Communication

679 relations: A Midsummer Night's Dream, Abraham (surname), Afritz am See, Agnes Blannbekin, Ahoy (greeting), Aigen (Salzburg city district), Albrecht von Johansdorf, Albrecht von Scharfenberg, Alemannic German, Allerheiligenstriezel, Alpharts Tod, Alsace, Ambraser Heldenbuch, Andernach, Anna von Munzingen, Annolied, Anstalt, Arbesbach (river), Artaman League, Artviže, Ashkenazi Jews, Attila, Auch (name), Ava (poet), Æ, ß, Český Krumlov, Čušperk, Œ, Šinkov Turn, Žerjavka, Bad Gastein, Bad Kreuznach, Bagel, Barbara Newman, Barlaam and Josaphat, Baselard, Bavarian language, Bärenbach, Bad Kreuznach, Bönnsch dialect, Börde, Bülach fibula, Becherbach bei Kirn, Berchtoldstag, Bern, Bernese German phonology, Bertold of Regensburg, Besançon, Bienstand, Binkelj, ..., Biterolf und Dietleib, Blood is thicker than water, Bolko I the Strict, Borscht, Breitscheid, Mainz-Bingen, Brendan, Brit milah, Britof, Britof, Naklo, Brunhild, Brunner (surname), Bullying, Burgrave, Calenberg, Calenberg Castle, 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Zwing und Bann, 1170s in poetry, 1203 in poetry, 1210 in poetry, 1230 in poetry, 12th century in poetry, 14th century in poetry, 9910 Vogelweide. 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A Midsummer Night's Dream

A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comedy written by William Shakespeare in 1595/96.

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Abraham (surname)

Abraham is a surname.

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Afritz am See

Afritz am See (Zobrce)Snoj, Marko.

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Agnes Blannbekin

Agnes Blannbekin (– March 10, 1315), was an Austrian Beguine and Christian mystic.

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Ahoy (greeting)

Ahoy or Ah Hoy() is a signal word used to call to a ship or boat, stemming from the Middle English cry, 'Hoy!'.

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Aigen (Salzburg city district)

Aigen is a district in the city of Salzburg, Salzburgerland, Austria and is known as one of the most expensive residential areas of the provincial capital.

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Albrecht von Johansdorf

Albrecht von Johansdorf (c. 1180 – c. 1209) was a Minnesänger and a minor noble in the service of Wolfger of Erla.

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Albrecht von Scharfenberg

Albrecht von Scharfenberg (fl. 1270s) was a Middle High German poet, best known as the author of Der jüngere Titurel ("The Younger Titurel") since his two other known works, Seifrid de Ardemont and Merlin, are lost.

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Alemannic German

Alemannic (German) is a group of dialects of the Upper German branch of the Germanic language family.

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Allerheiligenstriezel

Allerheiligenstriezel or simply Strietzel (regional names include Allerseelenzopf, Seelenspitze, Seelenbrot, or Allerseelenbreze) is a braided yeast pastry.

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Alpharts Tod

Alpharts Tod (The Death of Alphart) is an anonymous late medieval Middle High German poem in the poetic cycle of the hero Dietrich von Bern, the legendary counterpart of the historical Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great.

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Alsace

Alsace (Alsatian: ’s Elsass; German: Elsass; Alsatia) is a cultural and historical region in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland.

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Ambraser Heldenbuch

The Ambraser Heldenbuch ("The Ambras Castle Book of Heroes") is a 16th century manuscript written in Early New High German now held in the Austrian National Library (signature Cod. ser. nova 2663).

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Andernach

Andernach is a town in the district of Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, of currently about 30,000 inhabitants.

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Anna von Munzingen

Anna von Munzingen was a German prioress of the 14th century, who descended from a well known noble family at Freiburg.

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Annolied

The Annolied ("Song of Anno") was composed around 1100 in Early Middle High German rhyming couplets by a monk of Siegburg Abbey.

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Anstalt

An Anstalt or Anstalt partnership is a type of incorporated organisation.

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Arbesbach (river)

The Arbesbach, also known as the Erbsenbach and Sieveringerbach, is a stream in the 19th district of Vienna, Döbling.

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Artaman League

The Artaman League (German language: Artamanen-Gesellschaft) was a German agrarian and völkisch movement dedicated to a Blood and soil–inspired ruralism.

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Artviže

Artviže (Artuise) is a small village in the Municipality of Hrpelje-Kozina in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

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Ashkenazi Jews

Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or simply Ashkenazim (אַשְׁכְּנַזִּים, Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation:, singular:, Modern Hebrew:; also), are a Jewish diaspora population who coalesced in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium.

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Attila

Attila (fl. circa 406–453), frequently called Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death in March 453.

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Auch (name)

Auch is a family name which has two possible origins, one originating in southern Germany and the other in France.

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Ava (poet)

The poet Ava (c. 1060 – 7 February 1127), also known as Frau Ava, Ava of Göttweig or Ava of Melk, was the first named female writer in any genre in the German language.

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Æ

Æ (minuscule: æ) is a grapheme named æsc or ash, formed from the letters a and e, originally a ligature representing the Latin diphthong ae.

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ß

In German orthography, the grapheme ß, called Eszett or scharfes S, in English "sharp S", represents the phoneme in Standard German, specifically when following long vowels and diphthongs, while ss is used after short vowels.

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Český Krumlov

Český Krumlov (Krumau or Böhmisch Krumau), is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Čušperk

Čušperk (ZobelsbergLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 113.) is a village in the Municipality of Grosuplje in central Slovenia.

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Œ

Œ (minuscule: œ) is a Latin alphabet grapheme, a ligature of o and e. In medieval and early modern Latin, it was used to represent the Greek diphthong οι and in a few non-Greek words, usages that continue in English and French.

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Šinkov Turn

Šinkov Turn (SchenkenthurnLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 32.) is a village in the Municipality of Vodice in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

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Žerjavka

Žerjavka is a small settlement in the Municipality of Šenčur in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

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Bad Gastein

Bad Gastein (formerly Badgastein) is a spa town in the district of St. Johann im Pongau, in the Austrian state of Salzburg.

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Bad Kreuznach

Bad Kreuznach is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Bagel

A bagel (בײגל; bajgiel), also spelled beigel, is a bread product originating in the Jewish communities of Poland.

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Barbara Newman

Barbara Jane Newman is an American medievalist, literary critic, religious historian, and author.

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Barlaam and Josaphat

Barlaam and Josaphat (Barlamus et Iosaphatus) are two legendary Christian martyrs and saints.

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Baselard

The baselard (also basilard, baslard, in Middle French also badelare, bazelaire and variants, latininzed baselardus, basolardus etc., in Middle High German beseler, baseler, basler, pasler; baslermesser) is a historical type of dagger or short sword of the Late Middle Ages.

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Bavarian language

Bavarian (also known as Bavarian Austrian or Austro-Bavarian; Boarisch or Bairisch; Bairisch; bajor) is a West Germanic language belonging to the Upper German group, spoken in the southeast of the German language area, much of Bavaria, much of Austria and South Tyrol in Italy.

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Bärenbach, Bad Kreuznach

Bärenbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Bönnsch dialect

Bönnsch is a Ripuarian dialect of German, which is spoken in Bonn and the bordering municipalities.

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Börde

A börde (plural: börden) is a region of highly fertile lowland in North Germany, a "fertile plain".

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Bülach fibula

The Bülach fibula is a silver disk-type fibula with almandine inlay found in Bülach, Canton Zürich in 1927.

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Becherbach bei Kirn

Becherbach bei Kirn is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Berchtoldstag

Berchtoldstag (also Bechtelistag, Bächtelistag, Berchtelistag, Bärzelistag, in Liechtenstein Bechtelstag, Bechtle) is an Alemannic holiday, known in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.

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Bern

Bern or Berne (Bern, Bärn, Berne, Berna, Berna) is the de facto capital of Switzerland, referred to by the Swiss as their (e.g. in German) Bundesstadt, or "federal city".

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Bernese German phonology

This article is about the phonology of Bernese German.

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Bertold of Regensburg

Bertold of Regensburg (c. 1220 – 13 December 1272) was a German preacher during the high Middle Ages.

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Besançon

Besançon (French and Arpitan:; archaic Bisanz, Vesontio) is the capital of the department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

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Bienstand

The Bienstand, in several histories and novels called the Bistand, is a low mountain ridge, high, in the Bavarian Forest between the villages of Sankt Oswald-Riedlhütte and Grafenau, immediately south of the clearly higher mountains of the Rachel and Lusen, which lie within the Bavarian Forest National Park.

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Binkelj

Binkelj (WinkelLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 62.) is a settlement in the Municipality of Škofja Loka in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

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Biterolf und Dietleib

Biterolf und Dietleib (Biterolf and Dietlieb) is an anonymous Middle High German heroic poem concerning the heroes Biterolf of Toledo and his son Dietleib of Styria.

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Blood is thicker than water

In modern society, the proverb "blood is thicker than water" is used to imply that family relationships are always more important than friends.

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Bolko I the Strict

Bolko I the Strict also known as the Raw or of Jawor (Bolko I Surowy or Srogi or Jaworski; 1252/56 – 9 November 1301), was a Duke of Lwówek (Löwenberg) during 1278–81 (with his brother as co-ruler) and Jawor (Jauer) since 1278 (with his brother as co-ruler until 1281), sole Duke of Lwówek since 1286, Duke of Świdnica-Ziębice since 1291.

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Borscht

Borscht is a sour soup popular in several Eastern European cuisines, including Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, Lithuanian, Belarusian, Romanian, Ashkenazi Jewish and Armenian cuisines.

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Breitscheid, Mainz-Bingen

Breitscheid is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Brendan

Saint Brendan of Clonfert (AD 484 – 577) (Irish: Naomh Bréanainn or Naomh Breandán; Brendanus; (heilagur) Brandanus), also referred to as "Brendan moccu Altae", called "the Navigator", "the Voyager", "the Anchorite", and "the Bold", is one of the early Irish monastic saints and one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland.

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Brit milah

The brit milah (בְּרִית מִילָה,; Ashkenazi pronunciation:, "covenant of circumcision"; Yiddish pronunciation: bris) is a Jewish religious male circumcision ceremony performed by a mohel ("circumciser") on the eighth day of the infant's life.

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Britof

Britof (FreithofIntelligenzblatt zur Laibacher Zeitung, no. 141. 24 November 1849, p. 6.Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 56.) is a settlement just northeast of the town of Kranj in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

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Britof, Naklo

Britof (in older sources also Britof pri Taboru,Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 54. Freithof bei Tabor) is a former settlement in the Municipality of Naklo in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

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Brunhild

Brunhild, also known as Brunhilda or Brynhild (Old Norse Brynhildr, Middle High German Brünhilt, Modern German Brünhild or Brünhilde) is a powerful female figure from Germanic heroic legend.

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Brunner (surname)

Brunner is a German surname.

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Bullying

Bullying is the use of force, threat, or coercion to abuse, intimidate or aggressively dominate others.

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Burgrave

Burgrave also rendered as Burggrave (from Burggraf, praefectus), was since the medieval period in Europe (mainly Germany) the official title for the ruler of a castle, especially a royal or episcopal castle, and its territory called a Burgraviate or Burgravate (German Burggrafschaft also Burggrafthum, Latin praefectura).

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Calenberg

The Calenberg is a hill in central Germany in the Leine depression near Pattensen in the municipality of Schulenburg.

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Calenberg Castle

Calenberg Castle (Burg Calenberg, later called Schloss Calenberg and Feste Calenberg; ruins known as Alt Calenberg) was a medieval lowland castle in central Germany, near Schulenburg in the borough of Pattensen, 13 km west of the city of Hildesheim.

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Canzone

Literally "song" in Italian, a canzone (plural: canzoni; cognate with English to chant) is an Italian or Provençal song or ballad.

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Carmina Burana

Carmina Burana (Latin for "Songs from Beuern"; "Beuern" is short for Benediktbeuern) is the name given to a manuscript of 254 poems and dramatic texts mostly from the 11th or 12th century, although some are from the 13th century.

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Carmina Burana (Orff)

Carmina Burana is a scenic cantata composed by Carl Orff in 1935 and 1936, based on 24 poems from the medieval collection Carmina Burana.

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Carolingian dynasty

The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family founded by Charles Martel with origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD.

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Chanson de geste

The chanson de geste, Old French for "song of heroic deeds" (from gesta: Latin: "deeds, actions accomplished"), is a medieval narrative, a type of epic poem that appears at the dawn of French literature.

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Charudes

The Charudes or Harudes were a Germanic group first mentioned by Julius Caesar as one of the tribes who had followed Ariovistus across the Rhine.

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Chrétien de Troyes

Chrétien de Troyes was a late-12th-century French poet and trouvère known for his work on Arthurian subjects, and for originating the character Lancelot.

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Christherre-Chronik

The Christherre-Chronik (named after its opening words, "Christ the Lord") is a 13th-century world chronicle from Thüringen, written in Middle High German rhyming couplets.

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Classical language

A classical language is a language with a literature that is classical.

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Cloak of invisibility

A cloak of invisibility is a fictional theme and a device under some scientific inquiry.

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Codex Cumanicus

The Codex Cumanicus is a linguistic manual of the Middle Ages, designed to help Catholic missionaries communicate with the Cumans, a nomadic Turkic people.

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Codex Manesse

The Codex Manesse, Manesse Codex, or Große Heidelberger Liederhandschrift is a Liederhandschrift (book of songs/poetry), the single most comprehensive source of Middle High German Minnesang poetry, written and illustrated between c. 1304 when the main part was completed, and c. 1340 with the addenda.

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Col, Ajdovščina

Col (archaic Podvelb,Intelligenzblatt zur Laibacher Zeitung, no. 141. 24 November 1849, p. 24. Zolla,Snoj, Marko. 2009. Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen. Ljubljana: Modrijan and Založba ZRC, p. 91. Zoll) is a settlement on the edge of a karst plateau overlooking the Vipava Valley in the Municipality of Ajdovščina in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

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Collective noun

In linguistics, a collective noun refers to a collection of things taken as a whole.

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Conrad von Soest

Conrad von Soest, also Konrad in modern texts, or in Middle High German Conrad van Sost or "von Soyst", (born around 1370 in Dortmund; died soon after 1422) was the most significant Westphalian artist and painted in the so-called soft style of International Gothic.

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Continental Germanic mythology

Continental Germanic mythology is a subtype of Germanic paganism as practiced in parts of Central Europe during the 6th to 8th centuries, a period of Christianization.

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Cor anglais

The cor anglais or original; plural: cors anglais) Longman has /kɔːz/ for British and /kɔːrz/ for American --> or English horn in North America, is a double-reed woodwind instrument in the oboe family. It is approximately one and a half times the length of an oboe. The cor anglais is a transposing instrument pitched in F, a perfect fifth lower than the oboe (a C instrument). This means that music for the cor anglais is written a perfect fifth higher than the instrument actually sounds. The fingering and playing technique used for the cor anglais are essentially the same as those of the oboe and oboists typically double on the cor anglais when required. The cor anglais normally lacks the lowest B key found on most oboes and so its sounding range stretches from E3 (written B) below middle C to C6 two octaves above middle C.

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Crngrob

Crngrob (EhrengrubenLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 62.) is a small village in the Municipality of Škofja Loka in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

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Crusade song

A Crusade song (canson de crozada, cançó de croada, Kreuzlied) is any vernacular lyric poem about the Crusades.

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Cunt

Cunt is a vulgar word for the vulva or vagina and is also used as a term of disparagement.

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Cven, Ljutomer

Cven is a village in the Municipality of Ljutomer in eastern Slovenia.

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Cvišlerji

Cvišlerji (in older sources also Cvišljarji, Zwischlern,Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 40.Ferenc, Mitja. 2007. Nekdanji nemški jezikovni otok na kočevskem. Kočevje: Pokrajinski muzej, p. 4. Gottscheerish: Zwishlarə) is a settlement east of Kočevje in southern Slovenia.

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Daig (Switzerland)

"Daig" is an expression common in Basel and the Deutschschweiz and refers to a milieu consisting of wealthy families from the Swiss city of Basel.

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Daniel von dem blühenden Tal

Daniel von dem blühenden Tal (Daniel of the Flowering Valley) is an Arthurian romance composed around 1220 by the Middle High German poet Der Stricker,Gürttler, Karin R. (1991).

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Danube

The Danube or Donau (known by various names in other languages) is Europe's second longest river, after the Volga.

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Das Eckenlied

Das Eckenlied or Ecken Ausfahrt (The Song of Ecke or Ecke's Quest) is an anonymous 13th-century Middle High German poem about the legendary hero Dietrich von Bern, the legendary counterpart of the historical Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great.

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Das Nibelungenlied: Ein Heldenepos in 39 Abenteuern

Das Nibelungenlied (The Song of the Nibelungs) is a novel by German writer Albrecht Behmel about the medieval epic of the same name.

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David McLintock

David Robert McLintock (17 November 1930 – 16 October 2003) was a British scholar and translator of German literature.

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Dören

Dören (or Döhren, singular: Döre) is the name given to passes through a range of hills in the Low German language area, especially Ostwestfalen-Lippe.

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Der arme Heinrich

Der arme Heinrich (Poor Heinrich) is a Middle High German narrative poem by Hartmann von Aue.

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Der Busant

Der Busant, also known as Der Bussard (both German names for the Common Buzzard), is a Middle High German verse narrative, containing 1074 lines of rhyming couplets.

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Der Pleier

Der Pleier is the pen name of a 13th-century German poet whose real name is unknown.

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Der Ring des Nibelungen: Composition of the poem

The evolution of Richard Wagner's operatic tetralogy Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung) was a long and tortuous process, and the precise sequence of events which led the composer to embark upon such a vast undertaking is still unclear.

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Der Stricker

Der Stricker is the pseudonym of a 13th-century Middle High German itinerant poet whose real name has been lost to history.

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Der von Kürenberg

Der von Kürenberg or Der Kürenberger (fl. mid-12th century) was a Middle High German poet and one of the earliest Minnesänger.

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Der Weinschwelg

Der Weinschwelg is a thirteenth-century Middle High German poem.

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Des Tüfels Segi

Des Tüfels Segi (des tuiffels segin "The Devil's Net", conventional Standard German title Des Teufels Netz) is an Alemannic German satirical didactic poem of the early 15th century, most likely written during the years 1414–1420.

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Deuce (playing card)

The Deuce (Daus, plural: Däuser) is the playing card with the highest value in German card games.

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Deutsches Rechtswoerterbuch

The Deutsches Rechtswörterbuch (DRW) or Dictionary of Historical German Legal Terms is a historic legal dictionary developed under the aegis of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

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Diaeresis (diacritic)

The diaeresis (plural: diaereses), also spelled diæresis or dieresis and also known as the tréma (also: trema) or the umlaut, is a diacritical mark that consists of two dots placed over a letter, usually a vowel.

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Dialect

The term dialect (from Latin,, from the Ancient Greek word,, "discourse", from,, "through" and,, "I speak") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena.

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Diatessaron

The Diatessaron; (Ewangeliyôn Damhalltê), (c. 160–175) is the most prominent early Gospel harmony, and was created by Tatian, an early Christian Assyrian apologist and ascetic.

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Die Nibelungen (1966–67 film)

Die Nibelungen is a 1966/1967 West German fantasy film released in two parts, Siegfried von Xanten and Kriemhilds Rache (Kriemhild's Revenge).

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Die Rabenschlacht

Die Rabenschlacht (The Battle of Ravenna) is an anonymous 13th-century Middle High German poem about the hero Dietrich von Bern, the legendary counterpart of the historical Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great.

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Dieburg

Dieburg is a small town in southern Hessen, Germany.

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Diemoth

Diemoth (Diemudus, Diemut, Diemud, Diemuth, Diemod, Diemudis) (born about 1060; died 30 March, probably in 1130) was the name of a recluse at Wessobrunn Abbey in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

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Dietrich und Wenezlan

Dietrich und Wenezlan (Dietrich and Wenezlan) is a fragmentary Middle High German poem about the legendary hero Dietrich von Bern, the legendary counterpart of the historical Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great.

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Dietrichs Flucht

Dietrichs Flucht (Dietrich's Flight) or Das Buch von Bern (The Book of Verona) is an anonymous 13th-century Middle High German poem about the legendary hero Dietrich von Bern, the legendary counterpart of the historical Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great.

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Diphthong

A diphthong (or; from Greek: δίφθογγος, diphthongos, literally "two sounds" or "two tones"), also known as a gliding vowel, is a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable.

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Diu Crône

Diu Crône (The Crown) is a Middle High German poem of about 30,000 lines treating of King Arthur and the Matter of Britain, dating from around the 1220s and attributed to the epic poet Heinrich von dem Türlin.

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Dobliče

Dobliče (DöblitschLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 4.Rajšp, Vincenc. 1995. Slovenija na vojaškem zemljevidu 1763-1787, vol 1. Ljubljana: SAZU, pp. 117–118. or DoblitscheIntelligenzblatt zur Laibacher Zeitung, no. 141. 24 November 1849, p. 48.) is a village in the Municipality of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia.

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Dobrina, Šentjur

Dobrina is a settlement in the Municipality of Šentjur in eastern Slovenia.

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Dollnstein

Dollnstein is a municipality in the district of Eichstätt in Bavaria in Germany.

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Domžale

Domžale (Domschale)Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol.

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Dorfarje

Dorfarje (DörfernLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 62.) is a village in the Municipality of Škofja Loka in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

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Duchy of Austria

The Duchy of Austria (Herzogtum Österreich) was a medieval principality of the Holy Roman Empire, established in 1156 by the Privilegium Minus, when the Margraviate of Austria (Ostarrîchi) was detached from Bavaria and elevated to a duchy in its own right.

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Duchy of Thuringia

The Duchy of Thuringia was an eastern frontier march of the Merovingian kingdom of Austrasia, established about 631 by King Dagobert I after his troops had been defeated by the forces of the Slavic confederation of Samo at the Battle of Wogastisburg.

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Dukus Horant

Dukus Horant is a 14th-century narrative poem in Judeo-German (Proto-Yiddish).

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Dwarf (mythology)

In Germanic mythology, a dwarf is a human-shaped entity that dwells in mountains and in the earth, and is variously associated with wisdom, smithing, mining, and crafting.

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Early New High German

Early New High German (ENHG) is a term for the period in the history of the German language, generally defined, following Wilhelm Scherer, as the period 1350 to 1650.

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Eifeler Regel

The Eifeler Regel (meaning "Eifel Rule"; in Luxembourgish also spelled Äifler Regel) is a linguistic phenomenon originally documented in the dialects of the Eifel region in the far west of Germany during the late 19th century. The rule describes a phonological process in the languages which causes the deletion of final in certain contexts, and may be reflected in spelling. More generally called n-apocope, it appears to varying extents in all dialects of the Western group of High German, including West Central German (notably Luxembourgish, Colognian and Hessian), High Franconian and Alemannic; and excludes all dialects of the Eastern group, such as Austro-Bavarian and the colonial dialects east of the Elbe-Saale line (including Standard German and Yiddish). N-apocope is a linguistic change originating in speech during the Middle High German period.

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Eilhart von Oberge

Eilhart von Oberge was a German poet of the late 12th century.

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Electoral College (Holy Roman Empire)

The Electoral College (Kur) of the Holy Roman Empire was the gathering of prince electors in order to vote for the next King of the Romans and Emperor.

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Elegie (Walther von der Vogelweide)

"Elegie" is a poem written by the German lyric poet Walther von der Vogelweide.

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Elucidarium

Elucidarium (also Elucidarius, so called because it "elucidates the obscurity of various things") is an encyclopedic work or summa about medieval Christian theology and folk belief, originally written in the late 11th century by Honorius Augustodunensis, influenced by Anselm of Canterbury and John Scotus Eriugena.

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Ephraim Emerton

Ephraim Emerton (February 18, 1851 – March 3, 1935) was an American educator, author, translator, and historian prominent in his field of European medieval history.

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Erec (poem)

Erec (also Erek, Ereck) is a Middle High German poem written in rhyming couplets in about 1185 by Hartmann von Aue.

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Ermanaric

Ermanaric (*Aírmanareiks; Ermanaricus; Eormanrīc; Jǫrmunrekr; died 376) was a Greuthungian Gothic King who before the Hunnic invasion evidently ruled a sizable portion of Oium, the part of Scythia inhabited by the Goths at the time.

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Ernst Martin

Ernst Eduard Martin (5 May 1841, Jena – 13 August 1910, Strasbourg) was a German philologist of Romance and Germanic studies.

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Esperantido

An Esperantido is a constructed language derived from Esperanto.

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Eva Marie Veigel

Eva Marie Veigel (also Eva Maria Violette, with variants Eva Maria and Ava-Maria) (29 February 1724, Vienna - 16 October 1822, London) was a dancer and the wife of actor David Garrick.

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Ezh

Ezh (Ʒ ʒ), also called the "tailed z", is a letter whose lower case form is used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), representing the voiced postalveolar fricative consonant.

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Ezzolied

The Ezzolied, also known as the Cantilena de miraculis Christi (Song of the miracles of Christ) or the Anegenge (Beginning), is an early Middle High German poem written by Ezzo, a German scholar and priest of Bamberg.

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Ȥ

Ȥ (minuscule: ȥ, Unicode codepoints U+0224 and U+0225, respectively), a Latin letter Z with a hook.

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Falk (name)

Falk is a given name and surname cognate with the word falcon.

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Farfel

Farfel (Yiddish: פֿאַרפֿל, farfl; from Middle High German varveln) is small pellet or flake shaped pasta used in Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine.

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Fasolt

Fasolt, Fasold or Vasolt is a giant who appears in the following works.

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Faun (band)

Faun is a German band formed in 1998 who play pagan folk, darkwave and medieval music.

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Fürbringer

Fürbringer – also occurring in the German diaspora variants Fuerbringer or Furbringer – is a surname of German origin.

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Fenrich

Fenrich (IPA, alternative spellings: Fendrich, Fenrick, sometimes with preposition von) was an Austrian lower nobility family of German origin, a branch of the House of Fenner (Venner, Venour).

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Fifth Crusade

The Fifth Crusade (1217–1221) was an attempt by Western Europeans to reacquire Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first conquering the powerful Ayyubid state in Egypt.

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Final-obstruent devoicing

Final-obstruent devoicing or terminal devoicing is a systematic phonological process occurring in languages such as Catalan, German, Dutch, Breton, Russian, Turkish, and Wolof.

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First Mongol invasion of Poland

The Mongol Invasion of Poland from late 1240 to 1241 culminated in the battle of Legnica, where the Mongols defeated an alliance which included forces from fragmented Poland and their allies, led by Henry II the Pious, the Duke of Silesia.

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Fisch (surname)

Fisch is a German language occupational surname, which means "fisherman" or "fish seller", derived from the Middle High German visch, meaning "fish".

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Flein

is a municipality in the district of Heilbronn in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

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Floris and Blancheflour

Floris and Blancheflour is the name of a popular romantic story that was told in the Middle Ages in many different vernacular languages and versions.

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Flute

The flute is a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group.

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For Want of a Nail

"For Want of a Nail" is a proverb, having numerous variations over several centuries, reminding that seemingly unimportant acts or omissions can have grave and unforeseen consequences.

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Franconian languages

Franconian (Frankisch; Frankies; Fränkisch; Francique) includes a number of West Germanic languages and dialects possibly derived from the languages and dialects originally spoken by the Franks from their ethnogenesis in the 3rd century AD.

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Fróði

Fróði (Frōði; Frōda; Middle High German: Vruote) is the name of a number of legendary Danish kings in various texts including Beowulf, Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda and his Ynglinga saga, Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum, and the Grottasöngr.

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Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg

Frederick (Middle High German: Friderich, Standard German: Friedrich; 21 September 1371 – 20 September 1440) was the last Burgrave of Nuremberg from 1397 to 1427 (as Frederick VI), Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach from 1398, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach from 1420, and Elector of Brandenburg (as Frederick I) from 1415 until his death.

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Freidank

Freidank (Vrîdanc) was a Middle High German didactic poet of the early 13th century.

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Friar Rush

Friar Rush (Broder Rusche, Bruder Rausch, Broder Ruus) is the title of a medieval Low German legend, surviving in a 1488 edition in verse form.

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Frič

Frič is a Czechized German surname.

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Friedrich von Hausen

Friedrich von Hausen (Middle High German: Friderich von Hûsen) was a mediaeval German poet, one of the earliest of the Minnesingers; born some time between 1150–60; d. 6 May 1190.

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Galdr

Galdr (plural galdrar) is one Old Norse word for "spell, incantation"; these were usually performed in combination with certain rites.

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Gambeson

A gambeson (also aketon, padded jack or arming doublet) is a padded defensive jacket, worn as armour separately, or combined with mail or plate armour.

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Ganerbenburg

A Ganerbenburg is a castle occupied and managed by several families or family lines at the same time.

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Gatt (surname)

Gatt is a surname of Scottish as well as Southeast German origin, which can also be found in Malta.

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Gawain

Gawain (also called Gwalchmei, Gualguanus, Gauvain, Walwein, etc.) is King Arthur's nephew and a Knight of the Round Table in the Arthurian legend.

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Gedackt

Gedackt (also spelled gedeckt) is the name of a family of stops in pipe organ building.

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Georg Friedrich Benecke

Georg Friedrich Benecke (10 June 1762, Mönchsroth – 21 August 1844, Göttingen) was a German philologist.

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Georg Wickram

Georg (or Jörg) Wickram (c.1505 – before 1562) was a German poet and novelist.

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Georgiana Simpson

Georgiana Rose Simpson (1865–1944) was a philologist and the first African-American woman to receive a PhD in the United States.

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German language

German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.

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German literature

German literature comprises those literary texts written in the German language.

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German orthography

German orthography is the orthography used in writing the German language, which is largely phonemic.

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German studies

German studies is the field of humanities that researches, documents, and disseminates German language and literature in both its historic and present forms.

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Germanic Heroic Age

The Germanic (or "German") Heroic Age, so called in analogy to the Heroic Age of Greek mythology, is the period of early historic or quasi-historic events reflected in Germanic heroic poetry.

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Germanic philology

Germanic philology is the philological study of the Germanic languages, particularly from a comparative or historical perspective.

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Germanic umlaut

The Germanic umlaut (sometimes called i-umlaut or i-mutation) is a type of linguistic umlaut in which a back vowel changes to the associated front vowel (fronting) or a front vowel becomes closer to (raising) when the following syllable contains,, or.

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Germanic verb

The Germanic language family is one of the language groups that resulted from the breakup of Proto-Indo-European (PIE).

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Germans

Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history.

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Germans in Bulgaria

Germans (немци, nemtsi or германци, germantsi) are a minority ethnic group in Bulgaria (Bulgarien).

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Geroda, Lower Franconia

Geroda is a municipality in the district of Bad Kissingen in Bavaria in Germany.

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Glažuta, Loški Potok

Glažuta (Karlshütten or Karlshütte,Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 35. Gottschee German: GloschhittnPetschauer, Erich. 1980. "Die Gottscheer Siedlungen – Ortsnamenverzeichnis." In Das Jahrhundertbuch der Gottscheer (pp. 181–197). Klagenfurt: Leustik.) is a small remote village in the Municipality of Loški Potok in southern Slovenia.

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Glanbrücken

Glanbrücken is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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GMH

GMH may refer to.

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Gneiss

Gneiss is a common distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks.

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Go (verb)

The verb go is an irregular verb in the English language (see English irregular verbs).

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Goldemar

Goldemar is a fragmentary thirteenth-century Middle High German poem by Albrecht von Kemenaten about the legendary hero Dietrich von Bern, the legendary counterpart of the historical Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great.

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Gooseberry

The gooseberry (or (American and northern British) or (southern British)), with scientific names Ribes uva-crispa (and syn. Ribes grossularia), is a species of Ribes (which also includes the currants).

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Gottfried von Strassburg

Gottfried von Strassburg (died c. 1210) is the author of the Middle High German courtly romance Tristan, an adaptation of the 12th-century Tristan and Iseult legend.

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Graelent

Graelent is an Old French Breton lai, named after its protagonist.

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Grüß Gott

The expression grüß Gott (from grüß dich Gott, originally '(may) God bless (you)')Hans Ulrich Schmid: (in German) is a greeting, less often a farewell, in Southern Germany and Austria (more specifically the Upper German Sprachraum especially in Bavaria, Franconia, Swabia, Austria, and South Tyrol).

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Great Vowel Shift

The Great Vowel Shift was a major series of changes in the pronunciation of the English language that took place, beginning in southern England, primarily between 1350 and the 1600s and 1700s, today influencing effectively all dialects of English.

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Green Knight

The Green Knight is a character of the 14th-century Arthurian poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and the related medieval work The Greene Knight.

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Gregorius

Gregorius or The Good Sinner is a Middle High German narrative poem by Hartmann von Aue.

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Gribenes

Gribenes or grieven (גריבענעס,, "scraps"; גלדי שומן) are crisp chicken or goose skin cracklings with fried onions, a kosher food somewhat similar to pork rinds.

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Gries, Germany

Gries is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Großer Kornberg

With its peak the Große Kornberg is the northeast cornerstone of the Fichtel Mountains in south Germany.

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Grobian

Saint Grobian (Medieval Latin, Sanctus Grobianus) was a fictional patron saint of vulgar and coarse people.

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Grumbach

Grumbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Gudrun

Gudrun (Old Norse Guðrún) or Kriemhild (Middle High German Kriemhilt) is the wife of Sigurd/Siegfried and a major figure in Germanic heroic legend and literature.

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Gugelhupf

A Gugelhupf (also Kugelhupf, Guglhupf, Gugelhopf, and, in France, kouglof, kougelhof, or kougelhopf) is a yeast based cake (often with raisins), traditionally baked in a distinctive circular Bundt mold.

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Guilder

Guilder is the English translation of the Dutch and German gulden, originally shortened from Middle High German guldin pfenninc "gold penny".

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Guinea pig

The guinea pig or domestic guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), also known as cavy or domestic cavy, is a species of rodent belonging to the family Caviidae and the genus Cavia.

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Gulden

is the historical German and Dutch term for gold coin (from Middle High German guldin "golden penny" and Middle Dutch guldijn florijn "golden florin"), equivalent to the English term guilder.

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Gunnar

Gunnar is a male first name of Nordic origin (Gunnarr in Old Norse).

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Gunther

Gunther (Gundahar, Gundahari, Latin Gundaharius, Gundicharius, or Guntharius, Old English Gūðhere, Old Norse Gunnarr, anglicised as Gunnar, d. 437) was a historical King of Burgundy in the early 5th century.

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Gustav Roethe

Gustav Roethe (5 May 1859, Graudenz – 17 September 1926, Bad Gastein) was a German philologist.

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Hadamar III of Laber

Hadamar III of Laber (ca 1300 – 1360) was one of the Lords of Laber (now Laaber) in the Upper Palatinate, and an important courtly poet (Minnesänger).

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Haddingjar

The Haddingjar refers on the one hand to legends about two brothers by this name, and on the other hand to possibly related legends based on the Hasdingi, the royal dynasty of the Vandals.

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Hafenlohr (river)

Hafenlohr is a creek of around 28 km length that discharges into the Main at the town of Hafenlohr.

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Hallow

To hallow is "to make holy or sacred, to sanctify or consecrate, to venerate".

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Hamburger

A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.

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Hamster

Hamsters are rodents (order Rodentia) belonging to the subfamily Cricetinae, which contains about 25 species classified in six or seven genera.

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Hans Ferdinand Massmann

Hans Ferdinand Massmann (Maßmann; 15 August 1797 – 3 August 1874) was a German philologist, known for his studies in Old German language and literature, and for his work introducing gymnastics into schools in Prussia.

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Hartmann von Aue

Hartmann von Aue, also known as Hartmann von Ouwe, (born c. 1160–70, died c. 1210–20) was a Middle High German knight and poet.

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Harz

The Harz is a Mittelgebirge that has the highest elevations in Northern Germany and its rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia.

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Havel

The Havel is a river in north-eastern Germany, flowing through the German states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Berlin and Saxony-Anhalt.

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Hayden (given name)

Hayden is a given name in the English language.

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Háma

Háma (Hāma), Heimir (Old Norse), or Heime (German) was a legendary Germanic hero who often appears together with his friend Wudga.

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Heathenry (new religious movement)

Heathenry, also termed Heathenism or Germanic Neopaganism, is a modern Pagan religion.

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Heerbann

The Heerbann (also formerly Heermannie, MHG herban, OHG: heriban, Mid. Latin: Heribannus), in the Imperial Military Constitution (Reichsheeresverfassung) of the Holy Roman Empire, was the call to all free landowners capable of bearing arms to participate in a military campaign, i.e. in an imperial war (Reichskrieg).

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Heiden (surname)

The surname Heiden has a number of different spellings including Haydn, Heide, Heid, Heidling, Heideling, Heidt, Heyde.

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Heinrich der Glïchezäre

Heinrich der Glïchezäre (i.e. the hypocrite, in the sense of one who adopts a strange name or pseudonym; also called Heinrich der Gleißner) was a Middle High German poet from Alsace, author of a narrative poem, Reinhart Fuchs (Reynard), the oldest German beast epic that we possess.

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Heinrich Frauenlob

Heinrich Frauenlob (between 1250 and 1260 – 29 November 1318), sometimes known as Henry of Meissen (Heinrich von Meißen), was a Middle High German poet, a representative of both the Sangspruchdichtung and Minnesang genres.

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Heinrich von Freiberg

Heinrich von Freiberg was a Middle High German narrative poet at the court of Wenceslaus II of Bohemia.

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Heinrich von Morungen

Heinrich von Morungen or Henry of Morungen (died c. 1220 or 1222) was a German Minnesinger.

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Heinrich von Ofterdingen

Heinrich von Ofterdingen is a fabled, quasi-fictional Middle High German lyric poet and Minnesinger mentioned in the 13th century epic of the Sängerkrieg (minstrel contest) on the Wartburg.

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Heinrich von Veldeke

Heinrich von Veldeke (aka: He(y)nric van Veldeke(n), Dutch Hendrik van Veldeke, born before or around 1150 – died after 1184) is the first writer in the Low Countries known by name who wrote in a European language other than Latin.

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Helium Vola

Helium Vola is a German "Electro-Medieval" band founded in 2001 by Ernst Horn, who was also one of the founding members of Qntal.

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Helmut de Boor

Helmut de Boor (born 24 March 1891 in Bonn, died 4 August 1976 in Berlin) was a German medievalist.

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Henry II, Duke of Austria

Henry II (Heinrich; 1112 – 13 January 1177), called Jasomirgott, a member of the House of Babenberg,Lingelbach 1913, pp.

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Henry Suso

Henry Suso, O.P. (also called Amandus, a name adopted in his writings, and Heinrich Seuse in German), was a German Dominican friar and the most popular vernacular writer of the fourteenth century (when considering the number of surviving manuscripts).

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Henschtal

Henschtal is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Herbort of Fritzlar

Herbort von Fritzlar was a cleric and writer.

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Hercynian Forest

The Hercynian Forest was an ancient and dense forest that stretched eastward from the Rhine River across southern Germany and formed the northern boundary of that part of Europe known to writers of antiquity.

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Hermann Fressant

Hermann Fressant was a 14th-century town clerk in the German city of Ulm.

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Herschweiler-Pettersheim

Herschweiler-Pettersheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Hiberno-Scottish mission

The Hiberno-Scottish mission was a series of missions and expeditions initiated by various Irish clerics and cleric-scholars who, for the most part, are not known to have acted in concert.

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High German consonant shift

In historical linguistics, the High German consonant shift or second Germanic consonant shift is a phonological development (sound change) that took place in the southern parts of the West Germanic dialect continuum in several phases.

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High German languages

The High German languages or High German dialects (hochdeutsche Mundarten) comprise the varieties of German spoken south of the Benrath and Uerdingen isoglosses in central and southern Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, and Luxembourg, as well as in neighboring portions of France (Alsace and northern Lorraine), Italy (South Tyrol), the Czech Republic (Bohemia), and Poland (Upper Silesia).

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Hildebrand

Hildebrand is a character from Germanic legend.

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Hildina

"Hildina" is a traditional ballad thought to have been composed in Orkney in the 17th century,The Language of The Ballad of Hildina (2006–2014) but collected on the island of Foula in Shetland in 1774, and first published in 1805.

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Historic Colognian

Historic Colognian or Old Colognian is the spoken and written language of the city of Cologne in Germany from the 12th century to the 18th century, before the development of Modern Colognian.

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Historical dictionary

A historical dictionary or dictionary on historical principles is a type of dictionary which deals not only with the present-day meanings of words but also the historical development of their forms and meanings.

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Historical European martial arts

Historical European martial arts (HEMA) refers to martial arts of European origin, particularly using arts formerly practised, but having since died out or evolved into very different forms.

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Historien der alden E

Historien der alden E ("history of the old covenant") is a Middle High German summary of the Old Testament in verse form.

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History of Alsace

The History of Alsace begins when the area was inhabited by nomadic hunters in antiquity, and includes several changes in political control of the area between Germany and France.

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History of Bern

The city of Bern, founded in 1191 and first mentioned in a document in 1208, grew to become the biggest aristocratic city-state north of the Alps and a major power in the Old Swiss Confederacy.

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History of fencing

The oldest surviving manual on western swordsmanship dates to around 1300, although historical references date fencing schools back to the 12th century.

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History of German

The history of the German language as separate from common West Germanic begins in the Early Middle Ages with the High German consonant shift.

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History of Germany

The concept of Germany as a distinct region in central Europe can be traced to Roman commander Julius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as Germania, thus distinguishing it from Gaul (France), which he had conquered.

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History of martial arts

Although the earliest evidence of martial arts goes back millennia, the true roots are difficult to reconstruct.

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History of Strasbourg

The following is a history of Strasbourg, France.

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History of the Dutch language

Dutch is a West Germanic language, that originated from the Old Frankish dialects.

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History of the Jews in Alsace

The history of the Jews in Alsace is one of the oldest in Europe.

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Hjaðningavíg

Hjaðningavíg (the "battle of the Heodenings"), the legend of Heðinn and Hǫgni or the Saga of Hild is a Scandinavian legend from Norse mythology about a never-ending battle which is documented in Sörla þáttr, Ragnarsdrápa, Gesta Danorum, Skíðaríma and in Skáldskaparmál.

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Hochspeyerbach

The Hochspeyerbach is a 21 km long river in the Palatinate forest in Rhineland-Palatinate and a left tributary of the Speyerbach.

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Hohenöllen

Hohenöllen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Hohenecken Castle

Hohenecken Castle (Burg Hohenecken) (MHG: buorch hônecke) is the ruin of a spur castle from the Hohenstaufen era on the Schlossberg hill above the Kaiserslautern ward of Hohenecken in Rhineland-Palatinate.

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Hohenstaufen

The Staufer, also known as the House of Staufen, or of Hohenstaufen, were a dynasty of German kings (1138–1254) during the Middle Ages.

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Holda

In Germanic legends, Frau Holda (or Frau Holle) was the protectress of agriculture and women's crafts.

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Hoppstädten

Hoppstädten is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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House of Sax

The noble family von Sax (originally de Sacco) were a medieval noble family in eastern Switzerland.

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Howitzer

A howitzer is a type of artillery piece characterized by a relatively short barrel and the use of comparatively small propellant charges to propel projectiles over relatively high trajectories, with a steep angle of descent.

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Hudler

Hudler is a German language occupational surname, which means "rag trader", derived from the Middle High German hudel ("rag").

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Huns

The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe, between the 4th and 6th century AD.

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Illustrious Highness

His/Her Illustrious Highness (abbreviation: H.Ill.H.) is the English-language form for a style used by certain members of the European aristocracy.

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Imeno

Imeno (StadeldorfLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 4: Štajersko. 1904. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 12.) is a settlement on the right bank of the Sotla River in the Municipality of Podčetrtek in eastern Slovenia.

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Imperial road

In medieval times, imperial roads (Reichsstraße) were designated routes in the Holy Roman Empire that afforded protection to travellers in return for tolls collected for the emperor.

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Indo-European vocabulary

The following is a table of many of the most fundamental Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) words and roots, with their cognates in all of the major families of descendants.

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Instrumental case

The instrumental case (abbreviated or) is a grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action.

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Ipomadon

The Anglo-Norman romance Ipomedon by Hue de Rotelande, composed near Hereford around 1180, survives in three separate Middle English versions, a long poem Ipomadon composed in tail-rhyme verse, possibly in the last decade of the fourteenth century, a shorter poem The Lyfe of Ipomydon, dating to the fifteenth century and a prose version, Ipomedon, also of the fifteenth century.

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Irene Angelina

Irene Angelina (Εἰρήνη Ἀγγελίνα; c. 1181 – 27 August 1208), was a Byzantine princess member of the Angelos dynasty and by her two marriages Queen of Sicily in 1193 and Queen of Germany from 1198 to 1208.

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Irish elk

The Irish elk (Megaloceros giganteus) also called the giant deer or Irish giant deer, is an extinct species of deer in the genus Megaloceros and is one of the largest deer that ever lived.

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ISO 639:g

|- !gaa | ||gaa||I/L|| ||Gã||Ga||ga|| ||加语||га||Ga |- !gab | || ||I/L|| || ||Gabri|| || || || || |- !gac | || ||I/L|| || ||Mixed Great Andamanese|| || || || || |- !gad | || ||I/L|| || ||Gaddang|| || || || || |- !gae | || ||I/L|| || ||Guarequena|| || || || || |- !gaf | || ||I/L|| || ||Gende|| || || || || |- !gag | || ||I/L||Turkic||Gagauz dili||Gagauz||gagaouze||gagauzo||嘎嘎乌孜语||гагаузский||Gagausisch |- !gah | || ||I/L|| || ||Alekano|| || || || || |- !gai | || ||I/L|| || ||Borei|| || || || || |- !gaj | || ||I/L|| || ||Gadsup|| || || || || |- !gak | || ||I/L|| || ||Gamkonora|| || || || || |- !gal | || ||I/L|| || ||Galoli|| || || || || |- !gam | || ||I/L|| || ||Kandawo|| || || || || |- !gan | || ||I/L||Chinese||赣语||Gan|| || ||贛語||гань|| |- !gao | || ||I/L|| || ||Gants|| || || || || |- !gap | || ||I/L|| || ||Gal|| || || || || |- !gaq | || ||I/L|| || ||Gata'|| || || || || |- !gar | || ||I/L|| || ||Galeya|| || || || || |- !gas | || ||I/L|| || ||Garasia, Adiwasi|| || || || || |- !gat | || ||I/L|| || ||Kenati|| || || || || |- !gau | || ||I/L|| || ||Gadaba, Mudhili|| || ||加大巴语|| || |- !(gav) | || ||I/L|| || ||Gabutamon|| || || || || |- !gaw | || ||I/L|| || ||Nobonob|| || || || || |- !gax | || ||I/L|| || ||Oromo, Borana-Arsi-Guji|| || ||卡约语|| || |- !gay | ||gay||I/L|| || ||Gayo||gayo|| || ||гайо||Gayo |- !gaz | || ||I/L|| || ||Oromo, West Central|| || ||中西奥罗莫语|| || |- !gba | ||gba||M/L|| || ||Gbaya (Central African Republic)||gbaya|| ||巴亚语|| || |- !gbb | || ||I/L|| || ||Kaytetye|| || || || || |- !(gbc) | || ||I/L|| || ||Garawa|| || || || || |- !gbd | || ||I/L|| || ||Karadjeri|| || || || || |- !gbe | || ||I/L|| || ||Niksek|| || || || || |- !gbf | || ||I/L|| || ||Gaikundi|| || || || || |- !gbg | || ||I/L|| || ||Gbanziri|| || || || || |- !gbh | || ||I/L|| || ||Gbe, Defi|| || || || || |- !gbi | || ||I/L|| || ||Galela|| || || || || |- !gbj | || ||I/L|| || ||Gadaba, Bodo|| || || || || |- !gbk | || ||I/L|| || ||Gaddi|| || || || || |- !gbl | || ||I/L|| || ||Gamit|| || || || || |- !gbm | || ||I/L|| || ||Garhwali|| || || || || |- !gbn | || ||I/L|| || ||Mo'da|| || || || || |- !gbo | || ||I/L|| || ||Grebo, Northern|| || || || || |- !gbp | || ||I/L|| || ||Gbaya-Bossangoa|| || || || || |- !gbq | || ||I/L|| || ||Gbaya-Bozoum|| || || || || |- !gbr | || ||I/L|| || ||Gbagyi|| || || || || |- !gbs | || ||I/L|| || ||Gbe, Gbesi|| || || || || |- !gbu | || ||I/L|| || ||Gagadu|| || || || || |- !gbv | || ||I/L|| || ||Gbanu|| || || || || |- !gbw | || ||I/L|| || ||Gabi-Gabi|| || || || || |- !gbx | || ||I/L|| || ||Gbe, Eastern Xwla|| || || || || |- !gby | || ||I/L|| || ||Gbari|| || || || || |- !gbz | || ||I/L|| ||دَرِي||Dari, Zoroastrian|| || || ||дари|| |- !gcc | || ||I/L|| || ||Mali|| || || || || |- !gcd | || ||I/E|| || ||Ganggalida|| || || || || |- !gce | || ||I/E|| || ||Galice|| || || || || |- !gcf | || ||I/L|| || ||Guadeloupean Creole French||créole guadeloupéen|| ||危地马拉克里奥尔法语|| || |- !gcl | || ||I/L|| || ||Grenadian Creole English|| || ||格林纳达克里奥尔英语|| || |- !gcn | || ||I/L|| || ||Gaina|| || || || || |- !gcr | || ||I/L|| || ||Guianese Creole French|| || ||圭亚那克里奥尔法语|| || |- !gct | || ||I/L|| || ||German, Colonia Tovar|| || || || || |- !gda | || ||I/L|| || ||Lohar, Gade|| || || || || |- !gdb | || ||I/L|| || ||Gadaba, Pottangi Ollar|| || ||奥拉瑞语|| || |- !gdc | || ||I/E|| || ||Gugu Badhun|| || || || || |- !gdd | || ||I/L|| || ||Gedaged|| || || ||гедагед||Gedaged |- !gde | || ||I/L|| || ||Gude|| || || || || |- !gdf | || ||I/L|| || ||Guduf-Gava|| || || || || |- !gdg | || ||I/L|| || ||Ga'dang|| || || || || |- !gdh | || ||I/L|| || ||Gadjerawang|| || || || || |- !gdi | || ||I/L|| || ||Gundi|| || || || || |- !gdj | || ||I/L|| || ||Gurdjar|| || || || || |- !gdk | || ||I/L|| || ||Gadang|| || || || || |- !gdl | || ||I/L|| || ||Dirasha|| || || || || |- !gdm | || ||I/L|| ||yəw láà:l||Laal||laal||laal|| || || |- !gdn | || ||I/L|| || ||Umanakaina|| || || || || |- !gdo | || ||I/L|| || ||Ghodoberi||ghodoberi||ghodoberi||戈多贝蒂语|| || |- !gdq | || ||I/L|| || ||Mehri|| || || || || |- !gdr | || ||I/L|| || ||Wipi|| || || || || |- !gds | || ||I/L|| || ||Ghandruk Sign Language|| || || || || |- !gdt | || ||I/E|| || ||Kungardutyi|| || || || || |- !gdu | || ||I/L|| || ||Gudu|| || || || || |- !gdx | || ||I/L|| || ||Godwari|| || || || || |- !gea | || ||I/L|| || ||Geruma|| || || || || |- !geb | || ||I/L|| || ||Kire|| || || || || |- !gec | || ||I/L|| || ||Grebo, Gboloo|| || || || || |- !ged | || ||I/L|| || ||Gade|| || || || || |- !geg | || ||I/L|| || ||Gengle|| || || || || |- !geh | || ||I/L|| ||Hutterisch||German, Hutterite|| || ||哈特德语|| ||Hutterisch |- !gei | || ||I/L|| || ||Gebe|| || || ||гебе||Gebe |- !gej | || ||I/L|| || ||Gen||gen|| || || || |- !gek | || ||I/L|| || ||Yiwom|| || || || || |- !gel | || ||I/L|| || ||Kag-Fer-Jiir-Koor-Ror-Us-Zuksun|| || || || || |- !(gen) | || || || || ||Geman Deng|| || || || || |- !geq | || ||I/L|| || ||Geme|| || || || || |- !ges | || ||I/L|| || ||Geser-Gorom|| || || ||гезер-гором||Geser-Gorom |- !gew | || ||I/L|| || ||Gera|| || || || || |- !gex | || ||I/L|| || ||Garre|| || || || || |- !gey | || ||I/L|| || ||Enya|| || || ||энья|| |- !gez | ||gez||I/A|| ||ግዕዝ||Geez||guèze||ge'ez||吉兹语||геэз|| |- !gfk | || ||I/L|| || ||Patpatar|| || || || ||Patpatar |- !gft | || ||I/E|| || ||Gafat|| || || || || |- !gfx | || ||I/L|| || ||Mangetti Dune !Xung|| || || || || |- !gga | || ||I/L|| || ||Gao|| || || || || |- !ggb | || ||I/L|| || ||Gbii|| || || || || |- !ggd | || ||I/E|| || ||Gugadj|| || || || || |- !gge | || ||I/L|| || ||Guragone|| || || || || |- !ggg | || ||I/L|| || ||Gurgula|| || || || || |- !(ggh) | || || || || ||Garreh-Ajuran|| || || || || |- !ggk | || ||I/E|| || ||Kungarakany|| || || || || |- !ggl | || ||I/L|| || ||Ganglau|| || || || || |- !ggm | || ||I/E|| || ||Gugu Mini|| || || || || |- !ggn | || ||I/L|| || ||Gurung, Eastern|| || || || || |- !ggo | || ||I/L|| || ||Gondi, Southern|| || ||南贡德语|| || |- !(ggr) | || ||I/E|| || ||Aghu Tharnggalu|| || || || || |- !ggt | || ||I/L|| || ||Gitua|| || || || || |- !ggu | || ||I/L|| || ||Gagu|| || || || || |- !ggw | || ||I/L|| || ||Gogodala|| || || || || |- !gha | || ||I/L|| || ||Ghadamès|| || || || || |- !ghc | || ||I/E|| || ||Gaelic, Hiberno-Scottish|| || || || || |- !ghe | || ||I/L|| || ||Ghale, Southern|| || || || || |- !ghh | || ||I/L|| || ||Ghale, Northern|| || || || || |- !ghk | || ||I/L|| || ||Karen, Geko|| || || || || |- !ghl | || ||I/L|| || ||Ghulfan|| || || || || |- !ghn | || ||I/L|| || ||Ghanongga|| || || || || |- !gho | || ||I/E|| || ||Ghomara|| || || || || |- !ghr | || ||I/L|| || ||Ghera|| || || || || |- !ghs | || ||I/L|| || ||Guhu-Samane|| || || || || |- !ght | || ||I/L|| || ||Ghale, Kutang|| || || || || |- !gia | || ||I/L|| || ||Kitja|| || || || || |- !gib | || ||I/L|| || ||Gibanawa|| || || || || |- !gic | || ||I/L|| || ||Gail|| || || || || |- !gid | || ||I/L|| || ||Gidar|| || || || || |- !gig | || ||I/L|| || ||Goaria|| || || || || |- !gih | || ||I/L|| || ||Githabul|| || || || || |- !gil | ||gil||I/L|| ||taetae ni Kiribati||Gilbertese||kiribati||gilbertés||吉尔伯特语; 基里巴斯语||гильбертский||Kiribatisch |- !gim | || ||I/L|| || ||Gimi (Eastern Highlands)|| || || || || |- !gin | || ||I/L|| || ||Hinukh||hinoukh||hinukh|| || || |- !(gio) | || ||I/L|| || ||Gelao|| || ||苏格兰盖尔语|| || |- !gip | || ||I/L|| || ||Gimi (West New Britain)|| || || || || |- !giq | || ||I/L|| || ||Gelao, Green|| || || || || |- !gir | || ||I/L|| || ||Gelao, Red|| || || || || |- !gis | || ||I/L|| || ||Giziga, North|| || || || || |- !git | || ||I/L|| ||Gitx̱sanimx̱||Gitxsan|| || || || || |- !giu | || ||I/L|| || ||Mulao|| || || || || |- !giw | || ||I/L|| || ||Gelao, White|| || || || || |- !gix | || ||I/L|| || ||Gilima|| || || || || |- !giy | || ||I/L|| || ||Giyug|| || || || || |- !giz | || ||I/L|| || ||Giziga, South|| || || || || |- !gji | || ||I/L|| || ||Geji|| || || || || |- !gjk | || ||I/L|| || ||Koli, Kachi|| || || || || |- !gjm | || ||I/E|| || ||Gunditjmara|| || || || || |- !gjn | || ||I/L|| || ||Gonja|| || || || || |- !gju | || ||I/L|| || ||Gujari|| || || || || |- !gka | || ||I/L|| || ||Guya|| || || || || |- !gke | || ||I/L|| || ||Ndai|| || || || || |- !gkn | || ||I/L|| || ||Gokana|| || || || || |- !gko | || ||I/E|| || ||Kok-Nar|| || || || || |- !gkp | || ||I/L|| || ||Kpelle, Guinea|| || || || || |- !gla |gd||gla||I/L|| ||Gàidhlig||Gaelic (Scots)||gaélique écossais||gaélico escocés|| ||шотландский гэльский||Schottisch-Gälisch |- !glc | || ||I/L|| || ||Bon Gula|| || || || || |- !gld | || ||I/L|| ||нанай||Nanai|| || ||赫哲语; 纳奈语; 那乃语; 戈尔德语||нанайский|| |- !gle |ga||gle||I/L|| ||Gaeilge||Irish||(gaélique) irlandais||irlandés||爱尔兰语||ирландский||Irisch |- !glg |gl||glg||I/L|| ||galego||Galician||galicien||gallego||加利西亚语; 加里西亚语||галисийский||Galicisch |- !glh | || ||I/L|| || ||Pashayi, Northwest|| || || || || |- !gli | || ||I/E|| || ||Guliguli|| || || || || |- !glj | || ||I/L|| || ||Gula Iro|| || || || || |- !glk | || ||I/L|| || ||Gilaki|| || ||吉拉克语|| || |- !gll | || ||I/E|| || ||Garlali|| || || || || |- !glo | || ||I/L|| || ||Galambu|| || || || || |- !glr | || ||I/L|| || ||Glaro-Twabo|| || || || || |- !glu | || ||I/L|| || ||Gula (Chad)|| || || || || |- !glv |gv||glv||I/L|| ||Gaelg||Manx||manx||manés||马恩岛语; 曼岛语||мэнский||Manx |- !glw | || ||I/L|| || ||Glavda|| || || || || |- !gly | || ||I/E|| || ||Gule|| || || || || |- !gma | || ||I/E|| || ||Gambera|| || || || || |- !gmb | || ||I/L|| || ||Gula'alaa|| || || || || |- !gmd | || ||I/L|| || ||Mághdì|| || || || || |- !gmh | ||gmh||I/H|| || ||German, Middle High (ca.1050-1500)||moyen haut allemand|| ||中古高地德语||средневерхненемецкий||Mittelhochdeutsch |- !gml | || ||I/H|| || ||Middle Low German|| || ||中古低地德语|| || |- !gmm | || ||I/L|| || ||Gbaya-Mbodomo|| || || || || |- !gmn | || ||I/L|| || ||Gimnime|| || || || || |- !(gmo) | || ||I/L|| || ||Gamo-Gofa-Dawro|| || || || || |- !gmu | || ||I/L|| || ||Gumalu|| || || || || |- !gmv | || ||I/L|| || ||Gamo|| || || || || |- !gmx | || ||I/L|| || ||Magoma|| || || || || |- !gmy | || ||I/A|| || ||Greek, Mycenaean|| || ||迈锡尼希腊语|| || |- !gmz | || ||I/L|| || ||Mgbolizhia|| || || || || |- !gna | || ||I/L|| || ||Kaansa|| || || || || |- !gnb | || ||I/L|| || ||Gangte|| || || || || |- !gnc | || ||I/E|| || ||Guanche|| || || || ||Guanche |- !gnd | || ||I/L|| || ||Zulgo-Gemzek|| || || || || |- !gne | || ||I/L|| || ||Ganang|| || || || || |- !gng | || ||I/L|| || ||Ngangam|| || || || || |- !gnh | || ||I/L|| || ||Lere|| || || || || |- !gni | || ||I/L|| || ||Gooniyandi|| || || || || |- !gnk | || ||I/L|| || ||//Gana|| || || || || |- !gnl | || ||I/E|| || ||Gangulu|| || || || || |- !gnm | || ||I/L|| || ||Ginuman|| || || || || |- !gnn | || ||I/L|| || ||Gumatj|| || || || || |- !gno | || ||I/L|| || ||Gondi, Northern|| || ||北贡德语|| || |- !gnq | || ||I/L|| || ||Gana|| || || || || |- !gnr | || ||I/E|| || ||Gureng Gureng|| || || || || |- !gnt | || ||I/L|| || ||Guntai|| || || || || |- !gnu | || ||I/L|| || ||Gnau|| || || || || |- !gnw | || ||I/L|| || ||Guaraní, Western Bolivian|| ||guaraní boliviano occidental|| || || |- !gnz | || ||I/L|| || ||Ganzi|| || || || || |- !goa | || ||I/L|| || ||Guro|| || || || || |- !gob | || ||I/L|| || ||Playero|| || || || || |- !goc | || ||I/L|| || ||Gorakor|| || || || || |- !god | || ||I/L|| || ||Godié|| || || || || |- !goe | || ||I/L|| || ||Gongduk||gongdouk|| || || || |- !gof | || ||I/L|| || ||Gofa|| || || || || |- !gog | || ||I/L|| || ||Gogo|| || || ||гого|| |- !goh | ||goh||I/H|| || ||German, Old High (ca.750-1050)||vieux haut allemand|| ||古高地德语||староверхненемецкий||Althochdeutsch |- !goi | || ||I/L|| || ||Gobasi|| || || || || |- !goj | || ||I/L|| || ||Gowlan|| || || || || |- !gok | || ||I/L|| || ||Gowli|| || || || || |- !gol | || ||I/L|| || ||Gola|| || ||果拉语|| || |- !gom | || ||I/L|| ||ಕೊಂಕಣಿ||Konkani, Goan|| || || || || |- !gon | ||gon||M/L|| || ||Gondi||gond||gondi||贡德语||гонди||Gondi |- !goo | || ||I/L|| || ||Gone Dau|| || || || || |- !gop | || ||I/L|| || ||Yeretuar|| || || || || |- !goq | || ||I/L|| || ||Gorap|| || || || || |- !gor | ||gor||I/L|| || ||Gorontalo||gorontalo|| ||哥伦打洛语||горонтало||Gorontalo |- !gos | || ||I/L|| || ||Gronings|| || || || || |- !got | ||got||I/A|| || ||Gothic||gothique||gótico||哥特语; 哥德语||готский||Gotisch |- !gou | || ||I/L|| || ||Gavar|| || || || || |- !gow | || ||I/L|| || ||Gorowa|| || || || || |- !gox | || ||I/L|| || ||Gobu|| || || || || |- !goy | || ||I/L|| || ||Goundo|| || || || || |- !goz | || ||I/L|| || ||Gozarkhani|| || || || || |- !gpa | || ||I/L|| || ||Gupa-Abawa|| || || || || |- !gpe | || ||I/L|| || ||Ghanaian Pidgin English|| || || || || |- !gpn | || ||I/L|| || ||Taiap||taiap|| || || || |- !gqa | || ||I/L|| || ||Ga'anda|| || || || || |- !gqi | || ||I/L|| || ||Guiqiong|| || ||贵琼语|| || |- !gqn | || ||I/E|| || ||Guana (Brazil)|| || || || || |- !gqr | || ||I/L|| || ||Gor|| || || || || |- !gqu | || ||I/L|| || ||Qau|| || || || || |- !gra | || ||I/L|| || ||Garasia, Rajput|| || || || || |- !grb | ||grb||M/L|| || ||Grebo||grebo|| ||格列博语||гребо|| |- !grc | ||grc||I/H|| ||ἑλληνικά||Greek, Ancient (to 1453)||grec ancien||griego antiguo||古典希腊语||древнегреческий||Alt-Griechisch |- !grd | || ||I/L|| || ||Guruntum-Mbaaru|| || || || || |- !grg | || ||I/L|| || ||Madi|| || ||马迪语|| || |- !grh | || ||I/L|| || ||Gbiri-Niragu|| || || || || |- !gri | || ||I/L|| || ||Ghari|| || || || ||Ghari |- !grj | || ||I/L|| || ||Grebo, Southern|| || || || || |- !grm | || ||I/L|| || ||Kota Marudu Talantang|| || || || || |- !grn |gn||grn||M/L|| ||Avañe'ẽ||Guarani||guarani||guaraní||瓜拉尼语||гуарани||Guaraní |- !gro | || ||I/L|| || ||Groma|| || ||亚东语|| || |- !grq | || ||I/L|| || ||Gorovu|| || || || || |- !grr | || ||I/L|| || ||Taznatit|| || || || || |- !grs | || ||I/L|| || ||Gresi|| || || || || |- !grt | || ||I/L|| || ||Garo|| || ||加罗语|| || |- !gru | || ||I/L|| || ||Kistane|| || || || || |- !grv | || ||I/L|| || ||Grebo, Central|| || || || || |- !grw | || ||I/L|| || ||Gweda|| || || || || |- !grx | || ||I/L|| || ||Guriaso|| || || || || |- !gry | || ||I/L|| || ||Grebo, Barclayville|| || || || || |- !grz | || ||I/L|| || ||Guramalum|| || || || || |- !(gsc) | || || || || ||Gascon|| || || || || |- !gse | || ||I/L|| || ||Ghanaian Sign Language|| || ||加纳手语|| ||Ghanische Zeichensprache |- !gsg | || ||I/L|| || ||German Sign Language|| || ||德国手语|| ||Deutsche Zeichensprache |- !gsl | || ||I/L|| || ||Gusilay|| || || || || |- !gsm | || ||I/L|| || ||Guatemalan Sign Language|| || ||危地马拉手语|| ||Guatemala Zeichensprache |- !gsn | || ||I/L|| || ||Gusan|| || || || || |- !gso | || ||I/L|| || ||Southwest Gbaya|| || || || || |- !gsp | || ||I/L|| || ||Wasembo|| || || || || |- !gss | || ||I/L|| || ||Greek Sign Language|| || ||希腊手语|| ||Griechische Zeichensprache |- !gsw | ||gsw||I/L||Indo-European||Schwyzerdütsch, Alemannisch, Elsassisch||Swiss German, Alemannic, Alsatian||suisse alémanique, alémanique, alsacien|| ||瑞士德语||швицердютчь||Schweizerdeutsch, Alamannisch, Elsässerdeutsch |- !gta | || ||I/L|| || ||Guató|| || || || || |- !gti | || ||I/L|| || ||Gbati-ri|| || || || || |- !gtu | || ||I/E|| || ||Aghu-Tharnggala|| || || || || |- !gua | || ||I/L|| || ||Shiki|| || || || || |- !gub | || ||I/L|| || ||Guajajára|| ||guajajára|| || || |- !guc | || ||I/L|| || ||Wayuu|| ||wayúu|| || || |- !gud | || ||I/L|| || ||Dida, Yocoboué|| || || || || |- !gue | || ||I/L|| || ||Gurinji|| || || || || |- !guf | || ||I/L|| || ||Gupapuyngu|| || || || || |- !gug | || ||I/L|| || ||Guaraní, Paraguayan|| ||guaraní paraguayo|| || || |- !guh | || ||I/L|| || ||Guahibo|| || || || || |- !gui | || ||I/L|| || ||Guaraní, Eastern Bolivian|| ||guaraní boliviano oriental|| || || |- !guj |gu||guj||I/L|| ||ગુજરાતી||Gujarati||gujarâtî||guyaratí||古吉拉特语||гуджарати||Gujarati |- !guk | || ||I/L|| || ||Gumuz|| || || || || |- !gul | || ||I/L|| || ||Sea Island Creole English|| || || || || |- !gum | || ||I/L|| || ||Guambiano|| ||guambiano|| || || |- !gun | || ||I/L|| || ||Guaraní, Mbyá|| ||guaraní mbyá|| || || |- !guo | || ||I/L|| || ||Guayabero|| ||guayabero|| || || |- !gup | || ||I/L|| || ||Gunwinggu|| || || || || |- !guq | || ||I/L|| || ||Aché|| ||aché|| || || |- !gur | || ||I/L|| || ||Farefare|| || || || || |- !gus | || ||I/L|| || ||Guinean Sign Language|| || ||几内亚手语|| ||Guineanische Zeichensprache |- !gut | || ||I/L|| || ||Maléku Jaíka|| || || || || |- !guu | || ||I/L|| || ||Yanomamö|| || || || || |- !guv | || ||I/E|| || ||Gey|| || || || || |- !guw | || ||I/L|| || ||Gun||gun|| || || || |- !gux | || ||I/L|| || ||Gourmanchéma|| || || || || |- !guz | || ||I/L|| || ||Gusii|| || || ||гусии|| |- !gva | || ||I/L|| || ||Guana (Paraguay)|| || || || || |- !gvc | || ||I/L|| || ||Guanano|| ||guanano|| || || |- !gve | || ||I/L|| || ||Duwet|| || || || || |- !gvf | || ||I/L|| || ||Golin|| || || || || |- !gvj | || ||I/L|| || ||Guajá|| ||guajá|| || || |- !gvl | || ||I/L|| || ||Gulay|| || || || || |- !gvm | || ||I/L|| || ||Gurmana|| || || || || |- !gvn | || ||I/L|| || ||Kuku-Yalanji|| || || || || |- !gvo | || ||I/L|| || ||Gavião Do Jiparaná|| ||gavião do Jiparaná|| || || |- !gvp | || ||I/L|| || ||Gavião, Pará|| || || || || |- !gvr | || ||I/L|| || ||Gurung, Western|| || || || || |- !gvs | || ||I/L|| || ||Gumawana|| || || || || |- !gvy | || ||I/E|| || ||Guyani|| || || || || |- !gwa | || ||I/L|| || ||Mbato|| || || || || |- !gwb | || ||I/L|| || ||Gwa|| || || || || |- !gwc | || ||I/L|| || ||Kalami|| || || || || |- !gwd | || ||I/L|| || ||Gawwada|| || || || || |- !gwe | || ||I/L|| || ||Gweno|| || || || || |- !gwf | || ||I/L|| || ||Gowro|| || || || || |- !gwg | || ||I/L|| || ||Moo|| || || || || |- !gwi | ||gwi||I/L|| ||Gwich´in||Gwich´in||gwich´in|| ||库臣语|| || |- !gwj | || ||I/L|| || ||/Gwi|| || || || || |- !gwm | || ||I/E|| || ||Awngthim|| || || || || |- !gwn | || ||I/L|| || ||Gwandara|| || || || || |- !gwr | || ||I/L|| || ||Gwere|| || || || || |- !gwt | || ||I/L|| || ||Gawar-Bati|| || || || || |- !gwu | || ||I/E|| || ||Guwamu|| || || || || |- !gww | || ||I/L|| || ||Kwini|| || || || || |- !gwx | || ||I/L|| || ||Gua|| || || || || |- !gxx | || ||I/L|| || ||Wè Southern|| || || || || |- !gya | || ||I/L|| || ||Gbaya, Northwest|| || || || || |- !gyb | || ||I/L|| || ||Garus|| || || || || |- !gyd | || ||I/L|| || ||Kayardild|| || || || || |- !gye | || ||I/L|| || ||Gyem|| || || || || |- !gyf | || ||I/E|| || ||Gungabula|| || || || || |- !gyg | || ||I/L|| || ||Gbayi|| || || || || |- !gyi | || ||I/L|| || ||Gyele|| || || || || |- !gyl | || ||I/L|| || ||Gayil|| |||| || || |- !gym | || ||I/L|| || ||Ngäbere|| ||ngäbere|| || || |- !gyn | || ||I/L|| || ||Guyanese Creole English||créole guyanais|| ||圭亚那克里奥尔英语|| || |- !gyr | || ||I/L|| || ||Guarayu|| ||guarayú|| || || |- !gyy | || ||I/E|| || ||Gunya|| || || || || |- !gza | || ||I/L|| || ||Ganza|| || || || || |- !gzi | || ||I/L|| || ||Gazi|| || || || || |- !gzn | || ||I/L|| || ||Gane|| || || ||гане||Gane | Category:ISO 639.

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Itzgründisch dialect

Itzgründisch is a Main Franconian dialect, which is spoken in the eponymous Itz Valley (German: Itzgrund) and its tributaries of Grümpen, Effelder, Röthen/Röden, Lauter, Füllbach and Rodach, the valleys of the Neubrunn, Biber and the upper Werra and in the valley of Steinach.

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Iwein

Iwein is a Middle High German verse romance by the poet Hartmann von Aue, written around 1203.

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J

J is the tenth letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Jacob Grimm

Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm (4 January 1785 – 20 September 1863) also known as Ludwig Karl, was a German philologist, jurist, and mythologist.

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Jan Długosz

Jan Długosz (1 December 1415 – 19 May 1480), also known as Ioannes, Joannes, or Johannes Longinus or Dlugossius, was a Polish priest, chronicler, diplomat, soldier, and secretary to Bishop Zbigniew Oleśnicki of Kraków.

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Janče

Janče (in older sources and locally also Jančje,Krajevni leksikon Dravske Banovine. 1937. Ljubljana: Zveza za tujski promet za Slovenijo, p. 325.Savnik, Roman, ed. 1971. Krajevni leksikon Slovenije, vol. 2. Ljubljana: Državna založba Slovenije, pp. 361–362. JantschbergIntelligenzblatt zur Laibacher Zeitung, no. 141. 24 November 1849, p. 33.Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 96.) is a dispersed settlement in the hills south of the Sava River east of the capital Ljubljana in central Slovenia.

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Jans der Enikel

Jans der Enikel, i.e. "Jans the Grandson" was a Viennese poet and historian of the late 13th century.

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Jenaer Liederhandschrift

The Jenaer Liederhandschrift (German, the "Jena song manuscript") is a 14th-century manuscript containing lyrics and melodies to songs in Middle High German.

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Jerova Vas

Jerova Vas (Jerova vas, IrrdorfLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 108.) is a formerly independent settlement in the northern part of the town of Grosuplje in central Slovenia.

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Jestädt

Jestädt is a borough of the Municipality (Gemeinde) of Meinhard in the Werra-Meißner-Kreis in the State of Hesse of Germany.

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Jettenbach, Rhineland-Palatinate

Jettenbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district which belongs to the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany.

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Johannes Liechtenauer

Johannes Liechtenauer (also Lichtnauer, Hans Lichtenawer) was a 14th-century German fencing master who had a great level of influence on the German fencing tradition.

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John Canaparius

John Canaparius (Johannes Canaparius) was a Benedictine monk at the Aventine monastery in Rome.

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John/Eleanor Rykener

John Rykener, also known as Eleanor was a 14th-century transvestite sex worker arrested in December 1394 for having—what is now presumed to be—anal sex with another man, one John Britby, in London's Cheapside.

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Joseph Wright (linguist)

Joseph Wright FBA (31 October 1855 – 27 February 1930) was an English philologist who rose from humble origins to become Professor of Comparative Philology at Oxford University.

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Junker

Junker (Junker, Scandinavian: Junker, Jonkheer, Yunker) is a noble honorific, derived from Middle High German Juncherre, meaning "young nobleman"Duden; Meaning of Junker, in German.

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Junker (Prussia)

The Junkers were members of the landed nobility in Prussia.

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Kaiserchronik

The Kaiserchronik (Imperial Chronicle) is a 12th-century chronicle written in 17,283 lines of Middle High German verse.

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Kaiserpfalz

The term Kaiserpfalz ("imperial palace") or Königspfalz ("royal palace", from Middle High German phalze to Old High German phalanza from Middle Latin palatia to Latin palatium "palace") refers to a number of castles and palaces across the Holy Roman Empire that served as temporary, secondary seats of power for the Holy Roman Emperor in the Early and High Middle Ages.

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Kantner

Kantner is a German locational surname, which originally meant a person from places called named Kanten in Prussia or Silesia.

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Karl Bartsch

Karl Friedrich Adolf Konrad Bartsch (25 February 1832, in Sprottau – 19 February 1888, in Heidelberg) was a German medievalist.

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Karl Helm

Karl Helm (full name Karl Hermann Georg Helm, born 19 May 1871 in Karlsruhe, died 9 September 1960 in Marburg) was a German medievalist, Germanist and religious studies scholar.

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Karl Joseph Simrock

Karl Joseph Simrock (August 28, 1802 – July 18, 1876), was a German poet and writer.

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Karl Lachmann

Karl Konrad Friedrich Wilhelm Lachmann (4 March 1793 – 13 March 1851) was a German philologist and critic.

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Karl Weinhold

Karl Gotthelf Jakob Weinhold (26 October 1823, in Reichenbach – 15 August 1901, in Bad Nauheim) was a German folklorist and linguist who specialized in German studies.

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Karl Wolfskehl

Karl Wolfskehl (17 September 1869 – 30 June 1948) was a German Jewish author who wrote poetry, prose and drama in German.

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Köler

Köler is a German occupational surname, which means "charcoal burner", from the Middle High German kol "(char)coal".

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König Ottokars Glück und Ende

König Ottokars Glück und Ende is a tragedy in five acts written by Franz Grillparzer in 1823.

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Königslutter

Königslutter am Elm is a town in the district of Helmstedt in Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Keith (surname)

The surname Keith has several origins.

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Kelch (surname)

Kelch is a surname of German-language origin and may have originated from one of the following meanings.

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Kenning

A kenning (Old Norse pronunciation:, Modern Icelandic pronunciation) is a type of circumlocution, in the form of a compound that employs figurative language in place of a more concrete single-word noun.

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Kießling

Kießling is a German topographic surname, which originally meant a resident of an area of gravelly land, from the Middle High German kiselinc ("gravel").

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Kienzle

Kienzle is a family name originating in the Swabian-speaking areas of Southwestern Germany.

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King Rother

King Rother or König Rother is the earliest Spielmannsdichtung known to historians.

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Kirnbach (Wolfach)

Kirnbach is a village in the municipality of Wolfach in the district of Ortenaukreis, Baden-Württemberg.

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Klavže

Klavže is a settlement in the Bača Valley in the Municipality of Tolmin in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

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Kleine Heidelberger Liederhandschrift

The Kleine Heidelberger Liederhandschift ("Small Heidelberg Song-manuscript") is a collection of Middle High German Minnesang texts.

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Klepper

Klepper is surname of German origin, which derives from the Middle High German word kleppern, meaning "to gossip".

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Klopfer

Klopfer is a German occupational surname, derived from the Middle High German klopfen, meaning "to pound, bang, or hammer", and thus indicating a person in the clothing trade, mining or metal working.

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Kluge's law

Kluge's law is a controversial Proto-Germanic sound law formulated by Friedrich Kluge.

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Knödel

Knödel, or Klöße are boiled dumplings commonly found in Central European and East European cuisine.

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Knight

A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch, bishop or other political leader for service to the monarch or a Christian Church, especially in a military capacity.

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Knott (surname)

The surname Knott has several origins.

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Koblarji

Koblarji (in older sources also Kovlerji,Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 42. Koflern,Ferenc, Mitja. 2007. Nekdanji nemški jezikovni otok na kočevskem. Kočevje: Pokrajinski muzej, p. 4. Gottscheerish: Kowlarn, in de KowlaraPetschauer, Erich. 1980. "Die Gottscheer Siedlungen – Ortsnamenverzeichnis." In Das Jahrhundertbuch der Gottscheer (pp. 181–197). Klagenfurt: Leustik.) is a settlement northwest of Kočevje in southern Slovenia.

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Kolb (surname)

The surname Kolb originates from the Middle High German "kolbe", with various meanings.

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Kollmann

Kollmann is a German occupational surname, which means "coal miner" or "coal seller", from the Middle High German Kol "coal" and Mann "man".

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Konrad von Ammenhausen

Konrad von Ammenhausen (born c. 1300) was a Swiss Benedictine monk and priest at Stein am Rhein.

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Konrad von Würzburg

Konrad von Würzburg (died August 31, 1287) was the chief German poet of the second half of the 13th century.

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Kransberg Castle

Kransberg Castle is situated on a steep rock near Kransberg (incorporated into Usingen in 1971), a village with about 800 inhabitants in the Taunus mountains in the German state of Hesse.

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Kreplach

Kreplach (from קרעפּלעך and קרפלך) are small dumplings filled with ground meat, mashed potatoes or another filling, usually boiled and served in chicken soup, though they may also be served fried.

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Kreuzlingen Abbey

Kreuzlingen Abbey (Stift Kreuzlingen or Kloster Kreuzlingen), in Kreuzlingen in Switzerland, on the border with Germany, was founded in about 1125 by Ulrich I of Dillingen, Bishop of Constance, as a house of Augustinian Canons.

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Krkonoše

The Krkonoše (Czech), Karkonosze (Polish), Riesengebirge (German), Riesageberge (Silesian German) or Giant Mountains, are a mountain range located in the north of the Czech Republic and the south-west of Poland, part of the Sudetes mountain system (part of the Bohemian Massif).

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Krohn

Krohn is the surname of several people.

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Kromberk

Kromberk (Moncorona, Cronberg bei Görz) is a settlement in the City Municipality of Nova Gorica in western Slovenia.

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Kudrun

Kudrun (sometimes known as the Gudrunlied or Gudrun), is an anonymous Middle High German heroic epic.

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Kugel

Kugel (קוגל kugl, pronounced) is a baked pudding or casserole, most commonly made from egg noodles (Lokshen kugel) or potato.

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Kunšperk

Kunšperk (KönigsbergLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 4: Štajersko. 1904. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 14.Snoj, Marko. 2009. Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen. Ljubljana: Modrijan and Založba ZRC, p. 220.) is a settlement on the right bank of the Sotla River in the Municipality of Bistrica ob Sotli in eastern Slovenia.

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Kuppe

A Kuppe is the term used in German-speaking central Europe for a mountain or hill with a rounded summit that has no rock formation, such as a tor, on it.

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Kuressaare

Kuressaare, also known as Arensburg, is a town and a municipality on Saaremaa island in Estonia.

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Lake Constance

Lake Constance (Bodensee) is a lake on the Rhine at the northern foot of the Alps, and consists of three bodies of water: the Obersee or Upper Lake Constance, the Untersee or Lower Lake Constance, and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein.

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Lancelot

Sir Lancelot du Lac (meaning Lancelot of the Lake), alternatively also written as Launcelot and other spellings, is one of the Knights of the Round Table in the Arthurian legend.

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Landfrieden

A Landfrieden or Landfriede (Latin: constitutio pacis, pax instituta or pax jurata) was, under medieval law of the Holy Roman Empire, a contractual waiver by rulers of specified territories of the use of (actually legitimate) force to assert their own legal claims.

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Landstände

The Landstände (singular Landstand) or Landtage (singular Landtag) were the various territorial estates or diets in the Holy Roman Empire in the Middle Ages and the early modern period, as opposed to their respective territorial lords (the Landesherrn).

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Langenstein family

Langenstein is an extinct noble family that came from Langenstein Castle in Melchnau in the Canton of Bern in Switzerland.

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Lanzelet

Lanzelet is a medieval romance written by Ulrich von Zatzikhoven after 1194.

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Las, qu'i non sun sparvir, astur

Oh, to be a sparrow-hawk, a goshawk! I'd fly to my love, Touch her, embrace her, Kiss her lips so soft,Sweeten and soothe our pain.

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Laubach, Cochem-Zell

Laubach is an Ortsgemeinde (a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a collective municipality) in the Cochem-Zell district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Laurin (poem)

Laurin or Der kleine Rosengarten (the Small Rose Garden) is an anonymous Middle High German poem about the legendary hero Dietrich von Bern, the legendary counterpart of the historical Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great.

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Lazăr Șăineanu

Lazăr Șăineanu (also spelled Șeineanu, born Eliezer Schein;Leopold, p.383, 417 Francisized Lazare Sainéan,, Alexandru Mușina,, in România Literară, Nr. 19/2003 or Sainéanu; April 23, 1859 – May 11, 1934) was a Romanian-born philologist, linguist, folklorist and cultural historian.

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Legends about Theoderic the Great

In legends about Theoderic the Great that spread after his death, the Gothic king Theoderic became known as Dietrich von Bern, a king ruling from Verona (Bern) who was forced into exile with the Huns.

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Lehner

Lehner is a surname.

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Leskovec Castle

Leskovec Castle or Turn Castle (Grad Turn, Turn na Vrhu,Kladnik, Drago. 2006. Posavje in Posotelje: A-Ž: enciklopedični priročnik za popotnika. Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, p. 109. Turnska graščina, Šrajbarski turn, Grad Leskovec; Thurn am Hart) is a 15th-century castle north of the village of Leskovec pri Krškem (Municipality of Krško), southeastern Slovenia.

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Letuš

Letuš is a village in the Municipality of Braslovče in northern Slovenia.

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Letzi

A Letzi (plural:Letzinen, also known in German as a Talsperre in the sense of a fortification, not a dam) or Letzimauer refers to defensive barriers whose purpose is to protect the entrance into a valley.

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Leu Braunschweig

HSC Leu 06 Braunschweig, commonly known as Leu Braunschweig, is a German association football club based in Braunschweig, Lower Saxony.

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Leyendecker

Leyendecker is the surname of several people.

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Libeaus Desconus

Libeaus Desconus is a 14th-century Middle English version of the popular "Fair Unknown" story.

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Library of Congress Classification:Class P -- Language and Literature

Class P: Language and Literature is a first order classification in the Library of Congress Classification system.

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Lime tree in culture

The lime tree or Linden (Tilia) is important in the mythology, literature and folklore of a number of cultures.

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Lina Eckenstein

Lina Dorina Johanna Eckenstein (23 September 1857 – 4 May 1931) was a British polymath and historian who was acknowledged as a philosopher and scholar in the women's movement.

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Lingua Ignota

A Lingua Ignota (Latin for "unknown language") was described by the 12th century abbess of Rupertsberg, St. Hildegard of Bingen, OSB, who apparently used it for mystical purposes.

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Liptrot

Liptrot is a German surname of uncertain etymology.

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List of assassinations in fiction

Assassinations have formed a major plot element in various works of fiction.

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List of English words of Polish origin

This is a list English words of Polish origin, that is words used in the English language that were borrowed or derived, either directly or indirectly, from Polish.

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List of English words of Russian origin

This page transcribes Russian (written in Cyrillic script) using the IPA.

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List of English words of Yiddish origin

This is a list of words that have entered the English language from the Yiddish language, many of them by way of American English.

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List of epic poems

This is a list of epic poems.

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List of German words of French origin

This is a list of German words and expressions of French origin.

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List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English

This list contains Germanic elements of the English language which have a close corresponding Latinate form.

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List of Germanic heroes

This is a list of Germanic heroes.

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List of ISO 639-2 codes

ISO 639 is a set of international standards that lists short codes for language names.

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List of languages by first written accounts

This is a list of languages arranged by the approximate dates of the oldest existing texts recording a complete sentence in the language.

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List of Latin-script digraphs

This is a list of digraphs used in various Latin alphabets.

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List of numbers in various languages

The following tables list the cardinal number names and symbols for the numbers 0 through 10 in various languages and scripts of the world.

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List of people from Mainz

This is a list of notable people who were born in or associated with Mainz.

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List of poets

This is an alphabetical list of internationally notable poets.

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List of Portuguese words of Germanic origin

This is a list of Portuguese words that come from Germanic languages.

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List of river name etymologies

This page lists the various etymologies (origins) of the names of rivers around the world.

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List of Spanish words of Germanic origin

This is a list of some Spanish words of Germanic origin.

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List of the most common surnames in Germany

No description.

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Livold

Livold (Lienfeld,Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 38. Gottscheerish: LiəwoldPetschauer, Erich. 1980. "Die Gottscheer Siedlungen – Ortsnamenverzeichnis." In Das Jahrhundertbuch der Gottscheer (pp. 181–197). Klagenfurt: Leustik.) is a village in the Kočevje Polje southeast of the town of Kočevje in southern Slovenia.

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Loden cape

A Loden cape is a coat of Tyrolean origin, made of a thick, water-resistant woolen material with a short pile, first produced by peasants in Austria.

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Low Alemannic German

Low Alemannic (Niederalemannisch) is a branch of Alemannic German, which is part of Upper German.

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Low German

Low German or Low Saxon (Plattdütsch, Plattdüütsch, Plattdütsk, Plattduitsk, Nedersaksies; Plattdeutsch, Niederdeutsch; Nederduits) is a West Germanic language spoken mainly in northern Germany and the eastern part of the Netherlands.

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Luck

Luck is the experience of notably positive, negative, or improbable events.

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Main-Franconian dialects

Main-Franconian (Mainfränkisch) is group of Upper German dialects being part of the East Franconian group.

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Mandel

Mandel is a surname that occurs in multiple cultures and languages.

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Maribor

Maribor (German: Marburg an der Drau) is the second-largest city in Slovenia and the largest city of the traditional region of Lower Styria.

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Mark (unit)

The Mark (from Middle High German: Marc, march, brand) is originally a medieval weight or mass unit, which supplanted the pound weight as a precious metals and coinage weight from the 11th century.

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Martin Opitz

Martin Opitz von Boberfeld (23 December 1597 – 20 August 1639) was a German poet, regarded as the greatest of that nation during his lifetime.

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Matena

Matena is a village in the Municipality of Ig in central Slovenia, just south of the capital Ljubljana.

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Matilda of Tuscany

Matilda of Tuscany (Italian: Matilde di Canossa, Latin: Matilda, Mathilda; 1046 – 24 July 1115) was a powerful feudal Margravine of Tuscany, ruler in northern Italy and the chief Italian supporter of Pope Gregory VII during the Investiture Controversy; in addition, she was one of the few medieval women to be remembered for her military accomplishments, thanks to which she was able to dominate all the territories north of the Church States.

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Matthias Lexer

Matthias Lexer (18 October 1830 – 16 April 1892), later Matthias von Lexer (from 1885), was a German lexicographer, author of the principal dictionary of the Middle High German language, Mittelhochdeutsches Handwörterbuch von Matthias Lexer, completed in 1878 in three volumes.

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Maurice II de Craon

Maurice II de Craon (–1196) was Lord of Craon, Governor of Anjou and Maine under Henry II, a military figure and Anglo-Norman of the century.

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Mässmogge

Mässmogge are thumb-sized, hazelnut praline-filled sugar candies.

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Mülenen Castle

Mülenen Castle and the attached Letzi Mülenen wall are a ruined medieval fortification in the village of Mülenen and municipality of Reichenbach im Kandertal, in the Swiss canton of Bern.

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Müncheberg

Müncheberg is a small town in Märkisch-Oderland, Germany approximately halfway between Berlin and the border with Poland.

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Mechthild of Magdeburg

Mechthild (or Mechtild, Matilda, Matelda) of Magdeburg (c. 1207 – c. 1282/1294), a Beguine, was a Christian medieval mystic, whose book Das fließende Licht der Gottheit (The Flowing Light of Divinity) described her visions of God.

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Media vita in morte sumus

(Latin for "In the midst of life we are in death") is the first line of a Gregorian chant known as "Antiphona pro Peccatis" or "de Morte".

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Medieval German literature

Medieval German literature refers to literature written in Germany, stretching from the Carolingian dynasty; various dates have been given for the end of the German literary Middle Ages, the Reformation (1517) being the last possible cut-off point.

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Medieval literature

Medieval literature is a broad subject, encompassing essentially all written works available in Europe and beyond during the Middle Ages (that is, the one thousand years from the fall of the Western Roman Empire ca. AD 500 to the beginning of the Florentine Renaissance in the late 15th century).

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Meiselberg

The Meiselberg is a hill in the 19th district of Vienna, Döbling.

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Meister Rumelant

Meister Rumelant or Rumslant (c. 1273after 1286 or 1287) was a Middle High German lyric poet.

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Meistersinger

A (German for "master singer") was a member of a German guild for lyric poetry, composition and unaccompanied art song of the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries.

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Mengeš

Mengeš (MannsburgLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 28.) is a settlement in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

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Merbort

Merbort was a medieval German poet whose work is almost entirely lost.

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Merseburg charms

The Merseburg charms or Merseburg incantations (die Merseburger Zaubersprüche) are two medieval magic spells, charms or incantations, written in Old High German.

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Messerschmidt

Messerschmidt or Messerschmitt is an occupational surname of German origin, which means cutler or knifemaker, from the Middle High German words mezzer "knife" + smit "smith".

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MHG

MHG or mhg may refer to.

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Michel (name)

Michel is originally a French name.

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Middle Dutch

Middle Dutch is a collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects (whose ancestor was Old Dutch) spoken and written between 1150 and 1500.

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Middle German

In linguistics, Middle German can refer to two variants of the German language.

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Middle High German verbs

Verbs in Middle High German are divided into strong or weak verbs.

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Middle Low German

Middle Low German or Middle Saxon (ISO 639-3 code gml) is a language that is the descendant of Old Saxon and the ancestor of modern Low German.

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Miklarji

Miklarji (also Miklarje; Brunngeräuth,Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 4. Gottscheerish: Prunngreit) is a small remote settlement in the hills west of Črnomelj in the White Carniola area of southeastern Slovenia.

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Millstatt

Millstatt am See is a market town of the Spittal an der Drau District in Carinthia, Austria.

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Millstatt Abbey

Millstatt Abbey (Stift Millstatt) is a former monastery in Millstatt, Austria.

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Minnesang

Minnesang ("love song") was a tradition of lyric- and song-writing in Germany that flourished in the Middle High German period.

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Mishler

Mishler is a surname first found in Baden.

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Mlaka pri Kočevju

Mlaka pri Kočevju (Kerndorf,Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 42.Ferenc, Mitja. 2007. Nekdanji nemški jezikovni otok na kočevskem. Kočevje: Pokrajinski muzej, p. 4. Gottscheerish: KearndoarfPetschauer, Erich. 1980. "Die Gottscheer Siedlungen – Ortsnamenverzeichnis." In Das Jahrhundertbuch der Gottscheer (pp. 181–197). Klagenfurt: Leustik.) is a settlement north of the town of Kočevje in southern Slovenia.

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Moše

Moše (MoscheLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 56.) is a village on the left bank of the Sava River in the Municipality of Medvode in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

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Monk of Heilsbronn

The Monk of Heilsbronn is the unknown author of some short mystical treatises, written about the beginning of the fourteenth century, at the Cistercian Abbey of Heilsbronn, in Bavaria.

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Mosan art

Mosan art is a regional style of art from the valley of the Meuse in present-day Belgium, the Netherlands, and Germany.

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Moss people

The moss people or moss folk (Moosleute, "moss folk", wilde Leute, "wild folk"), also referred to as the wood people or wood folk (Holzleute, "wood folk") or forest folk (Waldleute, "forest-folk"), are a class of fairy folk, variously compared to dwarves, elves, or spirits, described in the folklore of Germany as having an intimate connection to trees and the forest.

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Moste, Ljubljana

Moste is a former village in the east-central part of Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia.

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Mußbach

The Mußbach is a stream, nearly 12 km long, in the eastern Palatinate Forest and in the Anterior Palatinate region in the south of German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

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Multilingualism

Multilingualism is the use of more than one language, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers.

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Mummers play

Mummers' Plays are folk plays performed by troupes of amateur actors, traditionally all male, known as mummers or guisers (also by local names such as rhymers, pace-eggers, soulers, tipteerers, wrenboys, and galoshins).

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Munich

Munich (München; Minga) is the capital and the most populated city in the German state of Bavaria, on the banks of the River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps.

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Mureck

Mureck (Cmurek, archaic: Cmürek) is a municipality in the district of Südoststeiermark in the Austrian state of Styria.

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Murgleys

Murgleys, or Murgleis (possibly "Death brand") is the sword of Ganelon, a traitorous French (Frankish) count and nemesis to the titular hero of the epic La chanson de Roland (The Song of Roland).

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Muta, Muta

Muta (Hohenmauthen) is the largest settlement and the centre of the Carinthia Statistical Region of northern Slovenia.

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Name of Hungary

Hungary, the name in English for the country of the same name, is an exonym derived from the Medieval Latin Hungaria.

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Names of Germany

Because of Germany's geographic position in the centre of Europe, as well as its long history as a non-united region of distinct tribes and states, there are many widely varying names of Germany in different languages, perhaps more so than for any other European nation.

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Neidhart von Reuental

Neidhart von Reuental (Middle High German: Nîthart von Riuwental; also Her Nîthart; possibly born c. 1190 – died after 1236 or 1237) was one of the most famous German minnesingers.

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Neuner

Neuner is a German occupational surname, which originally meant a person who was on a council of nine members (literally, a "niner"), derived from the Middle High German niun ("nine").

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New High German

New High German (NHG) is the term used for the most recent period in the history of the German language.

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Newt

A newt is a salamander in the subfamily Pleurodelinae, also called eft during its terrestrial juvenile phase.

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Nibelung

The term Nibelung (German) or Niflung (Old Norse) is a personal or clan name with several competing and contradictory uses in Germanic heroic legend.

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Nibelungenklage

Die Nibelungenklage or Die Klage (English: the lament; Middle High German: Diu Klage) is an anonymous Middle High German heroic poem.

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Nibelungenlied

The Nibelungenlied (Middle High German: Der Nibelunge liet or Der Nibelunge nôt), translated as The Song of the Nibelungs, is an epic poem from around 1200 written in Middle High German.

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Nibelungentreue

Nibelungentreue is a German compound noun, literally "Nibelung loyalty", expressing the concept of absolute, unquestioning, excessive and potentially disastrous loyalty to a cause or person.

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Nikolaus von Jeroschin

Nikolaus von Jeroschin (ca. 1290-1341) was a 14th-century German chronicler of the Teutonic Knights in Prussia.

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North Slavic fermented cereal soups

In West Slavic and Hungarian countries, fermented rye or wheat, or sourdough, are used to make soups.

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Northern Bavarian

Northern Bavarian is a dialect of the Bavarian language, together with Central Bavarian and Southern Bavarian.

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Nun bitten wir den Heiligen Geist

"" (We now implore the Holy Ghost) is a German Christian hymn.

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Nuremberg Castle

Nuremberg Castle (Nürnberger Burg) is a group of medieval fortified buildings on a sandstone ridge dominating the historical center of Nuremberg in Bavaria, Germany.

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Oberst (surname)

Oberst is a surname of Germanic origin, having originated as a topographic name for someone who lived in the highest part of a village or on a hillside, from Middle High German obrist, meaning ‘uppermost’ (later oberst), the superlative form of ober.

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Oberstaufenbach

Oberstaufenbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Old High German

Old High German (OHG, Althochdeutsch, German abbr. Ahd.) is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally covering the period from around 700 to 1050.

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Old Polish language

Old Polish language (język staropolski) is the period in the history of the Polish language between the 9th and the 16th centuries, followed by the Middle Polish language.

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Old Saxon phonology

The phonology of Old Saxon mirrors that of the other ancient Germanic languages, and also, to a lesser extent, that of modern West Germanic languages such as English, Dutch, Frisian, German, and Low German.

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Orendel

Orendel is a Middle High German poem, a Spielmannsdichtung, traditionally dated to the end of the 12th century, although the earliest known manuscript (no longer extant) was from 15th century.

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Ortnit

Ornit is the eponymous protagonist of the Middle High German heroic epic Ortnit.

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Otto Behaghel

Otto Behaghel (May 3, 1854 in Karlsruhe – October 9, 1936 in Munich) was a germanist and professor in Heidelberg, Basel, and Gießen.

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Otto II (bishop of Freising)

Otto II (died 17 March 1220), sometimes called Otto von Berg, was the 24th Bishop of Freising from 1184 and, like his predecessor, Otto I, a supporter of the Hohenstaufen monarchs.

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Ougenweide

Ougenweide is a progressive rock band from Germany.

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Pact of Brunnen

The Pact of Brunnen (Bund von Brunnen) is a historical treaty between the cantons of Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, concluded in Brunnen on 9 December 1315.

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Parzival

Parzival is a medieval romance written by the knight-poet Wolfram von Eschenbach in Middle High German.

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Pasch (surname)

Pasch is a German and Swedish surname.

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Pennsylvania German language

Pennsylvania German (Deitsch, Pennsylvania italic, Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch,; often called Pennsylvania Dutch) is a variety of West Central German spoken by the Old Order Amish, Old Order Mennonites and other descendants of German immigrants in the United States and Canada, closely related to the Palatine dialects.

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Peter of Dusburg

Peter of Dusburg (Peter von Dusburg; Petrus de Dusburg; died after 1326), also known as Peter of Duisburg, was a Priest-Brother and chronicler of the Teutonic Knights.

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Philippe de Rémi (died 1265)

Philippe de Rémi (Old French: Phelipe de Remi) (1210–1265) was an Old French poet and trouvère from Picardy, and the bailli of the Gâtinais from 1237 to at least 1249.

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Phonological history of English

The phonological history of English describes the changing phonology of the English language over time, starting from its roots in proto-Germanic to diverse changes in different dialects of modern English.

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Planina, Postojna

Planina is a village in the Municipality of Postojna in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

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Plešivec (Ore Mountains)

The Plešivec (Pleßberg) is one of the mountains over 1,000 metres high in the Ore Mountains of Central Europe and lies on the territory of the Czech Republic.

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Pletzel

A Pletzel or pletzl (Yiddish פלעצל, German Plätzchen, cookie or cracker) is type of Jewish flatbread similar to focaccia.

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Poland (surname)

Poland is an Irish surname that has been Anglicised from MacPoìlin.

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Pontus and Sidonia

Pontus and Sidonia (French: Ponthus et la belle Sidonie or just Ponthus et Sidoine) is a medieval prose romance, originally composed in French in ca.

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Portuguese vocabulary

Most of the Portuguese vocabulary comes from Latin, because Portuguese is a Romance language.

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Prague German

Prague German (German: Prager Deutsch, Czech: Pražská němčina) was the dialect of German spoken in Prague in what is now the Czech Republic.

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Prince-elector

The prince-electors (or simply electors) of the Holy Roman Empire (Kurfürst, pl. Kurfürsten, Kurfiřt, Princeps Elector) were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Proft

Proft is a surname of German origin which is derived as a reduced form from either prophet or provost.

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Pronunciation of v in German

The pronunciation of the letter v is one of the few cases of ambiguity in German orthography.

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Proto-Semitic language

Proto-Semitic is a hypothetical reconstructed language ancestral to the historical Semitic languages.

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Puńców

Puńców (Punzau) is a village in Gmina Goleszów, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, on the border with the Czech Republic.

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Puštal

Puštal (BurgstallLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 64.) is a settlement on the right bank of the Sora River in the Municipality of Škofja Loka in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

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Qntal I

Qntal I is the debut album of the German Darkwave/Gothic rock/Industrial band Qntal.

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Quark (dairy product)

Quark or quarg is a type of fresh dairy product made by warming soured milk until the desired amount of curdling is met, and then straining it.

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Quartz

Quartz is a mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO2.

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Rasch

Rasch is a surname of German origin, which meant a person who was quick or rash, from the Middle High German rasch, meaning "quick", "hot-headed" or "hasty".

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Rübezahl

Guardian Rübezahl (Liczyrzepa, Duch Gór, Karkonosz, Rzepiór, or Rzepolicz; Krkonoš or Krakonoš) is a folklore mountain spirit (woodwose) of the Krkonoše Mountains (Giant Mountains, Riesengebirge, Karkonosze), a mountain range along the border between the historical lands of Bohemia and Silesia.

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Reber

Reber is a last name of German origin.

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Reger

Reger is a German surname, derived from the Middle High German reiger, meaning "heron", likely referring to a tall thin person.

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Reinmar von Zweter

Reinmar von Zweter (also spelled Reymar von Zwetel, Reymar von Zweten, Römer von Zwickau, Ehrenbote, born around 1200 in Zeutern, today known as Ubstadt-Weiher, Germany; died after 1248) was a Middle High German poet of Spruchdichtung.

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Reipoltskirchen

Reipoltskirchen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Reitter

Reitter is a German occupational surname, which means a "mounted soldier" or "knight", from the Middle High German ritære ("horseman").

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Richard Cleasby

Richard Cleasby (1797–1847) was an English philologist, author with Guðbrandur Vigfússon of the first Icelandic-English dictionary.

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Richard Wagner

Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were later known, "music dramas").

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Riddle

A riddle is a statement or question or phrase having a double or veiled meaning, put forth as a puzzle to be solved.

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Ried im Innkreis

Ried im Innkreis is a town in the Austrian state of Upper Austria, approximately west of Linz and north of Salzburg.

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Rifnik

Rifnik is a settlement in the Municipality of Šentjur in eastern Slovenia.

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Ripuarian language

Ripuarian (also Ripuarian Franconian or Ripuarisch Platt) is a German dialect group, part of the West Central German language group.

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Rošpoh, Maribor

Rošpoh (in older sources also Rožpoh,Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 4: Štajersko. 1904. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 204. Rossbach) is a dispersed settlement north of Maribor in northeastern Slovenia.

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Rožna Dolina (Ljubljana)

Rožna Dolina (Rožna dolina) is a formerly independent settlement in the southwest part of the capital Ljubljana in central Slovenia.

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Rožnik (hill)

Rožnik is a hill in the Rožnik District and Šiška District northwest of the Ljubljana city center.

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Robert Stiller

Robert Reuven Stiller (25 January 1928 – 10 December 2016) was a Polish polyglot, writer, poet, translator, and editor.

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Rogerius (physician)

Rogerius (before 1140 – c. 1195), also called Rogerius Salernitanus, Roger Frugard, Roger Frugardi, Roggerio Frugardo, Rüdiger Frutgard and Roggerio dei Frugardi, was a Salernitan surgeon who wrote a work on medicine entitled Practica Chirurgiae ("The Practice of Surgery") around 1180 (sometimes dated earlier to 1170; sometimes later, to 1230).

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Romansh language

Romansh (also spelled Romansch, Rumantsch, or Romanche; Romansh:, rumàntsch, or) is a Romance language spoken predominantly in the southeastern Swiss canton of Grisons (Graubünden), where it has official status alongside German and Italian.

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Rosbach vor der Höhe

Rosbach vor der Höhe is a town in the district of Wetteraukreis, in Hesse, Germany.

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Rosenbluth

Rosenbluth is a German ornamental surname, which means "rose bloom", from the Middle High German rosenbluota.

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Rosengarten zu Worms

Dietrich and Siegfried from a 15th-century manuscript of the ''Rosengarten zu Worms'' Der Rosengarten zu Worms (the rose garden at Worms), sometimes called Der große Rosengarten (the big rose garden) to differentiate it from Der kleine Rosengarten (''Laurin''), and often simply called the Rosengarten, is an anonymous thirteenth-century Middle High German heroic poem in the cycle of Dietrich von Bern.

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Ruckdeschel

Ruckdeschel is a surname of German origin.

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Rudolf Kassner

Rudolf Kassner (1873 – 1 April 1959) was an Austrian writer, essayist, translator and cultural philosopher.

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Saarland

Saarland (das Saarland,; la Sarre) is one of the sixteen states (Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany.

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Sachsenspiegel

The Sachsenspiegel (literally “Saxon Mirror”; Middle Low German: Sassen Speyghel; Sassenspegel) is the most important law book and custumal of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Sadinja Vas, Ljubljana

Sadinja Vas (Sadinja vas, also archaic Zadina Vas,Intelligenzblatt zur Laibacher Zeitung, no. 141. 24 November 1849, p. 21. Sadinawaß) is a settlement in the City Municipality of Ljubljana in central Slovenia.

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Saeldes sanc

Saeldes Sanc is a German Neo-Medieval/Gothic/Folk Project by Hannah Wagner.

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Samo

Samo founded the first recorded political union of Slavic tribes, known as Samo's Empire (realm, kingdom, or tribal union), stretching from Silesia to present-day Slovenia, ruling from 623 until his death in 658.

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Samogitia

Samogitia or Žemaitija (Samogitian: Žemaitėjė; Žemaitija; see below for alternate and historical names) is one of the five ethnographic regions of Lithuania. Žemaitija is located in northwestern Lithuania. Its largest city is Šiauliai. Žemaitija has a long and distinct cultural history, reflected in the existence of the Samogitian dialect.

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Sargenroth

Sargenroth is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Sauerbruch

Sauerbruch is a German surname, which means "sour marsh", from the German sauer ("sour") and the Middle High German bruoch, meaning a "marsh" or stream that often flooded.

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Sächsische Weltchronik

The Sächsische Weltchronik ("Saxon World Chronicle") is a universal history written in vernacular German prose between 1229 and 1277.

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Sängerkrieg

The Sängerkrieg (minstrel contest), also known as the Wartburgkrieg (Wartburg contest), was a contest among minstrels (Minnesänger) at the Wartburg, a castle in Thuringia, Germany, in 1207.

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Süßkind von Trimberg

''Süßkind, der Jude von Trimberg'' (Süsskind, the Jew of Trimberg), portrait from the ''Codex Manesse''. Süßkind von Trimberg (or Susskind of Trimberg) is given as the author of six poems in the Codex Manesse.

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Schaeffer (surname)

Schaeffer is a distinguished surname, German in origin.

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Schön

Schön is a German surname, which means handsome or beautiful, from the Middle High German schoene, meaning "beautiful", "friendly", "nice".

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Schöpfer

Schöpfer or Schoepfer is a German topographic name, which means a person who lived by or in a shed, from the Middle High German schopf ("shed").

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Schellweiler

Schellweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Schilcher (wine)

Schilcher is a wine produced solely in the Austrian region of Western Styria (Weststeiermark) and Southern Burgenland (Südburgenland), in the districts of Deutschlandsberg and Voitsberg, sharing a border with Slovenia and Carinthia to the south and west.

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Schimpf

Schimpf is a German surname, which originally meant a humorous or playful person, from the Middle High German schimpf, meaning "play" or "amusement".

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Schluchsee

The Schluchsee is a reservoir lake in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, southeast of the Titisee in the Black Forest near Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.

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Schmaltz

Schmaltz (also spelled schmalz or shmalz) is rendered (clarified) chicken or goose fat used for frying or as a spread on bread in Central European cuisine, and in the United States, particularly identified with Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine.

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Schnitzel

A schnitzel is meat, usually thinned by pounding with a meat tenderizer, that is fried in some kind of oil or fat.

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Schnorbach

Schnorbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Schultheiß

In medieval Germany, the Schultheiß was the head of a municipality (akin to today's office of mayor), a Vogt or an executive official of the ruler.

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Schweizerisches Idiotikon

Schweizerisches Idiotikon ("the Swiss idioticon", also known as Wörterbuch der schweizerdeutschen Sprache "Dictionary of the Swiss German language") is an ongoing, major project of lexicography of the Swiss German dialects.

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Shafran

Shafran is an anglicized surname which derives from Polish szafran, Russian шафран (šafran), and Yiddish shafran, all meaning "saffron".

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Sheepshead (card game)

Sheepshead or Sheephead is a trick-taking card game related to the Skat family of games.

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Sigenot

Sigenot is an anonymous Middle High German poem about the legendary hero Dietrich von Bern, the legendary counterpart of the historical Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great.

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Sigurd

Sigurd (Old Norse: Sigurðr) or Siegfried (Middle High German: Sîvrit) is a legendary hero of Germanic mythology, who killed a dragon and was later murdered.

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Silesian German

Silesian German (Silesian German: Schläsche Sproache or Schläs'sche Sproche, Schlesisch) or Lower Silesian is a nearly extinct German dialect spoken in Silesia.

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Sintering

Clinker nodules produced by sintering Sintering is the process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by heat or pressure without melting it to the point of liquefaction.

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Siskin

The name siskin when referring to a bird is derived from an adaptation of the German dialect words sisschen, zeischen, which are diminutive forms of Middle High German (zîsec) and Middle Low German (ziseke, sisek) words, which are themselves apparently of Slavic origin.

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Sostro

Sostro (SostruLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna.) is a formerly independent settlement in the eastern part of the capital Ljubljana in central Slovenia.

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South Bergish

South Bergish (German: Südbergische Dialekte) or Upper Bergish (German: Oberbergische Dialekte) is a group of German dialects of the Bergisches Land Region East of the Rhine and approximately south of the Wupper and north of the Sieg.

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Southern Bavarian

Southern Bavarian, or Southern Austro-Bavarian, is a cluster of Upper German dialects of the Bavarian group.

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Spencer (surname)

Spencer (also Spence, Spender, Spens, and Spenser) is a surname, representing the court title dispenser, or steward.

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Sperber (surname)

Sperber is a German surname, which means "sparrowhawk", from the Middle High German sperwære and was a name for a small but belligerent person.

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Spherical Earth

The earliest reliably documented mention of the spherical Earth concept dates from around the 6th century BC when it appeared in ancient Greek philosophy but remained a matter of speculation until the 3rd century BC, when Hellenistic astronomy established the spherical shape of the Earth as a physical given.

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Spielmann

Spielmann or Spielman is a German occupational surname, which means "jester", from the Middle High German spilære.

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Spielmannsdichtung

The Spielmannsdichtung or Spielmannsepik (or -epos) is a proposed genre, now generally deprecated, of Middle High German literature, specifically the lyric poetry (Dichtung) or epic (Epik or Epos) of wandering minstrels (Spielmannen) of the twelfth century.

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Spodnja Kapla

Spodnja Kapla is a dispersed settlement in the hills north of the Drava River in the Municipality of Podvelka in Slovenia, close to the border with Austria.

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Spodnje Pirniče

Spodnje Pirniče (UnterpirnitschLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 114.) is a village on the left bank of the Sava River in the Municipality of Medvode in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

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Spodnji Porčič

Spodnji Porčič is a settlement in the Slovene Hills (Slovenske gorice) in the Municipality of Lenart in northeastern Slovenia.

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Spruchdichtung

Spruchdichtung or Sangspruchdichtung is the German term for a genre of Middle High German sung verse.

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Srobotnik, Dolenjske Toplice

Srobotnik (Gutenberg,Ferenc, Mitja. 2007. Nekdanji nemški jezikovni otok na kočevskem. Kočevje: Pokrajinski muzej, p. 4. sometimes Guttenberg, Gottscheerish: LiəlochpargəlPetschauer, Erich. 1980. "Die Gottscheer Siedlungen – Ortsnamenverzeichnis." In Das Jahrhundertbuch der Gottscheer (pp. 181–197). Klagenfurt: Leustik.) is a remote abandoned settlement in the Municipality of Dolenjske Toplice in southern Slovenia.

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Stahleck Castle

Stahleck Castle is a 12th-century fortified castle in the Upper Middle Rhine Valley at Bacharach in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Standard German phonology

The phonology of Standard German is the standard pronunciation or accent of the German language.

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Starck

Starck is a German surname, which means a strong, bold person, from the Middle High German starke, meaning "strong" or "brave".

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Stari Tabor

Stari Tabor (Alttabor,Ferenc, Mitja. 2007. Nekdanji nemški jezikovni otok na kočevskem. Kočevje: Pokrajinski muzej, p. 4. Gottscheerish: AutrtawrPetschauer, Erich. 1980. "Die Gottscheer Siedlungen – Ortsnamenverzeichnis." In Das Jahrhundertbuch der Gottscheer (pp. 181–197). Klagenfurt: Leustik. or AotrtawrSimonič, Ivan. 1935. "Kočevarji v luči krajevnih in ledinskih imen." Glasnik Muzejskega društva za Slovenijo 16: 61–81 and 106–123, p. 76.) is a remote abandoned settlement in the Municipality of Semič in southern Slovenia.

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Stauffer

Stauffer (also commonly spelled "Stouffer" and "Stover" in North America) is a German surname, the origin of which derives from the Proto-German word staupa, meaning "steep." Staupa and its Middle High German descendant, stouf, evolved to mean, among other things, a steep hill or mountain.

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Stäbler

Stäbler or Staebler is a German occupational surname, which means an official who carries a staff as a symbol of office, from the Middle High German stebelære.

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Steckelberg Castle

Steckelberg Castle (Burg Steckelberg) is a ruined hill castle near Ramholz, in the borough of the East Hessian town of Schlüchtern in Germany.

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Stellwagen

Stellwagen is a German occupational surname, which means "cart-maker" or "cartwright", from the Middle High German stelle ("cart") and wagen ("wagon").

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Steward (office)

A steward is an official who is appointed by the legal ruling monarch to represent them in a country, and may have a mandate to govern it in their name; in the latter case, synonymous with the position of regent, vicegerent, viceroy (for Romance languages), governor, or deputy (the Roman rector, praefectus or vicarius).

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Steyr

Steyr is a statutory city, located in the Austrian federal state of Upper Austria.

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Stockdorf

Stockdorf is the largest district in the municipality of Gauting in the District of Starnberg in upper Bavaria, Germany and is inhabited by approximately 4,000 citizens.

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Stročja Vas

Stročja Vas (Stročja vas, in older sources also Stročja Ves,Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 4: Štajersko. 1904. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 184. Schützendorf) is a village in the Municipality of Ljutomer in northeastern Slovenia.

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Strudel

A strudel is a type of layered pastry with a filling that is usually sweet.

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Studeno, Kočevje

Studeno (Brunnsee,Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 38.Ferenc, Mitja. 2007. Nekdanji nemški jezikovni otok na kočevskem. Kočevje: Pokrajinski muzej, p. 4. Gottscheerish: Sheab, PrunnsheabPetschauer, Erich. 1980. "Die Gotscheer Siedlungen – Ortsnamenverzeichnis." In Das Jahrhundertbuch der Gottscheer (pp. 181–197). Klagenfurt: Leustik.) is a remote abandoned settlement in the Municipality of Kočevje in southern Slovenia.

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Stuffo

Stuffo is the name of a supposed Germanic god, who originates from various late medieval legends from Germany related to Saint Boniface.

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Subscript and superscript

A subscript or superscript is a character (number, letter or symbol) that is (respectively) set slightly below or above the normal line of type.

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Susskind

Susskind (German Süßkind "sweet child", variants Suskind, Suskin, Ziskind, Ziskin, etc.) is a Jewish surname of German origin.

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Sveto

Sveto (Sutta) is a village northwest of Komen in the Littoral region of Slovenia.

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Swabia

Swabia (Schwaben, colloquially Schwabenland or Ländle; in English also archaic Suabia or Svebia) is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany.

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Swabian German

Swabian is one of the dialect groups of Alemannic German that belong to the High German dialect continuum.

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Swabian-Alemannic Fastnacht

The Swabian-Alemannic Fastnacht, Fasnacht (in Switzerland) or Fasnat/Faschnat (in Vorarlberg), is the pre-Lenten carnival in Alemannic folklore in Switzerland, southern Germany, Alsace and Vorarlberg.

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Swiss German

Swiss German (Standard German: Schweizerdeutsch, Schwyzerdütsch, Schwiizertüütsch, Schwizertitsch Mundart,Because of the many different dialects, and because there is no defined orthography for any of them, many different spellings can be found. and others) is any of the Alemannic dialects spoken in the German-speaking part of Switzerland and in some Alpine communities in Northern Italy bordering Switzerland.

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Symbel

Symbel (OE) and sumbl (ON) are Germanic terms for "feast, banquet".

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Tannhäuser

Tannhäuser (Middle High German: Tanhûser) was a German Minnesinger and poet.

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Tauberbischofsheim

Tauberbischofsheim (East Franconian: Bischem) is a German town in the north-east of Baden-Württemberg on the river Tauber with a population of about 13,200.

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Teller (surname)

Teller is the name of.

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The Great Sermon Handicap

"The Great Sermon Handicap" is a short story by P. G. Wodehouse, and features the young gentleman Bertie Wooster and his valet Jeeves.

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The Metamorphosis

The Metamorphosis (Die Verwandlung) is a novella written by Franz Kafka which was first published in 1915.

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The Moon Lay Hidden Beneath a Cloud

The Moon Lay Hidden Beneath a Cloud (styled The Moon lay hidden beneath a Cloud) was an Austrian musical duo composed of Albin Julius and Alzbeth.

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The Song of Roland

The Song of Roland (La Chanson de Roland) is an epic poem (Chanson de geste) based on the Battle of Roncevaux Pass in 778, during the reign of Charlemagne.

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Theoderic the Great

Theoderic the Great (454 – 30 August 526), often referred to as Theodoric (*𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃,, Flāvius Theodericus, Teodorico, Θευδέριχος,, Þēodrīc, Þjōðrēkr, Theoderich), was king of the Ostrogoths (475–526), ruler of Italy (493–526), regent of the Visigoths (511–526), and a patricius of the Roman Empire.

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Theodiscus

Theodiscus is a Medieval Latin term literally meaning "popular" or "of the people".

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Theodoric

Theodoric is a Germanic given name.

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Thomas of Britain

Thomas of Britain was a poet of the 12th century.

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Thomasin von Zirclaere

Thomasin von Zirclaere, also called Thomasîn von Zerclaere or Tommasino Di Cerclaria (c. 1186 – c. 1235) was an Italian Middle High German lyric poet.

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Three Equals for four trombones, WoO 30

The Three Equals for four trombones, WoO 30 (German: Drei Equale für vier Posaunen), are three short equals for trombones by Ludwig van Beethoven.

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Titurel

Titurel is a fragmentary Middle High German romance written by Wolfram von Eschenbach after 1217.

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Toros Roslin

Toros Roslin; circa 1210–1270) was the most prominent Armenian manuscript illuminator in the High Middle Ages.Parry, 399 Roslin introduced a wider range of narrative in his iconography based on his knowledge of western European art while continuing the conventions established by his predecessors. Roslin enriched Armenian manuscript painting by introducing new artistic themes such as the Incredulity of Thomas and Passage of the Red Sea. In addition he revived the genre of royal portraits, the first Cilician royal portraits having been found in his manuscripts. His style is characterized by a delicacy of color, classical treatment of figures and their garments, an elegance of line, and an innovative iconography. The human figures in his illustrations are rendered full of life, representing different emotional states. Roslin's illustrations often occupy the entire surface of the manuscript page and at times only parts of it, in other cases they are incorporated in the texts in harmony with the ensemble of the decoration.

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Tournament (medieval)

A tournament, or tourney (from Old French torneiement, tornei) was a chivalrous competition or mock fight in Europe in the Middle Ages and Renaissance (12th to 16th centuries).

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Trabant

The Trabant is an automobile which was produced from 1957 to 1990 by former East German car manufacturer VEB Sachsenring Automobilwerke Zwickau. Although it is often seen as symbolic of the defunct East Germany and the collapse of the Eastern Bloc in general, it was a sought-after car in East Germany before the fall of the Berlin Wall. The Trabant had a hard plastic body mounted on a one-piece steel chassis (a so-called unibody or monocoque), front-wheel drive, a transverse engine, and independent suspension unusual features at that time. Called "a spark plug with a roof", 3,096,999 Trabants in a number of models were produced over nearly three decades with few significant changes in their basic design. Older models became popular with collectors in the United States due to their low cost and fewer restrictions on the importation of antique cars. The Trabant also gained a following among car tuning and rally racing enthusiasts.

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Transylvania

Transylvania is a historical region in today's central Romania.

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Trata (Ljubljana)

Trata is a former settlement in central Slovenia in the northwest part of the capital Ljubljana.

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Triphthong

In phonetics, a triphthong (from Greek τρίφθογγος, "triphthongos", literally "with three sounds," or "with three tones") is a monosyllabic vowel combination involving a quick but smooth movement of the articulator from one vowel quality to another that passes over a third.

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Troll

A troll is a class of being in Norse mythology and Scandinavian folklore.

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Trump (surname)

Trump is a surname of English and German origin.

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Turnišče

Turnišče (Bántornya, Prekmurje Slovene: Törnišče,Snoj, Marko. 2009. Etimološki slovar slovenskih zemljepisnih imen. Ljubljana: Modrijan and Založba ZRC, pp. 442–443. Turnitz) is a town in Slovenia.

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Typographic ligature

In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined as a single glyph.

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Udin Woods

The Udin Woods (Udin boršt) is one of the oldest glacial terraces in the Ljubljana Basin.

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Ulrich

Ulrich, is a German given name, derived from Old High German Uodalrich, Odalric.

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Ulrich Boner

Ulrich Boner, or Bonerius, (fl. early 14th century), was a German-speaking Swiss writer of fable.

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Ulrich von Liechtenstein

Ulrich von Liechtenstein (ca. 1200 – 26 January 1275) was a German minnesinger and poet of the Middle Ages.

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Ulrich von Zatzikhoven

Ulrich von Zatzikhoven was the author of the Middle High German Arthurian romance Lanzelet.

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Under der linden

"Under der linden" is a famous poem written by the medieval German lyric poet Walther von der Vogelweide.

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Unterseen

Unterseen is a historic town and a municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

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Urbarium

An urbarium (Urbar, English: urbarium, also rental or rent-roll, urbár, urbárium), is a register of fief ownership and includes the rights and benefits that the fief holder has over his serfs and peasants.

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Uwe Johnson

Uwe Johnson (20 July 1934 – 22 February 1984) was a German writer, editor, and scholar.

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Vavpča Vas pri Dobrniču

Vavpča Vas pri Dobrniču (Vavpča vas pri Dobrniču) is a settlement in the Municipality of Trebnje in eastern Slovenia.

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Völsung

In Norse mythology, Völsung (Vǫlsungr) was the son of Rerir and the eponymous ancestor of the ill-fortuned Völsung clan (Vǫlsungar), which includes the well known Norse hero Sigurð.

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Völsung Cycle

The Völsung Cycle is a series of legends in Norse mythology that were first recorded in medieval Iceland, but which were also known (as carvings show) in Sweden, Norway, England and (perhaps) the Isle of Man.

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Völsunga saga

The Völsunga saga (often referred to in English as the Volsunga Saga or Saga of the Völsungs) is a legendary saga, a late 13th century Icelandic prose rendition of the origin and decline of the Völsung clan (including the story of Sigurd and Brynhild and destruction of the Burgundians).

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Vehmic court

The Vehmic courts, Vehmgericht, holy vehme, or simply Vehm, also spelt Feme, Vehmegericht, Fehmgericht, are names given to a "proto-vigilante" tribunal system of Westphalia in Germany active during the later Middle Ages, based on a fraternal organisation of lay judges called “free judges” (Freischöffen or francs-juges).

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Verd

Verd (in older sources also Vrd,Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 120. Werd) is a settlement south of Vrhnika in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.

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Vižmarje

Vižmarje (WischmarjeIntelligenzblatt zur Laibacher Zeitung, no. 141. 24 November 1849, p. 20.Leksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 114.) is a formerly independent settlement in the northern part of the capital Ljubljana in central Slovenia.

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Viennese German

Viennese German (Weanarisch, Weanerisch, Wienerisch) is the city dialect spoken in Vienna, the capital of Austria, and is counted among the Bavarian dialects.

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Vincke family

Vincke is the name of a Westphalian noble family.

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Virginal (poem)

Virginal, also known as Dietrichs erste Ausfahrt (Dietrich's first quest), or Dietrich und seine Gesellen (Dietrich and his companions) is an anonymous Middle High German poem about the legendary hero Dietrich von Bern, the legendary counterpart of the historical Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great.

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Virmaše

Virmaše (ErmernLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 62.) is a settlement in the Municipality of Škofja Loka in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

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Visio Tnugdali

The Visio Tnugdali ("Vision of Tnugdalus") is a 12th-century religious text reporting the otherworldly vision of the Irish knight Tnugdalus (later also called "Tundalus", "Tondolus" or in English translations, "Tundale").

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Voiceless alveolar fricative

A voiceless alveolar fricative is a type of fricative consonant pronounced with the tip or blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (gum line) just behind the teeth.

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Voiceless postalveolar fricative

Voiceless fricatives produced in the postalveolar region include the voiceless palato-alveolar fricative, the voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative, the voiceless retroflex fricative, and the voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative.

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Volkwin Schenk

Volkwin von Naumburg zu Winterstätten (also Wolquin, Folkwin, Folkvin, Wolguinus, Wolgulin, Middle High German: Volkewîn; died 22 September 1236) was the Master (Herrmeister) of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword from 1209 to 1236.

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Vossem, Germany

Vossem is a quarter of the German municipality of Gerderath inhabited on March 31, 2013 by 68 people.

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Vowel length

In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound.

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W

W (named double-u,Pronounced plural double-ues) is the 23rd letter of the modern English and ISO basic Latin alphabets.

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Walchensee

Walchensee or Lake Walchen is one of the deepest and largest alpine lakes in Germany, with a maximum depth of and an area of.

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Waldstätte

Waldstätte ("forested sites") is a term, which has been used since the early thirteenth century to refer to the Stätte (singular: Statt, "sites"), or later Ort (plural: Orte, "lieu") or Stand (plural: Stände, "estate") of the early confederate allies of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden in Central Switzerland.

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Walhalla memorial

The Walhalla is a hall of fame that honors laudable and distinguished people in German history – "politicians, sovereigns, scientists and artists of the German tongue";Official Guide booklet, 2002, p. 3 thus the celebrities honored are drawn from Greater Germany, a wider area than today's Germany, and even as far away as Britain in the case of several Anglo-Saxons who are honored.

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Walhaz

*Walhaz is a reconstructed Proto-Germanic word meaning "foreigner", "stranger", "Roman", "Romance-speaker", or "Celtic-speaker".

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Walker (surname)

Walker is an English and German surname derived from either a fuller, from the Middle High German walker, meaning "a fuller of cloth", or an officer whose duty consisted of walking or inspecting a certain part of a forest.

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Walser German

Walser German (Walserdeutsch) and Walliser German (Walliserdeutsch, locally Wallisertiitsch) form a group of Highest Alemannic dialects spoken in parts of Switzerland (Valais, Ticino, Grisons), Italy (Piedmont, Aosta Valley), Liechtenstein, and Austria (Vorarlberg).

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Walter of Aquitaine

Walter of Aquitaine is a legendary king of the Visigoths.

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Walther von der Vogelweide

Walther von der Vogelweide (c. 1170 – c. 1230) was a Minnesänger, who composed and performed love-songs and political songs ("Sprüche") in Middle High German.

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Wanderlust

Wanderlust is a strong desire for or impulse to wander or travel and explore the world.

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Wasgau

The Wasgau (Wasgau, Vasgovie) is a Franco-German hill range in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate and the French departments of Bas-Rhin and Moselle.

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Wähe

The term Wähe (which derives from the dialect in the regions of Basel, Zurich, Baden and Alsace) refers to a flat cake typical of the Swiss and Alemannic cuisine.

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Weibersbrunn

Weibersbrunn is a community with a population of close to 2,000 in the Aschaffenburg district in the Regierungsbezirk of Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) in Bavaria, Germany.

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Weidemann

Weidemann is a German family name and may be deduced from the Middle High German terms for hunter or woad farmer.

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Weiss (surname)

Weiss or Weiß, also written Weisz (q.v.) is a German, Austrian, Swiss German, German Jewish, Austrian Jewish, and Swiss Jewish surname meaning 'white' or 'knows'.

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Weitnau

Weitnau is a municipality in the rural district Oberallgäu in Bavaria/Germany.

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Welsh (surname)

Welsh is a surname from the Anglo-Saxon language given to the Celtic Britons.

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Werewolf

In folklore, a werewolf (werwulf, "man-wolf") or occasionally lycanthrope (λυκάνθρωπος lukánthrōpos, "wolf-person") is a human with the ability to shapeshift into a wolf (or, especially in modern film, a therianthropic hybrid wolflike creature), either purposely or after being placed under a curse or affliction (often a bite or scratch from another werewolf).

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Weser Renaissance

Weser Renaissance is a form of Renaissance architectural style that is found in the area around the River Weser in central Germany and which has been well preserved in the towns and cities of the region.

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West Germanic languages

The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three branches of the Germanic family of languages (the others being the North Germanic and the extinct East Germanic languages).

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Western jackdaw

The western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula), also known as the Eurasian jackdaw, European jackdaw, or simply jackdaw, is a passerine bird in the crow family.

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Wiesloch

Wiesloch (locally), is a city in Germany, in northern Baden-Württemberg.

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Wigand of Marburg

Wigand of Marburg (Wigand von Marburg)Note that von Marburg is a purely descriptive title added to his original name of Wigand by later historians, rather than a proper surname.

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Wilhelm Konrad Hermann Müller

Wilhelm Konrad Hermann Müller (27 May 1812, Holzminden – 4 January 1890, Göttingen) was a philologist of Germanic studies.

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Wilhoite

The surname Wilhoite is of German origin.

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Willehalm

Willehalm is an unfinished Middle High German poem from the early 13th century, written by the poet Wolfram von Eschenbach.

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Willibald Hentschel

Willibald Hentschel (born 7 November 1858 in Łódź - died 2 February 1947 in Berg, Upper Bavaria) was a German agrarian and volkisch writer and political activist.

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Wolfdietrich

Wolfdietrich is the eponymous protagonist of the Middle High German heroic epic Wolfdietrich.

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Wolfger von Erla

Wolfger von Erla (c. 1140 – 23 January 1218), was the Bishop of Passau from 1191 until 1204, when he became Patriarch of Aquileia.

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Woog

A woog (from wâc, a Middle High German hydronym) is the local name for a body of still water in parts of southwest Germany.

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Woppenroth

Woppenroth is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district) in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

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Worms, Germany

Worms is a city in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, situated on the Upper Rhine about south-southwest of Frankfurt-am-Main.

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Wrocław

Wrocław (Breslau; Vratislav; Vratislavia) is the largest city in western Poland.

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Wschowa

Wschowa (Fraustadt) is a town in the Lubusz Voivodeship in Poland with 14,607 inhabitants (2004).

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Wymysorys language

Wymysorys (Wymysiöeryś), also known as Vilamovian or Wilamowicean, is a variety of High German, spoken in the small town of Wilamowice, Poland (Wymysoü in Wymysorys), on the border between Silesia and Lesser Poland, near Bielsko-Biała.

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Wyss

Wyss is an Alemannic form of the German surname Weiß used predominantly in Switzerland.

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Yekke

A yekke (also Jecke) is a Jew of German-speaking origin.

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Yes and no

Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage, are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.

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Yeshivish

Yeshivish, also known as Yeshiva English or "Yeshivisheh Shprach", is a sociolect of English spoken by Yeshiva students and other Jews with a strong connection to the Orthodox Yeshiva world.

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Yid

The word Yid (ייִד) is a slang Jewish ethnonym of Yiddish origin.

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Yiddish

Yiddish (ייִדיש, יידיש or אידיש, yidish/idish, "Jewish",; in older sources ייִדיש-טײַטש Yidish-Taitsh, Judaeo-German) is the historical language of the Ashkenazi Jews.

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Yiddish dialects

Yiddish dialects are variants of the Yiddish and are divided according to the region in Europe where each developed its distinctiveness.

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Yiddish literature

Yiddish literature encompasses all those belles-lettres written in Yiddish, the language of Ashkenazic Jewry which is related to Middle High German.

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Yiddish phonology

— There is significant phonological variation among the various Yiddish dialects.

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Ywain

Sir Ywain, also called Yvain, Owain, Uwain, or Ewain, is a knight of the Round Table in Arthurian legend, wherein he is often the son of King Urien of Gorre and the sorceress Morgan le Fay.

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Z

Z (named zed or zee "Z", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "zee", op. cit.) is the 26th and final letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Zürcher Murren

Zürcher Murren, also called pain bernois, Bernerweggen, Spitzweggen, geschnittene Weggli or Zackenweggen are a type of bread roll traditionally made in the German-speaking part of Switzerland and, more rarely, in the Romandy.

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Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur

The Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur (commonly abbreviated ZfdA) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of German studies with emphasis on the older periods.

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Zeldin

Zeldin is an eastern Ashkenazic matronymic surname derived from the combination of the Yiddish female personal name Zelde (from the Middle High German word sælde meaning either ‘fortunate’, ‘blessed’, or 'happiness'.) + the eastern Slavic possessive suffix -in.

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Zgornja Kapla

Zgornja Kapla is a dispersed settlement in the hills north of the Drava River in the Municipality of Podvelka in Slovenia, on the border with Austria.

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Zgornje Pirniče

Zgornje Pirniče (OberpirnitschLeksikon občin kraljestev in dežel zastopanih v državnem zboru, vol. 6: Kranjsko. 1906. Vienna: C. Kr. Dvorna in Državna Tiskarna, p. 114.) is a settlement in the Municipality of Medvode in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia.

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Zgornji Porčič

Zgornji Porčič is a settlement in the Municipality of Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah in northeastern Slovenia.

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Zipser German

Zipser German (German: Zipserisch, Zipserdeutsch, Hungarian: szepességi szász nyelv or cipszer nyelv) is a Germanic dialect which developed in the Upper Zips region of what is now Slovakia among people who settled there from central Germany beginning in the 13th century.

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Zucht und Ordnung

Zucht und Ordnung is a German term, literally meaning 'discipline and order', in some ways paralleled by the English phrase law and order.

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Zuffolo

Zuffolo (also chiufolo, ciufolo) is an Italian fipple flute.

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Zweibrücken

Zweibrücken (Deux-Ponts, Palatinate German: Zweebrigge) is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Schwarzbach river.

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Zwing und Bann

Zwing (or Twing) und Bann is a Swiss feudal set of rules and regulations governing justice and punishment in a village or villages.

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1170s in poetry

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

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1203 in poetry

No description.

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1210 in poetry

No description.

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1230 in poetry

No description.

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12th century in poetry

No description.

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14th century in poetry

No description.

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9910 Vogelweide

9910 Vogelweide, provisional designation, is a stony Koronian asteroid and elongated slow rotator from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers in diameter.

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Redirects here:

Gmh, High Middle German, ISO 639:gmh, Mhd., Mhdbdb, Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500), Middle High German language, Middle High German language (ca. 1050-1500), Mittelhochdeutsch.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_High_German

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