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Multiple drug resistance

Index Multiple drug resistance

Multiple drug resistance (MDR), multidrug resistance or multiresistance is antimicrobial resistance shown by a species of microorganism to multiple antimicrobial drugs. [1]

107 relations: ABCA9, ABCB11, ABCC12, ABCC6, ABCC9, Acinetobacter baumannii, Adult stem cell, Allicin, Amikacin, Anna Seelig-Löffler, Antimalarial medication, Antimicrobial resistance, Antineoplastic resistance, Apatinib, Arenicin, Asad Ullah Khan, ATP-binding cassette transporter, Bacteriophage, Beta-lactamase, Broad-spectrum antibiotic, Candida auris, Carbapenem, Ceftazidime/avibactam, Ceragenix Pharmaceuticals, Chloramphenicol, Cholera, Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery, Concerns and controversies at the 2016 Summer Olympics, David J. Brenner, Discovery and development of non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, Discovery and development of tubulin inhibitors, DNA nanotechnology, Drug metabolism, Drug of last resort, Drug resistance, Drug vectorization, Dubin–Johnson syndrome, Efflux (microbiology), Eravacycline, Eritoran, Flow cytometry, Fungicide, Gait belt, Gemifloxacin, Gendicine, Geoffrey Chang, Health in China, Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt, History of tuberculosis, Hospital-acquired pneumonia, ..., Hydnocarpus wightiana seed oil, Index of oncology articles, Invasive candidiasis, Jatrorrhizine, Ketoconazole, Komodo dragon, List of antibiotic resistant bacteria, List of antibiotics, List of MeSH codes (D12.776.157), List of MeSH codes (D12.776.543), Malacidin, MDR, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Michael M. Gottesman, Microorganism, MRO, Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, Multidrug tolerance, Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, Multiple antibiotic resistance, Murepavadin, Mycobacterium abscessus, Nanocarriers, Nanomedicine, National Intelligence Assessments on Infectious Diseases, OBPgp279, P-glycoprotein, Paenibacillus, Paenibacillus dendritiformis, Pathogenic Escherichia coli, Pdr1p, Phage therapy, Phenylahistin, Phomoxanthone A, Plasmid-mediated resistance, Pneumonia, Pseudomonas, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rifamycin, RNAi nanoparticles to target cancer, Sepsis, Signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS, Silver nanoparticle, Stannatrane, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Stuart B. Levy, Taccalonolide, Toxin-antitoxin system, Transmembrane protein, Transposable element, Tuberculosis in China, Tyrian purple, Ventilator-associated pneumonia, World Health Day, Xanthomonadales, Zhou Yiqing. Expand index (57 more) »

ABCA9

ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCA9 gene.

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ABCB11

ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B member 11 also known as ABCB11 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ABCB11 gene.

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ABCC12

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCC12 gene.

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ABCC6

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 (MRP6) also known as ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 6 (ABCC6) and multi-specific organic anion transporter E (MOAT-E) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCC6 gene.

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ABCC9

ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C member 9 (ABCC9) also known as sulfonylurea receptor 2 (SUR2) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter that in humans is encoded by the ABCC9 gene.

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Acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii is a typically short, almost round, rod-shaped (coccobacillus) Gram-negative bacterium.

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Adult stem cell

Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells, found throughout the body after development, that multiply by cell division to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues.

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Allicin

No description.

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Amikacin

Amikacin is an antibiotic used for a number of bacterial infections.

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Anna Seelig-Löffler

Anna Seelig-Löffler is a Swiss Biophysical chemist working at the Biozentrum University of Basel, Switzerland.

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Antimalarial medication

Antimalarial medications, also known as antimalarials, are designed to prevent or cure malaria.

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Antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR or AR) is the ability of a microbe to resist the effects of medication that once could successfully treat the microbe.

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Antineoplastic resistance

Antineoplastic resistance, often used interchangeably with chemotherapy resistance, is the multiple drug resistance of neoplastic (cancerous) cells, or the ability of cancer cells to survive and grow despite anti-cancer therapies.

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Apatinib

No description.

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Arenicin

Arenicins are a group of antimicrobial peptides being studied to combat Gram-negative bacteria.

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Asad Ullah Khan

Asad Ullah Khan is an Indian microbiologist, biochemist and a professor at the Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit of the Aligarh Muslim University.

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ATP-binding cassette transporter

ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) are members of a transport system superfamily that is one of the largest and is possibly one of the oldest families with representatives in all extant phyla from prokaryotes to humans.

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Bacteriophage

A bacteriophage, also known informally as a phage, is a virus that infects and replicates within Bacteria and Archaea.

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Beta-lactamase

Beta-lactamases are enzymes produced by bacteria that provide multi-resistance to β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, and carbapenems (ertapenem), although carbapenems are relatively resistant to beta-lactamase.

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Broad-spectrum antibiotic

The term broad-spectrum antibiotic can refer to an antibiotic that acts on the two major bacterial groups, gram-positive and gram-negative, or any antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria.

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Candida auris

Candida auris is a species of fungus which grows as yeast, first described in 2009.

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Carbapenem

Carbapenems are a class of highly effective antibiotic agents commonly used for the treatment of severe or high-risk bacterial infections.

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Ceftazidime/avibactam

Ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ-AVI) is a fixed-dose combination drug containing an antibiotic—3rd generation cephalosporin ceftazidime and a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam.

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Ceragenix Pharmaceuticals

Ceragenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

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Chloramphenicol

Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.

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Cholera

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

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Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery

The Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery (CO-ADD) is a not-for-profit initiative created in 2015 reaching out to chemists in academia and research organisations who have compounds that were not designed as antibiotics and would not otherwise be screened for antimicrobial activity.

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Concerns and controversies at the 2016 Summer Olympics

A number of notable controversies and concerns associated with the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, emerged which were the subject of public debate and media commentary.

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David J. Brenner

David J. Brenner, Ph.D., D.Sc., is a theoretical physicist and Higgins Professor of Radiation Biophysics, College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University.

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Discovery and development of non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors

Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are antiretroviral drugs used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

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Discovery and development of tubulin inhibitors

Tubulin inhibitors are drugs that interfere directly with the tubulin system, which is in contrast to those drugs acting on DNA for cancer chemotherapy.

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DNA nanotechnology

DNA nanotechnology is the design and manufacture of artificial nucleic acid structures for technological uses.

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Drug metabolism

Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems.

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Drug of last resort

A drug of last resort (DoLR) is a pharmaceutical drug that is tried after all other drug options have failed to produce an adequate response in the patient.

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Drug resistance

Drug resistance is the reduction in effectiveness of a medication such as an antimicrobial or an antineoplastic in curing a disease or condition.

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Drug vectorization

In pharmacology and medicine vectorization of drugs refers to (intracellular) targeting with plastic, noble metal or silicon nanoparticles or liposomes to which pharmacologically active substances are reversibly bound or attached by adsorption.

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Dubin–Johnson syndrome

Dubin–Johnson syndrome (DJS) is a rare, autosomal recessive, benign disorder that causes an isolated increase of conjugated bilirubin in the serum.

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Efflux (microbiology)

Active efflux is a mechanism responsible for moving compounds, like neurotransmitters, toxic substances, and antibiotics, out of the cell; this is considered to be a vital part of xenobiotic metabolism.

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Eravacycline

Eravacycline (TP-434) is a synthetic halogenated tetracycline class antibiotic in development by Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals.

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Eritoran

Eritoran is an investigational drug for the treatment of severe sepsis, an excessive inflammatory response to an infection.

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Flow cytometry

In biotechnology, flow cytometry is a laser- or impedance-based, biophysical technology employed in cell counting, cell sorting, biomarker detection and protein engineering, by suspending cells in a stream of fluid and passing them through an electronic detection apparatus.

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Fungicide

Fungicides are biocidal chemical compounds or biological organisms used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores.

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Gait belt

A gait belt is a device used by caregivers to transfer care receivers with mobility issues from one position to another, from one location to another or while assistively ambulating patients who have problems with balance.

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Gemifloxacin

Gemifloxacin mesylate (trade name Factive, Oscient Pharmaceuticals) is an oral broad-spectrum quinolone antibacterial agent used in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and mild-to-moderate pneumonia.

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Gendicine

Gendicine is a recombinant adenovirus engineered to express wildtype-p53 (rAd-p53).

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Geoffrey Chang

Geoffrey Chang is a professor at the University of California, San Diego's Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine.

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Health in China

See also Healthcare in China.

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Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt

Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt (born 12 May 1968 in Neuwied) is a German microbiologist. She is a full professor and holds the Chair of the Department for Microbial Bioactive Compounds at the Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany.

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History of tuberculosis

Consumption, phthisis and the White Plague are all terms used to refer to tuberculosis throughout history.

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Hospital-acquired pneumonia

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) or nosocomial pneumonia refers to any pneumonia contracted by a patient in a hospital at least 48–72 hours after being admitted.

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Hydnocarpus wightiana seed oil

Hydnocarpus wightiana or Chaulmoogra is a tree in the Achariaceae family.

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Index of oncology articles

This is a list of terms related to oncology.

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Invasive candidiasis

Invasive candidiasis is an infection (candidiasis) that can be caused by various species of ''Candida'' yeast.

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Jatrorrhizine

Jatrorrhizine is a protoberberine alkaloid found in some plant species, such as Enantia chlorantha (Annonaceae).

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Ketoconazole

Ketoconazole is a synthetic imidazole antifungal drug used primarily to treat fungal infections.

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Komodo dragon

The Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), also known as the Komodo monitor, is a species of lizard found in the Indonesian islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Motang, and Padar.

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List of antibiotic resistant bacteria

A list of antibiotic resistant bacteria is provided below.

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List of antibiotics

The following is a list of antibiotics.

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List of MeSH codes (D12.776.157)

This is a sub-part (carrier proteins only) of List of MeSH codes (D12.776), itself a part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.

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List of MeSH codes (D12.776.543)

This is a sub-part (membrane proteins only) of List of MeSH codes (D12.776), itself a part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.

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Malacidin

Malacidins are a class of chemicals made by bacteria found in soil that can kill Gram-positive bacteria.

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MDR

MDR may refer to.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) refers to a group of gram-positive bacteria that are genetically distinct from other strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

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Michael M. Gottesman

Michael M. Gottesman (born October 7, 1946 in Jersey City, New Jersey as a speaker at the 1999 Conference on Biologic and Molecular Mechanisms for Sex Differences in Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacogenetics, Office of Research on Women's Health, retrieved 2010-02-28.) is an American biochemist, the Deputy Director (Intramural) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States, and also Chief of the Laboratory of Cell Biology at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) within the NIH.

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Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.

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MRO

MRO or Mro or variant may refer to.

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Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) also called canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 (cMOAT) or ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 (ABCC2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCC2 gene.

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Multidrug tolerance

Multidrug tolerance or antibiotic tolerance is the ability of a disease-causing microorganism to resist being killed by antibiotics or other antimicrobials.

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Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria

Multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDRGN bacteria) are a type of Gram-negative bacteria with resistance to multiple antibiotics.

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Multiple antibiotic resistance

No description.

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Murepavadin

Murepavadin also known as POL7080 is a Pseudomonas specific peptidomimetic antibiotic.

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Mycobacterium abscessus

Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSC) is a group of rapidly growing, multidrug-resistant non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species that are common soil and water contaminants.

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Nanocarriers

A nanocarrier is nanomaterial being used as a transport module for another substance, such as a drug.

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Nanomedicine

Nanomedicine is the medical application of nanotechnology.

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National Intelligence Assessments on Infectious Diseases

The United States intelligence community (IC) has a long history of producing assessments on infectious diseases.

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OBPgp279

OBPgp279 is an endolysin that hydrolyzes peptidoglycan, a major constituent in bacterial membrane.

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P-glycoprotein

P-glycoprotein 1 (permeability glycoprotein, abbreviated as P-gp or Pgp) also known as multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) or ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1) or cluster of differentiation 243 (CD243) is an important protein of the cell membrane that pumps many foreign substances out of cells.

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Paenibacillus

Paenibacillus is a genus of facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria, originally included within the genus Bacillus and then reclassified as a separate genus in 1993.

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Paenibacillus dendritiformis

Paenibacillus dendritiformis is a species of pattern-forming bacteria, first discovered in the early 90s by Eshel Ben-Jacob's group.

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Pathogenic Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli (Anglicized to; commonly abbreviated E. coli) is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).

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Pdr1p

Pdr1p (Pleiotropic Drug Resistance 1p) is a transcription factor found in yeast and is a key regulator of genes involved in general drug response.

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Phage therapy

Phage therapy or viral phage therapy is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages to treat pathogenic bacterial infections.

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Phenylahistin

Phenylahistin is a metabolite produced by the fungus Aspergillus ustus that belongs to a class of naturally occurring 2,5-diketopiperazines featuring a dehydrohistidine residue that exhibit important biological activities, such as anti-cancer or neurotoxic effects.

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Phomoxanthone A

The mycotoxin phomoxanthone A, or PXA for short, is a toxic natural product that affects the mitochondria.

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Plasmid-mediated resistance

Plasmid-mediated resistance is the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes which are carried on plasmids.

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Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli.

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Pseudomonas

Pseudomonas is a genus of Gram-negative, Gammaproteobacteria, belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae and containing 191 validly described species.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans.

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Rhodotorula glutinis

Rhodotorula glutinis (Fresenius) F.C. Harrison is the type species of the genus Rhodotorula, a basidiomycetous genus of pink yeasts which contains 370 species.

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Rifamycin

The rifamycins are a group of antibiotics that are synthesized either naturally by the bacterium Amycolatopsis rifamycinica or artificially.

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RNAi nanoparticles to target cancer

Cancer treatments may vary depending on what type of cancer is being targeted, but one challenge remains in all of them: it is incredibly difficult to target without killing good cells.

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Sepsis

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.

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Signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS

The stages of HIV infection are acute infection (also known as primary infection), latency and AIDS.

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Silver nanoparticle

Silver nanoparticles are nanoparticles of silver of between 1 nm and 100 nm in size.

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Stannatrane

A stannatrane (IUPAC: 1-aza-5-stannabicycloundecane) is a tin-based atrane belonging to the larger class of organostannanes.

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Staphylococcus haemolyticus

Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a member of the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS).

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Stuart B. Levy

Stuart B. Levy is a researcher and physician at Tufts University.

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Taccalonolide

Taccalonolides are a class of microtubule-stabilizing agents isolated from Tacca chantrieri that has been shown to have selective cancer-fighting properties.

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Toxin-antitoxin system

A toxin-antitoxin system is a set of two or more closely linked genes that together encode both a protein 'poison' and a corresponding 'antidote'.

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Transmembrane protein

A transmembrane protein (TP) is a type of integral membrane protein that spans the entirety of the biological membrane to which it is permanently attached.

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Transposable element

A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size.

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Tuberculosis in China

Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in China.

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Tyrian purple

Tyrian purple (Greek, πορφύρα, porphyra, purpura), also known as Tyrian red, Phoenician purple, royal purple, imperial purple or imperial dye, is a reddish-purple natural dye.

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Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a type of lung infection that occurs in people who are on mechanical ventilation breathing machines in hospitals.

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World Health Day

The World Health Day is a global health awareness day celebrated every year on 7 April, under the sponsorship of the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as other related organisations.

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Xanthomonadales

The Xanthomonadales are a bacterial order within the Gammaproteobacteria.

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Zhou Yiqing

Zhou Yiqing (born 1929) is a professor of medicine at the Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology of the People's Liberation Army Academy of Military Medical Sciences.

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Drug-resistant infections, Methicillin-resistant, Multi drug resistance, Multi drug resistant, Multi-drug resistance, Multi-drug resistant, Multi-drug-resistant, Multidrug resistance, Multidrug resistance-associated proteins, Multidrug resistant, Multidrug-resistance, Multidrug-resistant, Multiple Drug-resistant Cancer Cells.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_drug_resistance

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