

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