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Metaphysics

Index Metaphysics

Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of being, existence, and reality. [1]

2011 relations: 'Pataphysics, A Bad Case of Stripes, A Dweller on Two Planets, A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful, A posteriori necessity, A priori and a posteriori, A Sea Symphony, A Shia Anthology, A Syntopicon: An Index to The Great Ideas, A. C. Grayling, A. J. Ayer, A. W. Moore (philosopher), A. W. Yrjänä, A.K. Brohi, Abba Mari, Abbas Kiarostami, Abhidharma, Abortion debate, About Time (book), Abraham Van Helsing, Absolute (philosophy), Absolute idealism, Abstract and concrete, Abstract object theory, Abstract particulars, Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri, Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī, Accessibility relation, Achille Varzi (philosopher), Actus Essendi, Ada Lovelace, Adam Ignacy Zabellewicz, Adam Smith, Adam Weishaupt, Addison Webster Moore, Adela Cortina, Adelphi Theatre (New York City), Adi Shankara, Adolph Stöhr, Adriaan Heereboord, Adriano Tilgher (philosopher), Advaita Vedanta, Aenesidemus, Aesthetic Theory, Aethyr, Affirmative prayer, African philosophy, Afterlife, Ajay Ahuja (businessman), Al-Farabi, ..., Al-Hilli, Al-Kindi, Albert Wijuk Kojałowicz, Aletheia, Alex Mathew, Alexander Bain, Alexander Campbell Fraser, Alexander Dobrokhotov, Alexander Nehamas, Alexander of Aphrodisias, Alexander of Hales, Alexander Pruss, Alexander Pushkin, Alexander Scriabin, Alexandra Powers, Alexandre Koyré, Alexandrian school, Alexandru Macedonski, Alfonso Gómez-Lobo, Alfred Adler, Alfred Edward Taylor, Alfred North Whitehead, Algebraic logic, Algis Uždavinys, Alice De Wolf Kellogg, All Religions are One, Allan Gibbard, Almendra (Almendra album), Altazor, Alternate Realities (Cherryh), Alto Rhapsody, Alvin Langdon Coburn, Alvin Plantinga, Amanda Prantera, Amie Thomasson, Amin Kamil, Analogy of the sun, Analytic philosophy, Analytical feminism, Ananda Coomaraswamy, Ananda Marga, Anatol E. Baconsky, Anaximander, Anaximenes of Miletus, Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient literature, Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis, Ancient Rome and wine, Anders Vilhelm Lundstedt, Andrés Ortiz-Osés, Andreas Jaszlinszky, Andrei Tarkovsky, Andrew Pyle (philosopher), Andrzej Grzegorczyk, Andy Clark, Anelia Pavlova, Angelo Bagnasco, Angelo Pirotta, Anglican eucharistic theology, Anil Gupta (philosopher), Animal Man (comic book), Animal symbolicum, Anita Avramides, Anita Spinelli, Anjan Chakravartty, Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea, Anselm of Canterbury, Anthony Ludovici, Anthony Nuttall, Anthony of the Mother of God, Anthony Quinton, Anti-foundationalism, Anti-Judaism, Antihumanism, Antireductionism, Antireligion, Antoine Arnauld, Anton Kržan, Anton Wilhelm Amo, Antoni Lange, Antonio Gramsci, Antonio Rosmini, Antonio Roybal, Anwar Shah Kashmiri, Apollo, Aporia, Appearance and Reality, Arabic literature, Arabs, Archibald Alexander Hodge, Arden Shakespeare, Argentine literature, Arindam Chakrabarti, Aristotle, Arnold Ehret, Arran Gare, Arthur Collier, Arthur Peacocke, Arthur Schopenhauer, Arthur Worthington, Artificial intelligence in fiction, As I Lay Dying, Asher Wade, Ashtar (extraterrestrial being), Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, Astral projection, Astrology and astronomy, Atheism, Atheistic existentialism, Athir al-Din al-Abhari, August Dorner, Augustan literature, Augustan prose, Auguste Comte, Augustine of Hippo, Augusto Del Noce, Aura (paranormal), Autonomy, Avicenna, Axel Hägerström, Axiarchism, Ayn Rand, Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical, Ayyavazhi rituals, Azrael (comics), Ákos Pauler, Édouard Berth, Édouard Le Roy, Émile Durkheim, Émile Lasbax, Éric Weil, Étienne Gilson, Étienne Vacherot, Øystein Linnebo, Ājīvika, Śramaṇa, Bachir Boumaaza, Bahá'í Faith and the unity of religion, Balance (metaphysics), Bar Hebraeus, Barbara Sattler (philosopher), Barry Loewer, Baruch Spinoza, Basic limiting principle, Báb, Bábism, Be Here Now (book), Be Here Now (George Harrison song), Begging the question, Beginning of human personhood, Being, Belief, Bengt Hägglund, Benjamin King (artist), Berlin Circle, Bernard Bosanquet (philosopher), Bernard d'Espagnat, Bernard O'Brien (Jesuit), Bernard of Chartres, Bernardino Varisco, Bertrand Russell, Bertrand Russell's philosophical views, Beyond Good and Evil, Bhagat Singh Thind, Bijan Abdolkarimi, Black cat analogy, Blut Aus Nord, Boethius, Boetius of Dacia, Bogdan Bogdanović, Bogusław Wolniewicz, Bon-Bon (short story), Bonaventure, Book of Proverbs, Book World/Blue Star, Boundaries of the Mind, Bourgueil, Bradley Dowden, Brahma, Brahma Sutras, Brahman, Branches of science, Branislav Petronijević, Brian Cantwell Smith, Brian Cleeve, Brian Connor, Brian Leftow, Brian Shanley, Brian Sheen, Brian Weatherson, Bridget Bate Tichenor, Brihad Bhagavatamrita, Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, British philosophy, Brokeback Mountain (short story), Bronisław Trentowski, Bruno Latour, Bryan Magee, Buddhism and science, Buddhism and Western philosophy, Buddhist philosophy, Burton Dreben, By His Bootstraps, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine philosophy, Byzantine science, C. A. Campbell, C. D. Broad, C. J. Cherryh, C. J. F. Williams, Cabot's Pueblo Museum, Candide, Cardiognosis, Carl Gustav Hempel, Carl Seashore, Carlos Alberto Leumann, Carlos Reygadas, Carlos Vaz Ferreira, Carrie Figdor, Carrie Ichikawa Jenkins, Cartesianism, Cat Stevens, Category mistake, Category of being, Catherine Pickstock, Catholic ecclesiology, Causal closure, Causality, Causeless cause, Cave and Shadows, Celibacy, Centered world, Centre for Inquiry Canada, Ceresco, Wisconsin, Cesare Cremonini (philosopher), Chaïm Perelman, Chad Engelland, Chakra, Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad, Characteristica universalis, Charles B. Martin, Charles Babbage, Charles Bernard Renouvier, Charles Bonnet, Charles De Koninck, Charles De Smedt, Charles Dickinson (author), Charles Hartshorne, Charles Malik, Charles Secrétan, Charles Umpherston Aitchison, Charles Upton (poet), Charlie Kaufman, Charlotte Witt, Charon's obol, Charvaka, Child's Play (1972 film), Chinese creation myths, Chinese Library Classification, Chinese philosophy, Chiropractic, Christian anthropology, Christian culture, Christian denomination, Christian naturism, Christian theology, Christian Wolff (philosopher), Christine Korsgaard, Christoph Scheiner, Christopher Hills, Christopher Nolan, Chronosophy, Cinematic style of Abbas Kiarostami, Cipher (band), Circadian (album), Cisza (film), Civic virtue, Classics, Claude Buffier, Claudine Tiercelin, Clément Rosset, Clemens Timpler, Clemente Rebora, Closer to Truth, Clotilde de Vaux, Coast to Coast AM, Coastline (magazine), Coherentism, Colin McGinn, Colin Wilson, Colonialism, Coloniality of gender, Columba Marmion, Columbia University Department of Philosophy, Commentaries on Aristotle, Common sense, Comparative religion, Compatibilism, Conatus, Conceit, Conceptions of God, Conceptual system, Concupiscence, Conny Méndez, Conscience, Constantin Rădulescu-Motru, Container space, Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity, Continuity thesis, Contributions to Philosophy, Coral Hull, Corey Haim, Cornelius Gemma, Cornelius Van Til, Cosmic pluralism, Cosmogony, Cosmology, Cosmology (philosophy), Cosmology of Tolkien's legendarium, Cosmos, Counterknowledge, Counterpart theory, Craig Callender, Crazy Therapies, Creator deity, Critical theory, Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of the Kantian philosophy, Cronopio (literature), Cs. István Bartos, Cult, Culture of Kerala, Culture of Poland, Culture of the Song dynasty, Custodio García Rovira, Cyril Scott, D. J. Conway, Dainichi Nyorai (Enjō-ji), Dalibor Vesely, Damaris Cudworth Masham, Damascius, Dan Goldstick, Daniel Albert Wyttenbach, Daniel Bernoulli, Daniel Bonevac, Daniel Cramer, Daniel David Palmer, Danielle Macbeth, Dany-Robert Dufour, Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions, Daughter of Time Trilogy, Dave Sim, David Alan Johnson, David Baazov Museum of History of Jews of Georgia, David Braine (philosopher), David Charles (philosopher), David Efird, David Gascoyne, David H. Sanford, David Holt (psychotherapist), David Hugh Mellor, David Hume, David Kaplan (philosopher), David Lewis (philosopher), David M. Rosenthal (philosopher), David Malet Armstrong, David Manley (philosopher), David Manners, David Papineau, David S. Oderberg, David Stove, David Wiggins, David Wood (philosopher), David-Hillel Ruben, Désiré-Joseph Mercier, De dicto and de re, De Motu (Berkeley's essay), De Veritate, Dean Zimmerman, Deathspell Omega, Deconstruction, Deductive-nomological model, Deep ecology, Deepak Chopra, Delia Graff Fara, Demiurge (disambiguation), Democritus, Denis Gargan, Derek Raymond, Dermot Moran, Destiny of Souls, Determinism, Devekut, Devi, Devi Upanishad, Devi-Bhagavata Purana, Dewitt H. Parker, Dhammapada (Radhakrishnan translation), Dhan Gopal Mukerji, Dharmarāja Adhvarin, Dialectical behavior therapy, Dialogue, Dianetics, Dietrich Tiedemann, Dietrich von Hildebrand, Digital philosophy, Dimension, Dimitrie Cuclin, Dimitris Lyacos, Dimitris Papaditsas, Diogenes of Apollonia, Dionisio Laurerio, Disputatio, Disquisitions relating to Matter and Spirit, Distinct (mathematics), Distress (novel), Divine Incantations Scripture, Divine providence in Judaism, Divyadaan: Salesian Institute of Philosophy, Nashik, Diwan (Nasir Khusraw), Djwal Khul, DM, Dnyaneshwari, Doctor Faustus (novel), Doctor Manhattan, Documentality, Domenico Cotugno, Don Berry (author), Don Eddy, Don Juan (poem), Don't Get Me Started, Donald Heiney, Donald Phillip Verene, Doppelgänger (1969 film), Dorothy Edgington, Dorothy Riddle, Dorthe Jørgensen, Double counting (accounting), Dualism (Indian philosophy), Dubai Desert Rock Festival, Duns Scotus, Dynamism (metaphysics), E. J. Lowe (philosopher), Early Islamic philosophy, Early modern period, Earthdawn, Eastern philosophy, Ecclesiastical titles and styles, Ecology, Eddie Nawgu, Eddy Zemach, Eden: the Deceit, Edgar S. Brightman, Edinburgh University Library, Edith Stein, Edmond Pourchot, Eduard Bernstein, Eduardo Barrio, Education, Education in early modern Scotland, Education in Medieval Scotland, Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, Edward J. Hall, Edward N. Zalta, Edwards Amasa Park, Edwin Charles Steinbrecher, Edwin Sandys (died 1629), Edwin Thumboo, Egon von Vietinghoff, Eleatics, Eliseo Vivas, Elizabeth Barnes, Elizabeth Towne, Elvis and Me, Emanationism, Emerich Coreth, Emil Cioran, Emmanuel Levinas, Emmanuel Mounier, Enchiridion of Epictetus, Encyclopédie Méthodique, Ene Mihkelson, Ensemble interpretation, Enumerative induction, Epistemicism, Eric T. Olson (philosopher), Ernest Belfort Bax, Ernest Holmes, Ernest Norman, Ernest Renan, Ernest Sosa, Ernesto Grassi, Ernesto Sabato, Ernst Christian Gottlieb Reinhold, Ernst Laas, Errol Harris, Essays on Philosophical Subjects, Essence, Essence-Function, Ethical dualism, Ethical intuitionism, Ethical movement, Ethics (Spinoza), Eudorus of Alexandria, Eugène Burnouf, Eugène Dupréel, Eulogius Schneider, Eunice Olumide, Euthyphro, Euthyphro dilemma, Evandro Agazzi, Evelyn Suart, Everyman's Library, Everything, Ex nihilo, Existence, Existence (disambiguation), Existence of God, Existence precedes essence, Existential nihilism, Experimental music, Explanatory gap, Exploring Reality, Extension (metaphysics), Extension (semantics), ʿAjā'ib al-makhlūqāt wa gharā'ib al-mawjūdāt, F. C. S. Schiller, F. H. Bradley, Fabel, Fabrizio Clerici, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Faith in the Earth, Falsafatuna, Falsifiability, Father Edeh, Félix Ravaisson-Mollien, Feliks Jaroński, Feminist metaphysics, Ferdinand Ulrich, Fernando Pessoa, Fideism, Figurative system of human knowledge, Filozofia, Fiona Macpherson, Firelei Baez, First principle, Florence Scovel Shinn, For All Practical Purposes, Formal distinction, Fortunatus Victor Costa, Four causes, Four Worlds, Four-dimensionalism, François-Joseph Fétis, Francis Barrett (occultist), Francis Bowen, Francis Clive-Ross, Francis Hutcheson (philosopher), Francis Joseph Monaghan, Francis Schaeffer, Francis Wade, Francisc Rainer, Francisco Canals Vidal, Francisco Suárez, Franjo Marković, Frank Cameron Jackson, Frank P. Ramsey, Frankenstein Created Woman, Franz Bardon, Franz Lackner, Franz Samuel Karpe, Franz Xaver von Baader, Frederick Ferré, Frederick Parker-Rhodes, Frederick Sontag, Frederick Suppe, Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg, Friedrich Eduard Beneke, Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, Friedrich Nietzsche, Friedrich Schleiermacher, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, Fritjof Capra, From Hell, Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism, Future, Future Unseen, Soundtrack for the Film, Fuzzy concept, Fyodor Stepun, G. E. Moore, Gabriel Wagner, Galen Strawson, Gareth Evans (philosopher), Gareth Matthews, Gasper Grima, Gaston Frommel, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Géraud de Cordemoy, Günter Figal, Geistesgeschichte, Gematria, General Scholium, Generation of '50, Geoffrey Hoppe, Georg Cantor, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, George Berkeley, George Caruana, George Croom Robertson, George Deas, Lord Deas, George Gleig, George Grote, George Hammond Whalley, George Henry Lewes, George Molnar (philosopher), George N. Schlesinger, George Panthanmackel, George Pappas, George Santayana, George Trumbull Ladd, Gerardus Everardus Tros, Gerd Buchdahl, Gestus, Gettier problem, Gheorghe Asachi, Giambattista Vico, Giang Le-Huy, Gila Sher, Gilbert de la Porrée, Gilgul, Gilles Deleuze, Giovanni Gentile, Giovanni Reale, Glossary of philosophy, Glossary of spirituality terms, Gnosiology, God, God is dead, God Speaks, God the Father, Godfrey of Fontaines, Gonzalo Rodriguez-Pereyra, Gordon Clark, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Gottlob Ernst Schulze, Graça Aranha, Grace Mann Brown, Graham Greene, Graham Harman, Graham Oppy, Graham Priest, Gravity's Rainbow, Grégoire Orlyk, Great Books of the Western World, Great chain of being, Greek contributions to Islamic world, Gregory Chaitin, Gregory of Nyssa, Grounding (metaphysics), Grove City College, Grzegorz of Stawiszyn, Gulshan-i Raz, Guru Nanak, Gustav Landauer, Gustav Mie, H. Dean Brown, H. Emilie Cady, Haecceitism, Haitian Vodou, Hajime Tanabe, Halakha, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Harold Stewart, Harriet Baber, Harvey Lloyd, Haunting: Australia, Hauntology, Héctor-Neri Castañeda, He Is There and He Is Not Silent, Hegelianism, Heinrich von Recklinghausen, Helen Beebee, Henri Bergson, Henri Depelchin, Henry Babcock Veatch, Henry Cooke (minister), Henry Harclay, Heraclitus, Herman Bicknell, Herman Cappelen, Herman Tønnessen, Hermann Lotze, Hermann Ulrici, Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, Hermetism and other religions, High School of Dundee, Hilary Kornblith, Hilary Lawson, Hilary Putnam, Hindu philosophy, Hinduism Today, Hiroki Azuma, Historical subject, History (Australian TV channel), History of alternative medicine, History of calculus, History of chiropractic, History of Christian theology, History of East Asia, History of economic thought, History of education in Scotland, History of evolutionary thought, History of geomagnetism, History of Iran, History of Islamic Philosophy, History of literature, History of logic, History of mineralogy, History of New Thought, History of optics, History of philosophy in Poland, History of physics, History of the Encyclopædia Britannica, History of the philosophy of field theory, History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1648), History of the social sciences, History of the University of Scranton, History of theatre, History of universities in Scotland, History of Western civilization before AD 500, Hitoshi Nagai, Holodeck, Holomovement, Holy Spirit (Christian denominational variations), Home of Truth, Home of Truth, Utah, Homeokinetics, Hossein Nasr, Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Howard Robinson, Hull Grammar School, Human, Human nature, Human science, Human Traces, Human, All Too Human, Humanistic naturalism, Humanities, Hume's fork, Huna (New Age), Hypokeimenon, Hypostatic abstraction, I Was Dora Suarez, Ian Ramsey, Ian Rumfitt, Ibn al-Nafis, Idealism, Idobi Radio, If a tree falls in a forest, Ignacio Ellacuría, Ihab Hassan, Illusionism (philosophy), Immanence, Immanuel Hermann Fichte, Immanuel Kant, Impenetrability, Implicate and explicate order, Impossible world, In-yer-face theatre, Incorporeality, Indeterminism, Index of branches of science, Index of metaphysics articles, Index of philosophy articles (D–H), Index of philosophy articles (I–Q), Index of religious honorifics and titles, Indexicality, Indian mathematics, Indian philosophy, Individual, Individualism, Inductivism, Inforg, Informal logic, Infosphere, Instantiation principle, Intelligence, Intelligent design, International Association for Computing and Philosophy, Interpretations of quantum mechanics, Interstate 60 (film), Intuition (Bergson), Iolo Morganwg, Ion Creangă, Ion Luca Caragiale, Ion Petrovici, Ionel Gherea, Iranian philosophy, Irrational Man, Irrealism (philosophy), Irving Goldman, Is Logic Empirical?, Is Theosophy a Religion?, Isaac Albalag, Isaac Israeli ben Solomon, Isaac Newton, Isaac Newton in popular culture, Isaac Orobio de Castro, Isaac Rülf, Isabelle Eberhardt, Islam in Iran, Islamic philosophy, Ismail al-Faruqi, Italian literature, Ivan Aguéli, Iyengar, J. J. C. Smart, J. L. Mackie, J. M. E. McTaggart, J. P. Moreland, Jack Flanders, Jack Sarfatti, Jacob Anatoli, Jacob ben Judah Landau, Jacob Gould Schurman, Jacob Lorhard, Jacob's Ladder (1990 film), Jacobo Fijman, Jacqueline de Romilly, Jacques Derrida, Jacques Maritain, Jacques Rohault, Jacques Viret, Jaegwon Kim, Jakob Böhme, Jakob Friedrich Fries, Jakob Merten, Jakob Schegk, James Bernard Schafer, James Clerk Maxwell, James Frederick Ferrier, James Hinton, James Kennedy Patterson, James Lindsay (theologian), James McCosh, James P. Carse, James S. Tarantin, James Thomson (poet, born 1700), Jan Söderqvist, Jan Westerhoff, Japan, Jay L. Garfield, Jay Samonie, Jérémie-Jacques Oberlin, Józef Emanuel Jankowski, Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński, Je voudrais pas crever, Jean Buridan, Jean Gebser, Jean Grondin, Jean Hani, Jean Paul, Jean-Paul Sartre, Jeff Green (multimedia artist), Jenann Ismael, Jennifer Whiting, Jerome Inglott, Jerzy Żuławski, Jessica Wilson, Jesus walking on water, Jewish atheism, Jewish principles of faith, Jim Baggott, Jimmie Dale Gilmore, Jiyuan Yu, Joachim Jungius, Joan Hambidge, Joannes Sturmius Mechlinianus, Jože Javoršek, Jodok Mörlin, Jody Azzouni, Johan Jakob Borelius, Johann Albrecht Bengel, Johann Andreas Michael Nagel, Johann Baptiste Horvath, Johann Christoph Gottsched, Johann Christoph Schwab, Johann Eduard Erdmann, Johann Ernst Immanuel Walch, Johann Friedrich Herbart, Johann Friedrich Schultz, Johann Kaspar Bluntschli, Johann Nepomuk Ehrlich, Johann Ruchrat von Wesel, Johannes Clauberg, Johannes Jacobus Poortman, Johannes Steuchius, Johannes Tinctoris, John A. Leslie, John B. Cobb, John Barling, John Bruce Wallace, John C. Calhoun, John Clare, John Constance Parnis, John Corcoran (logician), John D. Caputo, John de Ruiter, John Dewey, John Donne, John Erskine (theologian), John Formosa, John Foster (philosopher), John Greco (philosopher), John Hawthorne, John Hyman (philosopher), John Lachs, John Law (bishop), John Locke, John MacFarlane (philosopher), John Marzillier, John McDowell, John Milbank, John of St. Thomas, John Owen (theologian), John P. Anton, John Perry (philosopher), John Russon, John Scotus Eriugena, John Templeton Foundation, John Trigg Ester Library, John Veitch (poet), John W. N. Watkins, John William Miller, John William Yeomans, John Wimberley, Jonael Schickler, Jonathan Bennett (philosopher), Jonathan Livingston Seagull (film), Jonathan Schaffer, Jorge Guillermo Borges Haslam, José Ortega y Gasset, José Saraiva Martins, José Vasconcelos, Josef Simon, Joseph A. Bracken, Joseph B. Soloveitchik, Joseph Bayma, Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff, Joseph Grange, Joseph Kaipayil, Joseph Levine (philosopher), Joseph Maréchal, Joseph Moncada, Joseph Owens (Redemptorist), Joseph Priestley, Josephat Obi Oguejiofor, Joshua Parens, Journey to the Past, Joxe Azurmendi, Juan Benlloch i Vivó, Juan Manuel Burgos, Juan Manuel Silva Camarena, Judika Illes, Judith Jarvis Thomson, Julian Johnson, Juliana González Valenzuela, Juliet Mills, Juliette (novel), Julius Caesar Scaliger, Julius Moravcsik, Jurij Vega, Jurisprudence of values, Justus Azzopardi, Kabbalah, Kai Wehmeier, Karl Marx, Karl Popper, Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann, Karlfried Graf Dürckheim, Kashmir Shaivism, Katerina Kolozova, Katharyn Powers, Katherine Hawley, Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh, Keith Campbell (philosopher), Ken Bruen, Kenneth G. Mills, Kevin Mulligan, Khat, Kiarina Kordela, Kingdom of Scotland, Kit Fine, Krishnananda Saraswati, Krystyn Lach-Szyrma, Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongovius, Ksenija Atanasijević, Kuno Fischer, Kuzari, Kyle Stanford, Kyprian Zochovskyj, L. A. Paul, Lamberto da Cingoli, Lana Del Rey, Lana Del Rey (EP), Lanfranc, Laurel Elizabeth Keyes, Lauren Weinstein (cartoonist), Law and Chaos, Law of noncontradiction, Law of three stages, Law of value, Lawrence Sklar, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Léger Marie Deschamps, League for the Larger Life, Lee Smolin, Lee Yeongdo, Leemon McHenry, Lekan Balogun, Leo Apostel, Leo Kennedy, Leo Perutz, Leo Strauss, Leon Chwistek, Leonard Lawlor, Leonard Peikoff, Leonardo Polo, Leonora Beck Ellis, Letters to a Philosophical Unbeliever, Leucippus, Lev Shestov, Lev Zalenskyj, Levi Bryant, LGBT history in Germany, Liberalism and progressivism within Islam, Libertarianism (metaphysics), Library of Congress Classification:Class B -- Philosophy, Psychology, Religion, Libro de los juegos, Lichtenberg's Avertissement, Ligeia, Lila: An Inquiry into Morals, Lincoln's Dreams, List of academic fields, List of atheist philosophers, List of atheists in science and technology, List of Ben 10 aliens, List of Brown University people, List of Christ myth theory proponents, List of Christian movements, List of Dewey Decimal classes, List of ecclesiastical abbreviations, List of Ender's Game characters, List of eponymous laws, List of fictional diseases, List of Greek and Latin roots in English/M, List of items in Once Upon a Time, List of Latin phrases (A), List of MeSH codes (K01), List of metaphysicians, List of Neon Genesis Evangelion characters, List of philosophies, List of Planetes chapters, List of races in Farscape, List of Russian philosophers, List of secular humanists, List of Spaniards, List of systems sciences organizations, List of unsolved problems in philosophy, List of writing genres, Literature of Birmingham, Literature of Kashmir, Literature of Laos, Logic, Logic in Islamic philosophy, Logical extreme, Logical holism, Logical positivism, Logical possibility, Logology (science of science), Logos, Lorenzo Peña, Louis Althusser, Louis Billot, Louis Lambert (novel), Louis Lavelle, Louis-Marie Régis, Louise Clappe, Love and Pain, Love-Lies-Bleeding (play), Luís Geraldes, Lucidity (web series), Lucilio Vanini, Lucretius, Ludvig Holberg, Ludwig Büchner, Ludwig Friedrich Otto Baumgarten-Crusius, Ludwig Heinrich von Jakob, Ludwig Landgrebe, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Luigi Taparelli, Lumières, Lutheran scholasticism, Lyman Duff, Lyman J. Gage, Lyndon LaRouche, Lynn de Silva's theology, Madhvacharya, Madrasa, Magical organization, Magna Moralia, Mahayana, Mahātmā, Mahmoud Khatami, Mahmoud Shabestari, Maine de Biran, Make-up artist, Malayalam literature, Malayali, Manifest Destiny 2011, Manifestation of God, Manifestations of postmodernism, Mansions of Rastafari, Manuel Belgrano, Marcel Lecomte, Marcial Solana González-Camino, Marcus Fronius, Mariano Iberico Rodríguez, Mariastern Abbey, Banja Luka, Marilyn Frye, Mario Bunge, Marjan Davari, Mark Johnston (philosopher), Mark Pretorius, Marriage privatization, Martín Adán, Martin Buber, Martin Harrison (poet), Martin Heidegger, Martin Knutzen, Martin Lings, Martin Yates, Marxism–Leninism, Mary (Nabokov novel), Mary Daly, Mary Kate McGowan, Mary Midgley, Mary Tsiongas, Masahiro Morioka, Matauddin Peerzada, Mathematics, Mathematics and art, Mathematics education, Matthew Piers Watt Boulton, Maulana Shams-ud-din Harifal, Maurice Cornforth, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Max Müller (Catholic intellectual), Maynard Adams, Meaning of life, Means End, Means to an end, Mechanism (philosophy), Medieval philosophy, Meditations on First Philosophy, Meher Baba, Meikandadevar, Meliorism, Melissus of Samos, Melniboné, Mental representation, Mental world, Mereological nihilism, Mereology, Mereotopology, Metaknowledge, Metaphilosophy, Metaphor in philosophy, Metaphysical naturalism, Metaphysical Society, Metaphysical Society of America, Metaphysical terms in the works of René Guénon, Metaphysics (Aristotle), Metaphysics (disambiguation), Metaphysics of presence, Metarealism, Metascience, Methodological dualism, Mexican Inquisition, Michael Bowen (artist), Michael C. 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'Pataphysics

Pataphysics or pataphysics (pataphysique) is a difficult to define literary trope invented by French writer Alfred Jarry (1873–1907).

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A Bad Case of Stripes

A Bad Case of Stripes is a children's book by David Shannon published in 1998 by Blue Sky Press, a division of Scholastic Press.

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A Dweller on Two Planets

A Dweller on Two Planets or The Dividing of the Way is a book written by Frederick Spencer Oliver, who was born in 1866.

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A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful

A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful is a 1757 treatise on aesthetics written by Edmund Burke.

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A posteriori necessity

A posteriori necessity is a thesis in metaphysics and the philosophy of language, that some statements of which we must acquire knowledge a posteriori are also necessarily true.

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A priori and a posteriori

The Latin phrases a priori ("from the earlier") and a posteriori ("from the latter") are philosophical terms of art popularized by Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (first published in 1781, second edition in 1787), one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.

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A Sea Symphony

A Sea Symphony is a piece for orchestra and chorus by Ralph Vaughan Williams, written between 1903 and 1909.

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A Shia Anthology

A Shi'ite Anthology was written by Allameh Tabatabaei and translated by William Chittick, State University of New York Press.

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A Syntopicon: An Index to The Great Ideas

A Syntopicon: An Index to The Great Ideas (1952) is a two-volume index, published as volumes 2 and 3 of Encyclopædia Britannica’s collection Great Books of the Western World.

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A. C. Grayling

Anthony Clifford Grayling (born 3 April 1949), usually known as A. C. Grayling, is a British philosopher and author.

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A. J. Ayer

Sir Alfred Jules "Freddie" Ayer, FBA (29 October 1910 – 27 June 1989), usually cited as A. J. Ayer, was a British philosopher known for his promotion of logical positivism, particularly in his books Language, Truth, and Logic (1936) and The Problem of Knowledge (1956).

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A. W. Moore (philosopher)

Adrian William Moore (born 1956) is a Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford and Tutorial Fellow of St Hugh's College, Oxford.

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A. W. Yrjänä

Aki Ville Yrjänä (born 30 July 1967 in Kemi), better known by the stage name, A. W.

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A.K. Brohi

Allah Bukhsh Karim Bukhsh Brohi (الله بخش کریم بخش بروہی; الھ بخش ڪريم بخش بروھي (1915 – 1987) known as A.K. Brohi) was a prominent Pakistani politician and lawyer.

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Abba Mari

Abba Mari ben Moses ben Joseph, was a Provençal rabbi, born at Lunel, near Montpellier, towards the end of the 13th century.

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Abbas Kiarostami

Abbas Kiarostami (عباس کیارستمی; 22 June 1940 – 4 July 2016) was an Iranian film director, screenwriter, poet, photographer and film producer.

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Abhidharma

Abhidharma (Sanskrit) or Abhidhamma (Pali) are ancient (3rd century BCE and later) Buddhist texts which contain detailed scholastic reworkings of doctrinal material appearing in the Buddhist sutras, according to schematic classifications.

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Abortion debate

The abortion debate is the ongoing controversy surrounding the moral, legal, and religious status of induced abortion.

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About Time (book)

About Time, published in 1995, is the second book written by Paul Davies, regarding the subject of time.

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Abraham Van Helsing

Professor Abraham Van Helsing is a fictional character from the 1897 gothic horror novel Dracula.

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Absolute (philosophy)

In philosophy, the concept of The Absolute, also known as The (Unconditioned) Ultimate, The Wholly Other, The Supreme Being, The Absolute/Ultimate Reality, and other names, is the thing, being, entity, power, force, reality, presence, law, principle, etc.

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Absolute idealism

Absolute idealism is an ontologically monistic philosophy "chiefly associated with G. W. F. Hegel and Friedrich Schelling, both German idealist philosophers of the 19th century, Josiah Royce, an American philosopher, and others, but, in its essentials, the product of Hegel".

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Abstract and concrete

Abstract and concrete are classifications that denote whether a term describes an object with a physical referent or one with no physical referents.

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Abstract object theory

Abstract object theory is a branch of metaphysics regarding abstract objects.

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Abstract particulars

Abstract particulars are metaphysical entities which are both abstract objects and particulars.

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Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri

Abu al-Hassan Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Amiri (أبو الحسن محمد ابن يوسف العامري) (died 992) was a Muslim theologian and philosopher of Persian origin, who attempted to reconcile philosophy with religion, and Sufism with conventional Islam.

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Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī

Abu'l-Barakāt Hibat Allah ibn Malkā al-Baghdādī (أبو البركات هبة الله بن ملكا البغدادي; c. 1080 – 1164 or 1165 CE) was an Islamic philosopher and physician of Jewish descent from Baghdad, Iraq.

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Accessibility relation

In modal logic, an accessibility relation R is a binary relation such that R \subseteq W \times W where W is a set of possible worlds.

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Achille Varzi (philosopher)

Achille C. Varzi (born May 8, 1958, Galliate) is an Italian-born philosopher.

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Actus Essendi

Actus Essendi is a Latin expression coined by Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274).

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Ada Lovelace

Augusta Ada King-Noel, Countess of Lovelace (née Byron; 10 December 1815 – 27 November 1852) was an English mathematician and writer, chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's proposed mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine.

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Adam Ignacy Zabellewicz

Adam Ignacy Zabellewicz (1784–1831) was a professor of philosophy at Warsaw University.

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Adam Smith

Adam Smith (16 June 1723 NS (5 June 1723 OS) – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist, philosopher and author as well as a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment era.

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Adam Weishaupt

Johann Adam Weishaupt (6 February 1748 – 18 November 1830)Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie.

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Addison Webster Moore

Addison Webster Moore (30 July 1866 – 25 August 1930) was a U.S. pragmatist philosopher.

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Adela Cortina

Adela Cortina is a Spanish philosopher born in Valencia, Spain.

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Adelphi Theatre (New York City)

The Adelphi Theatre (1934–1940 and 1944–1958), originally named the Craig Theatre, opened on December 24, 1928.

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Adi Shankara

Adi Shankara (pronounced) or Shankara, was an early 8th century Indian philosopher and theologian who consolidated the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta.

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Adolph Stöhr

Adolph Stöhr (February 24, 1855 – February 10, 1921) was professor of philosophy at the University of Vienna.

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Adriaan Heereboord

Adriaan Heereboord (13 October 1613 in Leiden – 7 July 1661 in Leiden) was a Dutch philosopher and logician.

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Adriano Tilgher (philosopher)

Adriano Tilgher (8 January 1887 – 3 November 1941) was an Italian philosopher and essayist.

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Advaita Vedanta

Advaita Vedanta (अद्वैत वेदान्त, IAST:, literally, "not-two"), originally known as Puruṣavāda, is a school of Hindu philosophy and religious practice, and one of the classic Indian paths to spiritual realization.

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Aenesidemus

Aenesidemus (Αἰνησίδημος or Αἰνεσίδημος) was a Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher, born in Knossos on the island of Crete.

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Aesthetic Theory

Aesthetic Theory (Ästhetische Theorie) is a book by the German philosopher Theodor Adorno, which was culled from drafts written between 1961 and 1969 and ultimately published posthumously in 1970.

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Aethyr

Aethyr, æthyr, ethyr, or ayre may refer to:;In physics.

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Affirmative prayer

Affirmative prayer is a form of prayer or a metaphysical technique that is focused on a positive outcome rather than a negative situation.

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African philosophy

African philosophy is philosophy produced by African people, philosophy that presents African worldviews, or philosophy that uses distinct African philosophical methods.

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Afterlife

Afterlife (also referred to as life after death or the hereafter) is the belief that an essential part of an individual's identity or the stream of consciousness continues to manifest after the death of the physical body.

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Ajay Ahuja (businessman)

Ajay Ahuja (born 28 December 1971) is a British author and buy to let landlord.

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Al-Farabi

Al-Farabi (known in the West as Alpharabius; c. 872 – between 14 December, 950 and 12 January, 951) was a renowned philosopher and jurist who wrote in the fields of political philosophy, metaphysics, ethics and logic.

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Al-Hilli

Jamāl ad-Dīn Hasan ibn Yusuf ibn 'Ali ibn-i Mûtahhar al-Hilli (جمال الدين الحسن بن يوسف الحلي), also known as al-Allamah al-Hilli (العلامة الحلي, "the sage from Hilla"),Tehrani, Aga Buzurg, Tabaqat 'Alam il-Shi'ah, v.5 p.52 (Arabic) born December 15, 1250 CE (19 Ramadan 648 AH), died December 18, 1325, was a Twelver Shia theologian and mujtahid.

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Al-Kindi

Abu Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (أبو يوسف يعقوب بن إسحاق الصبّاح الكندي; Alkindus; c. 801–873 AD) was an Arab Muslim philosopher, polymath, mathematician, physician and musician.

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Albert Wijuk Kojałowicz

Albert Wijuk Kojałowicz (Wojciech Wijuk Kojałowicz; Albertas Vijūkas-Kojelavičius; Koialovicius-Wijuk Albertus; 1609–1677) was a PolishIncluded on the "List of the major works in philosophy of science by Polish authors" in -Lithuanian historian, theologian and translator.

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Aletheia

Aletheia (Ancient Greek: ἀλήθεια) is revolution or rising in philosophy.

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Alex Mathew

Mathew Mullasseril Alex (25 May 1959 – 23 June 2015), popularly known as Dr.

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Alexander Bain

Alexander Bain (11 June 1818 – 18 September 1903) was a Scottish philosopher and educationalist in the British school of empiricism and a prominent and innovative figure in the fields of psychology, linguistics, logic, moral philosophy and education reform.

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Alexander Campbell Fraser

Alexander Campbell Fraser, FBA, FRSE (3 September 1819 – 2 December 1914) was a Scottish philosopher.

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Alexander Dobrokhotov

Alexander Dobrokhotov (Алекса́ндр Льво́вич Доброхо́тов; born 8 September 1950) is a Russian philosopher, historian of philosophy, historian of culture, and university professor.

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Alexander Nehamas

Alexander Nehamas (Αλέξανδρος Νεχαμάς; born 22 March 1946) is Professor of Philosophy and Edmund N. Carpenter, II Class of 1943 Professor in the Humanities at Princeton University, where he has taught since 1990, and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.

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Alexander of Aphrodisias

Alexander of Aphrodisias (Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Ἀφροδισιεύς; fl. 200 AD) was a Peripatetic philosopher and the most celebrated of the Ancient Greek commentators on the writings of Aristotle.

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Alexander of Hales

Alexander of Hales (also Halensis, Alensis, Halesius, Alesius; 21 August 1245), also called Doctor Irrefragibilis (by Pope Alexander IV in the Bull De Fontibus Paradisi) and Theologorum Monarcha, was a theologian and philosopher important in the development of Scholasticism and of the Franciscan School.

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Alexander Pruss

Alexander Robert Pruss (born January 5, 1973) is a Canadian mathematician, philosopher, Professor of Philosophy and the Co-Director of Graduate Studies in Philosophy at Baylor University in Waco, Texas.

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Alexander Pushkin

Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (a) was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic eraBasker, Michael.

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Alexander Scriabin

Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin (Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Скря́бин; –) was a Russian composer and pianist.

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Alexandra Powers

Alexandra Kristin Powers (born September 9, 1967) is a former American actress.

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Alexandre Koyré

Alexandre Koyré (29 August 1892 – 28 April 1964), also anglicized as Alexandre or Alexander Koyre, was a French philosopher of Russian origin who wrote on the history and philosophy of science.

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Alexandrian school

The Alexandrian school is a collective designation for certain tendencies in literature, philosophy, medicine, and the sciences that developed in the Hellenistic cultural center of Alexandria, Egypt during the Hellenistic and Roman periods.

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Alexandru Macedonski

Alexandru Macedonski (also rendered as Al. A. Macedonski, Macedonschi or Macedonsky; March 14, 1854 – November 24, 1920) was a Romanian poet, novelist, dramatist and literary critic, known especially for having promoted French Symbolism in his native country, and for leading the Romanian Symbolist movement during its early decades.

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Alfonso Gómez-Lobo

Alfonso Gómez-Lobo (January 1, 1940 – December 31, 2011) was a professor of metaphysics and moral philosophy at Georgetown University known for his critical evaluations of modern-day ethics.

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Alfred Adler

Alfred W. Adler(7 February 1870 – 28 May 1937) was an Austrian medical doctor, psychotherapist, and founder of the school of individual psychology.

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Alfred Edward Taylor

Alfred Edward Taylor (22 December 1869 – 31 October 1945) was a British idealist philosopher most famous for his contributions to the philosophy of idealism in his writings on metaphysics, the philosophy of religion, moral philosophy, and the scholarship of Plato.

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Alfred North Whitehead

Alfred North Whitehead (15 February 1861 – 30 December 1947) was an English mathematician and philosopher.

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Algebraic logic

In mathematical logic, algebraic logic is the reasoning obtained by manipulating equations with free variables.

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Algis Uždavinys

Algis Uždavinys (1962–2010) was a prolific Lithuanian philosopher and scholar.

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Alice De Wolf Kellogg

Alice De Wolf Kellogg (December 27, 1862 – February 4, 1900) was an American painter whose work was exhibited at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition.

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All Religions are One

All Religions are One is a series of philosophical aphorisms by William Blake, written in 1788.

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Allan Gibbard

Allan Gibbard (born 1942) is the Richard B. Brandt Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

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Almendra (Almendra album)

Almendra (Spanish for "almond") is the self-titled debut studio album by Argentine rock band Almendra which was released in 1969 on Vik, a subsidiary of RCA Victor.

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Altazor

Altazor o el viaje en paracaídas, or simply Altazor, is the magnum opus of Chilean poet Vicente Huidobro, published in Madrid in 1931.

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Alternate Realities (Cherryh)

Alternate Realities is a 2000 omnibus collection of three short science fiction novels by American writer author C. J. Cherryh: Wave Without a Shore (1981), Port Eternity (1982), and Voyager in Night (1984).

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Alto Rhapsody

The Alto Rhapsody, Op. 53, is a composition for contralto, male chorus, and orchestra by Johannes Brahms, a setting of verses from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Harzreise im Winter.

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Alvin Langdon Coburn

Alvin Langdon Coburn (June 11, 1882 – November 23, 1966) was an early 20th-century photographer who became a key figure in the development of American pictorialism.

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Alvin Plantinga

Alvin Carl Plantinga (born November 15, 1932) is a prominent American analytic philosopher who works primarily in the fields of logic, justification, philosophy of religion, and epistemology.

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Amanda Prantera

Amanda Prantera (born 23 April 1942) is a British novelist who has been living in Italy since the age of 20.

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Amie Thomasson

Amie Lynn Thomasson (born July 4, 1968) is an American philosopher, currently Professor of Philosophy at Dartmouth College.

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Amin Kamil

Amin Kamil (1924–2014) was a major voice in Kashmiri poetry and one of the chief exponents of modern ghazal in the language.

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Analogy of the sun

The analogy of the sun (or simile of the sun or metaphor of the sun) is found in the sixth book of The Republic (507b–509c), written by the Greek philosopher Plato as a dialogue between Glaucon (Plato's elder brother) and Socrates (narrated by the latter).

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Analytic philosophy

Analytic philosophy (sometimes analytical philosophy) is a style of philosophy that became dominant in the Western world at the beginning of the 20th century.

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Analytical feminism

Analytical feminism is a line of philosophy that applies analytic concepts and methods to feminist issues and applies feminist concepts and insights to issues that have traditionally been of interest to analytic philosophers.

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Ananda Coomaraswamy

Ananda Kentish Muthu Coomaraswamy (ஆனந்த குமாரசுவாமி, Ānanda Kentiś Muthū Kumāraswāmī; 22 August 1877 − 9 September 1947) was a Ceylonese Tamil philosopher and Metaphysicist, as well as a pioneering historian and philosopher of Indian art, particularly art history and symbolism, and an early interpreter of Indian culture to the West.

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Ananda Marga

Ánanda Márga (আনন্দ মার্গ প্রচারক সংঘ, आनंद मार्ग "The Path of Bliss", also spelled Anand Marg and Ananda Marg) or officially Ánanda Márga Pracáraka Saḿgha (organisation for the propagation of the path of bliss) is a socio-spiritual organisation and movement founded in Jamalpur, Bihar, India in 1955 by Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar.

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Anatol E. Baconsky

Anatol E. Baconsky (June 16, 1925 – March 4, 1977), also known as A. E. Bakonsky, Baconschi or Baconski, was a Romanian modernist poet, essayist, translator, novelist, publisher, literary and art critic.

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Anaximander

Anaximander (Ἀναξίμανδρος Anaximandros; was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus,"Anaximander" in Chambers's Encyclopædia.

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Anaximenes of Miletus

Anaximenes of Miletus (Ἀναξιμένης ὁ Μιλήσιος; c. 585 – c. 528 BC) was an Ancient Greek Pre-Socratic philosopher active in the latter half of the 6th century BC.

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Ancient Greek philosophy

Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC and continued throughout the Hellenistic period and the period in which Ancient Greece was part of the Roman Empire.

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Ancient literature

This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of literature during ancient times.

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Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis

The Ancient and Mystical Order Rosæ Crucis (AMORC), also known as the Rosicrucian Order, is the largest Rosicrucian organization in the world.

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Ancient Rome and wine

Ancient Rome played a pivotal role in the history of wine.

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Anders Vilhelm Lundstedt

Anders Vilhelm Lundstedt (11 September 1882 – 20 August 1955) was a Swedish jurist and legislator, particularly known as a proponent of Scandinavian Legal Realism, having been strongly influenced by his compatriot, the charismatic philosopher Axel Hägerström.

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Andrés Ortiz-Osés

Andrés Ortiz-Osés (born 1943, Tardienta) is a Spanish philosopher.

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Andreas Jaszlinszky

Andreas Jaszlinszky (September 1715 in Abaújszina – January 1783 in Rozsnyó) was the Slovak-born author of the early physics textbooks Institutiones physicae pars prima, seu physica generalis (Trnava/Nagyszombat, 1756/1761, 471 pp) and Institutiones physicae pars altera, seu physica particularis (Trnava/Nagyszombat, 1756/1761, 341 pp).

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Andrei Tarkovsky

Andrei Arsenyevich Tarkovsky (p; 4 April 1932 – 29 December 1986) was a Russian filmmaker, writer, film editor, film theorist, theatre and opera director.

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Andrew Pyle (philosopher)

Andrew Pyle (born 17 March 1955) is a British philosopher on the history of philosophical atomism.

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Andrzej Grzegorczyk

Andrzej Grzegorczyk (22 August 1922 – 20 March 2014) was a Polish logician, mathematician, philosopher, and ethicist noted for his work in computability, mathematical logic, and the foundations of mathematics.

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Andy Clark

Andrew Clark, FBA (born 1957) is a professor of philosophy and Chair in Logic and Metaphysics at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland.

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Anelia Pavlova

Anelia Pavlova (Анелия Павлова), also known as Annael, is a Bulgarian-born Australian artist.

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Angelo Bagnasco

Angelo Bagnasco (born 14 January 1943) is an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church.

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Angelo Pirotta

Angelo Pirotta, O.P. (December 27, 1894 – November 16, 1956) was a major Maltese philosopher.

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Anglican eucharistic theology

Anglican eucharistic theology is diverse in practice, reflecting the comprehensiveness of Anglicanism.

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Anil Gupta (philosopher)

Anil K. Gupta (born 1949) is an Indian-American philosopher who works primarily in logic, philosophy of language, metaphysics, and epistemology.

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Animal Man (comic book)

Animal Man was a comic book ongoing series published by DC Comics starring the superhero Animal Man.

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Animal symbolicum

Animal symbolicum ("symbol-making" or "symbolizing animal") is a definition for humans proposed by the German neo-Kantian Ernst Cassirer.

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Anita Avramides

Anita Avramides is a British philosopher whose work focuses on the philosophy of language, and the philosophy of the mind.

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Anita Spinelli

Anita Spinelli (8 January 1908 – 24 March 2010) was a Swiss artist, painter and drawer also known for her approaches to graphic work.

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Anjan Chakravartty

Anjan Chakravartty is an analytic philosopher and a professor of philosophy at the University of Notre Dame.

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Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea

Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea (née Kingsmill; April 16615 August 1720), was an English poet and courtier.

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Anselm of Canterbury

Anselm of Canterbury (1033/4-1109), also called (Anselmo d'Aosta) after his birthplace and (Anselme du Bec) after his monastery, was a Benedictine monk, abbot, philosopher and theologian of the Catholic Church, who held the office of archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109.

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Anthony Ludovici

Anthony Mario Ludovici MBE (8 January 1882 – 3 April 1971) was a British philosopher, sociologist, social critic and polyglot.

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Anthony Nuttall

Anthony David Nuttall (25 April 1937 – 24 January 2007) was an English literary critic and academic.

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Anthony of the Mother of God

Anthony of the Mother of God (Antonio de la Madre de Dios), O.C.D. (1583, Leon–27 November 1637, Salamanca), was a Spanish Discalced Carmelite friar, who was notable as a professor of philosophy and theology, who initiated the complitation.

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Anthony Quinton

Anthony Meredith Quinton, Baron Quinton, FBA (25 March 1925 – 19 June 2010) was a British political and moral philosopher, metaphysician, and materialist philosopher of mind.

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Anti-foundationalism

Anti-foundationalism (also called nonfoundationalism) is any philosophy which rejects a foundationalist approach.

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Anti-Judaism

Anti-Judaism is the "total or partial opposition to Judaism—and to Jews as adherents of it—by persons who accept a competing system of beliefs and practices and consider certain genuine Judaic beliefs and practices as inferior." Anti-Judaism, as a rejection of a particular way of thinking about God, is distinct from antisemitism, which is more akin to a form of racism.

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Antihumanism

In social theory and philosophy, antihumanism (or anti-humanism) is a theory that is critical of traditional humanism and traditional ideas about humanity and the human condition.

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Antireductionism

Antireductionism is the position in science and metaphysics that stands in contrast to reductionism (anti-holism) by advocating that not all properties of a system can be explained in terms of its constituent parts and their interactions.

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Antireligion

Antireligion is opposition to religion of any kind.

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Antoine Arnauld

Antoine Arnauld (6 February 16128 August 1694) was a French Roman Catholic theologian, philosopher and mathematician.

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Anton Kržan

Anton Kržan (Marija Gorica, June 8, 1835 - Zagreb, November 6, 1888) was a Croatian philosopher, university professor and a rector.

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Anton Wilhelm Amo

Anton Wilhelm Amo or Anthony William Amo (c. 1703 – c. 1759) was an African philosopher from what is now Ghana.

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Antoni Lange

Antoni Lange (1863 – 17 March 1929) was a Polish poet, philosopher, polyglot (15 languages), writer, novelist, science-writer, reporter and translator.

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Antonio Gramsci

Antonio Francesco Gramsci (22 January 1891 – 27 April 1937) was an Italian Marxist philosopher and politician.

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Antonio Rosmini

Blessed Antonio Francesco Davide Ambrogio Rosmini-Serbati (Rovereto, 25 March 1797Stresa, 1 July 1855) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and philosopher.

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Antonio Roybal

Antonio Roybal (born October 1, 1976) is an American fine-art painter and sculptor from Santa Fe, New Mexico.

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Anwar Shah Kashmiri

Sayyid Muḥammad Anwar Shāh ibn Mu‘az̤z̤am Shāh Kashmīrī (Sayyid Muḥammad Anwar Shāh ibn Mu‘aẓẓam Shāh al-Kashmīrī al-Hindī; November 16, 1875 – May 28, 1933) was a Kashmiri Islamic scholar from former British India.

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Apollo

Apollo (Attic, Ionic, and Homeric Greek: Ἀπόλλων, Apollōn (Ἀπόλλωνος); Doric: Ἀπέλλων, Apellōn; Arcadocypriot: Ἀπείλων, Apeilōn; Aeolic: Ἄπλουν, Aploun; Apollō) is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology.

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Aporia

Aporia (impasse, difficulty in passage, lack of resources, puzzlement) denotes in philosophy a philosophical puzzle or state of puzzlement and in rhetoric a rhetorically useful expression of doubt.

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Appearance and Reality

Appearance and Reality (1893; second edition 1897)Wollheim 1969.

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Arabic literature

Arabic literature (الأدب العربي / ALA-LC: al-Adab al-‘Arabī) is the writing, both prose and poetry, produced by writers in the Arabic language.

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Arabs

Arabs (عَرَب ISO 233, Arabic pronunciation) are a population inhabiting the Arab world.

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Archibald Alexander Hodge

Archibald Alexander Hodge (July 18, 1823 – November 12, 1886), an American Presbyterian leader, was the principal of Princeton Seminary between 1878 and 1886.

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Arden Shakespeare

The Arden Shakespeare is a long-running series of scholarly editions of the works of William Shakespeare.

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Argentine literature

Argentine literature, i.e. the set of literary works produced by writers who originated from Argentina, is one of the most prolific, relevant and influential in the whole Spanish speaking world, with renowned writers such as Jorge Luis Borges, Julio Cortázar, Leopoldo Lugones and Ernesto Sabato.

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Arindam Chakrabarti

Arindam Chakrabarti is a professor of philosophy at the University of Hawaii at Mānoa, where he is the director of the EPOCH (Eastern Philosophy of Consciousness and the Humanities) Project.

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Aristotle

Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs,; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece.

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Arnold Ehret

Arnold Ehret (29 July 186610 October 1922) was a German health educator and author of several books on diet, detoxification, fruitarianism, fasting, food combining, health, longevity, naturopathy, physical culture and vitalism.

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Arran Gare

Arran Gare (born 1948) is an Australian philosopher known mainly for his work in environmental philosophy, philosophy of science, philosophy of culture and the metaphysics of process philosophy.

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Arthur Collier

Arthur Collier (12 October 1680September 1732) was an English Anglican priest and philosopher.

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Arthur Peacocke

Arthur Robert Peacocke (29 November 1924 – 21 October 2006) was a British Anglican theologian and biochemist.

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Arthur Schopenhauer

Arthur Schopenhauer (22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher.

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Arthur Worthington

Arthur Worthington (died 1917) was an American-born Australasian alternative religious leader, bigamist and fraudster in late nineteenth-century Christchurch, Melbourne and Tasmania.

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Artificial intelligence in fiction

The literature of science fiction and fantasy is extensive and includes many subgenres which includes artificial intelligence as a recurrent theme in science fiction.

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As I Lay Dying

As I Lay Dying is a 1930 novel, in the genre of Southern Gothic, by American author William Faulkner.

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Asher Wade

Asher Wade, born Wallace S. Wade, is an American-born international lecturer, college instructor and psychotherapist.

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Ashtar (extraterrestrial being)

Ashtar (sometimes called Ashtar Sheran) is the name given to an extraterrestrial being or group of beings which a number of people claim to have channeled.

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Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology

Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology is a history of science by Isaac Asimov, written as the biographies of over 1500 scientists.

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Astral projection

Astral projection (or astral travel) is a term used in esotericism to describe a willful out-of-body experience (OBE) that assumes the existence of a soul or consciousness called an "astral body" that is separate from the physical body and capable of travelling outside it throughout the universe.

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Astrology and astronomy

Astrology and astronomy were archaically treated together (astrologia), and were only gradually separated in Western 17th century philosophy (the "Age of Reason") with the rejection of astrology.

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Atheism

Atheism is, in the broadest sense, the absence of belief in the existence of deities.

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Atheistic existentialism

"Atheistic existentialism" is a kind of existentialism which strongly diverged from the Christian existential works of Søren Kierkegaard and developed within the context of an atheistic world view.

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Athir al-Din al-Abhari

Athīr al‐Dīn al‐Mufaḍḍal ibn ʿUmar ibn al‐Mufaḍḍal al‐Samarqandī al‐Abharī, also known as Athīr al‐Dīn al‐Munajjim (d. in 1265 or 1262 Shabestar, Iran) was a philosopher, astronomer, astrologer and mathematician.

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August Dorner

*Not to be confused with Isaak August Dorner (1809-1884) August Johannes Dorner (13 May 1846 in Schiltach, Württemberg – 17 April 1920 in Hannover) was a German Protestant theologian.

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Augustan literature

Augustan literature (sometimes referred to misleadingly as Georgian literature) is a style of British literature produced during the reigns of Queen Anne, King George I, and George II in the first half of the 18th century and ending in the 1740s, with the deaths of Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift, in 1744 and 1745, respectively.

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Augustan prose

Augustan prose is somewhat ill-defined, as the definition of "Augustan" relies primarily upon changes in taste in poetry.

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Auguste Comte

Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte (19 January 1798 – 5 September 1857) was a French philosopher who founded the discipline of praxeology and the doctrine of positivism.

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Augustine of Hippo

Saint Augustine of Hippo (13 November 354 – 28 August 430) was a Roman African, early Christian theologian and philosopher from Numidia whose writings influenced the development of Western Christianity and Western philosophy.

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Augusto Del Noce

Augusto Del Noce (11 August 1910 – 30 December 1989) was an Italian philosopher and political thinker.

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Aura (paranormal)

An aura or Human energy field is, according to New Age beliefs, a colored emanation said to enclose a human body or any animal or object.

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Autonomy

In development or moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, un-coerced decision.

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Avicenna

Avicenna (also Ibn Sīnā or Abu Ali Sina; ابن سینا; – June 1037) was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age.

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Axel Hägerström

Axel Anders Theodor Hägerström (6 September 1868, Vireda – 7 July 1939, Uppsala) was a Swedish philosopher.

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Axiarchism

Axiarchism (from Greek axis "value" and arche "rule") is a metaphysical position that everything that exists, including the universe itself, exists for a good purpose.

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Ayn Rand

Ayn Rand (born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum; – March 6, 1982) was a Russian-American writer and philosopher.

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Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical

Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical is a 1995 book by Chris Matthew Sciabarra tracing the intellectual roots of 20th-century Russian-American novelist and philosopher Ayn Rand and the philosophy she developed, Objectivism.

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Ayyavazhi rituals

Ayyavazhi rituals are the religious practices prevalent among the followers of Ayyavazhi.

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Azrael (comics)

Azrael is a fictional character in the DC Comics universe.

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Ákos Pauler

Ákos Pauler (1876–1933) was a Hungarian philosopher.

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Édouard Berth

Édouard Berth (1875–1939) was a theorist of French syndicalism and disciple of Georges Sorel.

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Édouard Le Roy

Édouard Louis Emmanuel Julien Le Roy (June 18, 1870 in Paris – November 10, 1954 in Paris) was a French philosopher and mathematician.

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Émile Durkheim

David Émile Durkheim (or; April 15, 1858 – November 15, 1917) was a French sociologist.

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Émile Lasbax

Émile Lasbax was a French philosopher and sociologist of the early 20th century.

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Éric Weil

Éric Weil (/veɪl/; French:; 4 June 1904 - 1 February 1977) was a French-German philosopher noted for the development of a theory that places the effort to understand violence at the center of philosophy.

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Étienne Gilson

Étienne Gilson (13 June 1884 – 19 September 1978) was a French philosopher and historian of philosophy.

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Étienne Vacherot

Étienne Vacherot (July 29, 1809July 28, 1897) was a French philosophical writer.

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Øystein Linnebo

Øystein Linnebo (born 1971) is a Norwegian philosopher.

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Ājīvika

Ajivika (IAST) is one of the nāstika or "heterodox" schools of Indian philosophy.

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Śramaṇa

Śramaṇa (Sanskrit: श्रमण; Pali: samaṇa) means "seeker, one who performs acts of austerity, ascetic".

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Bachir Boumaaza

Bachir Boumaaza (born June 9, 1980), mostly known by the online pseudonym Athene, is a YouTube personality.

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Bahá'í Faith and the unity of religion

Unity of religion is a core teaching of the Bahá'í Faith which states that there is a fundamental unity in many of the world's religions.

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Balance (metaphysics)

In the metaphysical or conceptual sense, balance is used to mean a point between two opposite forces that is desirable over purely one state or the other, such as a balance between the metaphysical Law and Chaos — law by itself being overly controlling, chaos being overly unmanageable, balance being the point that minimizes the negatives of both.

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Bar Hebraeus

Gregory Bar Hebraeus (122630 July 1286), also known by his Latin name Abulpharagius or Syriac name Mor Gregorios Bar Ebraya, was a maphrian-catholicos (Chief bishop of Persia) of the Syriac Orthodox Church in the 13th century.

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Barbara Sattler (philosopher)

Barbara Michaela Sattler is a lecturer in philosophy at St Andrews University.

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Barry Loewer

Barry Loewer is a philosopher and Chairperson of the Rutgers University Department of Philosophy and director of the.

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Baruch Spinoza

Baruch Spinoza (born Benedito de Espinosa,; 24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677, later Benedict de Spinoza) was a Dutch philosopher of Sephardi/Portuguese origin.

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Basic limiting principle

A Basic Limiting Principle (B.L.P.) is a general principle that limits our explanations metaphysically or epistemologically, and which normally goes unquestioned or even unnoticed in our everyday or scientific thinking.

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Báb

The Báb, born Siyyid `Alí Muhammad Shírází (سيد علی ‌محمد شیرازی; October 20, 1819 – July 9, 1850) was the founder of Bábism, and one of the central figures of the Bahá'í Faith.

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Bábism

Bábism (بابیه, Babiyye), also known as the Bayání Faith (Persian:, Bayání), is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion which professes that there is one incorporeal, unknown, and incomprehensible GodBrowne, E.G., p. 15 who manifests his will in an unending series of theophanies, called Manifestations of God (Arabic). It has no more than a few thousand adherents according to current estimates, most of whom are concentrated in Iran.

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Be Here Now (book)

Be Here Now, or Remember, Be Here Now, is a 1971 book on spirituality, yoga and meditation by the Western-born yogi and spiritual teacher Ram Dass (born Richard Alpert).

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Be Here Now (George Harrison song)

"Be Here Now" is a song by English rock musician George Harrison from his 1973 album Living in the Material World.

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Begging the question

Begging the question is a logical fallacy which occurs when an argument's premises assume the truth of the conclusion, instead of supporting it.

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Beginning of human personhood

The beginning of human personhood is the moment when a human is first recognized as a person.

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Being

Being is the general concept encompassing objective and subjective features of reality and existence.

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Belief

Belief is the state of mind in which a person thinks something to be the case with or without there being empirical evidence to prove that something is the case with factual certainty.

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Bengt Hägglund

Bengt Vilhelm Hägglund (22 November 1920-8 March 2015) was a Swedish theologian.

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Benjamin King (artist)

Benjamin King (born 1977 in Durham, North Carolina) is an American artist.

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Berlin Circle

The Berlin Circle (die Berliner Gruppe) was a group that maintained logical empiricist views about philosophy.

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Bernard Bosanquet (philosopher)

Bernard Bosanquet, FBA (14 June 1848 – 8 February 1923) was a British philosopher and political theorist, and an influential figure on matters of political and social policy in late 19th and early 20th century Britain.

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Bernard d'Espagnat

Bernard d'Espagnat (22 August 1921 – 1 August 2015) was a French theoretical physicist, philosopher of science, and author, best known for his work on the nature of reality.

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Bernard O'Brien (Jesuit)

Bernard Michael O'Brien SJ (9 December 1907 – 3 January 1982"Jesuit lecturer dies", Zealandia, 17 January 1982, p. 3.) was a New Zealand Jesuit priest, philosopher, musician (cellist), writer and seminary professor.

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Bernard of Chartres

Bernard of Chartres (Bernardus Carnotensis; died after 1124) was a twelfth-century French Neo-Platonist philosopher, scholar, and administrator.

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Bernardino Varisco

Bernardino Varisco (April 20, 1850 – October 21, 1933), was an Italian philosopher and a Professor of Theoretical Philosophy at the University of Rome La Sapienza from 1905 to 1925.

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Bertrand Russell

Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, social critic, political activist, and Nobel laureate.

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Bertrand Russell's philosophical views

The aspects of Bertrand Russell views on philosophy cover the changing viewpoints of philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell (1872–1970), from his early writings in 1896 until his death in February 1970.

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Beyond Good and Evil

Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future (Jenseits von Gut und Böse: Vorspiel einer Philosophie der Zukunft) is a book by philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche that expands the ideas of his previous work, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, with a more critical and polemical approach.

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Bhagat Singh Thind

Bhagat Singh Thind (October 3, 1892 – September 15, 1967) was an Indian-American Sikh writer, scientist, and lecturer on spirituality who served in the U.S. Army during World War I and was involved in an important legal battle over the rights of Indians to obtain U.S. citizenship.

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Bijan Abdolkarimi

Bijan Abdolkarimi (born 1963 in Tehran) (بیژن عبدالکریمی) is an Iranian philosopher, thinker, translator and editor.

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Black cat analogy

The Black Cat Analogy is an analogy, accounting for the differences, mainly between science and religion, but also between others, such as philosophy and metaphysics.

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Blut Aus Nord

Blut Aus Nord is a black metal band from Mondeville, Calvados, France, which has incorporated avant-garde elements in its music.

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Boethius

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boëthius, commonly called Boethius (also Boetius; 477–524 AD), was a Roman senator, consul, magister officiorum, and philosopher of the early 6th century.

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Boetius of Dacia

Boetius de Dacia, OP (also spelled Boethius de Dacia) was a 13th-century Danish philosopher.

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Bogdan Bogdanović

Bogdan Bogdanović (20 August 1922 − 18 June 2010) was a Serbian architect, urbanist and essayist.

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Bogusław Wolniewicz

Bogusław Wolniewicz (born September 22, 1927, Toruń, died August 4, 2017, Warsaw) – Polish philosopher, logician, professor of humanities, creator of situational ontology, translator and commentator of Ludwig Wittgenstein, publicist mostly affiliated with the Radio Maryja community.

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Bon-Bon (short story)

"Bon-Bon" is a comedic short story by Edgar Allan Poe, first published in December 1832 in the Philadelphia Saturday Courier.

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Bonaventure

Saint Bonaventure (Bonaventura; 1221 – 15 July 1274), born Giovanni di Fidanza, was an Italian medieval Franciscan, scholastic theologian and philosopher.

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Book of Proverbs

The Book of Proverbs (Hebrew: מִשְלֵי, Míshlê (Shlomoh), "Proverbs (of Solomon)") is the second book of the third section (called Writings) of the Hebrew Bible and a book of the Christian Old Testament.

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Book World/Blue Star

Blue Star Productions was a Sun Lakes, Arizona-based publishing imprint of Book World, Inc. of mostly comparative spiritual traditions, mystical, metaphysical, new age, paranormal, ufology, philosophy, non-fiction, and fiction books.

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Boundaries of the Mind

Boundaries of the Mind is a thorough treatment of the role and conceptualization of the individual in psychology, by author Robert A. Wilson, a professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Alberta.

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Bourgueil

Bourgueil is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France.

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Bradley Dowden

Bradley Harris Dowden is professor of philosophy at the California State University, Sacramento.

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Brahma

Brahma (Sanskrit: ब्रह्मा, IAST: Brahmā) is a creator god in Hinduism.

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Brahma Sutras

The Brahma sūtras (ब्रह्म सूत्र) is a Sanskrit text, attributed to Badarayana, estimated to have been completed in its surviving form some time between 450 BCE and 200 CE.

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Brahman

In Hinduism, Brahman connotes the highest Universal Principle, the Ultimate Reality in the universe.P. T. Raju (2006), Idealistic Thought of India, Routledge,, page 426 and Conclusion chapter part XII In major schools of Hindu philosophy, it is the material, efficient, formal and final cause of all that exists.For dualism school of Hinduism, see: Francis X. Clooney (2010), Hindu God, Christian God: How Reason Helps Break Down the Boundaries between Religions, Oxford University Press,, pages 51–58, 111–115;For monist school of Hinduism, see: B. Martinez-Bedard (2006), Types of Causes in Aristotle and Sankara, Thesis – Department of Religious Studies (Advisors: Kathryn McClymond and Sandra Dwyer), Georgia State University, pages 18–35 It is the pervasive, genderless, infinite, eternal truth and bliss which does not change, yet is the cause of all changes. Brahman as a metaphysical concept is the single binding unity behind diversity in all that exists in the universe. Brahman is a Vedic Sanskrit word, and it is conceptualized in Hinduism, states Paul Deussen, as the "creative principle which lies realized in the whole world". Brahman is a key concept found in the Vedas, and it is extensively discussed in the early Upanishads.Stephen Philips (1998), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Brahman to Derrida (Editor; Edward Craig), Routledge,, pages 1–4 The Vedas conceptualize Brahman as the Cosmic Principle. In the Upanishads, it has been variously described as Sat-cit-ānanda (truth-consciousness-bliss) and as the unchanging, permanent, highest reality. Brahman is discussed in Hindu texts with the concept of Atman (Soul, Self), personal, impersonal or Para Brahman, or in various combinations of these qualities depending on the philosophical school. In dualistic schools of Hinduism such as the theistic Dvaita Vedanta, Brahman is different from Atman (soul) in each being.Michael Myers (2000), Brahman: A Comparative Theology, Routledge,, pages 124–127 In non-dual schools such as the Advaita Vedanta, Brahman is identical to the Atman, is everywhere and inside each living being, and there is connected spiritual oneness in all existence.Arvind Sharma (2007), Advaita Vedānta: An Introduction, Motilal Banarsidass,, pages 19–40, 53–58, 79–86.

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Branches of science

The branches of science, also referred to as sciences, "scientific fields", or "scientific disciplines" are commonly divided into three major groups.

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Branislav Petronijević

Branislav Petronijević (Serbian Cyrillic: Бранислав Петронијевић; 6 April 1875 – 4 March 1954) was a Serbian philosopher and scientist (paleontologist) who wrote books primarily in three languages, Serbian, German and French fluently.

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Brian Cantwell Smith

Brian Cantwell Smith is a scholar in the fields of cognitive science, computer science, information studies, and philosophy, especially ontology.

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Brian Cleeve

Brian Brendon Talbot Cleeve (22 November 1921 – 11 March 2003) was a writer, whose published works include twenty-one novels and over a hundred short stories.

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Brian Connor

The Rev.

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Brian Leftow

Brian Leftow (born 1956) is the Nolloth Professor of the Philosophy of the Christian Religion at Oriel College, Oxford, succeeding Richard Swinburne, who retired in 2002.

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Brian Shanley

Rev.

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Brian Sheen

Brian Sheen is an American Integrative medicine practitioner, writer,educator and lecturer on complementary and alternative medicine.

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Brian Weatherson

Brian Weatherson is the Marshall Weinberg Professor of Philosophy at The University of Michigan.

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Bridget Bate Tichenor

Bridget Bate Tichenor (born Bridget Pamela Arkwright Bate on November 22, 1917 – died on October 20, 1990), also known as Bridget Tichenor or B.B.T., was a Mexican surrealist painter of fantastic art in the school of magic realism and a fashion editor.

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Brihad Bhagavatamrita

Brihad-bhagavatamrita is a sacred text for followers of Hindu tradition of Gaudiya Vaishnavism.

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Brihadaranyaka Upanishad

The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (बृहदारण्यक उपनिषद्) is one of the Principal Upanishads and one of the oldest Upanishadic scriptures of Hinduism.

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British philosophy

British philosophy refers to the philosophical tradition of the British people.

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Brokeback Mountain (short story)

"Brokeback Mountain" is a short story by American author Annie Proulx.

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Bronisław Trentowski

Bronisław Ferdynand Trentowski (21 January 1808 in Opole – 16 June 1869) was a Polish "Messianist" philosopher, pedagogist, journalist and Freemason, and the chief representative of the Polish Messianist "national philosophy.""Trentowski, Bronisław Ferdynand," Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN, vol.

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Bruno Latour

Bruno Latour (born 22 June 1947) is a French philosopher, anthropologist and sociologist.

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Bryan Magee

Bryan Edgar Magee (born 12 April 1930) is a British philosopher, broadcaster, politician, author, and poet, best known as a popularizer of philosophy.

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Buddhism and science

Buddhism and science have increasingly been discussed as compatible, and Buddhism has entered into the science and religion dialogue.

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Buddhism and Western philosophy

Buddhist thought and Western philosophy include several interesting parallels.

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Buddhist philosophy

Buddhist philosophy refers to the philosophical investigations and systems of inquiry that developed among various Buddhist schools in India following the death of the Buddha and later spread throughout Asia.

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Burton Dreben

Burton Spencer Dreben (September 27, 1927 – July 11, 1999) was an American philosopher specializing in mathematical logic.

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By His Bootstraps

"By His Bootstraps" is a science fiction novella by American writer Robert A. Heinlein.

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Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).

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Byzantine philosophy

Byzantine philosophy refers to the distinctive philosophical ideas of the philosophers and scholars of the Byzantine Empire, especially between the 8th and 15th centuries.

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Byzantine science

Byzantine science played an important role in the transmission of classical knowledge to the Islamic world and to Renaissance Italy, and also in the transmission of Islamic science to Renaissance Italy.

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C. A. Campbell

Charles Arthur Campbell (13 January 1897 – 17 March 1974) was a Scottish metaphysical philosopher.

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C. D. Broad

Charlie Dunbar Broad (30 December 1887 – 11 March 1971), usually cited as C. D. Broad, was an English epistemologist, historian of philosophy, philosopher of science, moral philosopher, and writer on the philosophical aspects of psychical research.

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C. J. Cherryh

Carolyn Janice Cherry (born September 1, 1942), better known by the pen name C. J. Cherryh, is an American writer of speculative fiction.

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C. J. F. Williams

Christopher John Fardo Williams (31 December 1930 – 25 March 1997) was a British philosopher.

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Cabot's Pueblo Museum

Cabot's Pueblo Museum (also known as Cabot's Old Indian Pueblo Museum, Cabot's Trading Post and Yerxa's Discovery) is a historic house museum located in Desert Hot Springs, California, United States.

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Candide

Candide, ou l'Optimisme, is a French satire first published in 1759 by Voltaire, a philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment.

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Cardiognosis

In Christian theology, cardiognosis (literally Knowledge of the Heart) is a special charism that God confers on some saints.

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Carl Gustav Hempel

Carl Gustav "Peter" Hempel (January 8, 1905 – November 9, 1997) was a German writer and philosopher.

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Carl Seashore

Carl Emil Seashore, born Sjöstrand (January 28, 1866 – October 16, 1949), was a prominent American psychologist and educator.

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Carlos Alberto Leumann

Carlos Alberto Leumann (1886–1952) was an Argentine poet, teacher, and essayist.

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Carlos Reygadas

Carlos Reygadas Castillo (born October 10, 1971) is a Mexican filmmaker.

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Carlos Vaz Ferreira

Carlos Vaz Ferreira (October 15, 1872 – January 3, 1958) was an Uruguayan philosopher, writer, and academic.

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Carrie Figdor

Carrie Figdor is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Iowa.

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Carrie Ichikawa Jenkins

Carrie Ichikawa Jenkins holds a Canada Research Chair and is Professor of Philosophy at the University of British Columbia.

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Cartesianism

Cartesianism is the philosophical and scientific system of René Descartes and its subsequent development by other seventeenth century thinkers, most notably Nicolas Malebranche and Baruch Spinoza.

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Cat Stevens

Yusuf Islam (born Steven Demetre Georgiou), commonly known by his former stage name Cat Stevens, is a British singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist.

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Category mistake

A category mistake, or category error, or categorical mistake, or mistake of category, is a semantic or ontological error in which things belonging to a particular category are presented as if they belong to a different category, or, alternatively, a property is ascribed to a thing that could not possibly have that property.

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Category of being

In ontology, the different kinds or ways of being are called categories of being; or simply categories.

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Catherine Pickstock

Catherine Pickstock (active 1988-) is an English philosophical theologian.

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Catholic ecclesiology

The Ecclesiology of the Catholic Church is the area of Catholic theology covering the nature, structure, and constitution of the Catholic Church itself on a metaphysical and revealed level.

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Causal closure

Physical causal closure is a metaphysical theory about the nature of causation in the physical realm with significant ramifications in the study of metaphysics and the mind.

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Causality

Causality (also referred to as causation, or cause and effect) is what connects one process (the cause) with another process or state (the effect), where the first is partly responsible for the second, and the second is partly dependent on the first.

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Causeless cause

Causeless Cause (or Uncaused Cause, All-Cause) in Theosophy, is 'An Omnipresent, Eternal, Boundless, and Immutable Principle...' also described as 'infinity' to (impersonal) 'intelligence' & (divine) 'spirit' & 'consciousness' (but also non-consciousness or at least unconsciousness) & 'essence' to 'the one life.' Causeless cause is synonymous with 'the absolute,' which 'Protologos' is often confused with, but it is not: 'first' (Gk. 'proto') denotes finite bound, but causeless cause is unbounded.

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Cave and Shadows

Cave and Shadows is a 1983 whodunit and Martial Law era “metaphysical” thrillerRoces, Alejandro R., Roses & Thorns, Opinion, The Philippine Star, philstar.com, November 10, 2009 novel written by Philippine National Artist Nick Joaquin.

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Celibacy

Celibacy (from Latin, cælibatus") is the state of voluntarily being unmarried, sexually abstinent, or both, usually for religious reasons.

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Centered world

A centered world, according to David Kellogg Lewis, consists of (1) a possible world, (2) an agent in that world, and (3) a time in that world.

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Centre for Inquiry Canada

The Centre for Inquiry Canada (CFIC) is a not-for-profit educational organization with headquarters in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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Ceresco, Wisconsin

Ceresco, also known as the Wisconsin Phalanx, was a commune founded in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin in 1844 by followers of the communitarian socialist ideas of Charles Fourier.

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Cesare Cremonini (philosopher)

Cesare Cremonini, sometimes Cesare Cremonino (22 December 1550 – 19 July 1631) was an Italian professor of natural philosophy, working rationalism (against revelation) and Aristotelian materialism (against the dualist immortality of the soul) inside scholasticism.

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Chaïm Perelman

Chaïm Perelman (20 May 1912, Warsaw – 22 January 1984, Brussels) was a Polish-born philosopher of law, who studied, taught, and lived most of his life in Brussels.

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Chad Engelland

Chad Anthony Engelland is an American philosopher and Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of Dallas.

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Chakra

Chakras (Sanskrit: चक्र, IAST: cakra, Pali: cakka, lit. wheel, circle) are the various focal points in the subtle body used in a variety of ancient meditation practices, collectively denominated as Tantra, or the esoteric or inner traditions of Indian religion, Chinese Taoism, Tibetan Buddhism, as well as Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, and in postmodernity, in new age medicine, and originally psychologically adopted to the western mind through the assistance of Carl G. Jung.

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Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad

Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad, FBA is Distinguished Professor of Comparative Religion and Philosophy at Lancaster University.

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Characteristica universalis

The Latin term characteristica universalis, commonly interpreted as universal characteristic, or universal character in English, is a universal and formal language imagined by the German polymathic genius, mathematician, scientist and philosopher Gottfried Leibniz able to express mathematical, scientific, and metaphysical concepts.

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Charles B. Martin

Charles B. Martin (1924–2008) was an Australian philosopher noted for work in metaphysics and the philosophy of mind.

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Charles Babbage

Charles Babbage (26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English polymath.

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Charles Bernard Renouvier

Charles Bernard Renouvier (January 1, 1815 – September 1, 1903) was a French philosopher.

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Charles Bonnet

Charles Bonnet (13 March 1720 – 20 May 1793), Genevan naturalist and philosophical writer, was born at Geneva, of a French family driven into the region by the religious persecution in the 16th century.

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Charles De Koninck

Charles De Koninck (29 July 1906 – 13 February 1965) was a Belgian-Canadian Thomist philosopher and theologian.

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Charles De Smedt

Charles De Smedt (6 April 1833, Ghent, Belgium4 March 1911, Brussels) was a Belgian Jesuit priest and hagiographer.

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Charles Dickinson (author)

Charles Dickinson (born June 4, 1951) is an American writer known for his literary novels which often mix realism with winsome absurdity.

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Charles Hartshorne

Charles Hartshorne (June 5, 1897 – October 9, 2000) was an American philosopher who concentrated primarily on the philosophy of religion and metaphysics.

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Charles Malik

Charles Habib Malik (sometimes spelled Charles Habib Malek; 1906 - 28 December 1987; شارل مالك) was a Lebanese academic, diplomat, and philosopher.

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Charles Secrétan

Charles Secretan (1815–1895) was a Swiss philosopher.

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Charles Umpherston Aitchison

Sir Charles Umpherston Aitchison (1832 – 1896), was a Scottish born Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab, then a province of British India.

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Charles Upton (poet)

Charles Upton (born December 13, 1948) is an American poet and metaphysician.

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Charlie Kaufman

Charles Stuart Kaufman (born November 19, 1958) is an American screenwriter, producer, director, and lyricist.

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Charlotte Witt

Charlotte Witt (born 27 September 1951) is a Professor of Philosophy and Humanities at the University of New Hampshire.

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Charon's obol

Charon's obol is an allusive term for the coin placed in or on the mouth of a dead person before burial.

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Charvaka

Charvaka (IAST: Cārvāka), originally known as Lokāyata and Bṛhaspatya, is the ancient school of Indian materialism.

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Child's Play (1972 film)

Child's Play is a 1972 American drama-mystery film directed by Sidney Lumet.

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Chinese creation myths

Chinese creation myths are symbolic narratives about the origins of the universe, earth, and life.

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Chinese Library Classification

The Chinese Library Classification (CLC), also known as Classification for Chinese Libraries (CCL), is effectively the national library classification scheme in China.

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Chinese philosophy

Chinese philosophy originates in the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, during a period known as the "Hundred Schools of Thought", which was characterized by significant intellectual and cultural developments.

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Chiropractic

Chiropractic is a form of alternative medicine mostly concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, especially the spine.

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Christian anthropology

In the context of Christian theology, Christian anthropology refers to the study of the human ("anthropology") as it relates to God.

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Christian culture

Christian culture is the cultural practices common to Christianity.

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Christian denomination

A Christian denomination is a distinct religious body within Christianity, identified by traits such as a name, organisation, leadership and doctrine.

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Christian naturism

Christian naturism is the practise of naturism or nudism by Christians.

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Christian theology

Christian theology is the theology of Christian belief and practice.

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Christian Wolff (philosopher)

Christian Wolff (less correctly Wolf,; also known as Wolfius; ennobled as Christian Freiherr von Wolff; 24 January 1679 – 9 April 1754) was a German philosopher.

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Christine Korsgaard

Christine Marion Korsgaard FBA (born April 9, 1952) is an American philosopher and Arthur Kingsley Porter Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University whose main scholarly interests are in moral philosophy and its history; the relation of issues in moral philosophy to issues in metaphysics, the philosophy of mind, and the theory of personal identity; the theory of personal relationships; and in normativity in general.

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Christoph Scheiner

Christoph Scheiner SJ (25 July 1573 (or 1575) – 18 June 1650) was a Jesuit priest, physicist and astronomer in Ingolstadt.

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Christopher Hills

Christopher Hills (April 9, 1926 – January 31, 1997) was an English-born author, philosopher, and scientist, popularly described as the "Father of Spirulina" for popularizing spirulina cyanobacteria as a food supplement.

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Christopher Nolan

Christopher Edward Nolan (born 30 July 1970) is an English film director, screenwriter, and producer who holds both British and American citizenship.

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Chronosophy

Chronosophy is the neologistic designation given by scholar Julius Thomas (J.T.) Fraser to "the interdisciplinary and normative study of time sui generis.".

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Cinematic style of Abbas Kiarostami

The Iranian film director Abbas Kiarostami is known for uses of certain themes and cinematic techniques that are instantly recognizable in his work, from the use of child protagonists and stories that take place in rural villages, to conversations that unfold inside cars utilizing stationary mounted cameras.

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Cipher (band)

Cipher is an American hardcore punk, metalcore band that formed in 1996 in Long Beach, New York.

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Circadian (album)

Circadian is a concept album and the first full-length studio album by 5th Projekt.

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Cisza (film)

Cisza (Silence) is a 2001 Polish film directed by Michal Rosa from a screenplay by Rosa and Krzysztof Piesiewicz.

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Civic virtue

Civic virtue is the cultivation of habits important for the success of the community.

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Classics

Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity.

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Claude Buffier

Claude Buffier (25 May 1661 – 17 May 1737), French philosopher, historian and teacher, was born in Poland of French parents, who returned to France and settled at Rouen soon after his birth.

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Claudine Tiercelin

Claudine Tiercelin is a French philosopher, working on metaphysics and philosophy of science.

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Clément Rosset

Clément Rosset (12 October 1939 – 28 March 2018) was a French philosopher and writer.

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Clemens Timpler

Clemens Timpler (1563, Stolpen – 28 February 1624, Steinfurt) was a German philosopher, physicist and theologian.

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Clemente Rebora

Clemente Rebora (6 January 1885 – 1 November 1957) was a poet from Milan, Italy.

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Closer to Truth

Closer to Truth is a continuing television series on public television originally created, produced and hosted by Robert Lawrence Kuhn.

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Clotilde de Vaux

Clotilde de Vaux, born Clotilde Marie (April 3, 1815 in Paris – April 5, 1846 in Paris), is known to have inspired the French philosopher Auguste Comte's Religion of Humanity.

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Coast to Coast AM

Coast to Coast AM is an American late-night radio talk show that deals with a variety of topics.

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Coastline (magazine)

Coastline is an online-only magazine edited by Michael J.S. Cox.

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Coherentism

Coherentism is the name given to a few philosophical theories in modern epistemology.

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Colin McGinn

Colin McGinn (born 10 March 1950) is a British philosopher.

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Colin Wilson

Colin Henry Wilson (26 June 1931 – 5 December 2013) was an English writer, philosopher and novelist.

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Colonialism

Colonialism is the policy of a polity seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of developing or exploiting them to the benefit of the colonizing country and of helping the colonies modernize in terms defined by the colonizers, especially in economics, religion and health.

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Coloniality of gender

The coloniality of gender is a concept developed by feminist philosopher María Lugones, which she defines as "the analysis of racialized, capitalist, gender oppression", while the process of potentially overcoming this practice can be defined as "decolonial feminism".

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Columba Marmion

Columba Marmion, OSB, born Joseph Aloysius Marmion (April 1, 1858 – January 30, 1923) was a Roman Catholic Benedictine Irish monk and the third Abbot of Maredsous Abbey in Belgium.

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Columbia University Department of Philosophy

The Columbia University Department of Philosophy is ranked 11th in the US and 12th in the English-speaking world, in the 2011 ranking of philosophy departments by The Philosophical Gourmet Report (it was ranked 13th and 14th in the previous 2009 ranking).

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Commentaries on Aristotle

Commentaries on Aristotle refers to the great mass of literature produced, especially in the ancient and medieval world, to explain and clarify the works of Aristotle.

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Common sense

Common sense is sound practical judgment concerning everyday matters, or a basic ability to perceive, understand, and judge that is shared by ("common to") nearly all people.

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Comparative religion

Comparative religion is the branch of the study of religions concerned with the systematic comparison of the doctrines and practices of the world's religions.

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Compatibilism

Compatibilism is the belief that free will and determinism are mutually compatible and that it is possible to believe in both without being logically inconsistent.

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Conatus

In early philosophies of psychology and metaphysics, conatus (Latin for "effort; endeavor; impulse, inclination, tendency; undertaking; striving") is an innate inclination of a thing to continue to exist and enhance itself.

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Conceit

In modern literary criticism, in particular of genre fiction, conceit frequently means an extended rhetorical device, summed up in a short phrase, that refers to a situation which either does not exist or exists very infrequently but which is necessary to the plot.

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Conceptions of God

Conceptions of God in monotheist, pantheist, and panentheist religions – or of the supreme deity in henotheistic religions – can extend to various levels of abstraction.

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Conceptual system

A conceptual system is a system that is composed of non-physical objects, i.e. ideas or concepts.

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Concupiscence

Concupiscence (from Late Latin noun concupiscentia, from the Latin verb concupiscere, from con-, "with", here an intensifier, + cupi(d)-, "desiring" + -escere, a verb-forming suffix denoting beginning of a process or state) is an ardent, usually sensual, longing.

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Conny Méndez

Juana María de la Concepción Méndez Guzmán, commonly referred as Conny Méndez (11 April 1898 – 26 November 1979) was a Venezuelan composer, singer, writer, caricaturist, actress and metaphysicist.

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Conscience

Conscience is an aptitude, faculty, intuition or judgment that assists in distinguishing right from wrong.

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Constantin Rădulescu-Motru

Constantin Rădulescu-Motru (born Constantin Rădulescu, he added the surname Motru in 1892; February 15, 1868 – March 6, 1957) was a Romanian philosopher, psychologist, sociologist, logician, academic, dramatist, as well as centre-left nationalist politician with a noted anti-fascist discourse.

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Container space

The container theory of space is a metaphysical theory according to which space is a background against which objects rest and move, with the implication that it can continue to exist in the absence of matter.

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Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity

Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity is a 1989 book by the American philosopher Richard Rorty, based on two sets of lectures he gave at University College, London and at Trinity College, Cambridge.

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Continuity thesis

In the history of ideas, the continuity thesis is the hypothesis that there was no radical discontinuity between the intellectual development of the Middle Ages and the developments in the Renaissance and early modern period.

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Contributions to Philosophy

Contributions to Philosophy (Beiträge zur Philosophie (Vom Ereignis)) is a work by German philosopher Martin Heidegger. It was first translated into English by Parvis Emad and Kenneth Maly and published by Indiana University Press in 1999 as Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning). In 2012, a new translation was done by Richard Rojcewicz and Daniela Vallega-Neu and published by Indiana University Press as Contributions to Philosophy (Of the Event). Composed privately between 1936 and 1938, but not available to the public until it was published in Germany in 1989, the work is thought to reflect "the turn" (die Kehre) in Heidegger's thought after Being and Time (1927).

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Coral Hull

Coral Hull (born 1965) is an author, poet, artist and photographer living in Darwin, Australia.

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Corey Haim

Corey Ian Haim (December 23, 1971 – March 10, 2010) was a Canadian actor, known for a 1980s Hollywood career as a teen idol.

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Cornelius Gemma

Cornelius (or Cornelio) Gemma (28 February 1535 – 12 October 1578) was a physician, astronomer and astrologer, and the oldest son of cartographer and instrument-maker Gemma Frisius.

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Cornelius Van Til

Cornelius Van Til (May 3, 1895 – April 17, 1987) was a Dutch Christian philosopher and Reformed theologian, who is credited as being the originator of modern presuppositional apologetics.

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Cosmic pluralism

Cosmic pluralism, the plurality of worlds, or simply pluralism, describes the philosophical belief in numerous "worlds" (planets, dwarf planets or natural satellites) in addition to Earth (possibly an infinite number), which may harbour extraterrestrial life.

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Cosmogony

Cosmogony is any model concerning the origin of either the cosmos or universe.

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Cosmology

Cosmology (from the Greek κόσμος, kosmos "world" and -λογία, -logia "study of") is the study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe.

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Cosmology (philosophy)

Philosophical cosmology, philosophy of cosmology or philosophy of cosmos is a discipline directed to the philosophical contemplation of the universe as a totality, and to its conceptual foundations.

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Cosmology of Tolkien's legendarium

The cosmology of J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium combines aspects of Christian theology and metaphysics, mythology (especially Germanic mythology) and pre-modern cosmological concepts in the flat Earth paradigm with the modern spherical Earth view of the solar system.

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Cosmos

The cosmos is the universe.

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Counterknowledge

Counterknowledge: How We Surrendered to Conspiracy Theories, Quack Medicine, Bogus Science and Fake History is a polemic by British writer and journalist Damian Thompson which examines the dissemination and reception of fringe theories.

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Counterpart theory

In philosophy, specifically in the area of modal metaphysics, counterpart theory is an alternative to standard (Kripkean) possible-worlds semantics for interpreting quantified modal logic.

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Craig Callender

Craig Callender (born 1968) is a philosopher of science and professor of philosophy at the University of California, San Diego.

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Crazy Therapies

Crazy Therapies: What Are They? Do They Work? is a book by psychologist Margaret Singer and Janja Lalich published by Jossey-Bass in 1996.

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Creator deity

A creator deity or creator god (often called the Creator) is a deity or god responsible for the creation of the Earth, world, and universe in human mythology.

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Critical theory

Critical theory is a school of thought that stresses the reflective assessment and critique of society and culture by applying knowledge from the social sciences and the humanities.

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Critique of Pure Reason

The Critique of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen Vernunft, KrV) (1781, Riga; second edition 1787) is a book by Immanuel Kant that has exerted an enduring influence on Western philosophy.

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Critique of the Kantian philosophy

"Critique of the Kantian philosophy" is a criticism Arthur Schopenhauer appended to the first volume of his The World as Will and Representation (1818).

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Cronopio (literature)

A cronopio is a type of fictional person appearing in works by Argentine writer Julio Cortázar (August 26, 1914–February 12, 1984).

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Cs. István Bartos

Cs.

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Cult

The term cult usually refers to a social group defined by its religious, spiritual, or philosophical beliefs, or its common interest in a particular personality, object or goal.

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Culture of Kerala

The culture of Kerala is a synthesis of Aryan and Dravidian cultures, developed and mixed for centuries, under influences from other parts of India and abroad.

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Culture of Poland

The culture of Poland is the product of its geography and its distinct historical evolution which is closely connected to its intricate thousand-year history.

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Culture of the Song dynasty

The Song dynasty (960–1279 AD) was a culturally rich and sophisticated age for China.

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Custodio García Rovira

José Custodio Cayetano García Rovira (March 2, 1780 – August 8, 1816) was a Neogranadine general, statesman and painter, who fought for the independence of New Granada from Spain, and became President of the United Provinces of the New Granada in 1816.

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Cyril Scott

Cyril Meir Scott (27 September 1879 – 31 December 1970) was an English composer, writer, and poet.

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D. J. Conway

Deanna "D.

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Dainichi Nyorai (Enjō-ji)

The at the Shingon temple of Enjō-ji in Nara is the earliest and best-substantiated work by Japanese master sculptor Unkei.

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Dalibor Vesely

Dalibor Vesely (19 June 1934 – 31 March 2015) was a Czech-born architectural historian and theorist who was influential through his teaching and writing in promoting the role of hermeneutics and phenomenology as part of the discourse of architecture and of architectural design.

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Damaris Cudworth Masham

Damaris Cudworth, Lady Masham (18 January 1659 – 20 April 1708) was an English theological writer and advocate for women's education who is characterized as a proto-feminist.

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Damascius

Damascius (Δαμάσκιος, 458 – after 538), known as "the last of the Neoplatonists," was the last scholarch of the School of Athens.

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Dan Goldstick

Daniel (Danny) Goldstick is a Canadian philosopher, writer and political activist.

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Daniel Albert Wyttenbach

Daniel Albert Wyttenbach (7 August 1746, Bern17 January 1820, Oegstgeest) was a German Swiss classical scholar.

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Daniel Bernoulli

Daniel Bernoulli FRS (8 February 1700 – 17 March 1782) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family.

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Daniel Bonevac

Daniel Bonevac is an American philosopher born in Pittsburgh.

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Daniel Cramer

Daniel Cramer (Daniel Candidus) (20 January 1568 – 5 October 1637) was a German Lutheran theologian and writer from Reetz (Recz), Brandenburg.

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Daniel David Palmer

Daniel David Palmer or D.D. Palmer (March 7, 1845 – October 20, 1913) was the founder of chiropractic.

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Danielle Macbeth

Danielle Monique Macbeth (born 1954 in Edmonton, Canada) is a philosopher whose work focuses on the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of language, metaphysics, and the philosophy of logic.

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Dany-Robert Dufour

Dany-Robert Dufour (born in 1947) is a French philosopher, professor of educational sciences at the university Paris-VIII.

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Darwin from Descent of Man to Emotions

Between 1868 and 1872, the life and work of Charles '''Darwin''' from Descent of Man to Emotions continued with aspects of his intended "Big Book" on evolution through natural selection.

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Daughter of Time Trilogy

The Daughter of Time Trilogy is the omnibus of the novels Reader, Writer, and Maker by biomedical scientist Erec Stebbins.

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Dave Sim

Dave Sim (born 17 May 1956) is a Canadian cartoonist and publisher, best known for his comic book Cerebus, his artistic experimentation, his advocacy of self-publishing and creator's rights, and his controversial political, philosophical and religious beliefs.

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David Alan Johnson

David A. Johnson (born 1952) is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Yeshiva University and has previously taught at UCLA, University of Missouri, and Syracuse University.

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David Baazov Museum of History of Jews of Georgia

The David Baazov Museum of History of Jews of Georgia is a principal museum of the Jewish history and culture in Tbilisi, Georgia.

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David Braine (philosopher)

David Braine (1940 – 17 February 2017) was a British analytic philosopher with interests in analytic Philosophy of religion and Metaphysics, who sought to marry the techniques and insights of analytical philosophy and Phenomenology to the Metaphysics of classical Thomism.

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David Charles (philosopher)

David Owain Maurice Charles is a Professor of Philosophy and Classics at Yale University.

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David Efird

David Hampton Efird (born May 18, 1974) is an American philosopher and Anglican priest.

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David Gascoyne

David Gascoyne (10 October 1916 – 25 November 2001) was an English poet associated with the Surrealist movement.

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David H. Sanford

David H. Sanford (born 1937) is a professor of philosophy at Duke University.

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David Holt (psychotherapist)

David Holt (9 February 1926 – 31 March 2002) was a psychotherapist based in London and then Oxford who trained in the tradition of Analytical psychology developed by Carl Jung.

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David Hugh Mellor

David Hugh Mellor (born 10 July 1938), also known as Hugh Mellor and usually cited as D. H. Mellor, is a British philosopher.

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David Hume

David Hume (born David Home; 7 May 1711 NS (26 April 1711 OS) – 25 August 1776) was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, who is best known today for his highly influential system of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.

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David Kaplan (philosopher)

David Benjamin Kaplan (born September 17, 1933) is the Hans Reichenbach Professor of Scientific Philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles Department of Philosophy.

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David Lewis (philosopher)

David Kellogg Lewis (September 28, 1941 – October 14, 2001) was an American philosopher.

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David M. Rosenthal (philosopher)

David M. Rosenthal is a philosopher at the City University of New York (CUNY) who has made significant contributions to the philosophy of mind, particularly in the area of consciousness.

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David Malet Armstrong

David Malet Armstrong (8 July 1926 – 13 May 2014), often D. M. Armstrong, was an Australian philosopher.

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David Manley (philosopher)

David Manley is an American philosopher specializing in metaphysics, philosophy of language, and epistemology.

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David Manners

David Joseph Manners (born Rauff de Ryther Duan Acklom, April 30, 1900 – December 23, 1998) was a Canadian-American actor who played John Harker in Todd Browning's 1931 horror classic Dracula, which starred Bela Lugosi in the title role.

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David Papineau

David Papineau (born 1947) is a British academic philosopher, born in Como, Italy.

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David S. Oderberg

Professor David S. Oderberg (born 1963) is an Australian philosopher of metaphysics and ethics based in Britain since 1987.

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David Stove

David Charles Stove (15 September 1927 – 2 June 1994), was an Australian philosopher.

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David Wiggins

David Wiggins FBA (born 8 March 1933) is a British moral philosopher, metaphysician, and philosophical logician working especially on identity and issues in meta-ethics.

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David Wood (philosopher)

David Wood (born 1946) is Centennial Professor of Philosophy, and Joe B. Wyatt Distinguished University Professor, at Vanderbilt University.

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David-Hillel Ruben

David-Hillel Ruben is a University of London professor emeritus of philosophy, now at Birkbeck College, University of London.

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Désiré-Joseph Mercier

Désiré-Félicien-François-Joseph Mercier (21 November 1851 – 23 January 1926) was a Belgian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and a noted scholar.

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De dicto and de re

De dicto and de re are two phrases used to mark a distinction in intentional statements, associated with the intentional operators in many such statements.

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De Motu (Berkeley's essay)

De motu: Sive; de motu principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum (On Motion: or The Principle and Nature of Motion and the Cause of the Communication of Motions), or simply De Motu, is an essay written by George Berkeley and published in 1721.

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De Veritate

De Veritate, prout distinguitur a revelatione, a verisimili, a possibili, et a falso is the major work of Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury.

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Dean Zimmerman

Dean W. Zimmerman is an American professor of philosophy at Rutgers University specializing in metaphysics and philosophy of religion.

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Deathspell Omega

Deathspell Omega is a French black metal band.

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Deconstruction

Deconstruction is a critique of the relationship between text and meaning originated by the philosopher Jacques Derrida.

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Deductive-nomological model

The deductive-nomological model (DN model), also known as Hempel's model, the Hempel–Oppenheim model, the Popper–Hempel model, or the covering law model, is a formal view of scientifically answering questions asking, "Why...?".

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Deep ecology

Deep ecology is an ecological and environmental philosophy promoting the inherent worth of living beings regardless of their instrumental utility to human needs, plus a radical restructuring of modern human societies in accordance with such ideas.

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Deepak Chopra

Deepak Chopra (born October 22, 1946) is an Indian-born American author, public speaker, alternative medicine advocate, and a prominent figure in the New Age movement.

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Delia Graff Fara

Delia Graff Fara (1969-2017) was an American philosopher who was professor of philosophy at Princeton University.

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Demiurge (disambiguation)

Demiurge is an Anglicisation of a Greek term, δημιουργός (demiourgos, "public worker").

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Democritus

Democritus (Δημόκριτος, Dēmókritos, meaning "chosen of the people") was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe.

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Denis Gargan

Monsignor Denis Gargan DD, VG was an Irish Catholic cleric, and educator, who served as St Patrick's College, Maynooth (Maynooth College).

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Derek Raymond

Robert William Arthur Cook (12 June 1931 – 30 July 1994), better known since the 1980s by his pen name Derek Raymond, was an English crime writer, credited with being a founder of British noir.

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Dermot Moran

Dermot Moran is an Irish philosopher specialising in phenomenology and in medieval philosophy and also active in the dialogue between analytic and continental philosophy.

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Destiny of Souls

Destiny of Souls is a book by Michael Newton (9 December 1931 – 22 September 2016), published in 2000.

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Determinism

Determinism is the philosophical theory that all events, including moral choices, are completely determined by previously existing causes.

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Devekut

Devekut, debekuth, deveikuth or deveikus (Heb. דבקות; Mod. Heb. "dedication", traditionally "clinging on" to God) is a Jewish concept referring to closeness to God.

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Devi

Devī (Sanskrit: देवी) is the Sanskrit word for "goddess"; the masculine form is Deva.

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Devi Upanishad

The Devi Upanishad (Sanskrit:देवी उपनिषत्), is one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism and a text composed in Sanskrit.

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Devi-Bhagavata Purana

The Devi Bhagavata Purana (Sanskrit: देवी भागवतपुराण), also known as the Shrimad Devi Bhagvatam and the Devi Bhagavatam, is a Sanskrit text that belongs to the Purana-genre of Hindu literature.

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Dewitt H. Parker

Dewitt H. Parker (1885–1949) was a professor of philosophy at the University of Michigan.

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Dhammapada (Radhakrishnan translation)

The Dhammapada: With introductory essays, Pali text, English translation and notes is a 1950 book written by philosopher and (later) President of India, Dr.

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Dhan Gopal Mukerji

Dhan Gopal Mukerji (ধন গোপাল মুখোপাধ্যায় Dhan Gōpāl Mukhōpādhyāy.) (6 July 1890 – 14 July 1936) was the first successful Indian man of letters in the United States and winner of Newbery Medal 1928.

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Dharmarāja Adhvarin

Dharmarāja Adhvarin (b. 17th century C.E., Khandaramanikkam, Tanjor, India) was a Hindu philosopher.

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Dialectical behavior therapy

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based psychotherapy designed to help people suffering from borderline personality disorder.

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Dialogue

Dialogue (sometimes spelled dialog in American English) is a written or spoken conversational exchange between two or more people, and a literary and theatrical form that depicts such an exchange.

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Dianetics

Dianetics (from Greek dia, meaning "through", and nous, meaning "mind") is a set of ideas and practices regarding the metaphysical relationship between the mind and body created by science fiction writer L. Ron Hubbard.

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Dietrich Tiedemann

Dietrich Tiedemann (3 April 1748, Bremervörde – 24 May 1803, Marburg) was a German philosopher and historian of philosophy born in Bremervörde.

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Dietrich von Hildebrand

Dietrich Richard Alfred von Hildebrand (12 October 1889 – 26 January 1977) was a German Roman Catholic philosopher and theologian.

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Digital philosophy

Digital philosophy is a direction in philosophy and cosmology advocated by certain mathematicians and theoretical physicists, including: Edward Fredkin, Konrad Zuse, Stephen Wolfram, Rudy Rucker, Gregory Chaitin, and Seth Lloyd.

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Dimension

In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it.

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Dimitrie Cuclin

Dimitrie Cuclin (– February 7, 1978) was a Romanian classical music composer, musicologist, philosopher, translator, and writer.

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Dimitris Lyacos

Dimitris Lyacos (Δημήτρης Λυάκος; born October 19, 1966) is a contemporary Greek poet and playwright.

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Dimitris Papaditsas

Dimitris P. Papaditsas (Δημήτρης Π. Παπαδίτσας; 1922–1987) was a Greek poet.

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Diogenes of Apollonia

Diogenes of Apollonia (Διογένης ὁ Ἀπολλωνιάτης; fl. 5th century BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher, and was a native of the Milesian colony Apollonia in Thrace.

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Dionisio Laurerio

Dionisio Laurerio (1497–1542) (also known as fra Dionisio di Benevento and as the Cardinal of San Marcello) was an Italian Roman Catholic cleric who was the superior general of the Servite Order from 1535 to 1542, a cardinal from 1539, and a bishop from 1540.

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Disputatio

Disputatio is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of analytical philosophy (broadly construed), including philosophies of language, logic, and mind, epistemology, and metaphysics.

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Disquisitions relating to Matter and Spirit

Disquisitions relating to Matter and Spirit (1777) is a major work of metaphysics written by eighteenth-century British polymath Joseph Priestley and published by Joseph Johnson.

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Distinct (mathematics)

In mathematics, two things are called distinct if they are not equal.

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Distress (novel)

Distress is a 1995 science fiction novel by Australian writer Greg Egan.

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Divine Incantations Scripture

The Taishang dongyuan shenzhou jing, or The Divine Incantations Scripture, is the oldest known Chinese classic text that details an apocalypse.

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Divine providence in Judaism

Divine providence (השגחה פרטית Hashgochoh Protis or Hashgaha Peratit, lit. divine supervision of the individual) is discussed throughout Rabbinic literature, by the classical Jewish philosophers, and by the tradition of Jewish mysticism.

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Divyadaan: Salesian Institute of Philosophy, Nashik

Divyadaan: Salesian Institute of Philosophy is a centre for philosophical studies at Don Bosco Marg, Nashik 422 005, India, offering bachelor's and master's degree courses in philosophy.

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Diwan (Nasir Khusraw)

The Diwan, or Divan (دیوان), is a collection of poems written and compiled by Nasir Khusraw (1004–1088 AD).

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Djwal Khul

Djwal Khul (variously spelled 'Djwhal Khul', 'Djwal Kul', the 'Master D.K.', 'D.K.', or simply 'DK'), is believed by some Theosophists and others to be a Tibetan disciple in the tradition of ancient esoteric spirituality known as The Ageless Wisdom tradition.

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DM

DM, Dm, dm, or D.M. may stand for.

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Dnyaneshwari

The Dnyaneshwari (ज्ञानेश्वरी) (IAST: Jñānēśvarī) is a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita written by the Marathi saint and poet Dnyaneshwar in the 13th century.

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Doctor Faustus (novel)

Doctor Faustus is a German novel written by Thomas Mann, begun in 1943 and published in 1947 as Doktor Faustus: Das Leben des deutschen Tonsetzers Adrian Leverkühn, erzählt von einem Freunde ("Doctor Faustus: The Life of the German Composer Adrian Leverkühn, Told by a Friend").

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Doctor Manhattan

Doctor Manhattan, often stylised as Dr.

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Documentality

Documentality is the theory of documents that underlies the ontology of social reality put forward by the Italian philosopher Maurizio Ferraris (see Ferraris 2007, 2008, 2009a and 2009b).

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Domenico Cotugno

Domenico Felice Antonio Cotugno (January 29, 1736 – October 6, 1822) was an Italian physician.

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Don Berry (author)

Don George Berry (January 23, 1932 – February 20, 2001)Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014.

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Don Eddy

Don Eddy (born November 4, 1944; Long Beach, California) is an American painter who gained initial fame as a photorealist; but his recent works have veered into the realm of metaphysics.

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Don Juan (poem)

Don Juan (see below) is a satiric poem, Gregg A. Hecimovich by Lord Byron, based on the legend of Don Juan, which Byron reverses, portraying Juan not as a womaniser but as someone easily seduced by women.

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Don't Get Me Started

"Don't Get Me Started" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Rhett Akins.

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Donald Heiney

Donald Heiney (September 7, 1921 – July 24, 1993) was a sailor and academic as well as a prolific and inventive writer using the pseudonym of MacDonald Harris for fiction.

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Donald Phillip Verene

Donald Phillip Verene (born October 24, 1937) is an American philosophy professor and author.

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Doppelgänger (1969 film)

Doppelgänger is a 1969 British science fiction film, directed by Robert Parrish and starring Roy Thinnes, Ian Hendry, Lynn Loring and Patrick Wymark.

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Dorothy Edgington

Dorothy Margaret Doig Edgington FBA (née Milne, born 29 April 1941) is a philosopher active in metaphysics and philosophical logic.

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Dorothy Riddle

Dorothy Riddle (born January 12, 1944) is an American-Canadian psychologist, feminist and economic development specialist.

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Dorthe Jørgensen

Dorthe Jørgensen (born 1959) is a Danish philosopher and theologian.

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Double counting (accounting)

Double counting in accounting is an error whereby a transaction is counted more than once, for whatever reason.

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Dualism (Indian philosophy)

Dualism in Indian philosophy refers to the belief held by certain schools of Indian philosophy that reality is fundamentally composed of two parts.

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Dubai Desert Rock Festival

The Dubai Desert Rock Festival was an event celebrating various styles of rock and metal music on one stage in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

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Duns Scotus

John Duns, commonly called Duns Scotus (1266 – 8 November 1308), is generally considered to be one of the three most important philosopher-theologians of the High Middle Ages (together with Thomas Aquinas and William of Ockham).

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Dynamism (metaphysics)

Dynamism is a general name for a group of philosophical views concerning the nature of matter.

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E. J. Lowe (philosopher)

Edward Jonathan Lowe (24 March 1950 – 5 January 2014), usually cited as E. J. Lowe but known personally as Jonathan Lowe, was a British philosopher and academic.

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Early Islamic philosophy

Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar (early 9th century CE) and lasting until the 6th century AH (late 12th century CE).

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Early modern period

The early modern period of modern history follows the late Middle Ages of the post-classical era.

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Earthdawn

Earthdawn is a fantasy role-playing game, originally produced by FASA in 1993.

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Eastern philosophy

Eastern philosophy or Asian philosophy includes the various philosophies that originated in East and South Asia including Chinese philosophy, Japanese philosophy, Korean philosophy which are dominant in East Asia and Vietnam, and Indian philosophy (including Buddhist philosophy) which are dominant in South Asia, Tibet and Southeast Asia.

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Ecclesiastical titles and styles

Ecclesiastical addresses are the formal styles of address used for members of the clergy.

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Ecology

Ecology (from οἶκος, "house", or "environment"; -λογία, "study of") is the branch of biology which studies the interactions among organisms and their environment.

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Eddie Nawgu

Eddie Nawgu (born Edwin Okeke) was a Nigerian self-proclaimed "prophet of God" and Occult practitioner.

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Eddy Zemach

Eddy M. Zemach (born in Jerusalem) is Ahad Ha'am Professor Emeritus in the Department of Philosophy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

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Eden: the Deceit

Eden: the Deceit is an award-winning Italian science fantasy role playing game by Gabriele Baldassarre and Massimo Basso with rule system written by Mario Raiola.

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Edgar S. Brightman

Edgar Sheffield Brightman (September 20, 1884 in Holbrook, Massachusetts – February 25, 1953 in Boston) was a philosopher and Christian theologian in the Methodist tradition, associated with Boston University and liberal theology, and promulgated the philosophy known as Boston personalism.

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Edinburgh University Library

Edinburgh University Library is one of the most important libraries of Scotland.

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Edith Stein

Edith Stein (religious name Teresa Benedicta a Cruce OCD; also known as St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross; 12 October 1891 – 9 August 1942), was a German Jewish philosopher who converted to Roman Catholicism and became a Discalced Carmelite nun.

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Edmond Pourchot

Edmond Pourchot (1651, Poilly – 1734, Paris) was a university professor noted for his controversial advocacy of Cartesianism (and the Cartesian theory of mechanics) in place of Aristotelianism.

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Eduard Bernstein

Eduard Bernstein (6 January 185018 December 1932) was a German social-democratic Marxist theorist and politician.

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Eduardo Barrio

Eduardo Barrio is an Argentine logician.

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Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.

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Education in early modern Scotland

Education in early modern Scotland includes all forms of education within the modern borders of Scotland, between the end of the Middle Ages in the late fifteenth century and the beginnings of the Enlightenment in the mid-eighteenth century.

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Education in Medieval Scotland

Education in Medieval Scotland includes all forms of education within the modern borders of Scotland, between the departure of the Romans from Britain in the fifth century, until the establishment of the Renaissance late fifteenth century and early sixteenth century.

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Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury

Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury (or Chirbury) KB (3 March 1582 – 20 August 1648) was an Anglo-Welsh soldier, diplomat, historian, poet and religious philosopher of the Kingdom of England.

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Edward J. Hall

Edward J. Hall (Ned Hall) is an American philosopher and Norman E. Vuilleumier Professor and Chair of the Department of Philosophy at Harvard University.

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Edward N. Zalta

Edward N. Zalta (born March 16, 1952) is a senior research scholar at the Center for the Study of Language and Information.

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Edwards Amasa Park

Edwards Amasa Park (December 29, 1808, Providence, Rhode Island – June 4, 1900) was an American Congregational theologian.

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Edwin Charles Steinbrecher

Edwin Charles Steinbrecher (April 4, 1930 – January 26, 2002) was born to parents,father Edwin E. Steinbrecher and mother Helen Clara (Siska) Steinbrecher.

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Edwin Sandys (died 1629)

Sir Edwin Sandys (9 December 1561 – October 1629) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1589 and 1626.

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Edwin Thumboo

Edwin Nadason Thumboo B.B.M. (born 22 November 1933) is a Singaporean poet and academic who is regarded as one of the pioneers of English literature in Singapore.

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Egon von Vietinghoff

Egon von Vietinghoff (February 6, 1903 in The Hague – October 14, 1994 in Zurich) was a German-Swiss painter, author, philosopher and creator of the Egon von Vietinghoff Foundation.

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Eleatics

The Eleatics were a pre-Socratic school of philosophy founded by Parmenides in the early fifth century BC in the ancient town of Elea.

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Eliseo Vivas

Eliseo Vivas (July 13, 1901 – August 28, 1991) was a 20th-century philosopher and literary theorist.

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Elizabeth Barnes

Elizabeth Barnes is an American philosopher working in feminist philosophy, metaphysics, social philosophy and ethics.

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Elizabeth Towne

Elizabeth Towne (May 11, 1865 - 1960) was an influential writer, editor, and publisher in the New Thought and self-help movements.

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Elvis and Me

Elvis and Me is a 1985 biography written by Priscilla Presley (with ghostwriter Sandra Harmon).

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Emanationism

Emanationism is an idea in the cosmology or cosmogony of certain religious or philosophical systems.

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Emerich Coreth

Professor Emerich Coreth (10 August 1919 at Raabs an der Thaya – 1 September 2006 in Innsbruck) was an Austrian Philosopher, Jesuit and Catholic Priest.

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Emil Cioran

Emil Cioran (8 April 1911 – 20 June 1995) was a Romanian philosopher and essayist, who published works in both Romanian and French.

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Emmanuel Levinas

Emmanuel Levinas (12 January 1906 – 25 December 1995) was a French philosopher of Lithuanian Jewish ancestry who is known for his work related to Jewish philosophy, existentialism, ethics, phenomenology and ontology.

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Emmanuel Mounier

Emmanuel Mounier (1 May 1905 – 22 March 1950) was a French philosopher, theologian, teacher and essayist.

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Enchiridion of Epictetus

The Enchiridion or Handbook of Epictetus (Ἐγχειρίδιον Ἐπικτήτου, Enkheirídion Epiktḗtou) (enchiridion is Greek for "that which is held in the hand") is a short manual of Stoic ethical advice compiled by Arrian, a 2nd-century disciple of the Greek philosopher Epictetus.

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Encyclopédie Méthodique

The Encyclopédie méthodique par ordre des matières ("Methodical Encyclopedia by Order of Subject Matter") was published between 1782 and 1832 by the French publisher Charles Joseph Panckoucke, his son-in-law Henri Agasse, and the latter´s wife, Thérèse-Charlotte Agasse.

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Ene Mihkelson

Ene Mihkelson (21 October 1944 in Tammeküla, Imavere Parish, Viljandi County – 20 September 2017 in Tartu) was an Estonian writer.

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Ensemble interpretation

The ensemble interpretation of quantum mechanics considers the quantum state description to apply only to an ensemble of similarly prepared systems, rather than supposing that it exhaustively represents an individual physical system.

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Enumerative induction

Enumerative induction or, as the basic form of inductive inference, simply induction, reasons from particular instances to all instances, thus an unrestricted generalization.

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Epistemicism

Epistemicism is a position about vagueness in the philosophy of language or metaphysics, according to which there are facts about the boundaries of a vague predicate which we cannot possibly discover.

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Eric T. Olson (philosopher)

Eric T. Olson is an American philosopher who specializes in metaphysics and philosophy of mind.

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Ernest Belfort Bax

Ernest Belfort Bax (23 July 1854 – 26 November 1926) was an English barrister, journalist, philosopher, men's rights advocate, socialist, and historian.

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Ernest Holmes

Ernest Shurtleff Holmes (January 21, 1887 – April 7, 1960) was an American New Thought writer, teacher, and leader.

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Ernest Norman

Ernest Leland Norman (November 11, 1904 – December 6, 1971) was an American electrical engineer,Bishop, Greg, et.

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Ernest Renan

Joseph Ernest Renan (28 February 1823 – 2 October 1892) was a French expert of Semitic languages and civilizations (philology), philosopher, historian, and writer, devoted to his native province of Brittany.

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Ernest Sosa

Ernest Sosa (born June 17, 1940) is an American philosopher primarily interested in epistemology.

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Ernesto Grassi

Ernesto Grassi (May 2, 1902 – December 22, 1991) was an Italian philosopher.

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Ernesto Sabato

Ernesto Sabato (June 24, 1911 – April 30, 2011) was an Argentine writer, painter and physicist.

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Ernst Christian Gottlieb Reinhold

Ernst Christian Gottlieb Reinhold (18 October 1793 – 17 September 1855) was a German philosopher.

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Ernst Laas

Ernst Laas (June 16, 1837, Fürstenwalde, Brandenburg, Prussia – July 25, 1885, Straßburg, Germany (now Strasbourg, France)) was a German positivist philosopher.

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Errol Harris

Errol Eustace Harris (19 February 1908 – 21 June 2009), sometimes cited as E. E. Harris, was a contemporary South African philosopher.

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Essays on Philosophical Subjects

Essays on Philosophical Subjects, by the Scottish economist Adam Smith, is a history of astronomy down to Smith's own era, plus some thoughts on ancient physics and metaphysics.

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Essence

In philosophy, essence is the property or set of properties that make an entity or substance what it fundamentally is, and which it has by necessity, and without which it loses its identity.

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Essence-Function

Essence-Function (體用, Chinese pinyin: tǐ yòng, Korean: che-yong), also called Substance and Function, is a key concept in Chinese philosophy and other Far-Eastern philosophies.

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Ethical dualism

Ethical dualism (from ancient Greek ἔθος (o ἦθος), ethos,"character", "custom", and Latin duo, "two") refers to the practice of imputing evil entirely and exclusively to a specific group of people, while disregarding or denying one's own capacity to commit evil.

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Ethical intuitionism

Ethical intuitionism (also called moral intuitionism) is a family of views in moral epistemology (and, on some definitions, metaphysics).

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Ethical movement

The Ethical movement, also referred to as the Ethical Culture movement, Ethical Humanism or simply Ethical Culture, is an ethical, educational, and religious movement that is usually traced back to Felix Adler (1851–1933).

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Ethics (Spinoza)

Ethics, Demonstrated in Geometrical Order (Ethica, ordine geometrico demonstrata), usually known as the Ethics, is a philosophical treatise written by Benedict de Spinoza.

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Eudorus of Alexandria

Eudorus of Alexandria (Εὔδωρος ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς; 1st century BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher, and a representative of Middle Platonism.

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Eugène Burnouf

Eugène Burnouf (April 8, 1801 – May 28, 1852) was an eminent French scholar and orientalist who made significant contributions to the deciphering of Old Persian cuneiform.

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Eugène Dupréel

Eugène Dupréel (February 8, 1879 – February 14, 1967) was a Belgian philosopher.

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Eulogius Schneider

Eulogius Schneider (baptized as: Johann Georg; October 20, 1756 – April 1, 1794) was a Franciscan monk, professor in Bonn and Dominican in Strasbourg.

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Eunice Olumide

Eunice Olumide MBE is a Scottish supermodel, actress and curator.

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Euthyphro

Euthyphro (translit; c. 399–395 BC), by Plato, is a Socratic dialogue whose events occur in the weeks before the trial of Socrates (399 BC), for which Socrates and Euthyphro attempt to establish a definitive meaning for the word piety (virtue).

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Euthyphro dilemma

The Euthyphro dilemma is found in Plato's dialogue Euthyphro, in which Socrates asks Euthyphro, "Is the pious (τὸ ὅσιον) loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved by the gods?" (10a) The dilemma has had a major effect on the philosophical theism of the monotheistic religions, but in a modified form: "Is what is morally good commanded by God because it is morally good, or is it morally good because it is commanded by God?" Ever since Plato's original discussion, this question has presented a problem for some theists, though others have thought it a false dilemma, and it continues to be an object of theological and philosophical discussion today.

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Evandro Agazzi

Evandro Agazzi (born 1934) is an Italian philosopher and professor at the University of Genoa.

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Evelyn Suart

Evelyn Suart, Lady Harcourt (30 April 188126 October 1950) was an English pianist.

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Everyman's Library

Everyman's Library is a series of reprinted classic literature currently published in hardback by Random House.

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Everything

Everything (or every thing), is all that exists; the opposite of nothing, or its complement.

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Ex nihilo

Ex nihilo is a Latin phrase meaning "out of nothing".

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Existence

Existence, in its most generic terms, is the ability to, directly or indirectly, interact with reality or, in more specific cases, the universe.

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Existence (disambiguation)

*Existence, a philosophical concept in metaphysics and ontology.

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Existence of God

The existence of God is a subject of debate in the philosophy of religion and popular culture.

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Existence precedes essence

The proposition that existence precedes essence (l'existence précède l'essence) is a central claim of existentialism, which reverses the traditional philosophical view that the essence (the nature) of a thing is more fundamental and immutable than its existence (the mere fact of its being).

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Existential nihilism

Existential nihilism is the philosophical theory that life has no intrinsic meaning or value.

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Experimental music

Experimental music is a general label for any music that pushes existing boundaries and genre definitions.

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Explanatory gap

In philosophy of mind and consciousness, the explanatory gap is the difficulty that physicalist theories have in explaining how physical properties give rise to the way things feel when they are experienced.

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Exploring Reality

Exploring Reality: The Intertwining of Science & Religion is a book by John Polkinghorne which offers a "progress report" on his "search for truth.

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Extension (metaphysics)

In metaphysics, extension signifies both 'stretching out' (Latin: extensio) as well as later 'taking up space', and most recently, spreading one's internal mental cognition into the external world.

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Extension (semantics)

In any of several studies that treat the use of signs—for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, and semiotics—the extension of a concept, idea, or sign consists of the things to which it applies, in contrast with its comprehension or intension, which consists very roughly of the ideas, properties, or corresponding signs that are implied or suggested by the concept in question.

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ʿAjā'ib al-makhlūqāt wa gharā'ib al-mawjūdāt

ʿAjā'ib al-makhlūqāt wa gharā'ib al-mawjūdāt, The Wonders of Creation (عجائب المخلوقات وغرائب الموجودات, meaning Marvels of creatures and Strange things existing) is book in Arabic and an important work of cosmography by Zakariya al-Qazwini who was born in Qazwin year 600 (AH)/1203.

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F. C. S. Schiller

Ferdinand Canning Scott Schiller (16 August 1864 – 6 August 1937), usually cited as F. C. S. Schiller, was a German-British philosopher.

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F. H. Bradley

Francis Herbert Bradley OM (30 January 1846 – 18 September 1924) was a British idealist philosopher.

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Fabel

Fabel is a critical term and a dramaturgical technique pioneered by the twentieth-century German theatre practitioner Bertolt Brecht.

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Fabrizio Clerici

Fabrizio Clerici (15 May 1913 – 7 June 1993) was an Italian painter.

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Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb

Faculty of Science (Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet, abbr: PMF) is one of the faculties of the University of Zagreb.

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Faith in the Earth

"Faith in the Earth" is the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche's mytho-poetic formulation of his re-valued conception of our possible experience of divinity as contained in his book Thus Spoke Zarathustra.

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Falsafatuna

Falsafatuna is a book by Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, published in 1959, which has been translated into English as Our Philosophy.

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Falsifiability

A statement, hypothesis, or theory has falsifiability (or is falsifiable) if it can logically be proven false by contradicting it with a basic statement.

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Father Edeh

Emmanuel M. P. Edeh, commonly known as Father Edeh, (born 20 May 1947) is a Nigerian Roman Catholic priest of the Holy Ghost congregation.

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Félix Ravaisson-Mollien

Jean Gaspard Félix Ravaisson-Mollien (23 October 1813 – 18 May 1900) was a French philosopher and archaeologist.

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Feliks Jaroński

Feliks Jaroński (6 June 1777 – 26 December 1827) was a Polish Catholic priest and philosopher.

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Feminist metaphysics

Where metaphysics tries to explain what is the universe and what it is like, feminist metaphysics questions how metaphysical answers have supported sexism.

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Ferdinand Ulrich

Ferdinand Ulrich (born 23 February 1931) is a German Catholic philosopher.

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Fernando Pessoa

Fernando António Nogueira Pessoa (13 June 1888 – 30 November 1935), commonly known as Fernando Pessoa, was a Portuguese poet, writer, literary critic, translator, publisher and philosopher, described as one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century and one of the greatest poets in the Portuguese language.

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Fideism

Fideism is an epistemological theory which maintains that faith is independent of reason, or that reason and faith are hostile to each other and faith is superior at arriving at particular truths (see natural theology).

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Figurative system of human knowledge

The "figurative system of human knowledge", sometimes known as the tree of Diderot and d'Alembert, was a tree developed to represent the structure of knowledge itself, produced for the Encyclopédie by Jean le Rond d'Alembert and Denis Diderot.

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Filozofia

Filozofia is an academic journal of philosophy published by the Slovak Academy of Sciences.

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Fiona Macpherson

Fiona Macpherson FRSE (born 19 October 1971) is Head of Philosophy and Director of Research in Philosophy in the School of Humanities at the University of Glasgow, where she is also Director of the Centre for the Study of Perceptual Experience.

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Firelei Baez

Firelei Báez was born in Santiago de los Caballeros in the Dominican Republic and lives and works in New York City.

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First principle

A first principle is a basic, foundational, self-evident proposition or assumption that cannot be deduced from any other proposition or assumption.

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Florence Scovel Shinn

Florence Scovel Shinn (September 24, 1871, Camden, New Jersey – October 17, 1940) was an American artist and book illustrator who became a New Thought spiritual teacher and metaphysical writer in her middle years.

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For All Practical Purposes

For All Practical Purposes (FAPP) is a pragmatic approach towards the problem of incompleteness of every scientific theory and the usage of asymptotical approximations.

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Formal distinction

In scholastic metaphysics, a formal distinction is a distinction intermediate between what is merely conceptual, and what is fully real or mind-independent.

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Fortunatus Victor Costa

Fortunatus Victor Costa (18th/19th centuries) was a minor Maltese philosopher who specialised in metaphysics.

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Four causes

The "four causes" are elements of an influential principle in Aristotelian thought whereby explanations of change or movement are classified into four fundamental types of answer to the question "why?".

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Four Worlds

The Four Worlds (עולמות Olamot/Olamos, singular: Olam עולם), sometimes counted with a prior stage to make Five Worlds, are the comprehensive categories of spiritual realms in Kabbalah in the descending chain of Existence.

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Four-dimensionalism

In philosophy, four-dimensionalism (also known as the doctrine of temporal parts) is an ontological position that an object's persistence through time is like its extension through space.

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François-Joseph Fétis

François-Joseph Fétis (25 March 1784 – 26 March 1871) was a Belgian musicologist, composer, teacher, and one of the most influential music critics of the 19th century.

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Francis Barrett (occultist)

Francis Barrett (born probably in London around 1770–1780) was an English occultist.

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Francis Bowen

Francis Bowen (September 8, 1811 – January 22, 1890) was an American philosopher, writer, and educationalist.

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Francis Clive-Ross

Francis Fabian Clive-Ross (1921–1981) was a publisher and author whose works focused on occultism, comparative religion, and the Traditionalist School.

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Francis Hutcheson (philosopher)

Francis Hutcheson (8 August 1694 – 8 August 1746) was an Irish philosopher born in Ulster to a family of Scottish Presbyterians who became known as one of the founding fathers of the Scottish Enlightenment.

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Francis Joseph Monaghan

Francis Joseph Monaghan (October 30, 1890—November 13, 1942) served as the fourth Roman Catholic Bishop of Ogdensburg, New York from 1939 to 1942.

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Francis Schaeffer

Francis August Schaeffer (January 30, 1912 – May 15, 1984) was an American Evangelical Christian theologian, philosopher, and Presbyterian pastor.

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Francis Wade

Francis C. Wade (November 11, 1907 – July 6, 1987) was an American Jesuit and professor of philosophy at Marquette University.

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Francisc Rainer

Francisc Iosif Rainer (December 28, 1874 – August 4, 1944) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian pathologist, physiologist and anthropologist.

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Francisco Canals Vidal

Francisco Canals Vidal (30 May 1922 – 7 February 2009) was a Spanish philosopher, theologian, academic and lay Catholic activist.

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Francisco Suárez

Francisco Suárez (5 January 1548 – 25 September 1617) was a Spanish Jesuit priest, philosopher and theologian, one of the leading figures of the School of Salamanca movement, and generally regarded among the greatest scholastics after Thomas Aquinas.

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Franjo Marković

Franjo Marković (or Franjo pl. Marković; Križevci, July 26, 1845 – Zagreb, September 15, 1914) was a Croatian philosopher and writer.

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Frank Cameron Jackson

Frank Cameron Jackson AO (born 1943) is an Australian analytic philosopher, currently Distinguished Professor and former Director of the Research School of Social Sciences at Australian National University.

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Frank P. Ramsey

Frank Plumpton Ramsey (22 February 1903 – 19 January 1930) was a British philosopher, mathematician and economist who made fundamental contributions to abstract algebra before his death at the age of 26.

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Frankenstein Created Woman

Frankenstein Created Woman is a 1967 British Hammer Horror film directed by Terence Fisher.

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Franz Bardon

Franz Bardon (1 December 1909 – 10 July 1958) was a Czech occultist and student and teacher of Hermetics.

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Franz Lackner

Franz Lackner (born 14 July 1956) is an Austrian prelate who currently serves as the Archbishop of Salzburg.

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Franz Samuel Karpe

Franz Samuel Karpe, Franc Samuel Karpe, František Samuel Karpe (November 17, 1747 - September 4, 1806) was a Slovenian philosopher and rector of University of Olomouc.

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Franz Xaver von Baader

Franz von Baader (27 March 1765 – 23 May 1841), born Benedikt Franz Xaver Baader, was a German Catholic philosopher, theologian, and mining engineer.

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Frederick Ferré

Frederick Pond Ferré (March 23, 1933 – March 22, 2013) was Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at The University of Georgia.

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Frederick Parker-Rhodes

Arthur Frederick Parker-Rhodes (21 November 1914 – 2 March 1987) was an English linguist, plant pathologist, computer scientist, mathematician, mystic, and mycologist, who also introduced original theories in physics.

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Frederick Sontag

Frederick Earl Sontag (October 2, 1924 – June 14, 2009. Accessed June 16, 2009.) was a professor of philosophy and author.

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Frederick Suppe

Frederick Suppe (born 1940 in Los Angeles, California) is a professor Emeritus of philosophy at the University of Maryland.

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Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg

Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg (30 November 1802 – 24 January 1872) was a German philosopher and philologist.

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Friedrich Eduard Beneke

Friedrich Eduard Beneke (17 February 1798 – c. 1 March 1854) was a German psychologist and post-Kantian philosopher.

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Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi

Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (25 January 1743 – 10 March 1819) was an influential German philosopher, literary figure, socialite, and the younger brother of poet Johann Georg Jacobi.

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Friedrich Nietzsche

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, composer, poet, philologist and a Latin and Greek scholar whose work has exerted a profound influence on Western philosophy and modern intellectual history.

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Friedrich Schleiermacher

Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (November 21, 1768 – February 12, 1834) was a German theologian, philosopher, and biblical scholar known for his attempt to reconcile the criticisms of the Enlightenment with traditional Protestant Christianity.

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Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (27 January 1775 – 20 August 1854), later (after 1812) von Schelling, was a German philosopher.

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Fritjof Capra

Fritjof Capra (born February 1, 1939) is an Austrian-born American physicist, systems theorist and deep ecologist.

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From Hell

From Hell is a graphic novel by writer Alan Moore and artist Eddie Campbell, originally published in serial form from 1989 to 1998 and collected in 1999.

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Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism

The book Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism is considered one of the fundamental works on dialectical materialism and on Leninist communism.

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Future

The future is what will happen in the time after the present.

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Future Unseen, Soundtrack for the Film

Future Unseen was the first studio album for visual artist/musician Frankie Death and the music group The Photon Belt, originally released on 7 Seater Records (Vocabularinist) in Sydney and Subversive Records in Melbourne, Australia in March, 1998.

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Fuzzy concept

A fuzzy concept is a concept of which the boundaries of application can vary considerably according to context or conditions, instead of being fixed once and for all.

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Fyodor Stepun

Fyodor Avgustovich Stepun (Фёдор А́вгустович Степу́н; February 18, 1884 – February 23, 1965) (also known as Friedrich Steppuhn) was a Russian and German writer, philosopher, historian and sociologist.

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G. E. Moore

George Edward Moore (4 November 1873 – 24 October 1958), usually cited as G. E. Moore, was an English philosopher.

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Gabriel Wagner

Gabriel Wagner (c. 1660 – c. 1717) was a radical German philosopher and materialist who wrote under the nom-de-plume Realis de Vienna. A follower of Spinoza and acquaintance of Leibniz, Wagner did not believe that the universe or bible were divine creations, and sought to extricate philosophy and science from the influence of theology.

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Galen Strawson

Galen John Strawson (born 1952) is a British analytic philosopher and literary critic who works primarily on philosophy of mind, metaphysics (including free will, panpsychism, the mind-body problem, and the self), John Locke, David Hume, Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche.

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Gareth Evans (philosopher)

Gareth Evans (12 May 1946 – 10 August 1980) was a British philosopher who made substantial contributions to logic, philosophy of language and philosophy of mind.

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Gareth Matthews

Gareth Matthews (July 8, 1929 – April 17, 2011) was an American philosopher who specialized in ancient philosophy, philosophy of childhood and philosophy for children.

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Gasper Grima

Gasper Grima (c.1680–1745) was a minor Maltese mediaeval philosopher who specialised mainly in metaphysics and logic.

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Gaston Frommel

Gaston Frommel (November 25, 1862 in Altkirch, France – May 18, 1906 in Geneva), French theologian, professor of theology in the University of Geneva from 1894 to 1906.

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Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak

Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (born 24 February 1942) is an Indian scholar, literary theorist, and feminist critic.

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Géraud de Cordemoy

Géraud de Cordemoy (6 October 1626 in Paris – 15 October 1684 in Paris) was a French philosopher, historian and lawyer.

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Günter Figal

Günter Figal (born July 15, 1949) is a German philosopher and professor of philosophy at University of Freiburg.

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Geistesgeschichte

Geistesgeschichte (from German Geist, "spirit", and Geschichte, "history", "science") is a concept in the history of ideas denoting the branch of study concerned with the undercurrents of cultural manifestations, within the history of a people, that are peculiar to a specific timeframe.

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Gematria

Gematria (גמטריא, plural or, gematriot) originated as an Assyro-Babylonian-Greek system of alphanumeric code or cipher later adopted into Jewish culture that assigns numerical value to a word, name, or phrase in the belief that words or phrases with identical numerical values bear some relation to each other or bear some relation to the number itself as it may apply to Nature, a person's age, the calendar year, or the like.

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General Scholium

The General Scholium is an essay written by Isaac Newton, appended to his work of Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, known as the Principia.

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Generation of '50

The Generation of '50 (Generación del 50) relates to a Spanish literary movement of the mid-20th century, also known as the children of the civil war, and relates to writers born around the 1920s and published around the 1950s.

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Geoffrey Hoppe

Geoffrey Hoppe (born Geoffrey Alan Hoppe on August 26, 1955, in Appleton, Wisconsin United States) is the founder and CEO of the Crimson Circle Energy Company, Inc.

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Georg Cantor

Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor (– January 6, 1918) was a German mathematician.

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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher and the most important figure of German idealism.

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George Berkeley

George Berkeley (12 March 168514 January 1753) — known as Bishop Berkeley (Bishop of Cloyne) — was an Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "subjective idealism" by others).

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George Caruana

George Caruana (1831–1872) was a Maltese minor philosopher mostly interested in epistemology.

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George Croom Robertson

George Croom Robertson (10 March 1842 – 20 September 1892) was a Scottish philosopher.

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George Deas, Lord Deas

Sir George Deas, Lord Deas (1804–1887) was a Scottish judge.

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George Gleig

Rt Rev George Gleig FRSE FSA LLD (12 May 1753 – 9 March 1840) was a Scottish minister who transferred to the Episcopalian faith and became Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church.

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George Grote

George Grote (17 November 1794 – 18 June 1871) was an English political radical and classical historian.

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George Hammond Whalley

George Hammond Whalley (22 January 1813 – 8 October 1878) was a British lawyer and Liberal Party politician.

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George Henry Lewes

George Henry Lewes (18 April 1817 – 30 November 1878) was an English philosopher and critic of literature and theatre.

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George Molnar (philosopher)

George Molnar (1934 – 1999) was a Hungarian-born philosopher whose principal area of interest was metaphysics.

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George N. Schlesinger

George N Schlesinger (Nov 7, 1925 – June 27, 2013) was a philosopher, rabbi, and author.

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George Panthanmackel

Dr George Panthanmackel (born 19 January 1959) is Professor of Philosophy at Suvidya College, Bangalore.

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George Pappas

George Sotiros Pappas (born 1942) is a professor of philosophy at Ohio State University.

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George Santayana

Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás, known in English as George Santayana (December 16, 1863September 26, 1952), was a philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist.

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George Trumbull Ladd

George Trumbull Ladd (January 19, 1842 – August 8, 1921) was an American philosopher, educator and psychologist.

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Gerardus Everardus Tros

Gerardus Everardus Tros (December 25, 1927 – October 18, 2011) is a metaphysical philosopher and writer.

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Gerd Buchdahl

Gerd Buchdahl (12 August 1914 – 17 May 2001) was a German-English philosopher of science.

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Gestus

Gestus is an acting technique developed by the German theatre practitioner Bertolt Brecht.

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Gettier problem

The Gettier problem, in the field of epistemology, is a landmark philosophical problem concerning our understanding of knowledge.

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Gheorghe Asachi

Gheorghe Asachi (surname also spelled Asaki; March 1, 1788 – November 12, 1869) was a Moldavian, later Romanian prose writer, poet, painter, historian, dramatist and translator.

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Giambattista Vico

Giambattista Vico (B. Giovan Battista Vico, 23 June 1668 – 23 January 1744) was an Italian political philosopher and rhetorician, historian and jurist, of the Age of Enlightenment.

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Giang Le-Huy

Giang Le-Huy (Vietnamese: Lê-Huy Giang) was born in Saigon, South Vietnam.

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Gila Sher

Gila Sher is a professor of philosophy at the University of California, San Diego.

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Gilbert de la Porrée

Gilbert de la Porrée (after 1085 – 4 September 1154), also known as Gilbert of Poitiers, Gilbertus Porretanus or Pictaviensis, was a scholastic logician and theologian.

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Gilgul

Gilgul/Gilgul neshamot/Gilgulei Ha Neshamot (Heb. גלגול הנשמות, Plural: גלגולים Gilgulim) describes a Kabbalistic concept of reincarnation.

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Gilles Deleuze

Gilles Deleuze (18 January 1925 – 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher who, from the early 1960s until his death in 1995, wrote on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art.

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Giovanni Gentile

Giovanni Gentile (30 May 1875 – 15 April 1944) was an Italian neo-Hegelian idealist philosopher, educator, and fascist politician.

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Giovanni Reale

Giovanni Reale (15 April 1931 – 15 October 2014) was an Italian historian of philosophy.

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Glossary of philosophy

A glossary of terms used in philosophy.

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Glossary of spirituality terms

This is a glossary of spirituality-related terms.

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Gnosiology

Gnosiology ("study of knowledge"), a term of 18th century aesthetics, is "the philosophy of knowledge and cognition".

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God

In monotheistic thought, God is conceived of as the Supreme Being and the principal object of faith.

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God is dead

"God is Dead" (German:; also known as the Death of God) is a widely quoted statement by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche.

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God Speaks

God Speaks, The Theme of Creation and Its Purpose is the principal book by Meher Baba, and the most significant religious text used by his followers.

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God the Father

God the Father is a title given to God in various religions, most prominently in Christianity.

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Godfrey of Fontaines

Godfrey of Fontaines (born sometime before 1250, died October 29 in 1306 or 1309).

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Gonzalo Rodriguez-Pereyra

Gonzalo Rodriguez-Pereyra (born 7 August 1969) is a philosopher.

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Gordon Clark

Gordon Haddon Clark (August 31, 1902 – April 9, 1985) was an American philosopher and Calvinist theologian.

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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (or; Leibnitz; – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath and philosopher who occupies a prominent place in the history of mathematics and the history of philosophy.

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Gottlob Ernst Schulze

Gottlob Ernst Schulze (23 August 1761 – 14 January 1833) was a German philosopher, born in Heldrungen (modern-day Thuringia, Germany).

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Graça Aranha

José Pereira da Graça Aranha (June 21, 1868 – January 26, 1931) was a Brazilian writer and diplomat, considered to be a forerunner of the Modernism in Brazil.

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Grace Mann Brown

Grace Mann Brown (April 16, 1859; Pippin, Wisconsin,1925; Denver, Colorado) was an American writer and spiritual leader.

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Graham Greene

Henry Graham Greene (2 October 1904 – 3 April 1991), better known by his pen name Graham Greene, was an English novelist regarded by many as one of the greatest writers of the 20th century.

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Graham Harman

Graham Harman (born May 9, 1968) is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at SCI-Arc in Los Angeles.

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Graham Oppy

Graham Robert Oppy (born 6 October 1960) is an Australian philosopher whose main area of research is the philosophy of religion.

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Graham Priest

Graham Priest (born 1948) is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the CUNY Graduate Center, as well as a regular visitor at the University of Melbourne where he was Boyce Gibson Professor of Philosophy and also at the University of St Andrews.

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Gravity's Rainbow

Gravity's Rainbow is a 1973 novel by American writer Thomas Pynchon.

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Grégoire Orlyk

Grégoire Orlyk, also Hryhor Orlyk (Григор Пилипович Орлик, November 5, 1702, Baturyn – November 14, 1759, Minden), was a French military commander, special envoy and member of Louis XV's secret intelligence service.

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Great Books of the Western World

Great Books of the Western World is a series of books originally published in the United States in 1952, by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., to present the Great Books in a 54-volume set.

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Great chain of being

The Great Chain of Being is a strict hierarchical structure of all matter and life, thought in medieval Christianity to have been decreed by God.

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Greek contributions to Islamic world

Greece played an important role in the transmission of classical knowledge to the Islamic world and to Renaissance Italy, and also in the transmission of medieval Arabic science to Renaissance Italy.

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Gregory Chaitin

Gregory John Chaitin (born 15 November 1947) is an Argentine-American mathematician and computer scientist.

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Gregory of Nyssa

Gregory of Nyssa, also known as Gregory Nyssen (Γρηγόριος Νύσσης; c. 335 – c. 395), was bishop of Nyssa from 372 to 376 and from 378 until his death.

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Grounding (metaphysics)

Grounding is a topic in metaphysics.

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Grove City College

Grove City College (GCC) is a Christian conservative liberal arts college in Grove City, Pennsylvania.

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Grzegorz of Stawiszyn

Grzegorz of Stawiszyn (Grzegorz ze Stawiszyna; 1481–1540), was a Polish philosopher and theologian of the mid 16th century, Rector of the University of Krakow in the years 1538-1540.

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Gulshan-i Raz

Gulshan-i Raz or Gulshan-e Raz (گلشن راز, "Rose Garden of Secrets") is a collection of poems written in the 14th century by Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari.

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Guru Nanak

Guru Nanak (IAST: Gurū Nānak) (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539) was the founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.

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Gustav Landauer

Gustav Landauer (7 April 18702 May 1919) was one of the leading theorists on anarchism in Germany at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.

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Gustav Mie

Gustav Adolf Feodor Wilhelm Ludwig Mie (29 September 1868 – 13 February 1957) was a German physicist.

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H. Dean Brown

Harold Dean Brown (August 13, 1927 – June 24, 2003) was a scientist in the United States.

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H. Emilie Cady

Harriet Emilie Cady (July 12, 1848 – January 3, 1941) was an American homeopathic physician and author of New Thought spiritual writings.

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Haecceitism

In metaphysics, haecceitism is the perspective implied by the belief that entities can have haecceity or individual essence, "a set of principles which are essential to it and distinguish it from everything else." James Ladyman characterizes haecceitism as "the claim that worlds can differ solo numero, that worlds can differ de re whilst not differing de dicto, sometimes said, that worlds can differ solely by the permutation of individuals.".

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Haitian Vodou

Haitian Vodou (also written as Vaudou; known commonly as Voodoo, sometimes as Vodun, Vodoun, Vodu, or Vaudoux) is a syncretic religion practiced chiefly in Haiti and the Haitian diaspora.

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Hajime Tanabe

was a Japanese philosopher of the Kyoto School.

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Halakha

Halakha (הֲלָכָה,; also transliterated as halacha, halakhah, halachah or halocho) is the collective body of Jewish religious laws derived from the Written and Oral Torah.

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Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht

Hans Ulrich "Sepp" Gumbrecht (born 1948) is a literary theorist whose work spans philology, philosophy, literary and cultural history, and epistemologies of the everyday.

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Hans-Georg Gadamer

Hans-Georg Gadamer (February 11, 1900 – March 13, 2002) was a German philosopher of the continental tradition, best known for his 1960 magnum opus Truth and Method (Wahrheit und Methode) on hermeneutics.

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Harold Stewart

Harold Frederick Stewart (14 December 19167 August 1995) was an Australian poet and oriental scholar.

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Harriet Baber

Harriet Baber (born January 6, 1950) is a professor of Philosophy at the University of San Diego.

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Harvey Lloyd

Harvey Lloyd (Born 1926) is an American photographer and the leading figure in the "Breaking the Light" photographic movement.

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Haunting: Australia

Haunting: Australia is an Australian paranormal television series that premiered on 3 February 2014 on Syfy.

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Hauntology

Hauntology (a portmanteau of haunting and ontology) is a concept coined by philosopher Jacques Derrida in his 1993 book Spectres of Marx.

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Héctor-Neri Castañeda

Héctor-Neri Castañeda (December 13, 1924 – September 7, 1991) was a Guatemalan philosopher and founder of the journal Noûs.

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He Is There and He Is Not Silent

He Is There and He Is Not Silent is a philosophical work written by American apologist and Christian theologian Francis A. Schaeffer, Wheaton, IL:Tyndale House, first published in 1972.

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Hegelianism

Hegelianism is the philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel which can be summed up by the dictum that "the rational alone is real", which means that all reality is capable of being expressed in rational categories.

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Heinrich von Recklinghausen

Heinrich von Recklinghausen (17 April 1867 – 12 December 1942) was a German physician and scientist from Würzburg.

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Helen Beebee

Helen Beebee is the Samuel Hall Professor of Philosophy at the University of Manchester.

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Henri Bergson

Henri-Louis Bergson (18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a French-Jewish philosopher who was influential in the tradition of continental philosophy, especially during the first half of the 20th century until World War II.

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Henri Depelchin

Henri Joseph Depelchin, SJ (also Henry Depelchin) (24 January 1822, Russignies, East Flanders, Netherlands – 26 May 1900, Calcutta, District of West Bengal, British India), was a Belgian Jesuit priest and missionary in India and Africa.

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Henry Babcock Veatch

Henry Babcock Veatch, Jr. (September 26, 1911 – July 9, 1999) was an American philosopher.

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Henry Cooke (minister)

Henry Cooke D.D. (1788–1868) was an Irish Presbyterian leader of the early and mid-nineteenth century.

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Henry Harclay

Henry (of) Harclay (Henricus Harcleius, also Harcla or Harcley; c. 1270 – 25 June 1317) was an English medieval philosopher and university chancellor.

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Heraclitus

Heraclitus of Ephesus (Hērákleitos ho Ephésios) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, and a native of the city of Ephesus, then part of the Persian Empire.

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Herman Bicknell

Herman Bicknell (2 April 1830 – 14 March 1875) was an FRAS, British surgeon, orientalist, and linguist, son of Elhanan Bicknell.

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Herman Cappelen

Herman Wright Cappelen (born 1967) is a Norwegian philosopher.

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Herman Tønnessen

Herman Tønnessen (24 July 1918 – 2001) was a Norwegian–Canadian philosopher and writer.

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Hermann Lotze

Rudolf Hermann Lotze (21 May 1817 – 1 July 1881) was a German philosopher and logician.

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Hermann Ulrici

Hermann Ulrici (23 March 180611 January 1884) was a German philosopher.

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Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn

The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (Ordo Hermeticus Aurorae Aureae; or, more commonly, the Golden Dawn (Aurora Aurea)) was an organization devoted to the study and practice of the occult, metaphysics, and paranormal activities during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Hermetism and other religions

This is a comparative religion article which outlines the similarities and interactions between Hermeticism (or Hermetism) and other religions or philosophies.

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High School of Dundee

The High School of Dundee is an independent, co-educational, day school in Dundee, Scotland which provides nursery, primary and secondary education to just over one thousand pupils.

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Hilary Kornblith

Hilary Kornblith is an American Professor of philosophy at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA, and one of contemporary epistemology's most prominent proponents of naturalized epistemology.

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Hilary Lawson

Hilary Lawson is an English post-realist philosopher.

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Hilary Putnam

Hilary Whitehall Putnam (July 31, 1926 – March 13, 2016) was an American philosopher, mathematician, and computer scientist, and a major figure in analytic philosophy in the second half of the 20th century.

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Hindu philosophy

Hindu philosophy refers to a group of darśanas (philosophies, world views, teachings) that emerged in ancient India.

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Hinduism Today

Hinduism Today is a quarterly magazine published by the Himalayan Academy, a nonprofit educational institution, in Kapaʻa, Hawaiʻi, USA.

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Hiroki Azuma

(born May 9, 1971) is a Japanese cultural critic, novelist, and philosopher.

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Historical subject

Nietzsche's critique of the historical subject is based in the rejection of an existing substance in favor of forces and wills combining to form combinations, sometimes in the form of a consciousness.

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History (Australian TV channel)

History, formerly known as Fox History and The History Channel, is a television channel in Australia and New Zealand, that broadcasts non-fictional programs regarding historical events and persons, as well as various metaphysical, pseudoscientific, and paranormal phenomena—often with observations and explanations by noted historians, scholars, authors, esotericists, astrologers, and Biblical scholars as well as reenactments and interviews with witnesses, and/or families of witnesses.

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History of alternative medicine

The history of alternative medicine refers to the history of a group of diverse medical practices that were collectively promoted as "alternative medicine" beginning in the 1970s, to the collection of individual histories of members of that group, or to the history of western medical practices that were labeled "irregular practices" by the western medical establishment.

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History of calculus

Calculus, known in its early history as infinitesimal calculus, is a mathematical discipline focused on limits, functions, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series.

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History of chiropractic

The history of chiropractic began in 1895 when Daniel David Palmer of Iowa performed the first chiropractic adjustment on a partially deaf janitor, Harvey Lillard.

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History of Christian theology

The doctrine of the Trinity, considered the core of Christian theology by Trinitarians, is the result of continuous exploration by the church of the biblical data, thrashed out in debate and treatises, eventually formulated at the First Council of Nicaea in AD 325 in a way they believe is consistent with the biblical witness, and further refined in later councils and writings.

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History of East Asia

The History of East Asia covers the people inhabiting the eastern subregion of the Asian continent known as East Asia from prehistoric times to the present.

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History of economic thought

The history of economic thought deals with different thinkers and theories in the subject that became political economy and economics, from the ancient world to the present day in the 21st Century.

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History of education in Scotland

The history of education in Scotland in its modern sense of organised and institutional learning, began in the Middle Ages, when Church choir schools and grammar schools began educating boys.

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History of evolutionary thought

Evolutionary thought, the conception that species change over time, has roots in antiquity – in the ideas of the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Chinese as well as in medieval Islamic science.

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History of geomagnetism

The history of geomagnetism is concerned with the history of the study of Earth's magnetic field.

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History of Iran

The history of Iran, commonly also known as Persia in the Western world, is intertwined with the history of a larger region, also to an extent known as Greater Iran, comprising the area from Anatolia, the Bosphorus, and Egypt in the west to the borders of Ancient India and the Syr Darya in the east, and from the Caucasus and the Eurasian Steppe in the north to the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south.

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History of Islamic Philosophy

The book History of Islamic Philosophy is a collection of essays by various authorities on Islam in the Routledge series History of World Philosophies and is edited by Seyyed Hossein Nasr of George Washington University and Oliver Leaman of Liverpool John Moores University.

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History of literature

The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment, enlightenment, or instruction to the reader/listener/observer, as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication of these pieces.

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History of logic

The history of logic deals with the study of the development of the science of valid inference (logic).

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History of mineralogy

Early writing on mineralogy, especially on gemstones, comes from ancient Babylonia, the ancient Greco-Roman world, ancient and medieval China, and Sanskrit texts from ancient India.

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History of New Thought

The history of New Thought started in the 1830s, with roots in the United States and England.

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History of optics

Optics began with the development of lenses by the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians, followed by theories on light and vision developed by ancient Greek philosophers, and the development of geometrical optics in the Greco-Roman world.

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History of philosophy in Poland

The history of philosophy in Poland parallels the evolution of philosophy in Europe in general.

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History of physics

Physics (from the Ancient Greek φύσις physis meaning "nature") is the fundamental branch of science.

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History of the Encyclopædia Britannica

The Encyclopædia Britannica has been published continuously since 1768, appearing in fifteen official editions.

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History of the philosophy of field theory

Field theory had its origins in the 18th century in a mathematical formulation of Newtonian mechanics, but it was seen as deficient as it implied action at a distance.

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History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1648)

History of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1648) covers a period in the history of Poland and Lithuania, before their joint state was subjected to devastating wars in the middle of the 17th century.

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History of the social sciences

The history of the social sciences has origin in the common stock of Western philosophy and shares various precursors, but began most intentionally in the early 19th century with the positivist philosophy of science.

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History of the University of Scranton

The History of the University of Scranton began with its founding as a diocesan college by Bishop William O’Hara in 1988.

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History of theatre

The history of theatre charts the development of theatre over the past 2,500 years.

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History of universities in Scotland

The history of universities in Scotland includes the development of all universities and university colleges in Scotland, between their foundation between the fifteenth century and the present day.

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History of Western civilization before AD 500

Western civilization describes the development of human civilization beginning in Greece, and generally spreading westwards.

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Hitoshi Nagai

is one of the most influential Japanese philosophers, who teaches philosophy at Nihon University.

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Holodeck

The holodeck is a fictional plot device from the television series Star Trek.

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Holomovement

The holomovement is a key concept in David Bohm's interpretation of quantum mechanics and for his overall worldview.

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Holy Spirit (Christian denominational variations)

Christian denominations have variations in their teachings regarding the Holy Spirit.

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Home of Truth

The Home of Truth is a New Thought denomination founded in San Francisco, California founded by Annie Rix Militz.

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Home of Truth, Utah

Home of Truth is a ghost town located in San Juan County in southeastern Utah, United States.

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Homeokinetics

Homeokinetics is the study of self-organizing, complex systems.

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Hossein Nasr

Hossein Nasr (سید حسین نصر, born April 7, 1933) is an Iranian professor emeritus of Islamic studies at George Washington University, and an Islamic philosopher.

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Houston Stewart Chamberlain

Houston Stewart Chamberlain (9 September 1855 – 9 January 1927) was a British-born German philosopher who wrote works about political philosophy and natural science; he is described by Michael D. Biddiss, a contributor to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, as a "racialist writer".

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Howard Robinson

Howard Robinson (born 2 October 1945) is a British philosopher, specialising in various areas of metaphysics, best known for his work in the philosophy of mind.

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Hull Grammar School

Hull Grammar School was a secondary school in Hull, England, founded around 1330 and endowed in 1486 by Dr.

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Human

Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.

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Human nature

Human nature is a bundle of fundamental characteristics—including ways of thinking, feeling, and acting—which humans tend to have naturally.

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Human science

Human Science studies the philosophical, biological, social, and cultural aspects of human life.

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Human Traces

Human Traces is a 2005 novel by Sebastian Faulks, best known as the British author of Birdsong and Charlotte Gray.

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Human, All Too Human

Human, All Too Human: A Book for Free Spirits (Menschliches, Allzumenschliches: Ein Buch für freie Geister) is a book by 19th-century philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, originally published in 1878.

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Humanistic naturalism

Humanistic naturalism is the branch of philosophical naturalism wherein human beings are best able to control and understand the world through use of the scientific method, combined with the social and ethical values of humanism.

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Humanities

Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture.

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Hume's fork

Hume's fork is an explanation, developed by later philosophers, of David Hume's aggressive, 1730s division of "relations of ideas" from "matters of fact and real existence".

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Huna (New Age)

Huna is a Hawaiian word adopted by Max Freedom Long (1890–1971) in 1936 to describe his theory of metaphysics.

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Hypokeimenon

Hypokeimenon (Greek: ὑποκείμενον), later often material substratum, is a term in metaphysics which literally means the "underlying thing" (Latin: subiectum).

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Hypostatic abstraction

Hypostatic abstraction in mathematical logic, also known as hypostasis or subjectal abstraction, is a formal operation that transforms a predicate into a relation; for example "Honey is sweet" is transformed into "Honey has sweetness".

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I Was Dora Suarez

I was Dora Suarez, published in 1990, is a detective novel by Derek Raymond.

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Ian Ramsey

Ian Thomas Ramsey (31 January 1915 – 6 October 1972) was a British Anglican bishop and academic.

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Ian Rumfitt

Ian Rumfitt is a British philosopher currently serving as a senior research fellow of All Souls College, Oxford.

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Ibn al-Nafis

Ala-al-din abu Al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Dimashqi (Arabic: علاء الدين أبو الحسن عليّ بن أبي حزم القرشي الدمشقي), known as Ibn al-Nafis (Arabic: ابن النفيس), was an Arab physician mostly famous for being the first to describe the pulmonary circulation of the blood.

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Idealism

In philosophy, idealism is the group of metaphysical philosophies that assert that reality, or reality as humans can know it, is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed, or otherwise immaterial.

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Idobi Radio

idobi Radio is a modern rock Internet radio station focusing on new pop punk and alternative music.

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If a tree falls in a forest

"If a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound?" is a philosophical thought experiment that raises questions regarding observation and perception.

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Ignacio Ellacuría

Ignacio Ellacuría, S.J. (Portugalete, Biscay, Spain, November 9, 1930 – San Salvador, November 16, 1989) was a Jesuit priest, philosopher, and theologian who did important work as a professor and rector at the Universidad Centroamericana "José Simeón Cañas" (UCA), a Jesuit university in El Salvador founded in 1965.

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Ihab Hassan

Ihab Habib Hassan (October 17, 1925 – September 10, 2015) was an Arab American literary theorist and writer born in Egypt.

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Illusionism (philosophy)

Illusionism is a metaphysical theory first propounded by professor Saul Smilansky of the University of Haifa.

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Immanence

The doctrine or theory of immanence holds that the divine encompasses or is manifested in the material world.

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Immanuel Hermann Fichte

Immanuel Hermann Fichte (ennobled as Immanuel Hermann von Fichte in 1863; 18 July 1796 – 8 August 1879) was a German philosopher and son of Johann Gottlieb Fichte.

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Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher who is a central figure in modern philosophy.

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Impenetrability

In metaphysics, impenetrability is the name given to that quality of matter whereby two bodies cannot occupy the same space at the same time.The philosopher John Toland argued that impenetrability and extension were sufficient to define matter, a contention strongly disputed by Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz.

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Implicate and explicate order

Implicate order and explicate order are ontological concepts for quantum theory coined by theoretical physicist David Bohm during the early 1980s.

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Impossible world

In philosophical logic, the concept of an impossible world (sometimes non-normal world) is used to model certain phenomena that cannot be adequately handled using ordinary possible worlds.

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In-yer-face theatre

In-yer-face theatre is a style of drama that emerged in Great Britain in the 1990s.

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Incorporeality

Incorporeal or uncarnate means without a physical body, presence or form.

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Indeterminism

Indeterminism is the idea that events (certain events, or events of certain types) are not caused, or not caused deterministically.

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Index of branches of science

Science (from Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.

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Index of metaphysics articles

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that investigates principles of reality transcending those of any particular science.

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Index of philosophy articles (D–H)

No description.

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Index of philosophy articles (I–Q)

No description.

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Index of religious honorifics and titles

This is an index of religious honorifics from various religions.

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Indexicality

In semiotics, linguistics, anthropology and philosophy of language, indexicality is the phenomenon of a sign pointing to (or indexing) some object in the context in which it occurs.

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Indian mathematics

Indian mathematics emerged in the Indian subcontinent from 1200 BC until the end of the 18th century.

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Indian philosophy

Indian philosophy refers to ancient philosophical traditions of the Indian subcontinent.

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Individual

An individual is that which exists as a distinct entity.

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Individualism

Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that emphasizes the moral worth of the individual.

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Inductivism

Inductivism is the traditional model of scientific method attributed to Francis Bacon, who in 1620 vowed to subvert allegedly traditional thinking.

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Inforg

An inforg is an informationally embodied organism, entity made up of information, that exists in the infosphere.

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Informal logic

Informal logic, intuitively, refers to the principles of logic and logical thought outside of a formal setting.

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Infosphere

Infosphere is a neologism composed of information and sphere.

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Instantiation principle

The principle of instantiation or principle of exemplification is the concept in metaphysics and logic that there can be no uninstantiated or unexemplified properties (or universals).

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Intelligence

Intelligence has been defined in many different ways to include the capacity for logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, and problem solving.

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Intelligent design

Intelligent design (ID) is a religious argument for the existence of God, presented by its proponents as "an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins",Numbers 2006, p. 373; " captured headlines for its bold attempt to rewrite the basic rules of science and its claim to have found indisputable evidence of a God-like being.

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International Association for Computing and Philosophy

The International Association for Computing and Philosophy is a professional, philosophical association emerging from a history of conferences that began in 1986.

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Interpretations of quantum mechanics

An interpretation of quantum mechanics is an attempt to explain how concepts in quantum mechanics correspond to reality.

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Interstate 60 (film)

There is no actual highway named Interstate 60 in the United States.

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Intuition (Bergson)

Intuition is the philosophical method of French philosopher Henri Bergson.

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Iolo Morganwg

Edward Williams, better known by his bardic name Iolo Morganwg (10 March 1747 – 18 December 1826), was an influential Welsh antiquarian, poet, collector, and literary forger.

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Ion Creangă

Ion Creangă (also known as Nică al lui Ștefan a Petrei, Ion Torcălău and Ioan Ștefănescu; March 1, 1837 – December 31, 1889) was a Moldavian, later Romanian writer, raconteur and schoolteacher.

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Ion Luca Caragiale

Ion Luca Caragiale (commonly referred to as I. L. Caragiale; According to his birth certificate, published and discussed by Constantin Popescu-Cadem in Manuscriptum, Vol. VIII, Nr. 2, 1977, p.179-184 – 9 June 1912) was a Wallachian, later Romanian playwright, short story writer, poet, theater manager, political commentator and journalist.

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Ion Petrovici

Ion (Ioan) Petrovici (June 2/14 1882 – February 17, 1972), Romanian professor of philosophy at the University of Iaşi, Member of the Romanian Academy and Minister of National Education in the far right Goga ministry.

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Ionel Gherea

Ionel Gherea, also known as Ioan Dobrogeanu-Gherea or Ion D. Gherea (Francized J. D. Ghéréa; 1895 – November 5, 1978), was a Romanian philosopher, essayist, and concert pianist.

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Iranian philosophy

Iranian philosophy (Persian:فلسفه ایرانی) or Persian philosophy can be traced back as far as to Old Iranian philosophical traditions and thoughts which originated in ancient Indo-Iranian roots and were considerably influenced by Zarathustra's teachings.

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Irrational Man

Irrational Man: A Study In Existential Philosophy is a 1958 book by the philosopher William Barrett, in which the author explains the philosophical background of existentialism and provides a discussion of several major existentialist thinkers, including Søren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, and Jean-Paul Sartre.

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Irrealism (philosophy)

Irrealism is a philosophical position first advanced by Nelson Goodman in "Ways of Worldmaking", encompassing epistemology, metaphysics, and aesthetics.

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Irving Goldman

Irving Goldman (September 2, 1911 – April 7, 2002) was an American anthropologist.

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Is Logic Empirical?

"Is Logic Empirical?" is the title of two articles (one by Hilary Putnam and another by Michael Dummett) that discuss the idea that the algebraic properties of logic may, or should, be empirically determined; in particular, they deal with the question of whether empirical facts about quantum phenomena may provide grounds for revising classical logic as a consistent logical rendering of reality.

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Is Theosophy a Religion?

"Is Theosophy a Religion?" is an editorial published in November 1888 in the theosophical magazine ''Lucifer''; it was compiled by Helena Blavatsky.

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Isaac Albalag

Isaac Albalag (יצחק אלבלג) was a Jewish philosopher of the second half of the 13th century.

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Isaac Israeli ben Solomon

Isaac Israeli ben Solomon (Hebrew: Yitzhak ben Shlomo ha-Yisraeli; Arabic: Abu Ya'qub Ishaq ibn Suleiman al-Isra'ili) (c. 832 – c. 932), also known as Isaac Israeli the Elder and Isaac Judaeus, was one of the foremost Arab Jewish physicians and philosophers of his time.

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Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, astronomer, theologian, author and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution.

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Isaac Newton in popular culture

Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, natural philosopher, theologian, alchemist and one of the most influential scientists in human history.

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Isaac Orobio de Castro

from the Jewish Encyclopedia --> Balthazar (Isaac) Orobio de Castro (c.1617 in Bragança, Portugal – November 7, 1687 in Amsterdam), was a Jewish philosopher, physician and religious apologist.

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Isaac Rülf

Isaac (Yitzhak) Rülf (February 10, 1831 – September 18, 1902) was a Jewish teacher, journalist and philosopher.

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Isabelle Eberhardt

Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt (17 February 1877 – 21 October 1904) was a Swiss explorer and author.

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Islam in Iran

The Islamic conquest of Persia (637–651) led to the end of the Sasanian Empire and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia.

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Islamic philosophy

In the religion of Islam, two words are sometimes translated as philosophy—falsafa (literally "philosophy"), which refers to philosophy as well as logic, mathematics, and physics; and Kalam (literally "speech"), which refers to a rationalist form of Islamic philosophy and theology based on the interpretations of Aristotelianism and Neoplatonism as developed by medieval Muslim philosophers.

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Ismail al-Faruqi

Isma'il Raji al-Faruqi (إسماعيل راجي الفاروقي January 1, 1921 – May 27, 1986), was a Palestinian-American philosopher, widely recognised by his peers as an authority on Islam and comparative religion.

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Italian literature

Italian literature is written in the Italian language, particularly within Italy.

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Ivan Aguéli

Ivan Aguéli (born John Gustaf Agelii) (May 24, 1869 - October 1, 1917) also named Sheikh 'Abd al-Hādī 'Aqīlī (شيخ عبد الهادی عقیلی) upon his conversion to Islam, was a Swedish wandering Sufi, painter and author.

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Iyengar

Iyengar or Ayyangar or Aiyengar is a caste of Hindu Brahmins of Tamil origin whose members follow the Visishtadvaita philosophy propounded by Ramanuja.

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J. J. C. Smart

John Jamieson Carswell "Jack" Smart AC (16 September 1920 – 6 October 2012) was an Australian philosopher and academic, and was appointed as an Emeritus Professor by the Australian National University.

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J. L. Mackie

John Leslie Mackie (25 August 1917 – 12 December 1981) was an Australian philosopher, originally from Sydney.

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J. M. E. McTaggart

John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart, FBA, commonly John McTaggart or J. M. E. McTaggart (3 September 1866 – 18 January 1925), was an idealist metaphysician.

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J. P. Moreland

James Porter Moreland (born March 9, 1948), better known as J. P. Moreland, is an American philosopher, theologian, and Christian apologist.

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Jack Flanders

Jack Flanders, full name Jonathan L. Flanders, is the protagonist of a series of audio dramas produced by the ZBS Foundation.

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Jack Sarfatti

Jack Sarfatti (born September 14, 1939) is an American theoretical physicist.

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Jacob Anatoli

Jacob ben Abba Mari ben Simson Anatoli (c. 1194 – 1256) was a translator of Arabic texts to Hebrew.

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Jacob ben Judah Landau

Jacob ben Judah Landau (died 1493) (יעקב ברוך בן יהודה לנדא) was a German-Italian rabbi and halakhic codifier.

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Jacob Gould Schurman

Jacob Gould Schurman (May 2, 1854 – August 12, 1942) was a Canadian-born educator and diplomat, who served as President of Cornell University and United States Ambassador to Germany.

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Jacob Lorhard

Jacob Lorhard (Jacobus Lorhardus; 1561 – 19 May 1609) was a German philosopher and pedagogue based in St. Gallen, Switzerland.

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Jacob's Ladder (1990 film)

Jacob's Ladder is a 1990 American psychological horror film directed by Adrian Lyne, produced by Alan Marshall, written by Bruce Joel Rubin and starring Tim Robbins, Elizabeth Peña, and Danny Aiello.

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Jacobo Fijman

Jacobo Fijman (1898–1970) was an Argentine poet born in Orhei, Bessarabia, now in Moldova.

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Jacqueline de Romilly

Jacqueline Worms de Romilly (née David, 26 March 1913 – 18 December 2010) was a Franco-Greek philologist, classical scholar and fiction writer.

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Jacques Derrida

Jacques Derrida (born Jackie Élie Derrida;. See also. July 15, 1930 – October 9, 2004) was a French Algerian-born philosopher best known for developing a form of semiotic analysis known as deconstruction, which he discussed in numerous texts, and developed in the context of phenomenology.

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Jacques Maritain

Jacques Maritain (18 November 1882 – 28 April 1973) was a French Catholic philosopher.

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Jacques Rohault

Jacques Rohault (1618–1672) was a French philosopher, physicist and mathematician, and a follower of Cartesianism.

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Jacques Viret

Jacques Viret (born 19 October 1943) is a contemporary French musicologist of Swiss origin.

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Jaegwon Kim

Jaegwon Kim (born September 12, 1934) is a Korean-American philosopher who is now an emeritus professor at Brown University, but who also taught at several other leading American universities.

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Jakob Böhme

Jakob Böhme (1575 – 17 November 1624) was a German philosopher, Christian mystic, and Lutheran Protestant theologian.

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Jakob Friedrich Fries

Jakob Friedrich Fries (23 August 1773 – 10 August 1843) was a German post-KantianTerry Pinkard, German Philosophy 1760-1860: The Legacy of Idealism, Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp.

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Jakob Merten

Jakob Merten (August 11, 1809 – February 22, 1872) was a German Catholic theologian born in Wittlich.

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Jakob Schegk

Jakob Schegk (also known as Jakob Degen, Johann Jacob Brucker Schegk, Jakob Schegk the elder, Schegkius, and Scheckius; 6 June 1511 – 9 May 1587) was a polymath German Aristotelian philosopher and academic physician.

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James Bernard Schafer

James Bernard Schafer (1896 – April 26, 1955) was a man primarily known as the founder of a cult known as the Royal Fraternity of Master Metaphysicians and by an attempt to raise an "immortal baby".

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James Clerk Maxwell

James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics.

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James Frederick Ferrier

James Frederick Ferrier (16 June 1808, Edinburgh – 11 June 1864, St Andrews) was a Scottish metaphysical writer.

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James Hinton

James Hinton (baptized 26 November 1822 – died 16 December 1875) was an English surgeon and author.

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James Kennedy Patterson

James Kennedy Patterson (March 26, 1833August 15, 1922) was an academic who served as the first president of the University of Kentucky.

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James Lindsay (theologian)

Rev Dr James Lindsay DD FRSE FGS (1852-1923) was a Scottish minister, theologian and author.

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James McCosh

James McCosh (April 1, 1811 – November 16, 1894) was a prominent philosopher of the Scottish School of Common Sense.

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James P. Carse

James P. Carse is Professor Emeritus of history and literature of religion at New York University.

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James S. Tarantin

James S. Tarantin is an American author, philosopher, public speaker and entrepreneur.

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James Thomson (poet, born 1700)

James Thomson (c. 11 September 1700 – 27 August 1748) was a British poet and playwright, known for his poems The Seasons and The Castle of Indolence, and for the lyrics of "Rule, Britannia!".

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Jan Söderqvist

Jan Söderqvist (born 1961) is an author, lecturer, writer and consultant, and among other things also working as a literary and film critic for the Swedish newspaper Svenska Dagbladet.

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Jan Westerhoff

Jan Christoph Westerhoff is a philosopher and orientalist with specific interests in metaphysics and the philosophy of language.

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Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

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Jay L. Garfield

Jay Lazar Garfield (born 13 November 1955) is a professor and researcher that specializes on Tibetan Buddhism.

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Jay Samonie

Rev. Jay Samonie, Ph.

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Jérémie-Jacques Oberlin

Jérémie-Jacques Oberlin (8 August 1735 – 10 October 1806) was an Alsatian philologist and archaeologist.

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Józef Emanuel Jankowski

Józef Emanuel Jankowski (1790–1847) was a professor of philosophy at Kraków University.

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Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński

Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński (Josef Hoëné-Wronski,; 23 August 1776 – 9 August 1853) was a Polish Messianist philosopher, mathematician, physicist, inventor, lawyer, and economist.

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Je voudrais pas crever

Je voudrais pas crever (I wouldn't want to croak) is a collection of poetry by French author Boris Vian, published posthumously in 1962.

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Jean Buridan

Jean Buridan (Latin: Johannes Buridanus; –) was an influential 14th century French philosopher.

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Jean Gebser

Jean Gebser (August 20, 1905 – May 14, 1973) was a philosopher, a linguist, and a poet, who described the structures of human consciousness.

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Jean Grondin

Jean Grondin, (born August 27, 1955) is a philosopher and Canadian professor.

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Jean Hani

Jean Hani (1917-2012) was a French philosopher and Traditionalist author, and a professor of Greek civilization and literature at the University of Amiens.

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Jean Paul

Jean Paul (born Johann Paul Friedrich Richter, 21 March 1763 – 14 November 1825) was a German Romantic writer, best known for his humorous novels and stories.

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Jean-Paul Sartre

Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, political activist, biographer, and literary critic.

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Jeff Green (multimedia artist)

Jeffrey Stuart Green (born June 21, 1956) is a Canadian author, playwright, producer, and director, who has worked in a variety of media including radio, television, computer, DVD-based multimedia, and in live nightclub settings.

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Jenann Ismael

Jenann Ismael is a Professor of Philosophy at the University of Arizona and a member of the Foundational Questions Institute (FQXi.) Ismael has been described by John Perry as a leading philosopher of her generation, and her work has been influential in the scholarship of metaphysics and the philosophy of physics.

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Jennifer Whiting

Jennifer Whiting is an American philosopher who teaches at the University of Pittsburgh.

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Jerome Inglott

Jerome Inglott (1776–1835) was a minor Maltese philosopher and theologian.

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Jerzy Żuławski

Jerzy Żuławski (14 July 1874 – 9 August 1915) was a Polish literary figure, philosopher, translator, alpinist and nationalist whose best-known work is the science-fiction epic, Trylogia Księżycowa (The Lunar Trilogy), written between 1901 and 1911.

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Jessica Wilson

Jessica M. Wilson is a professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, Scarborough.

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Jesus walking on water

Jesus walking on water is one of the miracles of Jesus recounted in the New Testament.

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Jewish atheism

Jewish atheism refers to the atheism of people who are ethnically and (at least to some extent) culturally Jewish.

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Jewish principles of faith

There is no established formulation of principles of faith that are recognized by all branches of Judaism.

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Jim Baggott

James Edward Baggott (born 2 March 1957) is a British science writer living in Reading, Berkshire, England who writes about science, philosophy and science history.

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Jimmie Dale Gilmore

Jimmie Dale Gilmore (born May 6, 1945) is an American country singer, songwriter, actor, recording artist and producer, currently living in Austin, Texas.

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Jiyuan Yu

Jiyuan Yu (July 5, 1964 – November 3, 2016) was a moral philosopher noted for his work on virtue ethics.

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Joachim Jungius

Joachim Jungius (22 October 1587 – 23 September 1657) was a German mathematician, logician and philosopher of sciences.

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Joan Hambidge

Joan Helene Hambidge (born 11 September 1956 in Aliwal North, South Africa) (the English surname notwithstanding), is an Afrikaans poet, literary theorist and academic.

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Joannes Sturmius Mechlinianus

Johannes Storms of Mechelen, also known as Joannes Sturmius Mechlinianus, or simply Sturmius or Mechlinianus (1559–1650) was a Belgian mathematician, physician and poet.

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Jože Javoršek

Jože Javoršek was the pen name of Jože Brejc (20 October 1920 – 2 September 1990), a Slovenian playwright, writer, poet, translator and essayist.

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Jodok Mörlin

Jodok Mörlin, also known in Latin as Jodocus Morlinus or Maurus (ca 1490, Feldkirch, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire — 15 September 1550, Westhausen bei Hildburghausen, Electorate of Saxony), was a Professor of Philosophy at the University of Wittenberg, the Lutheran pastor of Westhausen bei Hildburghausen, and a Reformer.

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Jody Azzouni

Jody Azzouni (born Jawad Azzouni; born 1954) is an American philosopher.

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Johan Jakob Borelius

Johan Jakob (or Jacob) Borelius (27 July 1823 – 1909) was an influential professor of theoretical philosophy at the University of Lund, Sweden from 1866-1898.

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Johann Albrecht Bengel

Johann Albrecht Bengel (24 June 1687 – 2 November 1752), also known as Bengelius, was a Lutheran pietist clergyman and Greek-language scholar known for his edition of the Greek New Testament and his commentaries on it.

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Johann Andreas Michael Nagel

Johann Andreas Michael Nagel (29 September 1710 – 29 September 1788) was a German Hebrew scholar and Orientalist.

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Johann Baptiste Horvath

Johann Baptiste Horvath (Keresztély János Horváth, 13 July 1732 in Kőszeg – 20 October 1799 in Buda) was a Hungarian-born Jesuit Professor of Physics and Philosophy at the University of Trnava (Nagyszombat) in modern-day Slovakia, which was then part of the Kingdom of Hungary.

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Johann Christoph Gottsched

Johann Christoph Gottsched (2 February 1700 – 12 December 1766) was a German philosopher, author, and critic.

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Johann Christoph Schwab

Johann Christoph Schwab (10 December 1743 - 15 April 1821) was a Württemberg philosopher.

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Johann Eduard Erdmann

Johann Eduard Erdmann (13 June 1805 – 12 June 1892) was a German religious pastor, historian of philosophy, and philosopher of religion, of which he wrote on the mediation of faith and knowledge.

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Johann Ernst Immanuel Walch

Johann Ernst Immanuel Walch (29 August 1725 – 1 December 1778) was a German theologian, linguist, and naturalist from Jena.

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Johann Friedrich Herbart

Johann Friedrich Herbart (4 May 1776 – 14 August 1841) was a German philosopher, psychologist and founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline.

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Johann Friedrich Schultz

Johann Friedrich Schultz also known as Johann Schultz (11 June 1739 in Mühlhausen – 27 June 1805 in Königsberg) was a German Enlightenment, Protestant, theologian, mathematician and philosopher.

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Johann Kaspar Bluntschli

Johann Caspar (also Kaspar) Bluntschli (7 March 1808 – 21 October 1881) was a Swiss jurist and politician.

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Johann Nepomuk Ehrlich

Johann Nepomuk Ehrlich (February 21, 1810 – October 23, 1864) was an Austrian theologian and philosopher born in Vienna.

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Johann Ruchrat von Wesel

Johann Ruchrat von Wesel (died 1481) was a German Scholastic theologian.

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Johannes Clauberg

Johannes Clauberg (24 February 1622 – 31 January 1665) was a German theologian and philosopher.

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Johannes Jacobus Poortman

Johannes Jacobus Poortman (Rotterdam, April 26, 1896 – The Hague, December 21, 1970), studied philosophy and psychology at Groningen University under Professor Gerardus Heymans.

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Johannes Steuchius

Johannes Steuchius (January 3, 1676 – June 21, 1742) was Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1730 to his death.

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Johannes Tinctoris

Jehan le Taintenier or Jean Teinturier, Latinised in Johannes Tinctoris (aka Jean de Vaerwere) (c. 1435 – 1511) was a Renaissance composer and music theorist from the Low Countries.

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John A. Leslie

John Andrew Leslie (born August 2, 1940) is a Canadian philosopher.

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John B. Cobb

John B. Cobb Jr. (Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, born February 9, 1925) is an American theologian, philosopher, and environmentalist.

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John Barling

John Barling (August 11, 1804–1883), was an English dissenting minister.

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John Bruce Wallace

John Bruce Wallace is an American composer and avant-garde, free jazz, fusion, experimental, improvisational progressive metal guitarist.

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John C. Calhoun

John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18, 1782March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina, and the seventh Vice President of the United States from 1825 to 1832.

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John Clare

John Clare (13 July 1793 – 20 May 1864) was an English poet, the son of a farm labourer, who became known for his celebrations of the English countryside and sorrows at its disruption.

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John Constance Parnis

John Constance Parnis (1695–1735) was a major Maltese mediaeval philosopher who specialised mainly in metaphysics, physics, and logic.

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John Corcoran (logician)

John Corcoran (born 1937) is an American logician, philosopher, mathematician, and historian of logic.

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John D. Caputo

John D. Caputo (born October 26, 1940) is an American philosopher who is the Thomas J. Watson Professor of Religion Emeritus at Syracuse University and the David R. Cook Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Villanova University.

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John de Ruiter

John de Ruiter (born November 11, 1959) is a Canadian nondualist author who conducts meetings and seminars on his own 'College of Integrated Philosophy' in Edmonton, Alberta and abroad.

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John Dewey

John Dewey (October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was an American philosopher, psychologist, Georgist, and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform.

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John Donne

John Donne (22 January 1572 – 31 March 1631) was an English poet and cleric in the Church of England.

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John Erskine (theologian)

Rev John Erskine DD (1721–1803), the Scottish theologian, was born near Dunfermline at Carnock on 2 June 1721.

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John Formosa

John Formosa (1869–1941) was a Maltese theologian, canonist, minor philosopher, and poet.

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John Foster (philosopher)

John Foster (5 May 1941 – 1 January 2009) was a British philosopher.

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John Greco (philosopher)

John Greco is an American philosopher.

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John Hawthorne

John Hawthorne is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Southern California.

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John Hyman (philosopher)

John Hyman (philosopher) (born 6 March 1960) is a British philosopher and Professor of Aesthetics at the University of Oxford.

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John Lachs

John Lachs is the Centennial Professor of Philosophy at Vanderbilt University, where he has taught since 1967.

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John Law (bishop)

John Law DD (1745–1810) was an English mathematician and clergyman who began his career as a Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, and went on to become chaplain to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and Church of Ireland bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh (1782–1787), Killala and Achonry (1787–1795), and finally of Elphin (1795–1810).

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John Locke

John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".

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John MacFarlane (philosopher)

John MacFarlane is a professor.

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John Marzillier

John Marzillier (born 1946) is a retired psychotherapist who was described as 'a significant shaper of the profession of clinical psychology' in which he practiced for 37 years.

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John McDowell

John Henry McDowell (born 7 March 1942) is a South African philosopher, formerly a fellow of University College, Oxford and now University Professor at the University of Pittsburgh.

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John Milbank

Alasdair John Milbank (born 1952) is an English Anglican theologian and was the Research Professor of Religion, Politics and Ethics at the University of Nottingham, where he also directs the Centre of Theology and Philosophy.

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John of St. Thomas

John of St.

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John Owen (theologian)

John Owen (161624 August 1683) was an English Nonconformist church leader, theologian, and academic administrator at the University of Oxford.

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John P. Anton

John P. Anton (Ιωάννης Π. Αντωνόπουλος); November 2, 1920 – December 10, 2014) was Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Greek Philosophy and Culture at the University of South Florida.

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John Perry (philosopher)

John R. Perry (born 1943) is Henry Waldgrave Stuart Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Stanford University and Distinguished Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at the University of California, Riverside.

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John Russon

John Russon (born 1960) is a Canadian philosopher, working primarily in the tradition of Continental Philosophy.

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John Scotus Eriugena

John Scotus Eriugena or Johannes Scotus Erigena (c. 815 – c. 877) was an Irish theologian, neoplatonist philosopher, and poet.

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John Templeton Foundation

The John Templeton Foundation (Templeton Foundation) is a philanthropic organization with a spiritual or religious inclination that funds inter-disciplinary research about human purpose and ultimate reality.

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John Trigg Ester Library

The John Trigg Ester Library is a small nonprofit membership library, located in Ester in the U.S. state of Alaska.

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John Veitch (poet)

Prof John Veitch (October 24, 1829 – September 3, 1894), Scottish poet, philosopher, and historian, son of a Peninsular War veteran, was born at Peebles, and educated at Edinburgh University.

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John W. N. Watkins

John William Nevill Watkins (31 July 1924, Woking, Surrey – 26 July 1999, Salcombe, Devon) was an English philosopher, a professor at the London School of Economics from 1966 until his retirement in 1989 and a prominent proponent of critical rationalism.

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John William Miller

John William Miller (1895–1978) was an American philosopher in the idealist tradition.

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John William Yeomans

Reverend John William Yeomans D.D., (January 7, 1800 – June 22, 1863) was a Presbyterian pastor, the second president of Lafayette College, and the moderator of the 72nd General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in 1860.

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John Wimberley

John M. Wimberley (born July 1945) is an American photographer and artist.

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Jonael Schickler

Jonael Angelus Schickler (1976–2002) was a Swiss philosopher who died in a rail crash in England at the age of 25.

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Jonathan Bennett (philosopher)

Jonathan Francis Bennett (born 17 February 1930) is a British philosopher of language and metaphysics, and a historian of early modern philosophy.

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Jonathan Livingston Seagull (film)

Jonathan Livingston Seagull is a 1973 American drama film directed by Hall Bartlett, adapted from the novella of the same name by Richard Bach.

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Jonathan Schaffer

Jonathan Schaffer is an American philosopher specializing in metaphysics and epistemology.

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Jorge Guillermo Borges Haslam

Jorge Guillermo Borges Haslam (24 February 1874 – 14 February 1938) was an Argentine lawyer and writer.

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José Ortega y Gasset

José Ortega y Gasset (9 May 1883 – 18 October 1955) was a Spanish philosopher, and essayist.

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José Saraiva Martins

José Saraiva Martins, C.M.F., GCC (born 6 January 1932) is a Portuguese Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

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José Vasconcelos

José Vasconcelos Calderón (28 February 1882 – 30 June 1959) has been called the "cultural caudillo" of the Mexican Revolution.

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Josef Simon

Josef Simon (1 August 1930 – 28 March 2016) was a contemporary German philosopher and professor of the University of Bonn, born in Hupperath.

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Joseph A. Bracken

Joseph A. Bracken, S.J. is an American philosopher and Catholic theologian.

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Joseph B. Soloveitchik

Joseph Ber Soloveitchik (יוסף דב הלוי סולובייצ׳יק Yosef Dov ha-Levi Soloveychik; February 27, 1903 - April 9, 1993) was a major American Orthodox rabbi, Talmudist, and modern Jewish philosopher.

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Joseph Bayma

Joseph Bayma (November, 1816 in Piedmont, Italy – February 7, 1892 at Santa Clara, California) was a mathematician, philosopher, and scientist.

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Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff

Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff (10 March 1788 – 26 November 1857) was a Prussian poet, novelist, playwright, literary critic, translator, and anthologist.

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Joseph Grange

Joseph Grange (February 7, 1940 – July 20, 2014) was an American philosopher and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Southern Maine.

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Joseph Kaipayil

Joseph Kaipayil (born 1959) is an Indian philosopher, who expounds a relationalist theory of reality.

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Joseph Levine (philosopher)

Joseph Levine (born January 17, 1952) is an American philosopher at the University of Massachusetts Amherst who received his PhD from Harvard University in 1981.

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Joseph Maréchal

Joseph Maréchal (1 July 1878 – 11 December 1944) was a Belgian Jesuit priest, philosopher, theologian and psychologist.

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Joseph Moncada

Joseph Moncada (18th century) was a Dominican theologian, the first Professor of Philosophy at the University of Malta and Rector of the same university.

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Joseph Owens (Redemptorist)

Reverend Joseph Owens C.Ss.R. (April 17, 1908 – October 30, 2005) was a Canadian Roman Catholic priest and a philosopher specializing in the thought of Aristotle, Aquinas, and medieval philosophy.

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Joseph Priestley

Joseph Priestley FRS (– 6 February 1804) was an 18th-century English Separatist theologian, natural philosopher, chemist, innovative grammarian, multi-subject educator, and liberal political theorist who published over 150 works.

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Josephat Obi Oguejiofor

Josephat Obi Oguejiofor is a Professor of Philosophy and Director of the School of General Studies, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.

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Joshua Parens

Joshua S. Parens is an American philosopher and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Dallas.

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Journey to the Past

"Journey to the Past" is a song written by lyricist Lynn Ahrens and composer Stephen Flaherty for the animated musical film Anastasia (1997).

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Joxe Azurmendi

Joxe Azurmendi Otaegi (born 19 March 1941) is a Basque writer, philosopher, essayist and poet.

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Juan Benlloch i Vivó

Joan Baptista Benlloch i Vivó (29 December 1864 – 14 February 1926) was a Spanish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Burgos from 1919 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1921.

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Juan Manuel Burgos

Juan Manuel Burgos Velasco (born 1961, Valladolid, Spain) is a Spanish Personalist philosopher.

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Juan Manuel Silva Camarena

Juan Manuel Silva Camarena (Mexico City, November 6, 1945), is a Mexican philosopher, Cathedratic Professor and academic functionary.

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Judika Illes

Judika Illes is an American author of esoteric non-fiction books, aromatherapist and tarot reader.

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Judith Jarvis Thomson

Judith Jarvis Thomson (born October 4, 1929) is an American moral philosopher.

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Julian Johnson

Julian Philip Matthew Johnson (1873–1939, Beās, British India) was an American surgeon and author of several books on Eastern spirituality.

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Juliana González Valenzuela

Juliana González Valenzuela (Mexico, September 19, 1936) is a Mexican philosopher.

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Juliet Mills

Juliet Maryon Mills (born 21 November 1941) is a British and American actress.

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Juliette (novel)

Juliette is a novel written by the Marquis de Sade and published 1797–1801, accompanying Sade's Nouvelle Justine.

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Julius Caesar Scaliger

Julius Caesar Scaliger (April 23, 1484 – October 21, 1558), or Giulio Cesare della Scala, was an Italian scholar and physician, who spent a major part of his career in France.

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Julius Moravcsik

Julius Matthew Emil Moravcsik (26 April 1931 – 3 June 2009) was an American philosopher who specialized in ancient Greek philosophy.

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Jurij Vega

Baron Jurij Bartolomej Vega (also Veha; Georgius Bartholomaei Vecha; Georg Freiherr von Vega; born Vehovec, March 23, 1754 – September 26, 1802) was a Slovene mathematician, physicist and artillery officer.

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Jurisprudence of values

Jurisprudence of values or jurisprudence of principles is a school of legal philosophy.

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Justus Azzopardi

Justus Azzopardi (18th century) was a minor Maltese philosopher.

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Kabbalah

Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה, literally "parallel/corresponding," or "received tradition") is an esoteric method, discipline, and school of thought that originated in Judaism.

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Kai Wehmeier

Kai Frederick Wehmeier (born 1968) is a German-American philosopher and logician.

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Karl Marx

Karl MarxThe name "Karl Heinrich Marx", used in various lexicons, is based on an error.

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Karl Popper

Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian-British philosopher and professor.

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Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann

Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann (23 February 1842 – 5 June 1906) was a German philosopher, author of Philosophy of the Unconscious (1869).

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Karlfried Graf Dürckheim

Karl Friedrich Alfred Heinrich Ferdinand Maria Graf Eckbrecht von Dürckheim-Montmartin (24 October 1896 – 28 December 1988) was a German diplomat, psychotherapist and Zen Master.

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Kashmir Shaivism

Kashmir Shaivism is a group of nondualist Tantric Shaiva exegetical traditions from Kashmir that originated after 850 CE.

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Katerina Kolozova

Katerina Kolozova (Катерина (Катарина) Колозова; born October 20, 1969) is a Macedonian academic, author and philosopher.

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Katharyn Powers

Katharyn Michaelian Powers was a writer for several television series from the 1970s through the 1990s.

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Katherine Hawley

Katherine Hawley is a British philosopher specialising in metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and philosophy of physics.

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Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh

Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh (کاظم صادق‌زاده; born 23 April 1942) is an analytic philosopher of medicine.

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Keith Campbell (philosopher)

Keith Campbell (born 1938) is an Australian philosopher working in metaphysics.

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Ken Bruen

Ken Bruen (born 1951) is an Irish writer of hard-boiled and noir crime fiction.

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Kenneth G. Mills

Kenneth George Mills (January 25, 1923 – October 8, 2004) was a Canadian metaphysical/philosophical speaker and author.

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Kevin Mulligan

Kevin Mulligan (born 23 June 1951) is a British philosopher, working on ontology, the philosophy of mind, and Austrian philosophy.

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Khat

Khat or qat (Catha edulis, qat from القات) is a flowering plant native to the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.

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Kiarina Kordela

Aglaia Kiarina Kordela (Αγλαΐα Κιαρίνα Κορδέλα; born July 13, 1963) is a Greek-American philosopher and critical theorist.

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Kingdom of Scotland

The Kingdom of Scotland (Rìoghachd na h-Alba; Kinrick o Scotland) was a sovereign state in northwest Europe traditionally said to have been founded in 843.

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Kit Fine

Kit Fine (born 26 March 1946) is a British philosopher, currently University Professor and Silver Professor of Philosophy and Mathematics at New York University.

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Krishnananda Saraswati

Swami Krishnananda Saraswati (25 April 1922 – 23 November 2001) was a disciple of Sivananda Saraswati and served as the General Secretary of the Divine Life Society in Rishikesh, India from 1958 until 2001.

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Krystyn Lach-Szyrma

Krystyn Lach Szyrma (17 December 1790 – 21 April 1866, Devonport, Devon) was a professor of philosophy at Warsaw University.

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Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongovius

Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongovius (Christoph Cölestin Mrongovius; Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongowiusz.) (July 19, 1764 – June 3, 1855) was a Protestant pastor, writer, philosopher, distinguished linguist, and translator.

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Ksenija Atanasijević

Ksenija Atanasijević (1894–1981) was the first recognised major female Serbian philosopher, and one of the first female professors of Belgrade University, where she graduated.

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Kuno Fischer

Ernst Kuno Berthold Fischer (23 July 1824 – 5 July 1907) was a German philosopher, a historian of philosophy and a critic.

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Kuzari

The Kuzari, full title The Book of Refutation and Proof in Support of the Abased Religion (كتاب الحجة والدليل في نصرة الدين الذليل), also known as the Book of the Kuzari, (ספר הכוזרי) is one of the most famous works of the medieval Spanish Jewish philosopher and poet Judah Halevi, completed around 1140.

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Kyle Stanford

Kyle Stanford (born 1970) is an American philosophy professor who specializes in the philosophy of science.

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Kyprian Zochovskyj

Kyprian Zochovskyj (Кипріян Жоховський, Кіпрыян Жахоўскіі, Cyprian Żochowski) (1635—1693) was the Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and Russia of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church from 1674 to his death in 1693.

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L. A. Paul

Laurie Ann (L. A.) Paul is a professor of philosophy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, having previously taught at Yale University and the University of Arizona.

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Lamberto da Cingoli

Lamberto da Cingoli was an inquisitor in 14th century Italy.

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Lana Del Rey

Elizabeth Woolridge Grant (born June 21, 1985),;; known professionally as Lana Del Rey, is an American singer and songwriter.

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Lana Del Rey (EP)

Lana Del Rey is the second EP by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey.

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Lanfranc

Lanfranc (1005 1010 – 24 May 1089) was a celebrated Italian jurist who renounced his career to become a Benedictine monk at Bec in Normandy. He served successively as prior of Bec Abbey and abbot of St Stephen in Normandy and then as archbishop of Canterbury in England, following its Conquest by William the Conqueror. He is also variously known as (Lanfranco di Pavia), (Lanfranc du Bec), and (Lanfrancus Cantuariensis).

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Laurel Elizabeth Keyes

Laurel Elizabeth Keyes (died 1983) was an American author, lecturer and counselor.

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Lauren Weinstein (cartoonist)

Lauren Weinstein (born 1975) is an American comic book artist and illustrator.

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Law and Chaos

Law and Chaos are the dominant metaphysical forces in the fantasy stories of Michael Moorcock.

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Law of noncontradiction

In classical logic, the law of non-contradiction (LNC) (also known as the law of contradiction, principle of non-contradiction (PNC), or the principle of contradiction) states that contradictory statements cannot both be true in the same sense at the same time, e.g. the two propositions "A is B" and "A is not B" are mutually exclusive.

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Law of three stages

The law of three stages is an idea developed by Auguste Comte in his work The Course in Positive Philosophy.

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Law of value

The law of value (German: Wertgesetz) is a central concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, first expounded in his polemic The Poverty of Philosophy (1847) against Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, with reference to David Ricardo's economics.

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Lawrence Sklar

Lawrence Sklar (born June 25, 1938) is an American philosopher.

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Lazzaro Spallanzani

Lazzaro Spallanzani (10 January 1729 – 12 February 1799) was an Italian Catholic priest, biologist and physiologist who made important contributions to the experimental study of bodily functions, animal reproduction, and animal echolocation.

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Léger Marie Deschamps

Léger Marie Deschamps (10 January 1716 – 19 April 1774), Benedictine monk, known under his Benedictine name of Dom Deschamps, was a French philosopher and utopian socialist, who taught a form of modified Spinozism.

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League for the Larger Life

The League for the Larger Life was an early New Thought organization based in New York City, New York, with a chapter in Washington, D.C..

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Lee Smolin

Lee Smolin (born June 6, 1955) is an American theoretical physicist, a faculty member at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, an adjunct professor of physics at the University of Waterloo and a member of the graduate faculty of the philosophy department at the University of Toronto.

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Lee Yeongdo

Lee Yeongdo (born 1972) is a Korean novelist known for his work in fantasy and science fiction genre.

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Leemon McHenry

Leemon McHenry is a bioethicist and a lecturer in philosophy at California State University, Northridge, in the United States.

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Lekan Balogun

Lekan Balogun (born 3 March 1973) is a Nigerian dramatist and theatre director.

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Leo Apostel

Leo Apostel (Antwerp, 4 September 1925 – Ghent, 10 August 1995) was a Belgian philosopher and professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Ghent University.

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Leo Kennedy

John Leo Kennedy (August 22, 1907 – 2000) was a Canadian poet and critic, who in the 1920s and 1930s was a member of the Montreal Group of modernist poets.

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Leo Perutz

Leopold Perutz (2 November 1882, Prague – 25 August 1957, Bad Ischl) was an Austrian novelist and mathematician.

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Leo Strauss

Leo Strauss (September 20, 1899 – October 18, 1973) was a German-American political philosopher and classicist who specialized in classical political philosophy.

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Leon Chwistek

Leon Chwistek (Kraków, Austria-Hungary, 13 June 1884 – 20 August 1944, Barvikha near Moscow, Russia) was a Polish avant-garde painter, theoretician of modern art, literary critic, logician, philosopher and mathematician.

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Leonard Lawlor

Leonard "Len" Lawlor (born November 2, 1954) is Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of Philosophy at Pennsylvania State University.

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Leonard Peikoff

Leonard Sylvan Peikoff (born October 15, 1933) is a Canadian-American philosopher.

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Leonardo Polo

Leonardo Polo (February 1, 1926 – February 9, 2013) was a renowned Spanish philosopher best known for his philosophical method called abandonment of the mental limit and the profound philosophical implications and results of the application of this method.

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Leonora Beck Ellis

Leonora Beck Ellis (née, Leonora Beck; 1862-1951) was a 19th-century American educator, author, poet, and Southern social reformer, from the U.S. state of Georgia.

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Letters to a Philosophical Unbeliever

Letters to a Philosophical Unbeliever (1780) is a multi-volume series of books on metaphysics by eighteenth-century British polymath Joseph Priestley.

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Leucippus

Leucippus (Λεύκιππος, Leúkippos; fl. 5th cent. BCE) is reported in some ancient sources to have been a philosopher who was the earliest Greek to develop the theory of atomism—the idea that everything is composed entirely of various imperishable, indivisible elements called atoms.

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Lev Shestov

Lev Isaakovich Shestov (Лев Исаа́кович Шесто́в, 1866 – 1938), born Yeguda Leib Shvartsman (Иегуда Лейб Шварцман), was a Russian existentialist philosopher, known for his "Philosophy of Despair".

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Lev Zalenskyj

Lev Szlubic Zalenskyj (Лев Слюбич-Заленський, Леў Шлюбіч-Заленскі, Lew Ślubicz-Załęski) (c. 1648—1708) was the Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and Russia of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church from 1694 to his death in 1708.

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Levi Bryant

Levi Bryant, born Paul Reginald Bryant, is a Professor of Philosophy at Collin College in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area.

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LGBT history in Germany

This is a list of events in lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) history in Germany.

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Liberalism and progressivism within Islam

Liberalism and progressivism within Islam involve professed Muslims who have produced a considerable body of liberal thought on the re-interpretation and reform of Islamic understanding and practice.

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Libertarianism (metaphysics)

Libertarianism is one of the main philosophical positions related to the problems of free will and determinism, which are part of the larger domain of metaphysics.

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Library of Congress Classification:Class B -- Philosophy, Psychology, Religion

Class B: Philosophy, Psychology, Religion is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system.

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Libro de los juegos

The Libro de los Juegos, ("Book of games"), or Libro de axedrez, dados e tablas, ("Book of chess, dice and tables", in Old Spanish) was commissioned by Alfonso X of Castile, Galicia and León and completed in his scriptorium in Toledo in 1283,Sonja Musser Golladay, (PhD diss., University of Arizona, 2007), 31.

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Lichtenberg's Avertissement

Lichtenberg's Avertissement, written by Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, is a poster intended to deter the citizens of Göttingen, Germany, from attending the performance of Jacob Philadelphia in 1777.

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Ligeia

"Ligeia" is an early short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1838.

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Lila: An Inquiry into Morals

Lila: An Inquiry into Morals (1991) is the second philosophical novel by Robert M. Pirsig, who is best known for Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance.

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Lincoln's Dreams

Lincoln's Dreams is a 1987 novel about a historical researcher studying the U.S. Civil War who meets a young woman who seems to be dreaming General Lee's dreams.

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List of academic fields

The following outline is provided as an overview of an topical guide to academic disciplines: An academic discipline or field of study is known as a branch of knowledge.

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List of atheist philosophers

There have been many philosophers in recorded history who were atheists.

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List of atheists in science and technology

This is a list of atheists in science and technology.

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List of Ben 10 aliens

This is a list of aliens on Cartoon Network's Ben 10 franchise.

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List of Brown University people

The following is a partial list of notable Brown University people, known as Brunonians.

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List of Christ myth theory proponents

This is a partial list of people who have been categorized as Christ myth theory proponents, the belief that "the historical Jesus did not exist.

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List of Christian movements

A Christian movement is a theological, political, or philosophical interpretation of Christianity that is not generally represented by a specific church, sect, or denomination.

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List of Dewey Decimal classes

The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) is structured around ten main classes covering the entire world of knowledge; each main class is further structured into ten hierarchical divisions, each having ten sections of increasing specificity.

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List of ecclesiastical abbreviations

The ecclesiastical words most commonly abbreviated at all times are proper names, titles (official or customary), of persons or corporations, and words of frequent occurrence.

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List of Ender's Game characters

This literature-related list is incomplete; you can help by to include characters from the First Formic War trilogy. This is a partial list of characters in the ''Ender's Game'' series.

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List of eponymous laws

This list of eponymous laws provides links to articles on laws, principles, adages, and other succinct observations or predictions named after a person.

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List of fictional diseases

This article is a list of fictional diseases, disorders, infections, and pathogens which appear in fiction where they have a major plot or thematic importance.

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List of Greek and Latin roots in English/M

Category:Lists of words.

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List of items in Once Upon a Time

This list comprises the items featured in the American fantasy-drama television series Once Upon a Time and its spin-off Once Upon a Time in Wonderland.

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List of Latin phrases (A)

Additional references.

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List of MeSH codes (K01)

The following is a list of the "K" codes for MeSH.

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List of metaphysicians

This is a list of metaphysicians, philosophers who specialize in metaphysics.

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List of Neon Genesis Evangelion characters

This is a list of characters in the anime Neon Genesis Evangelion and the movies Evangelion: Death & Rebirth, The End of Evangelion and the Rebuild of Evangelion tetralogy.

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List of philosophies

Philosophies: particular schools of thought, styles of philosophy, or descriptions of philosophical ideas attributed to a particular group or culture - listed in alphabetical order.

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List of Planetes chapters

This is a list of volumes and chapters of the science fiction manga Planetes by Makoto Yukimura.

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List of races in Farscape

This article contains information about fictional alien races in the Farscape universe.

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List of Russian philosophers

Russian philosophy includes a variety of philosophical movements.

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List of secular humanists

This is a partial list of notable secular humanists.

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List of Spaniards

This is a list, in alphabetical order within categories, of notable hispanic people of Spanish heritage and descent born and raised in Spain, or of direct Spanish descent.

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List of systems sciences organizations

Systems science is the interdisciplinary field of science surrounding systems theory, cybernetics, the science of complex systems.

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List of unsolved problems in philosophy

This is a list of some of the major unsolved problems in philosophy.

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List of writing genres

Writing genres (commonly known, more narrowly, as literary genres) are determined by narrative technique, tone, content, and sometimes length.

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Literature of Birmingham

The literary tradition of Birmingham originally grew out of the culture of religious puritanism that developed in the town in the 16th and 17th centuries.

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Literature of Kashmir

Literature of Kashmir has a long history, the oldest texts having been composed in the Sanskrit language.

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Literature of Laos

The people of Laos have a rich literary tradition dating back at least six hundred years, with the oral and storytelling traditions of its peoples dating back much earlier.

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Logic

Logic (from the logikḗ), originally meaning "the word" or "what is spoken", but coming to mean "thought" or "reason", is a subject concerned with the most general laws of truth, and is now generally held to consist of the systematic study of the form of valid inference.

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Logic in Islamic philosophy

Early Islamic law placed importance on formulating standards of argument, which gave rise to a "novel approach to logic" (منطق manṭiq "speech, eloquence") in Kalam (Islamic scholasticism) However, with the rise of the Mu'tazili philosophers, who highly valued Aristotle's Organon, this approach was displaced by the older ideas from Hellenistic philosophy, The works of al-Farabi, Avicenna, al-Ghazali and other Persian Muslim logicians who often criticized and corrected Aristotelian logic and introduced their own forms of logic, also played a central role in the subsequent development of European logic during the Renaissance.

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Logical extreme

A logical extreme is a useful, though often fallacious, rhetorical device for the disputation of propositions.

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Logical holism

Logical holism is the belief that the world operates in such a way that no part can be known without the whole being known first.

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Logical positivism

Logical positivism and logical empiricism, which together formed neopositivism, was a movement in Western philosophy whose central thesis was verificationism, a theory of knowledge which asserted that only statements verifiable through empirical observation are cognitively meaningful.

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Logical possibility

Logically possible refers to a proposition which can be the logical consequence of another, based on the axioms of a given system of logic.

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Logology (science of science)

Logology ("the science of science") is the study of all aspects of science and of its practitioners—aspects philosophical, biological, psychological, societal, historical, political, institutional, financial.

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Logos

Logos (lógos; from λέγω) is a term in Western philosophy, psychology, rhetoric, and religion derived from a Greek word variously meaning "ground", "plea", "opinion", "expectation", "word", "speech", "account", "reason", "proportion", and "discourse",Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott,: logos, 1889.

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Lorenzo Peña

Lorenzo Peña (born August 29, 1944) is a Spanish philosopher, lawyer, logician and political thinker.

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Louis Althusser

Louis Pierre Althusser (16 October 1918 – 22 October 1990) was a French Marxist philosopher.

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Louis Billot

Louis Billot (12 January 1846 in Sierck-les-Bains, Moselle, France – 18 December 1931 in Ariccia, Latium, Italy) was a French Jesuit priest and theologian.

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Louis Lambert (novel)

Louis Lambert is an 1832 novel by French novelist and playwright Honoré de Balzac (1799–1850), included in the Études philosophiques section of his novel sequence La Comédie humaine.

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Louis Lavelle

Louis Lavelle (July 15, 1883 – September 1, 1951) was a French philosopher.

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Louis-Marie Régis

Louis-Marie Régis (December 8, 1903 – February 2, 1988) was a Canadian philosopher, medievalist, and Dominican priest.

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Louise Clappe

Louise Amelia Knapp Clappe (née Smith; July 28, 1819 – 1906) was born in New Jersey, spent most of her youth and young adult life in Massachusetts, and later moved out West to Quincy, California in Plumas County with her husband Fayette Clapp.

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Love and Pain

Love and Pain is a 2008 book of philosophy and metaphysics by American author Thaddeus Golas, the author of The Lazy Man's Guide to Enlightenment.

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Love-Lies-Bleeding (play)

Love-Lies-Bleeding is the title of a three-act play by Don DeLillo.

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Luís Geraldes

Luís Pereira Geraldes (born May 15, 1957), is a contemporary metaphysical Portuguese artist.

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Lucidity (web series)

Lucidity: The Web Saga is a metaphysical comedy web series produced by Third Productions.

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Lucilio Vanini

Homage to Giulio Cesare Vanini at the place of his death. Lucilio Vanini (15859 February 1619), who, in his works, styled himself Giulio Cesare Vanini, was an Italian philosopher, physician and free-thinker, who was one of the first significant representatives of intellectual libertinism.

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Lucretius

Titus Lucretius Carus (15 October 99 BC – c. 55 BC) was a Roman poet and philosopher.

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Ludvig Holberg

Ludvig Holberg, Baron of Holberg (3 December 1684 – 28 January 1754) was a writer, essayist, philosopher, historian and playwright born in Bergen, Norway, during the time of the Dano-Norwegian dual monarchy.

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Ludwig Büchner

Friedrich Karl Christian Ludwig Büchner (29 March 1824 – 1 May 1899) was a German philosopher, physiologist and physician who became one of the exponents of 19th-century scientific materialism.

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Ludwig Friedrich Otto Baumgarten-Crusius

Ludwig Friedrich Otto Baumgarten-Crusius (31 July 1788 – May 31, 1843), was a German Protestant theologian and divine born in Merseburg.

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Ludwig Heinrich von Jakob

Ludwig Heinrich von Jakob (26 February 1759 – 22 July 1827) was a German philosopher, political scientist and economist.

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Ludwig Landgrebe

Ludwig Landgrebe (9 March 1902, Vienna – 14 August 1991, Cologne) was an Austrian phenomenologist and Professor of philosophy.

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Ludwig Wittgenstein

Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian-British philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.

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Luigi Taparelli

Luigi Taparelli (born Prospero Taparelli d'Azeglio; 1793–1862) was an Italian Catholic scholar of the Society of Jesus who some claim coined the term social justice (although the Oxford English Dictionary cites prior references); however his use of the term was in a Thomistic context, and bears very little resemblance to the ideas of the social justice movements today.

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Lumières

The Lumières (literally in English: Enlighteners) was a cultural, philosophical, literary and intellectual movement of the second half of the 18th century, originating in France and spreading throughout Europe.

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Lutheran scholasticism

Lutheran scholasticism was a theological method that gradually developed during the era of Lutheran Orthodoxy.

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Lyman Duff

Sir Lyman Poore Duff, (7 January 1865 – 26 April 1955) was the eighth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada.

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Lyman J. Gage

Lyman Judson Gage (June 28, 1836 – January 26, 1927) was an American financier and Presidential Cabinet officer.

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Lyndon LaRouche

Lyndon Hermyle LaRouche Jr. (born September 8, 1922) is an American political activist and founder of the LaRouche movement, whose main organization is the National Caucus of Labor Committees (NCLC).

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Lynn de Silva's theology

Lynn de Silva's theology began at an early stage in Lynn de Silva's ministry, when his interest in Buddhism and its culture began to increase.

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Madhvacharya

Madhvācārya (ಮಧ್ವಾಚಾರ್ಯ;; CE 1238–1317), sometimes anglicised as Madhva Acharya, and also known as Purna Prajña and Ananda Teertha, was a Hindu philosopher and the chief proponent of the Dvaita (dualism) school of Vedanta.

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Madrasa

Madrasa (مدرسة,, pl. مدارس) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion), and whether a school, college, or university.

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Magical organization

A magical organization or magical order is an organization created for the practice of magic or to further the knowledge of magic among its members.

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Magna Moralia

The Magna Moralia (Latin for "Great Ethics") is a treatise on ethics traditionally attributed to Aristotle, though the consensus now is that it represents an epitome of his ethical thought by a later, if sympathetic, writer.

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Mahayana

Mahāyāna (Sanskrit for "Great Vehicle") is one of two (or three, if Vajrayana is counted separately) main existing branches of Buddhism and a term for classification of Buddhist philosophies and practice.

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Mahātmā

Mahatma is Sanskrit for "Great Soul" (महात्मा mahātmā: महा mahā (great) + आत्मं or आत्मन ātman). It is similar in usage to the modern English term saint.

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Mahmoud Khatami

Mahmoud Khatami(Persian: محمود خاتمی) is an Iranian philosopher.

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Mahmoud Shabestari

Mahmoūd Shabestarī (1288–1340) (محمود شبستری) is one of the most celebrated Persian Sufi poets of the 14th century.

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Maine de Biran

François-Pierre-Gontier Maine de Biran (29 November 176620 July 1824), usually known simply as Maine de Biran, was a French philosopher.

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Make-up artist

Special effects makeup techniques A make-up artist or makeup artist is an artist whose medium is the human body, applying makeup and prosthetics on others for theatrical, television, film, fashion, magazines and other similar productions including all aspects of the modeling industry.

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Malayalam literature

Malayalam literature (മലയാള സാഹിത്യം) comprises those literary texts written in Malayalam, a South-Dravidian language spoken in the Indian state of Kerala.

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Malayali

The Malayali people or Keralite people (also spelt Malayalee, Malayalam script: മലയാളി and കേരളീയൻ) are an Indian ethnic group originating from the present-day state of Kerala, located in South India.

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Manifest Destiny 2011

Manifest Destiny 2011 is a British opera composed by Keith Burstein with a libretto by Burstein and Dic Edwards.

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Manifestation of God

The Manifestation of God is a concept in the Bahá'í Faith that refers to what are commonly called prophets.

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Manifestations of postmodernism

This article has examples of the influence of postmodernism on various fields.

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Mansions of Rastafari

Mansions of Rastafari is an umbrella term for the various groups of the Rastafari movement.

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Manuel Belgrano

Manuel José Joaquín del Corazón de Jesús Belgrano y González (3 June 1770 – 20 June 1820), usually referred to as Manuel Belgrano, was an Argentine economist, lawyer, politician, and military leader.

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Marcel Lecomte

Marcel Lecomte (25 September 1900, Saint-Gilles (Brussels) - 19 November 1966, Brussels) was a Belgian writer, member of the Belgian surrealist movement.

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Marcial Solana González-Camino

Marcial Solana González-Camino (1880–1958) was a Spanish scholar, writer and politician.

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Marcus Fronius

Marcus Fronius (1659 – 14 April 1713) was a Lutheran theologian, pedagogue, and author whose published works covered topics such as theology, metaphysics, and humoural physiology.

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Mariano Iberico Rodríguez

Mariano Iberico Rodríguez (* Cajamarca, 1892 - died Lima, 1974) was a Peruvian philosopher.

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Mariastern Abbey, Banja Luka

Mariastern Abbey (Opatija Marija Zvijezda) is Trappist abbey in Bosnia and Herzegovina, situated near the country's second largest city Banja Luka.

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Marilyn Frye

Marilyn Frye (born 1941 in Tulsa, Oklahoma) is an American philosopher and radical feminist theorist.

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Mario Bunge

Mario Augusto Bunge (born September 21, 1919) is an Argentine philosopher, philosopher of science and physicist mainly active in Canada.

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Marjan Davari

Marjan Davari (b. April 24, 1966; Tehran, Iran) (مرجان داوری) is an Iranian 50-year-old researcher, translator and writer who has been studying, teaching, translating and researching philosophical texts for more than 20 years.

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Mark Johnston (philosopher)

Mark Johnston is an Australian philosopher, who has spent his entire career at Princeton University.

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Mark Pretorius

Mark Pretorius (born 30 April in Johannesburg, South Africa) is an evangelical theologian, philosopher and metaphysician.

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Marriage privatization

Marriage privatization is the concept that the state should have no authority to define the terms of personal relationships such as marriage.

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Martín Adán

Martín Adán (Lima, 1908 - 1985), pseudonym of Rafael de la Fuente Benavides, was a Peruvian poet whose body of work is notable for its hermeticism and metaphysical depth.

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Martin Buber

Martin Buber (מרטין בובר; Martin Buber; מארטין בובער; February 8, 1878 – June 13, 1965) was an Austrian-born Israeli Jewish philosopher best known for his philosophy of dialogue, a form of existentialism centered on the distinction between the I–Thou relationship and the I–It relationship.

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Martin Harrison (poet)

Martin Harrison (1949 - 6 September 2014) was an Anglo-Australian poet.

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Martin Heidegger

Martin Heidegger (26 September 188926 May 1976) was a German philosopher and a seminal thinker in the Continental tradition and philosophical hermeneutics, and is "widely acknowledged to be one of the most original and important philosophers of the 20th century." Heidegger is best known for his contributions to phenomenology and existentialism, though as the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy cautions, "his thinking should be identified as part of such philosophical movements only with extreme care and qualification".

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Martin Knutzen

Martin Knutzen (14 December 1713 – 29 January 1751) was a German philosopher, a follower of Christian Wolff and teacher of Immanuel Kant, to whom he introduced the physics of Isaac Newton.

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Martin Lings

Martin Lings (24 January 1909 – 12 May 2005), also known as Abū Bakr Sirāj ad-Dīn, was an English Muslim writer, scholar, and philosopher.

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Martin Yates

Martin Yates (born 1 July 1958) is a British conductor.

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Marxism–Leninism

In political science, Marxism–Leninism is the ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, of the Communist International and of Stalinist political parties.

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Mary (Nabokov novel)

Mary (Машенька, Mašen'ka), is the debut novel by Vladimir Nabokov, first published under pen name V. Sirin in 1926 by Russian-language publisher "Slovo".

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Mary Daly

Mary Daly (October 16, 1928 – January 3, 2010) was an American radical feminist philosopher, academic, and theologian.

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Mary Kate McGowan

Mary Kate McGowan is the Luella LaMer Professor of Women’s Studies as well as Professor of Philosophy at Wellesley College.

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Mary Midgley

Mary Beatrice Midgley (née Scrutton; born 13 September 1919) is a British moral philosopher.

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Mary Tsiongas

Mary Tsiongas (born 1959) is a multi-disciplinary artist whose work often addresses human relationships to technology and the natural environment.

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Masahiro Morioka

is a Japanese philosopher, who has contributed to the fields of philosophy of life, bioethics, gender studies, media theory, and civilization studies.

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Matauddin Peerzada

Dr Matauddin Peerzada (Gujarati: ડો. મતાઉદ્દીન ચિશ્તી - પીરઝાદા) alias Motamiyan Chishty - IV also known as Peer Dr Matauddin Chishty (Born 20 November 1984) was born in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, in the Chishty Sufi family of India.

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Mathematics

Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.

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Mathematics and art

Mathematics and art are related in a variety of ways.

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Mathematics education

In contemporary education, mathematics education is the practice of teaching and learning mathematics, along with the associated scholarly research.

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Matthew Piers Watt Boulton

Matthew Piers Watt Boulton (22 September 1820 – 30 June 1894), also published under the pseudonym M. P. W.

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Maulana Shams-ud-din Harifal

Maulana Shams-ud-din Harifal (Urdu) was an Islamic Sunni Hanafi scholar of the Deobandi school of thought and political leader of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam and Tehreek-e-Khatme-e-Nubuwwat.

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Maurice Cornforth

Maurice Campbell Cornforth (28 October 1909 – 31 December 1980) was a British Marxist philosopher.

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Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (14 March 1908 – 3 May 1961) was a French phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger.

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Max Müller (Catholic intellectual)

Max Müller (6 September 1906 – 18 October 1994) was a German philosopher and influential post-World War II Catholic intellectual.

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Maynard Adams

Maynard Adams was a philosopher of value and meaning devoted to understanding and criticizing the philosophical foundations of modern Western culture and developing an intellectual vision that makes sense of the human condition.

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Meaning of life

The meaning of life, or the answer to the question "What is the meaning of life?", pertains to the significance of living or existence in general.

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Means End

Means End was a Swedish progressive metal band from Stockholm whose sound is spearheaded by SATB choirs, operatic vocals, 8-string guitars, and jazz-fusion compositions.

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Means to an end

In philosophy, the term "means to an end" refers to any action (the means) carried out for the sole purpose of achieving something else (an end).

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Mechanism (philosophy)

Mechanism is the belief that natural wholes (principally living things) are like complicated machines or artifacts, composed of parts lacking any intrinsic relationship to each other.

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Medieval philosophy

Medieval philosophy is the philosophy in the era now known as medieval or the Middle Ages, the period roughly extending from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century A.D. to the Renaissance in the 16th century.

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Meditations on First Philosophy

Meditations on First Philosophy —The original Meditations, translated, in its entirety.

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Meher Baba

Meher Baba (born Merwan Sheriar Irani; 25 February 1894 – 31 January 1969) was an Indian spiritual master who said he was the Avatar.

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Meikandadevar

Meikanda Thevar (c. 11th century AD) was a Hindu poet and expert in Hindu metaphysics and theology.

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Meliorism

Meliorism is an idea in metaphysical thinking holding that progress is a real concept leading to an improvement of the world.

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Melissus of Samos

Melissus of Samos (Μέλισσος ὁ Σάμιος; fl. 5th century BC) was the third and last member of the ancient school of Eleatic philosophy, whose other members included Zeno and Parmenides.

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Melniboné

Melniboné, also known as the Dragon Isle, is an imaginary country, an island featured in the writings of Michael Moorcock.

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Mental representation

A mental representation (or cognitive representation), in philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science, is a hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality, or else a mental process that makes use of such a symbol: "a formal system for making explicit certain entities or types of information, together with a specification of how the system does this".

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Mental world

The mental world is an ontological category in metaphysics, populated by nonmaterial mental objects, without physical extension (though possibly with mental extension as in a visual field, or possibly not, as in an olfactory field) contrasted with the physical world of space and time populated with physical objects, or Plato's world of ideals populated, in part, with mathematical objects.

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Mereological nihilism

Mereological nihilism (also called compositional nihilism, or rarely simply nihilism) is the mereological position that objects with proper parts do not exist.

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Mereology

In philosophy and mathematical logic, mereology (from the Greek μέρος meros (root: μερε- mere-, "part") and the suffix -logy "study, discussion, science") is the study of parts and the wholes they form.

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Mereotopology

In formal ontology, a branch of metaphysics, and in ontological computer science, mereotopology is a first-order theory, embodying mereological and topological concepts, of the relations among wholes, parts, parts of parts, and the boundaries between parts.

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Metaknowledge

Metaknowledge or meta-knowledge is knowledge about a preselected knowledge.

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Metaphilosophy

Metaphilosophy (sometimes called philosophy of philosophy) is "the investigation of the nature of philosophy".

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Metaphor in philosophy

Metaphor, the description of one thing as something else, has become of interest in recent decades to both analytic philosophy and continental philosophy, but for different reasons.

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Metaphysical naturalism

Metaphysical naturalism, also called ontological naturalism, philosophical naturalism, and scientific materialism is a philosophical worldview, which holds that there is nothing but natural elements, principles, and relations of the kind studied by the natural sciences.

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Metaphysical Society

The Metaphysical Society was a British society, founded in 1869 by James Knowles.

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Metaphysical Society of America

The Metaphysical Society of America is a philosophical organization founded by Paul Weiss in 1950.

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Metaphysical terms in the works of René Guénon

Metaphysical terms in René Guénon's works contains the definition of some metaphysical terms used in René Guénon's writings.

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Metaphysics (Aristotle)

Metaphysics (Greek: τὰ μετὰ τὰ φυσικά; Latin: Metaphysica) is one of the principal works of Aristotle and the first major work of the branch of philosophy with the same name.

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Metaphysics (disambiguation)

Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy concerned with the fundamental nature of being and the world.

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Metaphysics of presence

The concept of the metaphysics of presence is an important consideration in deconstruction.

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Metarealism

Metarealism is a direction in Russian poetry and art that was born in the 1970s to the 1980s.

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Metascience

Metascience can refer to.

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Methodological dualism

In Austrian economics, Methodological dualism is an epistemological position which states that it is necessary ─ based on our current state of knowledge and understanding ─ to use a different method in analysing the actions of human beings than the methods of the natural sciences (such as physics, chemistry, physiology, etc.). This position is based on the presupposition that humans differ radically from other objects in the external world.

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Mexican Inquisition

The Mexican Inquisition was an extension of the Spanish Inquisition to New Spain.

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Michael Bowen (artist)

Michael Bowen (December 8, 1937 – March 7, 2009) was an American fine artist known as one of the co-founders of the late 20th and 21st century Visionary art movements. His works include paintings on canvas and paper, 92 intaglio etchings based on Jungian psychology, assemblage, bronze sculpture, collage, and handmade art books. An icon of the American Beat Generation and the 1960s counterculture, Bowen is also known for his role in inspiring and organizing the first Human Be-In in San Francisco. Chronicled in books and periodicals reflecting on the turbulent 1960s, Bowen's historical impact on both the literary and visual art worlds is well documented. He remains influential among avant-garde art circles around the world.

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Michael C. Rea

Michael C. Rea is an analytic philosopher and a professor of philosophy at the University of Notre Dame.

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Michael Devitt

Michael Devitt (born 1938) is an Australian philosopher currently teaching at the City University of New York in New York City.

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Michael Dummett

Sir Michael Anthony Eardley Dummett, FBA (27 June 192527 December 2011) was an English philosopher, described as "among the most significant British philosophers of the last century and a leading campaigner for racial tolerance and equality." He was, until 1992, Wykeham Professor of Logic at the University of Oxford.

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Michael J. Roads

Michael Joseph Roads, (born 14 April 1937) is a UK-born resident of Australia is and an author of essays, articles, books and best selling books including Talking with Nature - Journey Into Nature, Journey Into Oneness and Into a Timeless Realm.

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Michael Levin

Michael Levin (born 21 May 1943) is an American philosopher and writer.

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Michael Neumann

Michael Neumann (born 1946) is a professor of philosophy at Trent University in Ontario, Canada.

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Michael Redhead

Michael Logan Gonne Redhead (born 30 December 1929) is a British academic and philosopher of physics.

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Michael Tye (philosopher)

Michael Tye (born 1950) is a British philosopher who is currently Professor of Philosophy at the University of Texas at Austin.

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Michel Foucault

Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984), generally known as Michel Foucault, was a French philosopher, historian of ideas, social theorist, and literary critic.

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Michel Weber

Michel Weber is a Belgian philosopher, born in Brussels in 1963.

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Michele Marsonet

Michele Marsonet (born 1950) is Professor of Philosophy of Science and Methodology of the Human Sciences, Chairman of the Philosophy Department and Vice-Rector for International Relations of the University of Genoa in Italy.

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Microeconomics

Microeconomics (from Greek prefix mikro- meaning "small") is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of individuals and firms in making decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources and the interactions among these individuals and firms.

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Mihael Milunović

Mihael Milunović (born 1967) is a Serbian, French and Croatian painter His work encompasses a wide range of artistic disciplines, from painting, drawing and photography through large-scale sculptures, installations, to sound, video and objects.

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Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński

Mikołaj Sęp Szarzyński (c. 1550 – c. 1581) was an influential Polish poet of the late Renaissance who wrote in both Polish and Latin.

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Mildred Mann

Mildred Mann (1904–1971) was active in the New Thought Movement and taught metaphysics in New York City.

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Mildred Thompson

Mildred Jean Thompson (March 12, 1936 – September 1, 2003) was an American artist who worked in the media of painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture and photography.

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Milič Čapek

Milič Čapek, (26 January 1909 – 17 November 1997) was a Czech–American philosopher.

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Milton Steinberg

Milton Steinberg (November 25, 1903 – March 20, 1950) was an American rabbi, philosopher, theologian and author.

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Mind–body dualism

Mind–body dualism, or mind–body duality, is a view in the philosophy of mind that mental phenomena are, in some respects, non-physical,Hart, W.D. (1996) "Dualism", in A Companion to the Philosophy of Mind, ed.

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Mircea Eliade

Mircea Eliade (– April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher, and professor at the University of Chicago.

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Miscellanea (Guénon book)

Miscellanea (Mélanges) is a posthumous anthology book of writings by René Guénon first published in 1976.

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Mitch Horowitz

Mitch Horowitz is an American writer in occult and esoteric themes.

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Modal fictionalism

Modal fictionalism is a term used in philosophy, and more specifically in the metaphysics of modality, to describe the position that holds that modality can be analysed in terms of a fiction about possible worlds.

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Modal metaphysics

Modal metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that investigates the metaphysics underlying statements about possible or a-priori statements.

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Moderate realism

Moderate realism is a position in the debate on the metaphysics of universals that holds that there is no realm in which universals exist (in opposition to Platonic realism), nor do they really exist within the individuals as universals, but rather universals really exist within the particulars as individualised, and multiplied.

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Moderato Cantabile

Moderato Cantabile is a novel by Marguerite Duras.

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Modern philosophy

Modern philosophy is philosophy developed in the modern era and associated with modernity.

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Modernism in the Catholic Church

In a Catholic context Modernism is a loose gestalt of liberal theological opinions that developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Modistae

The Modistae (Latin for "Modists"), also known as the speculative grammarians, were the members of a school of grammarian philosophy known as Modism or speculative grammar, active in northern France, Germany, England, and Denmark in the 13th and 14th centuries.

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Molinism

Molinism, named after 16th-century Spanish Jesuit theologian Luis de Molina, is a philosophical doctrine which attempts to reconcile the providence of God with human free will.

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Montrose School

The Montrose School is an independent school for girls in grades 6-12 located in Medfield, Massachusetts.

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Moritz Lazarus

Moritz Lazarus (15 September 1824 – 13 April 1903), born at Filehne, in the Grand Duchy of Posen, was a German philosopher, psychologist, and a vocal opponent of the antisemitism of his time.

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Morris Krok

Morris Krok (28 April 1931 – October 2005) was a South African author, publisher and health educator.

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Mortimer J. Adler

Mortimer Jerome Adler (December 28, 1902 – June 28, 2001) was an American philosopher, educator, and popular author.

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Moses Amyraut

Moïse Amyraut, Latin Moyses Amyraldus (Bourgueil, September 1596 – January 8, 1664), in English texts often Moses Amyraut, was a French Protestant theologian and metaphysician.

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Moses ben Joshua

Moses Narbonne, also known as Moses of Narbonne, mestre Vidal Bellshom, maestro Vidal Blasom, and Moses Narboni, was a medieval Catalan philosopher and physician.

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Mount Meru

Mount Meru (Sanskrit: मेरु, Tibetan: ཪི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རི་རབ་, Sumeru, Sineru or Mahameru) is the sacred five-peaked mountain of Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist cosmology and is considered to be the center of all the physical, metaphysical and spiritual universes.

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Mubashir Malik

Mubashir Malik (or M. B. Malik) is a British author and banker.

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Muhammad Loutfi Goumah

Muhammad Loutfi Goumah (محمد لطفي جمعة muħammæd lūtfi ǧomʿa; also spelled Mohammed Lotfy Gomaa or Muhammed Lotfy Jouma') (January 18, 1886 Alexandria − June 15, 1953 Cairo), is an Egyptian patriot, essayist, author, and barrister, he studied law and became one of Egypt's most famous lawyers and public speakers.

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Muhammed Amin Andrabi

Muhammad Amin Andrabi (1940 in Srinagar, Kashmir - 2001 in Srinagar, India) is a member of the prominent Andrabi Sayyed family.

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Multiple occupancy view

In metaphysics, the multiple occupancy view (m.o.) is a particular analysis of fission cases, which claims to be at least a priori possible, if not actually true of real cases of fission.

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Multiverse

The multiverse (or meta-universe) is a hypothetical group of multiple separate universes including the universe in which humans live.

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Musō Soseki

was a Rinzai Zen Buddhist monk and teacher, and a calligraphist, poet and garden designer.

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Museo de Arte Contemporáneo (Madrid)

The Museo de Arte Contemporáneo (Museum of Contemporary Art), formerly known as Museo Municipal de Arte Contemporáneo, is a museum in Madrid, Spain, located in the historic barracks of the Conde Duque, a building designed by the architect Pedro de Ribera at the beginning of the 18th century.

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Music

Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.

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Musica universalis

Musica universalis (literally universal music), also called Music of the spheres or Harmony of the Spheres, is an ancient philosophical concept that regards proportions in the movements of celestial bodies—the Sun, Moon, and planets—as a form of musica (the Medieval Latin term for music).

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Mutio Vitelleschi

Very Rev.

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Mystical realism

In philosophy, mystical realism is a view concerning the nature of the divine.

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Mysticism

Mysticism is the practice of religious ecstasies (religious experiences during alternate states of consciousness), together with whatever ideologies, ethics, rites, myths, legends, and magic may be related to them.

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N. Petrașcu

N.

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Nader El-Bizri

Nader El-Bizri (نادر البزري, nādir al-bizrĩ) is a professor of philosophy and civilization studies at the American University of Beirut, where he also serves as associate dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, and as the director of the general education program.

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Name

A name is a term used for identification.

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Naming and Necessity

Naming and Necessity is a 1980 book with the transcript of three lectures, given by philosopher Saul Kripke, at Princeton University in 1970, in which he dealt with the debates of proper names in the philosophy of language.

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Nancy Bauer (philosopher)

Nancy Bauer is an American philosopher specializing in feminist philosophy, existentialism and phenomenology, and the work of Simone de Beauvoir.

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Nataraja

Nataraja (meaning "the lord of dance") is a depiction of the Hindu god Shiva as the cosmic ecstatic dancer.

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Nathan Salmon

Nathan U. Salmon (né Nathan Salmon Ucuzoglu in 1951) is an American philosopher in the analytic tradition, specializing in metaphysics, philosophy of language, and philosophy of logic.

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Natsu Dragneel

is a fictional character and the main male protagonist of the Fairy Tail manga and anime series created by Hiro Mashima.

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Natty Nation

Natty Nation is an American rock and reggae band from Madison, Wisconsin.

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Natural philosophy

Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin philosophia naturalis) was the philosophical study of nature and the physical universe that was dominant before the development of modern science.

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Naturalism (philosophy)

In philosophy, naturalism is the "idea or belief that only natural (as opposed to supernatural or spiritual) laws and forces operate in the world." Adherents of naturalism (i.e., naturalists) assert that natural laws are the rules that govern the structure and behavior of the natural universe, that the changing universe at every stage is a product of these laws.

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Nature (philosophy)

Nature has two inter-related meanings in philosophy.

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Nazzareno Camilleri

Nazzareno Camilleri (1906–1973) was a Maltese philosopher, theologian, and mystic.

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Ndre Mjeda

Ndre Mjeda (20 November 1866 – 1 August 1937) was an Albanian priest, philologist, poet and an activist of Albanian national awakening.

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Neal Stephenson

Neal Town Stephenson (born October 31, 1959) is an American writer and game designer known for his works of speculative fiction.

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Necessitarianism

Necessitarianism is a metaphysical principle that denies all mere possibility; there is exactly one way for the world to be.

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Neo-Confucianism

Neo-Confucianism (often shortened to lixue 理學) is a moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy influenced by Confucianism, and originated with Han Yu and Li Ao (772–841) in the Tang Dynasty, and became prominent during the Song and Ming dynasties.

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Neoshamanism

Neoshamanism refers to "new"' forms of shamanism, or methods of seeking visions or healing.

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Nestor Makhno

Nestor Ivanovych Makhno or Bat'ko ("Father") Makhno (Не́стор Івáнович Махно́; October 26, 1888 (N.S. November 7) – July 25, 1934) was a Ukrainian anarcho-communist revolutionary and the commander of an independent anarchist army in Ukraine in 1917–22.

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Nevile Davidson

Andrew Nevile Davidson, (13 February 1899 – 20 December 1976) was a senior Church of Scotland minister.

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Neville Cardus

Sir John Frederick Neville Cardus, CBE (3 April 188828 February 1975) was an English writer and critic.

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New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries

The New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries is a system of library classification developed by Yung-Hsiang Lai since 1956.

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New Confucianism

New Confucianism is an intellectual movement of Confucianism that began in the early 20th century in Republican China, and further developed in post-Mao era contemporary China.

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New York University Department of Philosophy

The New York University Department of Philosophy is ranked 1st in the US and 1st in the English-speaking world, in the 2014-15 ranking of philosophy departments by The Philosophical Gourmet Report (it was ranked 1st in the previous 2011, 2009, and 2006 rankings).

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Newcastle Publishing Company

The Newcastle Publishing Company was a Southern California-based small trade paperback publisher founded by bookstore owner Al Saunders, active from July 1971 through October 1992, under the editorial direction of Robert Reginald and Douglas Menville, formerly the editors of the speculative fiction magazine Forgotten Fantasy.

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Nicholas Rescher

Nicholas Rescher (born 15 July 1928) is a German-American philosopher at the University of Pittsburgh.

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Nicholas Wolterstorff

Nicholas Wolterstorff (born January 21, 1932) is an American philosopher.

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Nicolai Hartmann

Nicolai Hartmann (20 February 1882 – 9 October 1950) was a Baltic German philosopher.

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Nicolas d'Orbellis

Nicolas d'Orbellis was a French Franciscan theologian and philosopher, of the Scotist school.

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Nicolas Malebranche

Nicolas Malebranche, Oratory of Jesus (6 August 1638 – 13 October 1715), was a French Oratorian priest and rationalist philosopher.

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Nicomachean Ethics

The Nicomachean Ethics (Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια) is the name normally given to Aristotle's best-known work on ethics.

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Nihilism

Nihilism is the philosophical viewpoint that suggests the denial or lack of belief towards the reputedly meaningful aspects of life.

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Nikolaos Margioris

Nikolaos Margioris (Greek: Νικόλαος Μαργιωρής; 1913–1993) was a Greek esoterist, philosopher, and author.

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Nikolay Lossky

Nikolay Onufriyevich Lossky (– 24 January 1965), also known as N. O. Lossky, was a Russian philosopher, representative of Russian idealism, intuitionist epistemology, personalism, libertarianism, ethics and axiology (value theory).

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Nils Wallerius

Nils Wallerius (Stora Mellösa 1 January 1706 – Funbo 16 August 1764) was a Swedish physicist, philosopher and theologian.

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Noah Porter

Noah Thomas Porter III (December 14, 1811 – March 4, 1892)Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University, Yale University, 1891-2, New Haven, pp.

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Noetics

In philosophy, noetics is a branch of metaphysical philosophy concerned with the study of mind as well as intellect.

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Nominalism

In metaphysics, nominalism is a philosophical view which denies the existence of universals and abstract objects, but affirms the existence of general or abstract terms and predicates.

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Nomology

In philosophy, nomology (from the Greek νόμος, law, and λόγος, reason) is concerned with the thinking process of the mind.

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Non-wellfounded mereology

In philosophy, specifically metaphysics, mereology is the study of parthood relationships.

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Nondualism

In spirituality, nondualism, also called non-duality, means "not two" or "one undivided without a second".

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Noneism

Noneism, also known as modal Meinongianism, is a theory in logic and metaphysics first coined by Richard Routley and appropriated again in 2005 by Graham Priest.

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Nontheistic religion

Nontheistic religions are traditions of thought within a religious context—some otherwise aligned with theism, others not—in which nontheism informs religious beliefs or practices.

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Nontrinitarianism

Nontrinitarianism is a form of Christianity that rejects the mainstream Christian doctrine of the Trinity—the teaching that God is three distinct hypostases or persons who are coeternal, coequal, and indivisibly united in one being, or essence (from the Greek ousia).

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Norman Kemp Smith

Norman Duncan Kemp Smith FRSE (5 May 1872 – 3 September 1958) was a Scottish philosopher who was Professor of Psychology (1906–14) and Philosophy (1914–19) at Princeton University and was Professor of Logic and Metaphysics at the University of Edinburgh (1919–45).

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Norman Robert Campbell

Norman Robert Campbell (1880–1949) was an English physicist and philosopher of science.

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Noumenon

In metaphysics, the noumenon (from Greek: νούμενον) is a posited object or event that exists independently of human sense and/or perception.

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Nous

Nous, sometimes equated to intellect or intelligence, is a philosophical term for the faculty of the human mind which is described in classical philosophy as necessary for understanding what is true or real.

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Nur Ali Elahi

Nur Ali Elahi (or Ostad Elahi var. Nūr ‘Alī Ilāhī, Nour Ali Elahi, نورعلی الهی - استاد الهی) (September 11, 1895 – October 19, 1974) was an Iranian philosopher, jurist and musician of Kurdish descent whose work investigated the metaphysical dimension of human beings.

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Nyaya

(Sanskrit: न्याय, ny-āyá), literally means "rules", "method" or "judgment".

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Nyāya Sūtras

The Nyāya Sūtras is an ancient Indian Sanskrit text composed by, and the foundational text of the Nyaya school of Hindu philosophy.

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Object (philosophy)

An object is a technical term in modern philosophy often used in contrast to the term subject.

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Object-oriented ontology

In metaphysics, object-oriented ontology (OOO) is a 21st-century Heidegger-influenced school of thought that rejects the privileging of human existence over the existence of nonhuman objects.

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Objective idealism

Objective idealism is an idealistic metaphysics that postulates that there is in an important sense only one perceiver, and that this perceiver is one with that which is perceived.

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Objectivism (Ayn Rand)

Objectivism is a philosophical system developed by Russian-American writer Ayn Rand (1905–1982).

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Objectivism and libertarianism

Ayn Rand's philosophy of Objectivism has been and continues to be a major influence on the libertarian movement, particularly in the United States.

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Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand

Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand is a 1991 book by the philosopher Leonard Peikoff, in which the author discusses the ideas of his mentor, Ayn Rand.

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Objectivity (philosophy)

Objectivity is a central philosophical concept, objective means being independent of the perceptions thus objectivity means the property of being independent from the perceptions, which has been variously defined by sources.

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Obscurantism

Obscurantism (and) is the practice of deliberately presenting information in an imprecise and recondite manner, often designed to forestall further inquiry and understanding.

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Occam's razor

Occam's razor (also Ockham's razor or Ocham's razor; Latin: lex parsimoniae "law of parsimony") is the problem-solving principle that, the simplest explanation tends to be the right one.

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Odium theologicum

The Latin phrase odium theologicum (literally "theological hatred") is the name originally given to the often intense anger and hatred generated by disputes over theology.

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Ohr

Ohr ("Light" אור; plural: Ohros/Ohrot "Lights") is a central Kabbalistic term in the Jewish mystical tradition.

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Olav Gjelsvik

Olav Gjelsvik (born 30 June 1956) is a Norwegian philosopher.

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Olavo de Carvalho

Olavo Luiz Pimentel de Carvalho (born 29 April 1947) is a Brazilian philosopher, journalist, essayist and professor.

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Oliver Feltham

Oliver Feltham is an Australian philosopher and translator working in Paris, France.

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On the Origin of Species

On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life),The book's full original title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.

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One and One Is One (album)

One and One Is One is the debut studio album by English dance music group Joi, released on 23 February 1999 by Real World Records.

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One, No One and One Hundred Thousand

One, No One and One Hundred Thousand (Uno, Nessuno e Centomila) is a 1926 novel by the Italian writer Luigi Pirandello.

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Ontology

Ontology (introduced in 1606) is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations.

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Ontology (information science)

In computer science and information science, an ontology encompasses a representation, formal naming, and definition of the categories, properties, and relations of the concepts, data, and entities that substantiate one, many, or all domains.

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Ontotheology

Ontotheology means the ontology of God and/or the theology of being.

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Optics

Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.

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Origin myth

An origin myth is a myth that purports to describe the origin of some feature of the natural or social world.

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Original sin

Original sin, also called "ancestral sin", is a Christian belief of the state of sin in which humanity exists since the fall of man, stemming from Adam and Eve's rebellion in Eden, namely the sin of disobedience in consuming the forbidden fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.

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Os Paranormais

Os Paranormais (English: The Paranormal) was a Brazilian television series, produced by Cygnus Media and broadcast as a segment of Sunday program Domingo Legal.

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Oslo Cathedral School

Schola Osloensis, known in Norwegian as Oslo katedralskole (Oslo Cathedral School) and more commonly as "Katta" is a selective upper secondary school located in Oslo, Norway.

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Other (philosophy)

In phenomenology, the terms the Other and the Constitutive Other identify the other human being, in their differences from the Self, as being a cumulative, constituting factor in the self-image of a person; as their acknowledgement of being real; hence, the Other is dissimilar to and the opposite of the Self, of Us, and of the Same.

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Other Goddess Circle

The Other Goddess Circle (Круг Иной Богини) is a monotheistic branch of Turkic Burkhanism or a close to Goddess movement independent new religious movement.

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Other Songs (novel)

Inne pieśni (Other Songs) is a novel written in 2003 by Jacek Dukaj, Polish science fiction writer and published in Poland by Wydawnictwo Literackie.

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Otherworld

The concept of an otherworld in historical Indo-European religion is reconstructed in comparative mythology.

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Otto Casmann

Otto Casmann (1562 - 1 August 1607) (also known by the Latinized name Casmannus) was a German humanist who converted from Catholicism to Protestantism as a young man.

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Otto Neurath

Otto Neurath (December 10, 1882 – December 22, 1945) was an Austrian philosopher, philosopher of science, sociologist, and political economist.

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Ousia (band)

Ousia is a music ensemble from Minneapolis, Minnesota.

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Outline of academic disciplines

An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of knowledge that is taught and researched as part of higher education.

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Outline of metaphysics

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to metaphysics: Metaphysics – traditional branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world that encompasses it,Geisler, Norman L. "Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics" page 446.

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Outline of philosophy

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to philosophy: Philosophy – study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

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Outline of social science

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to social science: Social science – branch of science concerned with society and human behaviors.

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Outline of spirituality

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to spirituality: Spirituality may refer to an ultimate or an alleged immaterial reality, an inner path enabling a person to discover the essence of his/her being, or the “deepest values and meanings by which people live.” Spiritual practices, including meditation, prayer and contemplation, are intended to develop an individual's inner life; spiritual experience includes that of connectedness with a larger reality, yielding a more comprehensive self; with other individuals or the human community; with nature or the cosmos; or with the divine realm.

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Outline of the history of Western civilization

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the history of Western civilization, a record of the development of human civilization beginning in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, and generally spreading westwards.

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P. M. H. Atwater

P.

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Panayot Butchvarov

Panayot Butchvarov (Bulgarian: Панайот Бъчваров; born April 2, 1933, in Sofia, Bulgaria) is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Iowa.

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Pandeism

Pandeism (or pan-deism) is a theological doctrine first delineated in the 18th century which combines aspects of pantheism with aspects of deism.

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Pandeism in Asia

Pandeism (or pan-deism), a theological doctrine which combines aspects of pantheism into deism, and holds that the creator deity became the universe and ceased to exist as a separate and conscious entity, has been noted by various authors to encompass many religious beliefs found in Asia, with examples primarily being drawn from India and China.

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Paolo Sarpi

Paolo Sarpi (14 August 1552 – 15 January 1623) was an Italian historian, prelate, scientist, canon lawyer, and statesman active on behalf of the Venetian Republic during the period of its successful defiance of the papal interdict (1605–1607) and its war (1615–1617) with Austria over the Uskok pirates.

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Parable of the Poisoned Arrow

The parable of the arrow (or 'Parable of the poisoned arrow') is a Buddhist parable that illustrates the skeptic and pragmatic themes of the Cula-Malunkyovada Sutta (The Shorter Instructions to Malunkya) which is part of the middle length discourses (Majjhima Nikaya), one of the five sections of the Sutta Pitaka.

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Paracletus

Paracletus is the fifth full-length studio album recorded by the French black metal band Deathspell Omega, released on 9 November 2010 through Norma Evangelium Diaboli along with Season of Mist.

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Parmenides

Parmenides of Elea (Παρμενίδης ὁ Ἐλεάτης) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Elea in Magna Graecia (Greater Greece, included Southern Italy).

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Part–whole theory

Part–whole theory is the name of a loose collection of historical theories, all informal and nearly all unwitting, relating wholes to their parts via inclusion.

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Particular

In metaphysics, particulars are defined as concrete, spatiotemporal entities as opposed to abstract entities, such as properties or numbers.

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Paschal mystery

Paschal Mystery is one of the central concepts of Catholic faith relating to the history of salvation.

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Patriology

In Christian theology, term Patriology refers to the study of the God the Father.

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Patsy Moore

Patsy Alexis Moore, an African American, born August 10, 1964 on the West Indian island of Antigua, is an award-winning, critically acclaimed singer/songwriter, as well as a poet, essayist, and educator.

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Paul Carus

Paul Carus (18 July 1852 – 11 February 1919) was a German-American author, editor, a student of comparative religion, from Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas, edited by Philip P. Wiener (Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1973–74).

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Paul Crowther

Paul Crowther (born 24 August 1953), is a professor of philosophy and author specialising in the fields of aesthetics, metaphysics, and visual culture.

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Paul Foulquié

Paul Foulquié (16 March 1893 – 6 September 1983) was a French thinker and philosopher known for his books on metaphysics, epistemology, existentialism and psychology.

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Paul Georgescu

Paul Georgescu (November 7, 1923 – October 15, 1989) was a Romanian literary critic, journalist, fiction writer and communist political figure.

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Paul Grice

Herbert Paul Grice (13 March 1913 – 28 August 1988), usually publishing under the name H. P. Grice, H. Paul Grice, or Paul Grice, was a British philosopher of language, whose work on meaning has influenced the philosophical study of semantics.

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Paul Humphreys (philosopher)

Paul Humphreys is a significant contributor to the philosophy of emergent properties, as well as other areas in the Philosophy of science and Philosophy of probability.

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Paul LaFarge

Paul B. La Farge is an American novelist, essayist and academic.

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Paul of Venice

Paul of Venice (or Paulus Venetus; 1369–1429) was a Roman Catholic scholastic philosopher, theologian, and realist logician and metaphysician of the Hermits of the Order of Saint Augustine.

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Paul Solomon

Paul Solomon (7 July 1939 – 4 March 1994) was a professed psychic and seer who claimed to channel answers to questions asked of him from a metaphysical "Source".

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Paul W. Franks

Paul Walter Franks, is a scholar, writer and professor of philosophy.

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Paul Weiss (philosopher)

Paul Weiss (May 19, 1901 – July 5, 2002) was an American philosopher.

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Pavel Jozef Šafárik

Pavel Jozef Šafárik (13 May 1795 – 26 June 1861) was a Slovak philologist, poet, one of the first scientific Slavists; literary historian, historian and ethnographer.

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Peace Theological Seminary & College of Philosophy

Peace Theological Seminary & College of Philosophy (PTS) is a theological seminary and the educational arm of the Church of the Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness.

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Pedagogical Sketchbook

Pedagogical Sketchbook is a book by Paul Klee.

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Pedro da Fonseca (philosopher)

Pedro da Fonseca (Proença-a-Nova, 1528 – Lisbon, 4 November 1599) was a Portuguese Jesuit philosopher and theologian.

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Pedro Nunes

Pedro Nunes (Latin: Petrus Nonius; 1502 – 11 August 1578) was a Portuguese mathematician, cosmographer, and professor, from a New Christian (of Jewish origin) family.

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Pelléas and Mélisande

Pelléas and Mélisande (Pelléas et Mélisande) is a Symbolist play by Maurice Maeterlinck about the forbidden, doomed love of the title characters.

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Penelope Mackie

Penelope Mackie is a philosopher and Associate Professor and Reader in the department of philosophy at the University of Nottingham, and was the Head of Department from 2007 until 2010 Mackie has also held positions at the University of Birmingham (1994–2004), as lecturer; a fixed-term fellowship at New College, Oxford, (1990–1994); Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University (1987–1990); a visiting lecturer at the University of Maryland (1986–1987); and, has lectured at various Oxford colleges.

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Penelope Maddy

Penelope Maddy (born 4 July 1950 in Tulsa, Oklahoma) is a UCI Distinguished Professor of Logic and Philosophy of Science and of Mathematics at the University of California, Irvine.

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Per Hüttner

Per Hüttner is a Swedish visual artist who lives and works in Paris, France.

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Perennial philosophy

Perennial philosophy (philosophia perennis), also referred to as Perennialism and perennial wisdom, is a perspective in modern spirituality that views each of the world's religious traditions as sharing a single, metaphysical truth or origin from which all esoteric and exoteric knowledge and doctrine has grown.

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Perfect Imperfection

Perfect Imperfection: First third of progress (Perfekcyjna niedoskonałość.; also sometimes translated as "Ideal Imperfection") is a science fiction novel published in 2004 by the Polish science fiction writer Jacek Dukaj as the first part of a planned trilogy.

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Perfection

Perfection is, broadly, a state of completeness and flawlessness.

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Persian blue

Persian blue (not to be confused with Prussian blue) comes in three major tones: Persian blue proper—a bright medium blue; medium Persian blue (a medium slightly grayish blue that is slightly indigoish); and a kind of dark blue that is much closer to the web color indigo; this darker shade of Persian blue is referred to as Persian indigo, dark Persian blue, or regimental.

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Personal identity

In philosophy, the matter of personal identity deals with such questions as, "What makes it true that a person at one time is the same thing as a person at another time?" or "What kinds of things are we persons?" Generally, personal identity is the unique numerical identity of a person in the course of time.

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Peter Abelard

Peter Abelard (Petrus Abaelardus or Abailardus; Pierre Abélard,; 1079 – 21 April 1142) was a medieval French scholastic philosopher, theologian, and preeminent logician.

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Peter Kingsley (scholar)

Peter Kingsley (born 1953) is the author of four books and numerous articles on ancient philosophy, including Ancient Philosophy, Mystery and Magic, In the Dark Places of Wisdom, Reality, and A Story Waiting to Pierce You: Mongolia, Tibet and the Destiny of the Western World.

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Peter Lipton

Peter Lipton (October 9, 1954 – November 25, 2007) was the Hans Rausing Professor and Head of the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at Cambridge University, and a fellow of King's College, until his unexpected death in November 2007.

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Peter Ludlow

Peter Ludlow (born January 16, 1957), who also writes under the pseudonym Urizenus Sklar, is an American philosopher of language.

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Peter Menzies (philosopher)

Peter Menzies (5 Feb 1953 - 6 Feb 2015) was an Australian philosopher and past president of the Australasian Association of Philosophy, who held teaching positions at Macquarie University, University of Sydney, and Australian National University.

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Peter Simons (academic)

Peter M. Simons, FBA (born 23 March 1950) is a retired professor of philosophy at Trinity College Dublin.

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Peter Unger

Peter K. Unger (born April 25, 1942) is a contemporary American philosopher and professor at New York University.

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Peter van Inwagen

Peter van Inwagen (born September 21, 1942) is an American analytic philosopher and the John Cardinal O'Hara Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame.

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Peter Wessel Zapffe

Peter Wessel Zapffe (December 18, 1899 – October 12, 1990) was a Norwegian metaphysician, author, lawyer and mountaineer.

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Peter-Paul Verbeek

Peter-Paul Verbeek (born 6 December 1970, Middelburg) is a Dutch philosopher of technology, chair of the philosophy department at the University of Twente (Netherlands), member of the Dutch council for the Humanities and chair of the Society for Philosophy and Technology.

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Petrarch

Francesco Petrarca (July 20, 1304 – July 18/19, 1374), commonly anglicized as Petrarch, was a scholar and poet of Renaissance Italy who was one of the earliest humanists.

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Petrus de Ibernia

Petrus de Ibernia, also known as Peter of Ireland, writer and lecturer, fl.

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Peyman Fattahi

Peyman Fattahi (پیمان فتاحی born 1973 in Kermanshah, Iran), also known as Master Elias M. Ramollah (استاد ایلیا میم), is the founder and leader of the El Yasin Community (جمیعت آل یاسین).

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Phenomenology (philosophy)

Phenomenology (from Greek phainómenon "that which appears" and lógos "study") is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness.

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Philip K. Dick

Philip Kindred Dick (December 16, 1928 – March 2, 1982) was an American writer known for his work in science fiction.

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Philip Kitcher

Philip Stuart Kitcher (born 20 February 1947) is a British philosophy professor who specialises in the philosophy of science, the philosophy of biology, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of literature, and, more recently, pragmatism.

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Philip Sherrard

Philip Owen Arnould Sherrard (23 September 1922 – 30 May 1995) was a British author, translator and philosopher.

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Philipp Mainländer

Philipp Mainländer (October 5, 1841 – April 1, 1876) was a German poet and philosopher.

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Philosopher

A philosopher is someone who practices philosophy, which involves rational inquiry into areas that are outside either theology or science.

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Philosophers and Philosophicules

"Philosophers and Philosophicules" is an editorial published in October 1889 in the theosophical magazine ''Lucifer''; it was compiled by Helena Blavatsky.

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Philosophical anthropology

Philosophical anthropology, sometimes called anthropological philosophy, is a discipline dealing with questions of metaphysics and phenomenology of the human person, and interpersonal relationships.

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Philosophical Explanations

Philosophical Explanations is a 1981 metaphysical, epistemological, and ethical treatise by the philosopher Robert Nozick.

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Philosophical poets

A philosophical poet is an author or scholar who employs poetic devices, styles, or forms to explore subjects common to the field of philosophy.

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Philosophical progress

A prominent question in metaphilosophy is that of whether philosophical progress occurs, and more so, whether such progress in philosophy is even possible.

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Philosophy

Philosophy (from Greek φιλοσοφία, philosophia, literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

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Philosophy and Phenomenological Research

Philosophy and Phenomenological Research (PPR) is a bimonthly philosophy journal founded in 1940.

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Philosophy and religion of the Tlingit

The philosophy and religion of the Tlingit, although never formally codified, was historically a fairly well organized philosophical and religious system whose basic axioms shaped the way all Tlingit people viewed and interacted with the world around them.

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Philosophy in Canada

The study and teaching of philosophy in Canada date from the time of New France.

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Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks

Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks (Philosophie im tragischen Zeitalter der Griechen) is an incomplete book by Friedrich Nietzsche.

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Philosophy of Baruch Spinoza

Spinoza's philosophy encompasses nearly every area of philosophical discourse, including metaphysics, epistemology, political philosophy, ethics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of science.

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Philosophy of biology

The philosophy of biology is a subfield of philosophy of science, which deals with epistemological, metaphysical, and ethical issues in the biological and biomedical sciences.

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Philosophy of education

Philosophy of education can refer either to the application of philosophy to the problem of education, examining definitions, goals and chains of meaning used in education by teachers, administrators or policymakers.

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Philosophy of environment

The philosophy of environment is a trend of free thought located between philosophy, epistemology and anthropology.

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Philosophy of geography

Philosophy of geography is the subfield of philosophy which deals with epistemological, metaphysical, and axiological issues in geography, with geographic methodology in general, and with more broadly related issues such as the perception and representation of space and place.

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Philosophy of human rights

The philosophy of human rights attempts to examine the underlying basis of the concept of human rights and critically looks at its content and justification.

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Philosophy of life

There are at least two senses in which the term philosophy is used: a formal and an informal sense.

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Philosophy of medicine

The philosophy of medicine is a branch of philosophy that includes the epistemology, ontology/metaphysics, and ethics of medicine.

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Philosophy of mind

Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the mind.

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Philosophy of music

Philosophy of music is the study of "...fundamental questions about the nature of music and our experience of it".

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Philosophy of perception

The philosophy of perception is concerned with the nature of perceptual experience and the status of perceptual data, in particular how they relate to beliefs about, or knowledge of, the world.

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Philosophy of religion

Philosophy of religion is "the philosophical examination of the central themes and concepts involved in religious traditions." These sorts of philosophical discussion are ancient, and can be found in the earliest known manuscripts concerning philosophy.

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Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard

Søren Kierkegaard's philosophy has been a major influence in the development of 20th-century philosophy, especially existentialism and postmodernism.

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Philosophy of science

Philosophy of science is a sub-field of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science.

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Philosophy of space and time

Philosophy of space and time is the branch of philosophy concerned with the issues surrounding the ontology, epistemology, and character of space and time.

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Philosophy of war

The philosophy of war is the area of philosophy devoted to examining issues such as the causes of war, the relationship between war and human nature, and the ethics of war.

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Philosophy Research Index

The Philosophy Research Index is an indexing database containing bibliographic information on philosophical publications in several western languages.

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Philosothon

A Philosothon is an annual competition wherein students explore philosophical and ethical issues.

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Phoebe Buffay

Phoebe Buffay-Hannigan is a fictional character, portrayed by Lisa Kudrow, one of the six main characters from the American sitcom Friends, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman.

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Phonocentrism

Phonocentrism is the belief that sounds and speech are inherently superior to, or more primary than, written language.

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Phylogenetic nomenclature

Phylogenetic nomenclature, often called cladistic nomenclature, is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names as explained below.

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Physical law

A physical law or scientific law is a theoretical statement "inferred from particular facts, applicable to a defined group or class of phenomena, and expressible by the statement that a particular phenomenon always occurs if certain conditions be present." Physical laws are typically conclusions based on repeated scientific experiments and observations over many years and which have become accepted universally within the scientific community.

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Physis

Physis (Greek: italic phusis) is a Greek theological, philosophical, and scientific term usually translated into English as "nature".

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Piacenza

Piacenza (Piacentino: Piaṡëinsa) is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy.

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Pieranna Garavaso

Pieranna Garavaso is an analytic philosopher at the University of Minnesota Morris.

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Pierre Louis Maupertuis

Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698 – 27 July 1759) was a French mathematician, philosopher and man of letters.

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Pierre Scheuer

Pierre Scheuer (9 November 1872, Schaerbeek – 6 February 1957, Louvain) was a Belgian Jesuit priest, metaphysician and mystic.

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Pierre-François Chabaneau

Pierre-François Chabaneau (June 27, 1754 – February 18, 1842) was a French chemist who spent much of his life working in Spain.

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Pierre-Paul Grassé

Pierre-Paul Grassé (November 27, 1895, Périgueux (Dordogne) – July 9, 1985) was a French zoologist, author of over 300 publications including the influential 52-volume Traité de Zoologie.

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Pietro Catena

Pietro Catena (1501–1577) was an Italian astronomer, philosopher, mathematician, theologian and catholic priest, citizen of the Republic of Venice.

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Pilar Zeta

Pilar Zeta is an Argentinean artist, graphic designer, and fashion designer best known for her surrealist album covers.

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Pineal gland

The pineal gland, also known as the conarium, kônarion or epiphysis cerebri, is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain.

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Piraeus Apollo

The Piraeus Apollo is an archaic-style bronze dating from the 6th century BC, possibly from the years 530–520 BC, exhibited now at the Archaeological Museum of Piraeus (Athens).

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Plane (esotericism)

In esoteric cosmology, a plane is conceived as a subtle state, level, or region of reality, each plane corresponding to some type, kind, or category of being.

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Plane of immanence

Plane of immanence (plan d'immanence) is a founding concept in the metaphysics or ontology of French philosopher Gilles Deleuze.

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Plato

Plato (Πλάτων Plátōn, in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.

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Plato's Problem

Plato's Problem is the term given by Noam Chomsky to "the problem of explaining how we can know so much" given our limited experience.

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Platonia (philosophy)

In Julian Barbour's book The End of Time: The Next Revolution in Our Understanding of the Universe, Platonia is the name given to his hypothetic entity of a timeless realm containing every possible "Now" or momentary configuration of the universe.

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Plotinus

Plotinus (Πλωτῖνος; – 270) was a major Greek-speaking philosopher of the ancient world.

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Pluralism (philosophy)

Pluralism is a term used in philosophy, meaning "doctrine of multiplicity", often used in opposition to monism ("doctrine of unity") and dualism ("doctrine of duality").

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Pneuma

Pneuma (πνεῦμα) is an ancient Greek word for "breath", and in a religious context for "spirit" or "soul".

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Pneuma (Stoic)

In Stoic philosophy, pneuma (πνεῦμα) is the concept of the "breath of life," a mixture of the elements air (in motion) and fire (as warmth).

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Political Animals and Animal Politics

Political Animals and Animal Politics is a 2014 edited collection published by Palgrave Macmillan and edited by the green political theorists Marcel Wissenburg and David Schlosberg.

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Pond of Abundance

In Islam, the Pond of Abundance (Ḥawḍ al-Kawthar) refers to a pond or river that is exists in Paradise.

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Ponnambalam-Coomaraswamy family

The Ponnambalam-Coomaraswamy family is a Sri Lankan Tamil Hindu family that was prominent in politics in former Ceylon former name of Sri Lanka from colonial era to 1972.

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Poor Dionis

Poor Dionis or Poor Dionysus (Sărmanul Dionis, originally spelled Sermanul Dionisie; Valentin Coșereanu,, in Caiete Critice, Nr. 6/2010, p. 23 also translated as Wretched Dionysus or The Sorrowful Dionis) is an 1872 prose work by Romanian poet Mihai Eminescu, classified by scholars as either a novel, a novella or a modern fairy tale.

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Pope John XXI

Pope John XXI (Ioannes XXI; – 20 May 1277), born Peter Juliani (Petrus Iulianus; Pedro Julião), was Pope from 8 September 1276 to his death in 1277.

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Posidonius

Posidonius (Ποσειδώνιος, Poseidonios, meaning "of Poseidon") "of Apameia" (ὁ Ἀπαμεύς) or "of Rhodes" (ὁ Ῥόδιος) (c. 135 BCE – c. 51 BCE), was a Greek Stoic philosopher, politician, astronomer, geographer, historian and teacher native to Apamea, Syria.

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Positivism

Positivism is a philosophical theory stating that certain ("positive") knowledge is based on natural phenomena and their properties and relations.

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Postmodern theology

Postmodern theology—also known as the continental philosophy of religion—is a philosophical and theological movement that interprets theology in light of post-Heideggerian continental philosophy, including phenomenology, post-structuralism, and deconstruction.

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Postmodernism

Postmodernism is a broad movement that developed in the mid- to late-20th century across philosophy, the arts, architecture, and criticism and that marked a departure from modernism.

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Postmodernity

Postmodernity (post-modernity or the postmodern condition) is the economic or cultural state or condition of society which is said to exist after modernity.

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Potentiality and actuality

In philosophy, potentiality and actuality are principles of a dichotomy which Aristotle used to analyze motion, causality, ethics, and physiology in his Physics, Metaphysics, Nicomachean Ethics and De Anima, which is about the human psyche.

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Practical philosophy

The division of philosophy into a practical philosophy and a theoretical discipline has its origin in Aristotle's moral philosophy and natural philosophy categories.

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Pragmatism

Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that began in the United States around 1870.

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Pramana

Pramana (Sanskrit: प्रमाण) literally means "proof" and "means of knowledge".

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Pratītyasamutpāda

Pratītyasamutpāda (प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद pratītyasamutpāda; पटिच्चसमुप्पाद paṭiccasamuppāda), commonly translated as dependent origination, or dependent arising, is the principle that all dharmas ("phenomena") arise in dependence upon other dharmas: "if this exists, that exists; if this ceases to exist, that also ceases to exist".

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Predeterminism

Predeterminism is the idea that all events are determined in advance.

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Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot

The Preliminary Discourse to the Encyclopedia of Diderot (Discours Préliminaire des Éditeurs) is the primer to Denis Diderot's Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, par une Société de Gens de lettres, a collaborative collection of all the known branches of the arts and sciences of the 18th century French Enlightenment.

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Primary/secondary quality distinction

The primary/secondary quality distinction is a conceptual distinction in epistemology and metaphysics, concerning the nature of reality.

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Prince of Nothing

The Prince of Nothing is a series of three fantasy novels by the Canadian author R. Scott Bakker, first published in 2004, part of a wider series known as "The Second Apocalypse".

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Prince Rama

Prince Rama (previously Prince Rama of Ayodhya) is a two-piece "now age" psych-dance band based in Brooklyn, New York, founded by sisters Taraka Larson and Nimai Larson.

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Principles of Philosophy

Principles of Philosophy (Principia philosophiae) is a book by René Descartes.

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Prism

In optics, a prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light.

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Prison Notebooks

The Prison Notebooks (Quaderni del carcere) were a series of essays written by the Italian neo-Marxist Antonio Gramsci.

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Problem of induction

The problem of induction is the philosophical question of whether inductive reasoning leads to knowledge understood in the classic philosophical sense, highlighting the apparent lack of justification for.

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Problem of religious language

The problem of religious language considers whether it is possible to talk about God meaningfully if the traditional conceptions of God as being incorporeal, infinite, and timeless, are accepted.

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Problem of universals

In metaphysics, the problem of universals refers to the question of whether properties exist, and if so, what they are.

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Problem of why there is anything at all

The question "Why is there anything at all?", or, "Why is there something rather than nothing?" has been raised or commented on by philosophers including Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Martin Heidegger − who called it the fundamental question of metaphysics − and Ludwig Wittgenstein.

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Process philosophy

Process philosophy — also ontology of becoming, processism, or philosophy of organism — identifies metaphysical reality with change and development.

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Process theology

Process theology is a type of theology developed from Alfred North Whitehead's (1861–1947) process philosophy, most notably by Charles Hartshorne (1897–2000) and John B. Cobb (b. 1925).

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Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics

Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics That Will Be Able to Present Itself as a Science (Prolegomena zu einer jeden künftigen Metaphysik, die als Wissenschaft wird auftreten können) is a book by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, published in 1783, two years after the first edition of his Critique of Pure Reason.

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Pseudophilosophy

Pseudophilosophy is a term, often considered derogatory, applied to criticize philosophical ideas or systems which are claimed not to meet an expected set of standards.

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Pseudoscience

Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that are claimed to be both scientific and factual, but are incompatible with the scientific method.

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Psychic archaeology

Psychic archaeology is a loose collection of practices involving the application of paranormal phenomena to problems in archaeology.

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Psycho (novel)

Psycho (1959) is a thriller novel by American writer Robert Bloch.

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Psychonautics

Psychonautics (from the Ancient Greek ψυχή psychē and ναύτης naútēs – "a sailor of the soul") refers both to a methodology for describing and explaining the subjective effects of altered states of consciousness, especially an important subgroup called holotropic states, including those induced by meditation or mind-altering substances, and to a research paradigm in which the researcher voluntarily immerses himself or herself into an altered mental state in order to explore the accompanying experiences.

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Puppet Master (film)

Puppet Master (also titled The Puppet Master, and Puppetmaster) is a 1989 American horror film written by Charles Band and Kenneth J. Hall, and directed by David Schmoeller.

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Pylea

In the fictional universe established by the television series Angel, Pylea is a world in an alternate dimension where demons are the dominant life form and humans are treated as animals to be used as beasts of burden or even food.

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Pythagoras

Pythagoras of Samos was an Ionian Greek philosopher and the eponymous founder of the Pythagoreanism movement.

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Qian fu lun

Qian fu lun ("Comments of a Recluse") is a political-metaphysical text by the Later Han philosopher Wang Fu.

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Qimen Dunjia

Qimen Dunjia is an ancient form of divination from China, which is still in use in China, Taiwan, Singapore and the Chinese diaspora in Southeast Asia.

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Qingtan

Qīngtán was a movement related to Taoism that developed during the Wei-Jin (魏晉) period and continued on through the Southern and Northern dynasties.

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Quantum mysticism

Quantum mysticism is a set of metaphysical beliefs and associated practices that seek to relate consciousness, intelligence, spirituality, or mystical worldviews to the ideas of quantum mechanics and its interpretations.

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Quantum Psychology

Quantum Psychology: How Brain Software Programs You & Your World is a book written by Robert Anton Wilson, originally published in 1990.

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Querencia

Querencia is a metaphysical concept in the Spanish language.

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Quidditism

In metaphysics, quidditism is the perspective implied by the belief that nomological roles do not supervene on causal properties.

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R. G. Collingwood

Robin George Collingwood, FBA (22 February 1889 – 9 January 1943), was an English philosopher, historian and archaeologist.

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R. S. Thomas

Ronald Stuart Thomas (29 March 1913 – 25 September 2000), published as R. S. Thomas, was a Welsh poet and Anglican priest who was noted for his nationalism, spirituality and deep dislike of the anglicisation of Wales.

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Rachel Albeck-Gidron

Rachel Albeck-Gidron (born 1960) is an Israeli inter-disciplinary researcher of Hebrew and comparative literature, philosophy and art.

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Rae Langton

Rae Helen Langton, FBA (born 14 February 1961) is an Australian and British professor of philosophy.

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Raghunatha Siromani

Raghunatha Shiromani (রঘুনাথ শিরোমণি, IAST: Raghunātha Śiromaṇi) (c. 1477–1547) was an Indian philosopher and logician.

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Rais Amrohvi

Rais Amrohvi (رئیس امروہوی), whose real name was Syed Muhammad Mehdi (1914-1988) was a Pakistani scholar, Urdu poet and psychoanalyst and elder brother of Jon Elia.

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Raja Rao

Sri K. Raja Rao (8 November 1908 – 8 July 2006) was an Indian writer of English-language novels and short stories, whose works are deeply rooted in Metaphysics. The Serpent and the Rope (1960), a semi-autobiographical novel recounting a search for spiritual truth in Europe and India, established him as one of the finest Indian prose stylists and won him the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1964. For the entire body of his work, Rao was awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature in 1988. Rao's wide-ranging body of work, spanning a number of genres, is seen as a varied and significant contribution to Indian English literature, as well as World literature as a whole.

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Ralph Barton

Ralph Barton (August 14, 1891 – May 19, 1931) was an American artist best known for his cartoons and caricatures of actors and other celebrities.

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Ralph Waldo Trine

Ralph Waldo Trine (October 26, 1866 – November 8, 1958) was an American philosopher, author, and teacher.

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Ramakanta Rath

Ramakanta Rath (born 13 December 1934) is one of the most renowned modernist poets in the Odia literature.

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Ramón de Campoamor y Campoosorio

Ramón María de las Mercedes de Campoamor y Campoosorio (September 24, 1817 – February 11, 1901), known as Ramón de Campoamor, was a Spanish realist poet and philosopher.

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Ramón Xirau

Ramón Xirau Subías (Barcelona, Spain, 20 January 1924 – Mexico City, 26 July 2017) was a Spanish-born Mexican poet, philosopher and literary critic.

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Ramsey sentence

Ramsey sentences are formal logical reconstructions of theoretical propositions attempting to draw a line between science and metaphysics.

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Rathmell Academy

Rathmell Academy was a Dissenting academy set up at Rathmell, North Yorkshire, and was the oldest non-conformist seat of learning in the north of England.

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Rationalism

In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification".

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Raymond Vieussens

Raymond Vieussens (ca. 1635 – 16 August 1715) was a French anatomist from Le Vigan.

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Rémi Brague

Rémi Brague (born 8 September 1947) is a French historian of philosophy, specializing in the Arabic, Jewish, and Christian thought of the Middle Ages.

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Reality

Reality is all of physical existence, as opposed to that which is merely imaginary.

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Reality in Buddhism

Reality in Buddhism is called dharma (Sanskrit) or dhamma (Pali).

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Reason

Reason is the capacity for consciously making sense of things, establishing and verifying facts, applying logic, and changing or justifying practices, institutions, and beliefs based on new or existing information.

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Reductionism

Reductionism is any of several related philosophical ideas regarding the associations between phenomena which can be described in terms of other simpler or more fundamental phenomena.

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Reinhard Hütter

Reinhard Hütter (born 1 November 1958 in Lichtenfels, Bavaria) is a Christian theologian and Professor of Christian Theology at Duke Divinity School in Durham, North Carolina.

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Relational space

The relational theory of space is a metaphysical theory according to which space is composed of relations between objects, with the implication that it cannot exist in the absence of matter.

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Relationalism

Relationalism is any theoretical position that gives importance to the relational nature of things.

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Religion

Religion may be defined as a cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, world views, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that relates humanity to supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual elements.

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Religion in China

China has long been a cradle and host to a variety of the most enduring religio-philosophical traditions of the world.

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Religion in Greece

Religion in Greece is dominated by the Greek Orthodox Church, which is within the larger communion of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

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Religion in Iran

According to the CIA World Factbook, around 90–95%.

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Religion in the United States

Religion in the United States is characterized by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices.

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Religious behavior in animals

Animal faith is the study of animal behaviours that suggest proto-religious faith.

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Religious experience

A religious experience (sometimes known as a spiritual experience, sacred experience, or mystical experience) is a subjective experience which is interpreted within a religious framework.

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Religious Science

Science of Mind was established in 1927 by Ernest Holmes (1887–1960) and is a spiritual, philosophical and metaphysical religious movement within the New Thought movement.

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Remedios Varo

Remedios Varo Uranga (16 December 1908 – 8 October 1963) was a Spanish surrealist artist.

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Renaissance in Scotland

The Renaissance in Scotland was a cultural, intellectual and artistic movement in Scotland, from the late fifteenth century to the beginning of the seventeenth century.

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Renaud Barbaras

Renaud Barbaras (born in 1955) is a French contemporary philosopher.

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René Descartes

René Descartes (Latinized: Renatus Cartesius; adjectival form: "Cartesian"; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist.

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René Guénon

René-Jean-Marie-Joseph Guénon (15 November 1886 – 7 January 1951), also known as ʿAbd al-Wāḥid Yaḥyá, was a French author and intellectual who remains an influential figure in the domain of metaphysics, having written on topics ranging from sacred science and traditional studies, to symbolism and initiation.

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Requiem (Reger)

Max Reger's 1915 Requiem (or the Hebbel Requiem),, is a late Romantic setting of Friedrich Hebbel's poem "Requiem" for alto or baritone solo, chorus and orchestra.

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Revolutionary Girl Utena

is a manga by Chiho Saito and an anime directed by Kunihiko Ikuhara.

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Richard Avenarius

Richard Ludwig Heinrich Avenarius (November 19, 1843 – August 18, 1896) was a German-Swiss philosopher.

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Richard Burthogge

Richard Burthogge (1637/38–1705) (alias Borthoge, Burthog, Latinized to Burthoggius) of Devon, England, was a physician, magistrate and philosopher.

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Richard Frankland (tutor)

Richard Frankland (1630–1698) was an English nonconformist, notable for founding the Rathmell Academy, a dissenting academy in the north of England.

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Richard Grandy

Richard Grandy is an American philosopher and logician.

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Richard Holt Hutton

Richard Holt Hutton (2 June 1826 – 9 September 1897) was an English journalist of literature and religion.

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Richard Kaczynski

Richard Kaczynski is an American writer and lecturer in the fields of social psychology, metaphysical beliefs and new religious movements.

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Richard Leigh (poet)

Richard Leigh (1650–1728) was an English poet of gentry stock.

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Richard Leviton

Richard Leviton is an American writer, researcher and editor.

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Richard McKeon

Richard McKeon (April 26, 1900 – March 31, 1985) was an American philosopher and longtime professor at the University of Chicago.

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Richard Milton Martin

Richard Milton Martin (1916, Cleveland, Ohio – 22 November 1985, Milton, Massachusetts) was an American logician and analytic philosopher.

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Richard Misrach

Richard Misrach (born 1949) is an American photographer "firmly identified with the introduction of color to 'fine' photography in the 1970s, and with the use of large-format traditional cameras" (Nancy Princenthal, Art in America).

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Richard Price

Richard Price (23 February 1723 – 19 April 1791) was a British moral philosopher, nonconformist preacher and mathematician.

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Richard Sylvan

Richard Sylvan (13 December 1935 – 16 June 1996) was a philosopher, logician, and environmentalist.

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Richard Taylor (philosopher)

Richard Taylor (November 5, 1919 – October 30, 2003), born in Charlotte, Michigan, was an American philosopher renowned for his dry wit and his contributions to metaphysics.

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Robert A. Heinlein

Robert Anson Heinlein (See also the biography at the end of For Us, the Living, 2004 edition, p. 261. July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was an American science-fiction writer.

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Robert Adam

Robert Adam (3 July 1728 – 3 March 1792) was a Scottish neoclassical architect, interior designer and furniture designer.

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Robert Alyngton

Robert Alyngton (a.k.a. Arlyngton; died September 1398), was an English philosopher who developed new logical, semantic, metaphysical, and ontological theories in 14th century thought.

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Robert Anton Wilson

Robert Anton Wilson (born Robert Edward Wilson; January 18, 1932 – January 11, 2007) was an American author, novelist, essayist, editor, playwright, poet, futurist, and self-described agnostic mystic.

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Robert Blakey (writer)

Robert Blakey (1795–1878) was an English writer and academic, a Chartist radical and journalist.

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Robert C. Koons

Robert Koons is an American philosopher.

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Robert Fludd

Robert Fludd, also known as Robertus de Fluctibus (17 January 1574 – 8 September 1637), was a prominent English Paracelsian physician with both scientific and occult interests.

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Robert Hall (minister)

The Rev.

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Robert Henryson

Robert Henryson (Middle Scots: Robert Henrysoun) was a poet who flourished in Scotland in the period c. 1460–1500.

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Robert Kane (philosopher)

Robert Hilary Kane (born 1938, Boston) is an American philosopher.

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Robert Lenkiewicz

Robert Oscar Lenkiewicz (31 December 1941 – 5 August 2002) was one of South West England's most celebrated artists of modern times.

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Robert M. Pirsig

Robert Maynard Pirsig (September 6, 1928 – April 24, 2017) was an American writer and philosopher.

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Robert Merrihew Adams

Robert Merrihew Adams (born September 8, 1937), known to intimates as "Bob", is an American analytic philosopher of metaphysics, religion and morality.

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Robert Nozick

Robert Nozick (November 16, 1938 – January 23, 2002) was an American philosopher.

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Robert Owen (artist)

Robert Owen (born 29 June 1937) is an Australian artist and curator.

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Robert S. Corrington

Robert S. Corrington (born May 30, 1950) is an American philosopher and author of many books exploring human interpretation of the universe as well as biographies on C.S. Peirce and Wilhelm Reich.

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Robin Le Poidevin

Robin Le Poidevin (born 1962) is a Professor of Metaphysics at the University of Leeds whose special interests include agnosticism, philosophy of religion and metaphysics.

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Roderick Chisholm

Roderick Milton Chisholm (November 27, 1916 – January 19, 1999) was an American philosopher known for his work on epistemology, metaphysics, free will, value theory, and the philosophy of perception.

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Roger Zelazny

Roger Joseph Zelazny (May 13, 1937 – June 14, 1995) was an American poet and writer of fantasy and science fiction short stories and novels, best known for The Chronicles of Amber.

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Role of Christianity in civilization

The role of Christianity in civilization has been intricately intertwined with the history and formation of Western society.

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Romanticism in Scotland

Romanticism in Scotland was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that developed between the late eighteenth and the early nineteenth centuries.

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Royal Society of Thailand

The Royal Society of Thailand (ราชบัณฑิตยสภา), formerly known as the Royal Society of Siam, is the national academy of Thailand in charge of academic works of the government.

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Ruben Papian

Ruben Papian (born June 6, 1962 in Yerevan, Armenia) is an esotericist and para-scientist specializing in subjects such as metaphysics and parapsychology.

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Ruby the Galactic Gumshoe

Ruby the Galactic Gumshoe is the title character of a science fiction radio drama series by the ZBS Foundation, written by Thomas Lopez.

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Rudolf Carnap

Rudolf Carnap (May 18, 1891 – September 14, 1970) was a German-born philosopher who was active in Europe before 1935 and in the United States thereafter.

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Rudolf Steiner

Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner (27 (or 25) February 1861 – 30 March 1925) was an Austrian philosopher, social reformer, architect and esotericist.

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Rufus Osgood Mason

Rufus Osgood Mason (January 22, 1830 in Sullivan, New Hampshire – May 11, 1903 in New York City, New York) was a physician, surgeon, and teacher and an early researcher in parapsychology and hypnotherapy.

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Ryszard Krynicki

Ryszard Krynicki (born 28 June 1943) is a Polish poet and translator, member of the Polish "New Wave" Movement.

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S. Debono

S.

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Saeculum

A saeculum is a length of time roughly equal to the potential lifetime of a person or the equivalent of the complete renewal of a human population.

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Safdar Ali

Safdar Ali, (सफ़दर अली, صفدر علی) (1830-1899) a convert from Islam to Christianity, was born in the native state of Dholpur, and was the son of an orthodox Syed gentleman.

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Said Gafurov

Gafurov (Gafourov), Said Zakirovich (born 1967) is a Russian economist, sociologist, orientalist, politician, bureaucrat and opera critic.

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Salah Jahin

Muhammad Salah Eldin Bahgat Ahmad Helmy (محمد صلاح الدين بهجت أحمد حلمي), known as "Salah Jaheen" or "Salah Jahin" (صلاح جاهين,; December 25, 1930 – April 21, 1986) was a leading Egyptian poet, lyricist, playwright and cartoonist.

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Sally Haslanger

Sally Haslanger is the Ford Professor of Philosophy in the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and holds the 2015 Spinoza Chair of Philosophy at the University of Amsterdam.

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Salomon Maimon

Salomon Maimon (שלמה מימון‎; 1753 – 22 November 1800) was a German-speaking philosopher, born of Jewish parentage in present-day Belarus.

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Salvino Azzopardi

Salvino Azzopardi (21 June 1931 – 6 August 2006), was a Maltese Jesuit priest, philosopher at Jnana-Deepa Vidyapeeth in Pune, India.

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Samavedam Shanmukha Sarma

Brahmasri Samavedam Shanmukha Sarma (born 26 June 1967) is a popular person on television in India, and well appreciated for his commentary/discourses on Rudra Namakam, Vishnu Sahasranamam, Sivanandalahari, Soundarya Lahari, Lalitha Sahasranamam, Siva Tatvam, Ganapathi Tatwam, Sri Krishna Tatwam, Ramayanam, Bhagavatam, the Bhagavad Gita, Mahabharatham, Dakshinamurti Tattvam, Sutha Samhitha, Aditya Hrdayam and the kritis of different Vaggeyakaras.

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Samkhya

Samkhya or Sankhya (सांख्य, IAST) is one of the six āstika schools of Hindu philosophy.

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Samuel Alexander

Samuel Alexander OM, FBA (6 January 185913 September 1938) was an Australian-born British philosopher.

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Samuel de Sorbiere

Samuel (de) Sorbière (1615–1670) was a French physician and man of letters, a philosopher and translator, who is best known for his promotion of the works of Thomas Hobbes and Pierre Gassendi, in whose view of physics he placed his support, though unable to refute René Descartes, but who developed a reputation in his own day for a truculent and disputatious nature.

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Samuel Merrill Woodbridge

The Reverend Samuel Merrill Woodbridge, D.D., LL.D. (April 5, 1819 – June 23, 1905) was an American clergyman, theologian, author, and college professor.

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Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (21 October 177225 July 1834) was an English poet, literary critic, philosopher and theologian who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poets.

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San Juan Romero

"San Juan Romero" is a short story by the Brazilian writer Rita Maria Felix da Silva.

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Sarah Broadie

Sarah Broadie, formerly known as Sarah Waterlow, is currently Professor of Moral Philosophy and Wardlaw Professor at the University of St Andrews.

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Sarasvati River

Sarasvati River (Sanskrit: सरस्वती नदी, IAST: sárasvatī nadī) is one of the Rigvedic rivers mentioned in the Rig Veda and later Vedic and post-Vedic texts.

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Saul Kripke

Saul Aaron Kripke (born November 13, 1940) is an American philosopher and logician.

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Saviour Cumbo

Saviour Cumbo (1810–1877) was a Maltese theologian and minor philosopher.

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Saviour Montebello

Saviour Montebello (1762–1809) was a Maltese Doctor of Theology, a Professor of Philosophy at the University of Malta, and a Parish Priest of Bormla.

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Søren Gosvig Olesen

Søren Gosvig Olesen (born 1956) is an associate professor in philosophy at the University of Copenhagen and has written extensively in the tradition of continental philosophy as well as translating a number of philosophers central to this tradition: Martin Heidegger, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben.

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Søren Kierkegaard

Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a Danish philosopher, theologian, poet, social critic and religious author who is widely considered to be the first existentialist philosopher.

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Scandinavia

Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural and linguistic ties.

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Science

R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.

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Scientific politics

Scientific politics was a late 19th-century political theory based on the positivist philosophy of Auguste Comte.

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Scientific realism

Scientific realism is the view that the universe described by science is real regardless of how it may be interpreted.

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Scientology

Scientology is a body of religious beliefs and practices launched in May 1952 by American author L. Ron Hubbard (1911–86).

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Scotistic realism

Scotist realism, sometimes called Scotist formalism, is the Scotist position on the problem of universals.

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Scotland in the early modern period

Scotland in the early modern period refers, for the purposes of this article, to Scotland between the death of James IV in 1513 and the end of the Jacobite risings in the mid-eighteenth century.

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Scott Sehon

Scott Robert Sehon (born 1963) is an American philosopher and a professor of philosophy at Bowdoin College.

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Scottish common sense realism

Scottish Common Sense Realism, also known as the Scottish School of Common Sense, is a school of philosophy that originated in the ideas of Scottish philosophers Thomas Reid, Adam Ferguson, James Beattie, and Dugald Stewart during the 18th century Scottish Enlightenment.

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Scottish Reformation

The Scottish Reformation was the process by which Scotland broke with the Papacy and developed a predominantly Calvinist national Kirk (church), which was strongly Presbyterian in outlook.

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Sea of Dust (film)

Sea of Dust is a 2008 horror-fantasy film directed by Scott Bunt and starring Tom Savini and Ingrid Pitt.

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Sean Raspet

Sean Raspet (born 1981) is an artist based in Brooklyn.

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Sebald Justinus Brugmans

Sebald Justinus Brugmans (24 March 1763, Franeker – 22 July 1819, Leiden) was a Dutch botanist and physician.

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Secular humanism

Secular humanism is a philosophy or life stance that embraces human reason, ethics, and philosophical naturalism while specifically rejecting religious dogma, supernaturalism, pseudoscience, and superstition as the basis of morality and decision making.

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Secularism

Secularism is the principle of the separation of government institutions and persons mandated to represent the state from religious institution and religious dignitaries (the attainment of such is termed secularity).

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Sedona, Arizona

Sedona is a city that straddles the county line between Coconino and Yavapai counties in the northern Verde Valley region of the U.S. state of Arizona.

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Self-Portrait (Dürer, Madrid)

Self-portrait (or Self-portrait at 26) is the second of Albrecht Dürer's three painted self-portraits.

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Self-reference

Self-reference occurs in natural or formal languages when a sentence, idea or formula refers to itself.

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Serge Raynaud de la Ferriere

Serge Raynaud de la Ferrière (18 January 1916 – 27 December 1962) was a French Initiatic philosopher.

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Sergey Kurginyan

Sergei Ervandovich Kurginyan (Сергей Ервандович Кургинян) is a Russian scientist, better known as a theatre producer and a politician.

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Serpentine Fire

"Serpentine Fire" is a song by Earth, Wind & Fire which was ranked by Billboard magazine as the #1 R&B single for the year 1978.

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Sex, Ecology, Spirituality

Sex, Ecology, Spirituality: The Spirit of Evolution is integral philosopher Ken Wilber's 1995 magnum opus.

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Sexual polarity

Sexual polarity is a concept of dualism between masculine and feminine.

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Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

Sgt.

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Shams C. Inati

Shams C. Inati is a professor in the Department of Theology and Religious Studies, the Center for Arab and Islamic Studies, and the Department of Philosophy at Villanova University.

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Shardik

Shardik is a 1974 fantasy novel by Richard Adams.

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Shen Kuo

Shen Kuo (1031–1095), courtesy name Cunzhong (存中) and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (夢溪翁),Yao (2003), 544.

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Ship of Theseus

In the metaphysics of Identity, the ship of Theseus (or Theseus's paradox) is a thought experiment that raises the question of whether a ship—standing for an object in general—that has had all of its components replaced remains fundamentally the same object.

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Shirley MacLaine

Shirley MacLaine (née Beaty; born April 24, 1934) is an American film, television and theater actress, singer, dancer, activist and author.

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Shmuel Trigano

Shmuel Trigano (שמואל טריגנו; born in 1948 in Blida, French Algeria) is a sociologist, philosopher, professor emeritus of sociology at Paris Nanterre University (Chair "Sociology of knowledge, religion and politics"). He was Tikvah Fund Visiting Professor in Jewish Law and Thought at Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, New York (2009), and Templeton Fellow at the Herzl Institute (Jerusalem) program "Philosophy of the Tanakh, Midrash and Talmud" (2012-2013), (2015-2017).

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Sijo

Sijo is a Korean traditional poetic form that emerged in the Goryeo period, flourished during the Joseon Dynasty, and is still written today.

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Sikhism

Sikhism (ਸਿੱਖੀ), or Sikhi,, from Sikh, meaning a "disciple", or a "learner"), is a monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent about the end of the 15th century. It is one of the youngest of the major world religions, and the fifth-largest. The fundamental beliefs of Sikhism, articulated in the sacred scripture Guru Granth Sahib, include faith and meditation on the name of the one creator, divine unity and equality of all humankind, engaging in selfless service, striving for social justice for the benefit and prosperity of all, and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder's life. In the early 21st century there were nearly 25 million Sikhs worldwide, the great majority of them (20 million) living in Punjab, the Sikh homeland in northwest India, and about 2 million living in neighboring Indian states, formerly part of the Punjab. Sikhism is based on the spiritual teachings of Guru Nanak, the first Guru (1469–1539), and the nine Sikh gurus that succeeded him. The Tenth Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, named the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib as his successor, terminating the line of human Gurus and making the scripture the eternal, religious spiritual guide for Sikhs.Louis Fenech and WH McLeod (2014),, 3rd Edition, Rowman & Littlefield,, pages 17, 84-85William James (2011), God's Plenty: Religious Diversity in Kingston, McGill Queens University Press,, pages 241–242 Sikhism rejects claims that any particular religious tradition has a monopoly on Absolute Truth. The Sikh scripture opens with Ik Onkar (ੴ), its Mul Mantar and fundamental prayer about One Supreme Being (God). Sikhism emphasizes simran (meditation on the words of the Guru Granth Sahib), that can be expressed musically through kirtan or internally through Nam Japo (repeat God's name) as a means to feel God's presence. It teaches followers to transform the "Five Thieves" (lust, rage, greed, attachment, and ego). Hand in hand, secular life is considered to be intertwined with the spiritual life., page.

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Silver cord

The silver cord in metaphysical studies and literature, also known as the sutratma or life thread of the antahkarana, refers to a life-giving linkage from the higher self (atma) down to the physical body.

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Simon Critchley

Simon Critchley (born 27 February 1960) is an English philosopher and Hans Jonas Professor of Philosophy at the New School for Social Research in New York City.

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Simon Gales

Simon Gales is a contemporary British artist and painter of limited output who destroys much of his work.

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Simone Weil

Simone Weil (3 February 1909 – 24 August 1943) was a French philosopher, mystic, and political activist. The mathematician Andre Weil was her brother. After her graduation from formal education, Weil became a teacher. She taught intermittently throughout the 1930s, taking several breaks due to poor health and to devote herself to political activism, work that would see her assisting in the trade union movement, taking the side of the Anarchists known as the Durruti Column in the Spanish Civil War, and spending more than a year working as a labourer, mostly in auto factories, so she could better understand the working class. Taking a path that was unusual among twentieth-century left-leaning intellectuals, she became more religious and inclined towards mysticism as her life progressed. Weil wrote throughout her life, though most of her writings did not attract much attention until after her death. In the 1950s and 1960s, her work became famous in continental Europe and throughout the English-speaking world. Her thought has continued to be the subject of extensive scholarship across a wide range of fields. A meta study from the University of Calgary found that between 1995 and 2012 over 2,500 new scholarly works had been published about her. Albert Camus described her as "the only great spirit of our times".

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Simulated reality

Simulated reality is the hypothesis that reality could be simulated—for example by quantum computer simulation—to a degree indistinguishable from "true" reality.

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Simulation hypothesis

The simulation hypothesis proposes that all of reality, including the earth and the universe, is in fact an artificial simulation, most likely a computer simulation.

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Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet

Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet FRSE DD FSAS (8 March 1788 – 6 May 1856) was a Scottish metaphysician.

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Sirona Knight

Sirona Knight is an author, researcher and teacher in the fields of magic, Wicca, metaphysics and the occult.

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Site-specific architecture

Site-specific architecture (SSA) is architecture which is of its time and of its place.

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Sivananda Saraswati

Sivananda Saraswati (or Swami Sivananda) (8 September 1887 – 14 July 1963) was a Hindu spiritual teacher and a proponent of Yoga and Vedanta.

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Sivaya Subramuniyaswami

Sivaya Subramuniyaswami (January 5, 1927 – November 12, 2001), also known as Gurudeva by his followers, was born in Oakland, California and adopted Shaivism as a young man.

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Slayer (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

A Slayer, in the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel (both created by Joss Whedon), is a young female bestowed with mystical powers that originate from the essence of a pure-demon, which gives her superhuman senses, strength, agility, resilience and speed in the fight against forces of darkness.

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Social

Living organisms including humans are social when they live collectively in interacting populations, whether they are aware of it, and whether the interaction is voluntary or involuntary.

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Social alienation

Social alienation is "a condition in social relationships reflected by a low degree of integration or common values and a high degree of distance or isolation between individuals, or between an individual and a group of people in a community or work environment".

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Social credit

Social credit is an interdisciplinary distributive philosophy developed by C. H. Douglas (1879–1952), a British engineer who published a book by that name in 1924.

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Social democracy

Social democracy is a political, social and economic ideology that supports economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal democratic polity and capitalist economy.

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Social justice

Social justice is a concept of fair and just relations between the individual and society.

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Social science

Social science is a major category of academic disciplines, concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society.

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Society of the Song dynasty

Chinese society during the Song dynasty (960–1279) was marked by political and legal reforms, a philosophical revival of Confucianism, and the development of cities beyond administrative purposes into centers of trade, industry, and maritime commerce.

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Sociocultural evolution

Sociocultural evolution, sociocultural evolutionism or cultural evolution are theories of cultural and social evolution that describe how cultures and societies change over time.

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Sociology

Sociology is the scientific study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture.

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Solipsism

Solipsism is the philosophical idea that only one's own mind is sure to exist.

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Song dynasty

The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.

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Source (comics)

The Source is a metaphysical concept created by writer/artist Jack Kirby for his Fourth World series of comic books.

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South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today

South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today is the first non-fiction book in Blackwell Publishing Company’s Philosophy & Pop Culture series and is edited by philosopher and ontologist, Robert Arp, at the time assistant professor of philosophy at Southwest Minnesota State University.

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Space

Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction.

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Space Odyssey

The Space Odyssey series is a series of science fiction novels by the writer Arthur C. Clarke.

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Space: 1999

Space: 1999 is a British-Italian science-fiction television programme that ran for two seasons and originally aired from 1975 to 1977.

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Spaceballs

Spaceballs is a 1987 American comic science fiction film co-written, produced and directed by Mel Brooks.

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Species (metaphysics)

Species, in metaphysics, is a specific genus-differentia defined item that is described first by its genus (genos) and then its differentia (diaphora).

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Speusippus

Speusippus (Σπεύσιππος; c. 408 – 339/8 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher.

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Sphinx (Marvel Comics)

The Sphinx is the name of two fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

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Spinozism

Spinozism (also spelled Spinoza-ism or Spinozaism) is the monist philosophical system of Baruch Spinoza which defines "God" as a singular self-subsistent substance, with both matter and thought being attributes of such.

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Spirit

A spirit is a supernatural being, often but not exclusively a non-physical entity; such as a ghost, fairy, or angel.

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Spiritual development

Spiritual development is the development of the personality towards a religious or spiritual desired better personality.

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Spiritualism (beliefs)

Spiritualism is a metaphysical belief that the world is made up of at least two fundamental substances, matter and spirit.

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Spring Byington

Spring Dell Byington (October 17, 1886 – September 7, 1971) was an American actress.

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Sri Aurobindo

Sri Aurobindo (born Aurobindo Ghose; 15 August 1872 – 5 December 1950) was an Indian philosopher, yogi, guru, poet, and nationalist.

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St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe)

St.

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Stanisław Leśniewski

Stanisław Leśniewski (March 30, 1886 – May 13, 1939) was a Polish mathematician, philosopher and logician.

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Stanisław Ziemiański (Jesuit)

Stanislaw Ziemiański (born 1931) is a Jesuit philosopher and theologian, and a composer of numerous religious songs and hymns.

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Stanislas de Guaita

Stanislas De Guaita (6 April 1861, Tarquimpol, Moselle – 19 December 1897, Tarquimpol) was a French poet based in Paris, an expert on esotericism and European mysticism, and an active member of the Rosicrucian Order.

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Stanislav Vinaver

Stanislav Vinaver (Станислав Винавер; 1 March 1891 – 1 August 1955) was a Serbian writer, poet, translator and journalist.

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Stanley Jungleib

Stanley Jungleib (born Stanley Young, May 15, 1953) is an American musician, philosopher, author, inventor, and entrepreneur.

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Starwood Festival

The Starwood Festival is a seven-day Neo-Pagan, New Age, multi-cultural and world music festival, taking place every July in the United States of America.

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Stascha Rohmer

Stascha Rohmer (born June 29 June 1966 in Trier, Germany) is a German Philosopher.

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Stathis Psillos

Stathis Psillos (Στάθης Ψύλλος; born 22 June 1965) is a Greek philosopher of science.

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Steeple Langford

Steeple Langford is a village and civil parish on the River Wylye in the English county of Wiltshire, northwest of Wilton.

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Stefan Oster

Stefan Oster (born 3 June 1965) is a German bishop of the Roman Catholic Church who serves as the 85th Bishop of Passau.

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Stefano Pace

Stefano (or Stephen) Pace (1695–1735) was a minor Maltese mediaeval philosopher who specialised mainly in physics.

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Stephan Körner

Stephan Körner, FBA (26 September 1913 – 17 August 2000) was a British philosopher, who specialised in the work of Kant, the study of concepts, and in the philosophy of mathematics.

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Stephen David Ross

Stephen David Ross (born 1935) is an American philosopher, currently Distinguished Research Professor of Philosophy, Interpretation, and Culture and of Comparative Literature at Binghamton University.

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Stephen Mumford

Stephen Dean Mumford (born 31 July 1965) is a British philosopher, who is currently Professor of Metaphysics in the Department of Philosophy at Durham University.

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Stephen Neale

Stephen Roy Albert Neale (born 9 January 1958) is a British Analytic philosopher and specialist in the philosophy of language who has written extensively about meaning, information, interpretation, and communication, and more generally about issues at the intersection of philosophy and linguistics.

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Stephen Yablo

Stephen Yablo is David W. Skinner Professor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and taught previously at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

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Steven Forrest (astrologer)

Steven Forrest (born January 6, 1949) is an American astrologer, author and lecturer.

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Steven Kuhn

Steven Kuhn is a philosophy professor at Georgetown University.

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Steven Soderbergh

Steven Andrew Soderbergh (born January 14, 1963) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer.

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Stoic physics

Stoic physics is the natural philosophy adopted by the Stoic philosophers of ancient Greece and Rome used to explain the natural processes at work in the universe.

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Subala Upanishad

The Subala Upanishad (सुबाल उपनिषत्, IAST: Subāla Upaniṣad), also called Subalopanishad (सुबालोपनिषत्), is a Upanishad written in Sanskrit.

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Subject (philosophy)

A subject is a being who has a unique consciousness and/or unique personal experiences, or an entity that has a relationship with another entity that exists outside itself (called an "object").

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Substance theory

Substance theory, or substance attribute theory, is an ontological theory about objecthood, positing that a substance is distinct from its properties.

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Sufi philosophy

Sufi philosophy includes the schools of thought unique to Sufism, a mystical branch within Islam, also termed as Tasawwuf or Faqr according to its adherents.

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Sunday Times Golden Globe Race

The Sunday Times Golden Globe Race was a non-stop, single-handed, round-the-world yacht race, held in 1968–1969, and was the first round-the-world yacht race.

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Supernatural

The supernatural (Medieval Latin: supernātūrālis: supra "above" + naturalis "natural", first used: 1520–1530 AD) is that which exists (or is claimed to exist), yet cannot be explained by laws of nature.

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Surendra Sheodas Barlingay

Surendra Shivdas Barlingay (20 July 1919 – 19 December 1997) Nagpur, India) was an Indian logician and Marathi writer. He earned his PhD in philosophy at Nagpur University, taught at University of Pune and Zagreb University, and was chair of the philosophy department at Delhi University. Barlingay was chair of the State Board of Literature and Culture for the government of the Indian state of Maharashtra from 1980–88. Barlingay was incarcerated during India's independence movement. Barlingay introduced the concept of geni-analysis in philosophy.

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Surrealism

Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for its visual artworks and writings.

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Susan Derges

Susan Derges (born 1955) is an English photographic artist, specialising in cameraless photographic processes, most often working with natural landscapes.

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Susan Haack

Susan Haack (born 1945) is Distinguished Professor in the Humanities, Cooper Senior Scholar in Arts and Sciences, Professor of Philosophy, and Professor of Law at the University of Miami.

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Susan Schneider

Susan Schneider is an American philosopher.

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Susan Sto Helit

Susan Sto Helit (also spelled Sto-Helit), once referred to as Susan Death, is a fictional character in Terry Pratchett's Discworld series of fantasy novels.

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Swaminarayan

Swaminarayan (IAST:, 3 April 1781 – 1 June 1830), also known as Sahajanand Swami, was a yogi, and an ascetic whose life and teachings brought a revival of central Hindu practices of dharma, ahimsa and brahmacharya.

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Swedish literature

Swedish literature refers to literature written in the Swedish language or by writers from Sweden.

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Swedish Modernist poetry

Swedish modernist poetry denotes modernist poetry of Swedish literature.

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Sydney Shoemaker

Sydney Shoemaker (born 1931) is an American philosopher.

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Syed Ahmad Khan

Syed Ahmad Taqvi bin Syed Muhammad Muttaqi KCSI (سید احمد خان.; 17 October 1817 – 27 March 1898), commonly known as Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, was an Indian Muslim pragmatist, Islamic reformist, philosopher of nineteenth century British India and the first who named the term "Two Nation theory" to the theory of separate nation of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Born into a family with strong ties with Mughal court, Syed studied the Quran and sciences within the court. He was awarded honorary LLD from the University of Edinburgh. In 1838, Syed Ahmad entered the service of East India Company and went on to become a judge at a Small Causes Court in 1867, and retired from service in 1876. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, he remained, loyal to the British Empire and was noted for his actions in saving European lives.Glasse, Cyril, The New Encyclopedia of Islam, Altamira Press, (2001) After the rebellion, he penned the booklet ''The Causes of the Indian Mutiny'' – a daring critique, at the time, of British policies that he blamed for causing the revolt. Believing that the future of Muslims was threatened by the rigidity of their orthodox outlook, Sir Syed began promoting Western–style scientific education by founding modern schools and journals and organising Muslim entrepreneurs. In 1859, Syed established Gulshan School at Muradabad, Victoria School at Ghazipur in 1863, and a scientific society for Muslims in 1864. In 1875, founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, the first Muslim university in South Asia. During his career, Syed repeatedly called upon Muslims to loyally serve the British Empire and promoted the adoption of Urdu as the lingua franca of all Indian Muslims. Syed heavily critiqued the Indian National Congress. Syed maintains a strong legacy in Pakistan and Indian Muslims. He strongly influenced other Muslim leaders including Allama Iqbal and Jinnah. His advocacy of Islam's rationalist (Muʿtazila) tradition, and at broader, radical reinterpretation of the Quran to make it compatible with science and modernity, continues to influence the global Islamic reformation. Many universities and public buildings in Pakistan bear Sir Syed's name. Aligarh Muslim University celebrated his 200th birth centenary with much enthusiasm on 17 October 2017. Former President of India shri Pranab Mukherjee was the chief guest.

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Syed Ali Abbas Jalalpuri

Prof.

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Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas

Syed Muhammad al Naquib bin Ali al-Attas (سيد محمد نقيب العطاس; born 5 September 1931) is a Malaysian Muslim philosopher.

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Sylvester Medal

The Sylvester Medal is a bronze medal awarded by the Royal Society (London) for the encouragement of mathematical research, and accompanied by a £1,000 prize.

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Symbolist movement in Romania

The Symbolist movement in Romania, active during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, marked the development of Romanian culture in both literature and visual arts.

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Systemics

__notoc__ In the context of systems science and systems philosophy, systemics is an initiative to study systems from a holistic point of view.

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T. Peter Park

T.

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Taha Abdurrahman

Taha Abderrahmane, or Abdurrahman in a more transliterated form (born 1944) is a Moroccan philosopher, and one of the leading philosophers and thinkers in the Arab-Islamic world.

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Taijitu

A taijitu (w) is a symbol or diagram (图 tú) in Chinese philosophy representing Taiji (太极 tàijí "great pole" or "supreme ultimate") representing both its monist (wuji) and its dualist (yin and yang) aspects.

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Tajul muluk

Ilmu Tajul is the most commonly used name for the Malay system of geomancy, comprising metaphysical and geomantic principles considered when siting or designing buildings to improve and maintain well-being.

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Tamar Gendler

Tamar Szabó Gendler (born December 20, 1965) is the Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Yale as well as the Vincent J. Scully Professor of Philosophy and a Professor of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences at Yale University.

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Tanaka Chikao

was a Japanese playwright and dramatist whose plays focused on the mental, physical, and religious hardships of post-World War II Japan.

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Tantra

Tantra (Sanskrit: तन्त्र, literally "loom, weave, system") denotes the esoteric traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism that co-developed most likely about the middle of 1st millennium CE.

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Tanya

The Tanya is an early work of Hasidic philosophy, by Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi, the founder of Chabad Hasidism, first published in 1797.

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Tao Kwok Cheung

Dr.

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Taraneh Javanbakht

Taraneh Javanbakht (ترانه جوانبخت) (born May 12, 1974 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian-Canadian scientist, philosopher, artist, writer, poet, translator, literary critic, peer-reviewer, editor and human rights activist.

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Taylan Susam

Taylan Susam (born November 18, 1986) is a Turkish-Dutch composer of experimental music.

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Türkan Örs Baştuğ

Türkan Örs Baştuğ (1900 – September 27, 1975) was a Turkish female school teacher, politician and one of the first 18 members of the Turkish parliament.

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Teachings of Falun Gong

Li Hongzhi introduced the Teachings of Falun Gong to the public in Changchun, China in 1992.

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Teachings of the Báb

The teachings of the Báb refer to the teachings of Siyyid `Alí Muḥammad who was the founder of Bábism, and one of three central figures of the Bahá'í Faith.

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Telos

A telos (from the Greek τέλος for "end", "purpose", or "goal") is an end or purpose, in a fairly constrained sense used by philosophers such as Aristotle.

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Temple

A temple (from the Latin word templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice.

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Temporal parts

In contemporary metaphysics, temporal parts are the parts of an object that exist in time.

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Terence McKenna

Terence Kemp McKenna (November 16, 1946 – April 3, 2000) was an American ethnobotanist, mystic, psychonaut, lecturer, author, and an advocate for the responsible use of naturally occurring psychedelic plants.

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Term logic

In philosophy, term logic, also known as traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic, is a loose name for an approach to logic that began with Aristotle and that was dominant until the advent of modern predicate logic in the late nineteenth century.

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Tetractys

The tetractys (τετρακτύς), or tetrad, or the tetractys of the decad is a triangular figure consisting of ten points arranged in four rows: one, two, three, and four points in each row, which is the geometrical representation of the fourth triangular number.

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Thales of Miletus

Thales of Miletus (Θαλῆς (ὁ Μιλήσιος), Thalēs; 624 – c. 546 BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer from Miletus in Asia Minor (present-day Milet in Turkey).

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Théodore Simon Jouffroy

Théodore Simon Jouffroy (6 July 1796 – 4 February 1842) was a French philosopher.

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The Art of Seeing

The Art of Seeing is a 1942 book by Aldous Huxley, which details his experience with and views on the controversial Bates method, which according to Huxley improved his eyesight.

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The Balcony

The Balcony (Le Balcon) is a play by the French dramatist Jean Genet.

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The Black Hole

The Black Hole is a 1979 American space opera film directed by Gary Nelson and produced by Walt Disney Productions.

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The Book of Healing

The Book of Healing (Arabic: کتاب الشفاء Kitāb al-Šifāʾ, Latin: Sufficientia) is a scientific and philosophical encyclopedia written by Abū Alī ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) from ancient Persia, near Bukhara in Greater Khorasan.

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The Bookworm (painting)

The Bookworm (Der Bücherwurm) is an 1857 oil-on-canvas painting by the German painter and poet Carl Spitzweg.

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The Chronicles of Amber

The Chronicles of Amber is a series of fantasy novels by American writer Roger Zelazny.

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The Colours of Life

"The Colours of Life'" is a composition written and recorded in 2011 by Canadian electronic musician Michael Silver, known by his stage name as CFCF.

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The Decline of the West

The Decline of the West (Der Untergang des Abendlandes), or The Downfall of the Occident, is a two-volume work by Oswald Spengler, the first volume of which was published in the summer of 1918.

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The Development of Metaphysics in Persia

The Development of Metaphysics in Persia is the book form of Muhammad Iqbal's PhD thesis in philosophy at the University of Munich submitted in 1908 and published in the same year.

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The Doctrine of Philosophical Necessity Illustrated

The Doctrine of Philosophical Necessity (1777) is one of the major metaphysical works of 18th-century British polymath Joseph Priestley.

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The Driver's Seat (novel)

The Driver's Seat is a novella by Muriel Spark.

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The Force

The Force is a metaphysical and ubiquitous power in the Star Wars fictional universe.

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The Forever War (comics)

The Forever War is a 1988 Belgian science fiction graphic novel trilogy drawn by Marvano and closely based on the award-winning The Forever War novel by Joe Haldeman, who has noted that he "supplied all of the dialogue and scripted like a movie".

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The Freedom Paradox

The Freedom Paradox: Towards a Post-Secular Ethics (Allen & Unwin, 274pp) is a 2008 book by Professor Clive Hamilton.

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The Game of Life (book)

The Game of Life and How to Play It, published in 1925, teaches the philosophies of its author, Florence Scovel Shinn.

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The Gas Heart

The Gas Heart or The Gas-Operated HeartJohanna Drucker, The Visible Word: Experimental Typography and Modern Art, 1909–1923, University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London, 1994, p.223.

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The Grand Design (book)

The Grand Design is a popular-science book written by physicists Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow and published by Bantam Books in 2010.

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The Heat of the Day

The Heat of the Day is a novel written by Elizabeth Bowen, first published in 1948 in the United Kingdom, and in 1949 in the United States of America.

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The Incal

The Incal (French: L'Incal) is a French graphic novel series written by Alejandro Jodorowsky and originally illustrated by Jean Giraud.

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The Jew of Linz

The Jew of Linz is a 1998 book by Australian writer Kimberley Cornish, in which Cornish alleges that the Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein had a profound effect on Adolf Hitler when they were both pupils at the Realschule (lower secondary school) in Linz, Austria, in the early 1900s.

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The Life of Reason

The Life of Reason: The Phases of Human Progress is a book published in five volumes from 1905 to 1906, by Spanish-born American philosopher George Santayana (1863–1952).

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The Man Who Was Thursday

The Man Who Was Thursday: A Nightmare is a novel by G. K. Chesterton, first published in 1908.

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The Marble Index

The Marble Index is the second solo album and third studio album by German musician Nico, which was released in November 1968 on Elektra Records.

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The Marriage of Sense and Soul

The Marriage of Sense and Soul: Integrating Science and Religion is a 1998 book by American author Ken Wilber.

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The Matheson Trust

The Matheson Trust is an educational charity based in London dedicated to further and disseminate the study of comparative religion, especially from the point of view of the underlying harmony of the major religious and philosophical traditions of the world.

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The Metaphysical Club

The Metaphysical Club was a conversational philosophical club that the future Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., the philosopher and psychologist William James, and the philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce formed in January 1872 in Cambridge, Massachusetts and dissolved in December 1872.

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The Mind of God

The Mind of God is a 1992 non-fiction book by Paul Davies.

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The Moral Philosopher and the Moral Life

"The Moral Philosopher and the Moral Life" was an essay by the philosopher William James, which he first delivered as a lecture to the Yale Philosophical Club, in 1891.

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The Mother (Brecht play)

The Mother is a play by the German modernist playwright Bertolt Brecht.

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The Multiple States of Being

The Multiple States of Being is a book by the French metaphysician René Guénon.

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The New Wittgenstein

The New Wittgenstein (2000) is a book containing a family of interpretations of the work of philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein.

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The Numskulls

The Numskulls is a comic strip in The Beano, and previously in The Beezer and The Dandy – UK comics owned by D.C Thomson.

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The Open Boat

"The Open Boat" is a short story by American author Stephen Crane (1871–1900).

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The Perennial Philosophy

The Perennial Philosophy is a comparative study of mysticism by the British writer and novelist Aldous Huxley.

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The Phenomenology of Spirit

The Phenomenology of Spirit (Phänomenologie des Geistes) (1807) is Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's most widely discussed philosophical work.

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The Philosophic Thought of Ayn Rand

The Philosophic Thought of Ayn Rand is a 1984 collection of essays on Ayn Rand's philosophy of Objectivism, edited by Douglas Den Uyl and Douglas B. Rasmussen.

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The Philosophical Library

The Philosophical Library (Philosophical and Religious Free Library) is a non-profit organization run entirely by volunteers and founded in 1963.

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The Power of the Land

The Power of the Land (translit) is a collection of sketches by Gleb Uspensky, first published in Otechestvennye zapiski, Nos.

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The Problems of Philosophy

The Problems of Philosophy is a 1912 book by Bertrand Russell, in which Russell attempts to create a brief and accessible guide to the problems of philosophy.

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The Rebel (book)

The Rebel (L'Homme révolté) is a 1951 book-length essay by Albert Camus, which treats both the metaphysical and the historical development of rebellion and revolution in societies, especially Western Europe.

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The Review of Metaphysics

The Review of Metaphysics is a peer-reviewed academic journal of philosophy.

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The Rosicrucian Cosmo-Conception

The Rosicrucian Cosmo-Conception or Mystic Christianity (also known as Western Wisdom Teachings) is a Rosicrucian text by Max Heindel, first published in 1909.

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The Saviors of God

Ascesis: The Saviors of God (Greek and Latin: Ασκητική. Salvatores dei) is a series of "spiritual exercises" written by Greek author Nikos Kazantzakis.

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The Secret (2006 film)

The Secret is a 2006 film consisting of a series of interviews designed to demonstrate the New Thought claim that everything one wants or needs can be satisfied by believing in an outcome, repeatedly thinking about it, and maintaining positive emotional states to "attract" the desired outcome.

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The Shakespeare Wars

The Shakespeare Wars: Clashing Scholars, Public Fiascos, Palace Coups is a 2006 book by Ron Rosenbaum, a one-time graduate student in the English department at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

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The Skeptic's Dictionary

The Skeptic's Dictionary is a collection of cross-referenced skeptical essays by Robert Todd Carroll, published on his website skepdic.com and in a printed book.

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The Sophia of Jesus Christ

The Sophia of Jesus Christ is one of many Gnostic tractates from the Nag Hammadi codices, discovered in Egypt in 1945.

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The Taming of the Shrew on screen

There have been numerous on screen adaptations of Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew.

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The Theory of Communicative Action

The Theory of Communicative Action (Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns) is a two-volume 1981 book by Jürgen Habermas, in which the author continues his project of finding a way to ground "the social sciences in a theory of language", which had been set out in On the Logic of the Social Sciences (1967).

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The Unexplained (2011 TV series)

The UneXplained is an American paranormal documentary television series that premiered only one episode on April 30, 2011 on Biography Channel.

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The United States of Mind

The United States of Mind is a compilation album by jazz pianist Horace Silver, released on the Blue Note label in 2004 compiling the three separate 'Phases' previously released as That Healin' Feelin' (1970), Total Response (1971) and All (1972).

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The Void (philosophy)

The Void is the philosophical concept of nothingness manifested.

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The Winding Stair and Other Poems

The Winding Stair is a volume of poems by Irish poet W. B. Yeats, published in 1933.

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The Woman on the Beach

The Woman on the Beach is a 1947 film noir directed by Jean Renoir, released by RKO Radio Pictures, and starring Joan Bennett, Robert Ryan and Charles Bickford.

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The World (Descartes)

The World, also called Treatise on the Light (French title: Traité du monde et de la lumière), is a book by René Descartes (1596–1650).

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The World as Will and Representation

The World as Will and Representation (WWR; Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung, WWV) is the central work of the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer.

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The Yogi and the Commissar

The Yogi and the Commissar (1945) is a collection of essays of Arthur Koestler, divided in three parts: Meanderings, Exhortations and Explorations.

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The Zürau Aphorisms

The Zürau Aphorisms (Die Zürauer Aphorismen) are 109 aphorisms of Franz Kafka, written from September 1917 to April 1918 and published by his friend Max Brod in 1931, after his death.

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Themes in Fyodor Dostoevsky's writings

The themes in the writings of Russian writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky, which encompass novels, novellas, short stories, essays, epistolary novels, poetry, spy fiction and suspense, include suicide, poverty, human manipulation and morality.

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Theodor Gangauf

Theodor Gangauf (November 1, 1809 – September 15, 1875) was a German Catholic theologian born in Bergen, Bavaria.

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Theodor Weber

Theodor Hubert Weber (January 28, 1836, Zülpich, Rhine Province - January 12, 1906) was a German theologian and professor of philosophy.

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Theodore Kisiel

Theodore J. Kisiel (born 1930), Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus of philosophy at Northern Illinois University, is a well-known translator of and commentator on the works of Martin Heidegger.

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Theodore Sider

Theodore "Ted" Sider is an American philosopher specializing in metaphysics and philosophy of language.

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Theology

Theology is the critical study of the nature of the divine.

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Theophrastus

Theophrastus (Θεόφραστος Theόphrastos; c. 371 – c. 287 BC), a Greek native of Eresos in Lesbos,Gavin Hardy and Laurence Totelin, Ancient Botany, 2015, p. 8.

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Theophysics

Theophysics is a term used occasionally in philosophy for an approach to cosmology that attempts to reconcile physical cosmology and religious cosmology.

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Theoretical philosophy

The division of philosophy into a practical and a theoretical discipline has its origin in Aristotle's moral philosophy and natural philosophy categories.

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Theoretical psychology

Theoretical psychology is concerned with theoretical and philosophical aspects of psychology.

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Theory of art

At the broadest level, a theory of art aims to shed light on some aspect of the project of defining art or to theorize about the structure of our concept of ‘art’ without providing classical definitions, namely definitions formulated in terms of “necessary and sufficient” conditions.

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Theory of everything

A theory of everything (ToE), final theory, ultimate theory, or master theory is a hypothetical single, all-encompassing, coherent theoretical framework of physics that fully explains and links together all physical aspects of the universe.

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Theory of everything (philosophy)

In philosophy, a theory of everything or ToE is an ultimate, all-encompassing explanation or description of nature or reality.

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Theory of Legal Norms

Theory of Legal Norms (Teoria della Norma Giuridica) is a book, published in 1958, by the italian jurist Norberto Bobbio about one of the ontological elements of foundations of law — the legal norm.

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Theosophical mysticism

Within the system of Theosophy, developed by occultist Helena Blavatsky and others since the second half of the 19th century, Theosophical mysticism draws upon various existing disciplines and mystical models, including Neo-platonism, Gnosticism, Western esotericism, Freemasonry, Hinduism and Buddhism.

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Theosophy and science

Immediately after formation the Theosophical Society in 1875, the founders of modern Theosophy were aimed to show that their ideas can be confirmed by science.

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Theses on the Philosophy of History

Theses on the Philosophy of History (also On the Concept of History, from German: Über den Begriff der Geschichte) is an essay written in early 1940 by German philosopher and critic Walter Benjamin.

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Thomas Aquinas

Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian Dominican friar, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church.

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Thomas Brown (philosopher)

Thomas Brown (9 January 1778 – 2 April 1820) was a Scottish philosopher and poet.

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Thomas Cajetan

Thomas Cajetan (20 February 1469 - 9 August 1534), also known as Gaetanus, commonly Tommaso de Vio or Thomas de Vio, was an Italian philosopher, theologian, cardinal (from 1517 until his death) and the Master of the Order of Preachers 1508-18.

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Thomas Cooper (U.S. politician)

Thomas Cooper (October 22, 1759 – May 11, 1839) was an Anglo-American economist, college president and political philosopher.

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Thomas Hardy

Thomas Hardy (2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928) was an English novelist and poet.

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Thomas Hill Green

Thomas Hill Green (7 April 1836 – 15 March 1882) was an English philosopher, political radical and temperance reformer, and a member of the British idealism movement.

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Thomas Hora

Thomas Hora (January 25, 1914 - October 30, 1995) is considered the founder of the discipline of metapsychiatry, an attempt to integrate principles from metaphysics, spirituality, and psychology.

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Thomas Jefferson and education

Thomas Jefferson's involvement with and support of education is best known through his founding of the University of Virginia, which he established in 1819 as a secular institution after he left the presidency of the United States.

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Thomas Mace

Thomas Mace (1612 or 1613 – c. 1706) was an English lutenist, viol player, singer, composer and musical theorist of the Baroque era.

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Thomas Morton Harper

Thomas Norton Harper (26 September 1821 - 29 August 1893) was an English Jesuit priest, philosopher, theologian and preacher.

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Thomas Pynchon

Thomas Ruggles Pynchon Jr. (born May 8, 1937) is an American novelist.

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Thomas Reid

Thomas Reid DD FRSE (26 April 1710 – 7 October 1796) was a religiously-trained British philosopher, a contemporary of David Hume as well as "Hume's earliest and fiercest critic".

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Thomas Roderick Dew

Thomas Roderick Dew (1802–1846) was an American apologist for slavery through his work as an educator and writer.

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Thomas W. Campbell

Thomas Warren Campbell (December 9, 1944) is a physicist, lecturer, and author of the My Big T.O.E. (Theory of Everything) trilogy, a work that claims to unify general relativity, quantum mechanics, and metaphysics along with the origins of consciousness.

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Thomas Whittaker (metaphysician)

Thomas Whittaker (1856–1935) was an English metaphysician and critic.

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Thomism

Thomism is the philosophical school that arose as a legacy of the work and thought of Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), philosopher, theologian, and Doctor of the Church.

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Thought: A Journal of Philosophy

Thought: A Journal of Philosophy is a twice-annual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell for the Northern Institute of Philosophy.

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Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces

Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living Forces is Immanuel Kant's first published work.

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Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous

Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous, or simply Three Dialogues, is a 1713 book on metaphysics and idealism written by George Berkeley.

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Thus Spoke Zarathustra

Thus Spoke Zarathustra: A Book for All and None (Also sprach Zarathustra: Ein Buch für Alle und Keinen, also translated as Thus Spake Zarathustra) is a comedic philosophical novel by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, composed in four parts between 1883 and 1885 and published between 1883 and 1891.

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Tim Crane

Timothy Martin Crane (born 17 October 1962) is a philosopher who works mostly on the philosophy of mind and metaphysics.

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Tim Maudlin

Tim William Eric Maudlin (born April 23, 1958, Washington, D.C.) is an American philosopher of science who has mainly studied the foundations of physics, metaphysics and logic.

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Time Sandwich

"Time Sandwich" is the thirty-third episode from the fifth season of the American animated television series Adventure Time.

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Timothy Cutler

Timothy Cutler (May 31, 1684 – August 17, 1765) was an American Episcopal clergyman and rector of Yale College.

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Timothy Morton

Timothy Bloxam Morton (born 19 June 1968) is a professor and Rita Shea Guffey Chair in English at Rice University.

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Timothy Williamson

Timothy Williamson, (born 6 August 1955) is a British philosopher whose main research interests are in philosophical logic, philosophy of language, epistemology and metaphysics.

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Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius

"Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius" is a short story by the 20th-century Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges.

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Tom Polger

Tom Polger is a professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Cincinnati in the United States.

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Tom Stoneham

Tom Stoneham is a British philosopher, Professor of Philosophy at the University of York, England.

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TOTSE

TOTSE (commonly mispronounced as "toot-see," "toat-see," or "toats") was a San Francisco Bay Area website and former BBS dedicated to storing text files on a variety of subjects and viewpoints, many of which were unusual or controversial.

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Tractatus Theologico-Politicus

Written by the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza, the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus (TTP) or Theologico-Political Treatise was one of the most controversial texts of the early modern period.

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Traditionalist School

The Traditionalist School is a group of 20th- and 21st-century thinkers concerned with what they consider to be the demise of traditional forms of knowledge, both aesthetic and spiritual, within Western society.

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Transactionalism

Transactionalism is a philosophical approach that addresses the fundamental nature of social exchange or human transaction; that all human exchange is best understood as a set of transactions within a reciprocal and co-constitutive whole.

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Transactionalism: An Historical and Interpretative Study

Transactionalism: An Historical and Interpretative Study, first published in December 2013, written by Trevor J. Phillips (1927–2016) was the initial and most comprehensive account of the origins and evolution of the modern historical, philosophical, psychological, and educational philosophy known as Transactionalism at the time of its publication in 2013.

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Transcendence (philosophy)

In philosophy, transcendence conveys the basic ground concept from the word's literal meaning (from Latin), of climbing or going beyond, albeit with varying connotations in its different historical and cultural stages.

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Transcendence (religion)

In religion, transcendence refers to the aspect of a god's nature and power which is wholly independent of the material universe, beyond all known physical laws.

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Transcendent theosophy

Transcendent theosophy or al-hikmat al-muta’li (حكمت متعالي), the doctrine and philosophy developed by Persian philosopher Mulla Sadra, is one of two main disciplines of Islamic philosophy that is currently live and active.

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Treatise on Law

Treatise on Law is St. Thomas Aquinas' major work of legal philosophy.

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Tripura Rahasya

The Tripura Rahasya (Devanagari: त्रिपुरा रहस्य) meaning The Mystery beyond the Trinity, is an ancient literary work in Sanskrit believed to have been narrated by Dattatreya to Parashurama.

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Trope (philosophy)

The term "trope" is both a term which denotes figurative and metaphorical language and one which has been used in various technical senses.

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Truth

Truth is most often used to mean being in accord with fact or reality, or fidelity to an original or standard.

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Truth claim

A truth claim is a proposition or statement that a particular person or belief system holds to be true.

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Truth-value link

The principle of truth-value links is a concept in metaphysics discussed in debates between philosophical realism and anti-realism.

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Tudor Arghezi

Tudor Arghezi (21 May 1880 – 14 July 1967) was a Romanian writer, best known for his quite unique contribution to poetry and children's literature.

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Turiya

In Hindu philosophy, turiya (Sanskrit: तुरीय, meaning "the fourth") or caturiya, chaturtha, is pure consciousness.

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Turning the other cheek

Turning the other cheek is a phrase in Christian doctrine that refers to responding to injury without revenge.

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Tuvix

"Tuvix" is the 40th episode (24th in the second season) of the science fiction television program Star Trek: Voyager.

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Two Dogmas of Empiricism

"Two Dogmas of Empiricism" is a paper by analytic philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine published in 1951.

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Two Suns

Two Suns is the second studio album by English recording artist Bat for Lashes, released on 3 April 2009 by The Echo Label and Parlophone.

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Typology (archaeology)

In archaeology a typology is the result of the classification of things according to their physical characteristics.

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Ulrich Steinvorth

Ulrich Steinvorth born 1941, is a German political philosopher.

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Uncanny

The uncanny is the psychological experience of something as strangely familiar, rather than simply mysterious.

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Underdetermination

In the philosophy of science, underdetermination refers to situations where the evidence available is insufficient to identify which belief one should hold about that evidence.

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Unilineal evolution

Unilineal evolution (also referred to as classical social evolution) is a 19th-century social theory about the evolution of societies and cultures.

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Unity in diversity

Unity in diversity is a concept of "unity without uniformity and diversity without fragmentation" that shifts focus from unity based on a mere tolerance of physical, cultural, linguistic, social, religious, political, ideological and/or psychological differences towards a more complex unity based on an understanding that difference enriches human interactions.

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Universal (metaphysics)

In metaphysics, a universal is what particular things have in common, namely characteristics or qualities.

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Universal science

Universal science (Universalwissenschaft; scientia generalis, scientia universalis) is a branch of metaphysics.

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Universality (philosophy)

In philosophy, universality is the idea that universal facts exist and can be progressively discovered, as opposed to relativism.

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University

A university (universitas, "a whole") is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in various academic disciplines.

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University of Göttingen

The University of Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, GAU, known informally as Georgia Augusta) is a public research university in the city of Göttingen, Germany.

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University of Metaphysics

The University of Metaphysics is a distance learning, unaccredited theological school operated by International Metaphysical Ministry.

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Until the Quiet Comes

Until the Quiet Comes is the fourth studio album by American electronic producer Flying Lotus.

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Upper ontology

In information science, an upper ontology (also known as a top-level ontology or foundation ontology) is an ontology (in the sense used in information science) which consists of very general terms (such as "object", "property", "relation") that are common across all domains.

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Urmuz

Urmuz (pen name of Demetru Dem. Demetrescu-Buzău, also known as Hurmuz or Ciriviș, born Dimitrie Dim. Ionescu-Buzeu; March 17, 1883 – November 23, 1923) was a Romanian writer, lawyer and civil servant, who became a cult hero in Romania's avant-garde scene.

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Vagish Shastri

Bhagirath Prasad Tripathi "Vagish Shastri" (also known as B P T Vagish Shastri) is an international Sanskrit grammarian, eminent linguist, Tantric and yogi.

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Vajradhara

Vajradhara (Sanskrit: वज्रधर. Also, the name of Indra, because 'Vajra' means diamond, as well as the thunderbolt, anything hard more generally) Tibetan: རྡོ་རྗེ་འཆང། rdo rje 'chang (Dorje Chang); Chinese: 金剛總持; Javanese: Kabajradharan; Japanese: 執金剛; English: Diamond-holder; Vietnamese: Kim Cang Tổng Trì) is the ultimate primordial Buddha, or Adi Buddha, according to the Gelug and Kagyu schools of Tibetan Buddhism. In the evolution of Indian Buddhism, Buddha Vajradhara gradually displaced Samantabhadra, who is the 'Primordial Buddha' in the Nyingma, or 'Ancient School.' However, the two are metaphysically equivalent. Achieving the 'state of Vajradhara' is synonymous with complete realisation. According to the Kagyu lineage, Buddha Vajradhara is the primordial Buddha, the Dharmakaya Buddha. He is depicted as dark blue in color, expressing the quintessence of buddhahood itself and representing the essence of the historical Buddha's realization of enlightenment. As such, Buddha Vajradhara is thought to be the supreme essence of all (male) Buddhas (his name means "Ruler of the Vajra Beings"); It is the Tantric form of Sakyamuni which is called Vajradhara. Tantras are texts specific to Tantrism and are believed to have been originally taught by the Tantric form of Sakyamuni called Buddha Vajradhara. He is an expression of Buddhahood itself in both single and yabyum form. Buddha Vajradhara is considered to be the prime Buddha of the Father tantras (tib.

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Val Kilmer

Val Edward Kilmer (born December 31, 1959) is an American actor.

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Valentín García Yebra

Valentín García Yebra (Lombillo de Los Barrios, Ponferrada, León, 28 April 1917 – Madrid, 13 December 2010), was a Spanish philologist, translator and translation scholar.

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VALIS

VALIS is a 1981 science fiction novel by American writer Philip K. Dick.

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Valori plastici

Valori plastici (meaning Plastic Values in English) was an Italian magazine published in Rome in Italian and French.

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Vandorn Hinnant

Vandorn Hinnant (born 1953) is a visual artist, poet and educator based in Durham, North Carolina.

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Varanasi

Varanasi, also known as Benares, Banaras (Banāras), or Kashi (Kāśī), is a city on the banks of the Ganges in the Uttar Pradesh state of North India, south-east of the state capital, Lucknow, and east of Allahabad.

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Vasilij Melik

Vasilij Melik (17 January 1921 – 28 January 2009) was a Slovenian historian, who mostly worked on political history of the Slovene Lands in the 19th century.

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Vasily Seseman

Vasily Seseman (several other latinizations of his name exist, Vosylius Sezemanas, Василий Эмильевич Сеземан) (June 11, 1884, Vyborg — March 23, 1963, Vilnius) was a Russian and Lithuanian philosopher, a representative of Marburg school of Neo-Kantianism.

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Vedic science

Vedic science may refer to a number of disciplines: ancient and modern, scientific, metaphysical, proto-scientific, found in or based in the Vedas.

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Vere Claiborne Chappell

Vere Claiborne Chappell (born 22 March 1930 in Rochester, NY) is an American philosopher and scholar specializing in early modern philosophy, history of philosophy, philosophy of mind and action, and metaphysics.

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Verificationism

Verificationism, also known as the verification idea or the verifiability criterion of meaning, is the philosophical doctrine that only statements that are empirically verifiable (i.e. verifiable through the senses) are cognitively meaningful, or else they are truths of logic (tautologies).

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Vertebral subluxation

In chiropractic, a vertebral subluxation is a purported misalignment of the spinal column, not necessarily visible on X-rays, leading to a set of signs and symptoms sometimes termed vertebral subluxation complex.

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Very Short Introductions

Very Short Introductions (VSI) are a book series published by the Oxford University Press (OUP).

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Victor de Laprade

Pierre Martin Victor Richard de Laprade (13 January 1812 – 13 December 1883), known as Victor de Laprade, was a French poet and critic.

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Victor Ovcharenko

Victor Ovcharenko (Ви́ктор Ива́нович Овчаре́нко; February 5, 1943 – May 5, 2009) was a Russian philosopher, sociologist, historian and psychologist.

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Victorino Tejera

Victorino Tejera (Tejera Márquez) is a writer, scholar, and professor of philosophy with specializations in ancient Greek thought, Metaphysics, Aesthetics, and American philosophy (Naturalism, Semiotics).

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Vienna Circle

The Vienna Circle (Wiener Kreis) of Logical Empiricism was a group of philosophers and scientists drawn from the natural and social sciences, logic and mathematics who met regularly from 1924 to 1936 at the University of Vienna, chaired by Moritz Schlick.

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Vietnamese philosophy

Vietnamese philosophy includes both traditional Confucian philosophy, Vietnamese local religious traditions, and later philosophy introducing French, Marxist, Catholic and other influences.

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Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement

Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement have expressed controversial views on a wide variety of topics.

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Vincent Stuart Ltd.

Vincent Stuart Ltd. was a British publishing company that specialized in mystical and metaphysical books.

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Vindensång

Vindensång is an American ambient band with strong ties to the post-rock, experimental rock and heavy metal genres.

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Vintersorg

Vintersorg ("Winter Sorrow" in English) is a Swedish band from Skellefteå, formed in 1994 under the name Vargatron (Wolfthrone in English).

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Visionary fiction

Visionary fiction is a fiction genre with New Age or mind, body, spirit themes and perspectives, including consciousness expansion, spirituality, mysticism, and parapsychology.

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Vitello

Witelo (also Erazmus Ciołek Witelo; Witelon; Vitellio; Vitello; Vitello Thuringopolonis; Vitulon; Erazm Ciołek); born ca.

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Vito Fazio Allmayer

Vito Fazio Allmayer (Palermo, 21 November 1885 – Pisa, 14 April 1958) was an Italian philosopher, pedagogist and university teacher.

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Vladimír Hirsch

Vladimír Hirsch (born July 3, 1954) is a Czech composer, instrumentalist (pianist, organist, keyboard player, vocalist), and sound experimenter, integrating industrial and dark ambient music with modern classical composition with a genre overlap conception.

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Volker Gerhardt

Volker Gerhardt (born July 21, 1944) is a German philosopher.

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Voltaire

François-Marie Arouet (21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), known by his nom de plume Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on Christianity as a whole, especially the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech and separation of church and state.

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Voluntarism (philosophy)

Voluntarism is "any metaphysical or psychological system that assigns to the will (Latin: voluntas) a more predominant role than that attributed to the intellect", or, equivalently, "the doctrine that will is the basic factor, both in the universe and in human conduct".

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W. Coleman Nevils

William Coleman Nevils, S.J. (1878 - 1955) was an American priest of the Society of Jesus.

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W. E. B. Du Bois

William Edward Burghardt "W.

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Waking Life

Waking Life is a 2001 American adult animated docufiction film, directed by Richard Linklater.

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Walter Max Zimmermann

Walter Max Zimmermann (May 9, 1892 – June 30, 1980) was a German botanist and systematist.

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Walter Pater

Walter Horatio Pater (4 August 1839 – 30 July 1894) was an English essayist, literary and art critic, and fiction writer, regarded as one of the great stylists.

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Walter R. Browne

Walter Raleigh Browne (1842 – 4 September 1884) was an English civil engineer and Christian writer.

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Władysław Heinrich

Władysław Heinrich (Warsaw, 1 January 1869 – 30 June 1957, Kraków, Poland) was a Polish historian of philosophy, psychologist, professor at Kraków University and member of the Polish Academy of Learning.

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Wǔ Xíng painting

Wǔ Xíng is a synthesis of traditional painting with its namesake philosophic tradition Wǔ Xíng – or, more specifically, the use of Chinese Xie Yi painting techniques and the metaphysics of the five Wǔ Xíng elements.

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Werner Sombart

Werner Sombart (19 January 1863 – 18 May 1941) was a German economist and sociologist, the head of the “Youngest Historical School” and one of the leading Continental European social scientists during the first quarter of the 20th century.

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Wessel Gansfort

Wessel Harmensz Gansfort (1419 – October 4, 1489) was a theologian and early humanist of the northern Low Countries.

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Western astrology

Western astrology is the system of astrology most popular in Western countries.

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Western canon

The Western canon is the body of Western literature, European classical music, philosophy, and works of art that represents the high culture of Europe and North America: "a certain Western intellectual tradition that goes from, say, Socrates to Wittgenstein in philosophy, and from Homer to James Joyce in literature".

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Western philosophy

Western philosophy is the philosophical thought and work of the Western world.

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What the Bleep Do We Know!?

What the Bleep Do We Know!? (stylized as What tнē #$*! D̄ө ωΣ (k)πow!? and What the #$*! Do We Know!?, with Bleep being a pronounceable placeholder for a grawlix) is a 2004 American film that combines documentary-style interviews, computer-animated graphics, and a narrative that posits a spiritual connection between quantum physics and consciousness.

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Where Mathematics Comes From

Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being (hereinafter WMCF) is a book by George Lakoff, a cognitive linguist, and Rafael E. Núñez, a psychologist.

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Where No One Has Gone Before

"Where No One Has Gone Before" is the sixth episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, originally aired October 26, 1987, in broadcast syndication in the United States.

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Wilhelm Schuppe

Ernst Julius Wilhelm Schuppe (5 May 1836 – 29 March 1913) was a German positivist philosopher, born in Brieg, Silesia.

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Wilhelm Windelband

Wilhelm Windelband (11 May 1848 – 22 October 1915) was a German philosopher of the Baden School.

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Wilhelm Wundt

Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology.

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Will H. Kindig

William Harvey Kindig (February 7, 1869 – September 18, 1946), known as Will H. Kindig or W.H. Kindig, was a candidate for California state controller in 1934, Los Angeles City Council member from 1935 to 1937 and a sponsor of the Ham and Eggs movement for old-age pensions in California in 1939.

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Will to power

The will to power (der Wille zur Macht) is a prominent concept in the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche.

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William Archer Butler

William Archer Butler (c. 1814–1848) was an Irish historian of philosophy.

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William Barnwell

William Barnwell is an American author of science fiction, and of other genres.

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William Berry (artist)

William Augustus Berry (born September 29, 1933, Jacksonville, Texas; died January 3, 2010, Columbia, Missouri)AskART biography of Berry (http://www.askart.com/artist/William_Augustus_Berry/133564/William_Augustus_Berry.aspx), Accessed March 24, 2016.

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William Desmond (philosopher)

William Desmond (born 1951) is an Irish philosopher who has written on ontology, metaphysics, ethics, and religion.

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William Dudley Pelley

William Dudley Pelley (March 12, 1890 – June 30, 1965) was an American writer, spiritualist and fascist political activist.

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William Ernest Hocking

William Ernest Hocking (August 10, 1873, Cleveland, Ohio – June 12, 1966, Madison, New Hampshire) was an American idealist philosopher at Harvard University.

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William F. Vallicella

William F. Vallicella is an American philosopher.

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William G. Gray

William G. Gray (1913–1992), better known to many as Bill Gray, was an English ceremonial magician, Hermetic Qabalist and writer, who published widely on the subject of western esotericism and the occult.

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William George Ward

William George Ward (21 March 1812 – 6 July 1882) was an English theologian and mathematician.

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William Hirstein

William Hirstein is an American philosopher primarily interested in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, metaphysics, cognitive science, and analytic philosophy.

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William James

William James (January 11, 1842 – August 26, 1910) was an American philosopher and psychologist, and the first educator to offer a psychology course in the United States.

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William Kingdon Clifford

William Kingdon Clifford FRS (4 May 1845 – 3 March 1879) was an English mathematician and philosopher.

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William Lindsay Alexander

William Lindsay Alexander FRSE (24 August 1808 – 20 December 1884) was a Scottish church leader.

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William Lycan

William G. Lycan (born September 26, 1945) is an American philosopher and Professor Emeritus at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was formerly the William Rand Kenan, Jr.

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William Magennis

William Magennis (18 May 1867 – 30 March 1946) was an Irish politician and university professor.

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William of Ockham

William of Ockham (also Occam, from Gulielmus Occamus; 1287 – 1347) was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher and theologian, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey.

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William Robert Grove

Sir William Robert Grove, PC, FRS FRSE (11 July 1811 – 1 August 1896) was a Welsh judge and physical scientist.

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William Spalding (writer)

Prof William Spalding (22 May 1809 – 16 November 1859) was a Scottish writer and academic.

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William V. Spanos

William Vaios Spanos (31 Dec 1924 – 29 Dec 2017) was a Heideggerian literary critic.

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Within You Without You

"Within You Without You" is a song written by George Harrison and released on the Beatles' 1967 album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.

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Wolfgang Leidhold

Wolfgang Leidhold (born December 12, 1950 in Dortmund) is a German political scientist, philosopher and artist.

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Wolfgang Paalen

Wolfgang Robert Paalen (July 22, 1905 in Vienna, Austria – September 24, 1959 in Taxco, Mexico) was a German-Austrian-Mexican painter, sculptor and art philosopher.

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Wolfgang Smith

Wolfgang Smith (born 1930) is a mathematician, physicist, philosopher of science, metaphysician, Roman Catholic and member of the Traditionalist School.

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Wolfgang Spohn

Wolfgang Konrad Spohn (born 20 March 1950 in Tübingen) is a German philosopher.

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Wolfgang Stegmüller

Wolfgang Stegmüller (June 3, 1923 – June 11, 1991), was a German-Austrian philosopher with important contributions in philosophy of science and in analytic philosophy.

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Women in philosophy

Women have engaged in philosophy throughout the field's history.

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Women of Trachis

Women of Trachis (Τραχίνιαι, Trachiniai; also translated as The Trachiniae) is an Athenian tragedy by Sophocles.

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Word of Faith

Word of Faith (also known as Word-Faith or simply Faith) is a worldwide Christian movement that teaches that Christians can access the power of faith or fear through speech.

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Works by Francis Bacon

Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban(s), KC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author and pioneer of the scientific method.

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World view

A world view or worldview is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the whole of the individual's or society's knowledge and point of view.

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Writer

A writer is a person who uses written words in various styles and techniques to communicate their ideas.

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Xenocrates

Xenocrates (Ξενοκράτης; c. 396/5314/3 BC) of Chalcedon was a Greek philosopher, mathematician, and leader (scholarch) of the Platonic Academy from 339/8 to 314/3 BC.

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Xenophanes

Xenophanes of Colophon (Ξενοφάνης ὁ Κολοφώνιος; c. 570 – c. 475 BC) was a Greek philosopher, theologian, poet, and social and religious critic.

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Yajnavalkya

Yajnavalkya (याज्ञवल्क्य) was a Hindu Vedic sage.

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Yamazaki Ansai

was a Japanese philosopher and scholar.

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Yellow

Yellow is the color between orange and green on the spectrum of visible light.

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Yeridat ha-dorot

Yeridat ha-dorot (Hebrew: ירידת הדורות), meaning literally "the decline of the generations", or nitkatnu ha-dorot (נתקטנו הדורות), meaning "the diminution of the generations", is a concept in classical Rabbinic Judaism and contemporary Orthodox Judaism expressing a belief of the intellectual inferiority of subsequent, and contemporary Torah scholarship and spirituality in comparison to that of the past.

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Yirmiyahu Yovel

Yirmiyahu Yovel (20th of October, 1935, Haifa - 10 June 2018) was an Israeli philosopher and public intellectual.

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Yogini

Yogini (spelled also jogan), is the feminine Sanskrit word of the masculine yogi, while the term "yogin" is used in neutral, masculine or feminine sense.

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Yoruba literature

Yoruba literature is the spoken and written literature of the Yoruba people, one of the largest ethno-linguistic groups in Nigeria and in the rest of Africa.

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Younger Than Yesterday

Younger Than Yesterday is the fourth album by the American rock band the Byrds and was released on February 6, 1967 on Columbia Records (see 1967 in music).

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Zeno of Elea

Zeno of Elea (Ζήνων ὁ Ἐλεάτης) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher of Magna Graecia and a member of the Eleatic School founded by Parmenides.

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Zeno's paradoxes

Zeno's paradoxes are a set of philosophical problems generally thought to have been devised by Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea (c. 490–430 BC) to support Parmenides' doctrine that contrary to the evidence of one's senses, the belief in plurality and change is mistaken, and in particular that motion is nothing but an illusion.

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Zhang Heng

Zhang Heng (AD 78–139), formerly romanized as Chang Heng, was a Han Chinese polymath from Nanyang who lived during the Han dynasty.

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Ziya Gökalp

Mehmed Ziya Gökalp (23 March 1876 – 25 October 1924) was a Turkish sociologist, writer, poet, and political activist.

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17th-century philosophy

17th century philosophy in the West is generally regarded as seeing the start of modern philosophy, and the shaking off of the medieval approach, especially scholasticism.

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1808

No description.

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1808 in Scotland

Events from the year 1808 in Scotland.

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5th Projekt

5th Projekt are a cinematic rock ensemble from Toronto, Ontario, Canada formed in 2003.

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First philosophy, Identity and change, Immaterial force, Meta-physician, Meta-physicians, Meta-physics, MetaPhysics, Metafizyka klasyczna, Metafísica, Metametaphysics, Metaphisics, Metaphysic, Metaphysical, Metaphysical claim, Metaphysical optimism, Metaphysical philosophy, Metaphysically, Metaphysician, Metaphysicians, Metaphysicist, Metaphysics (philosophy), Metaphysics/Introduction, Metaphysik, Metaphysique, Métaphysique, Practical Metaphysics, SomeMetaphysicalQuestions, System-building metaphysics.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics

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