Communication

1699 relations: A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., A. H. Wheeler, A. L. Erlanger, Aalborg, Aaron Clark, Ab Saunders, Abbas Helmi I of Egypt, Abbey River, ABC Learning, Abnormal profit, Abuse, Academic journal publishing reform, Access to medicines, Accounting networks and associations, Acquisition of NBC Universal by Comcast, Act of War: Direct Action, Adak, Alaska, Adam Smith, Adlai Stevenson I, Adler-Apotheke, Afghan Wireless, Agreement for the Control of Opium Smoking in the Far East, Agricultural cooperatives in Norway, Agriculture in Cuba, Agriculture in Madagascar, Agriculture in Saudi Arabia, Agriculture in Senegal, Agriculture in Vietnam, Agropatria, Agustín Fernando Muñoz, Duke of Riánsares, Air Ferry Limited, Air Inter, Air Mali (1960–89), Air Zaïre, Airline deregulation, Al Bahah, Al Hayman, Al Jazeera effect, Alaska boundary dispute, Alaska Packers' Association, Albani Brewery, Albert M. Todd, Albert Piddington, Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission, Alcohol law, Alcohol laws of West Virginia, Alejandro Ramírez (economist), Alessandro Valignano, Alexander Cameron Rutherford, Alexander Henry the elder, ..., Alfred Oppenheim (chemist), Alfredo Elías Ayub, Ali Shariati, All-Channel Receiver Act, Allgemeiner Deutscher Nachrichtendienst, Allocative efficiency, Altadis, AlterNIC, Altice Portugal, Amasa Stone, Ambundu, American Fur Company, American Tobacco Company, Amir Kabir, Amleto Vespa, Amresco, Amsterdam Entrepôt, Amzi L. Barber, Anarchism in France, Anarcho-capitalism, Andreas Rosenlund, Andrew Bannatyne, Andrew Fisher, Andrew Todd (fur trader), Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604), Angra Nuclear Power Plant, Anitra Steen, Antara (news agency), ANTEL, Anti-competitive practices, Anti-imperialism, Anti-Monopoly, Anti-siphoning law, Antoine Augustin Cournot, Antoine Crozat, Apple Inc. litigation, Apple Inc. v. Pepper, April 1940, Arabs, Architects (Recognition of European Qualifications etc and Saving and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2008, Architects' Alliance of Ireland, Arenaways, Ariane 1, Aristocracy of Norway, Arlanda Express, Arnarstapi, Arnold Harberger, Artificial scarcity, Ashanti Empire, Asiento, Asobo Studio, Associazione Volontari Italiani Sangue, Asterix and the Golden Sickle, Asymmetric price transmission, AT&T, AT&T Corporation, Atlanta Gas Light, Atlanta metropolitan area, Atlas Comics (1950s), Aukra Auto, Australian design law, Australian National Airways, Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum, 1944, Australian referendum, 1911 (Monopolies), Australian referendum, 1911 (Trade and Commerce), Australian referendum, 1913 (Monopolies), Australian referendum, 1919 (Monopolies), Authors' rights, Automotive industry in Uzbekistan, Average cost pricing, Ax:son Johnson family, Axe manufacturing in Pennsylvania, B. O. Flower, Bachelor of Management Studies, Backward induction, Bahrain, Baltimore and Potomac Railroad, Banana, Banana republic, Bangka Island, Bank Bill of 1791, Bank of California, Bank of England note issues, Bank of Japan, Bank of Poland, Banking in the United Kingdom, Banzhaf power index, Barclaycard, Bargaining power, Barnacle Bill (1941 film), Barriers to entry, Battle of San Juan de Ulúa (1568), Baxter's law, Búðir, BBC One, Beef Trust (burlesque), Beer in Canada, Beienrode (Königslutter), Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances, Bell System, Bell Telephone Company, Bene Tleilax, Benefis Health System, Benjamin Bates IV, Benjamin Charles Garside, Benjamin Franklin Fairless, Benjamin Harrison, Berdychiv, Bertrand competition, Bertrand paradox (economics), Bezeq, Bhavnagar Thermal Power Station, Bilateral monopoly, Bimbia, Black Patch Tobacco Wars, Bloomsburg and Sullivan Railroad, BNSF Railway, Board of Commerce case, Bobby Baccalieri, Bonneville Dam, Boreal Norge, Bourbon Reforms, Boxer TV Access, Braathens, Bradley Theodore, Brazil, Breakup of the Bell System, Brewers' Distributor, Brewing right, Bright Leaf, Bristol slave trade, British Caledonian in the 1980s, British Coal, British United Airways, Broadcasting in the United States, Brookhaven, Pennsylvania, Bullionism, Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft, Bunzl, Burletta, Business model, Business models for open-source software, California Steam Navigation Company, Calmfors–Driffill hypothesis, Canadian Football Act, Canadian Northern Railway, Canadian patent law, Canadian Wheat Board, Canberra Community Voters, Cannabis in Ohio, Cantagalo, Rio de Janeiro, Capcom Five, Capitalism, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, Capper–Volstead Act, Captive market, Carl Frederik Tietgen, Carl Rüedi, Carlos Slim, Carrier preselect, Cartel, Carthage, Case-based evidence, Caspian Sea, Castile soap, Castle Rock Entertainment, Inc. v. Carol Publishing Group Inc., CAT Telecom, Causes of income inequality in the United States, Causes of the Great Depression, Célestine Ketcha Courtès, Cedar Falls Utilities, Cedar Falls, Iowa, Cementation process, Censorship in the Philippines, Cent Quatre, Central bank, Chaebol, Chainstore paradox, Chamberlinian monopolistic competition, Charles de Biencourt de Saint-Just, Charles Deaton, Charles III William, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge, Chief ethics officer, Child labour in the diamond industry, China National Salt Industry Corporation, China Tobacco, Chinatown, Manhattan, Chinese industrialization, Chioggia, Christine A. Varney, Christine Kirch, Christopher Hutton, Christopher Villiers, 1st Earl of Anglesey, Chronology of Nintendo 64 games, CIECH, Cigar, Cinema of the Philippines, Cinnamon, Cinque Ports, City, City rights in the Low Countries, CityFlyer Express, Clara Bow, Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, Click! Network, Clifford Durr, Closed platform, Cloud computing issues, Clove, Coach (sport), Coase conjecture, Cochabamba Water War, Cocoa production in Ghana, Coercive monopoly, Coinage Act of 1857, Collective bargaining, Collective business system, College Board, Colonialism, Colt Paterson, Columbus Monthly, Comecon, Comisión Federal de Competencia, Commercial Cable Company, Common law copyright, Common Rotation, Common value auction, Communications in Argentina, Communist Party of Britain, Compagnie van Verre, Company of Masters, Company of One Hundred Associates, Company scrip, Company store, Comparison of Canadian and American economies, Competition, Competition (economics), Competition Authority (Ireland), Competition Bureau (Canada), Competition law, Competition regulator, Competitive local exchange carrier, Complementary monopoly, Computer Professionals' Union, Concentration of media ownership, Concentration ratio, Concert Communications Services, Conflicting Kingdoms, Confusopoly, Conglomerate (company), Conjectural variation, Constitution of Tennessee, Constitutionalization attempts in Iran, Consulates in extraterritorial jurisdictions, Consumer network, Consumer privacy, Consumers' co-operative, Content cartel, Continental divide, Control commission, Convexity in economics, Cooperative Wheat Pool of Western Australia, Copper Kings, Copyright infringement, Copyright law of France, Copyright law of Russia, Copyright term, Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, Corazon Aquino, Cornering the market, Corporate law, Corporate personhood, Corporation, Corporation (feudal Europe), Corruption, Corruption in Angola, Corruption in Turkey, Corsican mafia, Corwin D. Edwards, Cottage cheese boycott, Courier du Bas-Rhin, Cournot competition, Creative destruction, Credit card, Criticism of capitalism, Criticism of libertarianism, Criticism of Walmart, Criticisms of corporations, Criticisms of the labour theory of value, Crony capitalism, Crony-capitalism index, Cross Country services, Cross subsidization, Crown Paints, Crown Perth, Currency, Customer franchise, Cyborg 2, Czech Airlines, Dad Behavior, Daily fantasy sports, Daimler Company, Dallara, Dan Gertler, Dan Lungu, Danny Gardella, Dansk Retursystem, Darcy v Allein, David S. Evans, David Sarnoff, DÜWAG, Dão DOC, Dương Thu Hương, De Beers, De Beers antitrust litigation, De facto, De facto monopoly, De facto standard, De-linkage, Deadweight loss, Dean Wilkinson, Decartelization, Declaration of Avellaneda, DEFA (film studio), Defences in Canadian copyright law, Deflation, Dejima, Demai (Talmud), Demak Sultanate, Democratic Party of Hawaii, Democratization of knowledge, Demonopolization, Department of Agriculture (Philippines), Design Piracy Prohibition Act, Deutsche Post, Deutsche Telekom, Dhiraagu, Diagnostic Enterprise Method, Diamond Comic Distributors, Digital divide in China, Direct-to-home television in India, Discworld characters, Distortion (economics), Doc Scurlock, Doccia porcelain, Domestic policy of the Stephen Harper government, Dominance (economics), Dominant design, Dominican Restoration War, Dominion Energy, Don't Drop the Soap, Donington Park, DoubleClick, Douro Wine Company, Dracula, Dual federalism, Duchy of Magdeburg, Duden, Dunno on the Moon, Duopoly, Durance, Durapolist, Dutch East India Company, Dutch East India Company in Indonesia, Dyer Lum, E'Shun Melvin, Eads Bridge, Early Canadian banking system, Economic democracy, Economic discrimination, Economic equilibrium, Economic history of Germany, Economic history of Taiwan, Economic history of the Netherlands (1500–1815), Economic history of the Republic of Ireland, Economic inequality, Economic power, Economic reforms under Peter the Great, Economic rent, Economic stratification, Economics, Economics and patents, Economy of Armenia, Economy of Cameroon, Economy of Italy under fascism, Economy of Mauritania, Economy of Monaco, Economy of Scotland in the High Middle Ages, Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Economy of the Han dynasty, Economy of the United States, Edison Studios, Edvin Bergroth, Edward Atkyns (1630-1698), Edward Darcy, Edward Gibbon Wakefield, Egypt Post, Egyptian cigarette industry, Egyptian revolution of 2011, Eidgenössische Alkoholverwaltung, El Tiempo (Colombia), Electricity pricing, Electricity retailing, Electricity sector in Peru, Electronic Broking Services, Electronic markets, Elkins Act, Elwood Haynes, Emergency circulating notes, Emergent gameplay, Emilio Picariello, Eminent domain, Endogenous growth theory, Enerca, Energy Commission (Malaysia), Energy in Brazil, Energy in France, Energy market, English football on television, English tort law, Engrossing (law), Enragés, Enrico Mattei, Enrique Mosconi, Enrique Peña Nieto, Enterprise theory, Entrepreneur (video game), Environmental inequality in Europe, EPIC 2014, ERT HD, Escape and evasion map, Essential facilities doctrine, Essentials (PlayStation), ETA SA, Eulàlia Ferrer Ribot, EuroBonus, European Federalist Free Entrepreneurs, European Union competition law, European Union merger law, Excise, Exclusive right, Exploitation of labour, Export Wheat Commission, Facatativá, Face Dancer, Factor market, Factoring (finance), Factory House, Falls City Brewing Company, Farm Labor Organizing Committee, Father Divine, Federal Act on Banks and Savings Banks, Federal Financial Supervisory Authority, Federal Group, Ferdinand I of Naples, Ferdinand Marcos, Fernão Gomes, Fertilizer subsidies in Sub-Saharan Africa, Fiji Sugar Corporation, Film studio, Financial history of the Dutch Republic, First wave of European colonization, Fishmonger, Fitzwilliam Coningsby, Fleer, Flour riot of 1837, Floyd B. Olson, Flxible, Flxible New Look bus, Fly Air, Fogo Island (Newfoundland and Labrador), Food and Drug Administration, Food power, Forbes Galleries, Foreign direct investment in Iran, Foreign relations of Macau, Foreign trade of Communist Czechoslovakia, Fort Nikolaevskaia, Fox Film, François Beaulieu II, Francis Mitchell, Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki, Franja Transversal del Norte, Frank Norris, Frank P. Ramsey, Frank Vance Strauss, Franklin Center (Chicago), Frederick Upham Adams, Free content, Free entry, Free trade, Free Zone (Scientology), Freedom of choice, Friday the 14th, Friden Flexowriter, Friedrich List, Friedrich von Wieser, Friendship store, Front Palace crisis, Fuel Freedom Foundation, Fugger, Full Fat, Fur trade, Gabagool!, Galenica, Game mechanics, Game Park, Gardiner Means, Gatineau Privilege, Gazette d'Amsterdam, Gazprom, Gérald Bronner, Göran Hägglund, Götheborg (ship), General Mills, General Motors streetcar conspiracy, General Revision Act, Generic drug, Geographical pricing, George Aiken, George F. Edmunds, George Mason III, Gerald Weaver, German Quarter, Gerrit Smith, Gherăseni, Ghost mark, Giant Eagle, Gift economy, Giunti (printers), Glossary of economics, Glu Mobile, GO (Malta), Golden Crescent, Goodricke College, York, Goodwin & Company, Google, Gordon-Schaefer model, Gouda cheese, Government-granted monopoly, Graham v. John Deere Co., Grandmasters (album), Grass Creek, Utah, Great Bengal famine of 1770, Great Depression in India, Great Lakes passenger steamers, Greatview, Greenback Party, Greenbelt Historic District, Grip, Norway, Growth–share matrix, Gruuthusemuseum, Guest beer, Guild, Guild Navigator, Guitar (Frank Zappa album), Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway, Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, Guy J. Velella, Hal Hartley, Han dynasty, Harmony Society, Harold Hotelling, Harry Warner, Hasbro Family Game Night, Havana, Haverfordwest election, 1571, Hayle, Health care in Colombia, Health insurance cooperative, Hellkom, Henry Cleveland Putnam, Henry Demarest Lloyd, Henry Flagler, Henry George, Henry Howell, Henry Miller Shreve, Henry Muddiman, Henry Nevill, 9th Baron Bergavenny, Henry Vane the Elder, Herbert Henry Dow, Herfindahl index, Heuristic, Highland Scottish, Hillel International, History of alternative medicine, History of AT&T, History of capitalism, History of colonialism, History of copyright law, History of Cuba, History of economic thought, History of German settlement in Central and Eastern Europe, History of glass, History of Havana, History of IBM, History of Islamic economics, History of Lisbon, History of Michigan, History of microeconomics, History of monopoly, History of music publishing, History of Norway, History of Paraguay, History of Philippine money, History of Portugal (1415–1578), History of Portuguese wine, History of rail transport in Belgium, History of rail transport in Great Britain 1948–1994, History of rail transport in Russia, History of rail transport in the United States, History of rail transportation in California, History of Sacramento, California, History of silk, History of Sydney, History of the American League, History of the British salt tax in India, History of the Central African Republic, History of the Jews in Latvia, History of the Jews in Russia, History of the Ming dynasty, History of the St. Louis Cardinals (1920–52), History of trade of the People's Republic of China, History of Tunisia, History of United States patent law, History of Wells Fargo, History of wheat industry regulation in Australia, HIV/AIDS in Brazil, HM Land Registry, Hochstetter, Hokkaido Electric Power Company, Honduras, Honeywell, Inc. v. Sperry Rand Corp., Horizontal integration, Huddart, Parker & Co Pty Ltd v Moorehead, Hudson River Steamboat Association, Hudson's Bay Company, Hugh Ike Shott, Hugo Grotius, Human rights and encryption, Hunters of Dune, Hush-A-Phone, Hutchins Commission, Hyundai Motor India Limited, IG Farben, Illegal housing in India, Ilocos Norte, Immanuel Wallerstein, Imperfect competition, Imperial Group plc v Philip Morris Ltd, Imperial Japanese Airways, Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways, Imperial Wireless Chain, Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism, Income inequality in the United States, Incomes policy, Incumbent local exchange carrier, Independence Party (United States), Independent film, Independent Local Radio, Independent News, Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal of New South Wales, Index of economics articles, Index of law articles, Index of sociology articles, Indian Premier League, Individualist anarchism, Individualist anarchism in Europe, Individualist anarchism in France, Industrial Cape Breton, Industrial organization, Industrial Revolution, Information and communication technologies for development, Initiatives and referendums in the United States, INSIG (insurance company), Instant Live, Institutes of the Lawes of England, Insular energy system, Insurance Corporation of British Columbia, Intercity bus service, Interconnection, Internal media of China, International Bell Telephone Company, International Salt Co. v. United States, Internet in Denmark, Internet in New Zealand, Interoperability, Interpersonal relationship, Interstate Commerce Act of 1887, Inventor, Ion Antonescu, Iowa Department of Transportation, Iraq Petroleum Company, IrelandOffline, Irreligion in Finland, Ishka, Islamic economics, Ivan Illich, Ivan the Terrible in Russian folklore, Ivar Kreuger, Ix (Dune), Iyer, Jab Tak Hai Jaan, Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co., Jacob Roggeveen, Jacob's Award, James J. Hill, James Savage (banker), James W. Carey, Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Japanese economic miracle, Japanese government-issued Philippine peso, János Thurzó, Jean-Claude Duvalier, Jean-Jacques Dony, Jean-Pierre Chouteau, Jeronis de Soysa, Jim Hogg, Jobless recovery, Joe Louis vs. Max Schmeling, Johann Joachim Becher, John Brooks (writer), John Browne (King's Gunfounder), John Cabess, John Crawfurd, John D. Rockefeller, John Day (printer), John Dos Passos, John Fitch (inventor), John Frothingham, John Graham Brooks, John Irving (steamship captain), John J. Albright, John Jacob Astor, John Law (economist), John Lord O'Brian, John M. Work, John Maurice Clark, John McLoughlin, John Q. A. Brackett, John Ringling, John S. Hager, John Spilman, John Stanford (general), John/Eleanor Rykener, Johnson County War, Joint-stock company, Jon Leibowitz, José Batlle y Ordóñez, José de Salamanca, 1st Count of los Llanos, Joseph Henry Nettlefold, Joseph McKenna, Joseph Nasi, Joseph Wharton, Journal Media Group, JT Group Limited, Juanes de Ávila, Judenburg, Judiciary of Kosovo, Julian Simon, Justice and the Market, Kane (Command & Conquer), Karin Söder, Karl Marlo, Kasilof, Alaska, KDKA-TV, Keiretsu, Keker, Van Nest & Peters LLP, Key System, Khaled Ali, Kimmage, Kingdom of Tungning, Kiss merchandising, Klaw and Erlanger, Klondike (board game), Klondike Gold Rush, Knickerbocker Ice Company, Koblenz, Switzerland, Konstantin Melnikov, Kootenay River, Korea Tobacco & Ginseng Corporation, Krasnoyarsk, Kronen Zeitung, Kronos effect, Labor demand, Labor federation competition in the United States, Labour Emancipation League, Lac-Mégantic rail disaster, Lady Bird Johnson, Lady McLeod, Lamoral II Claudius Franz, Count of Thurn and Taxis, Lateral expansion, Laurence Gronlund, Law of the British Virgin Islands, Law of value, Lawyer, Líneas Aéreas Privadas Argentinas, Le Griffon, League for Independent Political Action, Lega Nord, Legal monopoly, Legislation on Chinese Indonesians, Lenovo IdeaCentre Horizon, Leo Wolman, Let There Be Light (Heinlein short story), Levant Company, Lewis & Cooper, Lewis H. Morgan, Liberal democracy, Liberal Party (Iceland), Liberal socialism, Liberalism, Liberia Cement Corporation, Life Insurance Corporation, Likud, Limit price, Limitations and exceptions to copyright, Lincoln County War, Liner Conference System, Liquor store, List of Aeroflot destinations, List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran, List of communist ideologies, List of Darkwing Duck characters, List of Disney villains, List of Et Cetera characters, List of Greek and Latin roots in English/M, List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P, List of Greek morphemes used in English, List of historical acts of tax resistance, List of History's Lost & Found episodes, List of Kingsman characters, List of largest civil only pharmaceutical settlements, List of largest pharmaceutical settlements, List of Left Behind characters, List of legislation sponsored by Ron Paul, List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z), List of minor Blandings characters, List of multiplayer Game Boy games, List of National Historic Landmarks in Oregon, List of nationalizations by country, List of Scallywagga episodes, List of Super Game Boy games, List of technology in the Dune universe, List of That Girl episodes, List of The Annoying Orange episodes, List of The Colbert Report episodes (2005–06), List of The Opposition with Jordan Klepper episodes, List of time periods, List of Xbox games on Windows Phone, List of years in British television, Lists of landmark court decisions, Lizzie Magie, Local exchange carrier, Local option, Location model, Lochner era, Locofocos, London water supply infrastructure, Looking Backward, Louis Cella, Louis Severance, Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, LRIC, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Lundbeck, Lvivelectrotrans, Lynda Resnick, Lysander Spooner, M-Systems, Ma'rib, Macau–United States relations, Macintosh Performa, Mada'in Saleh, Madak, Magnus Heinason, Magyar Fehér Bor, Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited, Mahir Çayan, Mail coach, Major League Baseball on television, Makan Delrahim, Malaysian Solidarity Convention, Malwa, MAN Auto-Uzbekistan, Mangalore Ranga Pai, Manuel Lisa, Mare clausum, Marginal revenue, Marginal revenue productivity theory of wages, Maria Margaretha Kirch, Maritime history, Maritime history of Europe, Market (economics), Market concentration, Market distortion, Market failure, Market for loyalties theory, Market power, Market segmentation index, Market structure, Market town, Martin J. Whitman, Martin Rapaport, Marx's theory of history, Marxism–Leninism, Mary Elizabeth Lease, Mary Pilon, Maryland Route 25, Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, Massachusetts Body of Liberties, Master of the treasury, Mataram Sultanate, Match, Material criticality, Mattel, Inc. v. MCA Records, Inc., May 10, May 15, Mazoni, Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller, Müskirat resmi, MC Entertainment, MCA Inc., Media of Austria, Media of Croatia, Media of Greece, Media of Iceland, Media of South Africa, Media of Turkey, Media of Ukraine, Medical cannabis in the United States, Medici Oriental Press, Megacorporation, Melange (fictional drug), Melbourne Beth Din, Mercantilism, Mercury Communications, Mercury Drug, Mergers and acquisitions, Metrofulus, Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association, Metropolitan Gas Act 1860, MG MGA, Miami Railway Station, Michał Boym, Michał Kalecki, Michael Franti, Michael Vey: Rise of the Elgen, Microsoft acquisition hoax, Microsoft litigation, Microsoft Product Activation, Midcyru, Mike Veon, Milieu (organized crime in France), Military conquests of the Ming dynasty, Milwaukee, Mining in Sierra Leone, Miracle on the Han River, Mississippi Company, Mitropa, Mjólkursamsalan, Mobile telephony in Africa, Mobily, Modern history, Moldavia, Monaco, Monetary reform, Money, Monopolies in the Philippines (1965–1986), Monopolistic competition, Monopolization, Monopolizing, Monopoly (disambiguation), Monopoly (game), Monopoly Capital, Monopoly price, Monopoly profit, Monopsony, Montreal Canadiens centennial, Montreal, Maine and Atlantic Railway, Morgan family, Morris and Essex Railroad, Morris Tanenbaum, Most-Favoured-Customer Clause, Motion Picture Patents Company, Motorola V525, Mountain man, Movie Central, Mr. Burns, Multistability, Multiven, Muscovy Company, Music of Turkey, Musical composition, Nacotchtank, Naftna Industrija Srbije, Namco, Nanorobotics, Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa, National Association of Broadcasters, National champions, National City Lines, National Company for Rail Transport, National Competition Policy (Australia), National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933, National Intelligence Service of Brazil, National Liberal Party (Hawaii), National Railway, National Register of Historic Places listings in Clatsop County, Oregon, Natural Gas Act of 1938, Natural monopoly, NBC, Ncell, Neat Domestic Training Pty Ltd v AWB Ltd, Nepali tea, Neptune Distribution, Netherlands Competition Authority, Netscape Navigator, Network effect, Nevis, New Nation (United States), New Order (Indonesia), New Romney (UK Parliament constituency), New York City, New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, New Zealand Liberal Party, New Zealand Racing Board, NexTag, NHL on Sportsnet, Nichiren Shōshū, Nicholas Exton, Nicholas Fuller (lawyer), Nicholas Hilliard, Nicolás Espinoza, Nielsen Audio, Nikolai Rezanov, Nome King, Non-convexity (economics), Nordic bread culture, Norman G. Baker, Norman Kittson, North American fur trade, North Carolina State Board of Dental Examiners v. FTC, North River Steamboat, Northern Securities Co. v. United States, Northwestern Consolidated Milling Company, Nouvelles Extraordinaires de Divers Endroits, Novell, November 28, Nuclear weapons of the United States, Nuevo Continente, Number pooling, Nutmeg, Nuussuaq, Oasis (hotel and casino), Occupational licensing, OCLC, Oda Nobunaga, Office of Gas and Electricity Markets, Oftel, Oil and gas industry in Myanmar, Oil Refineries, Old Economy Village, Oligopoly, Oligopsony, Olpe, Germany, Open access (infrastructure), Open Access Same-Time Information System, Open market, Open standard, Open-source model, Opium, Opposition to copyright, Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar, Ordoliberalism, Organizations of the Dune universe, Ori Yogev, Oriental Bank Corporation, Original Six, Ostrich leather, Otter (sternwheeler), Otto Schott, Otto von Camphausen, Ottoman Tunisia, Outline of economics, Outline of industrial organization, Outline of marketing, Owen Brewster, Ownership unbundling, Oxnard strike of 1903, Oyster pirate, P&O Building (Fremantle), Pac-Man Party, Pacific City Lines, Packaging and labeling, Packers and Stockyards Act, Paclitaxel, Pacman conjecture, Padogobius, Paf (company), Pakistan Television Corporation, Palliser's Triangle, Pan Trafikk, Panic of 1907, Parallel import, Parti canadien, Partial equilibrium, Partnership, Passing off in Canadian law, Pat Lawlor, Patent infringement in Canadian law, Patent portfolio, Patent theatre, Pattillo Higgins, Paubrasilia, Paul Garrin, Paul Kruger, Pavel Grachev, Pechiney, Pedro Albizu Campos, Pedro de Unamuno, Pelni, Penetration pricing, Penguin Books, People's Party (United States), Pepper Hamilton, Perfect competition, Periodization, Periodizations of capitalism, Perpetual copyright, Personalized search, Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood, Pfizer Inc. v. Government of India, Pharmacies of Norway, Philip K. Dick, Philippine Competition Commission, Phillips curve, Philosophy of copyright, Phreaking, Physician self-referral, Pier House Museum, Pigs in popular culture, Pill Prizes, Pine City, Minnesota, Pioneers of American Freedom, Piper cubeba, Pirate Party (Spain), Pittsburgh railroad strike of 1877, Planetes, Plankton and Karen, Play value, PLDT, Plutocracy, Polish Telegraphic Agency, Political corruption, Political economy, Political science of religion, Politics of Costa Rica, Politics of Mauritania, Politics of the Soviet Union, Polmos, Polmos Białystok, Polycentric law, Pope's Creek Subdivision, Port of Churchill, Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom, Portuguese East India Company, Portuguese Pandur, Postal, telegraph and telephone service, Postchristianity, Posten Norge, Powertrans, Powszechny Zakład Ubezpieczeń, Practice of law, Praga Koneser Center, Predatory pricing, Premier Boxing Champions, Premier Election Solutions, Presidency of Benjamin Harrison, Price ceiling, Price discrimination, Price fixing, Price gouging, Price signal, Price war, Primitive accumulation of capital, Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Printing patent, Private defense agency, Private spaceflight, Prizes as an alternative to patents, Prodrazvyorstka, Product bundling, Product differentiation, Profession, Profit (accounting), Profit (economics), Profit maximization, Progressivism, Progressivism in the United States, Prohibition of drugs, Property Services Agency, Proposed acquisition of Tribune Media by Sinclair Broadcast Group, Prosper de Mestre, Protest, Proto-globalization, Protofeminism, Provo West Co-op, Prussian Academy of Sciences, Prussian Reform Movement (1806–1815), Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacji Samochodowej, Psystar Corporation, PTAT-1, Public good, Public health insurance option, Public service obligation, Public-access television, Pugets Sound Agricultural Company, Pye Ltd., Qatar Primary Materials Company, Quai d'Orsay (cigar), Quantum of Solace, Quatermass II, Queensland Competition Authority, Quinto real, RAC–HBC Agreement, Rachel Lowe, Radio in the United States, Radio network, Rafael Trujillo, Rail transportation in the United States, Ramsey problem, Rate contract, Rate of return pricing, Raymond Washington, RÚV, Rúgbrauð, RBS TV, Reading Company, Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing, Recology, Red Line Agreement, Redcliffe Partners, Reforms of Russian orthography, Regality theory, Regulating Act of 1773, Regulation, Regulatory economics, Reinfeldt Cabinet, Religion in Seychelles, Rene Anselmo, Rentier state, Republic Bank, Requirements contract, Research program, Reserved powers doctrine, Revaz Lordkipanidze, Revco, Revised Penal Code of the Philippines, Revolt of the Admirals, Revolt of the Comuneros (New Granada), Richard Drake, Richard T. Ely, Right-libertarianism, Rival (sternwheeler), Robert Hall (economist), Robert L. Moran, Rollerball (1975 film), Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila, Ronald Coase, Rooibos, Rothschild loans to the Holy See, Royal African Company, Royal Almanac, Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland, Royal Niger Company, Rudolf Hilferding, Rufus T. Bush, Rule of reason, Russian America, Russian exploration of the Pacific Northwest, Russians (song), Saša Radulović, SABAM, Safety syringe, Saga Television Station, Said Gafurov, Saint-Gobain, Salter Report, Sam's Warehouse, Samuel D. Ingham, Samuel Insull, Samuel Irving Newhouse Sr., Samuel Touchet, Sanborn Maps, Santa Catarina (ship), Santa Fe Ring, Saudi Electricity Company, Scania Party, Scarcity, School of Salamanca, Schuylkill Canal, Second Bill of Rights, Second Malaysia Plan, Secrecy, SEITA, Selig Polyscope Company, Serfdom in Poland, Serge (fabric), Serials crisis, Serjeant Painter, Servando Bayo, Setúbal DOC, Seven Sisters (oil companies), Sexual swelling, Shareholders' agreement, Sharpe's Havoc, Sheet music, Sherman Antitrust Act, SHFL entertainment, Shoe polish, Sholes and Glidden typewriter, Show TV, Siemens scandal, Sierra Leone, Silent film, Silk, Single desk, Sinhalese–Portuguese War, Small but significant and non-transitory increase in price, Smart market, Smedmore House, Smoking in China, Smoking in Japan, Snuff (tobacco), Social criticism, Social media as a public utility, Social peer-to-peer processes, Société Nationale d'Investissement, Son of Sardaar, Sonas, Song dynasty, Song Yingxing, Sosthenes Behn, Source Cable, South Carolina Dispensary, Southwest Effect, Sovereigns of Industry, SovRom, Space launch market competition, Space: Above and Beyond, Spaced Out, Spacing Guild, Spanish treasure fleet, Spar (retailer), Spark New Zealand, Speed dating, Spendrups, Sponsored mobility, Squatters' riot, Sri Lanka Insurance, SS Milwaukee Clipper, Stackelberg competition, Standard ML of New Jersey, Standard Oil, Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States, Standard Oil of Kentucky, Stannary, State (polity), State capitalism, State monopoly, State monopoly capitalism, State of Play (film), State ownership, Statutory law, Steady-state economy, Steam (software), Steel Dawn, Stella Martin Manyanya, Stella Street, Stephen D. Dillaye, Steve Ballmer, Steve Berman (lawyer), Stillman Witt, Stock, StormPay, Strategic entry deterrence, Student welfare organisation, Su Shi, Subu people, Suburban Express, Sudono Salim, Sufficiency of disclosure, Sugoroku, Supply (economics), Supremacy (1940 board game), Surveillance capitalism, Sutler, Swiss referendums, 1997, Swissair, Swisscom, Switching barriers, Sydney Hospital, Symbister, Szlachta privileges, Tabacalera, Tacit collusion, Tadoussac, Taiwan Power Company, Talk Radio Network, TAM Media Research, Tambour (company), Tarim, Yemen, Tasco, Taxicabs by country, Taxis in India, Télam, Tønsberg, Technological and industrial history of the United States, Tekel, TeleBarbados, Telecanal, Telecommunications in Bahrain, Telecommunications in East Timor, Telecommunications in Lebanon, Telecommunications in Pakistan, Telecommunications in South Africa, Telecommunications in the British Virgin Islands, Telecommunications in the United Arab Emirates, Telecommunications in the United Kingdom, Telecommunications in Turkey, Telecommunications in Ukraine, Telecommunications industry in China, Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago, Telefônica Brasil, Telenor, Telephone company, Television in Indonesia, Telia Company, Telmex, Telok Blangah, Tesco Town, Tesla (Czechoslovak company), Thale, The Baseball Network, The Beer Store, The Big Money, The Dilbert Future, The General Idea of the Revolution in the Nineteenth Century, The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, The Great Lakes Group, The History of British India, The History of the Standard Oil Company, The Indian Nation, The Iron Heel, The Movie Network, The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, The Night Riders, The Northern Gateway, The Quatermass Experiment, The Silk Express, The Sons of Great Bear, The Transmutation of Ike Garuda, The True Believer, The True Cost, The Wayside (Henry Demarest Lloyd House), Theatrical constraints, Theory of religious economy, Theory of the second best, Thimphu, Thin Chen Enterprise, Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley, Thomas Graham Jackson, Thomas Mitchell Campbell, Thomas S. McMurry, Thought of Thomas Aquinas, Three-tier system (alcohol distribution), Thurn und Taxis, Tiangong Kaiwu, Ticketmaster, Tied house, Timeline of Greenland, Timeline of Icelandic history, Timeline of United States history, Tinning, TNEB, Tobacco Lords, Tobacco Protest, Token coin, Tomislav Karadžić, Toolson v. New York Yankees, Inc., Top Shop, Toplofikatsiya Sofia, Toronto School of communication theory, Total revenue, Tour of Britain, Trade, Trade secret, Trams in Prague, Trams in Saint Petersburg, Transaction cost, Transhumanist politics, Transport Act 1962, Transport in Russia, Transport in the Soviet Union, Trasmediterránea, Treaty of Balta Liman, Trials and judicial hearings following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, Trillium Digital Systems, Trinity Chain Pier, Troaking, Trogir, Trust (business), Trust company, Tuesday Morning Quarterback, Tuition freeze, Turkish Radio and Television Corporation, TVBully, Two-part tariff, Types of socialism, U.S. Bank Center (Milwaukee), Ukrainian Aviation Group, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Underemployment, Union de Transports Aériens, Union violence, Union violence in the United States, United Kingdom company law, United Launch Alliance, United Shoe Machinery Corporation, United States antitrust law, United States Football League, United States Football League on television, United States presidential election in Oregon, 1904, United States presidential election in Washington (state), 1904, United States presidential election, 1904, United States presidential election, 1940, United States v. Alcoa, United States v. International Boxing Club of New York, Inc., United States v. Microsoft Corp., United States v. Syufy Enterprises, Uranium One, Uriah Smith Stephens, Utah Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control, Utility frequency, Utility ratemaking, V&S Group, Vajont Dam, Van Brugh Livingston, Vínbúð, Venan Entertainment, Vendor lock-in, Vera Lutz, Vertical integration, Victor Amuso, Vira bruk, Virji Vora, Vivo (telecommunications), Vladimir Tismăneanu, Voluntary student unionism, Vuskovic plan, W. K. Henderson, Waibaidu Bridge, Wall Street Spin, Wang Anshi, Warne Report, Washington Dulles International Airport, Water Commission Act of 1913, Waterhouses branch line, Waterlow and Sons, Wenceslas Cobergher, WEOL, West Trenton Line (SEPTA), Western Power Corporation, Western Union, White Flint Mall, White Monopoly Capital, White Stream, Whitfield Diffie, Who Controls the Internet?, Who Killed the Electric Car?, Wide West, Wild Palms, William D. Bloxham, William H. White (architect), William II Canynges, William Irving (steamship captain), William McGillivray, William Moore (steamship captain), William South, Williamson trade-off model, Windows Vista editions, Windows XP editions, Wire, Wisconsin Idea, WOAP, Wolffs Telegraphisches Bureau, Workers Democratic Party, Working Men's Party (New York), Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers, Worshipful Company of Vintners, WQED (TV), Wrenn v. Boy Scouts of America, WTT HK, X-inefficiency, Xtra (ISP), Yantarny, Kaliningrad Oblast, YES Network, Yle, Yoo Byung-eun, York, Hull and East and West Yorkshire Junction Railway, Yoshisuke Aikawa, You Can't Take It with You (film), Yury Luzhkov, Zadar, Zaibatsu, Zero Hora, Zodiac (band), Zork, 1340s, 1560s in England, 1590s in England, 1602, 1615, 1620s in England, 1660 in England, 1660s in Canada, 1695 in literature, 1885 in rail transport, 1890s, 1892, 1902 Kosher Meat Boycott, 1911 in the United States, 1912 Progressive National Convention, 1940 Republican National Convention, 1989, 1990s in Angola, 1994 amendment of the Constitution of Argentina, 2003 in Afghanistan, 2007 National People's Congress, 2009 Hong Kong Broadcasting Authority forum, 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, 2010 in rail transport, 2010 TVB monopoly case, 2013 in Hungary, 2014–15 Malaysia Purple League, 62nd United States Congress, 719. Expand index (1649 more) » « Shrink index

A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.

A&M Records, Inc.

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A. H. Wheeler

A.

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A. L. Erlanger

Abraham Lincoln "Abe" Erlanger (May 4, 1859 – March 7, 1930) was an American theatrical producer, director, designer, theatre owner, and a leading figure of the Theatrical Syndicate.

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Aalborg

Aalborg, is Denmark's fourth largest city with an urban population of 136,000, including 22,000 in the twin city Nørresundby 600 meters across the Limfjord.

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Aaron Clark

Aaron Clark (October 16, 1787 – August 2, 1861) was an American politician who became the second popularly elected Mayor of New York, serving two one-year terms from 1837 to 1839.

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Ab Saunders

Ab Saunders (October 14, 1851 — February 5, 1883) was an American cowboy, and at times gunman, best known for his association with Billy the Kid, Charlie Bowdre, Frank McNab, Doc Scurlock, and Saunders's cousins Frank and George Coe, when he was a member of the Lincoln County Regulators, a deputized posse, during the 1878 Lincoln County War in the New Mexico Territory (New Mexico did not become a U.S. state until 1912.).

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Abbas Helmi I of Egypt

Abbas Helmy I of Egypt (also known as Abbas Pasha, عباس الأول, I. 1 July 181213 July 1854) was the Wāli of Egypt and Sudan.

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Abbey River

The Abbey River is a right-bank backwater of the River Thames in England, in Chertsey, Surrey — in the town's northern green and blue buffers.

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ABC Learning

ABC Learning was an Australian company that was once the world's largest provider of early childhood education services.

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Abnormal profit

In economics, abnormal profit, also called excess profit, supernormal profit or pure profit, is "profit of a firm over and above what provides its owners with a normal (market equilibrium) return to capital." Normal profit (return) in turn is defined as opportunity cost of the owner's resources.

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Abuse

Abuse is the improper usage or treatment of an entity, often to unfairly or improperly gain benefit.

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Academic journal publishing reform

Academic journal publishing reform refers to advocacy for changes in the way academic journals are created and distributed in the age of the Internet and the advent of electronic publishing.

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Access to medicines

Access to medicines refers to the reasonable ability for people to get needed medicines required to achieve health.

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Accounting networks and associations

Accounting networks and associations are professional services networks whose principal purpose is to provide members resources to assist the clients around the world and hence reduce the uncertainty by bringing together a greater number of resources to work on a problem.The networks and associations operate independently of the independent members.

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Acquisition of NBC Universal by Comcast

In December 2009, Comcast announced its intent to acquire a majority stake in the media conglomerate NBCUniversal from General Electric (GE).

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Act of War: Direct Action

Act of War: Direct Action is a real-time strategy game developed by Eugen Systems and published by Atari, Inc.

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Adak, Alaska

Adak, formerly Adak Station, (Unangax̂: Adaax) is a town located on Adak Island, in the Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska, United States.

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Adam Smith

Adam Smith (16 June 1723 NS (5 June 1723 OS) – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist, philosopher and author as well as a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment era.

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Adlai Stevenson I

Adlai Ewing Stevenson (October 23, 1835 – June 14, 1914) served as the 23rd Vice President of the United States (1893–97).

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Adler-Apotheke

The Adler-Apotheke was a former brass producing factory in the German city of Stolberg.

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Afghan Wireless

The Afghan Wireless Communication Company, commonly referred to as Afghan Wireless or AWCC, is Afghanistan's first wireless communications company.

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Agreement for the Control of Opium Smoking in the Far East

The Agreement for the Control of Opium Smoking in the Far East, also known as the Agreement concerning the Suppression of Opium Smoking, was a treaty concluded in Bangkok on 27 November 1931 and at Lake Success, New York on 11 December 1946.

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Agricultural cooperatives in Norway

The agricultural cooperatives in Norway (Landbrukssamvirket) consists of 13 companies, each organised as independent farmer owned cooperatives.

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Agriculture in Cuba

Agriculture in Cuba has played an important part in the economy for several hundred years.

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Agriculture in Madagascar

Agriculture employs the majority of Madagascar's population.

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Agriculture in Saudi Arabia

Agriculture in Saudi Arabia is focused on the export of dates, dairy products, eggs, fish, poultry, fruits, vegetables, and flowers to markets around the world.

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Agriculture in Senegal

Most of Senegal lies within the drought-prone Sahel region, with irregular rainfall and generally poor soils.

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Agriculture in Vietnam

In 2004, agriculture and forestry accounted for 21.8 percent of Vietnam's gross domestic product (GDP), and between 1994 and 2004, the sector grew at an annual rate of 4.1 percent.

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Agropatria

Agropatria is Venezuela's largest agricultural supply company, supplying fertilizer, seeds and agrochemicals, as well as loans to agricultural producers.

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Agustín Fernando Muñoz, Duke of Riánsares

Don Agustin Fernando Muñoz y Sánchez (4 May 180811 September 1873), Duke of Riánsares and Montmorot, Marquis of San Agustín, was the second and morganatic husband of Maria Christina, Regent of Spain.

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Air Ferry Limited

Air Ferry Limited was a private, independent British airline operating charter, scheduled and all-cargo flights from 1963 to 1968.

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Air Inter

Air Inter (Lignes Aériennes Intérieures) was a semi-public French domestic airline.

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Air Mali (1960–89)

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Air Zaïre

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Airline deregulation

Airline deregulation is the process of removing government-imposed entry and price restrictions on airlines affecting, in particular, the carriers permitted to serve specific routes.

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Al Bahah

Al-Bahah (اَلْـبَـاحَـة) is a city in the south west of Saudi Arabia.

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Al Hayman

Al Hayman, also known as Raphael Hayman, (1847 – February 10, 1917) was the business partner of the better-known Charles Frohman who together with others established the Theatrical Syndicate.

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Al Jazeera effect

The Al Jazeera effect is a term used in political science and media studies to describe the impact of new media and media sources on global politics, namely, reducing the government and mainstream media monopoly on information and empowering groups which previously lacked a global voice.

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Alaska boundary dispute

The Alaska boundary dispute was a territorial dispute between the United States and the United Kingdom, which then controlled Canada's foreign relations.

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Alaska Packers' Association

The Alaska Packers' Association (APA) was a San Francisco based manufacturer of Alaska canned salmon founded in 1891 and sold in 1982.

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Albani Brewery

Albani Bryggerierne A/S (Eng.: Albani Breweries) is a brewery located in Odense, Denmark, and the vast majority of its customers live on the island of Funen.

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Albert M. Todd

Albert May Todd (June 3, 1850 – October 6, 1931), colorfully known as "The Peppermint King of Kalamazoo," was an American chemist, businessman, and politician from the state of Michigan.

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Albert Piddington

Albert Bathurst Piddington KC (9 September 1862 – 5 June 1945) was an Australian lawyer, politician and judge.

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Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission

The Alberta Gaming and Liquor Commission (or AGLC) is an agent of the government of the Canadian province of Alberta, and regulates alcoholic beverage and gaming-related activities.

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Alcohol law

Alcohol laws are laws in relation to the manufacture, use, influence and sale of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) or alcoholic beverages that contains ethanol.

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Alcohol laws of West Virginia

Alcohol laws of West Virginia are more complex on paper than in actual practice, owing to a provision of the state constitution and "work-arounds" of its terms.

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Alejandro Ramírez (economist)

Alejandro Ramírez (1777–1821) was a Spanish economist.

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Alessandro Valignano

Alessandro Valignano (Chinese: 范禮安 Fàn Lǐ’ān) (February 1539 – January 20, 1606) was an Italian Jesuit missionary born in Chieti, part of the Kingdom of Naples, who helped supervise the introduction of Catholicism to the Far East, and especially to Japan.

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Alexander Cameron Rutherford

Alexander Cameron Rutherford, (February 2, 1857 – June 11, 1941) was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the first premier of Alberta from 1905 to 1910.

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Alexander Henry the elder

Alexander Henry 'The Elder' (August 1739 – 4 April 1824) was one of the leading pioneers of the British-Canadian fur trade following the British Conquest of New France; a partner in the North West Company, and a founding member and vice-chairman of the Beaver Club.

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Alfred Oppenheim (chemist)

Alfred Oppenheim (3 November 1878 in Berlin – 14 May 1943 at the same place) was a German chemist and gas mantle manufacturer.

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Alfredo Elías Ayub

Alfredo Elías Ayub (born 13 January 1950) was the Director General of the Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE; Federal Electricity Commission), which is the Mexican state-owned electric monopoly.

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Ali Shariati

Ali Shariati Mazinani (علی شریعتی مزینانی, 23 November 1933 – 18 June 1977) was an Iranian revolutionary and sociologist who focused on the sociology of religion.

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All-Channel Receiver Act

The All-Channel Receiver Act of 1962 (ACRA), commonly known as the All-Channels Act, was passed by the United States Congress in 1961, to allow the Federal Communications Commission to require that all television set manufacturers must include UHF tuners, so that new UHF-band TV stations (then channels 14 to 83) could be received by the public.

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Allgemeiner Deutscher Nachrichtendienst

The Allgemeiner Deutscher Nachrichtendienst (ADN), German for General German News Service, was the state news agency in the German Democratic Republic (GDR).

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Allocative efficiency

Allocative efficiency is a state of the economy in which production represents consumer preferences; in particular, every good or service is produced up to the point where the last unit provides a marginal benefit to consumers equal to the marginal cost of producing.

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Altadis

Altadis was a multinational purveyor and manufacturer of cigarettes, tobacco and cigars.

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AlterNIC

AlterNIC was an unofficial, controversial Internet domain name registry that relied on an alternative DNS root.

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Altice Portugal

Altice Portugal (formerly known as Portugal Telecom or PT) is the largest telecommunications service provider in Portugal.

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Amasa Stone

Amasa Stone, Jr. (April 27, 1818 – May 11, 1883) was an American industrialist who is best remembered for having created a regional railroad empire centered in the U.S. state of Ohio from 1860 to 1883.

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Ambundu

The Northern Mbundu or Ambundu (distinct from the Southern Mbundu or Ovimbundu) are a Bantu people living in Angola's North-West, North of the river Kwanza.

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American Fur Company

The American Fur Company (AFC) was founded in 1808, by John Jacob Astor, a German immigrant to the United States.

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American Tobacco Company

The American Tobacco Company was a tobacco company founded in 1890 by J. B. Duke through a merger between a number of U.S. tobacco manufacturers including Allen and Ginter and Goodwin & Company.

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Amir Kabir

Mirza Taghi Khan Farahani (میرزا تقی‌خان فراهانی) known as Amir Kabir (امیرکبیر) (1807 – 10 January 1852), also known by the titles of Atabak and Amir-e Nezam; chief minister to Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (Shah of Persia) for the first three years of his reign and one of the most capable and innovative figures to appear in the whole Qajar period.

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Amleto Vespa

Amleto Vespa (c.1888 – 1940) was a mercenary and secret agent of Italian origin, who worked in Manchuria from 1922 to 1940, first for a local warlord, and then for the Empire of Japan.

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Amresco

AMRESCO Inc. was the new name given to "Financial Resource Management, Inc." (FRMI), a subsidiary of the NCNB Texas National Bank in 1992.

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Amsterdam Entrepôt

The Amsterdam Entrepôt is the shorthand term that English-language economic historiographers use to refer to the trade system that helped the Dutch Republic achieve primacy in world trade during the 17th century.

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Amzi L. Barber

Amzi Lorenzo Barber (1843 – April 17, 1909) was a pioneer of the asphalt industry in the United States, and an early participant in the automobile industry as well.

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Anarchism in France

Anarchism in France can trace its roots to thinker Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who grew up during the Restoration and was the first self-described anarchist.

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Anarcho-capitalism

Anarcho-capitalism is a political philosophy and school of anarchist thought that advocates the elimination of centralized state dictum in favor of self-ownership, private property and free markets.

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Andreas Rosenlund

Peter Andreas Rosenlund (born April 13, 1967) is a Swedish journalist and communication manager.

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Andrew Bannatyne

Andrew Graham Ballenden Bannatyne (October 31, 1829 – May 18, 1889) was a Canadian politician, fur trader and leading citizen of Winnipeg, Manitoba.

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Andrew Fisher

Andrew Fisher (29 August 186222 October 1928) was an Australian politician who served three separate terms as Prime Minister of Australia – from 1908 to 1909, from 1910 to 1913, and from 1914 to 1915.

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Andrew Todd (fur trader)

Andrew Todd (c. 1754–1796) was an Ulster merchant and fur trader at Montréal and Louisiana.

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Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)

The Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) was an intermittent conflict between the kingdoms of Spain and England that was never formally declared.

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Angra Nuclear Power Plant

Angra Nuclear Power Plant is Brazil's only nuclear power plant.

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Anitra Steen

Anitra Linnéa Steen (born Anitra Linnéa Bergström on 13 May 1949) is a Swedish politician, civil servant and the wife of former Prime Minister Göran Persson.

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Antara (news agency)

Antara is an Indonesian news agency organized as a private company under the Ministry of State-owned Enterprises.

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ANTEL

ANTEL (Administración Nacional de Telecomunicaciones; Spanish: National Administration of Telecommunications) is Uruguay's government-owned telecommunications company, founded in 1974 as a separate legal entity after spinning off the telecommunications division of UTE, which had the monopoly of landline telephony since 1931.

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Anti-competitive practices

Anti-competitive practices are business, government or religious practices that prevent or reduce competition in a market (see restraint of trade).

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Anti-imperialism

Anti-imperialism in political science and international relations is a term used in a variety of contexts, usually by nationalist movements who want to secede from a larger polity (usually in the form of an empire, but also in a multi-ethnic sovereign state) or as a specific theory opposed to capitalism in Marxist–Leninist discourse, derived from Vladimir Lenin's work Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism.

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Anti-Monopoly

Anti-Monopoly is a board game made by San Francisco State University Professor Ralph Anspach, in response to Monopoly.

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Anti-siphoning law

Anti-siphoning laws and regulations are designed to prevent pay television broadcasters from buying monopoly rights to televise important and culturally significant events before free-to-air television has a chance to bid on them.

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Antoine Augustin Cournot

Antoine Augustin Cournot (28 August 180131 March 1877) was a French philosopher and mathematician who also contributed to the development of economics theory.

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Antoine Crozat

Antoine Crozat, marquis du Châtel (c. 1655 – 7 June 1738), French founder of an immense fortune, was the first proprietary owner of French Louisiana, from 1712 to 1717.

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Apple Inc. litigation

The multinational technology corporation Apple Inc. has been a participant in various legal proceedings and claims since it began operation and, like its competitors and peers, engages in litigation in its normal course of business for a variety of reasons.

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Apple Inc. v. Pepper

Apple Inc.

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April 1940

The following events occurred in April 1940.

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Arabs

Arabs (عَرَب ISO 233, Arabic pronunciation) are a population inhabiting the Arab world.

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Architects (Recognition of European Qualifications etc and Saving and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2008

The Architects Act was amended in 2008 by a statutory instrument made by a minister of the United Kingdom government under the European Communities Act 1972.

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Architects' Alliance of Ireland

The Architects' Alliance of Ireland (AAoI) (Ailtirí 'Comhaontas na hÉireann) is an Irish pressure group founded in 2009.

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Arenaways

Arenaways was an open-access railway operator in Italy.

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Ariane 1

Ariane 1 was the first rocket in the Ariane family of expendable launch systems.

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Aristocracy of Norway

Aristocracy of Norway refers to modern and medieval aristocracy in Norway.

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Arlanda Express

Arlanda Express is an airport rail link connecting Stockholm Central Station with the Stockholm-Arlanda Airport outside Stockholm, Sweden.

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Arnarstapi

Arnarstapi or Stapi is a small fishing village at the foot of Mt.

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Arnold Harberger

Arnold Carl Harberger (born July 27, 1924) is an American economist.

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Artificial scarcity

Artificial scarcity describes the scarcity of items even though either the technology and production, or sharing capacity exists to create a theoretically limitless abundance, as well as the use of laws to create scarcity where otherwise there wouldn't be.

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Ashanti Empire

The Ashanti Empire (also spelled Asante) was an Akan empire and kingdom in what is now modern-day Ghana from 1670 to 1957.

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Asiento

The asiento was the license issued by the Spanish crown, they were included in some peace treaties, by which a set of merchants received the monopoly on a trade route or product, an example of it was the payment of a fee, granting legal permission to sell a fixed number of African slaves in the Spanish colonies.

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Asobo Studio

Asobo Studio SARL is a French video game development company based in Bordeaux, France, that was founded in 2002.

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Associazione Volontari Italiani Sangue

The Associazione Volontari Italiani del Sangue (AVIS) ("Association of Voluntary Italian Blood Donors") is the major Italian non-profit and charitable organisation for blood donation, bringing together over a million volunteer blood donors across Italy.

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Asterix and the Golden Sickle

Asterix and the Golden Sickle ("The Golden Sickle") is the second volume of the Asterix comic book series, by René Goscinny (stories) and Albert Uderzo (illustrations).

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Asymmetric price transmission

Asymmetric price transmission (sometimes abbreviated as APT and informally called "rockets and feathers") refers to pricing phenomenon occurring when downstream prices react in a different manner to upstream price changes, depending on the characteristics of upstream prices or changes in those prices.

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AT&T

AT&T Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate holding company headquartered at Whitacre Tower in Downtown Dallas, Texas.

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AT&T Corporation

AT&T Corp., originally the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, is the subsidiary of AT&T that provides voice, video, data, and Internet telecommunications and professional services to businesses, consumers, and government agencies.

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Atlanta Gas Light

Atlanta Gas Light Company (AGLC), commonly still known as Atlanta Gas Light (AGL), is the largest natural gas wholesaler in the Southeast U.S., and is the "AGL" in parent company AGL Resources.

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Atlanta metropolitan area

Metro Atlanta, designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget as the Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area, is the most populous metro area in the US state of Georgia and the ninth-largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the United States.

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Atlas Comics (1950s)

Atlas Comics is the 1950s comic-book publishing label that evolved into Marvel Comics.

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Aukra Auto

Aukra Auto is a bus and truck operating company based in Aukra, Norway.

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Australian design law

The Commonwealth of Australia's Designs Act 2003 replaced the Designs Act 1906.

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Australian National Airways

Australian National Airways (ANA) was Australia's predominant carrier from the mid-1930s to the early 1950s.

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Australian Post-War Reconstruction and Democratic Rights referendum, 1944

The 1944 Australian Referendum was held on 19 August 1944.

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Australian referendum, 1911 (Monopolies)

Constitution Alteration (Monopolies) 1910 was an Australian referendum held in the 1911 referendums which sought to alter the Australian Constitution to give the Commonwealth power to nationalise any corporation deemed by both houses of parliament to be a monopoly.

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Australian referendum, 1911 (Trade and Commerce)

Constitution Alteration (Legislative Powers) 1910 was an Australian referendum held in the 1911 referendums which sought to alter the Australian Constitution to extend the Commonwealth power in respect of trade and commerce, the control of corporations, labour and employment and combinations and monopolies.

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Australian referendum, 1913 (Monopolies)

Constitution Alteration (Nationalisation of Monopolies) 1912 was an Australian referendum held in the 1913 referendums which sought to alter the Australian Constitution to give the Commonwealth legislative power in respect to monopolies.

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Australian referendum, 1919 (Monopolies)

Constitution Alteration (Nationalisation of Monopolies) 1919 was a Referendums in Australia which sought to alter the Australian Constitution to extend the government's power to legislate in respect of monopolies.

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Authors' rights

"Author's rights" is a term frequently used in connection with laws about intellectual property.

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Automotive industry in Uzbekistan

Before 1992, Uzbekistan had absolutely no automotive industry, being part of the Soviet Union.

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Average cost pricing

Average cost pricing is one of the ways the government regulates a monopoly market.

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Ax:son Johnson family

The Ax:son Johnson family is a prominent Swedish business family, controlling the Axel Johnson Group and Nordstjernan.

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Axe manufacturing in Pennsylvania

Axes and other edge tools have been manufactured in central Pennsylvania since before 1825.

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B. O. Flower

Benjamin Orange Flower (October 19, 1858 – December 24, 1918), known most commonly by his initials "B.O.", was an American muckraking journalist of the Progressive era.

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Bachelor of Management Studies

Bachelor of Management Studies or BMS is an undergraduate program for management studies offered by many universities throughout the world.

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Backward induction

Backward induction is the process of reasoning backwards in time, from the end of a problem or situation, to determine a sequence of optimal actions.

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Bahrain

Bahrain (البحرين), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain (مملكة البحرين), is an Arab constitutional monarchy in the Persian Gulf.

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Baltimore and Potomac Railroad

The Baltimore and Potomac Railroad (B&P) operated from Baltimore, Maryland, southwest to Washington, D.C., from 1872 to 1902.

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Banana

A banana is an edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa.

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Banana republic

In political science, the term banana republic describes a politically unstable country with an economy dependent upon the exportation of a limited-resource product, e.g. bananas, minerals, etc.

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Bangka Island

Bangka (or sometimes Banka) is an island lying east of Sumatra, administratively part of Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of about 1 million.

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Bank Bill of 1791

The Bank Bill of 1791 is a common term for two bills passed by the First Congress of the United States of America on February 25 and March 2 of 1791.

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Bank of California

The Bank of California was opened in San Francisco, California, on July 4, 1864, by William Chapman Ralston.

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Bank of England note issues

The Bank of England, which is now the central bank of the United Kingdom, has issued banknotes since 1694.

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Bank of Japan

The is the central bank of Japan.

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Bank of Poland

The Bank of Poland (Bank Polski) is the name of two former banks in Poland, each of which acted as a central bank.

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Banking in the United Kingdom

Banking in the United Kingdom can be considered to have started in the Kingdom of England in the 17th century.

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Banzhaf power index

The Banzhaf power index, named after John F. Banzhaf III (originally invented by Lionel Penrose in 1946 and sometimes called Penrose–Banzhaf index; also known as the Banzhaf–Coleman index after James Samuel Coleman), is a power index defined by the probability of changing an outcome of a vote where voting rights are not necessarily equally divided among the voters or shareholders.

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Barclaycard

Barclaycard (stylized as barclaycard) is a multinational credit card and payment services provider, and a division of Barclays plc.

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Bargaining power

Bargaining power is the relative ability of parties in a situation to exert influence over each other.

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Barnacle Bill (1941 film)

Barnacle Bill is a 1941 feature film starring Wallace Beery.

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Barriers to entry

In theories of competition in economics, a barrier to entry, or an economic barrier to entry, is a cost that must be incurred by a new entrant into a market that incumbents do not have or have not had to incur.

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Battle of San Juan de Ulúa (1568)

The Battle of San Juan de Ulúa was a battle between English privateers and Spanish forces at San Juan de Ulúa (in modern Veracruz).

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Baxter's law

Baxter's law (also known as the Bell doctrine) is a law of economics that describes how a monopoly in a regulated industry can extend into, and dominate, a non-regulated industry.

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Búðir

Búðir (transliterated Búdir) is a small hamlet in Búðahraun lava fields in Staðarsveit, which is in the western region of Iceland, on the westernmost tip of the Snaefellsnes peninsula where Hraunhafnará falls to the sea, the original old name of Búðir having been Hraunhöfn.

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BBC One

BBC One is the flagship television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation in the United Kingdom, Isle of Man and Channel Islands.

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Beef Trust (burlesque)

Beef Trust, in the context of American burlesque, was a chorus line composed of large and reportedly beautiful women known as Billy Watson's "Beef Trust." Use of the phrase in American burlesque was adopted after the turn of the 20th century (around 1909) by Billy Watson (né Isaac Levy; 1852–1945), a comedian, theater manager, and stock company entrepreneur.

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Beer in Canada

Beer in Canada was introduced by European settlers in the seventeenth century.

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Beienrode (Königslutter)

Beienrode is a small village close to the mountain range Dorm in the Bundesland Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances

The Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances is a multilateral treaty which regulates copyright for audiovisual performances and expands the performers' rights.

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Bell System

The Bell System was the system of companies, led by the Bell Telephone Company and later by AT&T, which provided telephone services to much of the United States and Canada from 1877 to 1984, at various times as a monopoly.

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Bell Telephone Company

The Bell Telephone Company, a common law joint stock company, was organized in Boston, Massachusetts on July 9, 1877, by Alexander Graham Bell's father-in-law Gardiner Greene Hubbard, who also helped organize a sister company — the New England Telephone and Telegraph Company.

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Bene Tleilax

The Bene Tleilax or Tleilaxu are an extremely xenophobic and isolationist society in Frank Herbert's science fiction ''Dune'' universe.

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Benefis Health System

Benefis Health System is a nonprofit independent health care system based in the city of Great Falls in the state of Montana in the United States.

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Benjamin Bates IV

Benjamin Edward Bates IV (July 12, 1808 – January 14, 1878) was an American rail industrialist, textile tycoon and philanthropist.

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Benjamin Charles Garside

Benjamin Charles Garside (June 26, 1863 - ?) was an American machinist from Milwaukee, Wisconsin who served one term as a People's Party member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

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Benjamin Franklin Fairless

Benjamin Franklin Fairless (May 3, 1890 — January 1, 1962) was an American steel company executive.

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Benjamin Harrison

Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833 – March 13, 1901) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 23rd President of the United States from 1889 to 1893.

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Berdychiv

Berdychiv (Бердичів, Polish: Berdyczów, Bardichev, Berdichev) is a historic city in the Zhytomyr Oblast (province) of northern Ukraine.

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Bertrand competition

Bertrand competition is a model of competition used in economics, named after Joseph Louis François Bertrand (1822–1900).

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Bertrand paradox (economics)

In economics and commerce, the Bertrand paradox — named after its creator, Joseph Bertrand — describes a situation in which two players (firms) reach a state of Nash equilibrium where both firms charge a price equal to marginal cost ("MC").

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Bezeq

Bezeq (בזק) is an Israeli telecommunications company.

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Bhavnagar Thermal Power Station

Bhavnagar Thermal Power Station or Padva Thermal Power Station is a coal-based thermal power plant located in Padva village near Ghogha town in Bhavnagar district, Gujarat.

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Bilateral monopoly

A bilateral monopoly is a market structure consisting of both a monopoly (a single seller) and a monopsony (a single buyer).

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Bimbia

Bimbia was an independent state of the Isubu people of Cameroon.

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Black Patch Tobacco Wars

The Black Patch Tobacco Wars were a period of civil unrest and violence in the western counties of the U.S. states of Kentucky and Tennessee at the turn of the 20th century, circa 1904-1909.

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Bloomsburg and Sullivan Railroad

The Bloomsburg and Sullivan Railroad, (e.1888-d.1972) also called the B & S Railroad, was a long-lived independent shortline railroad that existed under that name operating independently from 1888 to 1928As stated in the article, the railroad existed under a different name from 1928 to 1972 in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, when it was made a subsidiary of the Reading Railroad, which closed it in 1972.

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BNSF Railway

The BNSF Railway Company is the largest freight railroad network in North America, followed by the Union Pacific Railroad (UP) in second place, its primary competitor for Western U.S. freight.

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Board of Commerce case

Re Board of Commerce Act 1919 and the Combines and Fair Prices Act 1919, commonly known as the Board of Commerce case, is a Canadian constitutional decision of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in which the "emergency doctrine" under the federal power of peace, order and good government was first created.

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Bobby Baccalieri

Robert "Bobby Baccalà" Baccalieri, Jr., played by Steve Schirripa, is a fictional character on the HBO series The Sopranos.

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Bonneville Dam

Bonneville Lock and Dam consists of several run-of-the-river dam structures that together complete a span of the Columbia River between the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington at River Mile 146.1.

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Boreal Norge

Boreal Norge AS (formerly Veolia Transport Norge AS and Connex Norge AS) is a Norwegian public transport operator.

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Bourbon Reforms

The Bourbon Reforms (Castilian: Reformas Borbónicas) were a set of economic and political legislation promulgated by the Spanish Crown under various kings of the House of Bourbon, mainly in the 18th century.

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Boxer TV Access

Boxer TV Access is a Swedish company providing pay television channels on the digital terrestrial television network in Sweden.

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Braathens

Braathens ASA, until 1997 Braathens South American & Far East Airtransport A/S and trading as Braathens SAFE, was a Norwegian airline which operated from 1946 until it merged with Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) in 2004 to become SAS Braathens.

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Bradley Theodore

Bradley Theodore is a visual artist.

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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Breakup of the Bell System

The breakup of the Bell System was mandated on January 8, 1982, by an agreed consent decree providing that AT&T Corporation would, as had been initially proposed by AT&T, relinquish control of the Bell Operating Companies that had provided local telephone service in the United States and Canada up until that point.

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Brewers' Distributor

Brewers' Distributor Ltd. or BDL is a Canadian company that distributes beer throughout the four western provinces and three northern territories.

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Brewing right

In Medieval times, the brewing right or gruit right was one of the privileges granted by the land owner or territorial ruler.

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Bright Leaf

Bright Leaf is a 1950 American drama film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Gary Cooper, Lauren Bacall and Patricia Neal.

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Bristol slave trade

Bristol is a city in the South West of England, on the River Avon which flows into the Severn Estuary.

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British Caledonian in the 1980s

British airline British Caledonian (BCal) suffered a series of major setbacks in the 1980s as a result of several geopolitical events that occurred during that decade.

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British Coal

The British Coal Corporation was a nationalised corporation responsible for the mining of coal in the United Kingdom.

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British United Airways

British United Airways (BUA) was a private, independentindependent from government-owned corporations British airline formed as a result of the merger of Airwork Services and Hunting-Clan Air Transport in July 1960, making it the largest wholly private airline based in the United Kingdom at the time.

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Broadcasting in the United States

Broadcasting in the United States began with experiments with wireless transmission during the middle of the 19th century, with varying degrees of success.

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Brookhaven, Pennsylvania

Brookhaven is a borough in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Bullionism

Bullionism is an economic theory that defines wealth by the amount of precious metals owned.

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Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft

Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft m.b.H or BIG is a quasi-governmental company in Austria, which manages Austrian publicly owned real estate.

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Bunzl

Bunzl plc is a multinational distribution and outsourcing company headquartered in London, United Kingdom.

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Burletta

In theater and music history, a burletta (Italian, meaning "little joke", sometimes burla or burlettina) is a brief comic opera.

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Business model

A business model describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value,Business Model Generation, Alexander Osterwalder, Yves Pigneur, Alan Smith, and 470 practitioners from 45 countries, self-published, 2010 in economic, social, cultural or other contexts.

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Business models for open-source software

Open-source software is widely used both as independent applications and as components in non-open-source applications.

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California Steam Navigation Company

California Steam Navigation Company was a California steamship company formed by a group of steamship captains in 1854.

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Calmfors–Driffill hypothesis

The Calmfors–Driffill hypothesis is a macroeconomic theory in labour economics that states that there is a direct relationship between the degree of collective bargaining in an economy and the level of unemployment.

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Canadian Football Act

The Canadian Football Act (1974), (the Act) also known in its long title as An Act respecting Canadian Professional Football, was a proposed Act by the Parliament of Canada in April 1974 designed to give a government-protected monopoly over professional football in Canada to the Canadian Football League (CFL).

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Canadian Northern Railway

The Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR) is a historic Canadian transcontinental railway.

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Canadian patent law

Canadian patent law is the legal system regulating the granting of patents for inventions within Canada, and the enforcement of these rights in Canada.

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Canadian Wheat Board

The Canadian Wheat Board (Commission canadienne du blé) was a marketing board for wheat and barley in Western Canada.

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Canberra Community Voters

Canberra Community Voters is a political party in the Australian Capital Territory formed by former lobbyist Richard Farmer.

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Cannabis in Ohio

In the U.S. state of Ohio, cannabis is illegal for recreational use, but possession of up to 100 grams is decriminalized.

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Cantagalo, Rio de Janeiro

Cantagalo, formerly spelled Cantagallo, is a city located in the east-central area of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.

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Capcom Five

The Capcom Five are five video games that were unveiled by Capcom in late 2002 and published from March 2003.

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Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system based upon private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

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Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy

Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy is a book on economics (and in other levels, on sociology and history) by Joseph Schumpeter, arguably the most (or one of the most) famous, debated and important book by Schumpeter, and one of the most famous, debated and important books on social theory, social sciences and economics, in which he deals with capitalism, socialism and creative destruction.

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Capper–Volstead Act

Capper–Volstead Act (P.L. 67-146), the Co-operative Marketing Associations Act (7 U.S.C. 291, 292) was adopted by the United States Congress on February 18, 1922.

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Captive market

Captive markets are markets where the potential consumers face a severely limited number of competitive suppliers; their only choices are to purchase what is available or to make no purchase at all.

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Carl Frederik Tietgen

Carl Frederik Tietgen (19 March 1829 – 19 October 1901) was a Danish financier and industrialist.

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Carl Rüedi

Carl Rüedi (April 21 (or 23?), 1848 – June 17, 1901) was a Swiss pulmonologist and at his lifetime one of the best-known physicians in Graubünden.

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Carlos Slim

Carlos Slim Helú (born January 28, 1940) is a Mexican business magnate, engineer, investor and philanthropist.

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Carrier preselect

Carrier preselect is a term relating to the telecommunications industry.

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Cartel

A cartel is a group of apparently independent producers whose goal is to increase their collective profits by means of price fixing, limiting supply, or other restrictive practices.

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Carthage

Carthage (from Carthago; Punic:, Qart-ḥadašt, "New City") was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia.

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Case-based evidence

Case-based evidence is a scientific method based on the supposition that certain human behavioural patterns, also including basic attitudes and stances, and with particular reference to the acceptance of systems, technical devices and procedures, can be transferred from a series of given problems, the 'analogical sources', to another, current problem, the 'analogical target'.

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Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed inland body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea.

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Castile soap

Castile soap is an olive-oil-based hard soap made in a style similar to that originating in the Castile region of Spain.

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Castle Rock Entertainment, Inc. v. Carol Publishing Group Inc.

Castle Rock Entertainment Inc.

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CAT Telecom

CAT Telecom Public Company Limited is the state-owned company that runs Thailand’s international telecommunications infrastructure, including its international gateways, satellite, and submarine cable networks connections.

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Causes of income inequality in the United States

Causes of income inequality in the United States describes why changes in the country's income distribution are occurring.

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Causes of the Great Depression

The causes of the Great Depression in the early 20th century have been extensively discussed by economists and remain a matter of active debate.

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Célestine Ketcha Courtès

Célestine Ketcha Courtès (born 13 October 1964) is a Cameroonian politician who serves as mayor of Bangangté and is president of the Network for Locally Elected Women of Africa (in French, Réseau des Femmes Elues Locales d’Afrique, often called REFELA).

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Cedar Falls Utilities

Cedar Falls Utilities (CFU) is a municipally-owned public utility serving Cedar Falls, Iowa and is a member of the Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities (IAMU).

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Cedar Falls, Iowa

Cedar Falls is a city in Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States.

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Cementation process

The cementation process is an obsolete technology for making steel by carburization of iron.

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Censorship in the Philippines

Censorship in the Philippines refers to the control of certain information in the Philippines.

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Cent Quatre

The Cent Quatre (meaning "104") is a public cultural centre in Paris, which opened on 11 October 2008 on the site of a former municipal undertaker's at 104 rue d'Aubervilliers, in the 19th arrondissement of the city.

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Central bank

A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages a state's currency, money supply, and interest rates.

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Chaebol

A chaebol is a large industrial conglomerate that is run and controlled by an owner or family in South Korea.

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Chainstore paradox

The chainstore paradox (or "chain-store paradox") is a concept that purports to refute standard game theory reasoning.

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Chamberlinian monopolistic competition

In Chamberlinian monopolistic competition every one of the firms have some monopoly power, but entry drives monopoly profits to zero.

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Charles de Biencourt de Saint-Just

Baron Charles de Biencourt de Saint-Just (1591 or 1592, Champagne, France – 1623 or 1624, Port-Royal of what was then Acadia, New France) was a member of the French nobility and military officer.

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Charles Deaton

Charles Utter Deaton (January 1, 1921 – December 18, 1996) was an American architect.

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Charles III William, Margrave of Baden-Durlach

Charles III William (Karl III.; Durlach, by Johann Wilhelm Braun, a historian and former employee of the Commission for Regional History, in Badische Neueste Nachrichten, 30 January 2011, p. 4 – 12 May 1738, Karlsruhe) was Margrave of Baden-Durlach between 1709 and 1738.

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Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge

Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge,, was a case regarding the Charles River Bridge and the Warren Bridge of Boston, Massachusetts, heard by the United States Supreme Court under the leadership of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney.

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Chief ethics officer

The Chief Ethics Officer (CFO) is a senior ranking individual in an organization.

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Child labour in the diamond industry

Child labour in the diamond industry is a widely reported and criticized issue on diamond industry for using child labour in diamond mines and polishing procedures in poor conditions mainly in India and Africa.

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China National Salt Industry Corporation

China National Salt Industry Corporation, abbreviated as China Salt, is a state-owned enterprise of China which controls a monopoly over the management and production of edible salt.

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China Tobacco

China National Tobacco Corporation (commonly known as China Tobacco, abbreviated as CNTC) (Zhōngguó yāncǎo zǒng gōngsī) is a Chinese state-owned manufacturer of tobacco products.

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Chinatown, Manhattan

Manhattan's Chinatown is a neighborhood in Lower Manhattan, New York City, bordering the Lower East Side to its east, Little Italy to its north, Civic Center to its south, and Tribeca to its west.

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Chinese industrialization

In the 1960s, about 60% of the Chinese Labor Force were employed in agriculture.

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Chioggia

Chioggia (Venetian: Cióxa, Latin: Clodia) is a coastal town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Venice in the Veneto region of northern Italy.

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Christine A. Varney

Christine A. Varney is an American lawyer, lobbyist, and internet policy and antitrust expert who is most widely known as a former U.S. Assistant Attorney General for the Antitrust Division for the Obama Administration and as a Federal Trade Commissioner for the Clinton Administration.

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Christine Kirch

Christine Kirch (1696 in Guben, Germany – 6 May 1782), was a German astronomer.

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Christopher Hutton

Christopher William Clayton Hutton (1893–1965) a soldier, airman, journalist and inventor, was recruited as an intelligence officer to work for MI9, a branch of the British Military Intelligence, during the Second World War.

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Christopher Villiers, 1st Earl of Anglesey

Christopher Villiers, 1st Earl of Anglesey (– 3 April 1630), known at court as Kit Villiers, was an English courtier, Gentleman of the Bedchamber and later Master of the Robes to King James I. In 1623 he was ennobled as Earl of Anglesey and Baron Villiers of Daventry.

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Chronology of Nintendo 64 games

This is a comprehensive chronology of Nintendo 64 games.

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CIECH

CIECH S.A., established in Łódź, Poland in 1945, is one of the leaders on the European chemical industry.

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Cigar

A cigar is a rolled bundle of dried and fermented tobacco leaves made to be smoked.

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Cinema of the Philippines

The cinema of the Philippines (Filipino: Pelikulang Pilipino or Sine Pilipino) began with the introduction of the first moving pictures to the country on January 1, 1897 at the Salón de Pertierra in Manila.

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Cinnamon

Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of several tree species from the genus Cinnamomum.

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Cinque Ports

The Confederation of Cinque Ports is a historic series of coastal towns in Kent and Sussex.

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City

A city is a large human settlement.

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City rights in the Low Countries

City rights are a feature of the medieval history of the Low Countries.

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CityFlyer Express

CityFlyer Express was a short-haul regional airline with its head office in the Iain Stewart Centre next to London Gatwick Airport in England.

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Clara Bow

Clara Gordon Bow (July 29, 1905 – September 27, 1965) was an American actress who rose to stardom in silent film during the 1920s and successfully made the transition to "talkies" after 1927.

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Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914

The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 (codified at), was a part of United States antitrust law with the goal of adding further substance to the U.S. antitrust law regime; the Clayton Act sought to prevent anticompetitive practices in their incipiency.

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Click! Network

Click! Network is a broadband cable system owned by Tacoma Power, a part of Tacoma Public Utilities in Tacoma, Washington.

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Clifford Durr

Clifford Judkins Durr (March 2, 1899 – May 12, 1975) was an Alabama lawyer who played an important role in defending activists and others accused of disloyalty during the New Deal and McCarthy eras, and who represented Rosa Parks in her challenge to the constitutionality of the ordinance requiring the segregation of passengers on buses in Montgomery that launched the 1955-56 Montgomery Bus Boycott.

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Closed platform

A closed platform, walled garden or closed ecosystem is a software system where the carrier or service provider has control over applications, content, and media, and restricts convenient access to non-approved applications or content.

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Cloud computing issues

Cloud computing has become a social phenomenon used by most people every day.

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Clove

Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum.

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Coach (sport)

In sports, a coach is a person involved in the direction, instruction and training of the operations of a sports team or of individual sportspeople.

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Coase conjecture

The Coase conjecture, developed first by Ronald Coase, is an argument in monopoly theory.

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Cochabamba Water War

No description.

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Cocoa production in Ghana

Cocoa is the chief agricultural export of Ghana and Ghana's main cash crop.

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Coercive monopoly

In economics and business ethics, a coercive monopoly is a firm that is able to raise prices, and make production decisions, without risk of competition arising to draw away their customers.

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Coinage Act of 1857

The Coinage Act of 1857 (Act of Feb. 21, 1857, Chap. 56, 34th Cong., Sess. III, 11 Stat. 163) was an act of the United States Congress which ended the status of foreign coins as legal tender, repealing all acts "authorizing the currency of foreign gold or silver coins".

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Collective bargaining

Collective bargaining is a process of negotiation between employers and a group of employees aimed at agreements to regulate working salaries, working conditions, benefits, and other aspects of workers' compensation and rights for workers.

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Collective business system

A collective business system or collective business model is a business organization or association typically composed of relatively large numbers of businesses, tradespersons or professionals in the same or related fields of endeavor, which pools resources, shares information or provides other benefits for their members.

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College Board

College Board is an American non-profit organization that was formed in December 1899 as the College Entrance Examination Board (CEEB) to expand access to higher education.

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Colonialism

Colonialism is the policy of a polity seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of developing or exploiting them to the benefit of the colonizing country and of helping the colonies modernize in terms defined by the colonizers, especially in economics, religion and health.

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Colt Paterson

The Colt Paterson is a revolver.

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Columbus Monthly

Columbus Monthly is a magazine that has been an important and influential voice in Central Ohio.

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Comecon

The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (English abbreviation COMECON, CMEA, or CAME) was an economic organization from 1949 to 1991 under the leadership of the Soviet Union that comprised the countries of the Eastern Bloc along with a number of communist states elsewhere in the world.

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Comisión Federal de Competencia

The Comisión Federal de Competencia (CFC), or Federal Competition Commission, is an agency of the government of Mexico, under the Ministry of Economy.

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Commercial Cable Company

The Commercial Cable Company was founded in New York in 1884 by John William Mackay and James Gordon Bennett, Jr. Their motivation was to break the then virtual monopoly of Jay Gould on transatlantic telegraphy and bring down prices (particularly for Bennett's newspaper empire).

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Common law copyright

Common law copyright is the legal doctrine which grants copyright protection based on common law of various jurisdictions, rather than through protection of statutory law.

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Common Rotation

Common Rotation is an American indie folk rock band consisting of Eric Kufs, (vocals, guitar), Adam Busch (vocals, saxophone, harmonica, glockenspiel), and Jordan Katz (vocals, trumpet, banjo).

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Common value auction

In common value auctions the value of the item for sale is identical amongst bidders, but bidders have different information about the item's value.

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Communications in Argentina

Communications in Argentina gives an overview of the postal, telephone, Internet, radio, television, and newspaper services available in Argentina.

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Communist Party of Britain

The Communist Party of Britain is a communist and Marxist–Leninist political party organised in Great Britain and since 2012 has been the sole British representative at the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties.

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Compagnie van Verre

The Compagnie van Verre (long-distance company) was a forerunner of the Dutch East India Company.

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Company of Masters

The Company of Maisters of the Science of Defence was an organisation formed in England during the reign of Henry VIII to regulate the teaching of the Arte of Defence or fencing, using a range of weapons, including the rapier, quarterstaff, and, most notably, the broadsword.

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Company of One Hundred Associates

The Company of One Hundred Associates (French: formally the Compagnie de la Nouvelle France, or colloquially the Compagnie des Cent-Associés or Compagnie du Canada or Company of New France) was a French trading and colonization company chartered in 1627 to capitalize on the North American fur trade and to expand French colonies there.

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Company scrip

Company scrip is scrip (a substitute for government-issued legal tender or currency) issued by a company to pay its employees.

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Company store

A company store is a retail store selling a limited range of food, clothing and daily necessities to employees of a company.

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Comparison of Canadian and American economies

The economies of Canada and the United States are similar because they are both developed countries and are each other's largest trading partners.

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Competition

Competition is, in general, a contest or rivalry between two or more entities, organisms, animals, individuals, economic groups or social groups, etc., for territory, a niche, for scarce resources, goods, for mates, for prestige, recognition, for awards, for group or social status, or for leadership and profit.

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Competition (economics)

In economics, competition is a condition where different economic firmsThis article follows the general economic convention of referring to all actors as firms; examples in include individuals and brands or divisions within the same (legal) firm.

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Competition Authority (Ireland)

The Competition Authority (TCA) was responsible for enforcing Irish and European competition law in the Republic of Ireland and promoting competition in the economy.

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Competition Bureau (Canada)

The Competition Bureau (Bureau de la concurrence) is an independent Canadian law enforcement agency that ensures that businesses operate in a competitive, innovative manner.

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Competition law

Competition law is a law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies.

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Competition regulator

A competition regulator is a government agency, typically a statutory authority, sometimes called an economic regulator, which regulates and enforces competition laws, and may sometimes also enforce consumer protection laws.

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Competitive local exchange carrier

A competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC), in the United States and Canada, is a telecommunications provider company (sometimes called a "carrier") competing with other, already established carriers (generally the incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC)).

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Complementary monopoly

In a complementary monopoly is an economic concept.

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Computer Professionals' Union

Computer Professionals' Union (CPU or CP-Union) is a mass organization of information and communications technology (ICT) professionals, practitioners, and workers in the Philippines.

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Concentration of media ownership

Concentration of media ownership (also known as media consolidation or media convergence) is a process whereby progressively fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media.

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Concentration ratio

The most common concentration ratios are the CR4 and the CR8, which means the market share of the four and the eight largest firms.

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Concert Communications Services

Concert Communications Services was a $1 billion joint venture, originally launched June 1994 by BT Group and MCI Communications.

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Conflicting Kingdoms

Conflicting Kingdoms is a card-based board game released in June 2011 by the game publisher DeckVoid Ltd.

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Confusopoly

Confusopoly (aka Dilbert's confusopoly) is an economic and marketing term referring to a purposeful act by a seller or group of sellers to confuse the buyer in order to ease the sale.

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Conglomerate (company)

A conglomerate is the combination of two or more corporations operating in entirely different industries under one corporate group, usually involving a parent company and many subsidiaries.

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Conjectural variation

In oligopoly theory, conjectural variation is the belief that one firm has an idea about the way its competitors may react if it varies its output or price.

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Constitution of Tennessee

The Constitution of the State of Tennessee defines the form, structure, activities, character, and fundamental rules (and means for changing them) of the U.S. State of Tennessee.

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Constitutionalization attempts in Iran

The Persian Constitutional Revolution was a short-lived push for democratic rule in the form of a constitutional monarchy within a highly elitist yet decentralized society under the Qajars.

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Consulates in extraterritorial jurisdictions

In countries outside of its borders, a foreign power often has extraterritorial rights over its official representation (such as a consulate).

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Consumer network

The notion of consumer networks expresses the idea that people’s embeddedness in social networks affects their behavior as consumers.

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Consumer privacy

Consumer privacy is a form of information privacy concerned with the legal and political issues arising from the interaction of the public's expectation of privacy with the collection and dissemination of data by businesses or merchants.

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Consumers' co-operative

Consumers' co-operatives are enterprises owned by consumers and managed democratically which aim at fulfilling the needs and aspirations of their members.

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Content cartel

The phrase content cartel has been used by their opponents to describe the Recording Industry Association of America and the Motion Picture Association of America.

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Continental divide

A continental divide is a drainage divide on a continent such that the drainage basin on one side of the divide feeds into one ocean or sea, and the basin on the other side either feeds into a different ocean or sea, or else is endorheic, not connected to the open sea.

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Control commission

A control commission is an independent regulatory body.

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Convexity in economics

Convexity is an important topic in economics.

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Cooperative Wheat Pool of Western Australia

Cooperative Wheat Pool of Western Australia, commonly known as the Wheat Pool of Western Australia, is a cooperative of wheat growers in Western Australia.

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Copper Kings

The Copper Kings were the three industrialists William A. Clark, Marcus Daly, and F. Augustus Heinze.

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Copyright infringement

Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works.

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Copyright law of France

No description.

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Copyright law of Russia

Copyright in Russia developed originally along the same lines as in Western European countries.

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Copyright term

Copyright term is the length of time copyright subsists in a work before it passes into the public domain.

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Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988

The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, also known as the CDPA, is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that received Royal Assent on 15 November 1988.

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Corazon Aquino

Maria Corazon "Cory" Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino (January 25, 1933 – August 1, 2009) was a Filipina politician who served as the 11th President of the Philippines and the first woman to hold that office.

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Cornering the market

In finance, cornering the market consists of obtaining sufficient control of a particular stock, commodity, or other asset in an attempt to manipulate the market price.

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Corporate law

Corporate law (also known as business law or enterprise law or sometimes company law) is the body of law governing the rights, relations, and conduct of persons, companies, organizations and businesses.

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Corporate personhood

Corporate personhood is the legal notion that a corporation, separately from its associated human beings (like owners, managers, or employees), has at least some of the legal rights and responsibilities enjoyed by natural persons (physical humans).

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Corporation

A corporation is a company or group of people or an organisation authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.

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Corporation (feudal Europe)

In feudal Europe, a corporation (from the Latin corpus, corporis a body) was an aggregation of business interests into a single legal body, entity or compact, usually with an explicit license from city, church, or national leaders.

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Corruption

Corruption is a form of dishonesty undertaken by a person entrusted with a position of authority, often to acquire personal benefit.

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Corruption in Angola

Angola's president, Jose Eduardo dos Santos, has been accused of creating one of the most corrupt countries in Africa.

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Corruption in Turkey

Corruption in Turkey is an issue affecting the accession of Turkey to the European Union.

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Corsican mafia

The Corsican mafia is a set of criminal groups which are part of the French Mob, originating from Corsica.

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Corwin D. Edwards

Corwin D. Edwards (born 1901 or 1902 in Nevada, Missouri; died 21 April 1979 in Dallas) was an American economist.

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Cottage cheese boycott

The cottage cheese boycott (מחאת הקוטג' or) was an Israeli consumer boycott which began in June 2011 using Facebook.

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Courier du Bas-Rhin

Courier du Bas-Rhin (or Courrier du Bas Rhin, lit. Courier of Lower Rhine) was one of the leading European papers of the late 18th century and the Enlightenment period.

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Cournot competition

Cournot competition is an economic model used to describe an industry structure in which companies compete on the amount of output they will produce, which they decide on independently of each other and at the same time.

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Creative destruction

Creative destruction (German: schöpferische Zerstörung), sometimes known as Schumpeter's gale, is a concept in economics which since the 1950s has become most readily identified with the Austrian-American economist Joseph Schumpeter who derived it from the work of Karl Marx and popularized it as a theory of economic innovation and the business cycle.

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Credit card

A credit card is a payment card issued to users (cardholders) to enable the cardholder to pay a merchant for goods and services based on the cardholder's promise to the card issuer to pay them for the amounts so paid plus the other agreed charges.

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Criticism of capitalism

Criticism of capitalism ranges from expressing disagreement with the principles of capitalism in its entirety to expressing disagreement with particular outcomes of capitalism.

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Criticism of libertarianism

Criticism of libertarianism includes ethical, economic, environmental and pragmatic concerns.

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Criticism of Walmart

Walmart has been criticized by groups and individuals, including labor unions and small-town advocates protesting against Walmart policies and business practices and their effects.

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Criticisms of corporations

The notion of a legally sanctioned corporation remains controversial for several reasons, most of which stem from the granting of corporations both limited liability on the part of its members and the status and rights of a legal person.

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Criticisms of the labour theory of value

Criticisms of the labor theory of value often arise as part of an economic criticism of Marxism.

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Crony capitalism

Crony capitalism is an economy in which businesses thrive not as a result of risks they take, but rather as a return on money amassed through a nexus between a business class and the political class.

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Crony-capitalism index

The crony-capitalism index aims to indicate whether the livelihood of the people from certain country or city with a capitalist economy are easily affected by crony capitalism.

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Cross Country services

Cross Country services on the British rail network carry passengers between regions on routes avoiding London termini.

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Cross subsidization

Cross subsidization is the practice of charging higher prices to one group of consumers to subsidize lower prices for another group.

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Crown Paints

Crown Paints is a major paint manufacturer based in Darwen, Lancashire.

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Crown Perth

Crown Perth (formerly Burswood Island Casino, Burswood Island Complex and Burswood Entertainment Complex) is a resort and casino located in Burswood, Western Australia, near the Swan River.

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Currency

A currency (from curraunt, "in circulation", from currens, -entis), in the most specific use of the word, refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins.

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Customer franchise

A customer franchise refers to the cumulative image of a product, held by the consumer, resulting from long exposure to the product or marketing of the product.

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Cyborg 2

Cyborg 2, released in some countries as Glass Shadow, is a 1993 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Schroeder and starring Elias Koteas, Angelina Jolie, Billy Drago, Karen Sheperd and Jack Palance.

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Czech Airlines

Czech Airlines a.s. (abbreviation: ČSA, České aerolinie, a.s.) is the national airline of the Czech Republic.

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Dad Behavior

"Dad Behavior" is the eighth episode of the twenty-eighth season of the animated television series The Simpsons, and the 604th episode of the series overall.

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Daily fantasy sports

Daily fantasy sports (DFS) are a subset of fantasy sport games.

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Daimler Company

The Daimler Company Limited, until 1910, the Daimler Motor Company Limited, was an independent British motor vehicle manufacturer founded in London by H. J. Lawson in 1896, which set up its manufacturing base in Coventry.

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Dallara

Dallara Automobili is an Italian chassis manufacturer for various motor racing series, being most notable for its near-monopoly in Formula Three since 1993.

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Dan Gertler

Dan Gertler (born December 1973) is an Israeli billionaire businessman in natural resources and the founder and President of the DGI (Dan Gertler International) Group of Companies.

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Dan Lungu

Dan Lungu (born September 15, 1969) is a Romanian novelist, short story writer, poet and dramatist, also known as a literary theorist and sociologist.

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Danny Gardella

Daniel Lewis Gardella (February 26, 1920 – March 6, 2005) was an American left fielder in Major League Baseball who played with the New York Giants (1944–45) and St. Louis Cardinals (1950).

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Dansk Retursystem

Dansk Retursystem A/S is a Danish not-for-profit organization that handles the Danish Container deposit system.

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Darcy v Allein

Edward Darcy Esquire v Thomas Allin of London Haberdasher (1602) 74 ER 1131 (also spelled as "Allain" or "Allen" and "Allein" but most widely known as the Case of Monopolies), was an early landmark case in English law, establishing that the grant of exclusive rights to produce any article was improper (monopoly).

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David S. Evans

David Sparks Evans (born 1954) is the chairman of the Global Economics Group in the firm’s Boston office, and has broad experience in the economics of antitrust, intellectual property, and financial regulation.

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David Sarnoff

David Sarnoff (Даві́д Сарно́ў, Дави́д Сарно́в, February 27, 1891 – December 12, 1971) was an American businessman and pioneer of American radio and television.

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DÜWAG

The Duewag AG was one of Germany's major manufacturers for rail vehicles.

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Dão DOC

Dão is a Portuguese wine region situated in the Região Demarcada do Dão with the Dão-Lafões sub region of the Centro, Portugal.

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Dương Thu Hương

Dương Thu Hương (born 1947) is a Vietnamese author and political dissident.

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De Beers

The De Beers Group of Companies is an international corporation that specialises in diamond exploration, diamond mining, diamond retail, diamond trading and industrial diamond manufacturing sectors.

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De Beers antitrust litigation

The De Beers diamonds antitrust class action sought to end an alleged 60-year conspiracy to fix the price of rough diamonds in the U.S. by the De Beers group of companies.

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De facto

In law and government, de facto (or;, "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, even if not legally recognised by official laws.

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De facto monopoly

A de facto monopoly is a monopoly that was not created by government.

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De facto standard

A standard is a custom or convention that has achieved a dominant position by public acceptance or market forces (for example, by early entrance to the market).

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De-linkage

De-linkage is a proposed model for development of new pharmaceutical drugs where "de-link" refers to isolating the profitability of a drug from its volume of sales.

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Deadweight loss

A deadweight loss, also known as excess burden or allocative inefficiency, is a loss of economic efficiency that can occur when equilibrium for a good or a service is not achieved.

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Dean Wilkinson

Dean Earle Wilkinson (born April 18, 1967) is an English comedy writer.

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Decartelization

Decartelization is the transition of a national economy from monopoly control by groups of large businesses, known as cartels, to a free market economy.

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Declaration of Avellaneda

The Declaration of Avellaneda was the main platform of the intransigent movement inside the Argentine political party known as Radical Civic Union (Unión Cívica Radical, UCR).

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DEFA (film studio)

DEFA (Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft) was the state-owned film studio of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) throughout the country's existence.

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Defences in Canadian copyright law

In Canada, the Copyright Act provides a monopoly right to owners of copyrighted works.

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Deflation

In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services.

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Dejima

, in old Western documents Latinised as Deshima, Decima, Desjima, Dezima, Disma, or Disima, was a Dutch trading post notable for being the single place of direct trade and exchange between Japan and the outside world during the Edo period. It was a small fan-shaped artificial island formed by digging a canal through a small peninsula in the bay of Nagasaki in 1634 by local merchants. Dejima was built to constrain foreign traders. Originally built to house Portuguese traders, it was used by the Dutch as a trading post from 1641 until 1853. Covering an area of or, it was later integrated into the city through the process of land reclamation. In 1922, the "Dejima Dutch Trading Post" was designated a Japanese national historic site.

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Demai (Talmud)

Demai (דְּמַאי, meaning "agricultural produce about which there is a doubt whether it has been properly tithed" is the third tractate of Seder Zeraim ("Order of Seeds") of the Mishnah and of the Talmud. It deals with the Jewish legal concept of demai, doubtfully tithed produce, and concerns the laws related to agricultural produce about which it is suspected that certain obligatory tithes have not been properly separated in accordance with requirements specified in the Torah. The tithes in question are ma'aser rishon (the first tithe, for the Levite), terumath ma'aser (the Levite's tithe to the kohen), and ma'aser sheni (the second tithe, for the owner to consume in Jerusalem) or ma'aser ani (the tithe for the poor), depending on the year of the Sabbatical year cycle. The tractate consists of seven chapters and has a Gemara only in the Jerusalem Talmud. There is a Tosefta of eight chapters for this tractate.

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Demak Sultanate

The Demak Sultanate was a Javanese Muslim state located on Java's north coast in Indonesia, at the site of the present day city of Demak.

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Democratic Party of Hawaii

The Democratic Party of Hawaii is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the state of Hawaii.

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Democratization of knowledge

The democratization of knowledge is the acquisition and spread of knowledge amongst the common people, not just privileged elites such as clergy and academics.

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Demonopolization

Demonopolization means to break up an existing monopoly.

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Department of Agriculture (Philippines)

The Philippine Department of Agriculture (abbreviated as DA; Kagawaran ng Pagsasaka), is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the promotion of agricultural and fisheries development and growth.

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Design Piracy Prohibition Act

The Design Piracy Prohibition Act,,, and, were bills of the same name introduced in the United States Congress that would have amended Title 17 of the United States Code to provide sui generis protection to fashion designs for a period of three years.

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Deutsche Post

The Deutsche Post AG, operating under the trade name Deutsche Post DHL Group, is a German postal service and international courier service company, the world's largest.

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Deutsche Telekom

Deutsche Telekom AG (short form in writing only: DT) is a German telecommunications company headquartered in Bonn and by revenue the largest telecommunications provider in Europe.

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Dhiraagu

Dhiraagu (Dhivehi: ދިރާގު) is the first Maldivian telecommunications company, which was established in 1988.

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Diagnostic Enterprise Method

The diagnostic enterprise method is a management theory whose methods were created based on Frederick Winslow Taylor's principles to develop new ways in which companies can change their internal structure without outside help.

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Diamond Comic Distributors

Diamond Comic Distributors, Inc. (often called Diamond Comics, DCD, or casually Diamond) is a comic book and pop-culture distributor serving retailers in North America and worldwide.

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Digital divide in China

Over the past decade there has been an explosion in the use of information and communications technologies (ICTs) in China.

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Direct-to-home television in India

Direct-to-Home (DTH) television is a method of receiving satellite television by means of signals transmitted from direct-broadcast satellites.

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Discworld characters

This article contains brief biographies for characters from Terry Pratchett's Discworld series.

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Distortion (economics)

A distortion is "any departure from the ideal of perfect competition that therefore interferes with economic agents maximizing social welfare when they maximize their own".

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Doc Scurlock

Josiah Gordon "Doc" Scurlock (January 11, 1849 – July 25, 1929) was an American Old West figure, cowboy, and gunfighter.

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Doccia porcelain

The Doccia porcelain manufactory, at Doccia, a frazione of Sesto Fiorentino, near Florence, was founded in 1735 by marchese Carlo Ginori near his villa.

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Domestic policy of the Stephen Harper government

Several policies regarding interior and domestic issues in Canada were planned and adopted by the Canadian Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Stephen Harper, following the January 23, 2006 election of the Conservative Party to a minority of seats in the House of Commons, such as social and environmental policies.

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Dominance (economics)

Market dominance is a measure of the strength of a brand, product, service, or firm, relative to competitive offerings.

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Dominant design

Dominant design is a technology management concept introduced by Utterback and Abernathy in 1975, identifying key technological features that become a de facto standard.

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Dominican Restoration War

The Dominican Restoration War was a guerrilla war between 1863 and 1865 in the Dominican Republic between nationalists and Spain, who had recolonized the country 17 years after its independence.

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Dominion Energy

Dominion Energy, Inc., commonly referred to as Dominion, is an American power and energy company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia that supplies electricity in parts of Virginia and North Carolina and supplies natural gas to parts of West Virginia, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and eastern North Carolina.

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Don't Drop the Soap

Don't Drop the Soap is a controversial prison-themed board game designed by art student John Sebelius as a 2006 class project at the Rhode Island School of Design.

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Donington Park

Donington Park is a motorsport circuit located near Castle Donington in Leicestershire, England.

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DoubleClick

DoubleClick is a subsidiary of Google which develops and provides Internet ad serving services.

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Douro Wine Company

The Douro Wine Company (also known as the General Company of Agriculture of the Wines of the Upper Douro and in Portuguese Companhia Geral da Agricultura e Vinhos do Alto Douro) was a government oversight organization established by the Portuguese Prime Minister Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Marquis of Pombal to regulate the trade and production of Port wine.

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Dracula

Dracula is an 1897 Gothic horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker.

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Dual federalism

Dual federalism, also known as layer-cake federalism or divided sovereignty, is a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms, with state governments exercising those powers accorded to them without interference from the federal government.

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Duchy of Magdeburg

The Duchy of Magdeburg (Herzogtum Magdeburg) was a province of Brandenburg-Prussia from 1680 to 1701 and a province of the German Kingdom of Prussia from 1701 to 1807.

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Duden

The Duden is a dictionary of the German language, first published by Konrad Duden in 1880.

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Dunno on the Moon

Dunno on the Moon is a fairytale novel by Nikolay Nosov from the series about the adventures of Dunno with elements of science fiction.

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Duopoly

A duopoly (from Greek δύο, duo (two) + πωλεῖν, polein (to sell)) is a form of oligopoly where only two sellers exist in one market.

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Durance

The Durance (Durença in Occitan or Durènço in Mistralian) is a major river in south-eastern France.

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Durapolist

In industrial organization and in particular monopoly theory, a durapolist or durable-good monopolist is a producer that manipulates the durability of its product.

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Dutch East India Company

The United East India Company, sometimes known as the United East Indies Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; or Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie in modern spelling; abbreviated to VOC), better known to the English-speaking world as the Dutch East India Company or sometimes as the Dutch East Indies Company, was a multinational corporation that was founded in 1602 from a government-backed consolidation of several rival Dutch trading companies.

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Dutch East India Company in Indonesia

The Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, "United East India Company"; VOC) had a presence in the Indonesian archipelago from 1603, when the first trading post was established, to 1800, when the bankrupt company was dissolved, and its possessions nationalised as the Dutch East Indies.

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Dyer Lum

Dyer Daniel Lum (1839 – April 6, 1893) was a 19th-century American anarchist, labor activist and poet.

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E'Shun Melvin

E'Shun Palmer Melvin (born June 5, 2002) is an American entertainment personality, actor, filmmaker, comic creator, model and voice-over artist.

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Eads Bridge

The Eads Bridge is a steel combined road and railway bridge over the Mississippi River connecting the cities of St. Louis, Missouri and East St. Louis, Illinois.

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Early Canadian banking system

The early Canadian banking system (British North America and New France until 1763; then renamed Upper and Lower Canada) was regulated entirely by the colonial government.

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Economic democracy

Economic democracy is a socioeconomic philosophy that proposes to shift decision-making power from corporate managers and corporate shareholders to a larger group of public stakeholders that includes workers, customers, suppliers, neighbors and the broader public.

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Economic discrimination

Economic discrimination is discrimination based on economic factors.

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Economic equilibrium

In economics, economic equilibrium is a state where economic forces such as supply and demand are balanced and in the absence of external influences the (equilibrium) values of economic variables will not change.

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Economic history of Germany

Germany before 1800 was heavily rural, with some urban trade centers.

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Economic history of Taiwan

The recordkeeping and development of the economic history of Taiwan started in the Age of Discovery.

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Economic history of the Netherlands (1500–1815)

The economic history of the Netherlands (1500–1815) is the history of an economy that scholar Jan de Vries calls the first "modern" economy.

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Economic history of the Republic of Ireland

The economic history of the Republic of Ireland effectively began in 1922, when the then Irish Free State won independence from the United Kingdom.

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Economic inequality

Economic inequality is the difference found in various measures of economic well-being among individuals in a group, among groups in a population, or among countries.

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Economic power

Economists use several concepts featuring the word "power".

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Economic reforms under Peter the Great

In the year 1682, Peter the Great became the new Tsar of Russia.

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Economic rent

In economics, economic rent is any payment to an owner or factor of production in excess of the costs needed to bring that factor into production.

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Economic stratification

Economic stratification refers to the condition within a society where social classes are separated, or stratified, along economic lines.

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Economics

Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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Economics and patents

Patents are legal instruments intended to encourage innovation by providing a limited monopoly to the inventor (or their assignee) in return for the disclosure of the invention.

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Economy of Armenia

The economy of Armenia grew by 7.5% in 2017 and reached a nominal GDP of $11.5 billion per annum, while per capita figure grew by 10.1% and reached $3880.

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Economy of Cameroon

For a quarter of a century following independence, Cameroon was one of the most prosperous countries in Africa. The drop in commodity prices for its principal exports —petroleum, cocoa, coffee, and cotton — in the mid-1980s, combined with an overvalued currency and economic mismanagement, led to a decade-long recession. Real per capita GDP fell by more than 60% from 1986 to 1994. The current account and fiscal deficits widened, and foreign debt grew. Yet because of its oil reserves and favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon still has one of the best-endowed primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Economy of Italy under fascism

The economy of Italy under fascism refers to the economy in Italy between 1922 and 1943 when the fascists were in control.

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Economy of Mauritania

A majority of the population of Mauritania depends on agriculture and livestock for a livelihood, even though most of the nomads and many subsistence farmers were forced into the cities by recurrent droughts in the 1970s and 1980s.

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Economy of Monaco

This is an overview of the economy of Monaco.

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Economy of Scotland in the High Middle Ages

The economy of Scotland in the High Middle Ages for the purposes of this article, is the economic situation in Scotland between 1058 and 1286 AD.

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Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Sparsely populated in relation to its area, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is home to a vast potential of natural resources and mineral wealth.

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Economy of the Han dynasty

The Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) of ancient China experienced contrasting periods of economic prosperity and decline.

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Economy of the United States

The economy of the United States is a highly developed mixed economy.

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Edison Studios

Edison Studios was an American film production organization, owned by companies controlled by inventor and entrepreneur, Thomas Edison.

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Edvin Bergroth

Edvin Leonard Bergroth (26 December 1836 – 29 March 1917) was a Finnish engineer, businessman and vuorineuvos.

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Edward Atkyns (1630-1698)

Sir Edward Atkyns (c 1630 – October 1698) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1660.

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Edward Darcy

Sir Edward Darcy, Darcey or Darsey (1543/1544 – 28 October 1612) of Stainforth, East Riding of Yorkshire, was an English politician and courtier.

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Edward Gibbon Wakefield

Edward Gibbon Wakefield (20 March 1796 – 16 May 1862) is considered a key figure in the early colonisation of South Australia and New Zealand.

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Egypt Post

Egypt Post (البريد المصري) is the governmental agency responsible for postal service in Egypt.

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Egyptian cigarette industry

The Egyptian cigarette industry, during the period between the 1880s and the end of the First World War, was a major export industry that influenced global fashion.

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Egyptian revolution of 2011

The Egyptian revolution of 2011, locally known as the January 25 Revolution (ثورة 25 يناير), and as the Egyptian Revolution of Dignity began on 25 January 2011 and took place across all of Egypt.

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Eidgenössische Alkoholverwaltung

The Swiss Alcohol Board (SAB) is a federal authority of the Swiss Confederation.

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El Tiempo (Colombia)

El Tiempo (The Time) is a nationally distributed, broadsheet daily newspaper in Colombia.

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Electricity pricing

Electricity pricing (sometimes referred to as electricity tariff or the price of electricity) varies widely from country to country and may vary significantly from locality to locality within a particular country.

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Electricity retailing

Electricity retailing is the final sale of electricity from generation to the end-use consumer.

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Electricity sector in Peru

The electricity sector in Peru has experienced impressive improvements in the past 15 years.

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Electronic Broking Services

Electronic Broking Services (EBS) is a wholesale electronic trading platform used to trade foreign exchange (FX) with market making banks.

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Electronic markets

Electronic markets (or electronic marketplaces) are information systems (IS) which are used by multiple separate organizational entities within one or among multiple tiers in economic value chains.

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Elkins Act

The Elkins Act is a 1903 United States federal law that amended the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.

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Elwood Haynes

Elwood Haynes (October 14, 1857 – April 13, 1925) was an American inventor, metallurgist, automotive pioneer, entrepreneur and industrialist.

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Emergency circulating notes

Emergency circulating notes were currency printed by the Philippine Commonwealth Government in exile during World War II.

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Emergent gameplay

Emergent gameplay refers to complex situations in video games, board games, or table top role-playing games that emerge from the interaction of relatively simple game mechanics.

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Emilio Picariello

Emilio Picariello (also known as Emileo PicarielloGray 62 and Emil Picariello,Foster 83 1875Anderson 43 or 1879Brennan 51 – May 2, 1923) was an Italian-Canadian bootlegger and convicted murderer, who was hanged at Fort Saskatchewan in 1923 for killing an Alberta Provincial Police constable the previous year.

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Eminent domain

Eminent domain (United States, Philippines), land acquisition (Singapore), compulsory purchase (United Kingdom, New Zealand, Ireland), resumption (Hong Kong, Uganda), resumption/compulsory acquisition (Australia), or expropriation (France, Italy, Mexico, South Africa, Canada, Brazil, Portugal, Spain, Chile, Denmark, Sweden) is the power of a state, provincial, or national government to take private property for public use.

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Endogenous growth theory

Endogenous growth theory holds that economic growth is primarily the result of endogenous and not external forces.

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Enerca

Enerca is the principal energy company of the Central African Republic.

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Energy Commission (Malaysia)

The Energy Commission (Suruhanjaya Tenaga), abbreviated ST, was created under the Energy Commission Act 2001 as a new regulator for the energy industry in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah.

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Energy in Brazil

Brazil is the 10th largest energy consumer in the world and the largest in South America.

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Energy in France

Energy in France is the energy and electricity production, consumption and import in France.

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Energy market

Energy markets are commodity markets that deal specifically with the trade and supply of energy.

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English football on television

English football on television has been broadcast since 1938.

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English tort law

English tort law is the law governing implicit civil responsibilities that people have to one another, as opposed to those responsibilities laid out in contracts.

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Engrossing (law)

Engrossing, forestalling and regrating were marketing offences in English common law.

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Enragés

The Enraged Ones (Les Enragés) were a small number of firebrands known for defending the lower class and expressing the demands of the radical sans-culottes during the French Revolution.

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Enrico Mattei

Enrico Mattei (April 29, 1906 – October 27, 1962) was an Italian public administrator.

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Enrique Mosconi

Enrique Carlos Alberto Mosconi (21 February 1877 – 4 June 1940) was an Argentine military engineer, who is best known as the pioneer and organizer of petroleum exploration and extraction in Argentina.

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Enrique Peña Nieto

Enrique Peña Nieto (born 20 July 1966), commonly referred to by his initials EPN, is a Mexican politician serving as the 57th President of Mexico, since 2012.

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Enterprise theory

The enterprise theory of crime understands the organization of criminal behaviour as reflective of specific environmental factors - market or economic forces, influencing the motivations of criminals, how they interact, their perceptions or risk versus benefit, and the efficiency and efficacy of their modus operandi.

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Entrepreneur (video game)

Entrepreneur is a 1997 business simulation video game.

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Environmental inequality in Europe

Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.

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EPIC 2014

EPIC 2014 is a Flash movie released in November 2004 by Robin Sloan and Matt Thompson with original music by Aaron McLeran.

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ERT HD

ERT HD (ΕΡΤ HD) is a high-definition television channel by ERT, the public broadcaster of Greece.

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Escape and evasion map

Evasion charts, are maps made for servicemembers to be used when caught behind enemy lines to perform escape and evasion, escape maps were secreted to prisoners of war by various means to aid in escape attempts.

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Essential facilities doctrine

The essential facilities doctrine (sometimes also referred to as the essential facility doctrine) is a legal doctrine which describes a particular type of claim of monopolization made under competition laws.

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Essentials (PlayStation)

Essentials is the Sony PlayStation budget range in the PAL region, which covers Europe, the Middle East, Asia-Pacific and Africa.

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ETA SA

ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse (ETA SA Swiss Watch Manufacturer) designs and manufactures quartz watches and both hand-wound and automatic-winding mechanical ébauches and movements.

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Eulàlia Ferrer Ribot

Eulàlia Ferrer Ribot (1776-1850) was a Spanish printer.

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EuroBonus

EuroBonus is the frequent flyer program of the SAS Group.

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European Federalist Free Entrepreneurs

The European Federalist Free Entrepreneurs – Entrepreneurs' Trade Union (Liberi Imprenditori Federalisti Europei – Sindacato Imprenditori, LIFE) is an association of entrepreneurs based in Veneto, one of the regions of Italy.

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European Union competition law

European competition law is the competition law in use within the European Union.

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European Union merger law

European Union merger law is a part of the law of the European Union which regulates whether firms can merge with one another and under what conditions.

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Excise

url.

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Exclusive right

In Anglo-Saxon law, an exclusive right, or exclusivity, is a de facto, non-tangible prerogative existing in law (that is, the power or, in a wider sense, right) to perform an action or acquire a benefit and to permit or deny others the right to perform the same action or to acquire the same benefit.

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Exploitation of labour

Exploitation of labour is the act of treating one's workers unfairly for one's own benefit.

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Export Wheat Commission

The Export Wheat Commission (EWC) was a statutory authority of the Australian government.

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Facatativá

Facatativá is a city and municipality in the Cundinamarca Department, located about 18 miles (31 km) northwest of Bogotá, Colombia and 2,586 meters above sea level.

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Face Dancer

A Face Dancer is a type of human in Frank Herbert's science fiction ''Dune'' universe.

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Factor market

In economics, a factor market is a market where factors of production are bought and sold, such as the labor market, the physical capital market, the market for raw materials, and the market for management or entrepreneurial resources.

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Factoring (finance)

Factoring is a financial transaction and a type of debtor finance in which a business sells its accounts receivable (i.e., invoices) to a third party (called a factor) at a discount.

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Factory House

The British Factory House (Feitoria Inglesa), also known as the British Association House) is an 18th-century Neo-Palladian building located in the northern Portuguese centre of Porto, associated with the influence of Britain in the Porto Wine industry. This building is part of a group of buildings and infrastructures that mark the British presence in the city of Porto, that include the Oporto Cricket and Lawn Tennis Club (founded 1855) and the Oporto British School (1894).

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Falls City Brewing Company

Falls City Brewing Company was based in Louisville, Kentucky, USA.

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Farm Labor Organizing Committee

The Farm Labor Organizing Committee (FLOC), AFL-CIO, is a labor union representing migrant farm workers in the Midwestern United States and North Carolina.

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Father Divine

Father Divine (c. 1876September 10, 1965), also known as Reverend M. J. Divine, was an African American spiritual leader from about 1907 until his death.

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Federal Act on Banks and Savings Banks

The Federal Act on Banks and Savings Banks is a Swiss federal law and act-of-parliament that operates as the supreme law governing banking in Switzerland.

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Federal Financial Supervisory Authority

The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht) better known by its abbreviation BaFin is the financial regulatory authority for Germany.

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Federal Group

Federal Group is a privately owned family company which operates significant tourism, hospitality, retail, casino and gaming assets in Tasmania, and a national sensitive freight company.

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Ferdinand I of Naples

Ferdinand I (2 June 1423 – 25 January 1494), also called Ferrante, was the King of Naples from 1458 to 1494.

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Ferdinand Marcos

Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino politician and kleptocrat who was President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986.

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Fernão Gomes

Fernão Gomes (15th century) was a Portuguese merchant and explorer from Lisbon, the son of Tristão Gomes de Brito (?).

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Fertilizer subsidies in Sub-Saharan Africa

Opinions about the role of fertilizer subsidies in spurring agricultural development in Sub-Saharan Africa have fluctuated significantly over the past five decades.

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Fiji Sugar Corporation

Fiji Sugar Corporation (FSC) is the government-owned sugar milling company in Fiji having monopoly on production of raw sugar in Fiji.

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Film studio

title.

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Financial history of the Dutch Republic

The financial history of the Dutch Republic involves the interrelated development of financial institutions in the Dutch Republic.

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First wave of European colonization

The first European colonization wave took place from the early 15th century (Portuguese conquest of Ceuta in 1415) until the early 19th-century (French invasion of Algeria in 1830), and primarily involved the European colonization of the Americas, though it also included the establishment of European colonies in India and in Maritime Southeast Asia.

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Fishmonger

A fishmonger (fishwife for female practitioners - "wife" in this case used in its archaic meaning of "woman") is someone who sells raw fish and seafood.

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Fitzwilliam Coningsby

Fitzwilliam Coningsby (died August 1666) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1621 and in 1640.

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Fleer

The Fleer Corporation, founded by Frank H. Fleer in 1885, was the first company to successfully manufacture bubble gum; it remained a family-owned enterprise until 1989.

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Flour riot of 1837

The flour riot of 1837 was a food riot that broke out in New York City in February 1837, and lasted less than a day.

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Floyd B. Olson

Floyd Bjørnstjerne Olson (November 13, 1891 – August 22, 1936) was an American politician and lawyer.

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Flxible

The Flxible Co. (pronounced "flexible") was an American manufacturer of motorcycle sidecars, funeral cars, ambulances, intercity coaches and transit buses, based in the U.S. state of Ohio.

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Flxible New Look bus

The Flxible New Look bus was a very popular transit bus introduced in 1960 by The Flxible Company, and produced from 1960 until 1978, when the New Look was replaced by the "870" Advanced Design Bus.

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Fly Air

Fly Air (Fly Havayolu Taşımacılık A.Ş.) was a private airline based in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Fogo Island (Newfoundland and Labrador)

Fogo Island is the largest of the offshore islands of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

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Food and Drug Administration

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.

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Food power

In international politics, food power is the use of agriculture as a means of political control whereby one nation or group of nations offers or withholds commodities from another nation or group of nations in order to manipulate behavior.

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Forbes Galleries

The Forbes Galleries, housed within the Forbes Building on Fifth Avenue between West 12th and 13th Streets in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, United States, was the home of Malcolm Forbes' collection, which the Forbes family continued to exhibit following his death.

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Foreign direct investment in Iran

Foreign direct investment in Iran (FDI) has been hindered by unfavorable or complex operating requirements and by international sanctions, although in the early 2000s the Iranian government liberalized investment regulations.

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Foreign relations of Macau

As a special administrative region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), Macau's diplomatic relations and defence are the responsibility of the Central People's Government of the PRC.

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Foreign trade of Communist Czechoslovakia

Foreign trade played an important role in the Czechoslovak national economy (as opposed to the Soviet Union).

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Fort Nikolaevskaia

Fort Nikolaevskaia or Fort St.

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Fox Film

The Fox Film Corporation was an American company that produced motion pictures, formed by William Fox on 1 February 1915.

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François Beaulieu II

François Beaulieu II was a chief of the Yellowknife tribe (1771 – November 1872).

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Francis Mitchell

Francis Mitchell (c. 1556 – died in or after 1628) was the last British knight of the realm to be publicly degraded (stripped of his knighthood), after being found guilty of extorting money from licensees following his being granted monopoly on the licensing of inns by George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham and James I.

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Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki

Prince Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki (Francis Xavier Drucki-Lubecki; 4 January 1778–10 May 1846) was an important Polish politician and diplomat of the first half of the 19th century.

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Franja Transversal del Norte

Franja Transversal del Norte -or Northern Transversal Strip in English- is a region in Guatemala delimited on the north by an imaginary line between Vértice de Santiago in Huehuetenango and Modesto Méndez Port in Izabal and in the south by La Mesilla in Huehuetenango and Izabal lake.

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Frank Norris

Benjamin Franklin "Frank" Norris Jr. (March 5, 1870 – October 25, 1902) was an American journalist and sometimes a novelist during the Progressive Era, whose fiction was predominantly in the naturalist genre.

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Frank P. Ramsey

Frank Plumpton Ramsey (22 February 1903 – 19 January 1930) was a British philosopher, mathematician and economist who made fundamental contributions to abstract algebra before his death at the age of 26.

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Frank Vance Strauss

Frank Vance Strauss was an Ohio business man who was the first to specialize in printing the theatre programme in New York City.

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Franklin Center (Chicago)

The Franklin Center is a 60-story supertall skyscraper completed in 1989 as the AT&T Corporate Center to consolidate the central region headquarters of the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T).

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Frederick Upham Adams

Frederick Upham Adams (December 10, 1859 – August 28, 1921) was an American inventor, writer, editor, and political organizer.

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Free content

Free content, libre content, or free information, is any kind of functional work, work of art, or other creative content that meets the definition of a free cultural work.

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Free entry

In economics, free entry is a condition in which firms can freely enter the market for an economic good by establishing production and beginning to sell the product.

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Free trade

Free trade is a free market policy followed by some international markets in which countries' governments do not restrict imports from, or exports to, other countries.

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Free Zone (Scientology)

The Free Zone, also called Independent Scientologists or Scientology Freezone, comprises a variety of non-affiliated independent groups and individuals who practice Scientology beliefs and techniques independently of the Church of Scientology (CoS).

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Freedom of choice

Freedom of choice describes an individual's opportunity and autonomy to perform an action selected from at least two available options, unconstrained by external parties.

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Friday the 14th

"Friday the 14th" is an episode of the BBC sit-com, Only Fools and Horses.

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Friden Flexowriter

The Friden Flexowriter was a teleprinter, a heavy-duty electric typewriter capable of being driven not only by a human typing, but also automatically by several methods, including direct attachment to a computer and by use of paper tape.

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Friedrich List

Georg Friedrich List (6 August 1789 – 30 November 1846) was a German economist with dual American citizenship who developed the "National System", also known as the National System of Innovation.

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Friedrich von Wieser

Friedrich Freiherr von Wieser (10 July 1851 – 22 July 1926) was an early (so-called "first generation") economist of the Austrian School of economics.

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Friendship store

A Friendship Store is a state-run store in the People's Republic of China (PRC), which initially sold exclusively to tourists, foreigners, diplomats, and government officials, but now has no restrictions on customers.

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Front Palace crisis

The Front Palace crisis or the Front Palace incident (วิกฤตการณ์วังหน้า) (Wang Na crisis) was a political crisis that took place in the Kingdom of Siam from 28 December 1874 to 24 February 1875 (93 of the Rattanakosin Era).

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Fuel Freedom Foundation

The Fuel Freedom Foundation was officially launched in October 2012 by entrepreneurs Joseph Hollander and Eyal Aronoff.

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Fugger

Fugger is a German family that was a historically prominent group of European bankers, members of the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century mercantile patriciate of Augsburg, international mercantile bankers, and venture capitalists.

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Full Fat

Full Fat is an independent UK video game developer.

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Fur trade

The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur.

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Gabagool!

Gabagool! is an American comic book that debuted in 2002.

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Galenica

Galenica AG, headquartered in Bern, is an internationally active Swiss pharmaceutical and logistics company group, named after the ancient physician Galenus.

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Game mechanics

Game mechanics are constructs of rules or methods designed for interaction with the game state, thus providing gameplay.

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Game Park

Game Park was a South Korean company that was founded in 1996 and went bankrupt in March 2007.

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Gardiner Means

Gardiner Coit Means (June 8, 1896 in Windham, Connecticut – February 15, 1988 in Vienna, Virginia) was an American economist who worked at Harvard University, where he met lawyer-diplomat Adolf Berle.

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Gatineau Privilege

The Gatineau Privilege referred to a monopoly introduced to limit the cutting of timber along the Gatineau River in Lower Canada from 1832 to 1843.

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Gazette d'Amsterdam

Gazette d'Amsterdam (also known as Gazette d’Hollande or Nouvelles d'Amsterdam) was one of the most important international European newspapers of the Enlightenment period and a major source of political information.

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Gazprom

Public Joint Stock Company Gazprom (Публи́чное акционе́рное о́бщество «Газпром», Publichnoe Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Gazprom, abbreviated PAO Gazprom, ПАО «Газпром») is a large Russian company founded in 1989, which carries on the business of extraction, production, transport, and sale of natural gas.

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Gérald Bronner

Gérald Bronner (born 22 May 1969) is a French social scientist and author.

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Göran Hägglund

Bo Göran Hägglund (born 27 January 1959) is a Swedish politician of the Christian Democrats.

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Götheborg (ship)

Götheborg is a sailing replica of the Swedish East Indiaman Götheborg I, launched in 1738 (not to be confused with the larger Götheborg II built some decades later).

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General Mills

General Mills, Inc., is an American multinational manufacturer and marketer of branded consumer foods sold through retail stores.

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General Motors streetcar conspiracy

The General Motors streetcar conspiracy refers to convictions of General Motors (GM) and other companies for monopolizing the sale of buses and supplies to National City Lines (NCL) and its subsidiaries, and to allegations that this was part of a deliberate plot to purchase and dismantle streetcar systems in many cities in the United States as an attempt to monopolize surface transportation.

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General Revision Act

The General Revision Act (sometimes Land Revision Act) of 1891 was a Federal legislation initiative signed in 1891 under the Presidential Administration of Benjamin Harrison.

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Generic drug

A generic drug is a pharmaceutical drug that is equivalent to a brand-name product in dosage, strength, route of administration, quality, performance, and intended use, but does not carry the brand name.

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Geographical pricing

Geographical pricing, in marketing, is the practice of modifying a basic list price based on the geographical location of the buyer.

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George Aiken

George David Aiken (August 20, 1892November 19, 1984) was an American politician and horticulturist.

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George F. Edmunds

George Franklin Edmunds (February 1, 1828February 27, 1919) was a Republican U.S. Senator from Vermont.

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George Mason III

George Mason III (1690March 5, 1735) was an early American planter, businessman, and statesman.

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Gerald Weaver

Gerald Weaver (born 1955) is an American author and former lawyer and lobbyist.

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German Quarter

German Quarter (Неме́цкая слобода́, Nemetskaya sloboda), also known as the Kukuy Quarter (слобода Кукуй), was a neighborhood in the northeast of Moscow, located on the right bank of the Yauza River east of Kukuy Creek (hence the name Kukuy Quarter), within the present-day Basmanny District of Moscow.

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Gerrit Smith

Gerrit Smith (March 6, 1797 – December 28, 1874) was a leading United States social reformer, abolitionist, politician, and philanthropist.

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Gherăseni

Gherăseni is a commune in Buzău County, Romania, 17 km south-east of Buzău, the county capital.

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Ghost mark

Ghost marks are trademarks which closely simulate ordinary words or phrases used in the course of trade, and which are not intended to be used as genuine trade marks.

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Giant Eagle

Giant Eagle is a supermarket chain with stores in the U.S. states of Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana and Maryland.

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Gift economy

A gift economy, gift culture, or gift exchange is a mode of exchange where valuables are not traded or sold, but rather given without an explicit agreement for immediate or future rewards.

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Giunti (printers)

The Giunti were a Florentine family of printers.

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Glossary of economics

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Glu Mobile

Glu Mobile Inc. is a developer and publisher of mobile games for smartphone and tablet devices.

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GO (Malta)

GO p.l.c. is a Maltese integrated telecommunications company.

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Golden Crescent

The Golden Crescent is the name given to one of Asia's two principal areas of illicit opium production (with the other being the Golden Triangle), located at the crossroads of Central, South, and Western Asia.

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Goodricke College, York

Goodricke College is a college of the University of York.

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Goodwin & Company

Goodwin & Company was an American tobacco manufacturer from New York City.

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Google

Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware.

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Gordon-Schaefer model

The Gordon-Schaefer model is a bioeconomic model applied in the fishing industry.

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Gouda cheese

Gouda (Goudse kaas "cheese from Gouda"), is a mild, yellow cheese made from cow's milk.

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Government-granted monopoly

In economics, a government-granted monopoly (also called a "de jure monopoly") is a form of coercive monopoly by which a government grants exclusive privilege to a private individual or firm to be the sole provider of a good or service; potential competitors are excluded from the market by law, regulation, or other mechanisms of government enforcement.

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Graham v. John Deere Co.

Graham v. John Deere Co., 383 U.S. 1 (1966), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court clarified the nonobviousness requirement in United States patent law, set forth in 35 U.S.C. § 103.

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Grandmasters (album)

Grandmasters is a collaborative album by DJ Muggs and GZA.

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Grass Creek, Utah

Grass Creek is a ghost town in Summit County, Utah, United States.

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Great Bengal famine of 1770

The Great Bengal Famine of 1770 (৭৬-এর মন্বন্তর, Chhiattōrer monnōntór; lit The Famine of '76) was a famine between 1769 and 1773 (1176 to 1180 in the Bengali calendar) that affected the lower Gangetic plain of India from Bihar to the Bengal region.

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Great Depression in India

The Great Depression of 1929 had a very severe impact on India, which was then under the rule of the British Raj.

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Great Lakes passenger steamers

The history of commercial passenger shipping on the Great Lakes is long but uneven.

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Greatview

Greatview Aseptic Packaging Company is a multinational aseptic processing company with its head office based in Beijing, China.

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Greenback Party

The Greenback Party (known successively as the Independent Party, the National Independent Party, and the Greenback Labor Party) was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active between 1874 and 1889.

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Greenbelt Historic District

The Greenbelt Historic District is a national historic district located in Greenbelt, Prince George's County, Maryland, United States.

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Grip, Norway

Grip is an archipelago, a deserted fishing village, and a former municipality about northwest of the city of Kristiansund.

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Growth–share matrix

The growth–share matrix (aka the product portfolio matrix, Boston Box, BCG-matrix, Boston matrix, Boston Consulting Group analysis, portfolio diagram) is a chart that was created by Bruce D. Henderson for the Boston Consulting Group in 1970 to help corporations to analyze their business units, that is, their product lines.

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Gruuthusemuseum

The Gruuthusemuseum is a museum of applied arts in Bruges, located in the medieval Gruuthuse, the house of Louis de Gruuthuse.

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Guest beer

In 1989, licensing legislation passed by Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government made it possible for a tied pub to stock at least one guest beer from a different brewery.

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Guild

A guild is an association of artisans or merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular area.

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Guild Navigator

A Guild Navigator (alternately Guildsman or Steersman) is a fictional humanoid in the ''Dune'' universe created by Frank Herbert.

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Guitar (Frank Zappa album)

Guitar is a 1988 live album by Frank Zappa.

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Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway

The Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway was a subsidiary of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway in eastern Texas and to Purcell, Oklahoma.

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Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach

Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach (7 August 1870 – 16 January 1950) ran the German Friedrich Krupp AG heavy industry conglomerate from 1909 until 1941.

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Guy J. Velella

Guy John Velella (September 25, 1944 – January 27, 2011) was a Republican New York State Senator from The Bronx.

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Hal Hartley

Hal Hartley (born November 3, 1959) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer and composer who became a key figure in the American independent film movement of the 1980s and '90s.

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Han dynasty

The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BC–220 AD), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the "Han Chinese" and the Chinese script is referred to as "Han characters". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BC–9 AD) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 AD). The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 AD. The Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations. To finance its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the Han government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, but these government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han dynasty. Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including the process of papermaking, the nautical steering ship rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer for measuring earthquakes employing an inverted pendulum. The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC. After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empresses dowager, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty would eventually collapse and ceased to exist.

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Harmony Society

The Harmony Society was a Christian theosophy and pietist society founded in Iptingen, Germany, in 1785.

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Harold Hotelling

Harold Hotelling (September 29, 1895 – December 26, 1973) was a mathematical statistician and an influential economic theorist, known for Hotelling's law, Hotelling's lemma, and Hotelling's rule in economics, as well as Hotelling's T-squared distribution in statistics.

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Harry Warner

Harry Morris Warner (born Hirsz Mojżesz Wonsal; December 12, 1881 – July 25, 1958) was an American studio executive, one of the founders of Warner Bros., and a major contributor to the development of the film industry.

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Hasbro Family Game Night

Hasbro Family Game Night is a video game released for the PlayStation 2 and Wii published by Electronic Arts.

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Havana

Havana (Spanish: La Habana) is the capital city, largest city, province, major port, and leading commercial center of Cuba.

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Haverfordwest election, 1571

An election for the English parliament constituency of Haverfordwest was held on 20 March 1571.

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Hayle

Hayle (Heyl, "estuary") is a small town, civil parish and cargo port in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

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Health care in Colombia

Health care in Colombia refers to the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well being through the services offered by the medical, nursing, and allied health professions in the Republic of Colombia.

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Health insurance cooperative

A health insurance cooperative is a cooperative entity that has the goal of providing health insurance and is also owned by the people that the organization insures.

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Hellkom

Hellkom is an Internet parody site about Telkom, South Africa's telecommunications monopoly.

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Henry Cleveland Putnam

Henry Cleveland Putnam (March 6, 1832 – January 25, 1912) was a philanthropist and lumber baron in the Chippewa Valley of Wisconsin, also serving as a member of the Wisconsin State Forestry Commission.

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Henry Demarest Lloyd

Henry Demarest Lloyd (May 1, 1847 – September 28, 1903) was a 19th-century American progressive political activist and pioneer muckraking journalist.

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Henry Flagler

Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 – May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, first based in Ohio.

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Henry George

Henry George (September 2, 1839 – October 29, 1897) was an American political economist and journalist.

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Henry Howell

Henry Evans Howell, Jr. (September 5, 1920 – July 7, 1997), nicknamed "Howlin' Henry" Howell, was an American politician from the U.S. state of Virginia.

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Henry Miller Shreve

Henry Miller Shreve (October 21, 1785 – March 6, 1851) was the American inventor and steamboat captain who opened the Mississippi, Ohio, and Red rivers to steamboat navigation.

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Henry Muddiman

Henry Muddiman (5 February 1629, St. Martin’s-in-the-Fields, London, Eng. died 7 March 1692, Coldhern, near Earl’s Court, London) was an English journalist and publisher active after the restoration of the monarchy, in 1660.

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Henry Nevill, 9th Baron Bergavenny

Henry Nevill, de facto 9th (de jure 2nd) Baron Bergavenny (c.1570– c. December 1641) was an English iron founder, soldier and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1601 and 1622 when he inherited the Baron Bergavenny peerage.

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Henry Vane the Elder

Sir Henry Vane, the elder (18 February 15891655) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1614 and 1654.

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Herbert Henry Dow

Herbert Henry Dow (February 26, 1866 – October 15, 1930) was a Canadian-born American chemical industrialist, best known as the founder of the American multinational conglomerate Dow Chemical.

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Herfindahl index

The Herfindahl index (also known as Herfindahl–Hirschman Index, HHI, or sometimes HHI-score) is a measure of the size of firms in relation to the industry and an indicator of the amount of competition among them.

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Heuristic

A heuristic technique (εὑρίσκω, "find" or "discover"), often called simply a heuristic, is any approach to problem solving, learning, or discovery that employs a practical method, not guaranteed to be optimal, perfect, logical, or rational, but instead sufficient for reaching an immediate goal.

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Highland Scottish

Highland Scottish Omnibuses Ltd was formed as a bus operating subsidiary of the Scottish Transport Group in June 1985 from Highland Omnibuses Ltd, and operated until October 1995 when the company was split into two - Highland Bus & Coach and Highland Country Buses.

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Hillel International

Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life (known as Hillel International or Hillel) is the largest Jewish campus organization in the world, working with thousands of college students globally.

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History of alternative medicine

The history of alternative medicine refers to the history of a group of diverse medical practices that were collectively promoted as "alternative medicine" beginning in the 1970s, to the collection of individual histories of members of that group, or to the history of western medical practices that were labeled "irregular practices" by the western medical establishment.

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History of AT&T

The history of AT&T dates back to the invention of the telephone itself.

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History of capitalism

The history of capitalism has diverse and much debated roots, but fully-fledged capitalism is generally thought to have emerged in north-west Europe, especially in the Low Countries (mainly present-day Flanders and Netherlands) and Britain, in the sixteenth to seventeenth centuries.

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History of colonialism

The historical phenomenon of colonization is one that stretches around the globe and across time.

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History of copyright law

The history of copyright law starts with early privileges and monopolies granted to printers of books.

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History of Cuba

The island of Cuba was inhabited by various Mesoamerican cultures prior to the arrival of the Spanish explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492.

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History of economic thought

The history of economic thought deals with different thinkers and theories in the subject that became political economy and economics, from the ancient world to the present day in the 21st Century.

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History of German settlement in Central and Eastern Europe

The presence of German-speaking populations in Central and Eastern Europe is rooted in centuries of history, with the settling in northeastern Europe of Germanic peoples predating even the founding of the Roman Empire.

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History of glass

The history of glass-making can be traced back to 3500 BC Asia in Mesopotamia.

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History of Havana

This article is about the History of Havana, now the capital city of Cuba.

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History of IBM

International Business Machines, or IBM, nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational computer technology and IT consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States.

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History of Islamic economics

Between the 9th and 14th centuries, the Muslim world developed many concepts and techniques in economics such as Hawala, an early informal value transfer system, Islamic trusts known as waqf, and mufawada.

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History of Lisbon

The history of Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal, revolves around its strategic geographical position at the mouth of the Tagus, the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula.

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History of Michigan

The history of human activity in Michigan, a U.S. state in the Midwest, began with settlement of the western Great Lakes region by Native Americans perhaps as early as 11,000 BCE.

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History of microeconomics

Microeconomics is the study of the behaviour of individuals and small impacting organisations in making decisions on the allocation of limited resources.

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History of monopoly

The history of monopoly pertains to the historical tendency of a successful commercial enterprise to dominate an industry.

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History of music publishing

Music publishing is the business of creating, producing and distributing printed musical scores, parts, and books in various types of music notation, while ensuring that the composer, songwriter and other creators receive credit and royalties or other payment (where applicable).

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History of Norway

The history of Norway has been influenced to an extraordinary degree by the terrain and the climate of the region.

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History of Paraguay

The history of Paraguay is a result of development and interaction of varying cultures of indigenous peoples in Paraguay and overseas immigrants who together have created the modern-day Paraguay.

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History of Philippine money

The Evolution of Philippine currencies used as a medium of exchange and to make payment before the adoption of Philippine Peso coins and banknotes currently in use, included designs and forms which have been found over various period of time.

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History of Portugal (1415–1578)

The Kingdom of Portugal in the 15th century was the first European power to begin building a colonial empire.

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History of Portuguese wine

The history of Portuguese wine has been influenced by Portugal's relative isolationism in the world's wine market, with the one notable exception of its relationship with the British.

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History of rail transport in Belgium

Belgium was heavily involved in the early development of railway transport.

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History of rail transport in Great Britain 1948–1994

The history of rail transport in Great Britain 1948–1994 covers the period when the British railway system was nationalised under the name of British Rail (initially known as British Railways), until its eventual privatisation in 1994.

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History of rail transport in Russia

In Russia, the largest country in the world, its geography of N.-S. rivers and E.-W. commerce made it very suited to develop railroads as its basic mode of transportation.

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History of rail transport in the United States

Wooden railroads, called wagonways, were built in the United States starting from the 1720s.

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History of rail transportation in California

The establishment of America's transcontinental rail lines securely linked California to the rest of the country, and the far-reaching transportation systems that grew out of them during the century that followed contributed to the state’s social, political, and economic development.

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History of Sacramento, California

The history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.

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History of silk

The production of silk originates in China in the Neolithic (Yangshao culture, 4th millennium BC).

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History of Sydney

12345678910 The History of Sydney begins in prehistoric times with the occupation of the district by Australian Aborigines, whose ancestors came to Sydney in the Upper Paleolithic period.

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History of the American League

The history of the American League of Professional Baseball Clubs stretches back into the late-19th century.

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History of the British salt tax in India

Taxation of salt has occurred in India since the earliest times.

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History of the Central African Republic

The history of the Central African Republic is roughly composed of four distinct periods.

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History of the Jews in Latvia

The History of the Jews in Latvia dates back to the first Jewish colony established in Piltene in 1571.

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History of the Jews in Russia

Jews in the Russian Empire have historically constituted a large religious diaspora; the vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest population of Jews in the world.

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History of the Ming dynasty

The Ming dynasty (January 23, 1368 – April 25, 1644), officially the Great Ming or Empire of the Great Ming, founded by the peasant rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang, known as the Hongwu Emperor, was an imperial dynasty of China.

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History of the St. Louis Cardinals (1920–52)

The St. Louis Cardinals, a professional baseball franchise based in St. Louis, Missouri, compete in the National League (NL) of Major League Baseball (MLB).

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History of trade of the People's Republic of China

Trade is a key factor of the People's Republic of China's economy.

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History of Tunisia

The present day Republic of Tunisia, al-Jumhuriyyah at-Tunisiyyah, has over ten million citizens, almost all of Arab-Berber descent.

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History of United States patent law

The history of United States patent law started even before the U.S. Constitution was adopted, with some state-specific patent laws.

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History of Wells Fargo

This article outlines the history of Wells Fargo & Company from its origins to its merger with Norwest Corporation and beyond.

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History of wheat industry regulation in Australia

In Australia, the wheat industry has a history of government regulation, primarily by the Commonwealth Government.

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HIV/AIDS in Brazil

The first AIDS case identified in Brazil was in 1982.

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HM Land Registry

Her Majesty's Land Registry is a non-ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom, created in 1862 to register the ownership of land and property in England and Wales.

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Hochstetter

The family of Höchstetter (also rendered Hechstetter or Hochstetter) from Höchstädt in western Bavaria near the banks of the Danube were members of the fifteenth and sixteenth-century mercantile patriciate of Augsburg.

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Hokkaido Electric Power Company

The, or for short, is the monopoly electric company of Hokkaidō, Japan.

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Honduras

Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras (República de Honduras), is a republic in Central America.

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Honeywell, Inc. v. Sperry Rand Corp.

Honeywell, Inc.

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Horizontal integration

Horizontal integration is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain.

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Huddart, Parker & Co Pty Ltd v Moorehead

Huddart, Parker & Co Pty Ltd v Moorehead.

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Hudson River Steamboat Association

The Hudson River Steamboat Association was a cartel that operated passenger steamboats on the Hudson River in the U.S. state of New York from 1832 to 1843.

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Hudson's Bay Company

The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC; Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson) is a Canadian retail business group.

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Hugh Ike Shott

Hugh Ike Shott (September 3, 1866October 12, 1953) was a newspaper editor, pioneer broadcaster, and Republican politician in the U.S. State of West Virginia.

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Hugo Grotius

Hugo Grotius (10 April 1583 – 28 August 1645), also known as Huig de Groot or Hugo de Groot, was a Dutch jurist.

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Human rights and encryption

Human rights applied to encryption is an important concept for freedom of expression as encryption is a technical resource of implementation of basic human rights.

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Hunters of Dune

Hunters of Dune is the first of two books written by Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson to conclude Frank Herbert's original ''Dune'' series of science fiction novels.

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Hush-A-Phone

The Hush-A-Phone was a device designed to attach to the transmitter of a telephone to reduce noise pollution and increase privacy.

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Hutchins Commission

The Hutchins Commission (whose official name was the Commission on Freedom of the Press) was formed during World War II, when Henry Luce (publisher of Time and Life magazines) asked Robert Hutchins (president of the University of Chicago) to recruit a commission to inquire into the proper function of the media in a modern democracy.

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Hyundai Motor India Limited

Hyundai Motor India Ltd is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Hyundai Motor Company headquartered in South Korea.

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IG Farben

IG Farben was a German chemical and pharmaceutical industry conglomerate.

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Illegal housing in India

Illegal housing in India consists of huts or shanties built on land not owned by the residents (i.e., squatting) and illegal buildings constructed on land not owned by the builders or developers.

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Ilocos Norte

Ilocos Norte (Amianan nga Ilocos) is a province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region.

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Immanuel Wallerstein

Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein (born September 28, 1930) is an American sociologist, historical social scientist, and world-systems analyst, arguably best known for his development of the general approach in sociology which led to the emergence of his world-systems approach.

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Imperfect competition

In economic theory, imperfect competition is a type of market structure showing some but not all features of competitive markets.

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Imperial Group plc v Philip Morris Ltd

Imperial Group plc v Philip Morris Ltd, 1982 FSR 72, was a case of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales.

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Imperial Japanese Airways

was the national airline of the Empire of Japan during World War II.

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Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways

The Imperial-Royal State Railways (k.k. Staatsbahnen, abbr. kkStB, also: k.k. österreichische Staatsbahnen) was the state railway organisation in the Cisleithanian (Austrian) part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.

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Imperial Wireless Chain

The Imperial Wireless Chain was a strategic international wireless telegraphy communications network, created to link the countries of the British Empire.

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Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism

Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism (1917), by Vladimir Lenin, describes the function of financial capital in generating profits from imperialist colonialism as the final stage of capitalist development to ensure greater profits.

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Income inequality in the United States

Income inequality in the United States has increased significantly since the 1970s after several decades of stability, meaning the share of the nation's income received by higher income households has increased.

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Incomes policy

Incomes policies in economics are economy-wide wage and price controls, most commonly instituted as a response to inflation, and usually seeking to establish wages and prices below free market level.

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Incumbent local exchange carrier

An incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC) is a local telephone company which held the regional monopoly on landline service before the market was opened to competitive local exchange carriers, or the corporate successor of such a firm.

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Independence Party (United States)

The Independence Party, established as the Independence League, was a short-lived minor American political party sponsored by newspaper publisher and United States Representative William Randolph Hearst in 1906.

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Independent film

An independent film, independent movie, indie film or indie movie is a feature film that is produced outside the major film studio system, in addition to being produced and distributed by independent entertainment companies.

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Independent Local Radio

Independent Local Radio is the collective name given to commercial radio stations in the United Kingdom.

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Independent News

Independent News Co. was a magazine and comic book distribution business owned by National Periodical Publications, the parent company of DC Comics.

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Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal of New South Wales

The Independent Pricing and Regulatory Tribunal of New South Wales (IPART) is an independent regulatory and pricing tribunal that oversees regulation in water, gas, electricity and transport industries in the Australian state of New South Wales.

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Index of economics articles

This aims to be a complete article list of economics topics.

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Index of law articles

This collection of lists of law topics collects the names of topics related to law.

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Index of sociology articles

This is an index of sociology articles.

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Indian Premier League

The Indian Premier League (IPL), officially Vivo Indian Premier League for sponsorship reasons, is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in India contested during April and May of every year by teams representing Indian cities and some states.

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Individualist anarchism

Individualist anarchism refers to several traditions of thought within the anarchist movement that emphasize the individual and their will over external determinants such as groups, society, traditions and ideological systems.

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Individualist anarchism in Europe

Individualist anarchism refers to several traditions of thought within the anarchist movement that emphasize the individual and his or her will over external determinants such as groups, society, traditions, and ideological systems.

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Individualist anarchism in France

Individualist anarchism refers to several traditions of thought within the anarchist movement that emphasize the individual and his or her will over external determinants such as groups, society, traditions, and ideological systems.

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Industrial Cape Breton

Industrial Cape Breton is a geographic region in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

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Industrial organization

In economics, industrial organization or industrial economy is a field that builds on the theory of the firm by examining the structure of (and, therefore, the boundaries between) firms and markets.

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Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

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Information and communication technologies for development

Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) refers to the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) toward social, economic, and political development, with a particular emphasis on helping poor and marginalized people and communities.

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Initiatives and referendums in the United States

Initiative, referendum, and recall are three powers reserved to enable the voters, by petition, to propose or repeal legislation or to remove an elected official from office.

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INSIG (insurance company)

Insurance Institute (INSIG SH.A.) is an Albanian insurance company.

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Instant Live

Instant Live is a service by Live Nation which provides for the distribution of digital live recordings of concerts and music events, available soon after a performance has ended.

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Institutes of the Lawes of England

The Institutes of the Lawes of England are a series of legal treatises written by Sir Edward Coke.

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Insular energy system

An insular energy system or isolated energy system is defined by a country’s inability, due to smallness and/or remoteness, to interconnect with other electricity generators and consumers through a wider transmission grid outside its national borders.

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Insurance Corporation of British Columbia

The Insurance Corporation of British Columbia (ICBC) is a provincial crown corporation in British Columbia created in 1973 by the NDP government of Premier Dave Barrett.

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Intercity bus service

An intercity bus service (North American English) or intercity coach service (British English and Commonwealth English), also called a long-distance, express, over-the-road, commercial, long-haul, or highway bus or coach service, is a public transport service using coaches to carry passengers significant distances between different cities, towns, or other populated areas.

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Interconnection

In telecommunications, interconnection is the physical linking of a carrier's network with equipment or facilities not belonging to that network.

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Internal media of China

Internal media of China enables the officials of China to access information that is subject of censorship in China.

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International Bell Telephone Company

The International Bell Telephone Company (IBTC) of Brussels, Belgium was created in 1879 by the Bell Telephone Company of Boston, Massachusetts, a precursor entity to AT&T, initially to sell imported telephones and switchboards in Continental Europe.

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International Salt Co. v. United States

International Salt Co.

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Internet in Denmark

In an international context Denmark is viewed as a somewhat peculiar country when it comes to internet access.

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Internet in New Zealand

Internet access is widely available in New Zealand.

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Interoperability

Interoperability is a characteristic of a product or system, whose interfaces are completely understood, to work with other products or systems, at present or in the future, in either implementation or access, without any restrictions.

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Interpersonal relationship

An interpersonal relationship is a strong, deep, or close association or acquaintance between two or more people that may range in duration from brief to enduring.

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Interstate Commerce Act of 1887

The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 is a United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices.

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Inventor

An inventor is a person who creates or discovers a new method, form, device or other useful means that becomes known as an invention.

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Ion Antonescu

Ion Antonescu (– June 1, 1946) was a Romanian soldier and authoritarian politician who, as the Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II, presided over two successive wartime dictatorships.

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Iowa Department of Transportation

The Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT) is the government organization in the U.S. state of Iowa responsible for the organization, construction, and maintenance of the primary highway system.

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Iraq Petroleum Company

The Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), known prior to 1929 as the Turkish Petroleum Company (TPC), is an oil company which, between 1925 and 1961, had a virtual monopoly on all oil exploration and production in Iraq.

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IrelandOffline

IrelandOffline (IOFFL) is an Irish consumer pressure group which was set up on 13 May 2001 to lobby for universal, affordable internet access in Ireland.

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Irreligion in Finland

According to Finland's Population Information System, in 2010 the number of persons with no religious affiliation exceeded one million.

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Ishka

Ishka is a fictional character from the science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (DS9).

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Islamic economics

Islamic economics (الاقتصاد الإسلامي) is a term used to refer to Islamic commercial jurisprudence (فقه المعاملات, fiqh al-mu'āmalāt).

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Ivan Illich

Ivan Illich (4 September 1926 – 2 December 2002) was a Croatian-Austrian philosopher, Roman Catholic priest, and critic of the institutions of modern Western culture, who addressed contemporary practices in education, medicine, work, energy use, transportation, and economic development.

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Ivan the Terrible in Russian folklore

The image created of Ivan the Terrible throughout Russian folklore is a direct contrast to that which is typically painted of him and his rule by historians.

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Ivar Kreuger

Ivar Kreuger (2 March 1880 – 12 March 1932) was a Swedish civil engineer, financier, entrepreneur and industrialist.

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Ix (Dune)

Ix is a fictional planet featured in the ''Dune'' series of science fiction novels written by Frank Herbert, and derivative works.

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Iyer

Iyer (also spelt as Ayyar, Aiyar, Ayer or Aiyer) is a caste of Hindu Brahmin communities of Tamil origin.

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Jab Tak Hai Jaan

Jab Tak Hai Jaan (English: As long as I have life) is a 2012 Indian romantic drama film directed by Yash Chopra; written and produced by Aditya Chopra under their production banner, Yash Raj Films.

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Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co.

Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co., 419 U.S. 345 (1974), is an administrative law case of the Supreme Court of the United States holding that extensive state regulation of a public utility does not transform its acts into state action that is reviewable by a federal court under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

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Jacob Roggeveen

Jacob Roggeveen (1 February 1659 – 31 January 1729) was a Dutch explorer who was sent to find Terra Australis, but instead came across Easter Island (called Easter Island because he landed there on Easter Day).

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Jacob's Award

The Jacob's Awards were instituted in December 1962 as the first Irish television awards.

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James J. Hill

James Jerome Hill (September 16, 1838 – May 29, 1916), was a Canadian-American railroad executive.

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James Savage (banker)

James Savage (1784–1873) was an American banker and author.

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James W. Carey

James William Carey (7 September 1934 – 23 May 2006) was an American communication theorist, media critic, and a journalism instructor at the University of Illinois, and later at Columbia University.

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Jan Pieterszoon Coen

Jan Pieterszoon Coen (8 January 1587 – 21 September 1629) was an officer of the Dutch East India Company in Indonesia (VOC) in the early seventeenth century, holding two terms as its Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies.

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Japanese economic miracle

The Japanese economic miracle was Japan's record period of economic growth between the post-World War II era to the end of Cold War.

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Japanese government-issued Philippine peso

During World War II in the Philippines, the occupying Japanese government-issued fiat currency in several denominations; this is known as the Japanese government-issued Philippine fiat peso (see also Japanese invasion money).

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János Thurzó

János Thurzó (Thurzó János, Johann T(h)urzo, Jan Turzo, Ján T(h)urzo; April 30, 1437 in Lőcse – October 10, 1508 in Nagybánya) was a Hungarian entrepreneur and mining engineer.

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Jean-Claude Duvalier

Jean-Claude Duvalier, nicknamed “Baby Doc” (Bebe Dòk) (3 July 19514 October 2014), was the President of Haiti from 1971 until he was overthrown by a popular uprising in 1986.

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Jean-Jacques Dony

Jean-Jacques Daniel Dony (24 February 1759 – 1819) was an inventor and industrialist, who was born in Liège, Belgium.

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Jean-Pierre Chouteau

Jean-Pierre Chouteau (10 October 1758 – 10 July 1849) was a French Creole fur trader, merchant, politician, and slaveholder.

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Jeronis de Soysa

Gate Mudaliyar Jeronis de Soysa (19 April 1797 – 28 May 1862) was a pioneering Ceylonese entrepreneur and philanthropist.

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Jim Hogg

James Stephen "Big Jim" Hogg (March 24, 1851March 3, 1906) was an American lawyer and statesman, and the 20th Governor of Texas.

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Jobless recovery

A jobless recovery or jobless growth is an economic phenomenon in which a macroeconomy experiences growth while maintaining or decreasing its level of employment.

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Joe Louis vs. Max Schmeling

Joe Louis vs.

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Johann Joachim Becher

Johann Joachim Becher (6 May 1635 – October 1682) was a German physician, alchemist, precursor of chemistry, scholar and adventurer, best known for his development of the phlogiston theory of combustion, and his advancement of Austrian cameralism.

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John Brooks (writer)

John Brooks (December 5, 1920 – July 27, 1993) was a writer and longtime contributor to The New Yorker magazine, where he worked for many years as a staff writer, specializing in financial topics.

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John Browne (King's Gunfounder)

John Browne was an English merchant, the first holder of the post of King's Gunfounder, which was created in 1615.

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John Cabess

John Cabess (also written as John Kabes or John Cabes) (c. 1640s-1722) was a prominent African trader in the port city of Komenda, part of the Eguafo Kingdom, in modern-day Ghana.

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John Crawfurd

John Crawfurd (13 August 1783 – 11 May 1868) was a Scottish physician, colonial administrator and diplomat, and author.

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John D. Rockefeller

John Davison Rockefeller Sr. (July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) was an American oil industry business magnate, industrialist, and philanthropist.

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John Day (printer)

John Day (or Daye) (c. 1522 – 23 July 1584) was an English Protestant printer.

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John Dos Passos

John Roderigo Dos Passos (January 14, 1896 – September 28, 1970) was an American novelist and artist active in the first half of the twentieth century.

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John Fitch (inventor)

John Fitch (January 21, 1743 – July 2, 1798) was an American inventor, clockmaker, entrepreneur and engineer.

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John Frothingham

John Frothingham (June 1788 – 22 May 1870) was a Canadian merchant.

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John Graham Brooks

John Graham Brooks (1846–1938) was an American sociologist, political reformer, and author.

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John Irving (steamship captain)

John Irving (November 24, 1854 – August or October 10, 1936) was a steamship captain in British Columbia, Canada.

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John J. Albright

John Joseph Albright (1 January 1848 Buchanan, Virginia – 20 August 1931 Buffalo, New York) was a businessman, philanthropist, and one of Buffalo's leading socialites at the turn of the 20th century.

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John Jacob Astor

John Jacob Astor (July 17, 1763 – March 29, 1848) (born Johann Jakob Astor) was a German–American businessman, merchant, real estate mogul and investor who mainly made his fortune in fur trade and by investing in real estate in or around New York City.

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John Law (economist)

John Law (baptised 21 April 1671 – 21 March 1729) was a Scottish economist who believed that money was only a means of exchange that did not constitute wealth in itself and that national wealth depended on trade.

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John Lord O'Brian

John Lord O'Brian (October 14, 1874 – April 11, 1973) was an American lawyer who held public offices in the administrations of five U.S. presidents between 1909 and 1945.

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John M. Work

John McClelland Work (1869–1961) was an American socialist writer, lecturer, activist, and political functionary.

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John Maurice Clark

John Maurice Clark (1884–1963) was an American economist whose work combined the rigor of traditional economic analysis with an "institutionalist" attitude.

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John McLoughlin

Dr.

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John Q. A. Brackett

John Quincy Adams Brackett (June 8, 1842 – April 6, 1918) was an American lawyer and politician from Massachusetts.

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John Ringling

John Nicholas Ringling (May 31, 1866 – December 2, 1936) is the most well-known of the seven Ringling brothers, five of whom merged the Barnum & Bailey Circus with their own Ringling Bros World's Greatest Shows to create a virtual monopoly of traveling circuses and helped shape the circus into what it is today.

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John S. Hager

John Sharpenstein Hager (March 12, 1818March 19, 1890) was an American politician from the U.S. state of California.

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John Spilman

Sir John Spilman (also spelt Spielman) (died 1626) was a Lindau, German-born entrepreneur who founded the first commercially successful paper-mill in England, establishing a factory on the River Darenth in Dartford, Kent in 1588.

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John Stanford (general)

John Stanford (September 14, 1938 – November 28, 1998) was a United States Army officer who later became superintendent of the Seattle Public Schools.

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John/Eleanor Rykener

John Rykener, also known as Eleanor was a 14th-century transvestite sex worker arrested in December 1394 for having—what is now presumed to be—anal sex with another man, one John Britby, in London's Cheapside.

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Johnson County War

The Johnson County War, also known as the War on Powder River and the Wyoming Range War, was a range conflict that took place in Johnson County, Wyoming from 1889 to 1893.

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Joint-stock company

A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's stock can be bought and sold by shareholders.

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Jon Leibowitz

Jonathan David Leibowitz (born June 17, 1958) is an American lawyer who served as the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).

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José Batlle y Ordóñez

José Pablo Torcuato Batlle y Ordóñez (May 23, 1856 – October 20, 1929) was an Uruguayan politician who created the modern Uruguayan welfare state by his reforms.

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José de Salamanca, 1st Count of los Llanos

José de Salamanca y Mayol, 1st Marquis of Salamanca and Grandee of Spain (23 May 1811, Málaga – 21 January 1883, Madrid) was a Spanish nobleman, politician and businessman.

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Joseph Henry Nettlefold

Joseph Henry Nettlefold (19 September 1827 – 22 November 1881) was a British industrialist, the Nettlefold in Guest, Keen and Nettlefolds.

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Joseph McKenna

Joseph McKenna (August 10, 1843 – November 21, 1926) was an American politician who served in all three branches of the U.S. federal government, as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, as U.S. Attorney General and as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.

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Joseph Nasi

Dom Joseph Nasi (or Nassi; also known as João Miques/Micas and Dom João Migas Mendes in a Portuguese variant, Giuseppe Nasi in Italian, and as Yasef Nassi in Ottoman Turkish; 1524, Portugal – 1579, Constantinople) was a Portuguese-Jewish diplomat and administrator, member of the House of Mendes/Benveniste, nephew of Dona Gracia Mendes Nasi, and an influential figure in the Ottoman Empire during the rules of both Sultan Suleiman I and his son Selim II.

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Joseph Wharton

Joseph Wharton (March 3, 1826 – January 11, 1909) was an American industrialist.

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Journal Media Group

Journal Media Group (formerly Journal Communications) was a Milwaukee, Wisconsin-based newspaper publishing company.

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JT Group Limited

JT Group Limited (doing business as JT) is the parent company of several subsidiaries including Jersey Telecom Limited and Wave Telecom Limited.

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Juanes de Ávila

Juanes de Ávila or Juanes Dávila (Corona de Castilla, 1514–Imperio español, XVI century) was a Licentiate in law and civil servant of the Spanish Empire who was governor and captain general of Cuba between 1544 and 1546.

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Judenburg

Judenburg is a historic town in Styria, Austria.

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Judiciary of Kosovo

The Judiciary of Kosovo is the collection of the central Republic of Kosovo institutions that exercises judicial authority in Kosovo.

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Julian Simon

Julian Lincoln Simon (February 12, 1932 – February 8, 1998) was an American professor of business administration at the University of Maryland and a Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute at the time of his death, after previously serving as a longtime economics and business professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

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Justice and the Market

Justice and the market is an ethical perspective based upon the allocation of scarce resources within a society.

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Kane (Command & Conquer)

Kane is a fictional character in the alternate history universe of Westwood Studios' and Electronic Arts' Command & Conquer real-time strategy video games in which he is a seemingly immortal mastermind behind the ancient and secretive Brotherhood of Nod society.

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Karin Söder

Karin Ann-Marie Söder (née Bergenfur; 30 November 1928 – 19 December 2015) was a Swedish Centre politician.

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Karl Marlo

Karl Marlo, pseudonym of Karl Georg Winkelblech (April 11, 1810 – January 10, 1865), was a German professor, scientist, chemist and state socialist.

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Kasilof, Alaska

Kasilof is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska, United States.

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KDKA-TV

KDKA-TV, virtual channel 2 (UHF digital channel 25), is a CBS owned-and-operated television station licensed to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Keiretsu

A is a set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings.

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Keker, Van Nest & Peters LLP

Keker, Van Nest & Peters LLP is a premier litigation boutique located in San Francisco, California.

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Key System

The Key System (or Key Route) was a privately owned company that provided mass transit in the cities of Oakland, Berkeley, Alameda, Emeryville, Piedmont, San Leandro, Richmond, Albany, and El Cerrito in the eastern San Francisco Bay Area from 1903 until 1960, when it was sold to a newly formed public agency, AC Transit.

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Khaled Ali

Khaled Ali (also spelled Khaled Aly; خالد على) (born 26 February 1972) is a prominent Egyptian lawyer and activist.

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Kimmage

Kimmage ("Crooked water-meadow", probably referring to the meandering course of the River Poddle), is a small residential suburb located on the south side of Dublin, Ireland.

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Kingdom of Tungning

The Kingdom of Tungning or Kingdom of Formosa was a government that ruled part of southwestern Formosa (Taiwan) between 1661 and 1683.

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Kiss merchandising

The American rock band Kiss has licensed a large amount of merchandising throughout their career.

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Klaw and Erlanger

Klaw and Erlanger were a theatrical production duo based out of New York City during the early 1900s.

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Klondike (board game)

Klondike is a board game released in 1975 by Gamma Two Games based on the gold rush in the Canadian Yukon.

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Klondike Gold Rush

The Klondike Gold Rush was a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada between 1896 and 1899.

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Knickerbocker Ice Company

The Knickerbocker Ice Company was an ice company based in New York State during the 19th century.

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Koblenz, Switzerland

Koblenz (or Coblenz) is a town and municipality in the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

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Konstantin Melnikov

Konstantin Stepanovich Melnikov (Russian: Константин Степанович Мельников; – November 28, 1974) was a Russian architect and painter.

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Kootenay River

The Kootenay (Kootenai in the U.S. and historically called the Flatbow) is a major river in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, and northern Montana and Idaho in the United States.

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Korea Tobacco & Ginseng Corporation

KT&G (originally "Korea Tobacco & Ginseng" and later "Korea Tomorrow & Global Corporation", Korean: 한국담배인삼공사, Hanguk Dambae Insam Gongsa) is the leading tobacco company in South Korea with annual sales over $4 billion USD.

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Krasnoyarsk

Krasnoyarsk (p) is a city and the administrative center of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located on the Yenisei River.

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Kronen Zeitung

The Kronen Zeitung, commonly known as the Krone, is Austria's largest newspaper.

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Kronos effect

The Kronos effect is a term coined by Columbia Law School professor Tim Wu in his 2010 book The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires.

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Labor demand

In economics, the labor demand of an employer is the number of labor-hours that the employer is willing to hire based on the various exogenous (externally determined) variables it is faced with, such as the wage rate, the unit cost of capital, the market-determined selling price of its output, etc.

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Labor federation competition in the United States

Labor federation competition in the U.S. is a history of the labor movement, considering U.S. labor organizations and federations that have been regional, national, or international in scope, and that have united organizations of disparate groups of workers.

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Labour Emancipation League

The Labour Emancipation League was a socialist organisation in London.

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Lac-Mégantic rail disaster

The Lac-Mégantic rail disaster occurred in the town of Lac-Mégantic, in the Eastern Townships region of Quebec, Canada, at approximately 01:15 EDT, on July 6, 2013, when an unattended 74-car freight train carrying Bakken Formation crude oil rolled down a 1.2% grade from Nantes and derailed downtown, resulting in the fire and explosion of multiple tank cars.

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Lady Bird Johnson

Claudia Alta "Lady Bird" Johnson (née Taylor; December 22, 1912 – July 11, 2007) was an American socialite and the First Lady of the United States (1963–1969) as the wife of the 36th President of the United States, Lyndon B. Johnson.

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Lady McLeod

The Lady McLeod was a paddle steamer and a private local post.

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Lamoral II Claudius Franz, Count of Thurn and Taxis

Lamoral II Claudius Franz, Count of Thurn and Taxis (14 February 1621 (baptized) – 13 September 1676) was a German nobleman and Imperial Postmaster.

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Lateral expansion

Lateral expansion, in economics, is the growth of a business enterprise through the acquisition of similar companies, in the hope of achieving economies of scale or economies of scope.

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Laurence Gronlund

Laurence Gronlund (1846–1899) was a Danish-born American lawyer, writer, lecturer, and political activist.

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Law of the British Virgin Islands

The law of the British Virgin Islands is a combination of common law and statute, and is based heavily upon English law.

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Law of value

The law of value (German: Wertgesetz) is a central concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, first expounded in his polemic The Poverty of Philosophy (1847) against Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, with reference to David Ricardo's economics.

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Lawyer

A lawyer or attorney is a person who practices law, as an advocate, attorney, attorney at law, barrister, barrister-at-law, bar-at-law, counsel, counselor, counsellor, counselor at law, or solicitor, but not as a paralegal or charter executive secretary.

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Líneas Aéreas Privadas Argentinas

Líneas Aéreas Privadas Argentinas (Argentine Air Lines), more commonly known by the acronym LAPA, was an airline based in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

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Le Griffon

Le Griffon (The Griffin) was a 17th-century barque built by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle in his quest to find the Northwest Passage to China and Japan.

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League for Independent Political Action

The League for Independent Political Action (LIPA) was an American political organization established in late November or early December 1928 in New York City.

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Lega Nord

Lega Nord (LN; italic), whose complete name is Lega Nord per l'Indipendenza della Padania (Northern League for the Independence of Padania), is a regionalist political party in Italy.

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Legal monopoly

A legal monopoly, statutory monopoly, or de jure monopoly is a monopoly that is protected by law from competition.

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Legislation on Chinese Indonesians

Indonesian law affecting Chinese-Indonesians were conducted through a series of laws, directives, or constitutions enacted by the Government of Indonesia that affected the lives of Chinese Indonesians or Chinese nationals living in Indonesia since the nation's independence.

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Lenovo IdeaCentre Horizon

The Lenovo IdeaCentre Horizon is a table PC released at the 2013 International CES.

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Leo Wolman

Leo Wolman (February 24, 1890 – October 2, 1961) was a noted American economist whose work focused on labor economics.

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Let There Be Light (Heinlein short story)

"Let There Be Light" is a science fiction short story by Robert A. Heinlein, originally published in Super Science Stories magazine in May 1940 under the pseudonym Lyle Monroe.

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Levant Company

The Levant Company was an English chartered company formed in 1592.

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Lewis & Cooper

Lewis & Cooper Ltd is an upmarket delicatessen based in the market town of Northallerton, in North Yorkshire, with a secondary branch located in Yarm.

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Lewis H. Morgan

Lewis Henry Morgan (November 21, 1818 – December 17, 1881) was a pioneering American anthropologist and social theorist who worked as a railroad lawyer.

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Liberal democracy

Liberal democracy is a liberal political ideology and a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of classical liberalism.

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Liberal Party (Iceland)

The Liberal Party (Frjálslyndi flokkurinn) was a liberal political party in Iceland.

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Liberal socialism

Liberal socialism is a socialist political philosophy that incorporates liberal principles.

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Liberalism

Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty and equality.

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Liberia Cement Corporation

The Liberia Cement Corporation, also known as Cemenco,, AllAfrica.com, 2012-04-24.

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Life Insurance Corporation

Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) is an Indian state-owned insurance group and investment company headquartered in Mumbai.

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Likud

Likud (הַלִּיכּוּד, translit. HaLikud, lit., The Consolidation), officially, the Likud-National Liberal Movement, is a centre-right to right-wing political party in Israel.

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Limit price

A limit price (or limit pricing) is a price, or pricing strategy, where products are sold by a supplier at a price low enough to make it unprofitable for other players to enter the market.

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Limitations and exceptions to copyright

Limitations and exceptions to copyright are provisions, in local copyright law or Berne Convention, which allow for copyrighted works to be used without a license from the copyright owner.

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Lincoln County War

The Lincoln County War was an Old West conflict between rival factions, which began in 1878, in New Mexico Territory, the predecessor to the modern state of New Mexico, and dragged on until 1881.

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Liner Conference System

A Liner Conference System (also called a "shipping conference") is an agreement within the shipping industry in relation to ocean liners.

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Liquor store

A liquor store is a retail shop that predominantly sells prepackaged alcoholic beverages — typically in bottles — intended to be consumed off the store's premises.

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List of Aeroflot destinations

The history of Aeroflot can be traced back to, when the Council of Labour and Defence passed a resolution to create the Civil Air Fleet of the USSR, amalgamating all pioneer airlines to form Dobrolet on.

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List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran

List of characters and names, mentioned in the Quran.

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List of communist ideologies

Self-identified communists hold a variety of views, including Marxism, Dengism, Trotskyism, Stalinism, council communism, Luxemburgism, anarcho-communism, Christian communism, Islamic socialism and various currents of left communism.

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List of Darkwing Duck characters

This article includes a list of characters from the Disney animated series Darkwing Duck.

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List of Disney villains

This is a list of Disney villains often based on animated fictional characters who have been featured as part of the Disney character line-up.

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List of Et Cetera characters

This is a list of characters from the manga Et Cetera by Tow Nakazaki.

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List of Greek and Latin roots in English/M

Category:Lists of words.

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List of Greek and Latin roots in English/P

Category:Lists of words.

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List of Greek morphemes used in English

Greek morphemes are parts of words originating from the Greek language.

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List of historical acts of tax resistance

Tax resistance has probably existed ever since rulers began imposing taxes on their subjects.

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List of History's Lost & Found episodes

The following is an episode list for the History Channel television series History's Lost & Found.

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List of Kingsman characters

Kingsman is a British-American spy action-comedy film series co-produced and directed by Matthew Vaughn and distributed by 20th Century Fox, based on the Icon Comics graphic novel by Mark Millar and Dave Gibbons.

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List of largest civil only pharmaceutical settlements

The following is a list of the 21 largest civil settlements, reached between the United States Department of Justice and pharmaceutical companies from 2001 to 2017, ordered by the size of the total civil settlement.

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List of largest pharmaceutical settlements

The following is a list of the 20 largest settlements reached between the United States Department of Justice and pharmaceutical companies from 1991 to 2012, ordered by the size of the total settlement.

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List of Left Behind characters

This a list of characters in the Left Behind novel series by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins.

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List of legislation sponsored by Ron Paul

Ron Paul, a Republican United States Congressman from Lake Jackson, Texas, has sponsored many bills in the United States House of Representatives, such as those that would abolish the income tax or the Federal Reserve.

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List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z)

Through his adventures, Fawcett Comics/DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel and his Marvel Family gained a host of enemies, including the following.

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List of minor Blandings characters

The following is an incomplete list of the fictional characters featured in the Blandings Castle stories of P. G. Wodehouse.

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List of multiplayer Game Boy games

This is a list of multiplayer games for the Game Boy handheld game system, organized first by genre and then alphabetically by name.

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List of National Historic Landmarks in Oregon

This is a complete List of National Historic Landmarks in Oregon.

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List of nationalizations by country

This is a list of industries, services, products, or companies that have been nationalized by country.

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List of Scallywagga episodes

The following is a list of episodes from the BBC Television show Scallywagga.

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List of Super Game Boy games

This is a list of Game Boy and Game Boy Color games that make use of the enhancements, color palettes, or other features of the Super Game Boy, organized alphabetically by title.

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List of technology in the Dune universe

The technology in the Dune universe is a key aspect of the fictional setting of the Dune series of science fiction novels written by Frank Herbert, and derivative works.

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List of That Girl episodes

That Girl is an American television sitcom that aired on ABC from September 8, 1966 to March 19, 1971.

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List of The Annoying Orange episodes

The Annoying Orange is an American comedy web series created by former Minnesota film student and MTV production assistant Dane Boedigheimer in 2009.

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List of The Colbert Report episodes (2005–06)

This is a list of episodes for The Colbert Report in 2005 and 2006.

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List of The Opposition with Jordan Klepper episodes

This is a list of episodes for the late-night Comedy Central series The Opposition with Jordan Klepper.

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List of time periods

The categorization of the past into discrete, quantified named blocks of time is called periodization.

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List of Xbox games on Windows Phone

This is a list of released Xbox Live enabled games for Windows Phone.

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List of years in British television

This page indexes the individual year in British television pages.

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Lists of landmark court decisions

Landmark court decisions, in present-day common law legal systems, establish precedents that determine a significant new legal principle or concept, or otherwise substantially affect the interpretation of existing law.

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Lizzie Magie

Elizabeth J. Phillips (née Magie; 1866–1948) was an American game designer and Georgist.

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Local exchange carrier

Local exchange carrier (LEC) is a regulatory term in telecommunications for the local telephone company. In the United States, wireline telephone companies are divided into two large categories: long distance (interexchange carrier, or IXCs) and local (local exchange carrier, or LECs).

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Local option

A local option is the ability of local political jurisdictions, typically counties or municipalities, to allow decisions on certain controversial issues based on popular vote within their borders.

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Location model

A location (spatial) model refers to any monopolistic competition model in economics that demonstrates consumer preference for particular brands of goods and their locations.

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Lochner era

The Lochner era is a period in American legal history from 1897 to 1937 in which the Supreme Court of the United States is said to have made it a common practice "to strike down economic regulations adopted by a State based on the Court's own notions of the most appropriate means for the State to implement its considered policies," by using its interpretation of substantive due process to strike down laws held to be infringing on economic liberty or private contract rights.

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Locofocos

The Locofocos (also Loco Focos, Loco-focos) were a faction of the United States Democratic Party that existed from 1835 until the mid-1840s.

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London water supply infrastructure

London's water supply infrastructure has developed over the centuries in line with the expansion of London.

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Looking Backward

Looking Backward: 2000–1887 is a utopian science fiction novel by Edward Bellamy, a journalist and writer from Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts; it was first published in 1888.

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Louis Cella

Louis A. Cella (November 29, 1866 — April 29, 1918) was an American capitalist, turfman, and plutocratic political financier.

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Louis Severance

Louis Henry Severance (August 1, 1838 – June 25, 1913), oilman and philanthropist was a founding member of the Standard Oil Trust, the first treasurer of Standard Oil, (Charitable foundation established by Louis Severance's daughter.) and a sulfur magnate.

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Louis-Alexandre Taschereau

Louis-Alexandre Taschereau (March 5, 1867 – July 6, 1952) was the 14th Premier of the Canadian province of Quebec from 1920 to 1936.

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LRIC

LRIC or LRAIC (the distinction between the two is presented below) is an abbreviation for "Long-Run Average Incremental Cost".

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Lucas Cranach the Elder

Lucas Cranach the Elder (Lucas Cranach der Ältere, c. 1472 – 16 October 1553) was a German Renaissance painter and printmaker in woodcut and engraving.

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Lundbeck

H.

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Lvivelectrotrans

Lvivelectrotrans (Lviv communal enterprise "Lvivelectrotrans", LKP "Lvivelectrotrans") is a city monopolist in the field of electric transport of Lviv, a municipal enterprise owned by the Lviv community and is the operator of trams and trolleybuses in the city.

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Lynda Resnick

Lynda Rae Resnick (born 1941 or 1942) is an American billionaire entrepreneur and businesswoman.

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Lysander Spooner

Lysander Spooner (January 19, 1808 – May 14, 1887) was an American political philosopher, essayist, pamphlet writer, Unitarian, abolitionist, legal theorist, and entrepreneur of the nineteenth century.

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M-Systems

M-Systems Ltd., (sometimes spelled msystems) was a Nasdaq-listed Israeli producer of flash memory storage products founded in 1989 by Dov Moran and based in Kfar Saba, Israel.

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Ma'rib

Marib (Maʾrib) is the capital city of Ma'rib Governorate, Yemen.

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Macau–United States relations

Macau – United States relations are bilateral relations between Macau and the United States.

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Macintosh Performa

The Macintosh Performa is a family of personal computers designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from 1992 to 1997.

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Mada'in Saleh

Mada'in Saleh (مدائن صالح, madāʼin Ṣāliḥ, "Cities of Saleh"), also called "Al-Hijr" or "Hegra", is an archaeological site located in the Sector of Al-`Ula within Al Madinah Region, the Hejaz, Saudi Arabia.

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Madak

Madak was a blend of opium and tobacco used as a recreational drug in 16th and 17th century China.

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Magnus Heinason

Magnus Heinason (or Mogens Heinesøn) (1548 – 18 January 1589) was a Faroese naval hero, trader and privateer.

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Magyar Fehér Bor

Magyar Fehér Bor (literally Hungarian white wine) is a Hungarian medium sweet white wine that Alko, a state-owned Finnish alcoholic beverage retailing monopoly, has bottled and sold since the 1960s.

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Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited

Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) is a state-owned telecommunications service provider in the metro cities of Mumbai and New Delhi in India and in the island nation of Mauritius in Africa.

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Mahir Çayan

Mahir Çayan (15 March 1946 in Samsun - 30 March 1972, Kızıldere) was a Turkish communist revolutionary and the leader of People's Liberation Party-Front of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Halk Kurtuluş Partisi-Cephesi).

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Mail coach

In Great Britain, a mail coach was a stagecoach built to a Post Office-approved design operated by an independent contractor to carry long-distance mail for the Post Office.

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Major League Baseball on television

The following is a detailed description of the various television networks (both broadcast and cable), rights fees, and announcers who have called Major League Baseball games throughout the years (from the late 1930s through the present).

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Makan Delrahim

Makan Delrahim is a lawyer and lobbyist who is the current United States Assistant Attorney General for the Antitrust Division.

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Malaysian Solidarity Convention

The Malaysian Solidarity Convention was a confederation of political parties formed on 1965 May 9 and existing until August 9 to oppose Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia.

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Malwa

Malwa is a historical region of west-central India occupying a plateau of volcanic origin.

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MAN Auto-Uzbekistan

The MAN AUTO-Uzbekistan Company is an joint venture between the German MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG and the Uzbek OJSC UzAvtosanoat.

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Mangalore Ranga Pai

Mangalore Ranga Pai (7 May 1931 – 3 July 2003), or M. R. Pai, was born in Manjeshwar, Kerala, a small village on the Karnataka-Kerala Border.

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Manuel Lisa

Manuel Lisa, also known as Manuel de Lisa (September 8, 1772 in New Orleans, Louisiana – August 12, 1820 in St. Louis, Missouri), was a Spanish citizen and later, became an American citizen who, while living on the western frontier, became a land owner, merchant, fur trader, United States Indian agent, and explorer. Lisa was among the founders, in St. Louis, of the Missouri Fur Company, an early fur trading company. Manuel Lisa gained respect through his trading among Native American tribes of the upper Missouri River region, such as the Teton Sioux, Omaha and Ponca. After being appointed, as US Indian agent, during the War of 1812, Lisa used his standing among the tribes to encourage their alliance with the United States and their warfare against tribes allied with the United Kingdom. While still married to a European-American woman in St. Louis, where he kept a residence, in 1814 Lisa married Mitane, a daughter of Big Elk, the principal chief of the Omaha people, as part of securing their alliance. They had two children together, whom Lisa provided for equally in his will with his children by his other marriage.

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Mare clausum

Mare clausum (legal Latin meaning "closed sea") is a term used in international law to mention a sea, ocean or other navigable body of water under the jurisdiction of a state that is closed or not accessible to other states.

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Marginal revenue

In microeconomics, marginal revenue (R') is the additional revenue that will be generated by increasing product sales by one unit.

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Marginal revenue productivity theory of wages

The marginal revenue productivity theory of wages is a theory in neoclassical economics stating that wages are paid at a level equal to the marginal revenue product of labor, MRP (the value of the marginal product of labor), which is the increment to revenues caused by the increment to output produced by the last laborer employed.

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Maria Margaretha Kirch

Maria Margaretha Kirch (née Winckelmann, in historic sources named Maria Margaretha Kirchin; 25 February 1670 – 29 December 1720) was a German astronomer, and one of the first famous astronomers of her period due to her writings on the conjunction of the sun with Saturn, Venus, and Jupiter in 1709 and 1712 respectively.

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Maritime history

Maritime history is the study of human interaction with and activity at sea.

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Maritime history of Europe

Maritime history of Europe includes past events relating to the northwestern region of Eurasia in areas concerning shipping and shipbuilding, shipwrecks, naval battles, and military installations and lighthouses constructed to protect or aid navigation and the development of Europe.

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Market (economics)

A market is one of the many varieties of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange.

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Market concentration

In economics, market concentration is a function of the number of firms and their respective shares of the total production (alternatively, total capacity or total reserves) in a market.

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Market distortion

In neoclassical economics, a market distortion is any event in which a market reaches a market clearing price for an item that is substantially different from the price that a market would achieve while operating under conditions of perfect competition and state enforcement of legal contracts and the ownership of private property.

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Market failure

In economics, market failure is a situation in which the allocation of goods and services by a free market is not efficient, often leading to a net social welfare loss.

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Market for loyalties theory

Market for Loyalties Theory is a media theory based upon neoclassical economics.

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Market power

In economics and particularly in industrial organization, market power is the ability of a firm to profitably raise the market price of a good or service over marginal cost.

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Market segmentation index

Market segmentation index—or the Celli index of market segmentation, named after the Italian economist Gianluca Celli—is a measure of market segmentation.

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Market structure

Market structure has historically emerged in two separate types of discussions in economics, that of Adam Smith on the one hand, and that of Karl Marx on the other hand.

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Market town

Market town or market right is a legal term, originating in the Middle Ages, for a European settlement that has the right to host markets, distinguishing it from a village and city.

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Martin J. Whitman

Martin J. Whitman (September 30, 1924 September 05, 1993 – April 16, 2018) was an American investment adviser and a strong critic of the direction of recent changes in Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in the U.S. He was founder and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Third Avenue Management, and Portfolio Manager of the Third Avenue Value Fund.

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Martin Rapaport

Martin Rapaport is chairman of the Rapaport Group, founder of the Rapaport Diamond Report and the RapNet online diamond trading network.

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Marx's theory of history

The Marxist theory of historical materialism sees human society as fundamentally determined at any given time by the material conditions—in other words, the relationships which people have with each other in order to fulfill basic needs such as feeding, clothing, and housing themselves and their families.

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Marxism–Leninism

In political science, Marxism–Leninism is the ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, of the Communist International and of Stalinist political parties.

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Mary Elizabeth Lease

Mary Elizabeth Lease (September 11, 1850 – October 29, 1933) was an American lecturer, writer, Georgist, and political activist.

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Mary Pilon

Mary Pilon (born May 16, 1986 in Eugene, Oregon) is an award-winning American journalist who primarily writes about sports and business.

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Maryland Route 25

Maryland Route 25 (MD 25), locally known for nearly its entire length as Falls Road, is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland.

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Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority

The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (abbreviated MBTA and known colloquially as "the T") is the public agency responsible for operating most public transportation services in Greater Boston, Massachusetts.

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Massachusetts Body of Liberties

The Massachusetts Body of Liberties was the first legal code established by European colonists in New England.

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Master of the treasury

The master of the treasury or treasurerSegeš 2002, p. 316.

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Mataram Sultanate

The Sultanate of Mataram was the last major independent Javanese kingdom on Java before the island was colonised by the Dutch.

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Match

A match is a tool for starting a fire.

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Material criticality

Material criticality is the determination of which materials that flow through an industry or economy are most important to the production process.

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Mattel, Inc. v. MCA Records, Inc.

Mattel v. MCA Records, 296 F.3d 894 (9th Cir. 2002), was a series of lawsuits between Mattel and MCA Records that resulted from the 1997 Aqua song, "Barbie Girl".

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May 10

No description.

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May 15

No description.

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Mazoni

Mazoni Corporation commonly referred to as "Mazoni", is a Swedish multinational corporation, headquartered in Östermalmstorg, Stockholm, Sweden.

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Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller

Arnold Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller (13 July 1913 – 16 April 2012) was a Danish shipping magnate.

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Müskirat resmi

Müskirat resmi was a tax on alcohol in the Ottoman Empire.

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MC Entertainment

MC Entertainment is a Russian distributor of anime and films from Japan, United States, Germany, Great Britain, China, Thailand and South Korea.

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MCA Inc.

MCA Inc.

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Media of Austria

German magazines and (private) TV stations have affected the development of Austria since their foundation.

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Media of Croatia

The media of Croatia refers to mass media outlets based in Croatia.

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Media of Greece

The media of Greece refers to mass media outlets based in the Republic of Greece.

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Media of Iceland

The media in Iceland are well-developed for a country of its size.

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Media of South Africa

The media of South Africa has a large mass media sector and is one of Africa's major media centres.

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Media of Turkey

The media of Turkey includes a wide variety of domestic and foreign periodicals expressing disparate views, and domestic newspapers are extremely competitive.

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Media of Ukraine

The media of Ukraine refers to mass media outlets based in the Republic of Ukraine.

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Medical cannabis in the United States

In the United States, the use of cannabis for medical purposes is legal in 30 states, plus the territories of Guam and Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia, as of June 2018.

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Medici Oriental Press

The Medici Oriental Press (also Typographia Medicea) was a press established by Ferdinand de Medici in the 16th century.

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Megacorporation

Megacorporation, mega-corporation, or megacorp, a term popularized by William Gibson, derives from the combination of the prefix mega- with the word corporation.

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Melange (fictional drug)

Melange, often referred to as simply "the spice", is the name of the fictional drug central to the ''Dune'' series of science fiction novels by Frank Herbert, and derivative works.

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Melbourne Beth Din

The Melbourne Beth Din (MBD) is an Orthodox Jewish court in the city of Melbourne, Australia.

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Mercantilism

Mercantilism is a national economic policy designed to maximize the trade of a nation and, historically, to maximize the accumulation of gold and silver (as well as crops).

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Mercury Communications

Mercury Communications was a national telephone company in the United Kingdom, formed in 1981 as a subsidiary of Cable & Wireless, to challenge the then-monopoly of British Telecom (BT).

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Mercury Drug

Mercury Drug is a pharmacy chain in the Philippines.

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Mergers and acquisitions

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations, or their operating units are transferred or consolidated with other entities.

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Metrofulus

The city of Metrofulus (Bandar Metrofulus), is a fictional city-state featured in the Malaysian blockbuster superhero film, Cicak-Man.

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Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association

The Metropolitan Drinking Fountain and Cattle Trough Association was an association set up in London by Samuel Gurney, a Member of Parliament, and philanthropist and Edward Thomas Wakefield, a barrister, in 1859 to provide free drinking water.

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Metropolitan Gas Act 1860

The Metropolitan Gas Act 1860 (also Metropolis Gas Act 1860) was a United Kingdom Act of Parliament that regulated the operation of gas supply companies in London.

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MG MGA

The MGA is a sports car that was produced by MG from 1955 to 1962.

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Miami Railway Station

The Miami Railway Station is a former railway station that was built in Miami, Manitoba, by the Northern Pacific and Manitoba Railway Company in 1889.

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Michał Boym

Michał Piotr BoymHis first name is also often rendered as Michele, Michel, Miguel, Michael Peter (Transliterated also (using Wade-Giles) as Pu Che-yuen Mi-ko c. 1612–1659) was a Polish Jesuit missionary to China, scientist and explorer.

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Michał Kalecki

Michał Kalecki (22 June 1899 – 18 April 1970) was a Polish economist.

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Michael Franti

Michael Franti (born April 21, 1967) is an American musician, poet, spoken word artist and singer-songwriter.

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Michael Vey: Rise of the Elgen

Michael Vey: Rise of the Elgen is the second book by Richard Paul Evans in the Michael Vey series.

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Microsoft acquisition hoax

The Microsoft acquisition hoax is a bogus 1994 press release suggesting that the information technology company Microsoft had acquired the Roman Catholic Church.

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Microsoft litigation

Microsoft has been involved in numerous high-profile legal matters that involved litigation over the history of the company, including cases against the United States, the European Union, and competitors.

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Microsoft Product Activation

Microsoft Product Activation is a DRM technology used by Microsoft Corporation in several of its computer software programs, most notably its Windows operating system and its Office productivity suite.

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Midcyru

Midcyru is a fictional land and is the setting for events that take place in The Night Angel Trilogy.

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Mike Veon

Michael R. Veon (born January 19, 1957) is a former member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, representing the 14th District from 1985 through 2006.

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Milieu (organized crime in France)

Primarily, organized crime in France is based in its urban, major cities such as Marseille, Grenoble, Paris, and Lyon.

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Military conquests of the Ming dynasty

The military conquests of the Ming dynasty were instrumental to the dynasty's hold on power during the early Ming.

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Milwaukee

Milwaukee is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States.

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Mining in Sierra Leone

The mining industry of Sierra Leone accounted for 4.5 percent of the country's GDP in 2007 and minerals made up 79 percent of total export revenue with diamonds accounting for 46 percent of export revenue in 2008.

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Miracle on the Han River

The Miracle on the Han River refers to the period of rapid economic growth in South Korea following the Korean War (1950–1953), during which South Korea transformed from a developing country to a developed country.

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Mississippi Company

The Mississippi Company (Compagnie du Mississippi; founded 1684, named the Company of the West from 1717, and the Company of the Indies from 1719) was a corporation holding a business monopoly in French colonies in North America and the West Indies.

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Mitropa

Mitropa was a catering company best known for having managed sleeping and dining cars of different German railways for most of the 20th century.

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Mjólkursamsalan

Mjólkursamsalan, abbreviated to MS, is an Icelandic company that produces milk and other dairy products.

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Mobile telephony in Africa

Mobile telephony is well spread in Africa just like in the Western World; while in Europe and North America there is a trend towards an average of two cell phones (or two SIM cards) per person.

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Mobily

Etihad Etisalat Co. (اتحاد اتصالات) is a Saudi Arabian telecommunications services company that offers fixed line, mobile telephony, and Internet services under the brand name Mobily (موبايلي).

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Modern history

Modern history, the modern period or the modern era, is the linear, global, historiographical approach to the time frame after post-classical history.

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Moldavia

Moldavia (Moldova, or Țara Moldovei (in Romanian Latin alphabet), Цара Мѡлдовєй (in old Romanian Cyrillic alphabet) is a historical region and former principality in Central and Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River. An initially independent and later autonomous state, it existed from the 14th century to 1859, when it united with Wallachia (Țara Românească) as the basis of the modern Romanian state; at various times, Moldavia included the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak), all of Bukovina and Hertza. The region of Pokuttya was also part of it for a period of time. The western half of Moldavia is now part of Romania, the eastern side belongs to the Republic of Moldova, and the northern and southeastern parts are territories of Ukraine.

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Monaco

Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco (Principauté de Monaco), is a sovereign city-state, country and microstate on the French Riviera in Western Europe.

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Monetary reform

Monetary reform is any movement or theory that proposes a system of supplying money and financing the economy that is different from the current system.

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Money

Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a particular country or socio-economic context.

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Monopolies in the Philippines (1965–1986)

During the administration of former Philippine President and dictator Ferdinand Marcos (1965–1986) select businesses were favored and patronized by Marcos, receiving financial support, sole patronage, tax exemptions, and control over entire industries rendering these businesses as monopolies.

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Monopolistic competition

Monopolistic competition is a type of imperfect competition such that many producers sell products that are differentiated from one another (e.g. by branding or quality) and hence are not perfect substitutes.

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Monopolization

In US antitrust law, monopolization is an illegal and the main categories of prohibited behavior include exclusive dealing, price discrimination, refusing to supply an essential facility, product tying and predatory pricing.

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Monopolizing

Monopolizing may refer to.

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Monopoly (disambiguation)

A monopoly is the situation when there is one only provider of a specific good or service.

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Monopoly (game)

Monopoly is a board game where players roll two six-sided dice to move around the game board, buying and trading properties, and develop them with houses and hotels.

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Monopoly Capital

Monopoly Capital: An Essay on the American Economic and Social Order is a book by Paul Sweezy and Paul A. Baran published in 1966 by Monthly Review Press.

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Monopoly price

A monopoly price is set by a monopoly.

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Monopoly profit

In economics a monopoly is a firm that lacks any viable competition, and is the sole producer of the industry's product.

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Monopsony

In economics, a monopsony (from Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos) "single" + ὀψωνία (opsōnía) "purchase") is a market structure in which only one buyer interacts with many would-be sellers of a particular product.

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Montreal Canadiens centennial

The Montreal Canadiens centennial was celebrated by the Montreal Canadiens ice hockey team during its 2008–09 and 2009–10 seasons, commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the founding of the National Hockey League's most successful club.

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Montreal, Maine and Atlantic Railway

The Montreal, Maine and Atlantic Railway was a Class II freight railroad that operated in the U.S. states of Maine and Vermont and the Canadian province of Quebec between 2002 and 2014.

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Morgan family

The Morgan family was an American financial and banking dynasty, which became prominent in the U.S. and throughout the world in the late 19th century and early 20th century.

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Morris and Essex Railroad

The Morris and Essex Railroad was a railroad across northern New Jersey, later part of the main line of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad.

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Morris Tanenbaum

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Most-Favoured-Customer Clause

A Most-Favoured-Customer Clause (MFC) is a contractual arrangement between vendor and customer that guarantees the customer the best price the vendor gives to anyone.

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Motion Picture Patents Company

The Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC, also known as the Edison Trust), founded in December 1908 and terminated seven years later in 1915 after conflicts within the industry, was a trust of all the major USA film companies and local foreign-branches (Edison, Biograph, Vitagraph, Essanay, Selig Polyscope, Lubin Manufacturing, Kalem Company, Star Film Paris, American Pathé), the leading film distributor (George Kleine) and the biggest supplier of raw film stock, Eastman Kodak.

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Motorola V525

The Motorola V525 is a mobile phone made by the company Motorola and is a phone which is exclusive to the Vodafone network or otherwise has to be unblocked to be used on any other network.

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Mountain man

A mountain man is an explorer who lives in the wilderness.

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Movie Central

Movie Central (occasionally abbreviated as "MC") was a Canadian English language Category A premium cable and satellite television channel that was owned by Corus Entertainment.

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Mr. Burns

Charles Montgomery Burns, a.k.a. Monty Burns, commonly referred to simply as Mr.

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Multistability

In a dynamical system, multistability is the property of having multiple stable equilibrium points in the vector space spanned by the states in the system.

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Multiven

Multiven Group BV provides multi-vendor Internet Protocol network infrastructure, technical support, maintenance and consulting services to large enterprises, Internet service providers, small, medium businesses, Telecommunications companies, Fortune 500, Academia and government agencies.

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Muscovy Company

The Muscovy Company (also called the Russian Company or the Muscovy Trading Company, Московская компания, Moskovskaya kompaniya) was an English trading company chartered in 1555.

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Music of Turkey

The music of Turkey includes mainly Turkic elements as well as partial influences ranging from Central Asian folk music, Arabic music, Greek music, Ottoman music, Persian music and Balkan music, as well as references to more modern European and American popular music.

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Musical composition

Musical composition can refer to an original piece of music, either a song or an instrumental music piece, the structure of a musical piece, or the process of creating or writing a new song or piece of music.

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Nacotchtank

The Nacotchtank were a native Algonquian people who lived in the area of what is now Washington, D.C. during the 17th century.

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Naftna Industrija Srbije

Naftna Industrija Srbije (abbr. NIS; Petroleum Industry of Serbia) is a Serbian multinational oil and gas company with headquarters in NIS building, Novi Sad, Serbia.

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Namco

is a Japanese corporation that operates game centers and theme parks, but is best known for its previous identity as a video game developer and publisher.

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Nanorobotics

Nanorobotics is an emerging technology field creating machines or robots whose components are at or near the scale of a nanometre (10−9 meters).

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Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa

Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa (Catalan: Narcís Claveria i Zaldua; 2 May 1795 – 20 June 1851) was a Spanish army officer who served as the Governor-General of the Philippines from July 16, 1844 to December 26, 1849.

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National Association of Broadcasters

The National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) is a trade association and lobby group representing the interests of commercial and non-commercial over-the-air radio and television broadcasters in the United States.

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National champions

National champion is a governmental policy in which large organizations are expected not only to seek profit but also to "advance the interests of the nation"; the government sets policies which favor these organizations.

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National City Lines

National City Lines, Inc. (NCL) was a public transportation company.

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National Company for Rail Transport

The National Rail Transportation Company (Société Nationale des Transports Ferroviaires, abbreviated SNTF; الشركة الوطنية للنّقل بالسّكك الحديدية) — is Algeria's national railway operator.

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National Competition Policy (Australia)

The term National Competition Policy refers to a set of policies introduced in Australia in the 1990s with the aim of promoting microeconomic reform.

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National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933

The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA) was a US labor law and consumer law passed by the US Congress to authorize the President to regulate industry for fair wages and prices that would stimulate economic recovery.

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National Intelligence Service of Brazil

The Serviço Nacional de Informações, or SNI (National Information Service) of Brazil was formed by the Castelo Branco government in 1964.

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National Liberal Party (Hawaii)

In 1892, the Hawaiian National Liberal Party (ʻAoʻao Lāhui Hawaiʻi Liberala in the Hawaiian), also known as the National Liberal Party of the Hawaiian Kingdom (generally known as just the "Liberal Party"), was a political party of the Kingdom of Hawaii near its end.

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National Railway

The National Railway or National Air Line Railroad was a planned railroad between New York City and Washington, D.C. in the United States around 1870.

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National Register of Historic Places listings in Clatsop County, Oregon

Clatsop County.

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Natural Gas Act of 1938

The Natural Gas Act of 1938 was the first occurrence of the United States federal government regulating the natural gas industry.

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Natural monopoly

A natural monopoly is a monopoly in an industry in which high infrastructural costs and other barriers to entry relative to the size of the market give the largest supplier in an industry, often the first supplier in a market, an overwhelming advantage over potential competitors.

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NBC

The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast.

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Ncell

Ncell (एनसेल), is a privately owned mobile network operator in Nepal. Ncell was the first private company to operate public GSM services in Nepal, initially under Mero Mobile brand, re-branded to Ncell on 12 March 2010. It broke the monopoly held by the then state-owned, now public telecommunication company Nepal Telecom. On 12 April 2016, Ncell has officially become a part of Axiata Group Berhad, a Malaysian telecommunications group.

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Neat Domestic Training Pty Ltd v AWB Ltd

NEAT Domestic Trading Pty Ltd v AWB Ltd was a case before the High Court of Australia which was decided in 2003.

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Nepali tea

Nepali tea is a beverage made from the leaves of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) grown in Nepal.

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Neptune Distribution

Neptune Distribution was a comic distribution company established in Leicester in 1986.

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Netherlands Competition Authority

The Netherlands Competition Authority (Dutch: Nederlandse Mededingingsautoriteit, NMa) was the competition regulator for the Netherlands.

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Netscape Navigator

Netscape Navigator was a proprietary web browser, and the original browser of the Netscape line, from versions 1 to 4.08, and 9.x. It was the flagship product of the Netscape Communications Corp and was the dominant web browser in terms of usage share in the 1990s, but by 2002 its use had almost disappeared.

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Network effect

A network effect (also called network externality or demand-side economies of scale) is the positive effect described in economics and business that an additional user of a good or service has on the value of that product to others.

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Nevis

Nevis is a small island in the Caribbean Sea that forms part of the inner arc of the Leeward Islands chain of the West Indies.

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New Nation (United States)

The New Nation was a weekly newspaper launched in Boston, Massachusetts in January 1891 by the American socialist writer Edward Bellamy.

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New Order (Indonesia)

The New Order (Orde Baru) is the term coined by the second Indonesian President Suharto to characterise his regime as he came to power in 1966.

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New Romney (UK Parliament constituency)

New Romney was a parliamentary constituency in Kent, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1371 until 1832, when it was abolished by the Great Reform Act.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad

The New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, commonly known as the New Haven, was a railroad that operated in northeastern United States from 1872 to 1968, dominating the region's rail traffic for the first half of the 20th century.

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New Zealand Liberal Party

The New Zealand Liberal Party was the first organised political party in New Zealand.

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New Zealand Racing Board

The New Zealand Racing Board (NZRB) is a statutory monopoly for New Zealand sports betting, including betting on horse racing and greyhound racing.

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NexTag

Nextag is an independent price comparison service website for products, travel, and education.

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NHL on Sportsnet

NHL on Sportsnet is the blanket title for presentations of the National Hockey League broadcast held by a Canadian media corporation, Rogers Communications showing on its television channel Sportsnet and other networks owned by or affiliated with its Rogers Media division as well as the Sportsnet Radio chain.

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Nichiren Shōshū

is a branch of Nichiren Buddhism based on the teachings of the 13th-century Japanese Buddhist priest Nichiren (1222–1282).

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Nicholas Exton

Sir Nicholas Exton (died 1402) was a medieval English merchant.

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Nicholas Fuller (lawyer)

Sir Nicholas Fuller (1543 – 23 February 1620) was an English barrister and Member of Parliament.

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Nicholas Hilliard

Nicholas Hilliard (c. 1547 – 7 January 1619) was an English goldsmith and limner best known for his portrait miniatures of members of the courts of Elizabeth I and James I of England.

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Nicolás Espinoza

Nicolás Espinoza (sometimes Nicolás Espinosa) (November 1795, Tenancingo, Cuscatlán – March 1845, Nacaome, Honduras), general and licenciado, governed the State of El Salvador from April 10, 1835 to November 15, 1835.

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Nielsen Audio

Nielsen Audio (formerly Arbitron) is a consumer research company in the United States that collects listener data on radio broadcasting audiences.

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Nikolai Rezanov

Nikolai Petrovich Rezanov (Николай Петрович Резанов) (&ndash) was a Russian nobleman and statesman who promoted the project of Russian colonization of Alaska and California to three successive Tsars—Catherine the Great, Paul, and Aleksander I. Aleksander I commissioned him as Russian ambassador to Japan (1804) to conclude a commercial treaty.

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Nome King

The Nome King is a fictional character created by American author L. Frank Baum.

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Non-convexity (economics)

In economics, non-convexity refers to violations of the convexity assumptions of elementary economics.

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Nordic bread culture

Nordic bread culture has existed in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden from prehistoric time through to the present.

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Norman G. Baker

Norman G. Baker (November 27, 1882September 10, 1958) was an early American radio broadcaster, entrepreneur and inventor who secured fame as well as state and federal prison terms by promoting a supposed cure for cancer in the 1930s.

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Norman Kittson

Norman Wolfred Kittson (March 6, 1814 – May 10, 1888) was one of early Minnesota's most prominent citizens.

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North American fur trade

The North American fur trade was the industry and activities related to the acquisition, trade, exchange, and sale of animal furs in North America.

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North Carolina State Board of Dental Examiners v. FTC

North Carolina State Board of Dental Examiners v. Federal Trade Commission,, was a United States Supreme Court case on the scope of immunity from US antitrust law.

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North River Steamboat

The North River Steamboat or North River, colloquially known as the Clermont, is widely regarded as the world's first vessel to demonstrate the viability of using steam propulsion for commercial water transportation.

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Northern Securities Co. v. United States

Northern Securities Co.

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Northwestern Consolidated Milling Company

Northwestern Consolidated Milling Company was an American flour milling company that operated about one quarter of the mills in Minneapolis when the city was the flour milling capital of the world.

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Nouvelles Extraordinaires de Divers Endroits

Nouvelles Extraordinaires de Divers Endroits (English: "Extraordinary News from Various Places") or Gazette de Leyde (Gazette of Leiden) was the most important newspaper of record of the international European newspapers of the late 17th to the late 18th century.

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Novell

Novell, Inc. was a software and services company headquartered in Provo, Utah.

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November 28

No description.

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Nuclear weapons of the United States

The United States was the first country to manufacture nuclear weapons and is the only country to have used them in combat, with the separate bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II.

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Nuevo Continente

Nuevo Continente was a passenger airline based in Lima, Peru, operating scheduled domestic and international flights out of Jorge Chavez International Airport.

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Number pooling

Number pooling is a method of reallocating telephony numbering space in the North American Numbering Plan, primarily in growth areas in the United States.

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Nutmeg

Nutmeg is the seed or ground spice of several species of the genus Myristica.

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Nuussuaq

Nuussuaq (old spelling: Nûgssuaq), formerly Kraulshavn, is a settlement in the Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland.

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Oasis (hotel and casino)

Oasis was a hotel and casino located on of land at 897 West Mesquite Boulevard in Mesquite, Nevada, adjacent to Interstate 15.

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Occupational licensing

Occupational licensing, also called occupational licensure, is a form of government regulation requiring a license to pursue a particular profession or vocation for compensation.

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OCLC

OCLC, currently incorporated as OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Incorporated, is an American nonprofit cooperative organization "dedicated to the public purposes of furthering access to the world's information and reducing information costs".

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Oda Nobunaga

was a powerful daimyō (feudal lord) of Japan in the late 16th century who attempted to unify Japan during the late Sengoku period, and successfully gained control over most of Honshu.

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Office of Gas and Electricity Markets

The Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem), supporting the Gas and Electricity Markets Authority (GEMA), is the government regulator for the electricity and downstream natural gas markets in Great Britain.

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Oftel

The Office of Telecommunications (Oftel) (the telecommunications regulator) was a department in the United Kingdom government, under civil service control, charged with promoting competition and maintaining the interests of consumers in the UK telecommunications market.

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Oil and gas industry in Myanmar

Myanmar, is a developing country and an important natural gas and petroleum producer in Asia.

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Oil Refineries

Oil Refineries Ltd. (ORL or BAZAN), is an oil refining and petrochemicals company located in Haifa Bay, Israel.

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Old Economy Village

Old Economy Village is a historic settlement in Ambridge, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Oligopoly

An oligopoly (from Ancient Greek ὀλίγος (olígos) "few" + πωλεῖν (polein) "to sell") is a market form wherein a market or industry is dominated by a small number of large sellers (oligopolists).

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Oligopsony

An oligopsony (from Ancient Greek ὀλίγοι (oligoi) "few" + ὀψωνία (opsōnia) "purchase") is a market form in which the number of buyers is small while the number of sellers in theory could be large.

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Olpe, Germany

Olpe is a town situated in the foothills of the Ebbegebirge in North Rhine-Westphalia, roughly 60 km east of Cologne and 20 km northwest of Siegen.

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Open access (infrastructure)

In the context of infrastructure, open access involves physical infrastructure such as railways and physical telecommunications network plant being made available to clients other than the owners, for a fee.

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Open Access Same-Time Information System

The Open Access Same-Time Information System (OASIS), is an Internet-based system for obtaining services related to electric power transmission in North America.

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Open market

The term open market is used generally to refer to an economic situation close to free trade.

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Open standard

An open standard is a standard that is publicly available and has various rights to use associated with it, and may also have various properties of how it was designed (e.g. open process).

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Open-source model

The open-source model is a decentralized software-development model that encourages open collaboration.

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Opium

Opium (poppy tears, with the scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy (scientific name: Papaver somniferum).

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Opposition to copyright

Opposition to copyright or anti-copyright refers to a movement dissenting the nature of current copyright law, often focusing on perceived negative philosophical, economical or social effects of such laws.

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Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar

Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar is a nobility title in Pahang Sultanate and one of the four highest ranking nobles below the monarch.

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Ordoliberalism

Ordoliberalism is the German variant of social liberalism that emphasizes the need for the state to ensure that the free market produces results close to its theoretical potential.

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Organizations of the Dune universe

Multiple organizations of the Dune universe dominate the political, religious, and social arena of the fictional setting of Frank Herbert's ''Dune'' series of science fiction novels, and derivative works.

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Ori Yogev

Ori Yogev (אורי יוגב; born November 3, 1960) is an Israeli businessman who served as the appointed head of the Budget Division in the Ministry of Finance between 2002 and 2004.

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Oriental Bank Corporation

The Oriental Bank Corporation was a bank in India in the 19th century.

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Original Six

The Original Six is the group of six teams that made up the National Hockey League (NHL) for the 25 seasons between the 1942–43 season and the 1967 NHL expansion.

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Ostrich leather

Ostrich leather is the result of tanning skins taken from African ostriches farmed for their feathers, skin and meat.

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Otter (sternwheeler)

Otter was a wooden sternwheel steamboat that was used in Puget Sound and briefly on the Columbia and Stikine rivers from 1874 to 1897.

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Otto Schott

Friedrich Otto Schott (17 December 1851 – 27 August 1935) was a German chemist, glass technologist, and the inventor of borosilicate glass.

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Otto von Camphausen

Otto von Camphausen (21 October 1812 – 18 May 1896) was a Prussian statesman.

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Ottoman Tunisia

Ottoman Tunis refers to the episode of the Turkish presence in Ifriqiya during the course of three centuries from the 16th century until the 18th century, when Tunis was officially integrated into the Ottoman Empire as the Eyalet of Tunis (province).

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Outline of economics

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to economics: Economics – analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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Outline of industrial organization

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to industrial organization: Industrial organization – describes the behavior of firms in the marketplace with regard to production, pricing, employment and other decisions.

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Outline of marketing

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to marketing: Marketing – social and managerial processes by which products, services, and value are exchanged in order to fulfill individuals' or groups' needs and wants.

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Owen Brewster

Ralph Owen Brewster (February 22, 1888 – December 25, 1961) was an American politician from Maine.

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Ownership unbundling

Ownership unbundling is the process by which a company is divested of some of its asset via legislation.

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Oxnard strike of 1903

The Oxnard strike of 1903 was a labor rights dispute in the southern California coastal city of Oxnard between local landowners and the majority Japanese and Mexican labor force.

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Oyster pirate

Oyster pirates on the Chesapeake Bay in 1884 Oyster pirate is a name given to persons who engage in the poaching of oysters.

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P&O Building (Fremantle)

The former P&O Building, also known as the Australian Union Steamship Navigation Company building is a heritage-listed building in Phillimore Street in the west end of Fremantle, Western Australia.

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Pac-Man Party

Pac-Man Party is a party game by Namco Bandai Games for the Wii and Nintendo 3DS.

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Pacific City Lines

Pacific City Lines was a company formed in 1937 as a subsidiary to National City Lines in Oakland, California.

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Packaging and labeling

Packaging is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use.

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Packers and Stockyards Act

The Packers and Stockyards Act of 1921 (7 U.S.C. §§ 181-229b; P&S Act) was enacted following the release in 1919 of the Report of the Federal Trade Commission on the meatpacking industry.

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Paclitaxel

Paclitaxel (PTX), sold under the brand name Taxol among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer.

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Pacman conjecture

The Pacman Conjecture holds that durable-goods monopolists have complete market power and so can exercise perfect price discrimination, thus extracting the total surplus.

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Padogobius

Padogobius is a genus of fish in the family Gobiidae, the gobies.

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Paf (company)

Ålands Penningautomatförening or Paf is a Finnish company that operates a legal gambling monopoly on the Åland Islands, Finland.

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Pakistan Television Corporation

Pakistan Television Corporation (پاكِستان ٹیلی وژن نیٹ ورک; reporting name: PTV) is a public and commercial broadcasting television network, as well as a mass-media state-owned megacorporation, with headquarters at Islamabad, Pakistan.

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Palliser's Triangle

Palliser's Triangle, or the Palliser Triangle, is a semi-arid steppe occupying a substantial portion of the Western Canadian Prairie Provinces, Saskatchewan, Alberta and Manitoba, within the Great Plains region.

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Pan Trafikk

Pan Trafikk was a Norwegian bus company operating in and around the city of Bergen.

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Panic of 1907

The Panic of 1907 – also known as the 1907 Bankers' Panic or Knickerbocker Crisis – was a United States financial crisis that took place over a three-week period starting in mid-October, when the New York Stock Exchange fell almost 50% from its peak the previous year.

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Parallel import

A parallel import is a non-counterfeit product imported from another country without the permission of the intellectual property owner.

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Parti canadien

The Parti canadien or Parti patriote was a primarily francophone political party in what is now Quebec founded by members of the liberal elite of Lower Canada at the beginning of the 19th century.

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Partial equilibrium

Partial equilibrium is a condition of economic equilibrium which takes into consideration only a part of the market, ceteris paribus, to attain equilibrium.

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Partnership

A partnership is an arrangement where parties, known as partners, agree to cooperate to advance their mutual interests.

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Passing off in Canadian law

In Canada, passing off is both a common law tort and a statutory cause of action under the Canadian ''Trade-marks Act'' referring to the deceptive representation or marketing of goods or services by competitors in a manner that confuses consumers.

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Pat Lawlor

Patrick M. Lawlor (born 1951) is a video game and pinball machine designer.

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Patent infringement in Canadian law

Once an invention is patented in Canada, exclusive rights are granted to the patent holder as defined by s.42 of the Patent Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. P-4).

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Patent portfolio

A patent portfolio is a collection of patents owned by a single entity, such as an individual or corporation.

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Patent theatre

The patent theatres were the theatres that were licensed to perform "spoken drama" after the Restoration of Charles II as King of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1660.

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Pattillo Higgins

Pattillo Higgins (December 5, 1863 – June 5, 1955) was a businessman as well as a self-taught geologist.

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Paubrasilia

Paubrasilia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae.

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Paul Garrin

Paul Garrin (born 1957) is an interdisciplinary artist and social entrepreneur whose work explores the social impact of technology and issues of media access, free speech, public/private space, and the digital divide.

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Paul Kruger

Stephanus Johannes Paulus "Paul" Kruger (10 October 1825 – 14 July 1904) was one of the dominant political and military figures in 19th-century South Africa, and President of the South African Republic (or Transvaal) from 1883 to 1900.

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Pavel Grachev

Pavel Sergeyevich Grachev (Па́вел Серге́евич Грачё́в; 1 January 1948 – 23 September 2012), sometimes transliterated as Grachov, was a Russian Army General and the Defence Minister of the Russian Federation from 1992 to 1996; in 1988 he was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union gold star.

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Pechiney

Pechiney SA was a major aluminium conglomerate based in France.

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Pedro Albizu Campos

Pedro Albizu Campos (September 12, 1891Luis Fortuño Janeiro. Album Histórico de Ponce (1692-1963). p. 290. Ponce, Puerto Rico: Imprenta Fortuño. 1963. – April 21, 1965) was a Puerto Rican attorney and politician, and the leading figure in the Puerto Rican independence movement.

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Pedro de Unamuno

Pedro de Unamuno was a Spanish soldier and sailor, active in New Spain and Spanish East Indies, particularly Philippines, in the second half of the 16th century.

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Pelni

Pelni (Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia, Indonesian National Lines) is the national shipping company of Indonesia.

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Penetration pricing

Penetration pricing is a pricing strategy where the price of a product is initially set low to rapidly reach a wide fraction of the market and initiate word of mouth.

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Penguin Books

Penguin Books is a British publishing house.

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People's Party (United States)

The People's Party, also known as the Populist Party or the Populists, was an agrarian-populist political party in the United States.

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Pepper Hamilton

Pepper Hamilton LLP is a U.S.-based law firm with 13 offices and around 500 attorneys.

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Perfect competition

In economics, specifically general equilibrium theory, a perfect market is defined by several idealizing conditions, collectively called perfect competition.

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Periodization

Periodization is the process or study of categorizing the past into discrete, quantified named blocks of timeAdam Rabinowitz.

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Periodizations of capitalism

A periodization of capitalism seeks to distinguish stages of development that help understanding of features of capitalism through time.

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Perpetual copyright

Perpetual copyright can refer to a copyright without a finite term, or to a copyright whose finite term is perpetually extended.

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Personalized search

Personalized search refers to web search experiences that are tailored specifically to an individual's interests by incorporating information about the individual beyond specific query provided.

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Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood

Sir Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood, 1st Baronet, (9 May 1801 – 12 April 1866) was an English landowner, developer and Member of Parliament, who founded the town of Fleetwood, in Lancashire, England.

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Pfizer Inc. v. Government of India

Pfizer Inc.

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Pharmacies of Norway

Pharmacies of Norway are dominated by the three large companies Alliance Boots, Apokjeden and Norsk Medisinaldepot.

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Philip K. Dick

Philip Kindred Dick (December 16, 1928 – March 2, 1982) was an American writer known for his work in science fiction.

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Philippine Competition Commission

The Philippine Competition Commission (PhCC) is an independent, quasi-judicial body formed to implement the Philippine Competition Act (Republic Act No. 10667).

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Phillips curve

The Phillips curve is a single-equation empirical model, named after William Phillips, describing a historical inverse relationship between rates of unemployment and corresponding rates of rises in wages that result within an economy.

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Philosophy of copyright

The philosophy of copyright considers philosophical issues linked to copyright policy, and other jurisprudential problems that arise in legal systems' interpretation and application of copyright law.

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Phreaking

Phreaking is a slang term coined to describe the activity of a culture of people who study, experiment with, or explore telecommunication systems, such as equipment and systems connected to public telephone networks.

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Physician self-referral

Physician self-referral is a term describing the practice of a physician ordering tests on a patient that are performed by either the referring physician himself or a fellow faculty member from whom he receives financial compensation in return for the referral.

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Pier House Museum

The Pier House Museum is a museum in Symbister, Whalsay, in the Shetland Islands of Scotland.

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Pigs in popular culture

Pigs, widely present in world cultures, have taken on many meanings and been used for many purposes in traditional arts, popular culture, and media.

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Pill Prizes

Pill prizes are the idea put forth by Joseph E. Stiglitz when he wrote "Prizes, not patents", in order to address shortfalls of using patents from a pharmaceutical drug perspective.

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Pine City, Minnesota

Pine City is a city in Pine County, Minnesota, United States.

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Pioneers of American Freedom

Pioneers of American Freedom: Origin of Liberal and Radical Thought in America is a book by the German anarcho-syndicalist Rudolf Rocker about the history of liberal, libertarian, and anarchist thought in the United States.

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Piper cubeba

Piper cubeba, cubeb or tailed pepper is a plant in genus Piper, cultivated for its fruit and essential oil.

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Pirate Party (Spain)

The Pirate Party (Partido Pirata; short: PIRATA, "Pirate") is a political party in Spain based on the model of the Swedish Pirate Party.

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Pittsburgh railroad strike of 1877

The Pittsburgh railway riots occurred in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as part of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877.

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Planetes

is a Japanese hard science fiction manga written and illustrated by Makoto Yukimura.

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Plankton and Karen

Sheldon J. Plankton and Karen Plankton are fictional characters in the American animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants.

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Play value

Play value is the essential value of a toy or game for play.

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PLDT

PLDT Inc.,, formerly known as the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (Kompanya ng Teleponong Pangmalayuan ng Pilipinas), is the largest telecommunications and digital services company in the Philippines and the most known internet service provider.

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Plutocracy

A plutocracy (πλοῦτος,, 'wealth' + κράτος,, 'rule') or plutarchy is a society that is ruled or controlled by people of great wealth or income.

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Polish Telegraphic Agency

Polish Telegraphic Agency (PAT) was a Polish state-owned news agency established on October 31, 1918.

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Political corruption

Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain.

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Political economy

Political economy is the study of production and trade and their relations with law, custom and government; and with the distribution of national income and wealth.

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Political science of religion

The political science of religion (also referred to as politicology of religion or politology of religion) is one of the youngest disciplines in the political sciences that deals with a study of influence that religion has on politics and vice versa with a focus on the relationship between the subjects (actors) in politics in the narrow sense: government, political parties, pressure groups, and religious communities.

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Politics of Costa Rica

The politics of Costa Rica take place in a framework of a presidential, representative democratic republic, with a multi-party system.

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Politics of Mauritania

The first fully democratic Presidential election since 1960 occurred on 11 March 2007.

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Politics of the Soviet Union

The political system of the Soviet Union took place in a single-party socialist republic framework which was characterized by the superior role of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), the only party permitted by the Constitution.

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Polmos

Polmos (acronym for Polski Monopol Spirytusowy, Polish Spirits Monopoly) was a Polish state-owned monopoly, controlling the Polish market for alcoholic beverages.

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Polmos Białystok

Polmos Białystok is one of the largest producers of alcoholic beverages in Poland.

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Polycentric law

Polycentric law is a legal structure in which providers of legal systems compete or overlap in a given jurisdiction, as opposed to monopolistic statutory law according to which there is a sole provider of law for each jurisdiction.

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Pope's Creek Subdivision

The Pope's Creek Subdivision is a CSX Transportation railroad line in Maryland, running from Bowie to Morgantown where the Morgantown Generating Station is located and the Chalk Point Generating Station.

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Port of Churchill

The Port of Churchill in Churchill, Manitoba, Canada is a port on Hudson Bay, part of the Arctic Ocean and connected to the North Atlantic.

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Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom

The Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom occurred after Portuguese traders arrived at the rival Kotte Kingdom in the southwest of modern Sri Lanka in 1505.

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Portuguese East India Company

The Portuguese East India Company (Companhia do commércio da Índia or Companhia da Índia Oriental) was a short-lived ill-fated attempt by Philip III of Portugal to create a national chartered company to look after interests in Portuguese India in the face on encroachment by the Dutch and English following the personal union of the Portuguese and Spanish Crowns.

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Portuguese Pandur

In 2005 the Portuguese government signed a deal worth 364 million euros to acquire 260 Pandur II armoured vehicle, with an option for further 33 worth 140 million euros, to equip the Portuguese Intervention Brigade of the Portuguese Army and the marines of the Portuguese Navy.

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Postal, telegraph and telephone service

A postal, telegraph, and telephone service (or PTT) is a government agency responsible for postal mail, telegraph, and telephone services.

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Postchristianity

Postchristianity is the loss of the primacy of the Christian worldview in political affairs, especially in the Global North where Christianity had previously flourished, in favor of alternative worldviews such as secularism or nationalism.

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Posten Norge

Posten Norge or Norway Post is the name of the Norwegian postal service.

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Powertrans

Powertrans is an oil trading company in Turkey that was established in 2011.

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Powszechny Zakład Ubezpieczeń

PZU Group (PZU) is a publicly traded insurance company, a component of the WIG20 and one of the largest financial institutions in Poland.

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Practice of law

In its most general sense, the practice of law involves giving legal advice to clients, drafting legal documents for clients, and representing clients in legal negotiations and court proceedings such as lawsuits, and is applied to the professional services of a lawyer or attorney at law, barrister, solicitor, or civil law notary.

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Praga Koneser Center

Praga Koneser Center is a complex of residential, office, cultural and entertainment facilities located on the premises of the former Warsaw Vodka Factory "Koneser".

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Predatory pricing

Predatory pricing, also known as undercutting, is a pricing strategy in which a product or service is set at a very low price with the intention to drive competitors out of the market or to create barriers to entry for potential new competitors.

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Premier Boxing Champions

Premier Boxing Champions (PBC) is a television boxing series organized by Haymon Boxing.

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Premier Election Solutions

Premier Election Solutions, formerly Diebold Election Systems, Inc. (DESI), was a subsidiary of Diebold that makes and sells voting machines.

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Presidency of Benjamin Harrison

The presidency of Benjamin Harrison began on March 4, 1889, when Benjamin Harrison was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended on March 4, 1893.

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Price ceiling

A price ceiling is a government-imposed price control, or limit, on how high a price is charged for a product.

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Price discrimination

Price discrimination is a microeconomic pricing strategy where identical or largely similar goods or services are transacted at different prices by the same provider in different markets.

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Price fixing

Price fixing is an agreement between participants on the same side in a market to buy or sell a product, service, or commodity only at a fixed price, or maintain the market conditions such that the price is maintained at a given level by controlling supply and demand.

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Price gouging

Price gouging is a pejorative term referring to when a seller spikes the prices of goods, services or commodities to a level much higher than is considered reasonable or fair, and is considered exploitative, potentially to an unethical extent.

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Price signal

A price signal is information conveyed to consumers and producers, via the price charged for a product or service, which provides a signal to increase or decrease supply or demand.

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Price war

Price war is "commercial competition characterized by the repeated cutting of prices below those of competitors".

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Primitive accumulation of capital

In Marxist economics and preceding theories,Perelman, p. 25 (ch. 2) the problem of primitive accumulation (also called previous accumulation, original accumulation) of capital concerns the origin of capital, and therefore of how class distinctions between possessors and non-possessors came to be.

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Prince Rupert of the Rhine

Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Duke of Cumberland (17 December 1619 – 29 November 1682) was a noted German soldier, admiral, scientist, sportsman, colonial governor and amateur artist during the 17th century.

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Printing patent

The printing patent or printing privilege was a precursor of modern copyright.

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Private defense agency

A private defense agency (PDA) is an enterprise which would provide personal protection and military defense services to individuals who would voluntarily contract for its services.

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Private spaceflight

Private spaceflight is flight beyond the Kármán line (above the nominal edge of space at Earth altitude)—or the development of new spaceflight technology—that is conducted and paid for by an entity other than a government agency.

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Prizes as an alternative to patents

Some authors advocating patent reform have proposed the use of prizes as an alternative to patents.

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Prodrazvyorstka

Prodrazvyorstka (p, short for развёрстка, food apportionment) was a Bolshevik policy and campaign of confiscation of grain and other agricultural products from the peasants at nominal fixed prices according to specified quotas (the noun razvyorstka,, and the verb razverstat' refer to the partition of the requested total amount as obligations from the suppliers).

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Product bundling

In marketing, product bundling is offering several products or services for sale as one combined product or service package.

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Product differentiation

In economics and marketing, product differentiation (or simply differentiation) is the process of distinguishing a product or service from others, to make it more attractive to a particular target market.

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Profession

A profession is a vocation founded upon specialized educational training, the purpose of which is to supply disinterested objective counsel and service to others, for a direct and definite compensation, wholly apart from expectation of other business gain.

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Profit (accounting)

Profit, in accounting, is an income distributed to the owner in a profitable market production process (business).

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Profit (economics)

In economics, profit in the accounting sense of the excess of revenue over cost is the sum of two components: normal profit and economic profit.

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Profit maximization

In economics, profit maximization is the short run or long run process by which a firm may determine the price, input, and output levels that lead to the greatest profit.

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Progressivism

Progressivism is the support for or advocacy of improvement of society by reform.

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Progressivism in the United States

Progressivism in the United States is a broadly based reform movement that reached its height early in the 20th century and is generally considered to be middle class and reformist in nature.

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Prohibition of drugs

The prohibition of drugs through sumptuary legislation or religious law is a common means of attempting to prevent the recreational use of certain harmful drugs and other intoxicating substances.

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Property Services Agency

The Property Services Agency (PSA) was an agency of the United Kingdom government, in existence from 1972 to 1993.

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Proposed acquisition of Tribune Media by Sinclair Broadcast Group

The proposed acquisition of Tribune Media by Sinclair Broadcast Group would see Hunt Valley, Maryland-based Sinclair Broadcast Group acquire Chicago-based Tribune Media, a deal which was officially announced on May 8, 2017, after months of speculation.

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Prosper de Mestre

Jean Charles Prosper de Mestre (15 August 1789– 14 September 1844), known as Prosper de Mestre, was a French-born prominent businessman in Sydney from 1818 until near his death in 1844.

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Protest

A protest (also called a remonstrance, remonstration or demonstration) is an expression of bearing witness on behalf of an express cause by words or actions with regard to particular events, policies or situations.

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Proto-globalization

Proto-globalization or early modern globalization is a period of the history of globalization roughly spanning the years between 1600 and 1800, following the period of archaic globalization.

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Protofeminism

Protofeminism is a philosophical tradition that anticipates modern feminism in an era when the concept of feminism was still unknown, i.e. before the 20th century.

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Provo West Co-op

The Provo West Cooperative Mercantile Institution is a historic building located in Provo, Utah.

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Prussian Academy of Sciences

The Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften) was an academy established in Berlin, Germany on 11 July 1700, four years after the Akademie der Künste, or "Arts Academy," to which "Berlin Academy" may also refer.

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Prussian Reform Movement (1806–1815)

The Prussian Reform Movement was a series of constitutional, administrative, social and economic reforms early in the nineteenth-century Kingdom of Prussia.

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Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacji Samochodowej

Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacji Samochodowej (commonly abbreviated PKS, can be translated as Motor Transport Company) is a major Polish enterprise dealing with inter-city public transport using coaches.

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Psystar Corporation

Psystar Corporation was a company based in Miami, Florida, owned by Rudy and Robert Pedraza which sold "Open Computers".

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PTAT-1

PTAT-1 was the first privately financed transatlantic fibre optic telecommunications cable, which was completed in 1989, at a cost of US$400 million.

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Public good

In economics, a public good is a good that is both non-excludable and non-rivalrous in that individuals cannot be effectively excluded from use and where use by one individual does not reduce availability to others.

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Public health insurance option

The public health insurance option, also known as the public insurance option or the public option, is a proposal to create a government-run health insurance agency that would compete with other private health insurance companies within the United States.

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Public service obligation

In the context of European Union law, a public service obligation or PSO means an obligation imposed on an organisation by legislation or contract to provide a service of general interest within the European Union territories.

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Public-access television

Public-access television is traditionally a form of non-commercial mass media where the general public can create content television programming which is narrowcast through cable TV specialty channels.

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Pugets Sound Agricultural Company

The Puget Sound Agricultural Company (PSAC), with common variations of the name including Puget Sound or Puget's Sound, was a subsidiary joint stock company formed in 1840 by the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC).

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Pye Ltd.

Pye Ltd. was an electronics company founded in Cambridge, England, now wholly owned by Philips.

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Qatar Primary Materials Company

Qatar Primary Materials Company (QPMC) (Arabic: الأولية للمواد قطر شركة), is a Qatari company that specializes in establishing and developing sources of raw materials, focuses on the efficiencies of material handling operations, and provides a strategic reserve of primary materials.

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Quai d'Orsay (cigar)

Quai d'Orsay is the name of a premium cigar brand, produced on the island of Cuba for Habanos SA.

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Quantum of Solace

Quantum of Solace is a 2008 British spy film, the twenty-second in the ''James Bond'' series produced by Eon Productions, directed by Marc Forster and written by Paul Haggis, Neal Purvis and Robert Wade.

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Quatermass II

Quatermass II is a British science-fiction serial, originally broadcast by BBC Television in the autumn of 1955.

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Queensland Competition Authority

The Queensland Competition Authority (QCA), an independent statutory authority that was established by the Queensland Government in 1997, promotes competition as the basis for enhancing efficiency and growth in the Queensland economy.

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Quinto real

The quinto real or the quinto del rey, the "King's fifth", was a 20% tax established in 1504 that Spain levied on the mining of precious metals.

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RAC–HBC Agreement

The RAC–HBC Agreement was a series of protocols signed by the Russian-American Company (RAC) and the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) in 1839.

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Rachel Lowe

Rachel Tanya Lowe MBE (born 1977) is an English board games developer and creator of fashion brand She Who Dares.

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Radio in the United States

Radio broadcasting in the United States is a major mass medium.

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Radio network

There are two types of radio networks currently in use around the world: the one-to-many broadcast network commonly used for public information and mass media entertainment; and the two-way radio type used more commonly for public safety and public services such as police, fire, taxicabs, and delivery services.

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Rafael Trujillo

Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina (24 October 1891 – 30 May 1961), nicknamed El Jefe (The Chief or The Boss), was a Dominican politician, soldier and dictator, who ruled the Dominican Republic from February 1930 until his assassination in May 1961.

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Rail transportation in the United States

Rail transportation in the United States consists primarily of freight shipments, while passenger service, once a large and vital part of the nation's passenger transportation network, plays a limited role as compared to transportation patterns in many other countries.

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Ramsey problem

The Ramsey problem, or Ramsey–Boiteux pricing, is a Second best policy problem concerning what price a public monopolist or a firm faced with an irremovable revenue constraint should set, in order to maximize social welfare.

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Rate contract

A Rate Contract or a Rate Agreement (RC in short) is a procurement cost reduction strategy aimed at standardizing procurement prices for commonly procured, homogenous and price varying inputs.

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Rate of return pricing

Target rate of return pricing is a pricing method used almost exclusively by market leaders or monopolists.

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Raymond Washington

Raymond Lee Washington (August 14, 1953 – August 9, 1979) was an American gangster, known as the founder of the Crips gang in Los Angeles, California.

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RÚV

Ríkisútvarpið (RÚV) (pronounced or) ('The Icelandic National Broadcasting Service') is Iceland's national public-service broadcasting organization.

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Rúgbrauð

Rúgbrauð is an Icelandic straight rye bread.

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RBS TV

RBS TV is a Southern Brazilian television network owned by Grupo RBS, and one of the oldest affiliates to Rede Globo.

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Reading Company

The Reading Company was a company that was involved in the railroad industry in southeast Pennsylvania and neighboring states from 1924 until 1976.

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Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing

Reasonable and non-discriminatory (RAND) terms, also known as fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (FRAND) terms, denote a voluntary licensing commitment that standards organizations often request from the owner of an intellectual property right (usually a patent) that is, or may become, essential to practice a technical standard.

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Recology

Recology is an integrated resource recovery company headquartered in San Francisco, California.

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Red Line Agreement

The Red Line Agreement is an agreement signed by partners in the Turkish Petroleum Company (TPC) on July 31, 1928.

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Redcliffe Partners

Redcliffe Partners LLC is an Ukrainian law firm that provides a range of legal services to large national enterprises, international companies, financial institutions and private investors who are conducting business or investment activities in Ukraine.

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Reforms of Russian orthography

The reform of Russian orthography refers to official and unofficial changes made to the Russian alphabet over the course of the history of the Russian language, and in particular those made between the 18th-20th centuries.

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Regality theory

Regality theory describes how war and other collective dangers have a profound influence on the psychological disposition of people, and how this in turn influences the structure and cultural values of a society.

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Regulating Act of 1773

The Regulating Act 1773 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain intended to overhaul the management of the East India Company's rule in India.

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Regulation

Regulation is an abstract concept of management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends.

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Regulatory economics

Regulatory economics is the economics of regulation.

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Reinfeldt Cabinet

The cabinet of Fredrik Reinfeldt was the cabinet of Sweden from 2006 to 2014.

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Religion in Seychelles

The 2002 government census estimated that the population of Seychelles is 82% Roman Catholic and 6% Anglican.

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Rene Anselmo

Reynold "Rene" Anselmo (January 14, 1926September 9, 1995) was a Boston native and World War II Marine Corps veteran who founded Univision.

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Rentier state

In political science and international relations theory, a rentier state is a state which derives all or a substantial portion of its national revenues from the rent of indigenous resources to external clients.

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Republic Bank

Republic Bank is a bank and financial service provider in Trinidad and Tobago and one of the largest in the Eastern Caribbean.

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Requirements contract

A requirements contract is a contract in which one party agrees to supply as much of a good or service as is required by the other party, and in exchange the other party expressly or implicitly promises that it will obtain its goods or services exclusively from the first party.

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Research program

A research program (UK: research programme) is a professional network of scientists conducting basic research.

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Reserved powers doctrine

The reserved powers doctrine was a principle used by the inaugural High Court of Australia in the interpretation of the Constitution of Australia, that emphasised the context of the Constitution, drawing on principles of federalism, what the Court saw as the compact between the newly formed Commonwealth and the former colonies, particularly the compromises that informed the text of the constitution.

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Revaz Lordkipanidze

Revaz Lordkipanidze (Georgian: რევაზ ლორთქიფანიძე, was born 1965, 7 Jan., Georgia) is economist https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Revaz_Lordkipanidze, politician (winner of the first local democratic election of Georgia in 1991, Batumi), doctor of sciences (economics, world economy and international economic relations), gold medalist of Georgian Ministry of Education) http://revaz-lordkipanidze.simplesite.com/423776594.

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Revco

Revco Discount Drug Stores (known simply as Revco or Revco, D.S.), once based in Twinsburg, Ohio, was a major drug store chain operating through the Ohio Valley, the Mid-Atlantic states, and the Southeastern United States.

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Revised Penal Code of the Philippines

The Revised Penal Code contains the general penal laws of the Philippines.

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Revolt of the Admirals

A Cold War incident known as the "Revolt of the Admirals" involved a number of retired and active-duty United States Navy admirals who publicly disagreed with President Harry S. Truman and Secretary of Defense Louis A. Johnson in their emphasis on strategic nuclear bombing executed by the United States Air Force as the primary means by which the nation and its interests were defended.

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Revolt of the Comuneros (New Granada)

The Revolt of the Comuneros was a popular uprising in the Viceroyalty of New Granada (now Colombia and parts of Venezuela) against the Spanish authorities from March through October 1781.

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Richard Drake

Richard Drake of Esher (1535 – 11 July 1603), was Equerry of the Stable and Groom of the Privy Chamber to Queen Elizabeth I. He also held office as a Member of Parliament and Justice of the Peace.

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Richard T. Ely

Richard Theodore Ely (April 13, 1854 – October 4, 1943) was an American economist, author, and leader of the Progressive movement who called for more government intervention in order to reform what they perceived as the injustices of capitalism, especially regarding factory conditions, compulsory education, child labor, and labor unions.

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Right-libertarianism

Right-libertarianism (or right-wing libertarianism) refers to libertarian political philosophies that advocate negative rights, natural law and a major reversal of the modern welfare state.

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Rival (sternwheeler)

Rival was a sternwheel steamboat that ran on the Willamette River between Oregon City and Portland, Oregon from 1860 to 1868.

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Robert Hall (economist)

Robert Ernest "Bob" Hall (born August 13, 1943) is an American economist and a Robert and Carole McNeil Senior Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution.

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Robert L. Moran

Robert Lawrence Moran (October 3, 1884 – August 19, 1954), was a Bronx politician who served as President of the Board of Aldermen of New York City from 1918 to 1920, filling a vacancy after Alfred E. Smith was elected Governor of New York.

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Rollerball (1975 film)

Rollerball is a 1975 science fiction sports film directed and produced by Norman Jewison.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila (Archidioecesis Manilensis; Arkidiyosesis ng Maynilà; Arquidiócesis de Manila) is the archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in Metro Manila, Philippines, encompassing the cities of Manila, Makati, San Juan, Pasay (except for Villamor Air Base and Newport City which is under the jurisdiction of the Military Ordinariate of the Philippines), and Mandaluyong.

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Ronald Coase

Ronald Harry Coase (29 December 1910 – 2 September 2013) was a British economist and author.

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Rooibos

Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), meaning "red bush"; is a broom-like member of the Fabaceae family of plants growing in South Africa's fynbos.

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Rothschild loans to the Holy See

Rothschild loans to the Holy See refers to a series of major financial loans arranged between the Rothschild family and the Holy See of the Catholic Church.

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Royal African Company

The Royal African Company (RAC) was an English mercantile (trading) company set up by the Stuart family and City of London merchants to trade along the west coast of Africa.

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Royal Almanac

The Royal Almanac is a French administrative directory founded in 1683 by the bookseller Laurent d'Houry, which appeared under this title from 1700 to 1792, and under other titles until 1919.

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Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland

The Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland (Institiúid Ríoga Ailtirí na hÉireann) founded in 1839, is the "competent authority for architects and professional body for Architecture in the Republic of Ireland." The RIAI’s purpose is "to uphold the highest standards in architecture and to provide impartial and authoritative advice and information in issues affecting architects, the built environment and society." The RIAI’s primary roles are in the areas of: Protecting the consumer; Promoting architecture; Supporting architects and architectural technologists; and Regulating architects.

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Royal Niger Company

The Royal Niger Company was a mercantile company chartered by the British government in the nineteenth century.

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Rudolf Hilferding

Rudolf Hilferding (10 August 1877 – 11 February 1941) was an Austrian-born Marxist economist, leading socialist theorist,International Institute of Social History, Rodolf Hilferding Papers.

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Rufus T. Bush

Rufus T. Bush (February 22, 1840 – September 15, 1890) was an American businessman, oil refining industrialist, and yachtsman.

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Rule of reason

The rule of reason is a legal doctrine used to interpret the Sherman Antitrust Act, one of the cornerstones of United States antitrust law.

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Russian America

Russian America (Русская Америка, Russkaya Amerika) was the name of the Russian colonial possessions in North America from 1733 to 1867.

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Russian exploration of the Pacific Northwest

The Russian Empire began its interest of the Pacific Northwest in the 18th century, initially curious if there was a land connection between the Eurasian and North American Continents.

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Russians (song)

"Russians" is a song by Sting, from his debut solo album, The Dream of the Blue Turtles, released in June 1985, and released as a single in November.

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Saša Radulović

Saša Radulović (Саша Радуловић, or; born 7 June 1965) is a Serbian engineer, economist and politician.

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SABAM

SABAM is one of the Belgian associations of authors, composers and publishers.

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Safety syringe

Safety syringes have a safety mechanism built into the syringe.

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Saga Television Station

Saga Television Station (株式会社サガテレビ), branded since 2015 as Saga TV, is the only commercial television station broadcasting to Saga.

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Said Gafurov

Gafurov (Gafourov), Said Zakirovich (born 1967) is a Russian economist, sociologist, orientalist, politician, bureaucrat and opera critic.

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Saint-Gobain

Saint-Gobain S.A. is a French multinational corporation, founded in 1665 in Paris and headquartered on the outskirts of Paris, at La Défense and in Courbevoie.

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Salter Report

The Salter Report was named after Arthur Salter, who chaired an influential conference of road and rail experts in 1932 which reported in 1933.

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Sam's Warehouse

Sam's Warehouse was an Australian brand of discount retail stores, similar to Crazy Clark's.

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Samuel D. Ingham

Samuel Delucenna Ingham (September 16, 1779 – June 5, 1860) was a US Representative and then, under President Andrew Jackson, US Treasury Secretary.

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Samuel Insull

Samuel Insull (November 11, 1859 – July 16, 1938) was a British-born American business magnate; an innovator and investor based in Chicago who greatly contributed to creating an integrated electrical infrastructure in the United States.

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Samuel Irving Newhouse Sr.

Samuel Irving Newhouse Sr. (born Solomon Isadore Neuhaus; May 24, 1895 – August 29, 1979) was an American broadcasting businessman, magazine and newspaper publisher.

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Samuel Touchet

Samuel Touchet (ca. 1705 – 28 May 1773) was an English cotton merchant, manufacturer and politician.

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Sanborn Maps

Sanborn Maps was a publisher of detailed maps of U.S. cities and towns in the 19th and 20th centuries.

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Santa Catarina (ship)

Santa Catarina was a Portuguese merchant ship, a 1500-ton carrack, that was seized by the Dutch East India Company (also known as V.O.C) during February 1603 off Singapore.

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Santa Fe Ring

The Santa Fe Ring was a group of powerful attorneys and land speculators in the United States during the late 19th century and into the early 20th century.

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Saudi Electricity Company

Saudi Electricity Company (الشركة السعودية للكهرباء; SEC) is a Saudi electric utility company.

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Scania Party

Skånepartiet ("the Scania party") is a separatist, right-wing populist, anti-immigration political party in the Swedish province of Scania, established in 1979.

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Scarcity

Scarcity refers to the limited availability of a commodity, which may be in demand in the market.

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School of Salamanca

The School of Salamanca (Escuela de Salamanca) is the Renaissance of thought in diverse intellectual areas by Spanish and Portuguese theologians, rooted in the intellectual and pedagogical work of Francisco de Vitoria.

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Schuylkill Canal

Schuylkill Canal is the common, but technically inaccurate, name for the Schuylkill Navigation, a 19th-century commercial waterway in and along the Schuylkill River in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.

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Second Bill of Rights

The Second Bill of Rights is a list of rights that was proposed by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt during his State of the Union Address on Tuesday, January 11, 1944.

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Second Malaysia Plan

The Second Malaysia Plan (Malay: Rancangan Malaysia Kedua) was an economic development plan introduced by the government of Malaysia with the goal of implementing the Malaysian New Economic Policy (NEP).

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Secrecy

Secrecy (also called clandestinity or furtiveness) is the practice of hiding information from certain individuals or groups who do not have the "need to know", perhaps while sharing it with other individuals.

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SEITA

SEITA (Société d'exploitation industrielle des tabacs et des allumettes), was the former French state-owned tobacco monopoly.

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Selig Polyscope Company

The Selig Polyscope Company is an American motion picture company that was founded in 1896 by William Selig in Chicago.

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Serfdom in Poland

Serfdom in Poland became the dominant form of relationship between peasants and nobility in the 17th century, and was a major feature of the economy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, although its origins can be traced back to the 12th century.

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Serge (fabric)

Serge is a type of twill fabric that has diagonal lines or ridges on both sides, made with a two-up, two-down weave.

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Serials crisis

The term serials crisis has become a common shorthand to describe the chronic subscription cost increases of many serial publications such as scholarly journals.

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Serjeant Painter

The Serjeant Painter was an honorable and lucrative position with the British monarchy.

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Servando Bayo

Servando Bayo (October 27, 1822 – May 18, 1884) was an Argentine politician who served as the National Autonomist Party governor of the province of Santa Fe from April 7, 1874, to April 7, 1878.

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Setúbal DOC

Moscatel de Setúbal is a Portuguese wine produced around the Setúbal Municipality on the Península de Setúbal.

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Seven Sisters (oil companies)

"Seven Sisters" was a common term for the seven multinational oil companies of the "Consortium for Iran" oligopoly or cartel, which dominated the global petroleum industry from the mid-1940s to the mid-1970s.

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Sexual swelling

Sexual swellings are enlarged areas of the perineal skin occurring in some female primates that vary in size over the course of the menstrual cycle.

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Shareholders' agreement

A shareholders' agreement (sometimes referred to in the U.S. as a stockholders' agreement) (SHA) is an agreement amongst the shareholders or members of a company.

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Sharpe's Havoc

Sharpe's Havoc: Richard Sharpe and the Battle of Oporto is the seventh historical novel in the Richard Sharpe series by Bernard Cornwell, first published in 2003.

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Sheet music

Sheet music is a handwritten or printed form of music notation that uses modern musical symbols to indicate the pitches (melodies), rhythms or chords of a song or instrumental musical piece.

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Sherman Antitrust Act

The Sherman Antitrust Act (Sherman Act) is a landmark federal statute in the history of United States antitrust law (or "competition law") passed by Congress in 1890 under the presidency of Benjamin Harrison.

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SHFL entertainment

SHFL entertainment, Inc. (previously named Shuffle Master) was a manufacturer of shuffling machines, table games, slot machines, and other casino products, based in Paradise, Nevada.

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Shoe polish

Shoe polish (or boot polish) is a waxy paste, cream, or liquid used to polish, shine, and waterproof leather shoes or boots to extend the footwear's life, and restore, maintain and improve their appearance.

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Sholes and Glidden typewriter

The Sholes and Glidden typewriter (also known as the Remington No. 1) was the first commercially successful typewriter.

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Show TV

Show TV is a nationwide television channel in Turkey owned by Ciner Media Group (since 2013, acquired from Çukurova Media Group after Çukurova was forced to sell due to tax debts. The channel was originally established by the Turkish businessmen Erol Aksoy and Haldun Simavi and were originally launched on March 1, 1991, although it commences its test transmissions. A year later, the channel moved its headquarters to Istanbul, Turkey, and were at the same time starting its official broadcasts. Show TV extended its range of viewers by adding more channels like Show Max and Show Turk to its group. Show TV aired many world-known series for the first time in Turkey. Among them were S.W.A.T., The Master, The Rookies, Silk Stalkings, T. J. Hooker, Booker, Roseanne, The Wonder Years, Superboy, Tequila and Bonetti, Doogie Howser, M.D., The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Dream On, Generations, The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, Seinfeld, In the Heat of the Night, Friends, Beverly Hills, 90210, Power Rangers and Premiers Baisers. Furthermore, it re-aired some television series like Fame, Charlie's Angels, The Twilight Zone and Dallas, which were very popular during the monopolistic era of TRT in Turkey. The channel's personalities include Mustafa Ceceli, Begüm, Alişan, Asuman Krause, Ali Sunal, Jülide Ateş and Çağla Şikel. The channel also aired successful Turkish television series like Kurtlar Vadisi, Doktorlar, Adını Feriha Koydum, and Muhteşem Yüzyıl.

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Siemens scandal

of January 1914 was one of several spectacular political scandals of late Meiji and Taishō period Japanese politics, leading to the fall of the cabinet of Yamamoto Gonnohyoe.

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Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa.

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Silent film

A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound (and in particular, no spoken dialogue).

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Silk

Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles.

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Single desk

A single desk is a monopoly marketer and buyer of a product with multiple suppliers.

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Sinhalese–Portuguese War

The Sinhalese–Portuguese War was a series of conflicts waged from 1527 to 1658 between the indigenous Sinhalese kingdoms of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and their allies against the Portuguese Empire.

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Small but significant and non-transitory increase in price

In competition law, before deciding whether companies have significant market power which would justify government intervention, the test of small but significant and non-transitory increase in price (SSNIP) is used to define the relevant market in a consistent way.

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Smart market

A smart market is a periodic auction which is cleared by the operations research technique of mathematical optimization, such as linear programming.

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Smedmore House

Smedmore House is a country house near Kimmeridge, Dorset, in England.

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Smoking in China

Smoking in China is prevalent, as the People's Republic of China is the world's largest consumer and producer of tobacco: there are 350 million Chinese smokers, and China produces 42% of the world's cigarettes.

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Smoking in Japan

Smoking in Japan, though historically less restricted by law than in many other nations, has significantly changed in recent years.

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Snuff (tobacco)

Snuff is a smokeless tobacco made from ground or pulverised tobacco leaves.

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Social criticism

The term social criticism often refers to a mode of criticism that locates the reasons for malicious conditions in a society considered to be in a flawed social structure.

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Social media as a public utility

Social media as a public utility is a theory which argues that social networking sites (such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Google+, Google Search and Twitter, etc.) are essential public services that should be regulated by the government, in a manner similar to the way electrical and phone utilities are typically government-regulated.

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Social peer-to-peer processes

Social peer-to-peer processes are interactions with a peer-to-peer dynamic.

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Société Nationale d'Investissement

Société Nationale d'Investissement (SNI) or National Investment Company, is a large private Moroccan holding company mainly owned by the Moroccan royal family.

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Son of Sardaar

Son of Sardaar, also known by the abbreviation SOS, is a 2012 Bollywood action comedy film directed by Ashwni Dhir.

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Sonas

Sonas (French: Société nationale d'assurances) is a public sector insurance company of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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Song dynasty

The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.

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Song Yingxing

Song Yingxing (Traditional Chinese: 宋應星; Simplified Chinese: 宋应星; Wade Giles: Sung Ying-Hsing; 1587-1666 AD) was a Chinese scientist and encyclopedist who lived during the late Ming Dynasty (1368–1644).

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Sosthenes Behn

Sosthenes Behn (January 30, 1884 – June 6, 1957) was an American businessman widely known for founding ITT.

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Source Cable

Source Cable (formerly known as Southmount Cable Limited) is one of three main cable television service providers for the city of Hamilton, Ontario.

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South Carolina Dispensary

The South Carolina Dispensary system was a state-run monopoly on liquor sales in the United States state of South Carolina which operated from 1893 to 1907 statewide and until 1916 in some counties.

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Southwest Effect

The Southwest Effect is the increase in airline travel originating from a community after service to and from that community is inaugurated by Southwest Airlines or another airline that improves service or lowers cost.

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Sovereigns of Industry

The Order of the Sovereigns of Industry, established in 1874, was an American mutualist movement targeted at urban workers which attempted to end perceived social ills through the establishment of consumer cooperatives.

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SovRom

The SovRoms (plural of SovRom) were economic enterprises established in Romania following the Communist takeover at the end of World War II, in place until 1954–1956 (when they were dissolved by the Romanian authorities).

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Space launch market competition

The space launch services business began in the 1950s with national programs.

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Space: Above and Beyond

Space: Above and Beyond is an American science fiction television show on the FOX Network, created and written by Glen Morgan and James Wong.

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Spaced Out

Spaced Out (known in French as Allô la Terre, ici les Martin) is an animated series, co-produced by Alphanim, Tooncan and Cartoon Network Europe, in association with several other companies and television networks.

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Spacing Guild

The Spacing Guild is an organization in Frank Herbert's science fiction ''Dune'' universe.

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Spanish treasure fleet

The Spanish treasure fleet, or West Indies Fleet from Spanish Flota de Indias, also called silver fleet or plate fleet (from the Spanish plata meaning "silver"), was a convoy system adopted by the Spanish Empire from 1566 to 1790, linking Spain with its territories in America across the Atlantic.

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Spar (retailer)

Spar, trademarked as SPAR, is an international group of independently owned and operated retailers and wholesalers who work together in partnership under the Spar brand and franchise brand with approximately 12,500 shops in 42 countries worldwide.

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Spark New Zealand

Spark New Zealand (formerly Telecom New Zealand) is a New Zealand telecommunications company providing fixed line telephone services, a mobile network, an internet service provider, and a major ICT provider to NZ businesses (through its Spark Digital division).

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Speed dating

Speed dating is a formalized matchmaking process whose purpose is to encourage eligible singles to meet large numbers of new potential partners in a very short period of time.

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Spendrups

Spendrups Bryggeri AB is a Swedish brewery founded in 1897 as Grängesbergs Bryggeri AB.

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Sponsored mobility

Sponsored mobility refers to a system of social mobility where elite individuals in society select (either directly or through agents) recruits to induct into high status groups.

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Squatters' riot

The Squatters' riot was an uprising and conflict that took place between squatting settlers and the government of Sacramento, California (then an unorganized territory annexed after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo) in August 1850 concerning the lands that John Sutter controlled in the region and the extremely high prices that speculators set for land that they had acquired from Sutter.

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Sri Lanka Insurance

Sri Lanka Insurance Corporation Limited, also known as Sri Lanka Insurance is the largest and strongest composite insurance provider in Sri Lanka.

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SS Milwaukee Clipper

SS Milwaukee Clipper, also known as SS Clipper, and formerly as SS Juniata, is a retired passenger ship and automobile ferry that sailed under two configurations and traveled on all of the Great Lakes except Lake Ontario.

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Stackelberg competition

The Stackelberg leadership model is a strategic game in economics in which the leader firm moves first and then the follower firms move sequentially.

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Standard ML of New Jersey

Standard ML of New Jersey (SML/NJ; Standard Meta-Language of New Jersey) is a compiler and programming environment for the Standard ML programming language.

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Standard Oil

Standard Oil Co.

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Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States

Standard Oil Co.

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Standard Oil of Kentucky

The Standard Oil Company of Kentucky or Kyso was an oil company and gasoline distributor that operated in the southeastern United States from 1886 until it was acquired by Chevron Oil Company in 1960.

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Stannary

The word stannary is historically applied to.

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State (polity)

A state is a compulsory political organization with a centralized government that maintains a monopoly of the legitimate use of force within a certain geographical territory.

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State capitalism

State capitalism is an economic system in which the state undertakes commercial (i.e. for-profit) economic activity and where the means of production are organized and managed as state-owned business enterprises (including the processes of capital accumulation, wage labor and centralized management), or where there is otherwise a dominance of corporatized government agencies (agencies organized along business-management practices) or of publicly listed corporations in which the state has controlling shares.

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State monopoly

In economics, a government monopoly (or public monopoly) is a form of coercive monopoly in which a government agency or government corporation is the sole provider of a particular good or service and competition is prohibited by law.

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State monopoly capitalism

The theory of state monopoly capitalism (also referred as stamocap) was initially a Marxist doctrine popularised after World War II.

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State of Play (film)

State of Play is a 2009 political thriller film, based on the six-part British television serial of the same name which first aired on BBC One in 2003.

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State ownership

State ownership (also called public ownership and government ownership) is the ownership of an industry, asset, or enterprise by the state or a public body representing a community as opposed to an individual or private party.

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Statutory law

Statutory law or statute law is written law set down by a body of legislature or by a singular legislator (in the case of absolute monarchy).

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Steady-state economy

A steady-state economy is an economy consisting of a constant stock of physical wealth (capital) and a constant population size.

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Steam (software)

Steam is a digital distribution platform developed by Valve Corporation, which offers digital rights management (DRM), multiplayer gaming, video streaming and social networking services.

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Steel Dawn

Steel Dawn is a 1987 American post-apocalyptic science fiction action film that mixes the genres of science fiction and western.

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Stella Martin Manyanya

Stella Martin Manyanya (born 4 August 1962) is a Tanzanian CCM politician and Member of Parliament for Nyasa constituency since 2010.

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Stella Street

Stella Street is a British television comedy programme, originally screened in four series on BBC Two between 1997 and 2001.

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Stephen D. Dillaye

Stephen Devalson Dillaye (August 31, 1820 – October 3, 1884) was an American lawyer, author, and politician.

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Steve Ballmer

Steven Anthony Ballmer (born March 24, 1956) is an American businessman, investor and philanthropist who was the chief executive officer of Microsoft from January 2000 to February 2014, and is the current owner of the Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

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Steve Berman (lawyer)

Steve Berman is an American plaintiff's lawyer who founded and is Managing Partner of Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro, a 76-attorney (as of June, 2007) law firm based in Seattle, Washington.

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Stillman Witt

Stillman Witt (January 4, 1808 — April 29, 1875) was an American railroad and steel industry executive best known for building the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad, Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula Railroad, and the Bellefontaine and Indiana Railroad.

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Stock

The stock (also capital stock) of a corporation is constituted of the equity stock of its owners.

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StormPay

StormPay of TN was an electronic money auction payment processor run by Stormpay Incorporated, a Clarksville, Tennessee, United States company founded in October 2002 by John R. McConnell, Jr.

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Strategic entry deterrence

In business, strategic entry deterrence refers to any action taken by an existing business in a particular market that discourages potential entrants from entering into competition in that market.

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Student welfare organisation

Student Welfare Organisation (Studentsamskipnad) is a legal entity responsible for the welfare of students of universities, university colleges, scientific universities and other colleges in Norway.

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Su Shi

Su Shi (8January103724August1101), also known as Su Dongpo, was a Chinese writer, poet, painter, calligrapher, pharmacologist, gastronome, and a statesman of the Song dynasty.

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Subu people

The Isubu (Isuwu, Bimbians) are an ethnic group who inhabit part of the coast of Cameroon.

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Suburban Express

Suburban Express is a bus service that provides transport services to students at six universities in the American Midwest, primarily to and from the Chicago area.

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Sudono Salim

Sudono Salim (16 July 1916 – 10 June 2012), also known as Liem Sioe Liong, was an Indonesian Chinese businessman of Fuzhou origin.

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Sufficiency of disclosure

Sufficiency of disclosure or enablement is a patent law requirement according to which a patent application must disclose a claimed invention in sufficient detail for the notional person skilled in the art to carry out that claimed invention.

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Sugoroku

(literally 'double six') refers to two different forms of a Japanese board game: ban-sugoroku (盤双六, 'board-sugoroku') which is similar to western backgammon, and e-sugoroku (絵双六, 'picture-sugoroku') which is similar to western Snakes and Ladders.

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Supply (economics)

In economics, supply is the amount of something that firms, consumers, labourers, providers of financial assets, or other economic agents are willing to provide to the marketplace.

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Supremacy (1940 board game)

Supremacy is a World War II board wargame published in c.1940.

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Surveillance capitalism

Surveillance capitalism is a term first introduced by John Bellamy Foster and Robert W. McChesney in Monthly Review in 2014 and later popularized by academic Shoshana Zuboff that denotes a new genus of capitalism that monetizes data acquired through surveillance.

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Sutler

A sutler or victualer is a civilian merchant who sells provisions to an army in the field, in camp, or in quarters.

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Swiss referendums, 1997

Five referendums were held in Switzerland during 1997.

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Swissair

Swissair AG/S.A. (German: Schweizerische Luftverkehr-AG; French: S.A. Suisse pour la Navigation Aérienne) was the national airline of Switzerland between its founding in 1931 and bankruptcy in 2002.

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Swisscom

Swisscom AG is a major telecommunications provider in Switzerland.

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Switching barriers

Switching barriers or switching costs are terms used in microeconomics, strategic management, and marketing to describe any impediment to a customer's changing of suppliers (customer switching).

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Sydney Hospital

Sydney Hospital is a major hospital in Australia, located on Macquarie Street in the Sydney central business district.

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Symbister

Symbister is the largest village and port on the island of Whalsay, Shetland.

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Szlachta privileges

The privileges of the szlachta (Poland's nobility) formed a cornerstone of "Golden Liberty" in the Kingdom of Poland and, later, in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Tabacalera

Tabacalera, formerly the Compañía Arrendataria de Tabacos, was a Spanish tobacco monopoly whose origins date back to 1636, making it the oldest tobacco company in the world.

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Tacit collusion

Tacit collusion occurs where firms undergo actions that are likely to minimize a response from another firm, e.g. avoiding the opportunity to price cut an opposition.

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Tadoussac

Tadoussac is a village in Quebec, Canada, at the confluence of the Saguenay and Saint Lawrence rivers.

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Taiwan Power Company

The Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) is a state-owned electric power industry providing electricity to Taiwan and off-shore islands of the Republic of China.

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Talk Radio Network

Talk Radio Network (TRN) was an independent radio producer and syndicator of news and talk radio programming headquartered in Central Point, Oregon.

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TAM Media Research

TAM Media Research is a joint venture company between AC Nielsen and Kantar Media Research/IMRB.

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Tambour (company)

Tambour (טמבור) is an Israeli company engaged in the manufacture of paint, coatings and advanced construction materials.

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Tarim, Yemen

Tarim (تريم tarīm) is a historic town situated in the Hadhramaut Valley of South Yemen, South Arabia.

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Tasco

Tasco (also known as Tasco Worldwide) is a major distributor of consumer telescopes worldwide.

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Taxicabs by country

Taxicabs in a single country often share a set of common properties, but there is a wide variation from country to country in the vehicles used, the circumstances under which they may be hired and the regulatory regime to which these are subject.

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Taxis in India

Cars such as Toyota Etios, Maruti Omni, Mahindra Logan, Tata Indica and Tata Indigo are fairly popular among taxicab operators.

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Télam

Télam is the Argentine national news agency founded in 1945.

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Tønsberg

Tønsberg is a city and municipality in Vestfold county, southern Norway, located around south-southwest of Oslo on the western coast of the Oslofjord near its mouth onto the Skagerrak.

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Technological and industrial history of the United States

The technological and industrial history of the United States describes the United States' emergence as one of the most technologically advanced nations in the world.

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Tekel

Tekel, (Turkish, literally single-hand or monopoly and generally capitalised as TEKEL) was a Turkish tobacco and alcoholic beverages company.

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TeleBarbados

TeleBarbados Inc. is a recent start-up telecommunications company in the country of Barbados gradually gaining a reputation for malicious phishing activity from their association with the Freemotion webmail domains accessible via mail.free.bb.

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Telecanal

Telecanal is a private owned TV channel of Chile.

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Telecommunications in Bahrain

Telecommunications in Bahrain officially began in 1981 when the Bahraini government founded the Bahrain Telecommunications Company.

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Telecommunications in East Timor

Following Indonesia's withdrawal from East Timor in 1999, the telecommunications infrastructure was destroyed in the ensuing violence, and Telkom Indonesia ceased to provide services.

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Telecommunications in Lebanon

This article concerns the systems of communication in Lebanon.

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Telecommunications in Pakistan

Telecommunications in Pakistan describes the overall environment for the growing mobile telecommunications, telephone, and Internet markets in Pakistan.

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Telecommunications in South Africa

Telecommunications infrastructure in South Africa provides modern and efficient service to urban areas, including cellular and internet services.

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Telecommunications in the British Virgin Islands

Country Code: +1284 International Call Prefix: 011 (outside NANP) Calls from the British Virgin Islands to the US, Canada, and other NANP Caribbean nations, are dialled as 1 + NANP area code + 7-digit number.

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Telecommunications in the United Arab Emirates

Telecommunications in the United Arab Emirates is under the control and supervision of the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) which was established under UAE Federal Law by Decree No.

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Telecommunications in the United Kingdom

Telecommunications in the United Kingdom have evolved from the early days of the telegraph to modern broadband and mobile phone networks with Internet services.

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Telecommunications in Turkey

Telecommunications in Turkey provides information about television, radio, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet in Turkey.

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Telecommunications in Ukraine

Telecommunications is one of the most modern, diverse and fast-growing sectors in the economy of Ukraine.

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Telecommunications industry in China

The telecommunications industry in China is dominated by three state-run businesses: China Telecom, China Unicom and China Mobile.

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Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago

Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago Limited (generally known as TSTT) is a large telephone and Internet service provider in Trinidad and Tobago.

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Telefônica Brasil

Telefônica Brasil trading as Vivo at the consumer level, and as Telefônica Vivo at the corporate level, is a Brazilian telecommunications group, subsidiary of Spanish Telefónica.

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Telenor

Telenor ASA is a Norwegian multinational telecommunications company headquartered at Fornebu in Bærum, close to Oslo.

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Telephone company

A telephone company, also known as a telco, telephone service provider, or telecommunications operator, is a kind of communications service provider (CSP) (more precisely a telecommunications service provider or TSP) that provides telecommunications services such as telephony and data communications access.

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Television in Indonesia

State-run station TVRI held a television monopoly in Indonesia until 1989, when the first commercial station, RCTI (Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia) began as a local station and was subsequently granted a national license a year later.

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Telia Company

Telia Company AB is a Swedish dominant telephone company and mobile network operator present in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark and Baltic States.

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Telmex

Telmex is a Mexican telecommunications company headquartered in Mexico City that provides telecommunications products and services in Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Brazil (Embratel), Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela and other countries in Latin America.

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Telok Blangah

Telok Blangah (தேலோக் பிளாங்கா) is a subzone region and housing estate located in Bukit Merah, Singapore.

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Tesco Town

Tesco Town is British slang for an area where one retailer has large market share.

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Tesla (Czechoslovak company)

TESLA (originally named after Nikola Tesla, later explained as abbreviation from "TEchnika SLAboproudá", which means "low-voltage technology") was a large, state-owned electrotechnical conglomerate in the former Czechoslovakia.

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Thale

Thale is a town in the Harz district in Saxony-Anhalt in central Germany.

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The Baseball Network

The Baseball Network was a short-lived television broadcasting joint venture between ABC, NBC and Major League Baseball.

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The Beer Store

Brewers Retail Inc. (doing business as The Beer Store), is a Canadian privately owned chain of retail outlets selling beer and other malt beverages in the province of Ontario, Canada, founded in 1927.

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The Big Money

"The Big Money" is a song by Canadian rock band Rush, originally released on their 1985 album Power Windows.

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The Dilbert Future

The Dilbert Future (1997) is a book published by Scott Adams as a satire of humanity that breaks the net motivations of humanity down into stupidity, selfishness, and "horniness", and presents various ideas for profiting from human nature.

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The General Idea of the Revolution in the Nineteenth Century

The General Idea of the Revolution in the Nineteenth Century (Idée générale de la révolution au XIXe siècle) is an influential manifesto written in 1851 by the anarchist philosopher Pierre-Joseph Proudhon.

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The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company

The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, better known as A&P, was an American chain of grocery stores that ceased supermarket operations in November 2015, after 156 years in business.

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The Great Lakes Group

The Great Lakes Group (GLG) is an American full-service marine-related transportation company headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio.

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The History of British India

The History of British India is a history of the British Raj by the 19th century British historian and imperial political theorist James Mill.

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The History of the Standard Oil Company

The History of the Standard Oil Company is a 1904 book by journalist Ida Tarbell.

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The Indian Nation

The Indian Nation was an independent nationalist daily newspaper published by Newspaper & Publications Pvt.

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The Iron Heel

The Iron Heel is a dystopian novel by American writer Jack London, first published in 1908.

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The Movie Network

The Movie Network (sometimes abbreviated TMN) is a Canadian English language Category A premium cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Bell Media.

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The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics

The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (2008), 2nd ed., is an eight-volume reference work on economics, edited by Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume and published by Palgrave Macmillan.

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The Night Riders

The Night Riders was the name given by the press to the militant faction of tobacco farmers during a popular resistance to the monopolistic practices of the American Tobacco Company of James B. Duke.

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The Northern Gateway

The Northern Gateway for antebellum trade was the primary trade route connecting the Midwestern United States with the Northeast and the Atlantic Ocean.

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The Quatermass Experiment

The Quatermass Experiment is a British science-fiction serial broadcast by BBC Television during the summer of 1953 and re-staged by BBC Four in 2005.

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The Silk Express

The Silk Express is a 1933 American pre-Code drama film directed by Ray Enright and written by Houston Branch and Ben Markson.

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The Sons of Great Bear

The Sons of Great Bear (Die Söhne der großen Bärin; literally, The Sons of the Great She-Bear) is a 1966 East German Western film, directed by the Czechoslovak filmmaker Josef Mach and starring the Yugoslav actor Gojko Mitić in the leading role of Tokei-ihto.

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The Transmutation of Ike Garuda

The Transmutation of Ike Garuda is a two-issue prestige format mini-series published by the Epic Comics imprint of Marvel Comics, with the first issue being released in 1991 and the second issue in 1992.

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The True Believer

The True Believer: Thoughts On The Nature Of Mass Movements is a 1951 social psychology book by American writer Eric Hoffer, in which the author discusses the psychological causes of fanaticism.

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The True Cost

The True Cost is a 2015 documentary film directed by Andrew Morgan that focuses on fast fashion.

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The Wayside (Henry Demarest Lloyd House)

The Wayside, also known as the Henry Demarest Lloyd House, is a historic house at 830 Sheridan Road in Winnetka, Illinois, United States.

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Theatrical constraints

Theatrical constraints are various rules, either of taste or of law, that govern the production, staging, and content of stage plays in the theater.

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Theory of religious economy

Religious economy refers to religious persons and organizations interacting within a market framework of competing groups and ideologies.

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Theory of the second best

In economics, the theory of the second best concerns the situation when one or more optimality conditions cannot be satisfied.

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Thimphu

Thimphu (ཐིམ་ཕུ; formerly spelled as Thimbu or Thimpu) is the capital and largest city of the Kingdom of Bhutan.

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Thin Chen Enterprise

Thin Chen Enterprise (full name Sheng Qian Enterprise Co., Ltd), also known as Sachen, was a Taiwanese company that developed several original games for the NES, Mega Drive, Game Boy and other early cartridge-based handheld systems such as the Watara Supervision and Mega Duck.

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Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley

Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley, (1540 – 15 March 1617), known as 1st Baron Ellesmere from 1603 to 1616, was an English nobleman, judge and statesman from the Egerton family who served as Lord Keeper and Lord Chancellor for twenty-one years.

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Thomas Graham Jackson

Sir Thomas Graham Jackson, 1st Baronet (21 December 1835 – 7 November 1924) was one of the most distinguished English architects of his generation.

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Thomas Mitchell Campbell

Thomas Mitchell Campbell (April 22, 1856April 1, 1923) was the 24th Governor of Texas, serving two terms from 1907 to 1911.

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Thomas S. McMurry

Thomas S. McMurry (1855–1918) was an American politician who served as the mayor of Denver, Colorado from 1895 to 1899.

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Thought of Thomas Aquinas

This article contains a selection of thoughts of Thomas Aquinas on various topics.

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Three-tier system (alcohol distribution)

The three-tier system of alcohol distribution is the system for distributing alcoholic beverages set up in the United States after the repeal of Prohibition.

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Thurn und Taxis

The Princely House of Thurn and Taxis (Fürstenhaus Thurn und Taxis) is a family of German nobility that is part of the Briefadel.

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Tiangong Kaiwu

The Tiangong Kaiwu (天工開物), or The Exploitation of the Works of Nature was a Chinese encyclopedia compiled by Song Yingxing.

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Ticketmaster

Ticketmaster Entertainment, Inc. is an American ticket sales and distribution company based in Beverly Hills, California, with operations in many countries around the world.

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Tied house

In the United Kingdom, a tied house is a public house required to buy at least some of its beer from a particular brewery or pub company.

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Timeline of Greenland

This page is a historical timeline of the island known as Greenland or Kalaallit Nunaat.

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Timeline of Icelandic history

This is a timeline of Icelandic history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Iceland and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of United States history

This is a timeline of United States history, comprising important legal and territorial changes as well as political, social, and economic events in the United States and its predecessor states.

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Tinning

Tinning is the process of thinly coating sheets of wrought iron or steel with tin, and the resulting product is known as tinplate.

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TNEB

Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (abbreviated as TNEB) is a power generation and distribution company owned by Government of Tamil Nadu.

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Tobacco Lords

The Tobacco Lords (or "Virginia Dons") were Glasgow merchants who in the 18th century made enormous fortunes by trading in tobacco from Great Britain's American Colonies.

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Tobacco Protest

The Persian Tobacco Protest (Persian: نهضت تنباکو nehzat-e tanbāku), was a Shi'a revolt in Iran against an 1890 tobacco concession granted by Nasir al-Din Shah of Persia to Great Britain.

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Token coin

In the study of numismatics, token coins or trade tokens are coin-like objects used instead of coins.

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Tomislav Karadžić

Tomislav "Tole" Karadžić (Томислав Толе Караџић; born 10 February 1939) is a Montenegrin Serb businessman and football administrator.

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Toolson v. New York Yankees, Inc.

Toolson v. New York Yankees,, is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld, 7–2, the antitrust exemption first granted to Major League Baseball (MLB) three decades earlier in Federal Baseball Club v. National League.

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Top Shop

Top Shop, known in Japan as (Tenantouŏ̄zu), is a video board game developed by KID for the PlayStation and Sega Saturn.

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Toplofikatsiya Sofia

Toplofikatsiya Sofia (Топлофикация София, literally "District Heating Sofia") is the district heating company in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria.

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Toronto School of communication theory

The Toronto School is a school of thought in communication theory and literary criticism, the principles of which were developed chiefly by scholars at the University of Toronto.

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Total revenue

Total revenue is the total receipts a seller can obtain from selling goods or service to buyers.

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Tour of Britain

The Tour of Britain, known as the Ovo Energy Tour of Britain for sponsorship purposes, is a multi-stage cycling race, conducted on British roads, in which participants race across Great Britain to complete the race in the fastest time.

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Trade

Trade involves the transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money.

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Trade secret

A trade secret is a formula, practice, process, design, instrument, pattern, commercial method, or compilation of information not generally known or reasonably ascertainable by others by which a business can obtain an economic advantage over competitors or customers.

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Trams in Prague

The Prague tramway network is the largest such network in the Czech Republic, consisting of of track, 931 trams, and 21 daytime routes and 9 night routes with a total route length of.

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Trams in Saint Petersburg

Trams in Saint Petersburg are a major mode of public transit in the city of Saint Petersburg, Russia.

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Transaction cost

In economics and related disciplines, a transaction cost is a cost in making any economic trade when participating in a market.

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Transhumanist politics

Transhumanist politics constitute a group of political ideologies that generally express the belief in improving human individuals through science and technology.

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Transport Act 1962

The Transport Act 1962 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Transport in Russia

The transport network of the Russian Federation is one of the world's most extensive transport networks.

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Transport in the Soviet Union

Transport in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was an important part of the nation's economy.

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Trasmediterránea

Trasmediterránea is a part of the Acciona group.

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Treaty of Balta Liman

The 1838 Treaty of Balta Limani, or the Anglo-Ottoman Treaty, is a formal trade agreement signed between the Sublime Porte of the Ottoman Empire and The United Kingdom.

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Trials and judicial hearings following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011

The trials and judicial hearings following the 2011 Egyptian Revolution were a series of legal moves to establish accountability among the various Egyptian government officials and prominent businessmen.

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Trillium Digital Systems

Trillium Digital Systems developed and licensed standards-based communications source code software to telecommunications equipment manufacturers for the wireless, broadband, Internet and telephone network infrastructure.

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Trinity Chain Pier

Trinity Chain Pier, originally called Trinity Pier of Suspension, was built in Trinity, Edinburgh, Scotland in 1821.

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Troaking

Troaking was the barter between the natives of Greenland and Scottish whalers.

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Trogir

Trogir (Tragurium; Traù; Ancient Greek: Τραγύριον, Tragyrion or Τραγούριον, Tragourion Trogkir) is a historic town and harbour on the Adriatic coast in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia, with a population of 10,818 (2011) and a total municipality population of 13,260 (2011).

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Trust (business)

A trust or corporate trust is a large grouping of business interests with significant market power, which may be embodied as a corporation or as a group of corporations that cooperate with one another in various ways.

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Trust company

A trust company is a corporation, especially a commercial bank, organized to perform the fiduciary of trusts and agencies.

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Tuesday Morning Quarterback

"Tuesday Morning Quarterback" is a column written by Gregg Easterbrook that started in 2000 and published every football season until temporarily stopping publication for the 2016 season.

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Tuition freeze

Tuition freeze is a government policy restricting the ability of administrators of post-secondary educational facilities (i.e. colleges and universities) to increase tuition fees for students.

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Turkish Radio and Television Corporation

The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation, also known as TRT (Turkish: Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu), is the national public broadcaster of Turkey and was founded in 1964.

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TVBully

TVBully refers to the monopolistic market dominance of free-to-air television in Hong Kong.

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Two-part tariff

A two-part tariff (TPT) is a pricing technique in which the price of a product or service is composed of two parts - a lump-sum fee as well as a per-unit charge.

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Types of socialism

Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.

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U.S. Bank Center (Milwaukee)

U.S. Bank Center is a skyscraper located in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin, noted for being the tallest building in the state of Wisconsin, and the tallest building between Chicago and Minneapolis.

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Ukrainian Aviation Group

The Ukrainian Aviation Group was a Ukrainian informal monopoly alliance of three airlines owned by Privat Group and led by Ihor Kolomoyskyi.

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Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainian SSR or UkrSSR or UkSSR; Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, Украї́нська РСР, УРСР; Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика, Украи́нская ССР, УССР; see "Name" section below), also known as the Soviet Ukraine, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from the Union's inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991. The republic was governed by the Communist Party of Ukraine as a unitary one-party socialist soviet republic. The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations, although it was legally represented by the All-Union state in its affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union. Upon the Soviet Union's dissolution and perestroika, the Ukrainian SSR was transformed into the modern nation-state and renamed itself to Ukraine. Throughout its 72-year history, the republic's borders changed many times, with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland, and the addition of Zakarpattia in 1946. From the start, the eastern city of Kharkiv served as the republic's capital. However, in 1934, the seat of government was subsequently moved to the city of Kiev, Ukraine's historic capital. Kiev remained the capital for the rest of the Ukrainian SSR's existence, and remained the capital of independent Ukraine after the breakup of the Soviet Union. Geographically, the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea, bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia, Byelorussia, and the Russian SFSR. The Ukrainian SSR's border with Czechoslovakia formed the Soviet Union's western-most border point. According to the Soviet Census of 1989 the republic had a population of 51,706,746 inhabitants, which fell sharply after the breakup of the Soviet Union. For most of its existence, it ranked second only to the Russian SFSR in population, economic and political power.

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Underemployment

Underemployment is the under-use of a worker due to a job that does not use the worker's skills, or is part time, or leaves the worker idle.

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Union de Transports Aériens

Union de Transports Aériens (UTA), formed in 1963 as a result of a merger between Union Aéromaritime de Transport (UAT) and Transports Aériens Intercontinentaux (TAI), was the largest wholly privately owned, independentindependent from government-owned corporations airline in France.

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Union violence

Union violence is violence committed by unions or union members during labor disputes.

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Union violence in the United States

On various occasions violence has been committed by unions or union members during labor disputes in the United States.

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United Kingdom company law

The United Kingdom company law regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act 2006.

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United Launch Alliance

United Launch Alliance (ULA) is a joint venture of Lockheed Martin Space Systems and Boeing Defense, Space & Security.

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United Shoe Machinery Corporation

United Shoe Machinery Corporation (sometimes abbreviated USMC) was a U.S.-based manufacturer of various industrial machinery, particularly for the shoe manufacturing industry (so is the corporate name) which at one time monopolized the American shoe machinery business, and an important federal government's defense contractor during the World War I, Interbellum years, World War II and the Cold war era, which developed and manufactured various land and aircraft armaments, as well as components for the military hardware made by other manufacturers.

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United States antitrust law

United States antitrust law is a collection of federal and state government laws that regulates the conduct and organization of business corporations, generally to promote fair competition for the benefit of consumers.

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United States Football League

The United States Football League (USFL) was an American football league that played for three seasons, 1983 through 1985.

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United States Football League on television

On May 24, 1982, the United States Football League (USFL) reached an agreement with ABC and ESPN on television rights.

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United States presidential election in Oregon, 1904

The 1904 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 8, 1904.

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United States presidential election in Washington (state), 1904

The 1904 United States presidential election in Washington took place on November 8, 1904.

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United States presidential election, 1904

The United States presidential election of 1904 was the 30th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1904.

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United States presidential election, 1940

The United States presidential election of 1940 was the 39th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 5, 1940.

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United States v. Alcoa

United States v. Alcoa, 148 F.2d 416 (2d Cir. 1945), is a landmark decision concerning United States antitrust law.

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United States v. International Boxing Club of New York, Inc.

United States v. International Boxing Club of New York, 348 U.S. 236 (1955), often referred to as International Boxing Club or just International Boxing, was an antitrust decision of the U.S. Supreme Court.

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United States v. Microsoft Corp.

United States v. Microsoft Corporation, 253 F.3d 34 (D.C. Cir. 2001), is a U.S. antitrust law case, ultimately settled by the Department of Justice (DOJ), in which Microsoft Corporation was accused of holding a monopoly and engaging in anti-competitive practices contrary to sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act.

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United States v. Syufy Enterprises

United States v. Syufy Enterprises, 903 F.2d 659 (9th Cir. 1990), was an antitrust case decided by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.

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Uranium One

Uranium One is a Russian-Canadian uranium mining company with headquarters in Toronto, Ontario.

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Uriah Smith Stephens

Uriah Smith Stephens (August 3, 1821 – February 13, 1882) was an American labor leader.

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Utah Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control

The Utah Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control (UDABC) is a state government agency of the U.S. state of Utah.

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Utility frequency

The utility frequency, (power) line frequency (American English) or mains frequency (British English) is the nominal frequency of the oscillations of alternating current (AC) in an electric power grid transmitted from a power station to the end-user.

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Utility ratemaking

Utility ratemaking is the formal regulatory process in the United States by which public utilities set the prices (more commonly known as "rates") they will charge consumers.

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V&S Group

V&S Group (V&S Vin & Sprit AB), founded in 1917, is an international producer and distributor of alcoholic beverages.

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Vajont Dam

The Vajont Dam (or Vaiont Dam) is a disused dam, completed in 1959 in the valley of the Vajont River under Monte Toc, in the municipality of Erto e Casso, 100 km (60 miles) north of Venice, Italy.

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Van Brugh Livingston

Peter Van Brugh Livingston or Van Brugh Livingston (1792 – July 16, 1868) was an American diplomat who served as the American Chargé d'affaires to Ecuador from August 12, 1848 until November 12, 1849.

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Vínbúð

Vínbúð (wine shop) is a chain of 46 stores run by the Icelandic alcohol and tobacco monopoly ÁTVR, locally called ríkið (the State).

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Venan Entertainment

Venan Entertainment, Inc. is a mobile and handheld game development studio based in Middletown, Connecticut.

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Vendor lock-in

In economics, vendor lock-in, also known as proprietary lock-in or customer lock-in, makes a customer dependent on a vendor for products and services, unable to use another vendor without substantial switching costs.

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Vera Lutz

Vera Constance Lutz, Smith, (1912–1976) was a British economist.

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Vertical integration

In microeconomics and management, vertical integration is an arrangement in which the supply chain of a company is owned by that company.

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Victor Amuso

Vittorio "Little Vic" Amuso (born 1934 Canarsie, Brooklyn) is a New York mobster and boss of the Lucchese crime family.

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Vira bruk

Vira bruk is a village and an historic iron works in Österåker in Sweden.

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Virji Vora

Virji Vora (1590– 1670s) was an Indian merchant from Surat during the Mughal era.

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Vivo (telecommunications)

Vivo (Portuguese for "alive"), is a brand of Telefônica Brasil, is the largest telecommunications company in Brazil.

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Vladimir Tismăneanu

Vladimir Tismăneanu (born July 4, 1951) is a Romanian and American political scientist, political analyst, sociologist, and professor at the University of Maryland, College Park.

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Voluntary student unionism

Voluntary student unionism (VSU), as it is known in Australia, or voluntary student membership (VSM), as it is referred to in New Zealand, is a policy under which membership of – and payment of membership fees to – university student organisations is voluntary.

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Vuskovic plan

The Vuskovic Plan was the basis for the economic policy of the Popular Unity (UP) government of Chilean President Salvador Allende.

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W. K. Henderson

William Kennon Henderson, Jr., usually known as W.K. Henderson (August 6, 1880 – May 28, 1945), was a pioneer in the radio industry who in 1922 acquired WGAQ in Shreveport, Louisiana, expanded it, and renamed the call letters after himself as KWKH.

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Waibaidu Bridge

The Waibaidu Bridge, called the Garden Bridge in English, is the first all-steel bridge,"The Preservation and Renovation of Waibaidu Bridge,"WHITR-AP (Shanghai) NEWSLETTER 9 (March 2009):4.; http://whitr-ap.org/download/Newsletter%209.pdf and the only surviving example of a camelback truss bridge, in China.

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Wall Street Spin

Wall Street Spin is a board game with a stock market theme.

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Wang Anshi

Wang Anshi (December 8, 1021 – May 21, 1086) was a Chinese economist, statesman, chancellor and poet of the Song Dynasty who attempted major and controversial socioeconomic reforms known as the New Policies.

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Warne Report

The Warne Report was published by the United Kingdom Government in 1993.

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Washington Dulles International Airport

Washington Dulles International Airport is an international airport in the eastern United States, located in Loudoun and Fairfax counties in Virginia, west of downtown Opened in 1962, it is named after John Foster Dulles the 52nd Secretary of State who served under President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

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Water Commission Act of 1913

The California Water Commission Act of 1913 was the first attempt by the legislature of the state of California to address water rights in a comprehensive manner.

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Waterhouses branch line

The Waterhouses branch line was a railway built by the North Staffordshire Railway to link the small villages east of Leek, Staffordshire with Leek, the biggest market town in the area.

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Waterlow and Sons

Waterlow and Sons Limited was a major worldwide engraver of currency, postage stamps, stocks and bond certificates based in London, Watford and Dunstable in England.

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Wenceslas Cobergher

Wenceslas Cobergher (1560 – 23 November 1634), sometimes called Wenzel Coebergher, was a Flemish Renaissance architect, engineer, painter, antiquarian, numismatist and economist.

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WEOL

WEOL (930 AM) – branded AM 930 WEOL – is a commercial news/talk radio station licensed to Elyria, Ohio, serving the western parts of Greater Cleveland, including Lorain and Medina counties.

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West Trenton Line (SEPTA)

The West Trenton Line is a SEPTA Regional Rail line connecting Center City Philadelphia to West Trenton, New Jersey.

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Western Power Corporation

Western Power Corporation (WPC), owned by the Government of Western Australia, was Western Australia's major electricity supplier from 1995 through 2006.

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Western Union

The Western Union Company is an American financial services and communications company.

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White Flint Mall

White Flint Mall was a shopping mall located along Rockville Pike in Montgomery County, Maryland that closed in early 2015 and demolished thereafter.

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White Monopoly Capital

White Monopoly Capital is a South African phrase used in contemporary political discourse.

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White Stream

White Stream (also known as the Georgia-Ukraine-EU gas pipeline) is a proposed pipeline project to transport natural gas from the Caspian region to Romania and Ukraine with further supplies to Central Europe.

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Whitfield Diffie

Bailey Whitfield 'Whit' Diffie (born June 5, 1944) is an American cryptographer and one of the pioneers of public-key cryptography along with Martin Hellman and Ralph Merkle.

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Who Controls the Internet?

Who Controls the Internet? Illusions of a Borderless World is a 2006 book by Jack Goldsmith and Tim Wu that offers an assessment of the struggle to control the Internet.

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Who Killed the Electric Car?

Who Killed the Electric Car? is a 2006 documentary film that explores the creation, limited commercialization, and subsequent destruction of the battery electric vehicle in the United States, specifically the General Motors EV1 of the mid-1990s.

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Wide West

Wide West was a steamboat that served in the Pacific Northwest of the United States.

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Wild Palms

Wild Palms is a five-hour mini-series which was produced by Greengrass Productions and first aired in May 1993 on the ABC network in the United States.

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William D. Bloxham

William Dunnington Bloxham (July 9, 1835 – March 15, 1911) was the 13th and 17th Governor of Florida in two non-consecutive terms.

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William H. White (architect)

William H. White was a British architect.

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William II Canynges

William II Canynges (c. 1399–1474) was an English merchant and shipper from Bristol, one of the wealthiest private citizens of his day and an occasional royal financier.

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William Irving (steamship captain)

William Irving was a steamship captain and entrepreneur in Oregon, US and British Columbia, Canada.

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William McGillivray

Lt.-Colonel The Hon.

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William Moore (steamship captain)

William Moore (30 March 1822 – 29 March 1909) was a steamship captain, businessman, miner and explorer in British Columbia and Alaska.

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William South

William C. South (1866-1938) of Downingtown, Pennsylvania, United States, patented a tri-color system of color photography in 1904 using a unique camera and printing process.

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Williamson trade-off model

The Williamson trade-off model is a theoretical model in the economics of industrial organization which emphasizes the trade-off associated with horizontal mergers between gains resulting from lower costs of production and the losses associated with higher prices due to greater degree of monopoly power.

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Windows Vista editions

Windows Vista—a major release of the Microsoft Windows operating system—was available in six different product editions: Starter; Home Basic; Home Premium; Business; Enterprise; and Ultimate.

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Windows XP editions

Windows XP has been released in several editions since its original release in 2001.

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Wire

A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal.

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Wisconsin Idea

The Wisconsin Idea is the policy developed in the U.S. state of Wisconsin that fosters public universities' contributions to the state: "to the government in the forms of serving in office, offering advice about public policy, providing information and exercising technical skill, and to the citizens in the forms of doing research directed at solving problems that are important to the state and conducting outreach activities".

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WOAP

WOAP (1080 AM) is a radio station broadcasting an Adult Hits format featuring popular music from the 1960s to the present day.

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Wolffs Telegraphisches Bureau

Wolffs Telegraphisches Bureau (1849–1934) was founded by German Bernhard Wolff (1811–1879), editor of the Vossische Zeitung, and founder of the National Zeitung (1848-1938).

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Workers Democratic Party

The Workers National Democratic Party (WDP) (حزب العمال الديمقراطي) is a workers' political party in Egypt formed shortly after the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.

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Working Men's Party (New York)

The Working Men's Party in New York was a political party founded in April 1829 in New York City.

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Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers

The Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers (until 1937 the Worshipful Company of Stationers), usually known as the Stationers' Company, is one of the livery companies of the City of London.

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Worshipful Company of Vintners

The Worshipful Company of Vintners is one of the most ancient Livery Companies of the City of London, England, thought to date back to the 12th century.

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WQED (TV)

WQED, VHF channel 13, is a PBS member television station in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Wrenn v. Boy Scouts of America

Wrenn v. Boy Scouts of America, case no.

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WTT HK

WTT HK Limited, is, as of 2010, the second largest fixed line telecommunication operator in Hong Kong.

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X-inefficiency

X-inefficiency is the difference between efficient behavior of businesses assumed or implied by economic theory and their observed behavior in practice caused by a lack of competitive pressure.

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Xtra (ISP)

Xtra Limited (now branded as part of Spark New Zealand) is New Zealand's largest Internet service provider (ISP).

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Yantarny, Kaliningrad Oblast

Yantarny, previously known in German as (Palvininkai; Palmniki), is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Sambian Peninsula, about from Kaliningrad, the administrative center of the oblast.

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YES Network

The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).

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Yle

Yleisradio Oy (Finnish), also known as Rundradion (Swedish) or the Finnish Broadcasting Company (English), abbreviated to Yle (pronounced /yle/; previously stylised as YLE before the 2012 corporate rebrand), is Finland's national public broadcasting company, founded in 1926.

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Yoo Byung-eun

Yoo Byung-eun was a South Korean businessman, and inventor, who as a photographer was known under the art name Ahae.

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York, Hull and East and West Yorkshire Junction Railway

The York, Hull and East and West Yorkshire Junction Railway was a proposed railway line, promoted in the mid 1840s, intended to connect York to the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.

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Yoshisuke Aikawa

was a Japanese entrepreneur, businessman, and politician, noteworthy as the founder and first president of the Nissan zaibatsu between 1931 and 1945.

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You Can't Take It with You (film)

You Can't Take It with You is a 1938 American romantic comedy film directed by Frank Capra, and starring Jean Arthur, Lionel Barrymore, James Stewart and Edward Arnold.

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Yury Luzhkov

Yury Mikhaylovich Luzhkov (p; born 21 September 1936) is a Russian politician who was the Mayor of Moscow from 1992 to 2010.

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Zadar

Zadar (see other names) is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city.

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Zaibatsu

is a Japanese term referring to industrial and financial business conglomerates in the Empire of Japan, whose influence and size allowed control over significant parts of the Japanese economy from the Meiji period until the end of World War II.

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Zero Hora

Zero Hora is a Brazilian newspaper based in the city of Porto Alegre, the sixth biggest of the country.

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Zodiac (band)

Zodiac (Zodiak, Зодиа́к, Zodiaks) was a space disco music band that existed in the 1980s in Latvia, then a part of Soviet Union.

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Zork

Zork is one of the earliest interactive fiction computer games, with roots drawn from the original genre game Colossal Cave Adventure.

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1340s

The 1340s were a Julian calendar decade in the 14th century, in the midst of a period in world history often referred to as the Late Middle Ages in the Old World and the pre-Columbian era in the New World.

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1560s in England

Events from the 1560s in England.

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1590s in England

Events from the 1590s in England.

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1602

No description.

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1615

No description.

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1620s in England

Events from the 1620s in England.

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1660 in England

Events from the year 1660 in England.

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1660s in Canada

Events from the 1660s in Canada.

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1695 in literature

This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1695.

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1885 in rail transport

No description.

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1890s

The 1890s was the ten-year period from the years 1890 to 1899.

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1892

No description.

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1902 Kosher Meat Boycott

The 1902 kosher meat boycott was a boycott of New York City kosher butchers in response to a coordinated increase in price of kosher meat from 12 to 18 cents a pound.

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1911 in the United States

Events from the year 1911 in the United States.

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1912 Progressive National Convention

Angered at the renomination of President William Howard Taft over their candidate at the 1912 Republican National Convention, supporters of former president Theodore Roosevelt convened in Chicago and endorsed the formation of a national progressive party.

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1940 Republican National Convention

The 1940 Republican National Convention was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from June 24 to June 28, 1940.

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1989

1989 was a turning point in political history because a wave of revolutions swept the Eastern Bloc in Europe, starting in Poland and Hungary, with experiments in power sharing, coming to a head with the opening of the Berlin Wall in November, and the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia, embracing the overthrow of the communist dictatorship in Romania in December, and ending in December 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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1990s in Angola

In the 1990s in Angola, the last decade of the Angolan Civil War (1975–2002), the Angolan government transitioned from a nominally communist state to a nominally democratic one, a move made possible by political changes abroad and military victories at home.

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1994 amendment of the Constitution of Argentina

The 1994 amendment to the Constitution of Argentina was approved on 22 August 1994 by a Constitutional Assembly that met in the twin cities of Santa Fe and Paraná.

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2003 in Afghanistan

2003 in Afghanistan.

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2007 National People's Congress

The 5th Session of the 10th National People's Congress held its annual meeting from March 5 to March 15, 2007 at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, in conjunction with the 2007 CPPCC.

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2009 Hong Kong Broadcasting Authority forum

2009 Hong Kong Broadcasting Authority forum was a public forum held on the night of July 14, 2009 by the Hong Kong Broadcasting Authority.

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2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championship

The 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championship began on 15 June 2009, and was the 17th UEFA European Under-21 Championship.

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2010 in rail transport

No description.

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2010 TVB monopoly case

The 2010 TVB monopoly case (Chinese: TVB 壟斷事件) is a case surrounding Hong Kong television station Television Broadcasts Limited being a monopoly station.

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2013 in Hungary

The following events took place in the year 2013 in Hungary.

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2014–15 Malaysia Purple League

2014–15 Purple League was the Malaysia Purple League's first season.

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62nd United States Congress

The Sixty-second United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives.

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719

Year 719 (DCCXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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Redirects here:

Abuse of dominance, Dominance and monopoly, Horizontal Monopolist, Horizontal Monopoly, Horizontal monopolist, Horizontal monopoly, List of possible monopolies, Local monopoly, Market monopolies, Monopolies, Monopolisation, Monopolised, Monopolism, Monopolist, Monopolistic, Monopolists, Monopolized, Monopolizes, Monopoly (economics), Monopoly and Competition, Monopoly law, Monopoly market, Monopoly power, Monopoly, Moral Aspects of, Moral Aspects of Monopoly, One monopoly profit, Regulated Monopoly, Regulated monopoly, Resources monopoly, Revolution in monopoly theory, Vertical Monopolist, Vertical Monopoly, Vertical monopolist.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly