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329 relations: Absolute liability, Accessory (legal term), Actual innocence, Actus reus, Affray, Age of criminal responsibility in Australia, Aggravated felony, Alcohol laws of New Jersey, Animus nocendi, Assault, Assault occasioning actual bodily harm, Attempt, Attempted murder, Attendant circumstance, Attribution of liability to United Kingdom companies, Automatism (law), Autonomous car liability, Bankruptcy, Battery (crime), Beaver v R, Bemeizid, Ben Emmerson, Betts v Armstead, Blasphemy law in the Republic of Ireland, Bosnian genocide, California Comprehensive Computer Data Access and Fraud Act, Calunnia, Capital punishment in Ireland, Categorical test, Causation (law), Child protection, Circumstantial evidence, City of Chicago v. Morales, Civil Code of Argentina, Clark v. Arizona, Colour of right, Command responsibility, Common assault, Common purpose, Commonwealth v. Malone, Commonwealth v. York, Concurrence, Consent (criminal law), Conspiracy against the United States, Conspiracy to defraud, Conspiracy to murder, Copyright infringement, Corporate manslaughter, Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007, Corporate manslaughter in English law, ..., Corporate veil in the United Kingdom, Crime, Crime of passion, Crime scene getaway, Crimes Act 1900, Criminal Copyright Law in the United States, Criminal damage in English law, Criminal defenses, Criminal law, Criminal Law (Temporary Provisions) Act (Singapore), Criminal law in the Marshall Court, Criminal law in the Waite Court, Criminal law of Australia, Criminal law of Canada, Criminal law of the United States, Criminal negligence, Criminal possession of a weapon, Criminal remedies for copyright infringement, Culpability, Culpable homicide, Dangerous driving, Death of Henry H. Bliss, Debtors' prison, Designer drug, Dick Harris, Digital forensics, Diminished responsibility in English law, Dishonest assistance, Dishonesty, Disorderly conduct, DPP v Majewski, Drury v HM Advocate, Due diligence, Duress in American law, Element (criminal law), Elonis v. United States, English criminal law, English law, Environmental Protection Act 1990, Excuse, Fact pattern, Fagan v Metropolitan Police Commissioner, False statement, False statements of fact, Fault (legal), Federal prosecution of public corruption in the United States, Felony murder rule, Felony murder rule (Kentucky), Fence (criminal), Fitness to plead, Fitzpatrick v Kelly, Flores-Figueroa v. United States, Forensic psychology, Francis v. Franklin, Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc., Grievous bodily harm, Guilt (emotion), Handling stolen goods, Hayes v R, He Kaw Teh v The Queen, Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, Health and safety crime in the United Kingdom, Hendershott v. People, Henry de Bracton, Henry Marshall Furman, Hill v Baxter, Holloway v. United States, Homicide Act 1957, Homicide in English law, How Some Children Played at Slaughtering, Human rights in Hong Kong, Ignorantia juris non excusat, Imputation (law), Inchoate offences in English law, Inchoate offense, Incitement, Indecent assault, Index of criminology articles, Index of law articles, Index of philosophy articles (I–Q), Insanity, Insanity defense, Insanity in English law, Intellectual disability, Intent (disambiguation), Intention (criminal law), Intention in English law, Intentional infliction of emotional distress, Intoxication in English law, Iwuchukwu Amara Tochi, Jamieson v HM Advocate, Jerome Hall, Joint criminal enterprise, Justification and excuse, Kevin de León, Killing of Tim McLean, Knowledge (legal construct), Lambert v. California, Larceny, Law, Law of Bhutan, Laws regarding rape, Legal writing, Leocal v. Ashcroft, Lewis v R, Liability insurance, List of Latin legal terms, List of Latin phrases (A), List of Latin phrases (M), List of murder laws by country, List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Dickson Court), List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Lamer Court), List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Richards Court through Fauteux Court), List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Burger Court, List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rehnquist Court, List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Warren Court, Lists of landmark court decisions, M'Naghten rules, Madhavan Nair v Public Prosecutor, Making false statements, Malice (law), Malice aforethought, Malicious Damage Act 1861, Manslaughter, Manslaughter (United States law), Manslaughter in English law, Marcia Baron, Mental health law, Mental status examination, Mistake (criminal law), Mistake (English law), Mitigating factor, Model Penal Code, Momčilo Krajišnik, Moral agency, Morissette v. United States, Motive (law), Murder, Murder (Australian law), Murder in English law, Murder of Jane Longhurst, Murder–suicide, Negligence, Negligence per se, Neil Gorsuch, Neuroethics, Nicholas Conyngham Tindal, Non-fatal offences against the person in English law, Northington v. State, O'Grady v Sparling, Ocasio v. United States, Omission (law), Ostrich instruction, Outline of criminal justice, Outline of psychiatry, Pappajohn v R, Patterson v. New York, People v. Aaron, People v. Berry, People v. Ireland, People v. Newton, Per minas, Perjury, Perjury in Nigeria, Personation, Philosophy of law, Physical proximity doctrine, Piercing the corporate veil, Political activities of the Koch brothers, Political defense, Ponzi scheme, Posen speeches, Postpositive adjective, Precedent, Protection of Children Act 1978, Provocation (legal), Provocation in English law, Public-order crime, R v Anglian Water Services Ltd, R v Burgess, R v Canadian Dredge & Dock Co, R v Chaulk, R v Creighton, R v Cunningham, R v Daviault, R v DeSousa, R v Dixon, R v Faulkner, R v George, R v Hancock, R v Hess; R v Nguyen, R v Hibbert, R v Hinks, R v Hundal, R v Hydro-Québec, R v Jogee, R v Jorgensen, R v Latimer, R v Leary, R v Martineau, R v Miller, R v Nedrick, R v Prince, R v Richards, R v Sault Ste-Marie (City of), R v Savage, R v Spencer, R v Steane, R v Stevens, R v Tutton, R v Vaillancourt, R v Woodrow, R v Woollin, Rea, Rebuttable presumption, Recklessness (law), Regulatory offence, Res ipsa loquitur, Respondeat superior, Riot, Robert Mulka, Ronald Appleton, Rose Heilbron, S v Combrink, Sandstrom v. Montana, Scienter, Seaman's Manslaughter Statute, Section 12 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Section 91(27) of the Constitution Act, 1867, Sedition Act 1948, Self-defence in English law, Shadrake v Attorney-General, Slave Pit Inc., South African criminal law, State v. Dumlao, Statutory interpretation, Strict liability, Strict liability (criminal), Superior orders, Sweet v Parsley, Tax noncompliance, Tax protester, Tax protester conspiracy arguments, Terroristic threat, Texas Penal Code, Theft, Theft Act 1978, Theft by finding, Thoughtcrime, Timeline of disability rights outside the United States, Torture, Trade Descriptions Act 1968, Transferred intent, Treasons Act 1534, Trojan horse defense, Twinsectra Ltd v Yardley, Twitter Joke Trial, Ultimate issue (law), United Kingdom company law, United States defamation law, United States v. Behrman, United States v. Crimmins, United States v. Giovanetti, United States v. Peoni, United States v. United States Gypsum Co., United States v. Weitzenhoff, Vehicular homicide, Vicarious liability (criminal), Vicarious liability in English law, Violent disorder, Voisine v. United States, Whitehouse v Lemon, Willful violation, William Cranch, Zemiology, 1934 in the United States, 2007 Boston Mooninite panic, 2009 Vítkov arson attack. Expand index (279 more) »
Absolute liability
Absolute liability is a standard of legal liability found in tort and criminal law of various legal jurisdictions.
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Accessory (legal term)
An accessory is a person who assists in the commission of a crime, but who does not actually participate in the commission of the crime as a joint principal.
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Actual innocence
Actual innocence is a state of affairs in which a defendant in a criminal case is innocent of the charges against them because he or she did not commit the crime accused.
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Actus reus
Actus reus, sometimes called the external element or the objective element of a crime, is the Latin term for the "guilty act" which, when proved beyond a reasonable doubt in combination with the mens rea, "guilty mind", produces criminal liability in the common law-based criminal law jurisdictions of England and Wales, Canada, Australia, India, Kenya, Pakistan, South Africa, New Zealand, Scotland, Nigeria, Ghana, Ireland, Israel and the United States of America.
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Affray
In many legal jurisdictions related to English common law, affray is a public order offence consisting of the fighting of one or more persons in a public place to the terror (in à l'effroi) of ordinary people.
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Age of criminal responsibility in Australia
The age of criminal responsibility in Australia is the age below which a child is deemed incapable of having committed a criminal offence.
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Aggravated felony
The term aggravated felony was used in the United States immigration law to refer to a broad category of criminal offenses that carry certain severe consequences for aliens seeking asylum, legal permanent resident status, citizenship, or avoidance of deportation proceedings.
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Alcohol laws of New Jersey
The state laws governing alcoholic beverages in New Jersey are among the most complex in the United States, with many peculiarities not found in other states' laws.
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Animus nocendi
In jurisprudence, animus nocendi (Latin animus, "mind" + gerund of noceo, "to harm") is the subjective state of mind of the author of a crime, with reference to the exact knowledge of illegal content of his behaviour, and of its possible consequences.
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Assault
An assault is the act of inflicting physical harm or unwanted physical contact upon a person or, in some specific legal definitions, a threat or attempt to commit such an action.
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Assault occasioning actual bodily harm
Assault occasioning actual bodily harm (often abbreviated to Assault O.A.B.H. or simply ABH) is a statutory offence of aggravated assault in England and Wales, Northern Ireland, the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Hong Kong and the Solomon Islands.
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Attempt
An attempt to commit a crime occurs if a criminal has an intent to commit a crime and takes a substantial step toward completing the crime, but for reasons not intended by the criminal, the final resulting crime does not occur.
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Attempted murder
Attempted murder is a crime of attempt in various jurisdictions.
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Attendant circumstance
In law, attendant circumstances (sometimes external circumstances) are the facts surrounding an event.
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Attribution of liability to United Kingdom companies
Attribution of liability to United Kingdom companies involves the rules of contract, agency, capacity, tort and crime as they relate to UK company law.
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Automatism (law)
Automatism is a rarely used criminal defence.
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Autonomous car liability
Autonomous car liability (or liability of driverless cars, self-driving cars, or robotic cars) is a developing area of law and policy that will determine who is liable when an autonomous car causes physical damage to persons or property.
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Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy is a legal status of a person or other entity that cannot repay debts to creditors.
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Battery (crime)
Battery is a criminal offense involving the unlawful physical acting upon a threat, distinct from assault which is the act of creating apprehension of such contact.
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Beaver v R
Beaver v The Queen is a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the mens rea requirement in criminal law to prove "possession".
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Bemeizid
The Hebrew adjective מזיד mezid means "deliberate." The adverbial form be-mezid means "deliberately." This Hebrew term is used in Jewish law to indicate that something was done on purpose.
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Ben Emmerson
Ben Emmerson, QC (born 10 August 1963) is a British lawyer, specialising in European human rights law, public international law and international criminal law.
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Betts v Armstead
Betts v. Armstead, L.R. 20 Q.B.D. 771 (1888), was an English case decided by the Queen's Bench that adopted a strict liability standard for violations of the Sale of Food and Drugs Act of 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 63).
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Blasphemy law in the Republic of Ireland
In the state of Ireland, blasphemy is required to be prohibited by Article 40.6.1.i. of the 1937 Constitution.
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Bosnian genocide
The term Bosnian genocide refers to either genocide at Srebrenica and ŽepaIWPR, Genocide Conviction for Serb General Tolimir, 13 December 2012.
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California Comprehensive Computer Data Access and Fraud Act
The California Comprehensive Computer Data Access and Fraud Act is in §502 of the California Penal Code.
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Calunnia
Calunnia, meaning "calumny") is a criminal offence under Article 368 of the Italian Penal Code (Codice Penale), which states: Anyone who with a denunciation, complaint, demand or request, even anonymously or under a false name, directs a judicial authority or other authority that has an obligation to report, to blame someone for a crime who he knows is innocent, that is he fabricates evidence against someone, shall be punished with imprisonment from two to six years. The penalty shall be increased if the accused blames someone of a crime for which the law prescribes a penalty of imprisonment exceeding a maximum of ten years, or another more serious penalty. The imprisonment shall be from four to twelve years if the act results in a prison sentence exceeding five years, from six to twenty years if the act results in a life sentence. The mens rea of calunnia requires awareness and a willingness to blame someone of a crime that the accused knows is innocent., Studio Assistenza Legale, accessed 24 October 2011 Calunnia differs from criminal slander (ingiuria) and criminal libel (diffamazione) which relate to offences against personal honour in the Italian Penal Code.
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Capital punishment in Ireland
Capital punishment in the Republic of Ireland was abolished in statute law in 1990, having been abolished in 1964 for most offences including ordinary murder.
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Categorical test
The categorical test is a legal standard for determining whether there has been adequate provocation to reduce a murder charge to voluntary manslaughter.
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Causation (law)
Causation is the "causal relationship between conduct and result".
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Child protection
Child protection is the protection of children from violence, exploitation, abuse and neglect.
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Circumstantial evidence
Circumstantial evidence is evidence that relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact—like a fingerprint at the scene of a crime.
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City of Chicago v. Morales
City of Chicago v. Morales, 527 U.S. 41 (1999), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a law cannot be so vague that a person of ordinary intelligence can not figure out what is innocent activity and what is illegal.
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Civil Code of Argentina
The Civil Code of Argentina was the legal code in force between 1871 and 2015, which formed the foundation of the system of civil law in Argentina.
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Clark v. Arizona
Clark v. Arizona,, is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld the constitutionality of the insanity defense used by Arizona.
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Colour of right
Colour of right is the legal concept in the UK and other Commonwealth countries of an accused's permission to the usage or conversion of an asset in the possession of another.
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Command responsibility
Command responsibility, sometimes referred to as the Yamashita standard or the Medina standard, and also known as superior responsibility, is the legal doctrine of hierarchical accountability for war crimes.
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Common assault
Common assault was an offence under the common law of England, and has been held now to be a statutory offence in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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Common purpose
The doctrine of common purpose, common design, joint enterprise, or joint criminal enterprise is a common-law legal doctrine that imputes criminal liability to the participants in a criminal enterprise for all that results from that enterprise.
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Commonwealth v. Malone
Commonwealth v. Malone, 354 Pa.
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Commonwealth v. York
Commonwealth v. York, 50 Massachusetts (9Met) 93 (1845), is a precedent setting American criminal case in which it was determined that although the prosecution must establish all of the elements of a crime beyond a reasonable doubt, the defendant must prove the defense of provocation, which is about the defendant's mental state.
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Concurrence
In Western jurisprudence, concurrence (also contemporaneity or simultaneity) is the apparent need to prove the simultaneous occurrence of both actus reus ("guilty action") and mens rea ("guilty mind"), to constitute a crime; except in crimes of strict liability.
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Consent (criminal law)
In criminal law, consent may be used as an excuse and prevent the defendant from incurring liability for what was done.
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Conspiracy against the United States
Conspiracy against the United States, or conspiracy to defraud the United States,§ 923,, U.S. Department of Justice's United States Attorneys' Manual.
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Conspiracy to defraud
Conspiracy to defraud is an offence under the common law of England and Wales and Northern Ireland.
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Conspiracy to murder
Conspiracy to murder is a statutory offence in England and Wales and Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.
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Copyright infringement
Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works.
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Corporate manslaughter
Corporate manslaughter is a crime in several jurisdictions, including England and Wales and Hong Kong.
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Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007
The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 (c. 19) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that seeks to broaden the law on corporate manslaughter in the United Kingdom.
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Corporate manslaughter in English law
Corporate manslaughter is a criminal offence in English law, being an act of homicide committed by a company or organisation.
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Corporate veil in the United Kingdom
The corporate veil in the United Kingdom is a metaphorical reference used in UK company law for the concept that the rights and duties of a corporation are, as a general principle, the responsibility of that company alone.
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Crime
In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority.
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Crime of passion
A crime of passion (French: crime passionnel), in popular usage, refers to a violent crime, especially homicide, in which the perpetrator commits the act against someone because of sudden strong impulse such as sudden rage rather than as a premeditated crime.
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Crime scene getaway
A crime scene getaway is the act of fleeing the location where one has broken the law.
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Crimes Act 1900
The Crimes Act 1900,.
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Criminal Copyright Law in the United States
Criminal copyright laws prohibit the unacknowledged use of another’s intellectual property for the purpose of financial gain.
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Criminal damage in English law
In English law, causing criminal damage was originally a common law offence.
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Criminal defenses
In the field of criminal law, there are a variety of conditions that will tend to negate elements of a crime (particularly the intent element), known as defenses.
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Criminal law
Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime.
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Criminal Law (Temporary Provisions) Act (Singapore)
The Criminal Law (Temporary Provisions) Act (often known by the abbreviation "CLTPA") is a Singapore statute that, among other things, allows the executive branch of the Government of Singapore to order that suspected criminals be detained without trial.
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Criminal law in the Marshall Court
The Marshall Court (1801–1835) heard forty-one criminal law cases, slightly more than one per year.
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Criminal law in the Waite Court
During the tenure of Morrison Waite as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (March 4, 1874 through March 23, 1888), the Supreme Court heard an unprecedented volume and frequency of criminal cases.
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Criminal law of Australia
The criminal law of Australia is the body of law made, recognised and applied in Australia that relates to crime.
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Criminal law of Canada
The criminal law of Canada is under the exclusive legislative jurisdiction of the Parliament of Canada.
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Criminal law of the United States
Responsibility for criminal law and criminal justice in the United States is shared between the states and the federal government.
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Criminal negligence
In criminal law, criminal negligence is a surrogate mens rea (Latin for "guilty mind") required to constitute a conventional as opposed to strict liability offense.
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Criminal possession of a weapon
Criminal possession of a weapon is the unlawful possession of a weapon by an individual.
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Criminal remedies for copyright infringement
Remedies for copyright infringement in the United States can be either civil or criminal in nature.
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Culpability
Culpability, or being culpable, is a measure of the degree to which an agent, such as a person, can be held morally or legally responsible for action and inaction.
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Culpable homicide
Culpable homicide is a categorisation of certain offences in various jurisdictions within the Commonwealth of Nations which involves the illegal killing of a person either with or without an intention to kill depending upon how a particular jurisdiction has defined the offence.
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Dangerous driving
In United Kingdom law, dangerous driving is a statutory offence.
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Death of Henry H. Bliss
The death of Henry H. Bliss (June 13, 1830 – September 14, 1899) was the first recorded case of a person being killed by a motor vehicle accident in the Western Hemisphere.
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Debtors' prison
A debtors' prison is a prison for people who are unable to pay debt.
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Designer drug
A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug, while avoiding classification as illegal and/or detection in standard drug tests.
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Dick Harris
Richard M. Harris (born September 6, 1944) is a Canadian politician.
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Digital forensics
Digital forensics (sometimes known as digital forensic science) is a branch of forensic science encompassing the recovery and investigation of material found in digital devices, often in relation to computer crime.
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Diminished responsibility in English law
In English law, diminished responsibility is one of the partial defences that reduce the offence from murder to manslaughter if successful (termed "voluntary" manslaughter for these purposes).
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Dishonest assistance
Dishonest assistance, or knowing assistance, is a type of third party liability under English trust law.
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Dishonesty
Dishonesty is to act without honesty.
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Disorderly conduct
Disorderly conduct is a crime in most jurisdictions in the United States, China, and Taiwan.
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DPP v Majewski
DPP v Majewski is a leading English criminal law case, establishing that voluntary intoxication is no defence to crimes requiring only basic intent, the mens rea requirement for these being satisfied by the reckless behaviour of intoxicating oneself.
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Drury v HM Advocate
Drury v. Her Majesty's Advocate is a Scottish criminal case heard before a full bench (five judges) of the High Court of Justiciary sitting as the Court of Criminal Appeal.
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Due diligence
Due diligence is an investigation of a business or person prior to signing a contract, or an act with a certain standard of care.
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Duress in American law
In jurisprudence, duress or coercion refers to a situation whereby a person performs an act as a result of violence, threat, or other pressure against the person.
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Element (criminal law)
Under United States law, an element of a crime (or element of an offense) is one of a set of facts that must all be proven to convict a defendant of a crime.
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Elonis v. United States
Elonis v. United States,, was a United States Supreme Court case concerning whether conviction of threatening another person over interstate lines (under 18 U.S.C. § 875(c)) requires proof of subjective intent to threaten, or whether it is enough to show that a “reasonable person” would regard the statement as threatening.
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English criminal law
English criminal law refers to the body of law in the jurisdiction of England and Wales which deals with crimes and their consequences, and which is complementary to the civil law of England and Wales.
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English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures.
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Environmental Protection Act 1990
The Environmental Protection Act 1990 (initialism: EPA) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that defines, within England and Wales and Scotland, the fundamental structure and authority for waste management and control of emissions into the environment.
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Excuse
In jurisprudence, an excuse is a defense to criminal charges that is distinct from an exculpation.
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Fact pattern
The term fact pattern indicates a set of facts which entail some legal consequence.
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Fagan v Metropolitan Police Commissioner
Fagan v Metropolitan Police Commissioner 1 QB 439, 3 All ER 442, 3 WLR 1120, 52 Cr App R 700, DC is a leading case that illustrates the requirement of concurrence (or coincidence) of actus reus (Latin for "guilty act") and mens rea (Latin for "guilty mind") in order to establish an offence under the criminal law of England and Wales.
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False statement
A false statement is a statement that is not true.
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False statements of fact
In United States constitutional law, false statements of fact are an exception from protection of free speech under the First Amendment.
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Fault (legal)
Fault, as a legal term, refers to legal blameworthiness and responsibility in each area of law.
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Federal prosecution of public corruption in the United States
Several statutes, mostly codified in Title 18 of the United States Code, provide for federal prosecution of public corruption in the United States.
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Felony murder rule
The rule of felony murder is a legal doctrine in some common law jurisdictions that broadens the crime of murder: when an offender kills (regardless of intent to kill) in the commission of a dangerous or enumerated crime (called a felony in some jurisdictions), the offender, and also the offender's accomplices or co-conspirators, may be found guilty of murder.
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Felony murder rule (Kentucky)
In the state of Kentucky, the common law felony murder rule has been completely abolished.
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Fence (criminal)
A fence, also known as a receiver, mover, moving man, or thiefspawn, is an individual who knowingly buys stolen goods in order to later resell them for profit.
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Fitness to plead
In the law of England and Wales, fitness to plead is the capacity of a defendant in criminal proceedings to comprehend the course of those proceedings.
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Fitzpatrick v Kelly
Fitzpatrick v. Kelly, L.R. 8 Q.B. 337 (1873), was an English case decided by the Queen's Bench that adopted a strict liability standard for violations of the Adulteration of Food Act (35 & 36 Vict. c. 74, s. 2 (1872)).
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Flores-Figueroa v. United States
Flores-Figueroa v. United States, 556 U.S. 646 (2009), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States, holding that the law enhancing the sentence for identity theft requires proof that an individual knew that the identity card or number he had used belonged to another, actual person.
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Forensic psychology
Forensic psychology is the intersection between psychology and the justice system.
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Francis v. Franklin
Francis v. Franklin, 471 U.S. 307 (1985), is a United States Supreme Court decision reaffirming due process principles elucidated in Sandstrom v. Montana, that the prosecution bears the burden of proof of establishing the mental element of intent.
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Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc.
Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc., 418 U.S. 323 (1974), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States established the standard of First Amendment protection against defamation claims brought by private individuals.
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Grievous bodily harm
Grievous bodily harm (often abbreviated to GBH) is a term used in English criminal law to describe the severest forms of assault.
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Guilt (emotion)
Guilt is a cognitive or an emotional experience that occurs when a person believes or realizes—accurately or not—that he or she has compromised his or her own standards of conduct or has violated a universal moral standard and bears significant responsibility for that violation.
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Handling stolen goods
Handling stolen goods is the name of a statutory offence in England and Wales and Northern Ireland.
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Hayes v R
Nicola Bronwyn Hayes v The Queen is a decision of the Supreme Court of New Zealand issued on 15 February 2008.
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He Kaw Teh v The Queen
He Kaw Teh v R,.
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Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974
The Health and Safety at Work etc.
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Health and safety crime in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom there are several crimes that arise from failure to take care of health, safety and welfare at work.
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Hendershott v. People
Hendershott v. People, Supreme Court of Colorado, 653 P.2d.
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Henry de Bracton
Henry of Bracton, also Henry de Bracton, also Henricus Bracton, or Henry Bratton also Henry Bretton (c. 1210 – c. 1268) was an English cleric and jurist.
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Henry Marshall Furman
Henry Marshall Furman was the first Presiding Judge of the Oklahoma Criminal Court of Appeals, now the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, and served as Presiding Judge from 1909 to 1916.
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Hill v Baxter
The case of Hill v Baxter concerns the issue of automatism in English law.
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Holloway v. United States
Holloway v. United States,, is a United States Supreme Court case in which the court addressed the issue of whether the federal carjacking law applies to crimes committed with the "conditional intent" of harming drivers who refuse a carjacker's demands.
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Homicide Act 1957
The Homicide Act 1957 (5 & 6 Eliz.2 c.11) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
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Homicide in English law
English law contains homicide offences – those acts involving the death of another person.
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How Some Children Played at Slaughtering
"How Some Children Played at Slaughtering" (German: Wie Kinder Schlachtens miteinander gespielt haben, also translated as "How children played slaughtering together") is a set of two short and rather gruesome anecdotes from Grimm's Fairy Tales.
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Human rights in Hong Kong
Human rights protection is enshrined in the Basic Law and its Bill of Rights Ordinance (Cap.383).
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Ignorantia juris non excusat
Ignorantia juris non excusatBlack's Law Dictionary, 5th Edition, pg.
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Imputation (law)
In law, the principle of imputation or attribution underpins the concept that ignorantia juris non excusat—ignorance of the law does not excuse.
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Inchoate offences in English law
Inchoate offences in English law are offences in England and Wales that cover illegal acts which have yet to be committed, primarily attempts to commit crimes, incitement to commit crimes (edit not applicable to incitement which was overruled by the Serious Crimes Act 2007), and conspiracy to commit crimes.
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Inchoate offense
An inchoate offense, preliminary crime, inchoate crime or incomplete crime is a crime of preparing for or seeking to commit another crime.
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Incitement
In criminal law, incitement is the encouragement of another person to commit a crime.
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Indecent assault
Indecent assault is an offence of aggravated assault in some common law-based jurisdictions.
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Index of criminology articles
Articles related to criminology and law enforcement.
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Index of law articles
This collection of lists of law topics collects the names of topics related to law.
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Index of philosophy articles (I–Q)
No description.
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Insanity
Insanity, craziness, or madness is a spectrum of both group and individual behaviors characterized by certain abnormal mental or behavioral patterns.
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Insanity defense
The insanity defense, also known as the mental disorder defense, is a defense by excuse in a criminal case, arguing that the defendant is not responsible for his or her actions due to an episodic or persistent psychiatric disease at the time of the criminal act.
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Insanity in English law
Insanity in English law is a defence to criminal charges based on the idea that the defendant was unable to understand what he was doing, or, that he was unable to understand that what he was doing was wrong.
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Intellectual disability
Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability, and mental retardation (MR), is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.
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Intent (disambiguation)
Intent or intention refers an agent's specific purpose in performing an action or series of actions.
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Intention (criminal law)
In criminal law, intent is one of three general classes of mens rea necessary to constitute a conventional, as opposed to strict liability, crime.
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Intention in English law
In English criminal law, intention is one of the types of mens rea (Latin for "guilty mind") that, when accompanied by an actus reus (Latin for "guilty act"), constitutes a crime.
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Intentional infliction of emotional distress
Intentional infliction of emotional distress (IIED; sometimes called the tort of outrage) is a common law tort that allows individuals to recover for severe emotional distress caused by another individual who intentionally or recklessly inflicted emotional distress by behaving in an "extreme and outrageous" way.
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Intoxication in English law
Intoxication in English law is a circumstance which may alter the capacity of a defendant to form mens rea, where a charge is one of specific intent, or may entirely negate mens rea where the intoxication is involuntary.
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Iwuchukwu Amara Tochi
Iwuchukwu Amara Tochi (1985 –26 January 2007) was a Nigerian national convicted of drug trafficking in Singapore.
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Jamieson v HM Advocate
Jamieson v HM Advocate is a notable legal case which established a precedent in Scotland which held that a man does not commit rape where he honestly, albeit unreasonably, believes his victim is consenting.
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Jerome Hall
Jerome Hall (February 4, 1901 – March 2, 1992) was an American legal scholar and academic.
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Joint criminal enterprise
Joint criminal enterprise (JCE) is a legal doctrine used during war crimes tribunals to allow the prosecution of members of a group for the actions of the group.
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Justification and excuse
Justification and excuse are different defenses in a criminal case.
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Kevin de León
Kevin Alexander Leon (born December 10, 1966), known professionally as Kevin de León, is an American politician who is a candidate in the United States Senate election in California, 2018.
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Killing of Tim McLean
The killing of Tim McLean occurred on the evening of July 30, 2008.
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Knowledge (legal construct)
In law, knowledge is one of the degrees of mens rea that constitute part of a crime.
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Lambert v. California
Lambert v. California,, was a United States Supreme Court case regarding the defense of ignorance of the law when there is no legal notice.
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Larceny
Larceny is a crime involving the unlawful taking of the personal property of another person or business.
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Law
Law is a system of rules that are created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior.
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Law of Bhutan
The law of Bhutan derives mainly from legislation and treaties.
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Laws regarding rape
Rape is a type of sexual assault initiated by one or more persons against another person without that person's consent.
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Legal writing
Legal writing is a type of technical writing used by lawyers, judges, legislators, and others in law to express legal analysis and legal rights and duties.
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Leocal v. Ashcroft
Leocal v. Ashcroft,, held that aliens may not be deported after being convicted of DUI if the DUI statute that defines the offense does not contain a mens rea element or otherwise allows a conviction for merely negligent conduct.
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Lewis v R
Lewis v R, 2 S.C.R. 821 is a famous decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the relevance of motive in a criminal trial.
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Liability insurance
Liability insurance is a part of the general insurance system of risk financing to protect the purchaser (the "insured") from the risks of liabilities imposed by lawsuits and similar claims.
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List of Latin legal terms
A number of Latin terms are used in legal terminology and legal maxims.
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List of Latin phrases (A)
Additional references.
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List of Latin phrases (M)
Additional sources.
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List of murder laws by country
This is a list of the laws of murder by country.
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List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Dickson Court)
This is a chronological list of notable cases decided by the Supreme Court of Canada from Brian Dickson's appointment as Chief Justice on April 18, 1984 to his retirement on June 30, 1990.
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List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Lamer Court)
This is a chronological list of notable cases decided by the Supreme Court of Canada from appointment of Antonio Lamer as Chief Justice of Canada to his retirement.
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List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Richards Court through Fauteux Court)
This is a chronological list of notable cases decided by the Supreme Court of Canada from the formation of the Court in 1875 to the retirement of Gérald Fauteux in 1973.
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List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Burger Court
This is a partial chronological list of cases decided by the United States Supreme Court during the Burger Court, the tenure of Chief Justice Warren Earl Burger from June 23, 1969 through September 26, 1986.
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List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rehnquist Court
This is a partial chronological list of cases decided by the United States Supreme Court during the Rehnquist Court, the tenure of Chief Justice William Rehnquist from September 26, 1986 through September 3, 2005.
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List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Warren Court
This is a partial chronological list of cases decided by the United States Supreme Court during Warren Court, the tenure of Chief Justice Earl Warren from October 5, 1953 through June 23, 1969.
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Lists of landmark court decisions
Landmark court decisions, in present-day common law legal systems, establish precedents that determine a significant new legal principle or concept, or otherwise substantially affect the interpretation of existing law.
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M'Naghten rules
The M'Naghten rule (pronounced, and sometimes spelled, McNaughton) is any variant of the 1840s jury instruction in a criminal case when there is a defense of insanity: The rule was formulated as a reaction to the acquittal in 1843 of Daniel M'Naghten on the charge of murdering Edward Drummond, whom M'Naghten had mistaken for British Prime Minister Robert Peel.
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Madhavan Nair v Public Prosecutor
Madhavan Nair & Anor.
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Making false statements
Making false statements is the common name for the United States federal crime laid out in Section 1001 of Title 18 of the United States Code, which generally prohibits knowingly and willfully making false or fraudulent statements, or concealing information, in "any matter within the jurisdiction" of the federal government of the United States, even by merely denying guilt when asked by a federal agent.
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Malice (law)
Malice is a legal term referring to a party's intention to do injury to another party.
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Malice aforethought
Malice aforethought was the "premeditation" or "predetermination" (with malice) that was required as an element of some crimes in some jurisdictions, citing, West's Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2.
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Malicious Damage Act 1861
The Malicious Damage Act 1861 (24 & 25 Vict c 97) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (as it then was).
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Manslaughter
Manslaughter is a common law legal term for homicide considered by law as less culpable than murder.
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Manslaughter (United States law)
Manslaughter is a crime in the United States.
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Manslaughter in English law
In the English law of homicide, manslaughter is a less serious offence than murder, the differential being between levels of fault based on the mens rea (Latin for "guilty mind") or by reason of a partial defence.
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Marcia Baron
Marcia Baron is the Rudy Professor of Philosophy at Indiana University Bloomington.
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Mental health law
Mental health law includes a wide variety of legal topics and pertain to people with a diagnosis or possible diagnosis of a mental health condition, and to those involved in managing or treating such people.
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Mental status examination
The mental status examination or mental state examination (MSE) is an important part of the clinical assessment process in psychiatric practice.
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Mistake (criminal law)
A mistake of fact may sometimes mean that, while a person has committed the physical element of an offence, because they were labouring under a mistake of fact, they never formed the required mens rea, and so will escape liability for offences that require mens rea.
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Mistake (English law)
Mistake is a concept in both contract law and criminal law in English Law.
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Mitigating factor
In United States criminal law, a mitigating factor is any information or evidence presented to the court regarding the defendant or the circumstances of the crime that might result in reduced charges or a lesser sentence.
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Model Penal Code
The Model Penal Code (MPC) is a text designed to stimulate and assist U.S. state legislatures to update and standardize the penal law of the United States of America.
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Momčilo Krajišnik
Momčilo Krajišnik (born 20 January 1945) is a former Bosnian Serb political leader, who along with Radovan Karadžić co-founded the Bosnian Serb nationalist Serb Democratic Party (SDS).
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Moral agency
Moral agency is an individual's ability to make moral judgments based on some notion of right and wrong and to be held accountable for these actions.
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Morissette v. United States
Morissette v. United States,, is a U.S. Supreme Court case, relevant to the legal topic of criminal intent.
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Motive (law)
A motive, in law, especially criminal law, is the cause that moves people to induce a certain action.
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Murder
Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human being with malice aforethought.
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Murder (Australian law)
In Australia, murder, like most criminal law, is defined by State legislation.
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Murder in English law
Murder is an offence under the common law of England and Wales.
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Murder of Jane Longhurst
Special needs teacher Jane Longhurst was murdered by Graham Coutts on 14 March 2003.
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Murder–suicide
A murder–suicide is an act in which an individual kills one or more other persons before killing themselves.
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Negligence
Negligence (Lat. negligentia) is a failure to exercise appropriate and or ethical ruled care expected to be exercised amongst specified circumstances.
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Negligence per se
Negligence per se is a doctrine in US law whereby an act is considered negligent because it violates a statute (or regulation).
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Neil Gorsuch
Neil McGill Gorsuch (born August 29, 1967) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
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Neuroethics
Neuroethics refers to two related fields of study: what the philosopher Adina Roskies has called the ethics of neuroscience, and the neuroscience of ethics.
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Nicholas Conyngham Tindal
Sir Nicholas Conyngham Tindal, PC (12 December 1776 – 6 July 1846) was a celebrated English lawyer who successfully defended the then Queen of the United Kingdom, Caroline of Brunswick, at her trial for adultery in 1820.
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Non-fatal offences against the person in English law
Non-fatal offences against the person, under English law, are generally taken to mean offences which take the form of an attack directed at another person, that do not result in the death of any person.
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Northington v. State
Northington v. State, 413 So.2d 1169 (1981), was a case decided by the Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama that reversed a conviction for murder on the basis that depraved heart murder requires a universal malice directed towards human life in general rather than malice directed towards a specific individual.
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O'Grady v Sparling
O'Grady v Sparling was a landmark Supreme Court of Canada decision on the constitutionality of overlapping federal and provincial laws.
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Ocasio v. United States
Ocasio v. United States,, was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court clarified whether the Hobbs Act's definition of conspiracy to commit extortion only includes attempts to acquire property from someone who is not a member of the conspiracy.
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Omission (law)
An omission is a failure to act, which generally attracts different legal consequences from positive conduct.
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Ostrich instruction
The ostrich instruction is a jury instruction that the requirement of knowledge to establish a guilty mind (mens rea), is satisfied by deliberate ignorance - deliberate avoidance of knowledge.
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Outline of criminal justice
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to criminal justice: Criminal justice – system of practices and institutions of governments directed at upholding social control, deterring and mitigating crime, or sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts.
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Outline of psychiatry
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to psychiatry: Psychiatry – medical specialty devoted to the study and treatment of mental disorders.
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Pappajohn v R
Pappajohn v R, 2 S.C.R. 120 is a famous Supreme Court of Canada decision on the criminal defence of mistake of fact.
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Patterson v. New York
Patterson v. New York,, is a legal case heard by the United States Supreme Court regarding the constitutionality under the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause of burdening a defendant with proving the affirmative defense of extreme emotional disturbance as defined by New York law.
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People v. Aaron
People v. Aaron, 299 N.W.2d 304 (1980), was a case decided by the Michigan Supreme Court that abandoned the felony-murder rule in that state.
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People v. Berry
People v. Berry is a voluntary manslaughter case that is widely taught in American law schools for the appellate courts unusual interpretation of heat of passion doctrine.
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People v. Ireland
People v. Ireland, 70 Cal.2d 522 (1969), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of California that first introduced the merger doctrine in that state.
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People v. Newton
People v. Newton, 8 Cal.
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Per minas
Per minas, in British common law, to engage in behavior "by means of menaces or threats".
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Perjury
Perjury is the intentional act of swearing a false oath or falsifying an affirmation to tell the truth, whether spoken or in writing, concerning matters a generation material to an official proceeding.
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Perjury in Nigeria
Perjury is the name of an offence under the Criminal Code (which is applicable in the Southern states of Nigeria).
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Personation
Personation (rather than ''im''personation) is a primarily-legal term, meaning 'to assume the identity of another person with intent to deceive'.
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Philosophy of law
Philosophy of law is a branch of philosophy and jurisprudence that seeks to answer basic questions about law and legal systems, such as "What is law?", "What are the criteria for legal validity?", "What is the relationship between law and morality?", and many other similar questions.
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Physical proximity doctrine
The physical proximity doctrine is a standard in criminal law for distinguishing between preparation and attempt.
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Piercing the corporate veil
Piercing the corporate veil or lifting the corporate veil is a legal decision to treat the rights or duties of a corporation as the rights or liabilities of its shareholders.
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Political activities of the Koch brothers
The political activities of the Koch brothers include the financial and political influence of Charles G. and David H. Koch on United States politics.
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Political defense
A political defense is a defense to a criminal charge in which the defendant asserts at trial the political motivations behind the allegedly criminal conduct.
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Ponzi scheme
A Ponzi scheme (also a Ponzi game) is a form of fraud in which a purported businessman lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors using funds obtained from newer investors.
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Posen speeches
The Posen speeches were two secret speeches made by Heinrich Himmler, the head of the SS, on 4 and 6 October 1943 in the town hall of Posen (Poznań), in German-occupied Poland.
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Postpositive adjective
A postpositive or postnominal adjective is an attributive adjective that is placed after the noun or pronoun that it modifies.
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Precedent
In common law legal systems, a precedent, or authority, is a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts.
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Protection of Children Act 1978
The Protection of Children Act 1978 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that criminalized indecent photographs of children.
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Provocation (legal)
Provocation is a set of events that might be adequate to cause a reasonable person to lose self control, whereby a criminal act is less morally culpable than a premeditated act done out of pure malice (malice aforethought).
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Provocation in English law
In English law, provocation was a mitigatory defence alleging a total loss of control as a response to another's provocative conduct sufficient to convert what would otherwise have been murder into manslaughter.
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Public-order crime
In criminology, public-order crime is defined by Siegel (2004) as "crime which involves acts that interfere with the operations of society and the ability of people to function efficiently", i.e., it is behaviour that has been labelled criminal because it is contrary to shared norms, social values, and customs.
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R v Anglian Water Services Ltd
R v Anglian Water Services Ltd EWCA Crim 2243 is a UK enterprise law case, concerning water in the UK.
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R v Burgess
R v Burgess 2 QB 92 is a decision of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales that found sleepwalking as insane automatism.
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R v Canadian Dredge & Dock Co
R v Canadian Dredge & Dock Co is a landmark Supreme Court of Canada decision on corporate liability where the Court adopted the English identification doctrine for liability, which states that culpability for acts and mental states of a corporation can be represented by employees and officers on the basis that they are the "directing mind" of the corporate entity.
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R v Chaulk
R v Chaulk, 3 SCR 1303 is a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the interpretation and constitutionality of section 16(4) of the Criminal Code, which provides for a mental disorder defence.
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R v Creighton
R v Creighton, 3 S.C.R. 3 is a landmark case from the Supreme Court of Canada where the Court found that the standard for criminal liability for some offences can be lowered and not offend the Charter.
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R v Cunningham
Regina v. Cunningham, 41 Crim.
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R v Daviault
R v Daviault 3 S.C.R. 63, is a Supreme Court of Canada decision on the availability of the defence of intoxication for "general intent" criminal offences.
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R v DeSousa
R v DeSousa 1992 2 S.C.R. 944, is the Supreme Court of Canada case where the Court determined the Constitutionally required level for mens rea for the charge of "unlawfully causing bodily harm".
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R v Dixon
Rex v. Dixon, 3 M. & S. 11 (K.B. 1814), was a case decided by the King's Bench that held that a person could not be convicted of selling impure foods unless he knew of the impurities.
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R v Faulkner
Regina v. Faulkner, 13 Cox CC 550 (1877), was a case tried before the Court for Crown Cases Reserved holding that the mens rea for committing one criminal act does not necessarily transfer to all possible consequences of that act.
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R v George
R v George, 1960 S.C.R. 871 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada on different degrees of mens rea.
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R v Hancock
R v Hancock UKHL 9 is an English legal decision of the House of Lords setting out the relationship between foresight of consequences and intention in cases of murder.
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R v Hess; R v Nguyen
R v Hess; R v Nguyen, 2 S.C.R. 906 is a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada where the Court struck down part of the Criminal Code offence of rape as a violation of section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
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R v Hibbert
R v Hibbert, 2 SCR 973, is a Supreme Court of Canada decision on aiding and abetting and the defence of duress in criminal law.
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R v Hinks
R v Hinks is an English case heard by the House of Lords on appeal from the Court of Appeal of England and Wales.
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R v Hundal
R v Hundal 1 S.C.R. 867, is one of several landmark Supreme Court of Canada cases where the court showed its first signs of moving away from the strict requirement for subjectively proven mens rea in criminal offences.
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R v Hydro-Québec
R v Hydro-Québec, 3 S.C.R. 213 is a leading constitutional decision of the Supreme Court of Canada.
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R v Jogee
was a 2016 judgment of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom that reversed previous case law on joint enterprise.
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R v Jorgensen
R v Jorgensen, 4 S.C.R. 55 is a Supreme Court of Canada decision on the knowledge requirement for criminal offences.
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R v Latimer
R v Latimer, 1 SCR 3 was a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada in the controversial case of Robert Latimer, a Saskatchewan farmer convicted of murdering his disabled daughter Tracy Latimer.
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R v Leary
R v Leary, 1 S.C.R. 29, is the leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on the use of intoxication as an excuse to criminal liability which created what is known as the "Leary rule".
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R v Martineau
R v Martineau, 2 SCR 633 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada case on the mens rea requirement for murder.
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R v Miller
R v Miller 1982 UKHL 6 is an English criminal law case demonstrating how actus reus can be interpreted to be not only an act, but a failure to act.
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R v Nedrick
R v Nedrick (Ransford Delroy) (1986) 8 Cr. App. R. (S.) 179 is an English criminal law case dealing with mens rea.
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R v Prince
Regina v. Prince, L.R. 2 C.C.R. 154 (1875), was an English case that held the mens rea necessary for criminal liability should be required for the elements central to the wrongfulness of the act, and that strict liability should apply to the other elements of the statute.
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R v Richards
Regina v Richards, 1 Q.B. 776, was an English case decided by the Queen's Bench that held that an accomplice to an assault cannot be convicted of a more serious offense than the principal even if the accomplice had the mens rea necessary for the more serious offense.
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R v Sault Ste-Marie (City of)
R v Sault Ste-Marie (City of) 2 SCR 1299 is a Supreme Court of Canada case where the Court defines the three types of offences that exist in Canadian criminal law and further defines the justification for "public welfare" offences.
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R v Savage
R v Savage UKHL 1 is a House of Lords case in English law on establishing mens rea of assault.
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R v Spencer
R v Spencer is a Canadian constitutional law decision of the Supreme Court of Canada, concerning search and seizure law under section 8 of the ''Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. At issue was whether the police could request subscriber information associated with an IP address from an Internet service provider, on a voluntary basis under the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, and without prior judicial authorisation.
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R v Steane
R v Steane 1947 KB 997 is a case decided by the English Court of Criminal Appeal on appeal from the Central Criminal Court examining the nature of intent in establishing criminal liability.
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R v Stevens
R v Stevens, 1 S.C.R. 1153, was a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada rendered on June 30, 1988, concerning the retrospective application of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
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R v Tutton
R v Tutton, 1 S.C.R. 1392 was a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the mens rea requirements for criminal offences related to manslaughter.
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R v Vaillancourt
R v Vaillancourt, 2 S.C.R. 636, is a landmark case from the Supreme Court of Canada on the constitutionality of the Criminal Code concept of "constructive murder".
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R v Woodrow
Regina v. Woodrow, 15 M. & W. 404 (Exch. 1846) was a case decided by the English Court of Exchequer Chamber that first adopted a strict liability standard for the criminal offense of selling impure foods.
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R v Woollin
R v Woollin is a case in English criminal law, in which the subject of intention within mens rea was examined and refined.
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Rea
REA or Rea may refer to.
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Rebuttable presumption
Both in common law and in civil law, a rebuttable presumption (in Latin, praesumptio iuris tantum) is an assumption made by a court, one that is taken to be true unless someone comes forward to contest it and prove otherwise.
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Recklessness (law)
In criminal law and in the law of tort, recklessness may be defined as the state of mind where a person deliberately and unjustifiably pursues a course of action while consciously disregarding any risks flowing from such action.
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Regulatory offence
A regulatory offence or quasi-criminal offence is a class of crime in which the standard for proving culpability has been lowered so a mens rea (Latin for "guilty mind") element is not required.
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Res ipsa loquitur
In the common law of torts, res ipsa loquitur (Latin for "the thing speaks for itself") is a doctrine that infers negligence from the very nature of an accident or injury in the absence of direct evidence on how any defendant behaved.
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Respondeat superior
Respondeat superior (Latin: "let the master answer"; plural: respondeant superiores) is a doctrine that a party is responsible for (has vicarious liability for) acts of their agents.
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Riot
A riot is a form of civil disorder commonly characterized by a group lashing out in a violent public disturbance against authority, property or people.
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Robert Mulka
Robert Karl Ludwig Mulka (12 April 1895, Hamburg – 26 April 1969, Hamburg) was an SS-Obersturmführer.
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Ronald Appleton
Ronald Appleton, Queen's Counsel, (born 29 December 1927) is the former chief crown prosecutor (Senior Crown Counsel) for Northern Ireland, a post he held for 22 years, a period that spanned the Northern Ireland 'Troubles'.
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Rose Heilbron
Dame Rose Heilbron DBE QC (19 August 1914 – 8 December 2005) was an outstanding English barrister of the post-war period in the United Kingdom.
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S v Combrink
S v Combrink is an important case in South African law, heard in the Supreme Court of Appeal by Brand JA, Ponnan JA and Shongwe JA on May 25, 2011, with judgment handed down on June 23.
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Sandstrom v. Montana
Sandstrom v. Montana, 442 U.S. 510 (1979), is a United States Supreme Court case that reaffirmed the prosecution's burden of proof of the mental element of a crime by striking down a jury instruction that "the law presumes that a person intends the ordinary consequences of his voluntary acts".
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Scienter
Scienter is a legal term that refers to intent or knowledge of wrongdoing.
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Seaman's Manslaughter Statute
The Seaman's Manslaughter Statute, codified at, criminalizes misconduct or negligence that result in deaths involving vessels (ships and boats) on waters in the jurisdiction of the United States.
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Section 12 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 12 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, as part of the Constitution of Canada, is a legal rights section that protects an individual's freedom from cruel and unusual punishments in Canada.
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Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a constitutional provision that protects an individual's autonomy and personal legal rights from actions of the government in Canada.
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Section 91(27) of the Constitution Act, 1867
Section 91(27) of the Constitution Act, 1867, also known as the criminal law power, grants the Parliament of Canada the authority to legislate on.
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Sedition Act 1948
The Sedition Act 1948 (Akta Hasutan 1948) in Malaysia is a law prohibiting discourse deemed as seditious.
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Self-defence in English law
Self-defence is a legal doctrine which says that a person may use reasonable force in the defence of themself or another.
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Shadrake v Attorney-General
Shadrake Alan v. Attorney-General is a 2011 judgment of the Court of Appeal of Singapore that clarified the law relating to the offence of scandalizing the court.
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Slave Pit Inc.
Slave Pit Inc. is the artist collective, production company and independent record label created for releasing projects by Gwar and related side projects such as Mensrea and Locus Factor.
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South African criminal law
South African criminal law is the bodies of national laws relating to crimes ans statisice in South Africa and South of Asia.
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State v. Dumlao
State v. Dumlao is a 1986 criminal Hawaii Intermediate Court of Appeals case appealing a murder conviction on the ground that the court's decision to not issue a jury instruction for voluntary manslaughter based on extreme emotional disturbance was a reversible error.
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Statutory interpretation
Statutory interpretation is the process by which courts interpret and apply legislation.
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Strict liability
In criminal and civil law, strict liability is a standard of liability under which a person is legally responsible for the consequences flowing from an activity even in the absence of fault or criminal intent on the part of the defendant.
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Strict liability (criminal)
In criminal law, strict liability is liability for which mens rea (Latin for "guilty mind") does not have to be proven in relation to one or more elements comprising the actus reus (Latin for "guilty act") although intention, recklessness or knowledge may be required in relation to other elements of the offense.
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Superior orders
Superior orders, often known as the Nuremberg defense, lawful orders or by the German phrase Befehl ist Befehl ("an order is an order"), is a plea in a court of law that a person—whether a member of the military, law enforcement, a firefighting force, or the civilian population—not be held guilty for actions ordered by a superior officer or an official.
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Sweet v Parsley
Sweet v Parsley was an English criminal law case where the defendant landlady of a farmhouse (which was let to students and which she visited infrequently) was charged under a 1965 Act "of having been concerned in the management of premises used for smoking cannabis".
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Tax noncompliance
Tax noncompliance is a range of activities that are unfavorable to a state's tax system.
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Tax protester
A tax protester is someone who refuses to pay a tax claiming that the tax laws are unconstitutional or otherwise invalid.
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Tax protester conspiracy arguments
Tax protesters in the United States advance a number of conspiracy arguments asserting that Congress, the courts and various agencies within the federal government—primarily the Internal Revenue Service (IRS)—are involved in a deception deliberately designed to procure from individuals or entities their wealth or profits in contravention of law.
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Terroristic threat
A terroristic threat is a threat to commit a crime of violence or a threat to cause bodily injury to another person and terrorization as the result of the proscribed conduct.
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Texas Penal Code
The Texas Penal Code is the principal criminal code of the State of Texas.
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Theft
In common usage, theft is the taking of another person's property or services without that person's permission or consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it.
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Theft Act 1978
The Theft Act 1978 (c 31) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
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Theft by finding
Theft by finding occurs when someone chances upon an object which seems abandoned and takes possession of the object but fails to take steps to establish whether the object is genuinely abandoned and not merely lost or unattended.
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Thoughtcrime
A thoughtcrime is an Orwellian neologism used to describe an illegal thought.
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Timeline of disability rights outside the United States
This disability rights timeline lists events outside the United States relating to the civil rights of people with disabilities, including court decisions, the passage of legislation, activists' actions, significant abuses of people with disabilities that illustrate their lack of civil rights at the time, and the founding of various organizations.
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Torture
Torture (from the Latin tortus, "twisted") is the act of deliberately inflicting physical or psychological pain in order to fulfill some desire of the torturer or compel some action from the victim.
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Trade Descriptions Act 1968
The Trade Descriptions Act 1968 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which prevents manufacturers, retailers or service industry providers from misleading consumers as to what they are spending their money on.
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Transferred intent
Transferred intent (or transferred malice in English law) is a legal doctrine that holds that, when the intention to harm one individual inadvertently causes a second person to be hurt instead, the perpetrator is still held responsible.
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Treasons Act 1534
The Treasons Act 1534 (26 Hen. 8. c. 13) was an Act passed by the Parliament of England in 1534, during the reign of King Henry VIII.
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Trojan horse defense
The Trojan horse defense is a technologically based take on the classic SODDI defense, believed to have surfaced in the UK in 2003.
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Twinsectra Ltd v Yardley
is a leading case in English trusts law.
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Twitter Joke Trial
R v Paul Chambers (appealed to the High Court as Chambers v Director of Public Prosecutions), popularly known as the Twitter Joke Trial, was a United Kingdom legal case centred on the conviction of a man under the Communications Act 2003 for posting a joke about destroying an airport to Twitter, a message which police regarded as "menacing".
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Ultimate issue (law)
An ultimate issue in criminal law is a legal issue at stake in the prosecution of a crime for which an expert witness is providing testimony.
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United Kingdom company law
The United Kingdom company law regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act 2006.
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United States defamation law
The origins of the United States' defamation laws pre-date the American Revolution; one influential case in 1734 involved John Peter Zenger and established precedent that "The Truth" is an absolute defense against charges of libel.
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United States v. Behrman
United States v. Behrman,, was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a violation of the Harrison Narcotics Act did not require a mens rea element and was thus a strict liability crime.
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United States v. Crimmins
United States v. Crimmins, 123 F.2d 271 (2d Cir. 1941) was a case before the U.S. Second Circuit Court of Appeals about conspiracy to transport stolen securities in interstate commerce § 415, Title 18, U.S.C.A. John D. Crimmins, a lawyer practicing in Syracuse, New York, was convicted for his part in a conspiracy where he bought stolen securities from a confederate who also lived in New York.
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United States v. Giovanetti
United States v. Giovanetti, 919 F.2d 1223 (7th Cir. 1990), is a criminal case that interpreted the jury instruction known as the ostrich instruction, that willful ignorance counted as knowledge where required for a guilty mind (mens rea) in complicity to commit a crime.
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United States v. Peoni
United States v. Peoni, 100 F.2d 401 (2d Cir. 1938), was a criminal case that the prosecution must establish that the mental state (mens rea) of an accomplice to a crime include a purpose to aid or encourage, and thereby facilitate the criminal conduct of the principal.
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United States v. United States Gypsum Co.
United States v. United States Gypsum Co. was a patent–antitrust case in which the United States Supreme Court decided, first, in 1948, that a patent licensing program that fixed prices of many licensees and regimented an entire industry violated the antitrust laws, and then, decided in 1950, after a remand, that appropriate relief in such cases did not extend so far as to permit licensees enjoying a compulsory, reasonable–royalty license to challenge the validity of the licensed patents.
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United States v. Weitzenhoff
United States v. Weitzenhoff, 35 F.3d 1275 (9th Cir. 1993) is a legal opinion from the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals that addresses the confusing mens rea requirement of a federal environmental law that imposed criminal sanctions on certain polluters.
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Vehicular homicide
Vehicular homicide is a crime that involves the death of a person other than the driver as a result of either criminally negligent or murderous operation of a motor vehicle.
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Vicarious liability (criminal)
The legal principle of vicarious liability applies to hold one person liable for the actions of another when engaged in some form of joint or collective activity.
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Vicarious liability in English law
Vicarious liability in English law is a doctrine of English tort law that imposes strict liability on employers for the wrongdoings of their employees.
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Violent disorder
Violent disorder is a statutory offence in England and Wales.
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Voisine v. United States
Voisine v. United States,, was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban in U.S. federal law extends to those convicted of reckless domestic violence.
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Whitehouse v Lemon
Whitehouse v Lemon is a 1977 court case involving the blasphemy law in the United Kingdom.
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Willful violation
In the North American legal justice system and in US Occupational Safety and Health regulations, willful violation (also called 'willful non-compliance') is an "act done voluntarily with either an intentional disregard of, or plain indifference to," the requirements of Acts, regulations, statutes or relevant workplace policies.
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William Cranch
William Cranch (July 17, 1769 – September 1, 1855) was an American attorney and judge.
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Zemiology
Zemiology is the study of social harms.
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1934 in the United States
Events from the year 1934 in the United States.
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2007 Boston Mooninite panic
The 2007 Boston Mooninite panic occurred on Wednesday, January 31, 2007, after the Boston Police Department and the Boston Fire Department mistakenly identified battery-powered LED placards depicting the Mooninites, characters from the Adult Swim animated television series Aqua Teen Hunger Force, as improvised explosive devices.
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2009 Vítkov arson attack
The Vítkov arson attack occurred during the night of 18 / 19 April 2009.
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Redirects here:
Guilty mind, Indictment Consideration, Men's rea, Menas rea, Mens Rea, Mensrea.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mens_rea
