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Muscle

Index Muscle

Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals. [1]

1591 relations: Abdominal etching, Abdominal wall, Abdominis, Abdominoplasty, Abductor muscle, Abnormal posturing, Acanthocephala, Acceleromyograph, Accessory muscle, Accessory nerve, Achilles tendon, Aciculopoda, Acoustic reflex, Acquired generalized lipodystrophy, Acromyrmex, Actin, Actinic cheilitis, Active structure, Acute muscle soreness, ACYP1, Adaptation to extrauterine life, Adductor hiatus, Adductor muscle, Adductor pollicis muscle, Adenomyoma, Adenomyomatosis, Adenomyosis, Adenosine monophosphate deaminase deficiency type 1, Adhesion (medicine), Adipose tissue, Adiposopathy, Adolescence, Adrenaline, Aerobic conditioning, Aerobics, Afferent nerve fiber, Aging movement control, Air displacement pipette, Airsickness, Akiba caulleryi, Albert Szent-Györgyi, Albert von Bezold, Albertosaurus, Aldolase A deficiency, Alexander Bychkov, Alexander Technique, All Along the Watchtower (TV series), Allen Craig, Allometry, Alzheimer's disease, ..., American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine, Amino acid, Aminoglutethimide, Amniotic stem cells, Amphiphysin, Ampulex dementor, Ampullae of Lorenzini, Amyotrophy, Anabolic steroid, Anabolism, Anatomical terms of bone, Anatomical terms of muscle, Anatomy, Anatomy Charts of the Arabs, Anatomy of the human nose, Ancestral reconstruction, Ancient Greek medicine, Anconeus muscle, Andarine, Andersen–Tawil syndrome, Androgen, Androgen deficiency, Androlla, Angela Vincent, Angiomatosis, Animal, Animal locomotion, Anisakis, Ankyrin repeat, Annelid, Anopla, Ant, Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, Anterior tibial artery, Anthony Yates, Anti-aging movement, Anti-MAG peripheral neuropathy, Antiandrogen, Antifragile, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Aphanosauria, Aphyonidae, Apnea, Apolipophorin III, Applied kinesiology, Aquatic feeding mechanisms, Arachidonic acid, Archibald Hill, Armlock, Arnold Kegel, Arteriole, Arthroplasty, Arthropod, Articulatory phonetics, Artificial gravity, Artificial heart valve, Artificial muscle, Assistive technology, Asthma, Asynergy, Athletic taping, Atlas (anatomy), Atony, ATP hydrolysis, ATP1A2, ATP1A3, ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 1, Atrial septostomy, Atta sexdens, Attenuation, Audimas, August Krogh, Australian Charbray, Autogenic inhibition reflex, Autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility, Autophagy, Auxesis (biology), Avian immune system, Avulsion injury, Axillary nerve, Axis (anatomy), Étude Op. 10, No. 3 (Chopin), Back (horse), Back injury, Back pain, Balance board, Ballistic gelatin, Ballistic movement, Ballistics, Balloonist theory, Bamboo massage, Barbary dove, Bat, Baton (law enforcement), Beach muscles, Beachbody, Beef aging, Beef clod, Beef shank, Beef Shorthorn, Beef tenderloin, Belemnotheutis, Bell's palsy, Beltex, Beluga whale, Benign fasciculation syndrome, Bernard A. Harris Jr., Bernard Katz, Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid, Beta-Hydroxybutyric acid, Beta2-adrenergic agonist, Betz cell, Biarticular muscle, Bicalutamide, Biceps, Bilateria, Bill Nye the Science Guy, Bill Tytla, Bio-inspired robotics, Bioacoustics, Bioelectromagnetics, Bioinorganic chemistry, Biomechanics, Biomechatronics, Biopac student lab, Bird anatomy, Blaberus giganteus, Blackleg (disease), Blepharoplasty, Blood doping, Blood parrot cichlid, Blood sugar regulation, BMS-564,929, Body composition, Body grooming, Body mass index, Body shape, Body worship, Bodybuilding, Bohr effect, Bottlenose dolphin, Brachial veins, Brachialis muscle, Brachioradialis, Brachysuchus, Braxton Hicks contractions, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Brevicoryne brassicae, Bronson Methodist Hospital, Bruise, Bulbospongiosus muscle, BUN-to-creatinine ratio, Burn, Bursitis, Butterflies in the stomach, Buttocks, C10orf71, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, Cahill cycle, Calciseptine, Calcium, Calcium ATPase, Calcium in biology, Calcium supplement, Calorad, Calorie restriction, Camouflage, Canavan disease, Cancer-related fatigue, Canine transmissible venereal tumor, Capsaicin, CapZ, Carbohydrate digestion, Carbonic anhydrase, Carcinoid, Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling, Cardiomyoplasty, Cardiovascular fitness, Caridoid escape reaction, Carlo Matteucci, Carnosine, Carol Yager, Cartilage, Catabolysis, Catalepsy, Cataplexy, Catastalsis, Cattle judging, Caudofemoralis, Caveolin, CCL14, CD81, Cedrorestes, Cell and Tissue Research, Cell physiology, Cellular differentiation, Central facial palsy, Cephalic vein, Cephalopod, Ceratonova shasta, Cerebroside, Cervical spine disorder, CGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5, Champsosaurus, Characters of A.T.O.M., Charonia, Chelates in animal nutrition, Chelev, Chemical process of decomposition, Chemical thermodynamics, Chemotaxonomy, Chest physiotherapy, Chiaki Mukai, Chicken feet, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Child development stages, Cholesterol, Chorea acanthocytosis, Christian Wilhelm Braune, Christoph Handschin, CHRNG, Chrysostomos P. Panayiotopoulos, Claire Porter, Clam shrimp, Clamp (zoology), Clare Buckfield, Classification of obesity, Cleft lip and cleft palate, Clonus, Cnemial crest, Cnidaria, Coccygeus muscle, Coccyx fracture, Coenurosis in humans, Collagen, type IV, alpha 1, Collagen, type XI, alpha 2, Collection (horse), Colonization of Mars, Combat stress reaction, Common thresher, Companion shadow, Compartment syndrome, Composition of the human body, Compression lock, Concanavalin A, Congenital disorder of glycosylation, Congenital generalized lipodystrophy, Conotoxin, Contents of the Voyager Golden Record, Contracture, Contrahens, Convulsion, Cooking, Cooper test, Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga, Corpus cavernosum of clitoris, Crab meat, Cramp, Creatine, Creatinine, Cremaster muscle, Crested porcupine, Criminal defenses, Critical Path Institute, Crocodile, Cross education, Crotamine, Ctenophora, Cultured meat, Current of injury, Curriculum theory, Cutaneous condition, Cylindrospermopsin, Cystocele, Cytoskeleton, Daf-16, Dailey method, Dakota (fossil), Dario Maestrini, Darkcutter, Darter, David K. Rubins, David Nachmansohn, Dead arm syndrome, Decamethonium, December 2005 Saint Petersburg gas incident, Decerebellate, Deciduous teeth, Deep fascia, Deep fascia of leg, Deep ocean minerals, Deep sea, Defecation, Degrees of freedom problem, Delayed onset muscle soreness, Deltoid muscle, Dendrobranchiata, Depressor anguli oris muscle, Depressor supercilii muscle, Dermatomyositis, Desomorphine, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries, Dhātu (Ayurveda), Diabetes mellitus and deafness, Diabetic myonecrosis, Diapause, Diathermy, Diazepam, Diffusion MRI, Digastric muscle, Dihydrotestosterone, Dimylus, Dioxathion, Dipeptide, Dirofilaria immitis, Discontinuous gas exchange, Diseases of the foot, Diverticulosis, DNA vaccination, DNAJC30, Doliolida, Doras carinatus, Dorn method, Dorothy M. Needham, Doug Ireland, Doug Wright (cricketer), Dracunculus (nematode), Drop set, Duchenne de Boulogne, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Dynamic Tension, Dynamism of a Human Body: Boxer, Dynasplint Systems, Dyrosaurus, Dysmetria, Dyssynergia, E-box, Ear, Earless seal, Eccentric training, ECRL, Ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft syndrome, Eduard Friedrich Wilhelm Pflüger, EF hand, Effect of spaceflight on the human body, Effects of advertising on teen body image, Efferent nerve fiber, Effleurage, Egg tooth, EGR3, Egyptian medical papyri, Elastic mechanisms in animals, Elastic therapeutic tape, Elastography, Electric fish, Electrical brain stimulation, Electrical injury, Electricity, Electroanalgesia, Electrochemistry, Electrodiagnostic medicine, Electrolyte, Electromagnetic radiation and health, Electromyography, Electroneuronography, Electrophysiology, Electroshock weapon, Electrosurgery, Elenski but, Elliptical trainer, Embouchure collapse, Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, Emil du Bois-Reymond, Encyclopedia (TV series), Energy conversion efficiency, Energy homeostasis, Engine, English criminal law, Enoyl CoA isomerase, Eotitanosuchidae, Epididymis, Epimysium, Epinephrine (medication), Equine nutrition, Erector spinae muscles, Ergogenic use of anabolic steroids, Ergonomic hazard, Eric Eastwood (footballer), Eric Franklin, Eric Harding, Ernest J. Briskey, Ernst Kretschmer, Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow, Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke, Eryops, Escola v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co., Esophageal achalasia, Essential tremor, Estradiol cypionate, Estradiol valerate, Estramustine phosphate, Euapta lappa, Eurasian hoopoe, European Academy of Neurology, Evisceration (autotomy), Evolution of emotion, Evolution of nervous systems, Evolutionary history of life, Excretory system, Exercise, Exercise ball, Exertional rhabdomyolysis, Exoenzyme, Exophoria, Exoskeleton, Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle, Extensor digitorum brevis muscle, Extensor digitorum muscle, Extensor hallucis brevis muscle, Extracellular field potential, Extraocular muscles, Eye development, Eye examination, F-actin capping protein, Fabrice de Nola, Facial expression, Facial motion capture, Facial toning, Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, FANCD2OS, Fascia, Fascia training, Fascial compartment, Fascial compartments of leg, Fascial compartments of thigh, Fascial spaces of the head and neck, Fasciola hepatica, Fasciotomy, Fatigue, Female body shape, Female reproductive system, Feminization (biology), Femur, Fermentation, Ferrochelatase, Fetal movement, Fetal pig, FGF and mesoderm formation, Fiber, Fibrate, Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, Fibromyalgia, Fibula, Fight-or-flight response, Figure drawing, Fine-needle aspiration, Finger, Fish fin, Fish locomotion, Fitness and figure competition, FitWell, Flat feet, Flatulence, Flatworm, Flesh, Flexor carpi radialis muscle, Flexor digitorum profundus muscle, Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, Flightless cormorant, Flourishing, Flushing (physiology), Fly (exercise), Focal seizure, Food, Food pyramid (nutrition), Foot, Foot whipping, Footspeed, Forage (honey bee), Foramen, Force spectroscopy, Fore people, Forensic facial reconstruction, Foreskin restoration, Fossil Detectives, Fox squirrel, FOXO3, Frailty syndrome, François Chaussier, František Vyskočil, Free body diagram, Freediving, Freeman–Sheldon syndrome, Freeze brand, Freshman 15, Freund's adjuvant, Fruitless (gene), Fugu, Fukutin, Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy, Functional constipation, Functional electrical stimulation, Functional movement, Functional training, Gabriele Falloppio, Gaffkaemia, Gait, Galbula hylochoreutes, Gallamine triethiodide, Galvanism, Game physics, Gamma motor neuron, Gamma-Aminobutyric acid, Gapeworm, Gas gangrene, Gastro-, Gastrulation, Gömöri trichrome stain, Gene doping, Gene electrotransfer, Gene therapy for osteoarthritis, General fitness training, General strength exercise, Geniohyoid muscle, Gerald Fischbach, Geriatric rheumatology, Gilbert schema for Ulysses, Giorgio Baglivi, Girl, Glandulocaudinae, Glenoid cavity, Glenroy Specialist School, Glossary of medicine, Glucocorticoid, Glucose, Glucose 6-phosphate, Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, Gluteal muscles, Gluteus medius, Glycogen branching enzyme, Glycogen storage disease, Glycogen storage disease type I, Glycogen storage disease type III, Glycogenolysis, Glycolysis, Glyptodon, Gnathostomiasis, Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy, Golden poison frog, Golfingia vulgaris, Gou pi gao, Gowers' sign, Graphism, Gray wolf, Grip strength, Groovin' the Moo, Group A streptococcal infection, Growth differentiation factor, Growth hormone, Growth hormone deficiency, Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency, Gubernaculum (nematode anatomy), Gut flora, Gyrification, Haemophilia, Haemophilia A, Hammer, Hamstring, Hand strength, Hand surgery, Hans C. Bjerring, Haootia, Hardgainer, Harold Frost, Harvestman anatomy, Hazard, Head and neck anatomy, Headhunter (video game), Heart, Heat therapy, Heating pad, Heavy meromyosin, Hedgehog signaling pathway, Heikegani, Helicis minor, Helix (gastropod), Heller myotomy, Hemangioendothelioma, Hemangiosarcoma, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Hemifacial hypertrophy, Hemoglobin, Henri-Étienne Beaunis, Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy, Hermann von Helmholtz, Heterakis gallinarum, Heteronemertea, Hexane, HGH controversies, High-dose estrogen, Highfields School, Matlock, History of anatomy in the 19th century, History of archery, History of electrochemistry, History of mental disorders, History of neuroscience, Hitting the wall, HK2, Hog-nosed skunk, Homeless Hare, Homo naledi, Homocystinuria, Honor Harrington, HOPS stain, Horse behavior, Host (biology), Hot Wheels: AcceleRacers, Hounsfield scale, HPS stain, Hsp27, Hugh Huxley, Human anus, Human back, Human biocomputer, Human body, Human brain, Human digestive system, Human embryogenesis, Human eye, Human liquor, Human musculoskeletal system, Human reproductive system, Human skin, Human spaceflight, Human vestigiality, Human-powered transport, Humanoid robot, Humidity, Hyccin protein family, Hydra (genus), Hydranencephaly, Hydrostatic skeleton, Hyoid bone, Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, Hypermobility (joints), Hypokalemia, Hypomimia, Hypophonia, Hypoventilation training, Ibutamoren, ICD-10 Chapter XIII: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, ICD-10 Chapter XIX: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, ICD-10 Procedure Coding System, ICD-9-CM Volume 3, Ideomotor phenomenon, IL1A, Imperatoxin, In vitro muscle testing, In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism, Inborn errors of metabolism, Index of anatomy articles, Index of biochemistry articles, Index of biology articles, Indian cobra, Indium, Infant bed, Inferior gemellus muscle, Inferior rectus muscle, Inflammation, Infrahyoid muscles, Infraspinatus muscle, Ingestion, Inhibitory gnosis, Injection (medicine), Inland taipan, Inokashira Park dismemberment incident, Inosinic acid, Inositol trisphosphate, Inotrope, Insect morphology, Insect mouthparts, Insect physiology, Insect thermoregulation, Insect wing, Insulin resistance, Insulin-like growth factor 1, Integrin alpha 11, Intention tremor, Intercostal muscle, Intermediate fibers, Intermuscular coherence, Internal elastic lamina, Interspinales muscles, Interstitium, Intertransversarii, Intramuscular injection, Invasive hydatidiform mole, Iranian traditional medicine, Iris sphincter muscle, Isoinertial, Isolytic muscle contraction, Isometric exercise, ISpy (TV series), Itch, Ivermectin, Jack Daniels (coach), Jake Layman, Jakub Karol Parnas, Jamaican blackbird, James Paget, Jan Lexell, Jean-Pierre Morat, Jersey Finger, John J. Glessner House, John Kendrew, John M Squire, John Macleod (physiologist), John Mayow, John Ostrom, Joint dislocation, Joint lock, Joint replacement, Jonathan Moffett, Joseph Pilates, Julius Caesar Aranzi, Julius Eugen Schlossberger, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Kaatsu, Kadiatu Lethbridge-Stewart, Kaitai Shinsho, Kappa-bungarotoxin, Karim Benzema, Kashaka, Kinesiological stretching, Kinesiology, Kinomichi, Kiss, Kitefin shark, Klippel–Feil syndrome, Kohnstamm's phenomenon, Kosovo student poisoning, Krabbe disease, KSPA, Kudoa thyrsites, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Lactate threshold, Lactic acid, Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome, Laminopathy, Laminotomy, Lamprey, Language deprivation, Laparotomy, Large-cell lung carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype, Largest organisms, Lasiognathus, Lateral rectus muscle, Lateralization of bird song, Lateralization of brain function, László Harasztosi, Le Pétomane, Le Pétomane (film), Lee Sweeney, Leg, Leg shaving, Leglock, Leiopelmatidae, Lek paradox, Leonardo da Vinci, Leptictidium, Les Mills International, Lesch–Nyhan syndrome, Levator anguli oris, Levator ani, Levator labii superioris, Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle, Levator palpebrae superioris muscle, Levator veli palatini, LGD-4033, Ligament, Ligamentous laxity, Limb bud, Limb development, Limbs of the horse, Linati schema for Ulysses, Linburg–Comstock variation and syndrome, Linea aspera, Liniment, Lipoatrophia semicircularis, Lipolysis, Lipoprotein, List of -ectomies, List of biophysically important macromolecular crystal structures, List of contaminated cell lines, List of Cowboy Bebop characters, List of cutaneous conditions, List of Deltora Quest characters, List of Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas characters, List of He-Man and the Masters of the Universe episodes, List of human endocrine organs and actions, List of human hormones, List of ICD-9 codes 710–739: diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, List of ICD-9 codes 800–999: injury and poisoning, List of instruments used in ophthalmology, List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes, List of MeSH codes (A02), List of MeSH codes (A10), List of MeSH codes (C04), List of MeSH codes (C05), List of MeSH codes (C10), List of MeSH codes (D12.776), List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine, List of parasites of humans, List of Rees's Cyclopædia articles, List of skeletal muscles of the human body, List of songs about Sydney, List of Static enemies, List of Static Shock characters, List of surgical procedures, List of systems of the human body, List of The Magic School Bus episodes, List of Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger characters, List of transitional fossils, List of vaginal tumors, List of Voltron characters, Loa loa filariasis, Local anesthesia, Local anesthetic, Long thoracic nerve, Longus colli muscle, Lordosis behavior, Louis Ptáček, Louping ill, Lower motor neuron, Lower motor neuron lesion, Lower-limb walking pattern, Luigi Galvani, Lujan–Fryns syndrome, Lumbar, Lumbar anterior root stimulator, Lumbricals of the hand, Lung, Lydia Maria Adams DeWitt, Machine fly, Magnetomyography, Magnus Blix, Magosternarchus, Majungasaurus, Malignant triton tumor, MamL-1 domain, Man, Man of Steel (film), Management of multiple sclerosis, Management of scoliosis, Mancuerda, Manuel Córdova-Rios, MAPK12, Marathon, Marbled electric ray, Marc Stevens (actor), Marine mammal, Mars to Stay, Massage, Master Shake, Masticatory muscle myositis, Maung Thaw Ka, Mauthner cell, Mécanisme de la physionomie humaine, McLeod syndrome, Measuring instrument, Meat, Mechanomyogram, MED28, Medial rectus muscle, Medical ultrasound, Medulla oblongata, Megarectum, Mehmet Kurt, Merkel-cell carcinoma, Meromyosin, MERRF syndrome, Mesenchymal stem cell, Metabolic age, Metabolic window, Metabolism, Metalloprotease inhibitor, Metenolone, Methyl-DOB, Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, Metmyoglobin, Michael Zullo, Microtrauma, Microtubule nucleation, Microwave burn, Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle, Migraine treatment, Mike Bate, Mike Gregory, Mineral lick, MIRA procedure, Mitochondrial disease, Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, Mitochondrion, MK-0773, MM, Moa, Modic changes, Molecular machine, Monkeypox, Monofin, Moorbad Gmös, Morell Mackenzie, Morley Kare, Mormyridae, Morning sickness, Morpholino, Morvan's syndrome, Most Muscular, Motility, Motor nerve, Motor neuron, Motor pool (neuroscience), Motor protein, Motor system, Motor unit, MPV17, MRAS, Mulibrey nanism, Multielectrode array, Muscle (disambiguation), Muscle arms, Muscle atrophy, Muscle biopsy, Muscle contraction, Muscle fatigue, Muscle memory, Muscle memory (strength training), Muscle spindle, Muscle tissue, Muscle tissue neoplasm, Muscles of respiration, Muscles of the hip, Muscular evolution in humans, Muscular hydrostat, Muscular layer, Muscular system, Muscularis mucosae, Musculoskeletal disorder, Musculoskeletal physiology, Myalgia, Mydriasis, MYH15, MYH16 gene, MYH7B, Mylohyoid muscle, Myo, Myocardial disarray, Myoclonus, Myocyte, Myofascial release, Myofascial trigger point, Myofibroblast, Myofilament, Myogenic mechanism, Myogenic tone, Myoglobin, Myoglobinuria, Myology, Myolysis, Myopathy, Myosatellite cell, Myosin, Myosin head, Myosin light-chain kinase, Myositis, Myostatin, Myotomy, Myotonic dystrophy, Myotoxin, Myoxocephalus, Myxobolus cerebralis, Myxosporea, N.E.R.D.S., Na+/K+-ATPase, Nalbuphine, Nandrolone decanoate, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Nature, Nazi human experimentation, Nectocaris, Needlestick injury, Neijing, Nematode, Neospora, Nerve, Nerve conduction study, Nerve plexus, Nerve point of neck, Nervous system, Nervous tissue, Neural accommodation, Neural coding, Neural tube, Neurocomputational speech processing, Neurological examination, Neuromechanics of idiopathic scoliosis, Neuromuscular disease, Neuromuscular medicine, Neuromuscular-blocking drug, Neuromyotonia, Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, Neuroscience in space, Neuroscience of free will, Neurostimulation, Neurotoxin, Neutral spine, Nicolas Steno, Nike Sport Research Lab, Nilutamide, No pain, no gain, Nociceptor, Nodule (medicine), Norethandrolone, Northern leopard frog, NT5M, Nuclear chain fiber, Nutrition, Nysten's rule, O-Toluidine, Oblique muscle, Obliquus capitis inferior muscle, Octopine dehydrogenase family, Offal, Omohyoid muscle, Once Upon a Time... Life, Onychophora, Ophthalmoparesis, Opisthotonus, Opponens digiti minimi muscle of hand, Orbicularis oris muscle, Orders of magnitude (energy), Organ (anatomy), Ornithopter, Orthopedic surgery, Osteological correlate, Osteopathic manipulation, Osteopathic medicine in the United States, Othnielosaurus, Outer ear, Outline of biology, Outline of biophysics, Outline of exercise, Outline of human anatomy, Overtraining, Overweight, P50 (pressure), P70-S6 Kinase 1, Pacific bluefin tuna, Pacific electric ray, Pallesthesia, Pangu, Papa Bois, Paralysis, Parapiptadenia rigida, Paraumbilical hernia, Paraxial mesoderm, Patent medicine, Patterson–Gimlin film, Pearson syndrome, Pectineus muscle, Pectoralis major, Pedicellaria, Pedro Álvares Ribeiro do Carmo Pacheco, Pelagornithidae, Pelmatoplanini, Pelvic girdle pain, Pennate muscle, PEPCK-Cmus mouse, Peptide hormone, Perforator vein, Perimysium, Peripheral chemoreceptors, Peripheral membrane protein, Peripheral nervous system, Peristalsis, Peroneus longus, Peroneus tertius, Perophora viridis, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, Pes anserinus (leg), PET-CT, Petrissage, Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology, PGAM2, PH, Pharmacological body alteration, Pharmacology of bicalutamide, Pharyngeal arch, Pharynx, PhenX Toolkit, Phonomyography, Phosphagen, Phosphocreatine, Phosphofructokinase 1, Phosphorylase kinase, alpha 1, Phyllobates sp. aff. aurotaenia, Phyloxin, Physical therapy, Physiological cross-sectional area, Pilina unguis, Pioglitazone, Pipes, Piriformis muscle, Pituitary apoplexy, PKM2, Place of articulation, Plantaris muscle, Platysma muscle, Play (activity), Plesiosauria, Plyometrics, Pneumatic artificial muscles, Polar overdominance, Poliovirus, Polyestradiol phosphate, Polymyalgia rheumatica, Polymyositis, Polyneuropathy, Polyploid, Polysaccharide, Pompoir, Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome, Post-polio syndrome, Potassium chloride, Poultry, Pre-hospital ultrasound, Precor StretchTrainer, Preferred walking speed, Pregnancy (mammals), Pressure ulcer, Primary bone, Proctolin, Progenitor cell, Progesterone (medication), Pronator teres muscle, Proneural genes, Propionic acidemia, Prostate, Prosthesis, Protein, Protein filament, Protein sparing, Proteoglycan 4, Proximal diabetic neuropathy, Pseudaconitine, Pterosaur, Ptosis (breasts), Puberty, Pubovaginal muscle, PULHES Factor, Push-up, PYGL, Pyloric stenosis, Pyramidal tracts, Pyromellitamide gels, Quadratus lumborum muscle, Quadriceps femoris muscle, Quantitative models of the action potential, Quantitative psychology, Quarter marks, RAD140, Ralgex, Ramesseum medical papyri, Rampage (DC Comics), Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Randle cycle, Rat, Raymond Céstan syndrome, Reaction of degeneration, Reciprocal inhibition, Reciprocal innervation, Rectilinear locomotion, Rectus abdominis muscle, Red blood cell, Red eye (medicine), Reference point indentation, Reflexive antagonism, Rejuvenation (aging), Relaxation (NMR), Reproductive system, Resistance band, Rest step, Resting potential, Reticulohistiocytoma, Retractor, Retractor muscle of the penis, Rhinoplasty, Rib cage, Rigor mortis, Ripping (bodybuilding), RNA-binding protein, Rob Liefeld, Robert Latimer, Robert S. Langer, Robotics, Rocio viral encephalitis, Rohmert's law, Roller coaster phobia, Rostellum (helminth), Rotator cuff, Rotator cuff tear, Rousong, Route of administration, Rovsing's sign, Royal Marines selection and training, Rubrospinal tract, Rudolf Heidenhain, Rusakov Workers' Club, Ryanodine receptor, Sabertooth fish, Sailor Young, Saltwater crocodile, Samandarin, Sandhoff disease, Santanaraptor, Sarcocystis, Sarcoma, Sarcopenic obesity, Sartorius muscle, Savage Dragon, Sólo para Mujeres, Scalene muscles, Scallop aquaculture, Scar, Sciatic nerve, Sciatica, Scissors mechanism, Scleroderma, SCO1, Sea spider, Seashell resonance, Secondary sex characteristic, Segugio Cravin, Seizure types, Selamectin, Semispinalis muscles, Semitendinosus muscle, Serous fluid, Serous membrane, Serratus posterior inferior muscle, Servotron 9000, Sesamoid bone, Sex differences in human physiology, Sexercise, Sexual dimorphism, Sexual headache, Shamo (manga), She-Hulk, Sheldon Friel, Sherrington's law of reciprocal innervation, Shin'ichi Ishiwata, Short-beaked echidna, Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, Shoulder, Shoulder girdle, Shoulder problem, Sid the Science Kid, Simson Shituwa, Sipuncula, Sir William Bowman, 1st Baronet, Sirtuin 2, Sivatherium, SK3, Skeletal animation, Skeleton, Skin, Skin fold, Skin repair, Skinning, Skunk, Smile, Snorkeling, SOCS3, Sodium channel, Soft palate, Soft tissue, Soft tissue injury, Soft tissue pathology, Soleus muscle, Somatic nervous system, Somatotype and constitutional psychology, Somite, Sortilin 1, Sotai, Spalax, Sparty, Spasm, Spastic quadriplegia, Speedster (fiction), Sphenomandibularis, Sphincter, Spinal lock, Spinal locomotion, Spinal muscular atrophies, Spinalis, Spino-olivary tract, Spinocerebellar ataxia, Spiral valves of Heister, Spironucleus salmonicida, Split hand syndrome, Split weight training, Sponge, Sports biomechanics, Sports injury, Spot reduction, Sprint (running), Squat (exercise), Squatting position, St Paul's Catholic School, Leicester, Standing, Star-nosed mole, Starvation, Status symbol, Sternalis muscle, Steven Hogg, Stimulation, Stinger (medicine), Stopping power, Strain (injury), Strandpulling, Strata (novel), Strength athlete, Strength training, Stretch marks, Stretch shortening cycle, Stretching, Strunius, Strychnine poisoning, STS-93, Stylohyoid muscle, Styloid process, Submandibular duct, Suboccipital nerve, Subscapularis muscle, Sucker (zoology), Sucrose gap, Sulcus (morphology), Suntukan, Super Maxx, Super Size Me, Supercompensation, Superficial muscular aponeurotic system, Superior gemellus muscle, Superior rectus muscle, Suprahyoid muscles, Surgical incision, Surgical suture, Suspensory behavior, Suspensory muscle of duodenum, Swimfin, Swimming at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, Synanceia horrida, Syncytium, Synovial membrane, Synovial sac, SYNPO2, T-bone steak, Tachyaerobic, Tae Bo, Taenia asiatica, Tail, Takifugu, Tallgrass Beef Company, Tartaric acid, Task Force Baum, Tastes like chicken, TBX1, Tear of meniscus, Tegument (helminth), Teleost, Temporomandibular joint dysfunction, Tendon, Tendon cell, Tendon-driven robot, Tensegrity, Tensiomyography, Tension myositis syndrome, Tensor fasciae latae muscle, Tensor tympani muscle, Teratoma, Terminologia Embryologica, Terminologia Histologica, Terrestrial locomotion, Testosterone, Testosterone (medication), Tetanospasmin, Tetany, Tetrodotoxin, Teuthowenia megalops, TFM-4AS-1, The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, The Art of Massage, The Arthur Terry School, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, The Greatest (Diana Ross album), The Legacy of Heorot, Thenar eminence, Theodor Schwann, Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann, Theodorus Janssonius van Almeloveen, Thermodynamic free energy, Thermogenesis, Thigh, Thighmaster, Thomas Hodgkin, Thoracic wall, Thoroughbred, Throwing, Thyroid disease, Tibialis anterior muscle, Tibialis posterior muscle, Tiger Woods PGA Tour 07, Tim Rooney, Timeline of human evolution, Tissue engineering, Titin, Tizanidine, TMEM106A, Tongue, Tonic vibration reflex, Toning exercises, Topographic map (neuroanatomy), Torpedinidae, Torpedo (genus), Torsion (gastropod), Toshio Yanagida, Toxin, Trabecula, Trace amine-associated receptor, Training effect, Transgender hormone therapy (female-to-male), Transgender hormone therapy (male-to-female), Transient synovitis, Transversospinales, Trapezius, Treadle pump, Triceps, Triceps surae muscle, Tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome, Trichosomoididae, Trimecaine, Trimethylglycine, Tritylodontidae, Trophic level, Tropical agriculture, Tropical ulcer, Tropomodulin, Tubercle, Tunicate, Turn on the forehand, Type Ia sensory fiber, Typical antipsychotic, Tyranni, Tyrannosaurus, Uberon, Ulcer (dermatology), Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, Uncanny valley, Underwater camouflage, Upper limb, Urea, Urethral sphincters, Uridine diphosphate, Urinary bladder, Uterine atony, Uterine sarcoma, Utetheisa ornatrix, UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, Utrophin, Uwe Windhorst, Vaginal atresia, Vaginal support structures, Vagusstoff, Vascular occlusion training, Vastus medialis, Vegetarian and vegan dog diet, Velociraptor, Vertebra, Vertical jump, Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, Vestibulo–ocular reflex, Viability assay, Vibrio anguillarum, Viper dogfish, Viral neuronal tracing, Viremia, Virilization, Virtua Fighter Kids, Visible Human Project, Vitamin, Vitamin B12, Vocal warm up, Walking, Walter Morley Fletcher, Warfarin necrosis, Warming lubricant, Wasting, Water retention (medicine), Water skiing, Wayne Odesnik, Wearable generator, Weight gain, Wilhelm Kühne, William Jabez Muckley, Wilms' tumor, Woman, Woolly rhinoceros, Work Capacity Test, Work loop, Workin' Overtime World Tour, Wrist drop, Wrist shot, Wu Xing, Wynn's propulsion effect, X-Men 2099, X-ray, Xenoma, Yo-yo effect, Yoky Matsuoka, Zygomaticus major muscle, Zygomaticus minor muscle, ZygoteBody, 1-Testosterone, 1667 in science, 1747 in science, 1927–28 Danmarksmesterskabsturneringen, 1950–51 Ashes series, 2009 Chinese lead poisoning scandal, 2012 in science, 2012–13 Persepolis F.C. season. Expand index (1541 more) »

Abdominal etching

Abdominal etching, or Ab etching, is a plastic surgery procedure invented by plastic surgeon Henry A. Mentz, III in the early 1990s that uses a special cannula to contour and shape abdominal fat pad to provide patients with a flatter stomach.

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Abdominal wall

In anatomy, the abdominal wall represents the boundaries of the abdominal cavity.

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Abdominis

The term abdominis is an old Latin term for abdomen.

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Abdominoplasty

Abdominoplasty or "tummy tuck" is a cosmetic surgery procedure used to make the abdomen thinner and more firm.

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Abductor muscle

Abductor muscle refers to any muscle that causes abduction and may refer to.

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Abnormal posturing

Abnormal posturing is an involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs, indicating severe brain injury.

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Acanthocephala

Acanthocephala (Greek ἄκανθος, akanthos, thorn + κεφαλή, kephale, head) is a phylum of parasitic worms known as acanthocephalans, thorny-headed worms, or spiny-headed worms, characterized by the presence of an eversible proboscis, armed with spines, which it uses to pierce and hold the gut wall of its host.

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Acceleromyograph

An acceleromyograph is a piezoelectric myograph, used to measure the force produced by a muscle after it has undergone nerve stimulation.

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Accessory muscle

An accessory muscle is a relatively rare anatomic duplication of a muscle that may appear anywhere in the muscular system.

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Accessory nerve

The accessory nerve is a spinal nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

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Achilles tendon

The Achilles tendon or heel cord, also known as the calcaneal tendon, is a tendon of the back of the leg, and the thickest in the human body.

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Aciculopoda

Aciculopoda is an extinct prawn which existed in what is now Oklahoma approximately.

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Acoustic reflex

The acoustic reflex (also known as the stapedius reflex, middle-ear-muscles (MEM) reflex, attenuation reflex, or auditory reflex) is an involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear in response to high-intensity sound stimuli or when the person starts to vocalize.

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Acquired generalized lipodystrophy

Acquired generalized lipodystrophy (also known as "Lawrence syndrome," and "Lawrence–Seip syndrome", abbreviation: AGL) is a rare skin condition that appears during childhood or adolescence, characterized by fat loss affecting large areas of the body, particularly the face, arms, and legs.

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Acromyrmex

Acromyrmex is a genus of New World ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae.

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Actin

Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments.

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Actinic cheilitis

Actinic cheilitis (abbreviated to AC, also termed actinic cheilosis, actinic keratosis of lip, solar cheilosis, sailor's lip, farmer's lip), is cheilitis (lip inflammation) caused by long term sunlight exposure.

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Active structure

An active structure (also known as a smart or adaptive structure) is a mechanical structure with the ability to alter its configuration, form or properties in response to changes in the environment.

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Acute muscle soreness

Acute muscle soreness is the pain felt in muscles during and immediately after strenuous physical exercise.

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ACYP1

Acylphosphatase-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACYP1 gene.

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Adaptation to extrauterine life

At the end of pregnancy, the fetus must take the journey of childbirth to leave the reproductive mother.

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Adductor hiatus

In human anatomy, the adductor hiatus is a hiatus (gap) between the adductor magnus muscle and the femur that allows the passage of the femoral vessels from the anterior thigh to the posterior thigh and then the popliteal fossa.

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Adductor muscle

A adductor muscle is any muscle that causes adduction.

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Adductor pollicis muscle

In human anatomy, the adductor pollicis muscle is a muscle in the hand that functions to adduct the thumb.

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Adenomyoma

Adenomyoma is a tumor (-oma) including components derived from glands (adeno-) and muscle (-my-). It is a type of complex and mixed tumor.

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Adenomyomatosis

Adenomyomatosis is a benign condition characterized by hyperplastic changes of unknown cause involving the wall of the gallbladder.

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Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis is a gynecologic medical condition characterized by the abnormal presence of endometrial tissue (the inner lining of the uterus) within the myometrium (the thick, muscular layer of the uterus).

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Adenosine monophosphate deaminase deficiency type 1

Adenosine monophosphate deaminase deficiency type 1, also called myoadenylate deaminase deficiency (MADD), is a recessive genetic metabolic disorder that affects approximately 1–2% of populations of European descent.

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Adhesion (medicine)

Adhesions are fibrous bands that form between tissues and organs, often as a result of injury during surgery.

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Adipose tissue

In biology, adipose tissue, body fat, or simply fat is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes.

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Adiposopathy

Adiposopathy (or sick fat) is defined as pathologic adipocyte and adipose tissue anatomic & functional disturbances, promoted by positive caloric balance, in genetically and environmentally susceptible individuals.  The ensuing pathogenic endocrine and immune responses may directly promote cardiovascular disease, and may also cause or worsen among the most common metabolic disease encountered in developed countries.

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Adolescence

AdolescenceMacmillan Dictionary for Students Macmillan, Pan Ltd.

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Adrenaline

Adrenaline, also known as adrenalin or epinephrine, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication.

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Aerobic conditioning

Aerobic conditioning is a process whereby the heart and lungs are trained to pump blood more efficiently, allowing more oxygen to be delivered to muscles and organs.

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Aerobics

Aerobics is a form of physical exercise that combines rhythmic aerobic exercise with stretching and strength training routines with the goal of improving all elements of fitness (flexibility, muscular strength, and cardio-vascular fitness).

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Afferent nerve fiber

Afferent nerve fibers refer to axonal projections that arrive at a particular region; as opposed to efferent projections that exit the region.

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Aging movement control

Normal aging movement control in humans is about the changes in the muscles, motor neurons, nerves, sensory functions, gait, fatigue, visual and manual responses, in men and women as they get older but who do not have neurological, muscular (atrophy, dystrophy...) or neuromuscular disorder.

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Air displacement pipette

Piston-driven air displacement pipettes are micropipettes, which are tools to handle volumes of liquid in the microliter scale pipettes.

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Airsickness

Airsickness is a sensation which is induced by air travel.

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Akiba caulleryi

Leucocytozoon caulleryi is a species of the genus Leucocytozoon, a genus of parasitic alveolates.

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Albert Szent-Györgyi

Albert Szent-Györgyi von Nagyrápolt (nagyrápolti Szent-Györgyi Albert; September 16, 1893 – October 22, 1986) was a Hungarian biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937.

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Albert von Bezold

Albert von Bezold (January 7, 1836 – March 2, 1868) was a German physiologist born in Ansbach.

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Albertosaurus

Albertosaurus (meaning "Alberta lizard") is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaurs that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, about 70 million years ago.

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Aldolase A deficiency

Aldolase A deficiency, also called ALDOA deficiency, red cell aldolase deficiency or glycogen storage disease type 12 (GSD XII) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting in a deficiency of the enzyme aldolase A; the enzyme is found predominantly in red blood cells and muscle tissue.

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Alexander Bychkov

Alexander Vladimirovich Bychkov (Александр Владимирович Бычков; born April 1, 1988) is a Russian serial killer, convicted for the murder of nine men in Belinsky, Penza Oblast between 2009 and 2012.

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Alexander Technique

The Alexander Technique (A.T.), named after its creator Frederick Matthias Alexander, is an educational process that was created to retrain habitual patterns of movement and posture.

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All Along the Watchtower (TV series)

All Along the Watchtower is a British sitcom that aired on BBC One in 1999, about an RAF site in Scotland, it was written by Pete Sinclair and Trevelyan Evans.

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Allen Craig

Allen Thomas Craig (born July 18, 1984) is an American professional baseball first baseman and outfielder in the San Diego Padres organization.

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Allometry

Allometry is the study of the relationship of body size to shape, anatomy, physiology and finally behaviour, first outlined by Otto Snell in 1892, by D'Arcy Thompson in 1917 in On Growth and Form and by Julian Huxley in 1932.

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Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time.

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American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine

The American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine (A4M) is a United States registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that promotes the questionable field of anti-aging medicine and trains and certifies physicians in this specialty.

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Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.

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Aminoglutethimide

Aminoglutethimide is an anti-steroid drug marketed under the tradename Cytadren by Novartis around the world.

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Amniotic stem cells

Amniotic stem cells are the mixture of stem cells that can be obtained from the amniotic fluid as well as the amniotic membrane.

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Amphiphysin

Amphiphysin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMPH gene.

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Ampulex dementor

Ampulex dementor is a species of cockroach wasp native to Thailand, described in 2014 by Michael Ohl of the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Germany.

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Ampullae of Lorenzini

The ampullae of Lorenzini are special sensing organs called electroreceptors, forming a network of jelly-filled pores.

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Amyotrophy

Amyotrophy is progressive wasting of muscle tissues.

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Anabolic steroid

Anabolic steroids, also known more properly as anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS), are steroidal androgens that include natural androgens like testosterone as well as synthetic androgens that are structurally related and have similar effects to testosterone.

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Anabolism

Anabolism (from ἁνά, "upward" and βάλλειν, "to throw") is the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units.

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Anatomical terms of bone

Many anatomical terms descriptive of bone are defined in anatomical terminology, and are often derived from Greek and Latin.

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Anatomical terms of muscle

Muscles are described using unique anatomical terminology according to their actions and structure.

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Anatomy

Anatomy (Greek anatomē, “dissection”) is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.

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Anatomy Charts of the Arabs

The Anatomy Charts of the Arabs are a collection of drawings described by Karl Sudhoff approximately a century ago.

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Anatomy of the human nose

The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils.

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Ancestral reconstruction

Ancestral reconstruction (also known as Character Mapping or Character Optimization) is the extrapolation back in time from measured characteristics of individuals (or populations) to their common ancestors.

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Ancient Greek medicine

Ancient Greek medicine was a compilation of theories and practices that were constantly expanding through new ideologies and trials.

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Anconeus muscle

The anconeus muscle (or anconaeus/anconæus) is a small muscle on the posterior aspect of the elbow joint.

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Andarine

Andarine (developmental code names GTx-007, S-4) is an investigational selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) developed by GTX, Inc for treatment of conditions such as muscle wasting, osteoporosis and benign prostatic hypertrophy, using the nonsteroidal antiandrogen bicalutamide as a lead compound.

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Andersen–Tawil syndrome

Andersen–Tawil syndrome, also called Andersen syndrome and Long QT syndrome 7, is a form of long QT syndrome.

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Androgen

An androgen (from Greek andr-, the stem of the word meaning "man") is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone which regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.

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Androgen deficiency

Androgen deficiency also known as hypoandrogenism and androgen deficiency syndrome, is a medical condition characterized by not enough androgenic activity in the body.

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Androlla

An androlla is a Galician embutido made from pork.

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Angela Vincent

Angela Vincent (born 1942) is emeritus professor at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Somerville College, Oxford.

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Angiomatosis

Angiomatosis is a non-neoplastic condition characterised by nests of proliferating capillaries arranged in a lobular pattern, displacing adjacent muscle and fat.

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Animal

Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia.

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Animal locomotion

Animal locomotion, in ethology, is any of a variety of movements or methods that animals use to move from one place to another.

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Anisakis

Anisakis is a genus of parasitic nematodes which have lifecycles involving fish and marine mammals.

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Ankyrin repeat

The ankyrin repeat is a 33-residue motif in proteins consisting of two alpha helices separated by loops, first discovered in signaling proteins in yeast Cdc10 and Drosophila Notch.

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Annelid

The annelids (Annelida, from Latin anellus, "little ring"), also known as the ringed worms or segmented worms, are a large phylum, with over 22,000 extant species including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches.

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Anopla

Anopla are a class of marine worms of the phylum Nemertea, characterized by the absence of stylets on the proboscis, the mouth being below or behind the brain, and by having separate openings for the mouth and proboscis.

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Ant

Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera.

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Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL reconstruction) is a surgical tissue graft replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament, located in the knee, to restore its function after an injury.

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Anterior tibial artery

The anterior tibial artery of the leg carries blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery.

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Anthony Yates

David Anthony Hilton Yates, FRCP (born 15 August 1930, died 13 September 2004), known as Anthony Yates, was an English rheumatologist and consultant, president of the British Association for Rheumatology and of the Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Section of the Royal Society of Medicine.

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Anti-aging movement

The anti-aging movement is a social movement devoted to eliminating or reversing aging, or reducing the effects of it.

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Anti-MAG peripheral neuropathy

Anti-MAG Peripheral Neuropathy is a specific type of peripheral neuropathy in which the person’s own immune system attacks cells that are specific in maintaining a healthy nervous system.

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Antiandrogen

Antiandrogens, also known as androgen antagonists or testosterone blockers, are a class of drugs that prevent androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from mediating their biological effects in the body.

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Antifragile

Antifragile: Things That Gain From Disorder is a book by Nassim Nicholas Taleb published on November 27, 2012, by Random House in the United States and Penguin in the United Kingdom.

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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek FRS (24 October 1632 – 26 August 1723) was a Dutch businessman and scientist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology.

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Aphanosauria

Aphanosauria ("hidden lizards") is group of reptiles distantly related to dinosaurs (including birds).

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Aphyonidae

Aphyonidae is a family of eel-like fishes in the order Ophidiiformes.

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Apnea

Apnea or apnoea is suspension of breathing.

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Apolipophorin III

In molecular biology, the apolipophorin III family of proteins are a family of exchangeable apolipoproteins.

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Applied kinesiology

Applied kinesiology (AK) is a technique in alternative medicine claimed to be able to diagnose illness or choose treatment by testing muscles for strength and weakness.

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Aquatic feeding mechanisms

Aquatic feeding mechanisms face a special difficulty as compared to feeding on land, because the density of water is about the same as that of the prey, so the prey tends to be pushed away when the mouth is closed.

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Arachidonic acid

Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid 20:4(ω-6).

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Archibald Hill

Archibald Vivian Hill (26 September 1886 – 3 June 1977), known as A. V. Hill, was an English physiologist, one of the founders of the diverse disciplines of biophysics and operations research.

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Armlock

An armlock in grappling is a single or double joint lock that hyperextends, hyperflexes or hyperrotates the elbow joint or shoulder joint.

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Arnold Kegel

Arnold Henry Kegel (born February 1894; death date variously reported as 1972; March 1, 1972; and 1976) was an American gynecologist who invented the Kegel perineometer (an instrument for measuring the strength of voluntary contractions of the pelvic floor muscles) and Kegel exercises (squeezing of the muscles of the pelvic floor) as non-surgical treatment of genital relaxation.

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Arteriole

An arteriole is a small-diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries.

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Arthroplasty

Arthroplasty (literally "forming of joint") is an orthopedic surgical procedure where the articular surface of a musculoskeletal joint is replaced, remodeled, or realigned by osteotomy or some other procedure.

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Arthropod

An arthropod (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, "joint" and πούς pous, "foot") is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.

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Articulatory phonetics

The field of articulatory phonetics is a subfield of phonetics.

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Artificial gravity

Artificial gravity (sometimes referred to as pseudogravity) is the creation of an inertial force that mimics the effects of a gravitational force, usually by rotation.

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Artificial heart valve

An artificial heart valve is a device implanted in the heart of a patient with valvular heart disease.

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Artificial muscle

Artificial muscle is a generic term used for actuators, materials or devices that mimic natural muscle can reversibly contract, expand, or rotate within one component due to an external stimulus (such as voltage, current, pressure or temperature).

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Assistive technology

Assistive technology is an umbrella term that includes assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative devices for people with disabilities while also including the process used in selecting, locating, and using them.

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Asthma

Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.

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Asynergy

Asynergy is defective or absent co-ordination between organs, muscles, limbs or joints, resulting in a loss in movement or speed.

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Athletic taping

Athletic taping is the process of applying tape directly to the skin in order to maintain a stable position of bones and muscles during athletic activity.

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Atlas (anatomy)

In anatomy, the atlas (C1) is the most superior (first) cervical vertebra of the spine.

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Atony

In medicine, atony (also atonia) is a condition in which a muscle has lost its strength.

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ATP hydrolysis

ATP hydrolysis is the catabolic reaction process by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released by splitting these bonds, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy.

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ATP1A2

ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 2 (+) polypeptide, also known as ATP1A2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ATP1A2 gene.

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ATP1A3

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP1A3 gene.

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ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 1

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP1A1 gene.

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Atrial septostomy

Atrial septostomy is a surgical procedure in which a small hole is created between the upper two chambers of the heart, the atria.

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Atta sexdens

Atta sexdens is a species of leafcutter ant belonging to the tribe Attini, native to the New World, from the southern United States (Texas) to northern Argentina.

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Attenuation

In physics, attenuation or, in some contexts, extinction is the gradual loss of flux intensity through a medium.

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Audimas

Audimas is the largest sportswear manufacturer and one of the market leaders in the development, design and manufacture of sports and active lifestyle apparel in the Baltic States.

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August Krogh

Schack August Steenberg Krogh (November 15, 1874 – September 13, 1949) was a Danish professor at the department of zoophysiology at the University of Copenhagen from 1916 to 1945.

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Australian Charbray

The Australian Charbray is a beef breed of cattle that is the result of the blending of two breeds, the Charolais and the Brahman.

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Autogenic inhibition reflex

Autogenic inhibition reflex is a sudden relaxation of muscle upon development of high tension.

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Autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility

Autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility (AGID) is an autoimmune disease autonomic neuropathy affecting the gastrointestinal organs and digestive system of the body.

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Autophagy

Autophagy (or autophagocytosis) (from the Ancient Greek αὐτόφαγος autóphagos, meaning "self-devouring" and κύτος kýtos, meaning "hollow") is the natural, regulated, destructive mechanism of the cell that disassembles unnecessary or dysfunctional components.

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Auxesis (biology)

Auxesis (from the Greek word meaning increase; grow) refers to growth from an increase in cell size rather than an increase in the number of cells.

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Avian immune system

The avian immune system refers to the system of biological structures and cellular processes that protects birds from disease.

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Avulsion injury

In medicine, an avulsion is an injury in which a body structure is forcibly detached from its normal point of insertion by either trauma or surgery (from the Latin avellere, meaning "to tear off").

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Axillary nerve

The axillary nerve or the circumflex nerve is a nerve of the human body, that originates from the brachial plexus (upper trunk, posterior division, posterior cord) at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6.

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Axis (anatomy)

In anatomy, the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine is named the axis (from Latin axis, "axle") or epistropheus.

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Étude Op. 10, No. 3 (Chopin)

Étude Op.

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Back (horse)

The back describes the area of horse anatomy where the saddle goes, and in popular usage extends to include the loin or lumbar region behind the thoracic vertebrae that also is crucial to a horse's weight-carrying ability.

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Back injury

Back injuries result from damage, wear, or trauma to the bones, muscles, or other tissues of the back.

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Back pain

Back pain is pain felt in the back of the body.

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Balance board

A balance board is a device used as a circus skill, for recreation, balance training, athletic training, brain development, therapy, musical training and other kinds of personal development.

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Ballistic gelatin

Ballistic gelatin is a testing medium scientifically correlated to swine muscle tissue (which in turn is comparable to human muscle tissue), in which the effects of bullet wounds can be simulated.

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Ballistic movement

Ballistic movement can be defined as muscle contractions that exhibit maximum velocities and accelerations over a very short period of time.

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Ballistics

Ballistics is the field of mechanics that deals with the launching, flight, behavior, and effects of projectiles, especially bullets, unguided bombs, rockets, or the like; the science or art of designing and accelerating projectiles so as to achieve a desired performance.

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Balloonist theory

Balloonist theory was a theory in early neuroscience that attempted to explain muscle movement by asserting that muscles contract by inflating with air or fluid.

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Bamboo massage

In Bamboo massage, hollow bamboo canes are used as a massage tool, either warmed or at room temperature.

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Barbary dove

The Barbary dove, ringed turtle dove, ringneck dove, ring-necked turtle dove, or ring dove (Streptopelia risoria) is a domestic member of the dove family (Columbidae).

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Bat

Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera; with their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals naturally capable of true and sustained flight.

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Baton (law enforcement)

A baton or truncheon is a roughly cylindrical club made of wood, rubber, plastic or metal.

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Beach muscles

Beach muscles refer to a group of muscles that lie on the front of the human body.

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Beachbody

Beachbody LLC is an American multinational corporation that uses direct response infomercials, multi-level marketing, e-commerce and individual sales consultants, also known as coaches, to sell fitness, weight loss, and muscle building home-exercise videos. The company was founded in 1998 in Santa Monica, California.

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Beef aging

Beef aging (American English) or ageing is a process of preparing beef for consumption, mainly by breaking down the connective tissue.

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Beef clod

The beef clod or shoulder clod is one of the least expensive cuts of beef and is taken from the shoulder (chuck) region of the animal.

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Beef shank

The beef shank is the shank (or leg) portion of a steer or heifer.

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Beef Shorthorn

The Beef Shorthorn breed of cattle was developed from the Shorthorn breed in England and Scotland around 1820.

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Beef tenderloin

A beef tenderloin, known as an eye fillet in Australasia, filet in France, and fillet in the United Kingdom and South Africa, is cut from the loin of beef.

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Belemnotheutis

Belemnotheutis, is an extinct coleoid cephalopod genus from the middle and upper Jurassic, related to but morphologically distinct from belemnites.

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Bell's palsy

Bell's palsy is a type of facial paralysis that results in an inability to control the facial muscles on the affected side.

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Beltex

The Beltex is a breed of domestic sheep.

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Beluga whale

The beluga whale or white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) is an Arctic and sub-Arctic cetacean.

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Benign fasciculation syndrome

Benign fasciculation syndrome (BFS) is a neurological disorder characterized by fasciculation (twitching) of various voluntary muscles in the body.

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Bernard A. Harris Jr.

Bernard Anthony Harris Jr. (born June 26, 1956 in Temple, Texas) is a former NASA astronaut.

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Bernard Katz

Sir Bernard Katz, FRS (26 March 1911 – 20 April 2003) was a German-born Australian physician and biophysicist, noted for his work on nerve physiology.

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Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid

β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB), otherwise known as its conjugate base,, is a naturally produced substance in humans that is used as a dietary supplement and as an ingredient in certain medical foods that are intended to promote wound healing and provide nutritional support for people with muscle wasting due to cancer or HIV/AIDS.

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Beta-Hydroxybutyric acid

β-Hydroxybutyric acid, also known as 3-hydroxybutyric acid, is an organic compound and a beta hydroxy acid with the chemical formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CO2H; its conjugate base is β-hydroxybutyrate, also known as 3-hydroxybutyrate.

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Beta2-adrenergic agonist

β2 (beta2) adrenergic receptor agonists, also known as adrenergic β2 receptor agonists, are a class of drugs that act on the β2 adrenergic receptor.

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Betz cell

Betz cells (also known as pyramidal cells of Betz) are giant pyramidal cells (neurons) located within the fifth layer of the grey matter in the primary motor cortex.

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Biarticular muscle

Biarticular muscles are muscles that cross two joints rather than just one, such as the hamstrings which cross both the hip and the knee.

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Bicalutamide

Bicalutamide, sold under the brand name Casodex among others, is an antiandrogen medication that is primarily used to treat prostate cancer.

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Biceps

The biceps, also biceps brachii is a two-headed muscle that lies on the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow.

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Bilateria

The Bilateria or bilaterians, or triploblasts, are animals with bilateral symmetry, i.e., they have a head (anterior) and a tail (posterior) as well as a back (dorsal) and a belly (ventral); therefore they also have a left side and a right side.

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Bill Nye the Science Guy

Bill Nye the Science Guy is an American half-hour live action science program that originally aired on PBS from September 10, 1993 to June 20, 1998 and was also syndicated by Walt Disney Television to local stations.

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Bill Tytla

Vladimir Peter "Bill" Tytla (October 25, 1904 – December 30, 1968) was an Ukrainian American animator known for his work in Walt Disney Pictures.

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Bio-inspired robotics

Bio-inspired robotic locomotion is a fairly new subcategory of bio-inspired design.

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Bioacoustics

Bioacoustics is a cross-disciplinary science that combines biology and acoustics.

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Bioelectromagnetics

Bioelectromagnetics, also known as bioelectromagnetism, is the study of the interaction between electromagnetic fields and biological entities.

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Bioinorganic chemistry

Bioinorganic chemistry is a field that examines the role of metals in biology.

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Biomechanics

Biomechanics is the study of the structure and function of the mechanical aspects of biological systems, at any level from whole organisms to organs, cells and cell organelles, using the methods of mechanics.

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Biomechatronics

Biomechatronics is an applied interdisciplinary science that aims to integrate biology, mechanics, and electronics.

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Biopac student lab

The Biopac Student Lab is a proprietary teaching device and method introduced in 1995 as a digital replacement for aging chart recorders and oscilloscopes that were widely used in undergraduate teaching laboratories prior to that time.

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Bird anatomy

Bird anatomy, or the physiological structure of birds' bodies, shows many unique adaptations, mostly aiding flight.

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Blaberus giganteus

The Central American giant cave cockroach (Blaberus giganteus) is a cockroach belonging to the family Blaberidae.

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Blackleg (disease)

Blackleg, black quarter, quarter evil, or quarter ill (gangraena emphysematosa) is an infectious bacterial disease most commonly caused by Clostridium chauvoei, a Gram-positive bacterial species.

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Blepharoplasty

Blepharoplasty (Greek: blepharon, "eyelid" + plassein "to form") is the plastic surgery operation for correcting defects, deformities, and disfigurations of the eyelids; and for aesthetically modifying the eye region of the face.

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Blood doping

Blood doping is the practice of boosting the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream in order to enhance athletic performance.

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Blood parrot cichlid

The blood parrot cichlid (or more commonly and formally known as parrot cichlid; no binomial nomenclature) is a hybrid thought to be between the midas and the redhead cichlid, although the true parent species has not confirmed by breeders.

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Blood sugar regulation

Blood sugar regulation is the process by which the levels of blood sugar, primarily glucose, are maintained by the body within a narrow range.

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BMS-564,929

BMS-564,929 is an investigational selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) which is being developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb for treatment of the symptoms of age-related decline in androgen levels in men ("andropause").

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Body composition

In physical fitness, body composition is used to describe the percentages of fat, bone, water and muscle in human bodies.

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Body grooming

Body grooming is the act of hair removal, shaving, styling or trimming hair of the male body.

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Body mass index

The body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet index is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of an individual.

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Body shape

Human body shape is a complex phenomenon with sophisticated detail and function.

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Body worship

Body worship is any practice of physically revering a part of another person's body, and is usually done as a submissive act in the context of BDSM.

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Bodybuilding

Bodybuilding is the use of progressive resistance exercise to control and develop one's musculature.

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Bohr effect

The Bohr effect is a physiological phenomenon first described in 1904 by the Danish physiologist Christian Bohr: hemoglobin's oxygen binding affinity (see Oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve) is inversely related both to acidity and to the concentration of carbon dioxide.

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Bottlenose dolphin

Bottlenose dolphins, the genus Tursiops, are the most common members of the family Delphinidae, the family of oceanic dolphin.

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Brachial veins

In human anatomy, the brachial veins are venae comitantes of the brachial artery in the arm proper.

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Brachialis muscle

The brachialis (brachialis anticus) is a muscle in the upper arm that flexes the elbow joint.

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Brachioradialis

The brachioradialis is a muscle of the forearm that flexes the forearm at the elbow.

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Brachysuchus

Brachysuchus is an extinct genus of phytosaur known from the late Triassic period (Carnian stage) of Dockum Group in Texas, United States.

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Braxton Hicks contractions

Braxton Hicks contractions, also known as practice contractions, are sporadic uterine contractions that sometimes start around six weeks into a pregnancy.

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Brazilian jiu-jitsu

Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ; jiu-jitsu brasileiro) is a martial art and combat sport system that focuses on grappling and especially ground fighting.

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Brevicoryne brassicae

Brevicoryne brassicae, commonly known as the cabbage aphid or cabbage aphis, is a destructive aphid (plant louse) native to Europe that is now found in many other areas of the world.

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Bronson Methodist Hospital

Bronson Methodist Hospital is a 404-bed non-profit teaching hospital located in downtown Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States, and is a Level I trauma center.

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Bruise

A contusion, commonly known as a bruise, is a type of hematoma of tissue in which capillaries and sometimes venules are damaged by trauma, allowing blood to seep, hemorrhage, or extravasate into the surrounding interstitial tissues.

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Bulbospongiosus muscle

The bulbospongiosus muscle (bulbocavernosus in older texts) is one of the superficial muscles of the perineum.

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BUN-to-creatinine ratio

In medicine, the BUN-to-creatinine ratio is the ratio of two serum laboratory values, the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (mg/dL) and serum creatinine (Cr) (mg/dL).

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Burn

A burn is a type of injury to skin, or other tissues, caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation.

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Bursitis

Bursitis is the inflammation of one or more bursae (small sacs) of synovial fluid in the body.

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Butterflies in the stomach

Butterflies in the stomach is the physical sensation in humans of a "fluttery" feeling in the stomach, caused by a reduction of blood flow to the organ.

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Buttocks

The buttocks (singular: buttock) are two rounded portions of the anatomy, located on the posterior of the pelvic region of primates (including humans), and many other bipeds or quadrupeds, and comprise a layer of fat superimposed on the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius muscles.

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C10orf71

C10orf71 is a gene located on chromosome 10 open reading frame 71.

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Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II

/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II or CaMKII) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that is regulated by the /calmodulin complex.

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Cahill cycle

The Cahill cycle, also known as the alanine cycle or glucose-alanine cycle, is the series of reactions in which amino groups and carbons from muscle are transported to the liver.

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Calciseptine

Calciseptine (CaS) is a natural neurotoxin isolated from the black mamba Dendroaspis p. polylepis venom.

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Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.

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Calcium ATPase

Ca2+ ATPase is a form of P-ATPase that transfers calcium after a muscle has contracted.

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Calcium in biology

Calcium ions (Ca2+) play a vital role in the physiology and biochemistry of organisms and the cell.

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Calcium supplement

Calcium supplements are salts of calcium used in a number of conditions.

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Calorad

Calorad Classic is a liquid protein weight loss supplement which was first introduced to the US and Canadian marketplace in 1984.

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Calorie restriction

Calorie restriction, or caloric restriction, or energy restriction, is a dietary regimen that reduces calorie intake without incurring malnutrition or a reduction in essential nutrients.

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Camouflage

Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see (crypsis), or by disguising them as something else (mimesis).

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Canavan disease

Canavan disease, also called Canavan–van Bogaert–Bertrand disease, is an autosomal recessive degenerative disorder that causes progressive damage to nerve cells in the brain, and is one of the most common degenerative cerebral diseases of infancy.

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Cancer-related fatigue

Cancer-related fatigue is a subjective symptom of fatigue that is experienced by nearly all cancer patients.

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Canine transmissible venereal tumor

Canine transmissible venereal tumors (CTVTs), also called transmissible venereal tumors (TVTs), canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS), sticker tumors and infectious sarcoma is a histiocytic tumor of the external genitalia of the dog and other canines, and is transmitted from animal to animal during mating.

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Capsaicin

Capsaicin ((INN); 8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is an active component of chili peppers, which are plants belonging to the genus Capsicum.

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CapZ

In molecular biology CapZ, also known as CAPZ; CAZ1 and CAPPA1, is a protein composed of alpha and beta subunits.

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Carbohydrate digestion

All carbohydrates absorbed in the small intestine must be hydrolyzed to monosaccharides prior to absorption.

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Carbonic anhydrase

The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) form a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e. bicarbonate and protons).

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Carcinoid

Carcinoid (also carcinoid tumor) is a slow-growing type of neuroendocrine tumor originating in the cells of the neuroendocrine system.

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Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling

Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling (Cardiac EC coupling) describes the series of events, from the production of an electrical impulse (action potential) to the contraction of muscles in the heart.

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Cardiomyoplasty

Cardiomyoplasty is a surgical procedure in which healthy muscle from another part of the body is wrapped around the heart to provide support for the failing heart.

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Cardiovascular fitness

Cardiovascular fitness is the ability of the heart, blood cells and lungs to supply oxygen-rich blood to the working muscle tissues and the ability of the muscles to use oxygen to produce energy for movement.

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Caridoid escape reaction

The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.

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Carlo Matteucci

Carlo Matteucci (21 June 1811 – 25 June 1868) was an Italian physicist and neurophysiologist who was a pioneer in the study of bioelectricity.

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Carnosine

Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine), featuring the characteristic Imidazole-ring, is a dipeptide molecule, made up of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine.

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Carol Yager

Carol Ann Yager (January 26, 1960 – July 18, 1994) was one of the most severely obese people in history, and the heaviest woman ever recorded.

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Cartilage

Cartilage is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue, a rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints, and is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes, the intervertebral discs, and many other body components.

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Catabolysis

Catabolysis is a biological process in which the body breaks down fat and muscle tissue in order to stay alive.

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Catalepsy

Catalepsy (from Greek κατάληψις "seizing, grasping") is a nervous condition characterized by muscular rigidity and fixity of posture regardless of external stimuli, as well as decreased sensitivity to pain.

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Cataplexy

Cataplexy is a sudden and transient episode of muscle weakness accompanied by full conscious awareness, typically triggered by emotions such as laughing, crying, or terror.

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Catastalsis

Catastalsis is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscle of the intestines.

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Cattle judging

Cattle judging is the process of judging a series of cattle and pronouncing a first-, second- and third-place animal based on each animal's individual traits compared to that of the others.

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Caudofemoralis

The caudofemoralis (from the Latin cauda, tail and femur, thighbone) is a muscle found in the pelvic limb of mostly all animals possessing a tail.

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Caveolin

In molecular biology Caveolins are a family of integral membrane proteins that are the principal components of caveolae membranes and involved in receptor-independent endocytosis.

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CCL14

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14 (CCL14) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family.

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CD81

CD81 molecule, also known as CD81 (Cluster of Differentiation 81), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CD81 gene.

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Cedrorestes

Cedrorestes is a genus of iguanodontian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Utah.

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Cell and Tissue Research

Cell and Tissue Research presents regular articles and reviews in the areas of molecular, cell, stem cell biology and tissue engineering.

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Cell physiology

In the context of human physiology, the term cell physiology often specifically applies to the physiology of membrane transport, neuron transmission, and (less frequently) muscle contraction.

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Cellular differentiation

In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process where a cell changes from one cell type to another.

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Central facial palsy

Central facial palsy (colloquially referred to as central seven) is a symptom or finding characterized by paralysis or paresis of the lower half of one side of the face.

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Cephalic vein

In human anatomy, the cephalic vein is a superficial vein in the arm.

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Cephalopod

A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda (Greek plural κεφαλόποδα, kephalópoda; "head-feet") such as a squid, octopus or nautilus.

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Ceratonova shasta

Ceratonova shasta is a myxosporean parasite that infects salmonid fish on the Pacific coast of North America.

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Cerebroside

Cerebrosides is the common name for a group of glycosphingolipids called monoglycosylceramides which are important components in animal muscle and nerve cell membranes.

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Cervical spine disorder

Cervical spine disorders are illnesses that affect the cervical spine, which is made up of the upper first seven vertebrae, encasing and shielding the spinal cord.

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CGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5

cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 is an enzyme from the phosphodiesterase class.

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Champsosaurus

Champsosaurus is an extinct genus of diapsid reptiles belonging to the order Choristodera, that existed in the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene periods.

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Characters of A.T.O.M.

A.T.O.M. is a French action-cartoon created by Ariane Desrieux and Paul-Patrick Duval and was broadcast in the United States on Jetix from 2005-2007.

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Charonia

Charonia is a genus of very large sea snail, commonly known as Triton's trumpet or Triton snail.

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Chelates in animal nutrition

Chelates (che·late) in animal feed are organic forms of essential trace minerals such as copper, iron, manganese and zinc.

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Chelev

Chelev (חֵלֶב, kheylev or ẖelev), or what is also known as "suet," is the animal fats that the Torah prohibits Jews and Israelites from eating.

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Chemical process of decomposition

Decomposition in animals is a process that begins immediately after death and involves the destruction of soft tissue, leaving behind skeletonized remains.

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Chemical thermodynamics

Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics.

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Chemotaxonomy

Merriam-Webster defines chemotaxonomy as the method of biological classification based on similarities in the structure of certain compounds among the organisms being classified.

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Chest physiotherapy

Chest physiotherapy (CPT) is the treatments generally performed by physical therapists and respiratory therapists, whereby breathing is improved by the indirect removal of mucus from the breathing passages of a patient.

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Chiaki Mukai

is a Japanese doctor and JAXA astronaut.

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Chicken feet

Chicken feet are a part of the chicken that is cooked in Brazil, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Italy, Jamaica, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Mexico, Moldova, Peru, Philippines, Romania, Russia, South Africa, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Ukraine, Bolivia and Vietnam.

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Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.

Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. is a family controlled Italian pharmaceutical company based in Parma, Emilia-Romagna.

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Child development stages

Child development stages are the theoretical milestones of child development, some of which are asserted in nativist theories.

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Cholesterol

Cholesterol (from the Ancient Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), followed by the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol) is an organic molecule.

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Chorea acanthocytosis

Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc, also called Choreoacanthocytosis), is a rare hereditary disease caused by a mutation of the gene that directs structural proteins in red blood cells.

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Christian Wilhelm Braune

Christian Wilhelm Braune (17 July 1831 Leipzig – 29 April 1892) was a German anatomist.

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Christoph Handschin

Christoph Handschin is a Swiss cell biologist at the Biozentrum University of Basel.

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CHRNG

Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNG gene.

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Chrysostomos P. Panayiotopoulos

Chrysostomos (Tomis) P. Panayiotopoulos MD, PhD, FRCP is an eminent neurologist in the field of the epilepsies.

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Claire Porter

Claire Porter (born December 23, 1942) is an American choreographer/comedian known for blending comedic monologues with dance movement.

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Clam shrimp

Clam shrimp are a taxon of bivalved branchiopod crustaceans that resemble the unrelated bivalved molluscs.

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Clamp (zoology)

Clamps are the main attachment structure of the Polyopisthocotylean monogeneans.

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Clare Buckfield

Clare Buckfield (born 10 April 1976) is an English actress, best known for playing the role of Jenny Porter in the BBC sitcom 2point4 Children for most of the nineties and Natasha Stevens in the CBBC series Grange Hill.

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Classification of obesity

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it has an adverse effect on health.

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Cleft lip and cleft palate

Cleft lip and cleft palate, also known as orofacial cleft, is a group of conditions that includes cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and both together (CLP).

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Clonus

Clonus (from the Greek for "violent, confused motion") is a series of involuntary, rhythmic, muscular contractions and relaxations.

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Cnemial crest

The cnemial crest is a crestlike prominence located at the front side of the head of the tibiotarsus or tibia in the legs of many mammals and reptiles (including birds and other dinosaurs).

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Cnidaria

Cnidaria is a phylum containing over 10,000 species of animals found exclusively in aquatic (freshwater and marine) environments: they are predominantly marine species.

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Coccygeus muscle

The Coccygeus is a muscle of the pelvic floor, located posterior to levator ani and anterior to the sacrospinous ligament.

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Coccyx fracture

A coccyx fracture is a fracture of the coccyx, commonly called a 'broken tailbone' or ‘puzzle fracture.’ The coccyx is located at the base of the spine, under the sacrum.

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Coenurosis in humans

The usual reservoir for coenurosis in man is the dog Coenurosis is a parasitic infection that results when humans ingest the eggs of dog tapeworm species Taenia multiceps, T. serialis, T. brauni, or T. glomerata. It is important to distinguish that there is a very significant difference between intestinal human tapeworm infection and human coenurosis.

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Collagen, type IV, alpha 1

Collagen alpha-1(IV) chain (COL4A1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL4A1 gene on chromosome 13.

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Collagen, type XI, alpha 2

Collagen alpha-2(XI) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL11A2 gene.

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Collection (horse)

Collection occurs when a horse carries more weight on the hind legs than the front legs.

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Colonization of Mars

Mars is the focus of much scientific study about possible human colonization.

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Combat stress reaction

Combat stress reaction (CSR) is a term used within the military to describe acute behavioral disorganization seen by medical personnel as a direct result of the trauma of war.

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Common thresher

The common thresher (Alopias vulpinus), also known by many names such as Atlantic thresher, big-eye thresher, fox shark, green thresher, swingletail, slasher, swiveltail, thintail thresher, whip-tailed shark and Zorro thresher shark, is the largest species of thresher shark, family Alopiidae, reaching some in length.

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Companion shadow

Companion shadow is a term used in describing radiographs that denotes the appearance of a smooth, homogenous, radiodensity with a well-defined margin that runs parallel with a bony landmark.

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Compartment syndrome

Compartment syndrome is a condition in which increased pressure within one of the body's compartments results in insufficient blood supply to tissue within that space.

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Composition of the human body

Body composition may be analyzed in terms of molecular type e.g., water, protein, connective tissue, fats (or lipids), hydroxylapatite (in bones), carbohydrates (such as glycogen and glucose) and DNA.

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Compression lock

A compression lock, muscle lock, muscle slicer or muscle crusher, is a grappling hold which causes severe pain by pressing a muscle into a bone.

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Concanavalin A

Concanavalin A (ConA) is a lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein) originally extracted from the jack-bean, Canavalia ensiformis.

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Congenital disorder of glycosylation

A congenital disorder of glycosylation (previously called carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome) is one of several rare inborn errors of metabolism in which glycosylation of a variety of tissue proteins and/or lipids is deficient or defective.

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Congenital generalized lipodystrophy

Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (also known as Berardinelli–Seip syndrome) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive condition, characterized by an extreme scarcity of fat in the subcutaneous tissues.

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Conotoxin

A conotoxin is one of a group of neurotoxic peptides isolated from the venom of the marine cone snail, genus Conus.

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Contents of the Voyager Golden Record

The Voyager Golden Record contains 116 images plus a calibration image and a variety of natural sounds, such as those made by surf, wind, and thunder, and animal sounds, including the songs of birds, whales and dolphins.

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Contracture

A muscle contracture is a permanent shortening of a muscle or joint.

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Contrahens

The contrahentes (singular contrahens) are muscles widely present in the hands of mammals, including monkeys.

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Convulsion

A convulsion is a medical condition where body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in an uncontrolled shaking of the body.

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Cooking

Cooking or cookery is the art, technology, science and craft of preparing food for consumption.

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Cooper test

The Cooper test is a test of physical fitness.

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Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga

Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga is a modern style of Hatha Yoga that was created by American yogini Sadie Nardini in 2006.

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Corpus cavernosum of clitoris

The corpus cavernosum of clitoris is one of a pair of sponge-like regions of erectile tissue which contain most of the blood in the clitoris during clitoral erection.

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Crab meat

Crab meat or crabmeat is the meat found within a crab.

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Cramp

A cramp is a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction or over-shortening; while generally temporary and non-damaging, they can cause significant pain, and a paralysis-like immobility of the affected muscle.

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Creatine

Creatine is a nitrogenous organic acid that occurs naturally in vertebrates.

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Creatinine

Creatinine (or; from flesh) is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass).

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Cremaster muscle

The cremaster muscle is a muscle that covers the testis and the spermatic cord.

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Crested porcupine

The crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata) is a species of rodent in the family Hystricidae found in Italy, North Africa, and sub-Saharan Africa.

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Criminal defenses

In the field of criminal law, there are a variety of conditions that will tend to negate elements of a crime (particularly the intent element), known as defenses.

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Critical Path Institute

Critical Path Institute (C-Path) is an independent, non-profit organization committed to transformational improvement of the drug development process.

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Crocodile

Crocodiles (subfamily Crocodylinae) or true crocodiles are large aquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia.

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Cross education

Cross education is a neurophysiological phenomenon where an increase in strength is witnessed within an untrained limb following unilateral strength training in the opposite, contralateral limb.

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Crotamine

Crotamine is a toxin present in the venom of the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus).

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Ctenophora

Ctenophora (singular ctenophore, or; from the Greek κτείς kteis 'comb' and φέρω pherō 'to carry'; commonly known as comb jellies) is a phylum of invertebrate animals that live in marine waters worldwide.

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Cultured meat

Cultured meat, also called clean meat, synthetic meat or in vitro meat, is meat grown from in vitro animals cell culture instead of from slaughtered animals.

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Current of injury

The current of injury – also known as the demarcation current or hermann's demarcation current – is the electric current from the central part of the body to an injured nerve or muscle, or to another injured excitable tissue.

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Curriculum theory

Curriculum theory (CT) is an academic discipline devoted to examining and shaping educational curricula.

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Cutaneous condition

A cutaneous condition is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, hair, nails, and related muscle and glands.

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Cylindrospermopsin

Cylindrospermopsin (abbreviated to CYN, or CYL) is a cyanotoxin produced by a variety of freshwater cyanobacteria.

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Cystocele

A cystocele, also known as a prolapsed bladder, is a medical condition in which a woman's bladder bulges into her vagina.

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Cytoskeleton

A cytoskeleton is present in all cells of all domains of life (archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes).

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Daf-16

DAF-16 is the sole ortholog of the FOXO family of transcription factors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

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Dailey method

The Dailey Method is a barre class created by Jill Dailey McIntosh in 2000.

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Dakota (fossil)

Dakota is the nickname given to a fossil Edmontosaurus annectens found in the Hell Creek Formation in North Dakota.

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Dario Maestrini

Dario Maestrini (23 March 1886 – 28 October 1975) was a 20th-century Italian physiologist and scientist.

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Darkcutter

A darkcutter or dark cutter is a carcass of beef that has been subjected to undue stress before slaughter, and is dark in color.

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Darter

The darters or snakebirds are mainly tropical waterbirds in the family Anhingidae having a single genus Anhinga.

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David K. Rubins

David Kresz Rubins (1902 – 1985) was an American sculptor and professor.

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David Nachmansohn

David Nachmansohn (17 March 1899 – 2 November 1983) was a German-Jewish biochemist responsible for elucidating the role of phosphocreatine in energy production in the muscles, and the role of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in nerve stimulation.

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Dead arm syndrome

Dead arm syndrome starts with repetitive motion and forces on the posterior capsule of the shoulder.

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Decamethonium

Decamethonium (Syncurine) is a depolarizing muscle relaxant or neuromuscular blocking agent, and is used in anesthesia to induce paralysis.

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December 2005 Saint Petersburg gas incident

Gas was released in St. Petersburg, Russia on December 26, 2005 in an outlet of the Maksidom home supply store chain on Moskovsky Prospect.

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Decerebellate

Decerebellate rigidity is caused by a lesion in the cerebellum.

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Deciduous teeth

Deciduous teeth, commonly known as baby teeth and temporary teeth,Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 255 are the first set of teeth in the growth development of humans and other diphyodont mammals.

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Deep fascia

Deep fascia (or investing fascia) is a fascia, a layer of dense connective tissue which can surround individual muscles, and also surround groups of muscles to separate into fascial compartments.

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Deep fascia of leg

The deep fascia of leg, or crural fascia forms a complete investment to the muscles, and is fused with the periosteum over the subcutaneous surfaces of the bones.

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Deep ocean minerals

Deep ocean minerals (DOM) are mineral nutrients (chemical elements) extracted from deep ocean water (DOW) found at ocean depths of between 250 and 1500 meters.

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Deep sea

The deep sea or deep layer is the lowest layer in the ocean, existing below the thermocline and above the seabed, at a depth of 1000 fathoms (1800 m) or more.

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Defecation

Defecation is the final act of digestion, by which organisms eliminate solid, semisolid, or liquid waste material from the digestive tract via the anus.

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Degrees of freedom problem

The degrees of freedom problem or motor equivalence problem in motor control states that there are multiple ways for humans or animals to perform a movement in order to achieve the same goal.

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Delayed onset muscle soreness

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is the pain and stiffness felt in muscles several hours to days after unaccustomed or strenuous exercise.

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Deltoid muscle

The deltoid muscle is the muscle forming the rounded contour of the human shoulder.

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Dendrobranchiata

Dendrobranchiata is a suborder of decapod shrimps, commonly known as prawns.

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Depressor anguli oris muscle

The depressor anguli oris (triangularis) is a facial muscle associated with frowning.

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Depressor supercilii muscle

The Depressor Supercilii is an eye muscle of the human body.

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Dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a long term inflammatory disorder which affects muscles.

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Desomorphine

Desomorphine is a synthetic opioid developed by Roche, with powerful, fast-acting effects, such as sedation and analgesia.

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Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries

dextro-Transposition of the great arteries (d-Transposition of the great arteries, dextro-TGA, or d-TGA), sometimes also referred to as complete transposition of the great arteries, is a birth defect in the large arteries of the heart.

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Dhātu (Ayurveda)

Dhātus (dhä·tōōs), n.pl.

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Diabetes mellitus and deafness

Diabetes mellitus and deafness (DAD) or maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) or Mitochondrial Diabetes is a subtype of diabetes which is caused from a point mutation at position 3243 in human mitochondrial DNA, which consists of a circular genome.

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Diabetic myonecrosis

Diabetic myonecrosis is a complication of diabetes.

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Diapause

Diapause, when referencing animal dormancy, is the delay in development in response to regularly and recurring periods of adverse environmental conditions.

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Diathermy

Diathermy is electrically induced heat or the use of high-frequency electromagnetic currents as a form of physical or occupational therapy and in surgical procedures.

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Diazepam

Diazepam, first marketed as Valium, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that typically produces a calming effect.

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Diffusion MRI

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI or DW-MRI) is the use of specific MRI sequences as well as software that generates images from the resulting data, that uses the diffusion of water molecules to generate contrast in MR images.

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Digastric muscle

The digastric muscle (also digastricus) (named digastric as it has two 'bellies') is a small muscle located under the jaw.

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Dihydrotestosterone

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), also known as androstanolone or stanolone, is an endogenous androgen sex steroid and hormone.

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Dimylus

Dimylus is an extinct genus of insectivore mammal.

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Dioxathion

Dioxathion, systematically known as p-dioxane-2,3-diyl ethyl phosphorodithioate, is an organophosphate pesticide.

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Dipeptide

A dipeptide is a sometimes ambiguous designation of two classes of organic compounds: Its molecules contain either two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond or one amino acid with two peptide bonds.

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Dirofilaria immitis

Dirofilaria immitis, the heartworm or dog heartworm, is a parasitic roundworm that is spread from host to host through the bites of mosquitoes.

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Discontinuous gas exchange

Discontinuous gas-exchange cycles (DGC), also called discontinuous ventilation or discontinuous ventilatory cycles, follow one of several patterns of arthropod gas exchange that have been documented primarily in insects; they occur when the insect is at rest.

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Diseases of the foot

Diseases of the foot generally are not limited, that is they are related to or manifest elsewhere in the body.

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Diverticulosis

Diverticulosis is the condition of having multiple pouches (diverticula) in the colon that are not inflamed.

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DNA vaccination

DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting against disease by injection with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen, producing a protective immunological response.

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DNAJC30

DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 30 (DNAJC30), also known as Williams Beuren syndrome chromosome region 18 protein (WBSCR18), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJC30 gene.

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Doliolida

The Doliolida are an order of small marine animals of the subphylum Tunicata.

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Doras carinatus

Doras carinatus is a species of thorny catfish found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela.

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Dorn method

The Dorn method is a form of manual, holistic alternative therapy claimed to be used to correct misalignments in the spinal column and other joints.

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Dorothy M. Needham

Dorothy Mary Moyle Needham FRS (22 September 1896 – 22 December 1987) was an English biochemist known for her work on the biochemistry of muscle.

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Doug Ireland

William Douglas Ireland (March 31, 1946 – October 26, 2013) was an American journalist and blogger who wrote about politics, power, media, and LGBT issues.

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Doug Wright (cricketer)

Douglas Vivian Parson Wright (21 August 1914 – 13 November 1998), better known as Doug Wright, was an English cricketer.

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Dracunculus (nematode)

Dracunculus is a genus of spiruroid nematode parasites in the family Dracunculidae.

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Drop set

In bodybuilding and weight training, using drop sets is a technique for continuing an exercise with a lower weight once muscle failure has been achieved at a higher weight.

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Duchenne de Boulogne

Guillaume-Benjamin-Amand Duchenne (de Boulogne) (September 17, 1806 in Boulogne-sur-Mer – September 15, 1875 in Paris) was a French neurologist who revived Galvani's research and greatly advanced the science of electrophysiology.

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Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe type of muscular dystrophy.

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Dynamic Tension

"Dynamic Tension" is the name Charles Atlas gave to the system of physical exercises that he first popularized in the 1920s.

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Dynamism of a Human Body: Boxer

Dynamism of a Human Body: Boxer is a dynamism drawing created by the futurist Italian artist Umberto Boccioni.

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Dynasplint Systems

Dynasplint Systems, Incorporated (DSI) is a company that designs, manufactures and sells dynamic splints that are used for range of motion rehabilitation.

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Dyrosaurus

Dyrosaurus is a genus of extinct crocodylomorph that lived from the upper Cretaceous to the Eocene period, surviving the K-Pg extinction event.

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Dysmetria

Dysmetria (wrong length) refers to a lack of coordination of movement typified by the undershoot or overshoot of intended position with the hand, arm, leg, or eye.

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Dyssynergia

Dyssynergia is any disturbance of muscular coordination, resulting in uncoordinated and abrupt movements.

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E-box

An E-box (enhancer box) is a DNA response element found in some eukaryotes that acts as a protein-binding site and has been found to regulate gene expression in neurons, muscles, and other tissues.

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Ear

The ear is the organ of hearing and, in mammals, balance.

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Earless seal

The earless seals, phocids or true seals are one of the three main groups of mammals within the seal lineage, Pinnipedia.

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Eccentric training

An eccentric contraction is the motion of an active muscle while it is lengthening under load.

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ECRL

The initialism ECRL may refer to.

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Ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft syndrome

Ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft syndrome, or EEC, and also referred to as EEC syndrome (also known as "Split hand–split foot–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft syndrome"Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill..) is a rare form of ectodermal dysplasia, an autosomal dominant disorder inherited as an genetic trait.

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Eduard Friedrich Wilhelm Pflüger

Prof Eduard Friedrich Wilhelm Pflüger FRSFor HFRSE (7 June 1829 – 16 March 1910) was a 19th-century German physiologist.

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EF hand

The EF hand is a helix-loop-helix structural domain or motif found in a large family of calcium-binding proteins.

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Effect of spaceflight on the human body

Humans venturing into the environment of space can have negative effects on the body.

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Effects of advertising on teen body image

The effects of advertising on body image have been studied by researchers, ranging from psychologists to marketing professionals.

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Efferent nerve fiber

In the peripheral nervous system, an efferent nerve fiber is the axon of a motor neuron.

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Effleurage

Effleurage, a French word meaning "to skim" or "to touch lightly on", is a series of massage strokes used in Swedish massage to warm up the muscle before deep tissue work using petrissage.

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Egg tooth

In some egg-laying animals, the egg tooth is a small, sharp, cranial protuberance used by offspring to break or tear through the egg's surface during hatching.

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EGR3

Early growth response protein 3 is a protein in humans, encoded by the EGR3 gene.

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Egyptian medical papyri

Egyptian medical papyri are ancient Egyptian texts written on papyrus which permit a glimpse at medical procedures and practices in ancient Egypt.

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Elastic mechanisms in animals

Elastic mechanisms are very important in the movement of vertebrate animals.

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Elastic therapeutic tape

Elastic therapeutic tape, also called kinesiology tape, Kinesio tape, k-tape, or KT,; is an elastic cotton strip with an acrylic adhesive that is used with the intent of treating pain and disability from athletic injuries and a variety of other physical disorders.

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Elastography

Elastography is a medical imaging modality that maps the elastic properties and stiffness of soft tissue.

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Electric fish

An electric fish is any fish that can generate electric fields.

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Electrical brain stimulation

Electrical brain stimulation (EBS), also referred to as focal brain stimulation (FBS), is a form of electrotherapy and technique used in research and clinical neurobiology to stimulate a neuron or neural network in the brain through the direct or indirect excitation of its cell membrane by using an electric current.

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Electrical injury

Electrical injury is a physiological reaction caused by electric current passing through the (human) body.

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Electricity

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of electric charge.

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Electroanalgesia

Electroanalgesia is a form of analgesia, or pain relief, that uses electricity to ease pain.

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Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry that studies the relationship between electricity, as a measurable and quantitative phenomenon, and identifiable chemical change, with either electricity considered an outcome of a particular chemical change or vice versa.

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Electrodiagnostic medicine

Electrodiagnosis (EDX) is a method of medical diagnosis that obtains information about diseases by passively recording the electrical activity of body parts (that is, their natural electrophysiology) or by measuring their response to external electrical stimuli (evoked potentials).

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Electrolyte

An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water.

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Electromagnetic radiation and health

Electromagnetic radiation can be classified into two types: ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation, based on the capability of a single photon with more than 10 eV energy to ionize oxygen or break chemical bonds.

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Electromyography

Electromyography (EMG) is an electrodiagnostic medicine technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles.

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Electroneuronography

Electroneuronography or electroneurography (ENoG) is a neurological non-invasive test used to study the facial nerve in cases of muscle weakness in one side of the face (Bell's palsy).

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Electrophysiology

Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, "amber"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues.

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Electroshock weapon

An electroshock weapon is an incapacitating weapon.

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Electrosurgery

Electrosurgery is the application of a high-frequency (radio frequency) alternating polarity, electrical current to biological tissue as a means to cut, coagulate, desiccate, or fulgurate tissue.

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Elenski but

Elenski but (еленски бут or (more precisely but less commonly) бут по еленски, sometimes translated as Elena round or Elena leg) is a dry-cured ham from the town of Elena in northern Bulgaria and a popular delicacy throughout the country.

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Elliptical trainer

An elliptical trainer or cross-trainer (also called an X-trainer) is a stationary exercise machine used to simulate stair climbing, walking, or running without causing excessive pressure to the joints, hence decreasing the risk of impact injuries.

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Embouchure collapse

Embouchure collapse is a generic term used by wind instrument players to describe a variety of conditions which result in the inability of the embouchure to function.

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Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy

Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is a condition that mainly affects muscles used for movement, such as skeletal muscles and also affects the cardiac muscle, it is named after Alan Eglin H. Emery and Fritz E. Dreifuss.

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Emil du Bois-Reymond

Prof.

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Encyclopedia (TV series)

Encyclopedia is a television series created by the HBO Network and the for-profit branch of the Children's Television Workshop (CTW) (now known as Sesame Workshop), Distinguished Productions, Inc.

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Energy conversion efficiency

Energy conversion efficiency (η) is the ratio between the useful output of an energy conversion machine and the input, in energy terms.

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Energy homeostasis

In biology, energy homeostasis, or the homeostatic control of energy balance, is a biological process that involves the coordinated homeostatic regulation of food intake (energy inflow) and energy expenditure (energy outflow).

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Engine

An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy.

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English criminal law

English criminal law refers to the body of law in the jurisdiction of England and Wales which deals with crimes and their consequences, and which is complementary to the civil law of England and Wales.

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Enoyl CoA isomerase

Enoyl-CoA-(∆) isomerase, also known as dodecenoyl-CoA-(∆) isomerase, 3,2-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase, ∆3(cis),∆2(trans)-enoyl-CoA isomerase, or acetylene-allene isomerase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cis-or trans-double bonds of fatty acids at gamma-carbon (position 3) to trans double bonds at beta-carbon (position 2).

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Eotitanosuchidae

Eotitanosuchidae is an extinct family of biarmosuchian therapsids.

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Epididymis

The epididymis (plural: epididymides or) is a tube that connects a testicle to a vas deferens in the male reproductive system.

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Epimysium

Epimysium (plural epimysia) (Greek epi- for on, upon, or above + Greek mys for muscle) The epimysium is the fibrous tissue envelope that surrounds skeletal muscle.

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Epinephrine (medication)

Epinephrine, also known as adrenalin or adrenaline, is a medication and hormone.

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Equine nutrition

Equine nutrition is the feeding of horses, ponies, mules, donkeys, and other equines.

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Erector spinae muscles

The erector spinae or spinal erectors is a set of muscles that straighten and rotate the back.

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Ergogenic use of anabolic steroids

Since their discovery, anabolic steroids (AAS) have been widely used as performance-enhancing drugs to improve performance in sports, to improve one's physical appearance, as self-medication to recover from injury, and as an anti-aging aid.

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Ergonomic hazard

Ergonomic hazards are physical conditions that may pose risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system, such as the muscles or ligaments of the lower back, tendons or nerves of the hands/wrists, or bones surrounding the knees.

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Eric Eastwood (footballer)

Eric Eastwood (24 March 1916 – October 1991) was an English footballer who played for Manchester City and Port Vale in the Football League in the period following World War II.

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Eric Franklin

Eric N. Franklin (born February 28, 1957) is a Swiss dancer, movement educator, university lecturer, writer and founder of the Franklin Method, a method that combines creative visualization, embodied anatomy, physical and mental exercises and educational skills.

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Eric Harding

Eric Harding (born December 20, 1972) is an American former professional boxer who fought at light heavyweight.

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Ernest J. Briskey

Ernest Joseph Briskey (1930 – June 24, 2006) was an American food scientist who was involved in the biological studies on meat tissue during the slaughtering process.

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Ernst Kretschmer

Ernst Kretschmer (8 October 18888 February 1964) was a German psychiatrist who researched the human constitution and established a typology.

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Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow

Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow, also Ernst Fleischl von Marxow (5 August 1846, Vienna – 22 October 1891, Vienna), son of Karl Fleischl Edlem von Marxow and his wife Ida (née Marx) was an Austrian physiologist and physician who became known for his important investigations on the electrical activity of nerves and the brain.

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Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke

Ernst Wilhelm Ritter von Brücke (6 July 1819 – 7 January 1892) was a German physician and physiologist.

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Eryops

Eryops meaning "drawn-out face" because most of its skull was in front of its eyes (Greek ἐρύειν, eryein.

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Escola v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co.

Escola v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co., 24 Cal.2d 453, 150 P.2d 436 (1944), was a decision of the Supreme Court of California involving an injury caused by an exploding bottle of Coca-Cola.

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Esophageal achalasia

Esophageal achalasia, often called simple achalasia, is a failure of smooth muscle fibers to relax, which can cause the lower esophageal sphincter to remain closed.

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Essential tremor

Essential tremor (ET, also referred to as benign tremor, familial tremor, or idiopathic tremor) is a progressive neurological disorder that is also the most common movement disorder.

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Estradiol cypionate

Estradiol cypionate, sold under the brand name Depo-Estradiol among others, is a medication which is used in hormone therapy such as for menopausal symptoms and in hormonal birth control.

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Estradiol valerate

Estradiol valerate, sold under the brand names Progynova, Progynon Depot, and Delestrogen among others, is a medication which is used in hormone therapy such as for menopausal symptoms and in hormonal birth control.

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Estramustine phosphate

Estramustine phosphate (EMP), sold under the brand names Emcyt and Estracyt, is a medication which is used in the treatment of prostate cancer in men.

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Euapta lappa

Euapta lappa, the beaded sea cucumber, is a species of sea cucumbers in the family Synaptidae in the phylum Echinodermata.

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Eurasian hoopoe

The Eurasian hoopoe (Upupa epops) is the most widespread species of the genus Upupa, native to Europe, Asia and the northern half of Africa.

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European Academy of Neurology

The European Academy of Neurology (EAN) is a non-profit organisation that unites and supports neurologists across the whole of Europe.

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Evisceration (autotomy)

Evisceration is a method of autotomy involving the ejection of internal organs used by animals as a defensive strategy.

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Evolution of emotion

The study of the evolution of emotions dates back to the 19th century.

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Evolution of nervous systems

The evolution of nervous systems dates back to the first development of nervous systems in animals (or metazoans).

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Evolutionary history of life

The evolutionary history of life on Earth traces the processes by which both living organisms and fossil organisms evolved since life emerged on the planet, until the present.

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Excretory system

The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism, so as to help maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body.

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Exercise

Exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness.

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Exercise ball

An exercise ball, also known as a Swiss Ball, is a ball constructed of soft elastic with a diameter of approximately 35 to 85 centimeters (14 to 34 inches) and filled with air.

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Exertional rhabdomyolysis

Exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) – sometimes called exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis – is the breakdown of muscle from extreme physical exertion.

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Exoenzyme

An exoenzyme, or extracellular enzyme, is an enzyme that is secreted by a cell and functions outside of that cell.

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Exophoria

Exophoria is a form of heterophoria in which there is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward.

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Exoskeleton

An exoskeleton (from Greek έξω, éxō "outer" and σκελετός, skeletós "skeleton") is the external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body, in contrast to the internal skeleton (endoskeleton) of, for example, a human.

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Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle

The extensor carpi radialis longus is one of the five main muscles that control movements at the wrist.

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Extensor digitorum brevis muscle

The extensor digitorum brevis muscle (sometimes EDB) is a muscle on the upper surface of the foot that helps extend digits 1 through 4.

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Extensor digitorum muscle

The extensor digitorum muscle (also known as extensor digitorum communis) is a muscle of the posterior forearm present in humans and other animals.

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Extensor hallucis brevis muscle

The extensor hallucis brevis is a muscle on the top of the foot that helps to extend the big toe.

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Extracellular field potential

The extracellular field potential is the electrical potential produced by cells, e.g. nerve or muscle cells, outside of the cell.

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Extraocular muscles

The extraocular muscles are the six muscles that control movement of the eye and one muscle that controls eyelid elevation (levator palpebrae).

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Eye development

Eye formation in the human embryo begins at approximately three weeks into embryonic development and continues through the tenth week.

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Eye examination

An eye examination is a series of tests performed by an ophthalmologist (medical doctor), optometrist, or orthoptist assessing vision and ability to focus on and discern objects, as well as other tests and examinations pertaining to the eyes.

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F-actin capping protein

In molecular biology, the F-actin capping protein is a protein which binds in a calcium-independent manner to the fast-growing ends of actin filaments (barbed end), thereby blocking the exchange of subunits at these ends.

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Fabrice de Nola

Fabrice de Nola is an Italian-Belgian artist born in Messina (Sicily) in 1964.

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Facial expression

A facial expression is one or more motions or positions of the muscles beneath the skin of the face.

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Facial motion capture

Facial motion capture is the process of electronically converting the movements of a person's face into a digital database using cameras or laser scanners.

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Facial toning

Facial toning, or facial exercise is a type of cosmetic procedure or physical therapy tool which promises to alter facial contours by means of increasing muscle tone, and facial volume by promoting muscular hypertrophy, and preventing muscle loss due to aging or facial paralysis.

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Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHMD, FSHD or FSH)—originally named Landouzy-Dejerine, MDA, date accessed 6 March 2007—is a usually autosomal dominant inherited form of muscular dystrophy (MD) that initially affects the skeletal muscles of the face (facio), scapula (scapulo) and upper arms (humeral).

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FANCD2OS

Fanconi Anemia Opposite Strand Transcript protein is a predicted protein that in humans is encoded by the FANCD2OS gene.

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Fascia

A fascia (plural fasciae; adjective fascial; from Latin: "band") is a band or sheet of connective tissue, primarily collagen, beneath the skin that attaches, stabilizes, encloses, and separates muscles and other internal organs.

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Fascia training

Fascia training describes sports activities and movement exercises that attempt to improve the functional properties of the muscular connective tissues in the human body, such as tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and muscular envelopes.

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Fascial compartment

A fascial compartment is a section within the body that contains muscles and nerves and is surrounded by fascia.

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Fascial compartments of leg

The fascial compartments of the leg are the four fascial compartments that separate and contain the muscles of the lower leg (from the knee to the ankle).

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Fascial compartments of thigh

The fascial compartments of thigh are the three fascial compartments that divide and contain the thigh muscles.

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Fascial spaces of the head and neck

Fascial spaces (also termed fascial tissue spaces or tissue spaces) are potential spaces that exist between the fasciae and underlying organs and other tissues.

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Fasciola hepatica

Fasciola hepatica, also known as the common liver fluke or sheep liver fluke, is a parasitic trematode (fluke or flatworm, a type of helminth) of the class Trematoda, phylum Platyhelminthes.

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Fasciotomy

Fasciotomy or fasciectomy is a surgical procedure where the fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure commonly to treat the resulting loss of circulation to an area of tissue or muscle.

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Fatigue

Fatigue is a subjective feeling of tiredness that has a gradual onset.

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Female body shape

Female body shape or female figure is the cumulative product of a woman's skeletal structure and the quantity and distribution of muscle and fat on the body.

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Female reproductive system

The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring.

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Feminization (biology)

In biology and medicine, feminization is the development in an organism of physical characteristics that are usually unique to the female of the species.

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Femur

The femur (pl. femurs or femora) or thigh bone, is the most proximal (closest to the hip joint) bone of the leg in tetrapod vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles including lizards, and amphibians such as frogs.

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Fermentation

Fermentation is a metabolic process that consumes sugar in the absence of oxygen.

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Ferrochelatase

Ferrochelatase (or protoporphyrin ferrochelatase) is an enzyme that is encoded by the FECH gene in humans.

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Fetal movement

Fetal movement refers to motion of a fetus caused by its own muscle activity.

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Fetal pig

Fetal pigs are unborn pigs used in elementary as well as advanced biology classes as objects for dissection.

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FGF and mesoderm formation

This article is about the role of FGF Signaling in Mesoderm Formation.

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Fiber

Fiber or fibre (see spelling differences, from the Latin fibra) is a natural or synthetic substance that is significantly longer than it is wide.

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Fibrate

In pharmacology, the fibrates are a class of amphipathic carboxylic acids.

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Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an extremely rare connective tissue disease.

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Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a medical condition characterised by chronic widespread pain and a heightened pain response to pressure.

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Fibula

The fibula or calf bone is a leg bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below.

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Fight-or-flight response

The fight-or-flight response (also called hyperarousal, or the acute stress response) is a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival.

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Figure drawing

A figure drawing is a drawing of the human form in any of its various shapes and postures using any of the drawing media.

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Fine-needle aspiration

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a diagnostic procedure used to investigate lumps or masses.

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Finger

A finger is a limb of the human body and a type of digit, an organ of manipulation and sensation found in the hands of humans and other primates.

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Fish fin

Fins are usually the most distinctive anatomical features of a fish.

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Fish locomotion

Fish locomotion is the variety of types of animal locomotion used by fish, principally by swimming.

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Fitness and figure competition

Fitness and figure competition is a class of physique-exhibition events for women.

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FitWell

FitWell is a company that offers mobile apps that provide coaching and personal fitness plans and sells your personal data to some guy in an alley for a fiver.

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Flat feet

Flat feet (also called pes planus or fallen arches) is a postural deformity in which the arches of the foot collapse, with the entire sole of the foot coming into complete or near-complete contact with the ground.

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Flatulence

Flatulence is defined in the medical literature as "flatus expelled through the anus" or the "quality or state of being flatulent", which is defined in turn as "marked by or affected with gases generated in the intestine or stomach; likely to cause digestive flatulence".

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Flatworm

The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, Plathelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek πλατύ, platy, meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), helminth-, meaning "worm") are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates.

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Flesh

Flesh is the soft substance of the body of a living thing.

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Flexor carpi radialis muscle

In anatomy, flexor carpi radialis is a muscle of the human forearm that acts to flex and (radial) abduct the hand.

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Flexor digitorum profundus muscle

The flexor digitorum profundus is a muscle in the forearm of humans that flexes the fingers (also known as digits).

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Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle

Flexor digitorum superficialis (flexor digitorum sublimis) is an extrinsic flexor muscle of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints.

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Flightless cormorant

The flightless cormorant (Phalacrocorax harrisi), also known as the Galapagos cormorant, is a cormorant native to the Galapagos Islands, and an example of the highly unusual fauna there.

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Flourishing

Flourishing is "a state where people experience positive emotions, positive psychological functioning and positive social functioning, most of the time," living "within an optimal range of human functioning." It is a descriptor and measure of positive mental health and overall life well-being, and includes multiple components and concepts, such as cultivating strengths, subjective well-being, "goodness, generativity, growth, and resilience." Flourishing is the opposite of both pathology and languishing, which are described as living a life that feels hollow and empty.

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Flushing (physiology)

For a person to flush is to become markedly red in the face and often other areas of the skin, from various physiological conditions.

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Fly (exercise)

A Cable fly or Cable flye is a strength training exercise in which the hand and arm move through an arc while the elbow is kept at a constant angle.

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Focal seizure

Focal seizures (also called partial seizures and localized seizures) are seizures which affect initially only one hemisphere of the brain.

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Food

Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism.

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Food pyramid (nutrition)

A food pyramid or diet pyramid is a triangular diagram representing the optimal number of servings to be eaten each day from each of the basic food groups.

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Foot

The foot (plural feet) is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates.

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Foot whipping

Foot whipping or bastinado is a method of corporal punishment which consists of hitting the bare soles of a person's feet.

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Footspeed

Sprinting is a sport that requires development of footspeed Footspeed, or sprint speed, is the maximum speed at which a human can run.

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Forage (honey bee)

For bees, their forage or food supply consists of nectar and pollen from blooming plants within flight range.

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Foramen

In anatomy, a foramen (pl. foramina) is any opening.

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Force spectroscopy

Force spectroscopy is a set of techniques for the study of the interactions and the binding forces between individual molecules.

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Fore people

The Fore people live in the Okapa District of the Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.

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Forensic facial reconstruction

Forensic facial reconstruction (or forensic facial approximation) is the process of recreating the face of an individual (whose identity is often not known) from their skeletal remains through an amalgamation of artistry, anthropology, osteology, and anatomy.

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Foreskin restoration

Foreskin restoration is the process of expanding the skin on the penis to reconstruct an organ similar to the foreskin, which has been removed by circumcision or other injury.

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Fossil Detectives

Fossil Detectives is a 2008 BBC Television documentary series in which presenter Hermione Cockburn travels across Great Britain exploring fossil sites and discovering the latest scientific developments in geology and palaeontology.

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Fox squirrel

The fox squirrel (Sciurus niger), also known as the eastern fox squirrel or Bryant's fox squirrel, is the largest species of tree squirrel native to North America.

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FOXO3

Forkhead box O3, also known as FOXO3 or FOXO3a, is a human protein encoded by the FOXO3 gene.

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Frailty syndrome

Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome that embodies an elevated risk of catastrophic declines in health and function among older adults.

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François Chaussier

François Chaussier (July 2, 1746 – June 19, 1828) was a French anatomist who was a native of Dijon.

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František Vyskočil

František Vyskočil (September 3, 1941) is a Czech neuroscientist and a Professor of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neurobiology at Charles University.

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Free body diagram

In physics and engineering, a free body diagram (force diagram, or FBD) is a graphical illustration used to visualize the applied forces, movements, and resulting reactions on a body in a given condition.

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Freediving

Freediving, free-diving, free diving, breath-hold diving, or skin diving is a form of underwater diving that relies on breath-holding until resurfacing rather than the use of breathing apparatus such as scuba gear.

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Freeman–Sheldon syndrome

Freeman–Sheldon syndrome (FSS), also termed distal arthrogryposis type 2A (DA2A), craniocarpotarsal dysplasia (or dystrophy), Cranio-carpo-tarsal syndrome, Windmill-Vane-Hand syndrome, or Whistling-face syndrome, was originally described by Freeman and Sheldon in 1938.

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Freeze brand

Freeze branding is a branding process that involves the use of liquid nitrogen or dry ice and alcohol to cool a branding iron so that the iron may then be used to alter the hair follicle of an animal to remove the pigmentation or to remove the hair altogether, depending on the color of the animal.

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Freshman 15

The term "Freshman 15" is an expression commonly used in the United States that refers to an amount (somewhat arbitrarily set at 15 pounds, and originally just 10) of weight gained during a student's first year at college.

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Freund's adjuvant

Freund's adjuvant is a solution of antigen emulsified in mineral oil and used as an immunopotentiator (booster).

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Fruitless (gene)

The fruitless gene (fru) is a Drosophila melanogaster gene that encodes several variants of a putative transcription factor protein.

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Fugu

The fugu (河豚; 鰒; フグ) in Japanese or bogeo (복어) or bok (복) in Korean is a pufferfish, normally of the genus Takifugu, Lagocephalus, or Sphoeroides, or a porcupinefish of the genus Diodon, or a dish prepared from these fish.

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Fukutin

Fukutin is a eukaryotic protein necessary for the maintenance of muscle integrity, cortical histogenesis, and normal ocular development.

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Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy

Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) is a rare, autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy (weakness and breakdown of muscular tissue) mainly described in Japan but also identified in Turkish and Ashkenazi Jewish patients; fifteen cases were first described on 1960 by Dr.

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Functional constipation

Functional constipation, known as chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC), is constipation that does not have a physical (anatomical) or physiological (hormonal or other body chemistry) cause.

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Functional electrical stimulation

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a technique that uses low energy electrical pulses to artificially generate body movements in individuals who have been paralyzed due to injury to the central nervous system.

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Functional movement

Functional movements are movements based on real-world situational biomechanics.

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Functional training

Functional training is a classification of exercise which involves training the body for the activities performed in daily life.

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Gabriele Falloppio

Gabriele Falloppio (1523 – October 9, 1562), often known by his Latin name Fallopius, was one of the most important anatomists and physicians of the sixteenth century.

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Gaffkaemia

Gaffkaemia (gaffkemia in American English) is a bacterial disease of lobsters, caused by the Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium Aerococcus viridans var.

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Gait

Gait is the pattern of movement of the limbs of animals, including humans, during locomotion over a solid substrate.

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Galbula hylochoreutes

Galbula hylochoreutes is an extinct species of jacamar, small birds of the order Piciformes.

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Gallamine triethiodide

Gallamine triethiodide (Flaxedil) is a non-depolarising muscle relaxant.

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Galvanism

In biology, galvanism is the contraction of a muscle that is stimulated by an electric current.

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Game physics

Computer animation physics or game physics involves the introduction of the laws of physics into a simulation or game engine, particularly in 3D computer graphics, for the purpose of making the effects appear more realistic to the observer.

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Gamma motor neuron

A gamma motor neuron (γ motor neuron), also called gamma motoneuron, is a type of lower motor neuron that takes part in the process of muscle contraction, and represents about 30% of (Aγ) fibers going to the muscle.

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Gamma-Aminobutyric acid

gamma-Aminobutyric acid, or γ-aminobutyric acid, or GABA, is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system.

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Gapeworm

A gapeworm (Syngamus trachea), also known as a red worm and forked worm, is a parasitic nematode worm that infects the tracheas of certain birds.

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Gas gangrene

Gas gangrene (also known as clostridial myonecrosis and myonecrosis) is a bacterial infection that produces gas in tissues in gangrene.

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Gastro-

Gastro- is a common English-language prefix derived from the ancient Greek gastros ("stomach").

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Gastrulation

Gastrulation is a phase early in the embryonic development of most animals, during which the single-layered blastula is reorganized into a multilayered structure known as the gastrula.

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Gömöri trichrome stain

Gömöri trichrome stain is a histological stain used on muscle tissue.

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Gene doping

Gene doping is the hypothetical non-therapeutic use of gene therapy by athletes in order to improve their performance in those sporting events which prohibit such applications of genetic modification technology, and for reasons other than the treatment of disease.

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Gene electrotransfer

Gene electrotransfer is a versatile biotechnology technique that enables the transfer of genetic material into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.

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Gene therapy for osteoarthritis

Gene transfer strategies for medical management of the Osteoarthritis have attracted the attention of scientists due to the complex pathology of this chronic disease.

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General fitness training

General fitness training works towards broad goals of overall health and well-being, rather than narrow goals of sport competition, larger muscles or concerns over appearance.

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General strength exercise

General strength exercises are the physical exercises that are used in overall body conditioning.

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Geniohyoid muscle

The geniohyoid muscle is a narrow muscle situated superior to the medial border of the mylohyoid muscle.

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Gerald Fischbach

Gerald D. Fischbach (born November 15, 1938) is an American neuroscientist.

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Geriatric rheumatology

Geriatric rheumatology is the branch of medicine that studies rheumatologic disorders in elderly (joints, muscles & other structures around the joints).

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Gilbert schema for Ulysses

This schema for the novel Ulysses was produced by its author, James Joyce, in 1921 to help his friend, Stuart Gilbert, understand the fundamental structure of the book.

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Giorgio Baglivi

Giorgio Baglivi (Georgius Baglivus; Gjuro Baglivi; September 8, 1668 – June 15, 1707), born and sometimes anglicized as was an Armenio-Italian physician and scientist.

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Girl

A girl is a young female human, usually a child or an adolescent.

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Glandulocaudinae

Glandulocaudinae is a subfamily of tropical characin fish from Central and South America.

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Glenoid cavity

The glenoid cavity or glenoid fossa of scapulaThe word glenoid is pronounced or (both are common) and is from gléne, "socket", reflecting the shoulder joint's ball-and-socket form.

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Glenroy Specialist School

Glenroy Specialist School provides education for students with physical disabilities from prep to year 12 in the northern region of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

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Glossary of medicine

This glossary of medical terms is a list of definitions about medicine, its sub-disciplines, and related fields.

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Glucocorticoid

Glucocorticoids are a class of corticosteroids, which are a class of steroid hormones.

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Glucose

Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.

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Glucose 6-phosphate

Glucose 6-phosphate (sometimes called the Robison ester) is a glucose sugar phosphorylated at the hydroxy group on carbon 6.

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Glutamate dehydrogenase 1

GLUD1 (glutamate dehydrogenase 1) is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme, one of the family of glutamate dehydrogenases that are ubiquitous in life, with a key role in nitrogen and glutamate (Glu) metabolism and energy homeostasis.

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Gluteal muscles

The gluteal muscles are a group of three muscles which make up the buttocks: the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.

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Gluteus medius

The gluteus medius one of the three gluteal muscles, is a broad, thick, radiating muscle, situated on the outer surface of the pelvis.

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Glycogen branching enzyme

1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme, also known as brancher enzyme or glycogen-branching enzyme is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GBE1 gene.

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Glycogen storage disease

A glycogen storage disease (GSD, also glycogenosis and dextrinosis) is a metabolic disorder caused by enzyme deficiencies affecting either glycogen synthesis, glycogen breakdown or glycolysis (glucose breakdown), typically within muscles and/or liver cells.

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Glycogen storage disease type I

Glycogen storage disease type I (GSD I) or von Gierke disease, is the most common of the glycogen storage diseases.

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Glycogen storage disease type III

Glycogen storage disease type III is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder and inborn error of metabolism (specifically of carbohydrates) characterized by a deficiency in glycogen debranching enzymes.

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Glycogenolysis

Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen (n) to glucose-6-phosphate and glycogen (n-1).

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Glycolysis

Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+.

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Glyptodon

Glyptodon (from Greek for "grooved or carved tooth" – Greek γλυπτός sculptured + ὀδοντ-, ὀδούς tooth) was a genus of large, armored mammals of the subfamily Glyptodontinae (glyptodonts or glyptodontines) – relatives of armadillos – that lived during the Pleistocene epoch.

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Gnathostomiasis

Gnathostomiasis (also known as larva migrans profundus) is the human infection caused by the nematode (roundworm) Gnathostoma spinigerum and/or Gnathostoma hispidum, which infects vertebrates.

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Gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy

This article is about gold nanoparticles in chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

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Golden poison frog

The golden poison frog (Phyllobates terribilis), also known as the golden frog, golden poison arrow frog, or golden dart frog, is a poison dart frog endemic to the Pacific coast of Colombia.

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Golfingia vulgaris

Golfingia vulgaris is a marine invertebrate belonging to the phylum Sipuncula, the peanut worms.

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Gou pi gao

Gou Pi Gao, is a medicinal herbal plaster that is often used in traditional Chinese medicine.

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Gowers' sign

Gowers' sign is a medical sign that indicates weakness of the proximal muscles, namely those of the lower limb.

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Graphism

Graphism refers to the "expression of thought in material symbols".

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Gray wolf

The gray wolf (Canis lupus), also known as the timber wolf,Paquet, P. & Carbyn, L. W. (2003).

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Grip strength

Grip strength is the force applied by the hand to pull on or suspend from objects and is a specific part of hand strength.

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Groovin' the Moo

Groovin the Moo is an annual music festival that is held in six regional centres across Australia.

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Group A streptococcal infection

A group A streptococcal infection is an infection with group A streptococcus (GAS).

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Growth differentiation factor

Growth differentiation factors (GDFs) are a subfamily of proteins belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that have functions predominantly in development.

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Growth hormone

Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin (or as human growth hormone in its human form), is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals.

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Growth hormone deficiency

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a medical condition due to not enough growth hormone (GH).

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Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency

Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency, also called GAMT deficiency, is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that primarily affects the nervous system and muscles.

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Gubernaculum (nematode anatomy)

In nematodes, the gubernaculum is a hardened or sclerotized structure in the wall that guides the protrusion of the spicule during copulation.

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Gut flora

Gut flora, or gut microbiota, or gastrointestinal microbiota, is the complex community of microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of humans and other animals, including insects.

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Gyrification

Gyrification is the process of forming the characteristic folds of the cerebral cortex.

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Haemophilia

Haemophilia, also spelled hemophilia, is a mostly inherited genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots, a process needed to stop bleeding.

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Haemophilia A

Haemophilia A (or hemophilia A) is a genetic deficiency in clotting factor VIII, which causes increased bleeding and usually affects males.

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Hammer

A hammer is a tool or device that delivers a blow (a sudden impact) to an object.

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Hamstring

In human anatomy, a hamstring is one of the three posterior thigh muscles in between the hip and the knee (from medial to lateral: semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris).

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Hand strength

Hand strength measurements are of interest to study pathology of the hand that involves loss of muscle strength.

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Hand surgery

The field of hand surgery deals with both surgical and non-surgical treatment of conditions and problems that may take place in the hand or upper extremity (commonly from the tip of the hand to the shoulder), American Society for Surgery of the Hand.

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Hans C. Bjerring

Hans Christian Bjerring (born May 30, 1931) is a Danish-Swedish vertebrate paleontologist and comparative anatomist.

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Haootia

Haootia quadriformis is an extinct animal belonging to the Ediacaran biota.

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Hardgainer

A hardgainer is an arbitrary label that describes a person who practices bodybuilding but finds it challenging to develop musculature regardless of the amount of effort put in.

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Harold Frost

Harold M. Frost (1921 – 19 June 2004) was an American orthopedist and surgeon considered to be one of the most important researchers and theorists in the field of bone biology and bone medicine of his time.

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Harvestman anatomy

Harvestmen are an order of arachnids, with which they share many characteristics: their body is divided into two body regions (tagmata), the abdomen (opisthosoma) and the cephalothorax (prosoma); however, unlike in spiders, the juncture is often poorly defined.

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Hazard

A hazard is an agent which has the potential to cause harm to a vulnerable target.

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Head and neck anatomy

This article describes the anatomy of the head and neck of the human body, including the brain, bones, muscles, blood vessels, nerves, glands, nose, mouth, teeth, tongue, and throat.

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Headhunter (video game)

Headhunter is an action-adventure video game developed by Amuze and published by Sega for Dreamcast and PlayStation 2.

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Heart

The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.

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Heat therapy

Heat therapy, also called thermotherapy, is the use of heat in therapy, such as for pain relief and health.

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Heating pad

A heating pad is a pad used for warming of parts of the body in order to manage pain.

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Heavy meromyosin

Heavy meromyosin (HMM) is the larger of the two fragments obtained from the muscle protein myosin II following limited proteolysis by trypsin or chymotrypsin.

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Hedgehog signaling pathway

The Hedgehog signaling pathway is a signaling pathway that transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper cell differentiation.

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Heikegani

is a species of crab native to Japan, with a shell that bears a pattern resembling a human face which many believed to be the face of an angry samurai hence the nickname Samurai Crab.

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Helicis minor

The Helicis minor (musculus helicis minor or smaller muscle of helix) is a small skeletal muscle.

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Helix (gastropod)

Helix is a genus of large air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs.

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Heller myotomy

Heller myotomy is a surgical procedure in which the muscles of the cardia (lower oesophageal sphincter or LOS) are cut, allowing food and liquids to pass to the stomach.

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Hemangioendothelioma

Hemangioendotheliomas are a family of vascular neoplasms of intermediate malignancy.

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Hemangiosarcoma

Hemangiosarcoma is a rapidly growing, highly invasive variety of cancer that occurs almost exclusively in dogs, and only rarely in cats, horses, mice, or humans.

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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood.

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Hemifacial hypertrophy

Hemifacial hypertrophy (also termed facial hemihypertrophy, facial hemihyperplasia, or Friedreich's disease) abbreviated as (HFH) is rare congenital disease characterized by unilateral enlargement of the head and teeth.

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Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin (American) or haemoglobin (British); abbreviated Hb or Hgb, is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates (with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates.

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Henri-Étienne Beaunis

Henri-Étienne Beaunis (2 August 1830, Amboise – 20 July 1921, Le Cannet) was a French physiologist and psychologist.

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Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy

Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure Palsy (HNPP) is a peripheral neuropathy, a disorder of the nerves.

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Hermann von Helmholtz

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (August 31, 1821 – September 8, 1894) was a German physician and physicist who made significant contributions in several scientific fields.

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Heterakis gallinarum

Heterakis gallinarum is a nematode parasite that lives in the cecum of some galliform birds, particularly in ground feeders such as domestic chickens and turkeys.

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Heteronemertea

Heteronemertea is a monophyletic order of about 500 species of nemertean worm.

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Hexane

Hexane is an alkane of six carbon atoms, with the chemical formula C6H14.

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HGH controversies

Controversies regarding the use of human growth hormone (HGH) as treatment method have centered on the claims, products, and businesses related to the use of growth hormone as an anti-aging therapy.

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High-dose estrogen

High-dose estrogen (HDE) is a type of hormone therapy in which high doses of estrogens are given.

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Highfields School, Matlock

Highfields School is a coeducational secondary comprehensive school located in Matlock, Derbyshire.

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History of anatomy in the 19th century

The history of anatomy in the 19th century saw anatomists largely finalise and systematise the descriptive human anatomy of the previous century.

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History of archery

The bow and arrow are known to have been invented by the end of the Upper Paleolithic, and for at least 10,000 years archery was an important military and hunting skill, and features prominently in the mythologies of many cultures.

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History of electrochemistry

Electrochemistry, a branch of chemistry, went through several changes during its evolution from early principles related to magnets in the early 16th and 17th centuries, to complex theories involving conductivity, electric charge and mathematical methods.

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History of mental disorders

For thousands of years, humans have tried to explain and control problematic behavior.

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History of neuroscience

From the ancient Egyptian mummifications to 18th century scientific research on "globules" and neurons, there is evidence of neuroscience practice throughout the early periods of history.

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Hitting the wall

In endurance sports such as cycling and running, hitting the wall or the bonk is a condition of sudden fatigue and loss of energy which is caused by the depletion of glycogen stores in the liver and muscles.

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HK2

Hexokinase 2 also known as HK2 is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the HK2 gene on chromosome 2.

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Hog-nosed skunk

The hog-nosed skunks belong to the genus Conepatus and are members of the family Mephitidae (skunks).

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Homeless Hare

Homeless Hare is a Merrie Melodies cartoon short starring Bugs Bunny, directed by Chuck Jones and released by Warner Bros. Cartoons, Inc.

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Homo naledi

Homo naledi is an extinct species of hominin, which anthropologists first described in September 2015 and have assigned to the genus Homo.

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Homocystinuria

Classical homocystinuria, also known as cystathionine beta synthase deficiency or CBS deficiency, is an inherited disorder of the metabolism of the amino acid methionine due to a deficiency of cystathionine beta synthase.

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Honor Harrington

Honor Stephanie Alexander-Harrington (née Honor Stephanie Harrington) is a fictional character invented in 1992 by writer David Weber as the heroine of the eponymous "Honorverse", a universe described in a series of best-selling military science fiction books set between 4003 and 4025 AD.

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HOPS stain

In histology, the HOPS stain is a way of marking tissue for microscopic examination.

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Horse behavior

Horse behavior is best understood from the view that horses are prey animals with a well-developed fight-or-flight response.

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Host (biology)

In biology and medicine, a host is an organism that harbours a parasitic, a mutualistic, or a commensalist guest (symbiont), the guest typically being provided with nourishment and shelter.

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Hot Wheels: AcceleRacers

Hot Wheels: AcceleRacers is an animated series of four films by Mattel.

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Hounsfield scale

The Hounsfield scale or CT numbers, named after Sir Godfrey Hounsfield, is a quantitative scale for describing radiodensity.

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HPS stain

In histology, the HPS stain, or hematoxylin phloxine saffron stain, is a way of marking tissues.

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Hsp27

Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) also known as heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPB1 gene.

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Hugh Huxley

Hugh Esmor Huxley MBE FRS (25 February 1924 – 25 July 2013) was a British molecular biologist who made important discoveries in the physiology of muscle.

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Human anus

The human anus (from Latin anus meaning "ring", "circle") is the external opening of the rectum.

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Human back

The human back is the large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders.

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Human biocomputer

The term human biocomputer, coined by John C. Lilly, refers to the "hardware" of the human anatomy.

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Human body

The human body is the entire structure of a human being.

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Human brain

The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.

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Human digestive system

The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder).

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Human embryogenesis

Human embryogenesis is the process of cell division and cellular differentiation of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development.

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Human eye

The human eye is an organ which reacts to light and pressure.

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Human liquor

Human liquor means waste content from bowels isolated to investigate specific enzymes and peptidases involved in enteric contraction and digestion of compounds.

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Human musculoskeletal system

The human musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system, and previously the activity system) is an organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems.

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Human reproductive system

The human reproductive system usually involves internal fertilization by sexual intercourse.

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Human skin

The human skin is the outer covering of the body.

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Human spaceflight

Human spaceflight (also referred to as crewed spaceflight or manned spaceflight) is space travel with a crew or passengers aboard the spacecraft.

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Human vestigiality

In the context of human evolution, human vestigiality involves those traits (such as organs or behaviors) occurring in humans that have lost all or most of their original function through evolution.

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Human-powered transport

Human-powered transport is the transport of person(s) and/or goods using human muscle power.

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Humanoid robot

A humanoid robot is a robot with its body shape built to resemble the human body.

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Humidity

Humidity is the amount of water vapor present in the air.

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Hyccin protein family

In molecular biology, the hyccin protein family is a family of proteins which may have a role in the beta-catenin-Tcf/Lef signaling pathway, as well as in the process of myelination of the central and peripheral nervous system.

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Hydra (genus)

Hydra is a genus of small, fresh-water organisms of the phylum Cnidaria and class Hydrozoa.

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Hydranencephaly

Hydranencephaly is a condition in which the brain's cerebral hemispheres are absent to varying degrees and the remaining cranial cavity is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

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Hydrostatic skeleton

A hydrostatic skeleton, or hydroskeleton, is a skeleton supported by fluid pressure.

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Hyoid bone

The hyoid bone (lingual bone or tongue-bone) is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage.

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Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis

Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP, HyperKPP) is a genetic disorder.

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Hypermobility (joints)

Hypermobility, also known as double-jointedness, describes joints that stretch farther than normal.

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Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia, also spelled hypokalaemia, is a low level of potassium (K+) in the blood serum.

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Hypomimia

Hypomimia (masked facies, masking of facies), a medical sign, is a reduced degree of facial expression.

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Hypophonia

Hypophonia is soft speech, especially resulting from a lack of coordination in the vocal musculature.

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Hypoventilation training

Hypoventilation training is a physical training method in which periods of exercise with reduced breathing frequency are interspersed with periods with normal breathing.

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Ibutamoren

Ibutamoren (developmental code names MK-677, MK-0677, L-163,191; former tentative brand name Oratrope) is a potent, long-acting, orally-active, selective, and non-peptide agonist of the ghrelin receptor and a growth hormone secretagogue, mimicking the growth hormone (GH)-stimulating action of the endogenous hormone ghrelin.

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ICD-10 Chapter XIII: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue

ICD-10 is an international statistical classification used in health care and related industries.

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ICD-10 Chapter XIX: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes

ICD-10 is an international statistical classification used in health care and related industries.

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ICD-10 Procedure Coding System

The ICD-10 Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) is an international system of medical classification used for procedural coding.

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ICD-9-CM Volume 3

ICD-9-CM Volume 3 is a system of procedural codes used by health insurers to classify medical procedures for billing purposes.

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Ideomotor phenomenon

Ideomotor phenomenon is a psychological phenomenon wherein a subject makes motions unconsciously.

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IL1A

Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) also known as hematopoietin 1 is a cytokine of the interleukin 1 family that in humans is encoded by the IL1A gene.

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Imperatoxin

Imperatoxin I (IpTx) is a peptide toxin derived from the venom of the African scorpion Pandinus imperator.

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In vitro muscle testing

In vitro muscle testing is a method used to characterize properties of living muscle tissue after having removed the tissue from an organism.

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In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy

In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a specialized technique associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

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Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism

Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism are inborn error of metabolism that affect the catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates.

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Inborn errors of metabolism

Inborn errors of metabolism form a large class of genetic diseases involving congenital disorders of metabolism.

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Index of anatomy articles

Articles related to anatomy include.

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Index of biochemistry articles

Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms.

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Index of biology articles

Biology is the study of life and its processes.

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Indian cobra

The Indian cobra (Naja naja) also known as the spectacled cobra, Asian cobra, or binocellate cobra is a species of the genus Naja found in the India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bhutan, and a member of the "big four" species that inflict the most snakebites on humans in India.

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Indium

Indium is a chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49.

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Infant bed

An infant bed (commonly called a cot in British English, and, in American English, a crib or cradle, or far less commonly, stock) is a small bed especially for infants and very young children.

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Inferior gemellus muscle

The inferior gemellus muscle is a muscle of the human body.

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Inferior rectus muscle

The inferior rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit.

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Inflammation

Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.

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Infrahyoid muscles

The infrahyoid muscles (strap muscles) are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior (frontal) part of the neck.

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Infraspinatus muscle

In human anatomy, the infraspinatus muscle is a thick triangular muscle, which occupies the chief part of the infraspinatous fossa.

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Ingestion

Ingestion is the consumption of a substance by an organism.

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Inhibitory gnosis

Inhibitory gnosis is a form of deep meditation into a trance state of mind.

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Injection (medicine)

Injection (often referred to as a "shot" in US English, or a "jab" in UK English) is the act of putting a liquid, especially a drug, into a person's body using a needle (usually a hypodermic needle) and a syringe.

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Inland taipan

The inland taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus), also commonly known as the western taipan, the small-scaled snake, or the fierce snake,White, Julian (November 1991).

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Inokashira Park dismemberment incident

The Inokashira Park dismemberment incident is an unsolved murder in Japan.

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Inosinic acid

Inosinic acid or inosine monophosphate (IMP) is a nucleoside monophosphate.

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Inositol trisphosphate

Inositol trisphosphate or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (also commonly known as triphosphoinositol; abbreviated InsP3 or Ins3P or IP3), together with diacylglycerol (DAG), is a secondary messenger molecule used in signal transduction and lipid signaling in biological cells.

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Inotrope

An inotrope is an agent that alters the force or energy of muscular contractions.

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Insect morphology

Insect morphology is the study and description of the physical form of insects.

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Insect mouthparts

Insects have a range of mouthparts, adapted to particular modes of feeding.

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Insect physiology

Insect physiology includes the physiology and biochemistry of insect organ systems.

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Insect thermoregulation

Insect thermoregulation is the process whereby insects maintain body temperatures within certain boundaries.

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Insect wing

Insect wings are adult outgrowths of the insect exoskeleton that enable insects to fly.

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Insulin resistance

Insulin resistance (IR) is a pathological condition in which cells fail to respond normally to the hormone insulin.

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Insulin-like growth factor 1

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also called somatomedin C, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF1 gene.

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Integrin alpha 11

Integrin alpha-11 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ITGA11 gene.

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Intention tremor

Intention tremor, also known as cerebellar tremor, is a dyskinetic disorder characterized by a broad, coarse, and low frequency (below 5 Hz) tremor.

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Intercostal muscle

Intercostal muscles are several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall.

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Intermediate fibers

Intermediate fibers, also known as fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers, are fast twitch muscle fibers which have been converted via endurance training.

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Intermuscular coherence

Intermuscular Coherence is a measure to quantify correlations between the activity of two muscles, which is often assessed using electromyography. The correlations in muscle activity are quantified in frequency domain, and therefore referred to as intermuscular coherence.

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Internal elastic lamina

The internal elastic lamina or internal elastic lamella is a layer of elastic tissue that forms the outermost part of the tunica intima of blood vessels.

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Interspinales muscles

The interspinales are short muscular fasciculi, placed in pairs between the spinous processes of the contiguous vertebrae, one on either side of the interspinal ligament.

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Interstitium

The interstitium is a contiguous fluid-filled space existing between the skin and the body organs, including muscles and the circulatory system.

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Intertransversarii

The intertransversarii are small muscles placed between the transverse processes of the vertebrae.

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Intramuscular injection

Intramuscular (also IM or im) injection is the injection of a substance directly into muscle.

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Invasive hydatidiform mole

Invasive hydatidiform mole, also known as invasive mole and chorioadenoma destruens is a type of neoplasia that grows into the muscular wall of the uterus.

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Iranian traditional medicine

Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), also known as Persian traditional medicine, Iranian-Islamic traditional medicine (IITM), traditional Iranian medicine (TIM), or simply traditional medicine (Persian: طب سنتی‌ ایرانی tebbe sonnati irāni) is one of famous and most ancient forms of traditional medicines.

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Iris sphincter muscle

The iris sphincter muscle (pupillary sphincter, pupillary constrictor, circular muscle of iris, circular fibers) is a muscle in the part of the eye called the iris.

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Isoinertial

Isoinertial denotes a type of resistance used in exercise training which maintains a constant inertia throughout the range of motion, facilitating a constant resistance and maximal muscle force in every angle.

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Isolytic muscle contraction

Isolytic contraction is when a muscle contracts while external forces cause it to lengthen.

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Isometric exercise

Isometric exercise or isometrics are a type of strength training in which the joint angle and muscle length do not change during contraction (compared to concentric or eccentric contractions, called dynamic/isotonic movements).

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ISpy (TV series)

iSpy is a British Children's television series.

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Itch

Itch (also known as pruritus) is a sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch.

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Ivermectin

Ivermectin is a medication that is effective against many types of parasites.

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Jack Daniels (coach)

Jack Tupper Daniels (born April 26, 1933) is a professor of physical education at A.T. Still University and a coach of Olympic athletes.

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Jake Layman

Jake Douglas Layman (born March 7, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

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Jakub Karol Parnas

Jakub Karol Parnas, also known as Yakov Oskarovich Parnas (Яков Оскарович Парнас) (January 16, 1884 – January 29, 1949) was a prominent Jewish-Polish–Soviet biochemist who contributed to the discovery of the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway, together with Otto Fritz Meyerhof and Gustav Georg Embden.

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Jamaican blackbird

The Jamaican blackbird (Nesopsar nigerrimus) is a species of bird in the New World blackbird and oriole family Icteridae.

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James Paget

Sir James Paget, 1st Baronet FRS HFRSE DCL (11 January 1814 – 30 December 1899) (rhymes with "gadget") was an English surgeon and pathologist who is best remembered for naming Paget's disease and who is considered, together with Rudolf Virchow, as one of the founders of scientific medical pathology.

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Jan Lexell

Jan Lexell (born March 13, 1958) is a Swedish physician and academic, who is a specialist in rehabilitation medicine and neurology.

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Jean-Pierre Morat

Jean-Pierre Morat (18 April 1846 – 25 July 1920) was a French physiologist born in Saint-Sorlin, department Saône-et-Loire.

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Jersey Finger

The Jersey Finger is a finger-related tendon injury that is common in athletics and can result in permanent loss of flexion of the end of the finger if not surgically repaired.

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John J. Glessner House

The John J. Glessner House, operated as the Glessner House Museum, is an architecturally important 19th-century residence located at 1800 S. Prairie Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.

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John Kendrew

Sir John Cowdery Kendrew, (24 March 1917 – 23 August 1997) was an English biochemist and crystallographer who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Max Perutz; their group in the Cavendish Laboratory investigated the structure of heme-containing proteins.

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John M Squire

John Michael Squire is Professor of Structural Biophysics in the University of London, a Visiting Professor at Imperial College London and a Research Fellow at the University of Bristol where he researches Muscle Contraction and Blood Vessel Glycocalyx Structure.

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John Macleod (physiologist)

Prof John James Rickard Macleod, FRS FRSE LLD (6 September 1876 – 16 March 1935) was a Scottish biochemist and physiologist.

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John Mayow

John Mayow FRS (1641–1679) was a chemist, physician, and physiologist who is remembered today for conducting early research into respiration and the nature of air.

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John Ostrom

John Harold Ostrom (February 18, 1928 – July 16, 2005) was an American paleontologist who revolutionized modern understanding of dinosaurs in the 1960s.

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Joint dislocation

A joint dislocation, also called luxation, occurs when there is an abnormal separation in the joint, where two or more bones meet.

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Joint lock

A joint lock is a grappling technique involving manipulation of an opponent's joints in such a way that the joints reach their maximal degree of motion.

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Joint replacement

Replacement arthroplasty (from Greek arthron, joint, limb, articulate, + plassein, to form, mould, forge, feign, make an image of), or joint replacement surgery, is a procedure of orthopedic surgery in which an arthritic or dysfunctional joint surface is replaced with an orthopedic prosthesis.

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Jonathan Moffett

Jonathan Phillip Moffett (born November 17, 1954), who goes by the stage name, "Sugarfoot", is an American drummer, songwriter and producer from New Orleans, Louisiana.

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Joseph Pilates

Joseph Hubertus Pilates (December 9, 1883 – October 9, 1967) was a German physical trainer notable for having invented and promoted the Pilates method of physical fitness.

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Julius Caesar Aranzi

Julius Caesar Aranzi (Giulio Cesare Aranzio, Arantius) (1529/1530 – April 7, 1589) was a leading figure in the history of the science of human anatomy.

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Julius Eugen Schlossberger

Julius Eugen Schlossberger (31 May 1819 in Stuttgart – 9 July 1860 in Tübingen), also spelled Julius Eugen Schloßberger, was a German physician and biochemist.

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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), also known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, is the most common form of arthritis in children and adolescents.

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Kaatsu

Kaatsu (Japanese: 加圧, often styled as KAATSU or KAATSU) is a patented exercise method developed by Dr.

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Kadiatu Lethbridge-Stewart

Kadiatu Lethbridge-Stewart is a fictional character from the Virgin New Adventures range of spin-offs based on the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who.

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Kaitai Shinsho

is a medical text translated into Japanese during the Edo period.

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Kappa-bungarotoxin

Kappa-bungarotoxin (often written κ-Bgt; historically also called toxin F) is a protein neurotoxin of the bungarotoxin family that is found in the venom of the many-banded krait, a snake found in Taiwan.

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Karim Benzema

Karim Mostafa Benzema (born 19 December 1987) is a French professional footballer who plays as a striker for Spanish club Real Madrid and the France national team.

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Kashaka

The kashaka is a simple percussion instrument consisting of two small gourds filled with beans (essentially, two small maracas connected by a string.) One gourd is held in the hand and the other is quickly swung from side to side around the hand, creating a "clack" sound upon impact.

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Kinesiological stretching

Kinesiological Stretching is a type of neuromuscular physical exercise meant for stretching a particular muscle.

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Kinesiology

Kinesiology is the scientific study of human or non-human body movement.

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Kinomichi

is a martial art in the tradition of budō, developed from the Japanese art aikido by Masamichi Noro and founded in Paris, France, in 1979.

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Kiss

A kiss is the touch or pressing of one's lips against another person or an object.

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Kitefin shark

The kitefin shark or seal shark (Dalatias licha) is a species of dogfish shark in the family Dalatiidae, and the only species in its genus.

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Klippel–Feil syndrome

Klippel–Feil syndrome is a rare disease, initially reported in 1884 by Maurice Klippel and André Feil from France, characterized by the congenital fusion of any two of the seven cervical vertebrae.

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Kohnstamm's phenomenon

First described by German neurologist Oskar Kohnstamm (1871–1917) in 1915, Kohnstamm's phenomenon is a sustained involuntary contraction of a muscle after a prolonged voluntary contraction.

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Kosovo student poisoning

The Kosovo student poisoning refers to the alleged poisoning of thousands of Kosovan young people by toxic gases that occurred on 22 March 1990. As a result of a lack of information this incident was named the "mysterious disease" at first. Many had fainted, vomited or had violent convulsions. Almost all had inflamed eyes and a distinct facial flushing. The disease continued to strike the population for the rest of the year and 7,421 Albanian Kosovars were stricken with illness. Since then many researches have been made by Albanian nuclear experts without excluding foreign ones and they have been persistently confronted with a failure to reveal a common conclusion.Wassenius, Goran. The mysterious disease Serbian and some foreign researchers conclude a mass hysteria.

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Krabbe disease

Krabbe disease (KD) (also known as globoid cell leukodystrophy or galactosylceramide lipidosis) is a rare and often fatal lysosomal storage disease that results in progressive damage to the nervous system.

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KSPA

KSPA is a commercial radio station located in Ontario, California, broadcasting to the Inland Empire area on 1510 AM.

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Kudoa thyrsites

Kudoa thyrsites is a myxosporean parasite of marine fishes.

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Laboratory of Molecular Biology

The Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) is a research institute in Cambridge, England, involved in the revolution in molecular biology which occurred in the 1950–60s, since then it remains a major medical research laboratory with a much broader focus.

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Lactate threshold

Lactate inflection point (LIP), is the exercise intensity at which the blood concentration of lactate and/or lactic acid begins to exponentially increase.

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Lactic acid

Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)COOH.

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Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome

Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness of the limbs.

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Laminopathy

Laminopathies (lamino- + -opathy) are a group of rare genetic disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins of the nuclear lamina.

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Laminotomy

A laminotomy is an orthopaedic neurosurgical procedure that removes part of the lamina of a vertebral arch in order to relieve pressure in the vertebral canal.

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Lamprey

Lampreys (sometimes also called, inaccurately, lamprey eels) are an ancient lineage of jawless fish of the order Petromyzontiformes, placed in the superclass Cyclostomata.

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Language deprivation

Language deprivation is associated with the lack of linguistic stimuli that are necessary for the language acquisition processes in an individual.

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Laparotomy

A laparotomy is a surgical procedure involving a large incision through the abdominal wall to gain access into the abdominal cavity.

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Large-cell lung carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype

Large cell lung carcinoma with rhabdoid phenotype (LCLC-RP) is a rare histological form of lung cancer, currently classified as a variant of large cell lung carcinoma (LCLC).

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Largest organisms

The largest organisms found on Earth can be determined according to various aspects of an organism's size, such as: mass, volume, area, length, height, or even genome size.

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Lasiognathus

Lasiognathus is a genus of deep-sea anglerfish in the family Thaumatichthyidae, with six species known from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

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Lateral rectus muscle

The lateral rectus muscle is a muscle on the lateral side of the eyeball in the orbit.

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Lateralization of bird song

Passerine birds produce song through the vocal organ, the syrinx, which is composed of bilaterally symmetric halves located where the trachea separates into the two bronchi.

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Lateralization of brain function

The lateralization of brain function is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other.

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László Harasztosi

László Harasztosi, also known as Lazlo Hypnotist, is a psychic, bioenergeticist, and alternative medicine practitioner.

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Le Pétomane

Le Pétomane was the stage name of the French flatulist (professional farter) and entertainer Joseph Pujol (June 1, 1857 – 1945).

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Le Pétomane (film)

Le Pétomane is a 1979 British short humorous film based on the life of Le Pétomane, the stage name of the late 19th century French flatulist (professional farter) and entertainer Joseph Pujol who was famous for his remarkable control of the abdominal muscles, which enabled him to seemingly fart at will and whose 'farting' performances at the Moulin Rouge in Paris drove his audiences to hysterics.

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Lee Sweeney

H.

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Leg

A leg is a weight bearing and locomotive anatomical structure, usually having a columnar shape.

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Leg shaving

Leg shaving is the practice of removing leg hair by shaving the hair off using a razor or electric shaver.

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Leglock

A leglock is a joint lock that is directed at joints of the leg such as the ankle, knee or hip joint.

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Leiopelmatidae

The Leiopelmatidae are the family of New Zealand primitive frogs, belonging to the suborder Archaeobatrachia.

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Lek paradox

The lek paradox is the conundrum of how additive or beneficial genetic variation is maintained in lek mating species, in the face of consistent female preferences, sexual selection.

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Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 14522 May 1519), more commonly Leonardo da Vinci or simply Leonardo, was an Italian polymath of the Renaissance, whose areas of interest included invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany, writing, history, and cartography.

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Leptictidium

Leptictidium (meaning "graceful weasel" in Latin) is an extinct genus of small mammals; together with macropods, giant pangolins, and humans, they are the only known completely bipedal mammals.

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Les Mills International

Les Mills International is a New Zealand company that operates internationally and offers choreographed exercise-to-music group fitness classes distributed to health clubs.

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Lesch–Nyhan syndrome

Lesch–Nyhan syndrome (LNS), also known as juvenile gout, is a rare inherited disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), produced by mutations in the HPRT gene located on the X chromosome.

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Levator anguli oris

The levator anguli oris (caninus) is a facial muscle of the mouth arising from the canine fossa, immediately below the infraorbital foramen.

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Levator ani

The levator ani is a broad, thin muscle, situated on either side of the pelvis.

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Levator labii superioris

The levator labii superioris (or quadratus labii superioris) is a muscle of the human body used in facial expression.

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Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle

The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle is, translated from Latin, the "lifter of both the upper lip and of the wing of the nose".

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Levator palpebrae superioris muscle

The levator palpebrae superioris (Latin for: elevating muscle of upper eyelid) is the muscle in the orbit that elevates the superior (upper) eyelid.

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Levator veli palatini

The levator veli palatini is the elevator muscle of the soft palate in the human body.

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LGD-4033

LGD-4033 (VK5211, Ligandrol) is an investigational selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) for treatment of conditions such as muscle wasting and osteoporosis, discovered by Ligand Pharmaceuticals and currently under development by Viking Therapeutics.

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Ligament

A ligament is the fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones.

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Ligamentous laxity

Ligamentous laxity, or ligament laxity, means loose ligaments.

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Limb bud

The limb bud is a structure formed early in vertebrate limb development.

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Limb development

Limb development in vertebrates is an area of active research in both developmental and evolutionary biology, with much of the latter work focused on the transition from fin to limb.

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Limbs of the horse

The limbs of the horse are structures made of dozens of bones, joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments that support the weight of the equine body.

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Linati schema for Ulysses

This schema for the novel Ulysses was produced by Joyce in 1920 to help a friend (Carlo Linati) understand the fundamental structure of the book.

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Linburg–Comstock variation and syndrome

Linburg–Comstock variation or Linburg–Comstock syndrome is an occasional tendinous connection between the flexor pollicis longus and the flexor digitorum profundus of the index, the middle finger or both.

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Linea aspera

The linea aspera (rough line) is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior surface of the shaft of the femur, to which are attached muscles and intermuscular septum.

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Liniment

Liniment (or embrocation), from the Latin linere, to anoint, is a medicated topical preparation for application to the skin.

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Lipoatrophia semicircularis

Lipoatrophia semicircularis (also known as semicircular lipoatrophy) is a medical condition in humans, commonly known as ribbed thighs.

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Lipolysis

Lipolysis is the breakdown of lipids and involves hydrolysis of triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids.

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Lipoprotein

A lipoprotein is a biochemical assembly whose purpose is to transport hydrophobic lipid (a.k.a. fat) molecules in water, as in blood or extracellular fluid.

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List of -ectomies

The surgical terminology suffix "-ectomy" was taken from Greek εκ-τομια.

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List of biophysically important macromolecular crystal structures

Crystal structures of protein and nucleic acid molecules and their complexes are central to the practice of most parts of biophysics, and have shaped much of what we understand scientifically at the atomic-detail level of biology.

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List of contaminated cell lines

Many cell lines that are widely used for biomedical research have been contaminated and overgrown by other, more aggressive cells.

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List of Cowboy Bebop characters

The following is a list of major and minor characters, with biographical information, from the anime and manga series Cowboy Bebop, directed by Shinichirō Watanabe and written by Keiko Nobumoto.

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List of cutaneous conditions

Many conditions affect the human integumentary system—the organ system covering the entire surface of the body and composed of skin, hair, nails, and related muscle and glands.

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List of Deltora Quest characters

The ''Deltora'' series features a wide line of characters, both important and minor.

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List of Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas characters

Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas is an open world action adventure video game that was first released on October 26, 2004.

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List of He-Man and the Masters of the Universe episodes

The following is a list of episodes for the 1980s animated series He-Man and the Masters of the Universe.

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List of human endocrine organs and actions

The pituitary gland (or hypophysis) is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing in humans.

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List of human hormones

The following is a list of hormones found in Homo sapiens.

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List of ICD-9 codes 710–739: diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue

13.

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List of ICD-9 codes 800–999: injury and poisoning

The List of ICD-9 codes 800–999: injury and poisoning is one of the ranges International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems codes.

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List of instruments used in ophthalmology

This is a list of instruments used in ophthalmology.

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List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes

This is a list of roots, suffixes, and prefixes used in medical terminology, their meanings, and their etymology.

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List of MeSH codes (A02)

The following is a list of the "A" codes for MeSH.

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List of MeSH codes (A10)

The following is a list of the "A" codes for MeSH.

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List of MeSH codes (C04)

The following is a list of the "C" codes for MeSH.

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List of MeSH codes (C05)

The following is a list of the "C" codes for MeSH.

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List of MeSH codes (C10)

The following is a list of the "C" codes for MeSH.

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List of MeSH codes (D12.776)

This is part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.

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List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded annually by the Swedish Karolinska Institute to scientists and doctors in the various fields of physiology or medicine.

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List of parasites of humans

* Parasites Category:Foodborne illnesses.

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List of Rees's Cyclopædia articles

The Cyclopædia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature is an important 19th century British encyclopædia edited by Rev.

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List of skeletal muscles of the human body

This is a table of skeletal muscles of the human anatomy.

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List of songs about Sydney

This is a list of songs which mention or are about Sydney, the capital city of New South Wales, Australia, as well as the suburbs of Sydney.

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List of Static enemies

A enemies of the DC Comics superhero Static.

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List of Static Shock characters

This is a list of characters who appear in the superhero TV series Static Shock.

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List of surgical procedures

The names of many surgical procedure names can be broken into parts to indicate the meaning.

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List of systems of the human body

The main systems of the human body are.

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List of The Magic School Bus episodes

This is a list of episodes of the children's television series The Magic School Bus, which is based on the series of books of the same name written by Joanna Cole.

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List of Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger characters

Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger is a 2004–2005 Japanese children's television series in the Super Sentai series.

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List of transitional fossils

This is a tentative partial list of transitional fossils (fossil remains of groups that exhibits both "primitive" and derived traits).

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List of vaginal tumors

Vaginal tumors are neoplasms (tumors) found in the vagina.

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List of Voltron characters

This is a list of characters from the Voltron series.

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Loa loa filariasis

Loa loa filariasis is a skin and eye disease caused by the nematode worm Loa loa.

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Local anesthesia

Local anesthesia is any technique to induce the absence of sensation in a specific part of the body, generally for the aim of inducing local analgesia, that is, local insensitivity to pain, although other local senses may be affected as well.

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Local anesthetic

A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes reversible absence of pain sensation, although other senses are often affected, as well.

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Long thoracic nerve

The long thoracic nerve (external respiratory nerve of Bell; posterior thoracic nerve) supplies the serratus anterior muscle.

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Longus colli muscle

The Longus colli muscle (Latin for long muscle of the neck) is a muscle of the human body.

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Lordosis behavior

Lordosis behavior, also known as mammalian lordosis (Greek lordōsis, from lordos "bent backward") or presenting, is the naturally occurring body posture for sexual receptivity to copulation present in most mammals including rodents, elephants, and felines.

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Louis Ptáček

Louis Ptáček is an American neurologist and professor who contributed greatly to the field of genetics and neuroscience.

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Louping ill

Louping-ill (also known as Ovine Encephalomyelitis, Infectious Encephalomyelitis of Sheep, Trembling-ill) is an acute viral disease primarily of sheep that is characterized by a biphasic fever, depression, ataxia, muscular incoordination, tremors, posterior paralysis, coma, and death. Louping-ill is a tick-transmitted disease whose occurrence is closely related to the distribution of the primary vector, the sheep tick Ixodes ricinus. It also causes disease in red grouse, and can affect humans. The name 'louping-ill' is derived from an old Scottish word describing the effect of the disease in sheep whereby they 'loup' or spring into the air.

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Lower motor neuron

Lower motor neurons (LMNs) are motor neurons located in either the anterior grey column, anterior nerve roots (spinal lower motor neurons) or the cranial nerve nuclei of the brainstem and cranial nerves with motor function (cranial nerve lower motor neurons).

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Lower motor neuron lesion

A lower motor neuron lesion is a lesion which affects nerve fibers traveling from the ventral horn or anterior grey column of the spinal cord to the relevant muscle(s) – the lower motor neuron.

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Lower-limb walking pattern

The function of the lower limbs during walking is to support the whole-body against gravitational forces while generating movement patterns which progress the body forward.

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Luigi Galvani

Luigi Aloisio Galvani (Aloysius Galvanus; 9 September 1737 – 4 December 1798) was an Italian physician, physicist, biologist and philosopher, who discovered animal electricity.

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Lujan–Fryns syndrome

Lujan–Fryns syndrome (LFS), also referred to as X-linked mental retardation with Marfanoid habitus and Lujan syndrome, is an X-linked genetic disorder that causes mild to moderate intellectual disability and features described as Marfanoid habitus, referring to a group of physical characteristics similar to those found in Marfan syndrome.

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Lumbar

In tetrapod anatomy, lumbar is an adjective that means of or pertaining to the abdominal segment of the torso, between the diaphragm and the sacrum. The lumbar region is sometimes referred to as the lower spine, or as an area of the back in its proximity.

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Lumbar anterior root stimulator

A lumbar anterior root stimulator is a type of neuroprosthesis used in patients suffering from a spinal cord injury or to treat some forms of chronic spinal pain.

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Lumbricals of the hand

The lumbricals are intrinsic muscles of the hand that flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints.

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Lung

The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and many other animals including a few fish and some snails.

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Lydia Maria Adams DeWitt

Lydia Maria Adams DeWitt, born Lydia Maria Adams (February 1, 1859 – March 10, 1928) was an American pathologist and anatomist.

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Machine fly

A machine fly, alternatively called a seated lever fly or "Pec Dec" fly is a strength training exercise based on the free weight chest fly.

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Magnetomyography

Magnetomyography (MMG) is a technique for mapping muscle activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents occurring naturally in the muscles, using arrays of SQUIDs (superconducting quantum interference devices).

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Magnus Blix

Magnus Gustaf Blix (25 December 1849 – 14 February 1904) was a Swedish physiologist born in the parish Säbrå, presently located in Härnösand Municipality.

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Magosternarchus

Magosternarchus is a genus of weakly electric knifefish in the family Apteronotidae, containing two species.

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Majungasaurus

Majungasaurus ("Mahajanga lizard") is a genus of abelisaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in Madagascar from 70 to 66 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous Period.

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Malignant triton tumor

Malignant triton tumor (MTT) is a relatively rare, aggressive tumor made up of both malignant schwannoma cells and malignant rhabdomyoblasts.

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MamL-1 domain

In molecular biology there are a number of neurogenic proteins referred to as mastermind-like proteins (MAMLs) of which this domain is the N-terminal region.

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Man

A man is a male human.

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Man of Steel (film)

Man of Steel is a 2013 superhero film based on the DC Comics character Superman.

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Management of multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS).

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Management of scoliosis

The management of scoliosis is complex and is determined by the severity of the curvature and skeletal maturity, which together help predict the likelihood of progression.

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Mancuerda

Mancuerda was a method of torture.

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Manuel Córdova-Rios

Manuel Córdova-Rios (November 22, 1887 – November 22, 1978) was a vegetalista (herbalist) of the upper Amazon, and the subject of several popular books.

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MAPK12

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 (MAP kinase 12), also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 6 (ERK6) or stress-activated protein kinase 3 (SAPK3), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK12 gene.

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Marathon

The marathon is a long-distance race, completed by running, walking, or a run/walk strategy.

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Marbled electric ray

The marbled electric ray (Torpedo marmorata) is a species of electric ray in the family Torpedinidae found in the coastal waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean from the North Sea to South Africa.

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Marc Stevens (actor)

Marc Stevens (September 2, 1943 – January 28, 1989), was an American erotic performer.

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Marine mammal

Marine mammals are aquatic mammals that rely on the ocean and other marine ecosystems for their existence.

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Mars to Stay

Mars to Stay missions propose astronauts sent to Mars for the first time should intend to stay.

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Massage

Massage is to work and act on the body with pressure.

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Master Shake

Master Shake (often shortened to Shake or Cup) is a fictional character on the Adult Swim animated television series Aqua Teen Hunger Force (also known by various alternative titles).

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Masticatory muscle myositis

Masticatory muscle myositis (MMM) is an inflammatory disease in dogs affecting the muscles of mastication (chewing).

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Maung Thaw Ka

Maung Thaw Ka was the pen name of retired Major Ba Thaw (Navy).

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Mauthner cell

The Mauthner cells are a pair of big and easily identifiable neurons (one for each half of the body) located in the rhombomere 4 of the hindbrain in fish and amphibians that are responsible for a very fast escape reflex (in the majority of animals – a so-called C-start response).

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Mécanisme de la physionomie humaine

Mécanisme de la physionomie humaine.

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McLeod syndrome

McLeod syndrome (or McLeod phenomenon) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that may affect the blood, brain, peripheral nerves, muscle, and heart.

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Measuring instrument

A measuring instrument is a device for measuring a physical quantity.

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Meat

Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.

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Mechanomyogram

The mechanomyogram (MMG) is the mechanical signal observable from the surface of a muscle when the muscle is contracted.

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MED28

Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 28 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MED28 gene.

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Medial rectus muscle

The medial rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit.

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Medical ultrasound

Medical ultrasound (also known as diagnostic sonography or ultrasonography) is a diagnostic imaging technique based on the application of ultrasound.

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Medulla oblongata

The medulla oblongata (or medulla) is located in the brainstem, anterior and partially inferior to the cerebellum.

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Megarectum

Megarectum is a large rectum as a result of underlying nerve supply abnormalities or muscle dysfunction, which remains after disimpaction of the rectum.

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Mehmet Kurt

Mehmet Kurt (born 1 January 1947, in Ceyhan, Turkey) is the son of Mehmet Kurt, who was Ceyhan's most significant and well known community leader and landowner.

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Merkel-cell carcinoma

Merkel-cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly aggressive skin cancer, which, in most cases, is caused by the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) discovered by scientists at the University of Pittsburgh in 2008.

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Meromyosin

In Human anatomy, Myosin, of which meromyosin is a part of, along with actin constitute the basic functional unit of a muscle fiber, called Sarcomere.

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MERRF syndrome

MERRF syndrome (or myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers) is a mitochondrial disease.

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Mesenchymal stem cell

Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue).

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Metabolic age

Metabolic age is calculated by comparing one's basal metabolic rate to the average of one's chronological age group.

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Metabolic window

The metabolic window (also called the anabolic window) is a term used in strength training to describe the 30-minute (give or take, dependent on the individual) period after exercise during which nutrition can shift the body from a catabolic state to an anabolic one.

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Metabolism

Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.

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Metalloprotease inhibitor

Metalloprotease inhibitors are cellular inhibitors of the Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

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Metenolone

Metenolone, or methenolone, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) which is used in the form of esters such as metenolone acetate (brand name Primobolan, Nibal) and metenolone enanthate (brand name Primobolan Depot, Nibal Injection).

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Methyl-DOB

Methyl-DOB, or 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-methylamphetamine, is a lesser-known psychedelic drug.

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Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase

Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM), mitochondrial, also known as methylmalonyl-CoA isomerase, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MUT gene.

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Metmyoglobin

Metmyoglobin is the oxidised form of the oxygen-carrying hemeprotein myoglobin.

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Michael Zullo

Michael Zullo (born 11 September 1988) is an Australian professional footballer who plays for Sydney FC of the A-League.

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Microtrauma

Microtrauma is the general term given to small injuries to the body.

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Microtubule nucleation

In cell biology, microtubule nucleation is the event that initiates de novo formation of microtubules (MTs).

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Microwave burn

Microwave burns are burn injuries caused by thermal effects of microwave radiation absorbed in a living organism.

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Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle

The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a fanshaped muscle located in the neck.

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Migraine treatment

Migraine treatment may be either prophylactic (preventive) or abortive (rescue).

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Mike Bate

Christopher Michael Bate FRS (born 21 December 1943) is an Emeritus Professor of developmental biology at the Department of Zoology and fellow at King's College, Cambridge.

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Mike Gregory

Michael Keith 'Mike' Gregory (20 May 1964 – 19 November 2007) was an English rugby league player and coach.

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Mineral lick

A mineral lick (also known as a salt lick) is a place where animals can go to lick essential mineral nutrients from a deposit of salts and other minerals.

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MIRA procedure

MIRA (Minimally Invasive Reconstructive Angiography) is a multidisciplinary and complementary method for treating many chronic diseases.

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Mitochondrial disease

Mitochondrial diseases are a group of disorders caused by dysfunctional mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell.

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Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency

Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency is an autosomal recessive fatty acid oxidation disordersubscription needed that prevents the body from converting certain fats to energy, particularly during periods without food.

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Mitochondrion

The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.

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MK-0773

MK-0773, also known as PF-05314882, is a steroidal, orally active selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) that was under development by Merck and GTx for the treatment of sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass) in women and men.

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MM

MM or variants may refer to.

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Moa

The moa were nine species (in six genera) of flightless birds endemic to New Zealand.

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Modic changes

Modic changes are pathological changes in the bones of the spine, the vertebrae.

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Molecular machine

A molecular machine, nanite, or nanomachine, refers to any discrete number of molecular components that produce quasi-mechanical movements (output) in response to specific stimuli (input).

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Monkeypox

Monkeypox is an infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus.

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Monofin

A monofin is a type of swimfin typically used in underwater sports such as finswimming, free-diving and underwater orienteering.

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Moorbad Gmös

The peat therapy resort Moorbad Gmös in the vicinity of the town of Laakirchen (situated on the edge of the Salzkammergut) is one of the few bogs in the Alpine foothills of Upper Austria.

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Morell Mackenzie

Sir Morell Mackenzie (7 July 1837 – 3 February 1892) was a British physician, one of the pioneers of laryngology in the United Kingdom.

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Morley Kare

Dr.

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Mormyridae

The family Mormyridae, sometimes called "elephantfish" (more properly freshwater elephantfish), are freshwater fish in the order Osteoglossiformes native to Africa.

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Morning sickness

Morning sickness, also called nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), is a symptom of pregnancy that involves nausea or vomiting.

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Morpholino

A Morpholino, also known as a Morpholino oligomer and as a phosphorodiamidate Morpholino oligomer (PMO), is a type of oligomer molecule (colloquially, an oligo) used in molecular biology to modify gene expression.

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Morvan's syndrome

Morvan's syndrome, or Morvan's fibrillary chorea (MFC), is a rare autoimmune disease named after the nineteenth century French physician Augustin Marie Morvan.

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Most Muscular

The most muscular is a common bodybuilding pose, often used to highlight as much of a contestant's muscle repertoire as possible by demonstrating the maximum mass of muscle to the judging panel.

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Motility

Motility is the ability of an organism to move independently, using metabolic energy.

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Motor nerve

A motor nerve is a nerve located in the central nervous system (CNS), usually the spinal cord, that sends motor signals from the CNS to the muscles of the body.This is different from the motor neuron, which includes a cell body and branching of dendrites, while the nerve is made up of a bundle of axons.

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Motor neuron

A motor neuron (or motoneuron) is a neuron whose cell body is located in the motor cortex, brainstem or the spinal cord, and whose axon (fiber) projects to the spinal cord or outside of the spinal cord to directly or indirectly control effector organs, mainly muscles and glands.

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Motor pool (neuroscience)

A motor pool consists of all individual motor neurons that innervate a single muscle.

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Motor protein

Motor proteins are a class of molecular motors that can move along the cytoplasm of animal cells.

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Motor system

The motor system is the part of the central nervous system that is involved with movement.

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Motor unit

A motor unit is made up of a motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by that motor neuron's axonal terminals.

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MPV17

Protein MPV17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MPV17 gene.

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MRAS

Ras-related protein M-Ras, also known as muscle RAS oncogene homolog and R-Ras3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRAS gene on chromosome 3.

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Mulibrey nanism

Mulibrey nanism ("MUscle-LIver-BRain-EYe nanism"), also called Perheentupa syndrome and pericardial constriction with growth failure, is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder.

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Multielectrode array

| --> Multielectrode arrays (MEAs) or microelectrode arrays are devices that contain multiple plates or shanks through which neural signals are obtained or delivered, essentially serving as neural interfaces that connect neurons to electronic circuitry.

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Muscle (disambiguation)

A muscle is a contractile tissue in an animal's body used especially for movement.

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Muscle arms

Muscle arms are body wall muscle (BWM) membrane extensions that connect the BWMs to the motor axons of the dorsal and ventral nerve cords in the nematode worm C. elegans.

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Muscle atrophy

Muscle atrophy is defined as a decrease in the mass of the muscle; it can be a partial or complete wasting away of muscle, and is most commonly experienced when persons suffer temporary disabling circumstances such as being restricted in movement and/or confined to bed as when hospitalized.

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Muscle biopsy

In medicine, a muscle biopsy is a procedure in which a piece of muscle tissue is removed from an organism and examined microscopically.

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Muscle contraction

Muscle contraction is the activation of tension-generating sites within muscle fibers.

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Muscle fatigue

Muscle fatigue is the decline in ability of a muscle to generate force.

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Muscle memory

Muscle memory has been used synonymously with motor learning, which is a form of procedural memory that involves consolidating a specific motor task into memory through repetition.

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Muscle memory (strength training)

Muscle memory has been used to describe the observation that various muscle-related tasks seem to be easier to perform after previous practice, even if the task has not been performed for a while.

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Muscle spindle

Muscle spindles are stretch receptors within the body of a muscle that primarily detect changes in the length of the muscle.

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Muscle tissue

Muscle tissue is a soft tissue that composes muscles in animal bodies, and gives rise to muscles' ability to contract.

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Muscle tissue neoplasm

A muscle tissue neoplasm is a neoplasm derived from muscle.

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Muscles of respiration

The muscles of respiration are those muscles that contribute to inhalation and exhalation, by aiding in the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity.

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Muscles of the hip

In human anatomy, the muscles of the hip joint are those muscles that cause movement in the hip.

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Muscular evolution in humans

Muscular evolution in humans is an overview of the muscular adaptations made by humans from their early ancestors to the modern man.

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Muscular hydrostat

A muscular hydrostat is a biological structure found in animals.

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Muscular layer

The muscular layer (muscular coat, muscular fibers, muscularis propria, muscularis externa) is a region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa.

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Muscular system

The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles.

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Muscularis mucosae

The lamina muscularis mucosae (or muscularis mucosae) is a thin layer (lamina) of muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, located outside the lamina propria and separating it from the submucosa.

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Musculoskeletal disorder

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries or pain in the human musculoskeletal system, including the joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves, tendons, and structures that support limbs, neck and back.

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Musculoskeletal physiology

Musculoskeletal physiology is the branch of physiology which addresses the processes of musculoskeletal system.

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Myalgia

Myalgia, or muscle pain, is a symptom of many diseases and disorders.

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Mydriasis

Mydriasis is the dilation of the pupil, usually having a non-physiological cause, or sometimes a physiological pupillary response.

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MYH15

Myosin-15 also known as myosin, heavy chain 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYH15 gene.

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MYH16 gene

The MYH16 gene encodes a protein called myosin heavy chain 16 which is a muscle protein in mammals.

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MYH7B

Myosin-7B also known as myosin, heavy chain 7B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYH7B gene.

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Mylohyoid muscle

The mylohyoid muscle is a paired muscle running from the mandible to the hyoid bone, forming the floor of the oral cavity of the mouth.

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Myo

Myo or MYO may refer to.

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Myocardial disarray

Myocardial disarray, also known as myocyte disarray, is a term to describe the loss of the normal parallel alignment of myocytes (the muscle cells of the heart).

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Myoclonus

Myoclonus is a brief, involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles.

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Myocyte

A myocyte (also known as a muscle cell) is the type of cell found in muscle tissue.

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Myofascial release

Myofascial release (MFR, self-myofascial release) is an alternative medicine therapy that claims to treat skeletal muscle immobility and pain by relaxing contracted muscles, improving blood and lymphatic circulation, and stimulating the stretch reflex in muscles.

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Myofascial trigger point

Myofascial trigger points, also known as trigger points, are described as hyperirritable spots in the fascia surrounding skeletal muscle.

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Myofibroblast

A myofibroblast is a cell that is in between a fibroblast and a smooth muscle cell in phenotype.

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Myofilament

Myofilaments are the filaments of myofibrils, constructed from proteins, principally myosin or actin.

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Myogenic mechanism

The myogenic mechanism is how arteries and arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow within the blood vessel constant.

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Myogenic tone

Myogenic tone is a state of muscle tone in living creatures that originates from the muscle itself rather than from the autonomic nervous system or from hormone processes.

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Myoglobin

Myoglobin (symbol Mb or MB) is an iron- and oxygen-binding protein found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates in general and in almost all mammals.

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Myoglobinuria

Myoglobinuria is the presence of myoglobin in the urine, usually associated with rhabdomyolysis or muscle destruction.

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Myology

Myology is the study of the muscular system, including the study of the structure, function and diseases of muscle.

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Myolysis

Myolysis may refer to.

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Myopathy

Myopathy is a disease of the muscle in which the muscle fibers do not function properly.

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Myosatellite cell

Myosatellite cells or satellite cells are small multipotent cells with virtually no cytoplasm found in mature muscle.

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Myosin

Myosins are a superfamily of motor proteins best known for their roles in muscle contraction and in a wide range of other motility processes in eukaryotes.

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Myosin head

Muscle contraction is caused by the sliding action of thick filaments over thin filaments of the myofibril.

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Myosin light-chain kinase

Myosin light-chain kinase also known as MYLK or MLCK is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that phosphorylates a specific myosin light chain, namely, the regulatory light chain of myosin II.

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Myositis

Myositis is inflammation or swelling of the muscles.

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Myostatin

Myostatin (also known as growth differentiation factor 8, abbreviated GDF-8) is a myokine, a protein produced and released by myocytes that acts on muscle cells' autocrine function to inhibit myogenesis: muscle cell growth and differentiation.

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Myotomy

Myotomy describes a surgical procedure in which muscle is cut.

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Myotonic dystrophy

Myotonic dystrophy is a long term genetic disorder that affects muscle function.

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Myotoxin

Myotoxins are small, basic peptides found in snake venoms, (e.g. rattlesnakes), and lizard venoms (e.g. mexican beaded lizard).

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Myoxocephalus

Myoxocephalus is a genus of fish in the sculpin family Cottidae.

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Myxobolus cerebralis

Myxobolus cerebralis is a myxosporean parasite of salmonids (salmon, trout, and their allies) that causes whirling disease in farmed salmon and trout and also in wild fish populations.

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Myxosporea

Myxosporea is a subclass of microscopic parasites, belonging to the Myxozoa clade within Cnidaria.

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N.E.R.D.S.

N.E.R.D.S is a children's thriller humorous series written by Michael Buckley and illustrated by Ethen Beavers.

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Na+/K+-ATPase

-ATPase (sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as the pump or sodium–potassium pump) is an enzyme (an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase) found in the plasma membrane of all animal cells.

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Nalbuphine

Nalbuphine, sold under the brand names Nubain and Nalpain among others, is a opioid analgesic which is used in the treatment of pain.

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Nandrolone decanoate

Nandrolone decanoate, sold under the brand name Deca-Durabolin among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used primarily in the treatment of anemias and wasting syndromes, as well as osteoporosis in menopausal women.

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National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) is one of the institutes and centers that make up the National Institutes of Health, an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

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Nature

Nature, in the broadest sense, is the natural, physical, or material world or universe.

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Nazi human experimentation

Nazi human experimentation was a series of medical experiments on large numbers of prisoners, including children, by Nazi Germany in its concentration camps in the early to mid 1940s, during World War II and the Holocaust.

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Nectocaris

Nectocaris pteryx is a species of possible cephalopod affinity, known from the "early Cambrian" (Series 2) Emu Bay Shale and Chengjiang biota, and the "middle Cambrian" (Series 3, Stage 5) Burgess Shale.

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Needlestick injury

A needlestick injury, percutaneous injury, or percutaneous exposure incident or sharps injury is the penetration of the skin by a needle or other sharp object, which has been in contact with blood, tissue or other body fluids before the exposure.

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Neijing

In advanced traditional Chinese kung fu (martial arts), Neijing (Traditional Chinese: 內勁; pinyin: nèijìng) refers to the conscious control of the practitioner's qi, or "life energy", to gain advantages in combat.

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Nematode

The nematodes or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes).

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Neospora

Neospora is a single celled parasite of livestock and companion animals.

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Nerve

A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons (nerve fibers, the long and slender projections of neurons) in the peripheral nervous system.

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Nerve conduction study

A nerve conduction study (NCS) is a medical diagnostic test commonly used to evaluate the function, especially the ability of electrical conduction, of the motor and sensory nerves of the human body.

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Nerve plexus

A nerve plexus is a plexus (branching network) of intersecting nerves.

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Nerve point of neck

The nerve point of the neck, also known as Erb's point is a site at the upper trunk of the brachial plexus located 2–3 cm above the clavicle.

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Nervous system

The nervous system is the part of an animal that coordinates its actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.

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Nervous tissue

Nervous tissue or nerve tissue is the main tissue component of the two parts of the nervous system; the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS), and the branching peripheral nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which regulates and controls bodily functions and activity.

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Neural accommodation

Neural accommodation or neuronal accommodation occurs when a neuron or muscle cell is depolarised by slowly rising current (ramp depolarisation) in vitro.

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Neural coding

Neural coding is a neuroscience field concerned with characterising the hypothetical relationship between the stimulus and the individual or ensemble neuronal responses and the relationship among the electrical activity of the neurons in the ensemble.

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Neural tube

In the developing chordate (including vertebrates), the neural tube is the embryonic precursor to the central nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord.

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Neurocomputational speech processing

Neurocomputational speech processing is computer-simulation of speech production and speech perception by referring to the natural neuronal processes of speech production and speech perception, as they occur in the human nervous system (central nervous system and peripheral nervous system).

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Neurological examination

A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired.

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Neuromechanics of idiopathic scoliosis

The neuromechanics of idiopathic scoliosis is about the changes in the bones, muscles and joints in cases of spinal deformity consisting of a lateral curvature scoliosis and a rotation of the vertebrae within the curve, that is not explained by either congenital vertebral abnormalities, or neuromuscular disorders such as muscular dystrophy.

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Neuromuscular disease

Neuromuscular disease is a very broad term that encompasses many diseases and ailments that impair the functioning of the muscles, either directly, being pathologies of the voluntary muscle, or indirectly, being pathologies of nerves or neuromuscular junctions.

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Neuromuscular medicine

The field of neuromuscular medicine is subspecialty of neurology and physical medicine and rehabilitation.

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Neuromuscular-blocking drug

Neuromuscular-blocking drugs block neuromuscular transmission at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles.

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Neuromyotonia

Neuromyotonia (NMT) is a form of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability that causes spontaneous muscular activity resulting from repetitive motor unit action potentials of peripheral origin.

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Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is the general name for a family of at least eight genetically separate neurodegenerative disorders that result from excessive accumulation of lipopigments (lipofuscin) in the body's tissues.

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Neuroscience in space

Space neuroscience is the scientific study of the central nervous system (CNS) functions during spaceflight.

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Neuroscience of free will

Neuroscience of free will, a part of neurophilosophy, is the study of the interconnections between free will and neuroscience.

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Neurostimulation

Neurostimulation is the purposeful modulation of the nervous system's activity using invasive (e.g. microelectrodes) or non-invasive means (e.g. transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial electric stimulation, tES, such as tDCS or transcranial alternating current stimulation, tACS).

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Neurotoxin

Neurotoxins are toxins that are poisonous or destructive to nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity).

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Neutral spine

A good posture refers to the "three natural curves are present in a healthy spine.". It is also called Neutral Spine.

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Nicolas Steno

Nicolas Steno (Niels Steensen; Latinized to Nicolaus Stenonis or Nicolaus Stenonius; 1 January 1638 – 25 November 1686 – Aber, James S. 2007. Retrieved 11 January 2012.) was a Danish scientist, a pioneer in both anatomy and geology who became a Catholic bishop in his later years.

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Nike Sport Research Lab

The Nike Sport Research Lab is a research and development institute located in Beaverton in the U.S. state of Oregon.

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Nilutamide

Nilutamide, sold under the brand names Nilandron and Anandron, is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) which is used in the treatment of prostate cancer.

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No pain, no gain

No pain, no gain (or "No gain without pain") is an exercise motto that promises greater value rewards for the price of hard and even painful work.

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Nociceptor

A nociceptor is a sensory neuron that responds to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending “possible threat” signals to the spinal cord and the brain.

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Nodule (medicine)

In medicine, nodules are solid, elevated areas of tissue or fluid inside or under the skin with a diameter greater than 0.5 centimeters.

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Norethandrolone

Norethandrolone, sold under the brand names Nilevar and Pronabol among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which has been used to promote muscle growth and to treat severe burns, physical trauma, and aplastic anemia but has mostly been discontinued.

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Northern leopard frog

The northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiensIntegrated Taxonomic Information System 2012. Available from: www.itis.gov/ or Rana pipiens) is a species of leopard frog from the true frog family, native to parts of Canada and the United States.

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NT5M

5',3'-nucleotidase, mitochondrial, also known as 5'(3')-deoxyribonucleotidase, mitochondrial (mdN) or deoxy-5'-nucleotidase 2 (dNT-2), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NT5M gene.

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Nuclear chain fiber

A nuclear chain fiber is a specialized sensory organ contained within a muscle.

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Nutrition

Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.

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Nysten's rule

Nysten's rule (1811) describes the sequential onset of rigor mortis in the various muscle groups.

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O-Toluidine

o-Toluidine (ortho-toluidine) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C7H9N.

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Oblique muscle

Several muscles in the human body may be referred to as an oblique muscle.

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Obliquus capitis inferior muscle

The obliquus capitis inferior muscle is the larger of the two oblique muscles of the neck.

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Octopine dehydrogenase family

In molecular biology, the octopine dehydrogenase family of enzymes act on the CH-NH substrate bond using NAD(+) or NADP(+) as an acceptor.

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Offal

Offal, also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.

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Omohyoid muscle

The omohyoid muscle is a muscle that depresses the hyoid.

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Once Upon a Time... Life

Il était une fois...

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Onychophora

Onychophora (from Ancient Greek, onyches, "claws"; and pherein, "to carry"), commonly known as velvet worms (due to their velvety texture and somewhat wormlike appearance) or more ambiguously as peripatus (after the first described genus, Peripatus), is a phylum of elongate, soft-bodied, many-legged panarthropods.

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Ophthalmoparesis

Ophthalmoparesis or ophthalmoplegia refers to weakness (-paresis) or paralysis (-plegia) of one or more extraocular muscles which are responsible for eye movements.

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Opisthotonus

Opisthotonus or opisthotonos, from Greek roots, ὄπισθεν, opisthen meaning "behind" and τόνος tonos meaning "tension", is a state of severe hyperextension and spasticity in which an individual's head, neck and spinal column enter into a complete "bridging" or "arching" position.

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Opponens digiti minimi muscle of hand

The opponens digiti minimi (opponens digiti quinti in older texts) is a muscle in the hand.

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Orbicularis oris muscle

In human anatomy, the orbicularis oris muscle is a complex of muscles in the lips that encircles the mouth.

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Orders of magnitude (energy)

This list compares various energies in joules (J), organized by order of magnitude.

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Organ (anatomy)

Organs are collections of tissues with similar functions.

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Ornithopter

An ornithopter (from Greek ornithos "bird" and pteron "wing") is an aircraft that flies by flapping its wings.

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Orthopedic surgery

Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics, also spelled orthopaedic, is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system.

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Osteological correlate

Osteological correlates are marks on the bones of animals that are made from the causal interactions of the soft-tissue and underlying bone.

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Osteopathic manipulation

Osteopathic manipulation or osteopathic manipulative medicine is a core set of techniques of osteopathy and osteopathic medicine distinguishing these fields from the rest of medicine.

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Osteopathic medicine in the United States

Osteopathic medicine is a branch of the medical profession in the United States.

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Othnielosaurus

Othnielosaurus is a genus of ornithischian dinosaur that lived about 155 to 148 million years ago, during the Late Jurassic-age Morrison Formation of the western United States.

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Outer ear

The outer ear, external ear, or auris externa is the external portion of the ear, which consists of the auricle (also pinna) and the ear canal.

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Outline of biology

Biology – The natural science that involves the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

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Outline of biophysics

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to biophysics: Biophysics – interdisciplinary science that uses the methods of physics to study biological systems.

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Outline of exercise

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to exercise: Exercise – any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness.

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Outline of human anatomy

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to human anatomy: Human anatomy – scientific study of the morphology of the adult human.

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Overtraining

Overtraining occurs when a person exceeds their body's ability to recover from strenuous exercise.

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Overweight

Being overweight or fat is having more body fat than is optimally healthy.

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P50 (pressure)

In biochemistry, p50 represents the partial pressure of a gas required to achieve 50% saturation of a particular protein's binding sites.

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P70-S6 Kinase 1

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1), also known as p70S6 kinase (p70S6K, p70-S6K), is an enzyme (specifically, a protein kinase) that in humans is encoded by the RPS6KB1 gene.

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Pacific bluefin tuna

The Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) is a predatory species of tuna found widely in the northern Pacific Ocean, but it is migratory and also recorded as a visitor to the south Pacific.

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Pacific electric ray

Tetronarce californica also known as the Pacific electric ray is a species of electric ray in the family Torpedinidae, endemic to the coastal waters of the northeastern Pacific Ocean from Baja California to British Columbia.

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Pallesthesia

Pallesthesia (\ˌpal-es-ˈthē-zh(ē-)ə\), or vibratory sensation, is the ability to perceive vibration.

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Pangu

Pangu is the first living being and the creator of all in some versions of Chinese mythology.

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Papa Bois

Papa Bois (otherwise known as "Maître Bois," meaning master of the woods or "Daddy Bouchon" meaning hairy man), a French patois word for "father wood" or "father of the forest" is a popular fictional folklore character of St.Lucia and Trinidad and Tobago.

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Paralysis

Paralysis is a loss of muscle function for one or more muscles.

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Parapiptadenia rigida

Parapiptadenia rigida is a perennial shrub or tree.

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Paraumbilical hernia

A paraumbilical (or umbilical) hernia is a protrusion of the abdominal contents, including mesenteric fat or bowel, through a weak point of the muscles or ligaments near the navel.

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Paraxial mesoderm

Paraxial mesoderm, also known as presomitic or somitic mesoderm is the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube.

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Patent medicine

A patent medicine, also known as a nostrum (from the Latin nostrum remedium, or "our remedy") is a commercial product advertised (usually heavily) as a purported over-the-counter medicine, without regard to its effectiveness.

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Patterson–Gimlin film

The Patterson–Gimlin film (also known as the Patterson film or the PGF) is an American short motion picture of an unidentified subject which the filmmakers have said was a Bigfoot.

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Pearson syndrome

Pearson syndrome is a mitochondrial disease characterized by sideroblastic anemia and exocrine pancreas dysfunction.

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Pectineus muscle

The pectineus muscle (from the Latin word pecten, meaning comb) is a flat, quadrangular muscle, situated at the anterior (front) part of the upper and medial (inner) aspect of the thigh.

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Pectoralis major

The pectoralis major is a thick, fan-shaped muscle, situated at the chest (anterior) of the human body.

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Pedicellaria

A pedicellaria (plural: pedicellariae) is a small wrench- or claw-shaped appendage with movable jaws, called valves, commonly found on echinoderms (phylum Echinodermata), particularly in sea stars (class Asteroidea) and sea urchins (class Echinoidea).

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Pedro Álvares Ribeiro do Carmo Pacheco

Pedro Álvares Ribeiro do Carmo Pacheco (born December 7, 1967), known as Pedro Pacheco, is a Portuguese civil engineer and professor of bridges at FEUP (Engineering Faculty of Porto University), who co-founded, one of the most respectable bridge engineering companies.

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Pelagornithidae

The Pelagornithidae, commonly called pelagornithids, pseudodontorns, bony-toothed birds, false-toothed birds or pseudotooth birds, are a prehistoric family of large seabirds.

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Pelmatoplanini

Pelmatoplanini is a tribe of land planarians in the subfamily Rhynchodeminae.

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Pelvic girdle pain

Pelvic girdle pain (abbreviated PGP) is a pregnancy discomfort that causes pain, instability and limitation of mobility and functioning in any of the three pelvic joints.

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Pennate muscle

A pennate or pinnate muscle (also called a penniform muscle) is a muscle with fascicles that attach obliquely (in a slanting position) to its tendon.

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PEPCK-Cmus mouse

PEPCK-Cmus mice are genetically modified mice (Mus musculus) which as a result of their modification have up to 100 times the concentration of the PEPCK-C enzyme in their muscles, compared to ordinary mice.

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Peptide hormone

Peptide hormones or protein hormones are hormones whose molecules are peptides or proteins, respectively.

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Perforator vein

Perforator veins are so called because they perforate the deep fascia of muscles, to connect the superficial veins to the deep veins where they drain.

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Perimysium

Perimysium is a sheath of connective tissue that groups muscle fibers into bundles (anywhere between 10 and 100 or more) or fascicles.

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Peripheral chemoreceptors

Peripheral chemoreceptors (of the carotid and aortic bodies) are so named because they are sensory extensions of the peripheral nervous system into blood vessels where they detect changes in chemical concentrations.

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Peripheral membrane protein

Peripheral membrane proteins are membrane proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated.

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Peripheral nervous system

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of the two components of the nervous system, the other part is the central nervous system (CNS).

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Peristalsis

Peristalsis is a radially symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles that propagates in a wave down a tube, in an anterograde direction.

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Peroneus longus

In human anatomy, the peroneus longus (also known as fibularis longus) is a superficial muscle in the lateral compartment of the leg, and acts to evert and plantarflex the ankle.

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Peroneus tertius

The peroneus tertius (also known as fibularis tertius) is a muscle of the human body located in the lower limb.

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Perophora viridis

Perophora viridis, the honeysuckle tunicate, is a species of colonial sea squirt in the genus Perophora found in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean.

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

In the field of molecular biology, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes.

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Pes anserinus (leg)

Pes anserinus ("goose foot") refers to the conjoined tendons of three muscles that insert onto the anteromedial (front and inside) surface of the proximal extremity of the tibia.

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PET-CT

Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (better known as PET-CT or PET/CT) is a nuclear medicine technique which combines, in a single gantry, a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner and an x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner, to acquire sequential images from both devices in the same session, which are combined into a single superposed (co-registered) image.

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Petrissage

Petrissage (from French pétrir, "to knead") are massage movements with applied pressure which are deep and compress the underlying muscles.

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Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology

Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of physiology.

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PGAM2

Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (PGAM2), also known as muscle-specific phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM-M), is a phosphoglycerate mutase that, in humans, is encoded by the PGAM2 gene on chromosome 7.

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PH

In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

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Pharmacological body alteration

Pharmacological body alteration is the overt physical alteration of the body through the use of drugs.

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Pharmacology of bicalutamide

The pharmacology of bicalutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA), has been well-characterized.

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Pharyngeal arch

The pharyngeal arches —also known as visceral arches—are structures seen in the embryonic development of vertebrates that are recognisable precursors for many structures.

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Pharynx

The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the throat that is behind the mouth and nasal cavity and above the esophagus and the larynx, or the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs.

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PhenX Toolkit

PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) is a community-driven effort to provide standard measures for use in biomedical research.

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Phonomyography

Phonomyography (PMG) (also known as acoustic myography, sound myography, vibromyography, and surface mechanomyogram) is a technique to measure the force of muscle contraction by recording the low frequency sounds created during muscular activity.

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Phosphagen

Phosphagens, also known as macroergic compounds, are energy storage compounds, also known as high-energy phosphate compounds, chiefly found in muscular tissue in animals.

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Phosphocreatine

Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate (CP) or PCr (Pcr), is a phosphorylated creatine molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle and the brain to recycle adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.

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Phosphofructokinase 1

Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) is one of the most important regulatory enzymes of glycolysis.

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Phosphorylase kinase, alpha 1

Phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, skeletal muscle isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PHKA1 gene.

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Phyllobates sp. aff. aurotaenia

Phyllobates sp.

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Phyloxin

Phyloxin is a dye used to stain tissue for histologic examination.

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Physical therapy

Physical therapy (PT), also known as physiotherapy, is one of the allied health professions that, by using mechanical force and movements (bio-mechanics or kinesiology), manual therapy, exercise therapy, and electrotherapy, remediates impairments and promotes mobility and function.

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Physiological cross-sectional area

In muscle physiology, physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) is the area of the cross section of a muscle perpendicular to its fibers, generally at its largest point.

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Pilina unguis

Pilina unguis is an extinct species of Paleozoic Silurian monoplacophoran.

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Pioglitazone

Pioglitazone (brand name Actos) is a prescription drug of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class with hypoglycemic (antihyperglycemic, antidiabetic) action to treat diabetes.

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Pipes

Pipes may refer to.

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Piriformis muscle

The piriformis is a muscle in the gluteal region of the lower limb.

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Pituitary apoplexy

Pituitary apoplexy or pituitary tumor apoplexy is bleeding into or impaired blood supply of the pituitary gland at the base of the brain.

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PKM2

Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 (PKM1/M2), also known as pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme (PKM), pyruvate kinase type K, cytosolic thyroid hormone-binding protein (CTHBP), thyroid hormone-binding protein 1 (THBP1), or opa-interacting protein 3 (OIP3), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PKM2 gene.

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Place of articulation

In articulatory phonetics, the place of articulation (also point of articulation) of a consonant is the point of contact where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an articulatory gesture, an active articulator (typically some part of the tongue), and a passive location (typically some part of the roof of the mouth).

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Plantaris muscle

The plantaris is one of the superficial muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg, one of the fascial compartments of the leg.

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Platysma muscle

The platysma is a superficial muscle that overlaps the sternocleidomastoid.

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Play (activity)

In psychology and ethology, play is a range of voluntary, intrinsically motivated activities normally associated with recreational pleasure and enjoyment.

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Plesiosauria

Plesiosauria (Greek: πλησίος, plesios, meaning "near to" and Sauria) or plesiosaurs are an order or clade of Mesozoic marine reptiles (marine Sauropsida), belonging to the Sauropterygia.

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Plyometrics

Plyometrics, also known as jump training or plyos, are exercises in which muscles exert maximum force in short intervals of time, with the goal of increasing power (speed-strength).

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Pneumatic artificial muscles

Pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) are contractile or extensional devices operated by pressurized air filling a pneumatic bladder.

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Polar overdominance

Polar overdominance is a unique form of inheritance originally described in livestock, with relevant examples in humans and mice being discovered shortly after.

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Poliovirus

Poliovirus, the causative agent of poliomyelitis (commonly known as polio), is a human enterovirus and member of the family of Picornaviridae.

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Polyestradiol phosphate

Polyestradiol phosphate (PEP), sold under the brand name Estradurin, is a medication which is used primarily in the treatment of prostate cancer in men.

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Polymyalgia rheumatica

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a syndrome with pain or stiffness, usually in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips, but which may occur all over the body.

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Polymyositis

Polymyositis (PM) is a type of chronic inflammation of the muscles (inflammatory myopathy) related to dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis.

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Polyneuropathy

Polyneuropathy (poly- + neuro- + -pathy) is damage or disease affecting peripheral nerves (peripheral neuropathy) in roughly the same areas on both sides of the body, featuring weakness, numbness, and burning pain.

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Polyploid

Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes.

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Polysaccharide

Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages, and on hydrolysis give the constituent monosaccharides or oligosaccharides.

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Pompoir

Pompoir is a sexual technique in which the woman uses her vaginal muscles to stimulate the man's penis.

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Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome

The popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is a rather uncommon pathology, which results in claudication and chronic leg ischemia.

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Post-polio syndrome

Post-polio syndrome (PPS, or post-poliomyelitis syndrome or post-polio sequelae) is a condition that affects approximately 25 to 40 percent of people who have previously survived an acute attack of poliomyelitis, though more recent studies have shown that 80+% of polio survivors show symptoms of Post Polio Sequelae.

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Potassium chloride

Potassium chloride (KCl) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine.

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Poultry

Poultry are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers.

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Pre-hospital ultrasound

Prehospital ultrasound is the specialized application of ultrasound by emergency service personnel, such as paramedics, to guide immediate care and first aid procedures.

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Precor StretchTrainer

The Precor USA StretchTrainer is a piece of exercise equipment used to improve flexibility, coordination and athletic performance.

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Preferred walking speed

The preferred walking speed is the speed at which humans or animals choose to walk.

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Pregnancy (mammals)

In mammals, pregnancy is the period of reproduction during which a female carries one or more live offspring from implantation in the uterus through gestation.

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Pressure ulcer

Pressure ulcers, also known as pressure sores, pressure injuries, bedsores, and decubitus ulcers, are localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue that usually occur over a bony prominence as a result of pressure or pressure in combination with shear and/or friction.

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Primary bone

Primary bone is the first bone tissue that appears in embryonic development and in fracture repair.

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Proctolin

Proctolin is a neuropeptide present in insects and crustaceans.

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Progenitor cell

A progenitor cell is a biological cell that, like a stem cell, has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell, but is already more specific than a stem cell and is pushed to differentiate into its "target" cell.

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Progesterone (medication)

Progesterone is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone.

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Pronator teres muscle

The pronator teres is a muscle of human (located mainly in the forearm) that, along with the pronator quadratus, serves to pronate the forearm (turning it so that the palm faces posteriorly when from the anatomical position).

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Proneural genes

Proneural genes encode transcription factors of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) class which are responsible for the development of neuroectodermal progenitor cells.

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Propionic acidemia

Propionic acidemia, also known as propionic aciduria, propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency, and ketotic glycinemia, is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder, classified as a branched-chain organic acidemia.

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Prostate

The prostate (from Ancient Greek προστάτης, prostates, literally "one who stands before", "protector", "guardian") is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male reproductive system in most mammals.

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Prosthesis

In medicine, a prosthesis (plural: prostheses; from Ancient Greek prosthesis, "addition, application, attachment") is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, which may be lost through trauma, disease, or congenital conditions.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Protein filament

In biology, a filament is a "long chain of proteins, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella".

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Protein sparing

Protein sparing (amino acid sparing) is the process by which the body derives energy from sources other than protein.

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Proteoglycan 4

Proteoglycan 4 or lubricin is a proteoglycan that in humans is encoded by the PRG4 gene.

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Proximal diabetic neuropathy

Proximal diabetic neuropathy, more commonly known as diabetic amyotrophy, is a nerve disorder that results as a complication of diabetes mellitus.

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Pseudaconitine

Pseudaconitine, known also as nepaline, (C36H51NO12) is an extremely toxic alkaloid found in high quantities in the roots of Aconitum ferox, also known as Indian Monkshood, which belongs to the family Ranunculaceae.

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Pterosaur

Pterosaurs (from the Greek πτερόσαυρος,, meaning "winged lizard") were flying reptiles of the extinct clade or order Pterosauria.

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Ptosis (breasts)

Female breast ptosis or sagging is a natural consequence of aging.

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Puberty

Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction.

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Pubovaginal muscle

The pubovaginal muscle is a pelvic floor muscle that attaches to the muscles of lateral walls of the midsection of the vagina and the pubis.

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PULHES Factor

PULHES is a United States military acronym used in the Military Physical Profile Serial System.

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Push-up

A push-up (or press-up) is a common calisthenics exercise performed in a prone position by raising and lowering the body using the arms.

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PYGL

Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form (PYGL), also known as human liver glycogen phosphorylase (HLGP), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PYGL gene on chromosome 14.

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Pyloric stenosis

Pyloric stenosis is a narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the first part of the small intestine (the pylorus).

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Pyramidal tracts

The pyramidal tracts include both the corticobulbar tract and the corticospinal tract.

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Pyromellitamide gels

New types of gels based on pyromellitamide molecules are currently being developed which will enable doctors to repair severed muscles and spinal cords in patients.

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Quadratus lumborum muscle

The quadratus lumborum is a muscle of the posterior abdominal wall.

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Quadriceps femoris muscle

The quadriceps femoris (also called the quadriceps extensor, quadriceps or quads), is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh.

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Quantitative models of the action potential

In neurophysiology, several mathematical models of the action potential have been developed, which fall into two basic types.

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Quantitative psychology

Quantitative psychology is a field of scientific study that focuses on the mathematical modeling, research design and methodology, and statistical analysis of human or animal psychological processes.

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Quarter marks

Quarter marks are a type of ornamentation on a horse seen in certain types of exhibition or competition.

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RAD140

RAD140 is an investigational selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) for the treatment of conditions such as muscle wasting and breast cancer, currently under development by Radius Health, Inc.

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Ralgex

Ralgex Spray is a spray designed to soothe painful muscles and joints in humans when applied to the skin.

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Ramesseum medical papyri

The Ramesseum medical papyri constitute a collection of ancient Egyptian medical documents dating back to the early 18th century BC, found in the temple of the Ramesseum.

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Rampage (DC Comics)

Rampage (real name Karen Lou "Kitty" Faulkner) is a fictional character in the DC Comics universe.

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Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics

The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics (the Randall) is a research institute of King's College London located in London United Kingdom.

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Randle cycle

The Randle cycle, also known as the glucose fatty-acid cycle, is a metabolic process involving the competition of glucose and fatty acids for substrates.

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Rat

Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents in the superfamily Muroidea.

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Raymond Céstan syndrome

Raymond Céstan syndrome is caused by blockage of the long circumferential branches of the basilar artery.

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Reaction of degeneration

Reaction of degeneration is a medical condition caused by a change in the electrical response of the muscles due to muscle denervation.

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Reciprocal inhibition

Reciprocal inhibition describes the process of muscles on one side of a joint relaxing to accommodate contraction on the other side of that joint.

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Reciprocal innervation

René Descartes (1596–1650) was one of the first to conceive a model of reciprocal innervation (in 1626) as the principle that provides for the control of agonist and antagonist muscles.

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Rectilinear locomotion

Rectilinear locomotion or rectilinear progression is a mode of locomotion most often associated with snakes.

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Rectus abdominis muscle

The rectus abdominis muscle, also known as the "abdominal muscles" or "abs", is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen, as well as that of some other mammals.

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Red blood cell

Red blood cells-- also known as RBCs, red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek erythros for "red" and kytos for "hollow vessel", with -cyte translated as "cell" in modern usage), are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O2) to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system.

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Red eye (medicine)

A red eye is an eye that appears red due to illness or injury.

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Reference point indentation

Reference Point Indentation (RPI) refers to a specialized form of indentation testing.

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Reflexive antagonism

Reflexive antagonism is the phenomenon by which muscles with opposing functions tend to antagonistically inhibit each other.

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Rejuvenation (aging)

Rejuvenation is a medical discipline focused on the practical reversal of the aging process.

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Relaxation (NMR)

In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) the term relaxation describes how signals change with time.

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Reproductive system

The reproductive system or genital system is a system of sex organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of sexual reproduction.

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Resistance band

A resistance band is an elastic band used for strength training.

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Rest step

In mountaineering and hiking, the rest step is a human walking gait used in ascending steep slopes.

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Resting potential

The relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells is called the resting membrane potential (or resting voltage), as opposed to the specific dynamic electrochemical phenomena called action potential and graded membrane potential.

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Reticulohistiocytoma

Reticulohistiocytoma is a cutaneous condition characterized by a solitary, firm, dermal skin lesion of less than 1 cm in diameter.

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Retractor

Retractor may refer to.

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Retractor muscle of the penis

In some animals the male penis possesses a muscle enabling retraction into the prepuce.

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Rhinoplasty

Rhinoplasty (ῥίς rhis, nose + πλάσσειν plassein, to shape), commonly known as a nose job, is a plastic surgery procedure for correcting and reconstructing the form, restoring the functions, and aesthetically enhancing the nose by resolving nasal trauma (blunt, penetrating, blast), congenital defect, respiratory impediment, or a failed primary rhinoplasty.

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Rib cage

The rib cage is an arrangement of bones in the thorax of most vertebrates.

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Rigor mortis

Rigor mortis (Latin: rigor "stiffness", mortis "of death") or postmortem rigidity, the third stage of death, is one of the recognizable signs of death, caused by chemical changes in the muscles post mortem, which cause the limbs of the corpse to stiffen.

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Ripping (bodybuilding)

Ripping is the stage that people, mainly bodybuilders, go through in order to lose body fat to a very low percentage.

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RNA-binding protein

RNA-binding proteins (often abbreviated as RBPs) are proteins that bind to the double or single stranded RNA in cells and participate in forming ribonucleoprotein complexes.

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Rob Liefeld

Robert Liefeld (born October 3, 1967) is an American comic book creator.

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Robert Latimer

Robert William "Bob" Latimer (born March 13, 1953) is a Canadian canola and wheat farmer who was convicted of second-degree murder in the death of his daughter Tracy (November 23, 1980 – October 24, 1993).

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Robert S. Langer

Robert Samuel Langer, Jr. FREng (born August 29, 1948 in Albany, New York) is an American chemical engineer, scientist, entrepreneur, inventor and an Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

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Robotics

Robotics is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering and science that includes mechanical engineering, electronics engineering, computer science, and others.

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Rocio viral encephalitis

Rocio viral encephalitis is an epidemic flaviviral disease of humans first observed in São Paulo State, Brazil, in 1975.

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Rohmert's law

Widely used in the human factors and ergonomics field, Rohmert's law states that the maximum force one's muscles can exert decreases exponentially from the time one begins continuously exerting the force.

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Roller coaster phobia

Roller coaster phobia is a colloquial and slang term describing an individual's fear of roller coasters.

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Rostellum (helminth)

Rostellum (meaning "small beak", from the Latin rostrum for "beak"; pl. rostella) in helminthology is a protruding part of the anterior end of soft-bodied tapeworms.

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Rotator cuff

In anatomy, the rotator cuff) is a group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder. Of the seven scapulohumeral muscles, four make up the rotator cuff. The four muscles are the supraspinatus muscle, the infraspinatus muscle, teres minor muscle, and the subscapularis muscle.

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Rotator cuff tear

A rotator cuff tear is a tear of one or more of the tendons of the four rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder.

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Rousong

Rousong, also known as meat wool, meat floss, pork floss, flossy pork, abon, pork sung or yuk sung, is a dried meat product with a light and fluffy texture similar to coarse cotton, originating from China.

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Route of administration

A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.

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Rovsing's sign

LLQ is palpated. Rovsing's sign, named after the Danish surgeon Niels Thorkild Rovsing (1862–1927), is a sign of appendicitis.

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Royal Marines selection and training

Royal Marines recruit training is the longest basic modern infantry training programme of any Commonwealth, or North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) combat troops.

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Rubrospinal tract

The rubrospinal tract is a part of the nervous system.

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Rudolf Heidenhain

Rudolf Peter Heinrich Heidenhain (29 January 1834 – 13 October 1897) was a German physiologist born in Marienwerder, East Prussia (now Kwidzyn, Poland).

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Rusakov Workers' Club

The Rusakov Workers' Club (Дом культуры имени И.В.Русакова (рабочий клуб)) in Moscow is a notable example of constructivist architecture.

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Ryanodine receptor

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) form a class of intracellular calcium channels in various forms of excitable animal tissue like muscles and neurons.

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Sabertooth fish

Sabertooth or sabretooth fish are small, fierce-looking deep-sea aulopiform fish comprising the family Evermannellidae.

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Sailor Young

Harding Isaac "Sailor" Young (5 February 1876, Leyton, Essex – 12 December 1964, Rochford, Essex) was a cricketer who played for Essex and England.

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Saltwater crocodile

The saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), also known as the estuarine crocodile, Indo-Pacific crocodile, marine crocodile, sea crocodile or informally as saltie, is the largest of all living reptiles, as well as the largest riparian predator in the world.

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Samandarin

Samandarin or Samandarine is the main steroidal alkaloid secreted by the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra).

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Sandhoff disease

Sandhoff disease, also known as Sandhoff–Jatzkewitz disease, variant 0 of GM2-Gangliosidosis or Hexosaminidase A and B deficiency, is a lysosomal genetic, lipid storage disorder caused by the inherited deficiency to create functional beta-hexosaminidases A and B. These catabolic enzymes are needed to degrade the neuronal membrane components, ganglioside GM2, its derivative GA2, the glycolipid globoside in visceral tissues, and some oligosaccharides.

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Santanaraptor

Santanaraptor (meaning "Santana Formation thief") is a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in South America during the Early Cretaceous (late Aptian-early Albian), about 112 million years ago.

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Sarcocystis

Sarcocystis is a genus of parasites, the majority of species infecting mammals, and some infecting reptiles and birds.

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Sarcoma

A sarcoma is a cancer that arises from transformed cells of mesenchymal origin.

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Sarcopenic obesity

Sarcopenic obesity is a medical condition which is defined as the presence of both sarcopenia and obesity.

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Sartorius muscle

The sartorius muscle is the longest muscle in the human body.

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Savage Dragon

Savage Dragon is an ongoing American comic book series created by Erik Larsen, published by Image Comics and taking place in the Image Universe.

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Sólo para Mujeres

Sólo Para Mujeres (Only For Women in Spanish) is a Mexican theatre play.

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Scalene muscles

The scalene muscles are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the anterior scalene, middle scalene, and posterior scalene.

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Scallop aquaculture

Scallop aquaculture is the commercial activity of cultivating (farming) scallops until they reach a marketable size and can be sold as a consumer product.

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Scar

A scar is an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after an injury.

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Sciatic nerve

The sciatic nerve (also called ischiadic nerve, ischiatic nerve) is a large nerve in humans and animals.

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Sciatica

Sciatica is a medical condition characterized by pain going down the leg from the lower back.

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Scissors mechanism

A scissors mechanism uses linked, folding supports in a criss-cross 'X' pattern.

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Scleroderma

Scleroderma is a group of autoimmune diseases that may result in changes to the skin, blood vessels, muscles, and internal organs.

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SCO1

Protein SCO1 homolog, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCO1 gene.

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Sea spider

Sea spiders, also called Pantopoda or pycnogonids, ('pycno-' closely packed, 'gonid' gonidia) are marine arthropods of class Pycnogonida.

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Seashell resonance

There is a popular folk myth that if one holds a seashell—specifically, most often, a conch shell—to one's ear, one can hear the sound of the ocean.

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Secondary sex characteristic

Secondary sex characteristics are features that appear during puberty in humans, and at sexual maturity in other animals.

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Segugio Cravin

Originating in Piedmont, Italy, Segugio Cravin is a variety of the Piccolo Lepraiolo Italiano, specialized for hunting hares.

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Seizure types

Seizure types most commonly follow the classification proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) in 1981.

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Selamectin

Selamectin (trade names Revolution, Stronghold) is a topical parasiticide and anthelminthic used on dogs and cats, distributed by Zoetis, a former Pfizer subsidiary.

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Semispinalis muscles

The semispinalis muscles are a group of three muscles belonging to the transversospinales.

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Semitendinosus muscle

The semitendinosus is a long superficial muscle in the back of the thigh.

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Serous fluid

In physiology, the term serous fluid or serosal fluid (originating from the Medieval Latin word serosus, from Latin serum) is any of various body fluids resembling serum, that are typically pale yellow and transparent and of a benign nature.

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Serous membrane

In anatomy, serous membrane (or serosa) is a smooth tissue membrane consisting of two layers of mesothelium, which secrete serous fluid.

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Serratus posterior inferior muscle

The Serratus posterior inferior muscle (or posterior serratus) is a muscle of the human body.

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Servotron 9000

Servotron 9000 was one of five singles Servotron released in 1996.

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Sesamoid bone

In anatomy, a sesamoid bone is a bone embedded within a tendon or a muscle.

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Sex differences in human physiology

Sex differences in human physiology are distinctions of physiological characteristics associated with either male or female humans.

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Sexercise

Sexercise (it is referred to by some as eroticise) is physical exercise performed in preparation for sexual activity and designed to tone, build, and strengthen muscles.

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Sexual dimorphism

Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs.

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Sexual headache

Sexual headaches, also known as coital cephalalgia, are a rare type of headache that occur in the skull and neck during sexual activity, including masturbation or orgasm.

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Shamo (manga)

is a Japanese action manga series written by Izo Hashimoto and illustrated by Akio Tanaka.

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She-Hulk

She-Hulk (Jennifer Walters) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

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Sheldon Friel

Ernest Sheldon Friel (1888 – 2 February 1970), was an Irish dentist who was the first specialist orthodontist to practise in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the second in Europe, going on to become the first Professor of Orthodontics in Europe.

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Sherrington's law of reciprocal innervation

Sherrington's law of reciprocal innervation, also called Sherrington's law II explains how a muscle will relax when its opposite muscle (e.g., biceps/triceps) is activated.

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Shin'ichi Ishiwata

is a Japanese scientist, a professor at Waseda University department of science and engineering physics course.

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Short-beaked echidna

The short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) is one of four living species of echidna and the only member of the genus Tachyglossus.

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Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency

Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD), also called ACADS deficiency and SCAD deficiency, is an autosomal recessive fatty acid oxidation disorder which affects enzymes required to break down a certain group of fats called short chain fatty acids.

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Shoulder

The human shoulder is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons.

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Shoulder girdle

The shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle is the set of bones in the appendicular skeleton which connects to the arm on each side.

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Shoulder problem

Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms.

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Sid the Science Kid

Sid the Science Kid (also known as Jim Henson's Sid the Science Kid) is an American half-hour CGI animated series that aired on PBS Kids from September 1, 2008 to March 25, 2013, with a total of 68 half-hour episodes produced over two seasons.

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Simson Shituwa

Simson Shituwa (b. Oukwanyama) was one of the first seven Ovambo pastors, whom the director of the Finnish Missionary Society, Matti Tarkkanen ordained into priesthood in Oniipa, Ovamboland, on 27 September 1925, with a permission granted by the Bishop of Tampere, Jaakko Gummerus.

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Sipuncula

The Sipuncula or Sipunculida (common names sipunculid worms or peanut worms) is a group containing 144–320 species (estimates vary) of bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented marine worms.

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Sir William Bowman, 1st Baronet

Sir William Bowman, 1st Baronet (20 July 1816 – 29 March 1892) was an English surgeon, histologist and anatomist.

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Sirtuin 2

NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SIRT2 gene.

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Sivatherium

Sivatherium ("Shiva's beast") is an extinct genus of giraffid that ranged throughout Africa to the Indian Subcontinent.

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SK3

SK3 (small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel 3) also known as KCa2.3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNN3 gene.

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Skeletal animation

Skeletal animation is a technique in computer animation in which a character (or other articulated object) is represented in two parts: a surface representation used to draw the character (called skin or mesh) and a hierarchical set of interconnected bones (called the skeleton or rig) used to animate (pose and keyframe) the mesh.

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Skeleton

The skeleton is the body part that forms the supporting structure of an organism.

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Skin

Skin is the soft outer tissue covering vertebrates.

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Skin fold

Skin folds or skinfolds are areas of skin where it folds.

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Skin repair

Protection from mechanical injury, chemical hazards, and bacterial invasion is provided by the skin because the epidermis is relatively thick and covered with keratin.

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Skinning

Skinning is the act of skin removal.

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Skunk

Skunks are North and South American mammals in the family Mephitidae.

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Smile

A smile is a facial expression formed primarily by flexing the muscles at the sides of the mouth.

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Snorkeling

Snorkeling (British and Commonwealth English spelling: snorkelling) is the practice of swimming on or through a body of water while equipped with a diving mask, a shaped breathing tube called a snorkel, and usually swimfins.

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SOCS3

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3 or SOCS-3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOCS3 gene.

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Sodium channel

Sodium channels are integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions (Na+) through a cell's plasma membrane.

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Soft palate

The soft palate (also known as the velum or muscular palate) is, in mammals, the soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth.

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Soft tissue

In anatomy, soft tissue includes the tissues that connect, support, or surround other structures and organs of the body, not being hard tissue such as bone.

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Soft tissue injury

A soft tissue injury (STI) is the damage of muscles, ligaments and tendons throughout the body.

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Soft tissue pathology

Soft tissue pathology is the subspecialty of surgical pathology which deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the soft tissues, such as muscle, adipose tissue, tendons, fascia, and connective tissues.

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Soleus muscle

In humans and some other mammals, the soleus is a powerful muscle in the back part of the lower leg (the calf).

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Somatic nervous system

The somatic nervous system (SNS or voluntary nervous system) is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles.

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Somatotype and constitutional psychology

Somatotype is a taxonomy developed in the 1940s by American psychologist William Herbert Sheldon to categorize the human physique according to the relative contribution of three fundamental elements which he termed "somatotypes".

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Somite

Somites (outdated: primitive segments) are divisions of the body of an animal or embryo.

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Sortilin 1

Sortilin (SORT1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SORT1 gene on chromosome 1.

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Sotai

Sotai or is a Japanese form of muscular or movement therapy invented by Keizo Hashimoto (1897–1993), a Japanese medical doctor from Sendai.

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Spalax

The genus Spalax contains the blind, fossorial, or subterranean mole rats, which are one of several types of rodents that are called "mole rats".

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Sparty

Sparty is the mascot of Michigan State University.

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Spasm

A spasm is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ such as the heart.

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Spastic quadriplegia

Spastic quadriplegia, also known as spastic tetraplegia, is a subset of spastic cerebral palsy that affects all four limbs (both arms and legs).

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Speedster (fiction)

A speedster, also known as a speed man, is a character whose powers primarily relate to super-speed.

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Sphenomandibularis

The Sphenomandibularis is a muscle attaching to the sphenoid bone and the mandible.

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Sphincter

A sphincter is a circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning.

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Spinal lock

A spinal lock is a multiple joint lock applied to the spinal column, which is performed by forcing the spine beyond its normal ranges of motion.

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Spinal locomotion

Spinal locomotion results from intricate dynamic interactions between a central program in lower thoracolumbar spine and proprioceptive feedback from body in the absence of central control by brain as in complete spinal cord injury (SCI).

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Spinal muscular atrophies

Spinal muscular atrophies (SMAs) are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare debilitating disorders characterised by the degeneration of lower motor neurons (neuronal cells situated in the anterior horn of the spinal cord) and subsequent atrophy (wasting) of various muscle groups in the body.

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Spinalis

The spinalis is a portion of the erector spinae, a bundle of muscles and tendons, located nearest to the spine.

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Spino-olivary tract

The spino-olivary tract (historically Helweg's tract) is located in the anterior funiculus of the spinal cord and provides transmission of unconscious proprioception and is involved in balance.

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Spinocerebellar ataxia

Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), also known as spinocerebellar atrophy or spinocerebellar degeneration, is a progressive, degenerative, genetic disease with multiple types, each of which could be considered a disease in its own right.

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Spiral valves of Heister

Spiral valves of Heister are undulating folds or valves in the proximal mucosa of the cystic duct.

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Spironucleus salmonicida

Spironucleus salmonicida is a species of fish parasite.

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Split hand syndrome

In medicine, split hand syndrome is a neurological syndrome in which the hand muscles on the side of the thumb (lateral, thenar eminence) appear wasted, whereas the muscles on the side of the little finger (medial, hypothenar eminence) are spared.

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Split weight training

Split weight training is a type of exercise workout.

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Sponge

Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (meaning "pore bearer"), are a basal Metazoa clade as sister of the Diploblasts.

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Sports biomechanics

Sports biomechanics is a quantitative based study and analysis of professional athletes and sports activities in general.

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Sports injury

Sports injuries are injuries that occur in athletic activities or exercising.

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Spot reduction

Spot reduction refers to the fallacy that fat can be targeted for reduction from a specific area of the body through exercise of specific muscles in the desired area, such as exercising the abdominal muscles in an effort to lose weight in or around one's midsection.

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Sprint (running)

Sprinting is running over a short distance in a limited period of time.

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Squat (exercise)

In strength training and fitness, the squat is a compound, full body exercise that trains primarily the muscles of the thighs, hips and buttocks, quadriceps femoris muscle (vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius and rectus femoris), hamstrings, as well as strengthening the bones, ligaments and insertion of the tendons throughout the lower body.

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Squatting position

Squatting is a posture where the weight of the body is on the feet (as with standing) but the knees and hips are bent.

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St Paul's Catholic School, Leicester

St Paul's Catholic School is a voluntary-aided Roman Catholic secondary school and sixth form in Evington, Leicester, England, teaching years 7-13.

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Standing

Standing, also referred to as orthostasis, is a human position in which the body is held in an upright ("orthostatic") position and supported only by the feet.

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Star-nosed mole

The star-nosed mole (Condylura cristata) is a small mole found in wet low areas in the northern parts of North America.

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Starvation

Starvation is a severe deficiency in caloric energy intake, below the level needed to maintain an organism's life.

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Status symbol

A status symbol is a perceived visible, external denotation of one's social position and perceived indicator of economic or social status.

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Sternalis muscle

The sternalis muscle is an anatomical variation that lies in front of the sternal end of the pectoralis major parallel to the margin of the sternum.

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Steven Hogg

Steven Roy Hogg (born 1 October 1985) is an English footballer who plays for Salford City as a midfielder.

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Stimulation

Stimulation is the encouragement of development or the cause of activity generally.

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Stinger (medicine)

In medicine, a stinger, also called a burner or nerve pinch injury, is a neurological injury suffered by athletes, mostly in high-contact sports such as ice hockey, rugby, American football, and wrestling.

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Stopping power

Stopping power is the ability of a firearm or other weapon to cause enough ballistic trauma to a target (human or animal) to immediately incapacitate (and thus stop) the target.

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Strain (injury)

A strain (also known colloquially as a pulled muscle or torn muscle) is an acute or chronic soft tissue injury that occurs to a muscle, tendon, or both (contractile components).

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Strandpulling

Strandpulling is the general term for the practice of stretching steel springs, rubber cables or latex tubing, as a form of exercise and as a competitive sport, using a "chest expander", with many specific movements designed to target different muscles and provide progressive resistance usually, but not always, to the upper body.

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Strata (novel)

Strata is a science fiction novel by Terry Pratchett.

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Strength athlete

A strength athlete is a person who trains for or competes in events in which muscular strength and power play a primary role.

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Strength training

Strength training is a type of physical exercise specializing in the use of resistance to induce muscular contraction which builds the strength, anaerobic endurance, and size of skeletal muscles.

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Stretch marks

Stretch marks, also known as striae, are a form of scarring on the skin with an off-color hue.

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Stretch shortening cycle

A stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) is an active stretch (eccentric contraction) of a muscle followed by an immediate shortening (concentric contraction) of that same muscle.

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Stretching

Stretching is a form of physical exercise in which a specific muscle or tendon (or muscle group) is deliberately flexed or stretched in order to improve the muscle's felt elasticity and achieve comfortable muscle tone.

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Strunius

Strunius is an extinct genus of lobe-finned fish from the Late Devonian period of Germany.

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Strychnine poisoning

Strychnine poisoning can be fatal to humans and other animals and can occur by inhalation, swallowing or absorption through eyes or mouth.

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STS-93

STS-93 marked the 95th launch of the Space Shuttle, the 26th launch of ''Columbia'', and the 21st night launch of a Space Shuttle.

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Stylohyoid muscle

The stylohyoid muscle is a slender muscle, lying anterior, and superior of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle.

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Styloid process

In anatomy, a styloid process (from Greek stylos (στῦλος), "pillar"), usually serving as points of attachment for muscles, refers to the slender, pointed process (protrusion) of.

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Submandibular duct

The submandibular duct or Wharton duct or submaxillary duct, is one of the salivary excretory ducts.

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Suboccipital nerve

The suboccipital nerve is the dorsal primary ramus of the first cervical nerve (C1).

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Subscapularis muscle

The subscapularis is a large triangular muscle which fills the subscapular fossa and inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus and the front of the capsule of the shoulder-joint.

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Sucker (zoology)

A sucker in zoology refers to specialised attachment organ of an animal.

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Sucrose gap

The sucrose gap technique is used to create a conduction block in nerve or muscle fibers.

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Sulcus (morphology)

The term sulcus (pl. sulci) is a general descriptive term for a furrow or fissure.

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Suntukan

Suntukan is the fist-related striking component of Filipino martial arts.

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Super Maxx

Samuel DeCero (born c. 1959) is a retired American professional wrestler, manager, trainer and promoter, better known by his ring name, Super Maxx.

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Super Size Me

Super Size Me is a 2004 American documentary film directed by and starring Morgan Spurlock, an American independent filmmaker.

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Supercompensation

In sports science theory, supercompensation is the post training period during which the trained function/parameter has a higher performance capacity than it did prior to the training period.

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Superficial muscular aponeurotic system

Superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) is an area of musculature of the face.

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Superior gemellus muscle

The superior gemellus muscle is a muscle of the human body.

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Superior rectus muscle

The superior rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit.

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Suprahyoid muscles

The suprahyoid muscles are four muscles located above the hyoid bone in the neck.

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Surgical incision

In surgery, a surgical incision is a cut made through the skin and soft tissue to facilitate an operation or procedure.

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Surgical suture

Surgical suture is a medical device used to hold body tissues together after an injury or surgery.

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Suspensory behavior

Suspensory behaviour is a form of arboreal locomotion or a feeding behavior that involves hanging or suspension of the body below or among tree branches.

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Suspensory muscle of duodenum

The suspensory muscle of duodenum is a thin muscle connecting the junction between the duodenum, jejunum, and duodenojejunal flexure to connective tissue surrounding the superior mesenteric artery and coeliac artery.

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Swimfin

Swimfins, swim fins, fins or flippers are finlike accessories worn on the feet, legs or hands and made from rubber, plastic or combinations of these materials, to aid movement through the water in water sports activities such as swimming, bodyboarding, bodysurfing, kneeboarding, riverboarding, underwater hockey, underwater rugby and various other types of underwater diving.

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Swimming at the 2004 Summer Paralympics

Swimming at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, in the Olympic Aquatic Centre was competed in freestyle, backstroke and butterfly (classes Sn), the breaststroke (classes SBn) and individual medley (classes SMn).

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Synanceia horrida

Synanceia horrida, also known as the estuarine stonefish or regionally as simply stonefish, is a species of venomous fish of the family Synanceiidae.

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Syncytium

A syncytium or symplasm (plural syncytia; from Greek: σύν (syn).

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Synovial membrane

The synovial membrane (also known as synovium or stratum synoviale) is a specialized connective tissue that lines the inner surface of capsules of synovial joints and tendon sheath.

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Synovial sac

The synovial sac is one of the seven parts of a joint located in the body, along with muscle, tendon, ligament, bone, articular cartilage and bursa.

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SYNPO2

Myopodin protein, also called Synaptopodin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYNPO2 gene.

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T-bone steak

The T-bone and porterhouse are steaks of beef cut from the short loin (called the sirloin in Commonwealth countries and Ireland).

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Tachyaerobic

Tachyaerobic is a term used in biology to describe the muscles of large animals and birds that are able to maintain high levels or physical activity because their hearts make up at least 0.5-0.6 percent of their body mass and maintain high blood pressures.

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Tae Bo

Tae Bo is a total body fitness system that incorporates martial arts techniques such as kicks and punches, which became quite popular in the 1990s.

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Taenia asiatica

Taenia asiatica, commonly known as Asian taenia or Asian tapeworm, is a parasitic tapeworm of humans and pigs.

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Tail

The tail is the section at the rear end of an animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage to the torso.

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Takifugu

Takifugu is a genus of pufferfish, often better known by the Japanese name.

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Tallgrass Beef Company

Tallgrass Beef Company is a Kansas-based beef company that sells grass fed and grass finished beef.

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Tartaric acid

Tartaric acid is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in bananas, tamarinds and citrus.

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Task Force Baum

Task Force Baum was a secret and controversial World War II task force set up by U.S. Army general George S. Patton and commanded by Capt. Abraham Baum in late March 1945.

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Tastes like chicken

"Tastes like chicken" is a declaration used when trying to describe the flavor of an unusual food.

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TBX1

T-box transcription factor TBX1 also known as T-box protein 1 and testis-specific T-box protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBX1 gene.

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Tear of meniscus

A tear of a meniscus is a rupturing of one or more of the fibrocartilage strips in the knee called menisci.

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Tegument (helminth)

Tegument is a term in helminthology for the outer body covering among members of the phylum Platyhelminthes.

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Teleost

The teleosts or Teleostei (Greek: teleios, "complete" + osteon, "bone") are by far the largest infraclass in the class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes, and make up 96% of all extant species of fish.

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Temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD, TMJD) is an umbrella term covering pain and dysfunction of the muscles of mastication (the muscles that move the jaw) and the temporomandibular joints (the joints which connect the mandible to the skull).

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Tendon

A tendon or sinew is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension.

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Tendon cell

Tendon cells, or tenocytes, are elongated fibroblast type cells.

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Tendon-driven robot

Tendon-driven robots (TDR) are robots whose limbs mimic biological musculoskeletal systems.

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Tensegrity

Tensegrity, tensional integrity or floating compression is a structural principle based on the use of isolated components in compression inside a net of continuous tension, in such a way that the compressed members (usually bars or struts) do not touch each other and the prestressed tensioned members (usually cables or tendons) delineate the system spatially.

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Tensiomyography

Tensiomyography (TMG) is a measuring method for detection of skeletal muscles’ contractile properties.

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Tension myositis syndrome

Tension myositis syndrome (TMS), also known as tension myoneural syndrome or mindbody syndrome is a name given by John E. Sarno to a condition he described as characterized by psychogenic musculoskeletal and nerve symptoms, most notably back pain.

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Tensor fasciae latae muscle

The tensor fasciae latae (or tensor fasciæ latæ) is a muscle of the thigh.

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Tensor tympani muscle

The tensor tympani is a muscle within the ear, located in the bony canal above the osseous portion of the auditory tube.

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Teratoma

A teratoma is a tumor made up of several different types of tissue, such as hair, muscle, or bone.

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Terminologia Embryologica

The Terminologia Embryologica (TE) is a standardized list of words used in the description of human embryologic and fetal structures.

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Terminologia Histologica

The Terminologia Histologica (TH) is a controlled vocabulary for use in cytology and histology.

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Terrestrial locomotion

Terrestrial locomotion has evolved as animals adapted from aquatic to terrestrial environments.

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Testosterone

Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid.

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Testosterone (medication)

Testosterone is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone.

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Tetanospasmin

Tetanus toxin is an extremely potent neurotoxin produced by the vegetative cell of Clostridium tetani in anaerobic conditions, causing tetanus.

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Tetany

Tetany or tetany seizure is a medical sign consisting of the involuntary contraction of muscles, which may be caused by disease or other conditions that increase the action potential frequency of muscle cells or the nerves that innervate them.

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Tetrodotoxin

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin.

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Teuthowenia megalops

Teuthowenia megalops, sometimes known as the Atlantic cranch squid, is a species of glass squid from the subarctic and temperate waters of the northern Atlantic Ocean.

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TFM-4AS-1

TFM-4AS-1 is a dual selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) and 5α-reductase inhibitor.

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The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp

The Anatomy Lesson of Dr.

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The Art of Massage

John Harvey Kellogg wrote an extensive piece on concepts revolving around the topic of massage.

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The Arthur Terry School

The Arthur Terry School is a secondary school and sixth form with academy status in the Four Oaks area of Sutton Coldfield, England.

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The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals

The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals is Charles Darwin's third major work of evolutionary theory, following On The Origin of Species (1859) and The Descent of Man (1871).

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The Greatest (Diana Ross album)

The Greatest is a 2011 compilation album by Motown sensation Diana Ross and includes both solo material & Supremes classics plus duets with Lionel Richie, Rod Stewart, Michael Jackson, Ray Charles & Marvin Gaye.

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The Legacy of Heorot

The Legacy of Heorot is a science fiction novel by American writers Larry Niven, Jerry Pournelle, and Steven Barnes, first published in 1987.

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Thenar eminence

The thenar eminence refers to the group of muscles on the palm of the human hand at the base of the thumb.

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Theodor Schwann

Theodor Schwann (7 December 1810 – 11 January 1882) was a German physiologist.

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Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann

Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann (14 November 1843 – 20 May 1909) was a German botanist, physiologist, microbiologist, university professor, and musician whose 1882 experiment measured the effects of different colors of light on photosynthetic activity and showed that the conversion of light energy to chemical energy took place in the chloroplast.

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Theodorus Janssonius van Almeloveen

Theodorus Janssonius van Almeloveen (24 July 1657 – 28 July 1712) (Theodoor Jansson) was a Dutch physician, and the learned editor of various classical and medical works.

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Thermodynamic free energy

The thermodynamic free energy is the amount of work that a thermodynamic system can perform.

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Thermogenesis

Thermogenesis is the process of heat production in organisms.

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Thigh

In human anatomy, the thigh is the area between the hip (pelvis) and the knee.

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Thighmaster

The Thighmaster is an exercise product designed to shape one's thighs.

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Thomas Hodgkin

Thomas Hodgkin (17 August 1798 – 5 April 1866) was a British physician, considered one of the most prominent pathologists of his time and a pioneer in preventive medicine.

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Thoracic wall

The thoracic wall or chest wall is the boundary of the thoracic cavity.

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Thoroughbred

The Thoroughbred is a horse breed best known for its use in horse racing.

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Throwing

Throwing is the launching of a ballistic projectile by hand.

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Thyroid disease

Thyroid disease is a medical condition that affects the function of the thyroid gland (the endocrine organ found at the front of the neck that produces thyroid hormones).

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Tibialis anterior muscle

The tibialis anterior is a muscle in humans that originates in the upper two-thirds of the lateral (outside) surface of the tibia and inserts into the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot.

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Tibialis posterior muscle

The tibialis posterior is the most central of all the leg muscles, and is located in the deep posterior compartment of the leg.

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Tiger Woods PGA Tour 07

Tiger Woods PGA Tour 07 is the ninth golfing video game in the PGA Tour series from EA Sports.

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Tim Rooney

Timothy Hayes Yule (January 4, 1947 – September 23, 2006), better known as Tim Rooney, was an American actor.

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Timeline of human evolution

The timeline of human evolution outlines the major events in the development of the human species, Homo sapiens, and the evolution of the human's ancestors.

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Tissue engineering

Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological tissues.

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Titin

Titin, also known as connectin, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the TTN gene.

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Tizanidine

Tizanidine (trade names Zanaflex (Acorda Therapeutics), Sirdalud (Novartis), Relentus (Beximco Pharma) Is a centrally acting α2 adrenergic agonist used as a muscle relaxant. It is used to treat the spasms, cramping, and tightness of muscles caused by medical problems such as multiple sclerosis, ALS, spastic diplegia, back pain, or certain other injuries to the spine or central nervous system. It is also prescribed off-label for migraine headaches, as a sleep aid, and as an anticonvulsant. It is also prescribed for some symptoms of fibromyalgia. Tizanidine has been found to be as effective as other antispasmodic drugs and is more tolerable than baclofen and diazepam. Tizanidine can be very strong even at the 2 mg dose and may cause hypotension, so caution is advised when it is used in patients who have a history of orthostatic hypotension, or when switching from gel cap to tablet form and vice versa. Tizanidine can occasionally cause acute liver failure. Clinical trials show that up to 5% of patients treated with tizanidine had elevated liver function test values, though symptoms disappeared upon withdrawal of the drug. Care should be used when first beginning treatment with tizanidine with regular liver tests for the first six months of treatment. As of 2015 the cost for a typical month of medication in the United States is US$100200.

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TMEM106A

TMEM106A is a gene that encodes the transmembrane protein 106A (TMEM106A) in Homo sapiens.

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Tongue

The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of most vertebrates that manipulates food for mastication, and is used in the act of swallowing.

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Tonic vibration reflex

Tonic vibration reflex is a sustained contraction of a muscle subjected to vibration.

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Toning exercises

Toning exercises are physical exercises that are used with the aim of developing a physique with a large emphasis on musculature.

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Topographic map (neuroanatomy)

A topographic map is the ordered projection of a sensory surface, like the retina or the skin, or an effector system, like the musculature, to one or more structures of the central nervous system.

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Torpedinidae

The family Torpedinidae contains 22 species of electric rays or torpedoes, flat cartilaginous fishes that produce electricity as a defense and feeding mechanism.

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Torpedo (genus)

Torpedo is a genus of rays, commonly known as electric rays, torpedo rays, or torpedoes.

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Torsion (gastropod)

Torsion is a gastropod synapomorphy which occurs in all gastropods during larval development.

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Toshio Yanagida

(born 1946) is a Japanese biophysicist famous for his pioneer research in single molecule biology, and made important contributions to single molecule fluorescence microscopy.

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Toxin

A toxin (from toxikon) is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms; synthetic toxicants created by artificial processes are thus excluded.

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Trabecula

A trabecula (plural trabeculae, from Latin for "small beam") is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod that supports or anchors a framework of parts within a body or organ.

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Trace amine-associated receptor

Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), sometimes referred to as trace amine receptors (TAs or TARs), are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that were discovered in 2001.

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Training effect

Training effect refers to specific changes in muscular, cardiovascular, and neurohumoral systems that lead to improvement in functional capacity and strength due to regular endurance or resistance training.

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Transgender hormone therapy (female-to-male)

Transgender hormone therapy of the female-to-male (FTM) type, also known as masculinizing hormone therapy, is a form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and sex reassignment therapy which is used to change the secondary sexual characteristics of transgender people from feminine (or androgynous) to masculine.

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Transgender hormone therapy (male-to-female)

Transgender hormone therapy of the male-to-female (MTF) type, also known as feminizing hormone therapy, is a form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and sex reassignment therapy which is used to change the secondary sexual characteristics of transgender people from masculine (or androgynous) to feminine.

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Transient synovitis

Transient synovitis of the hip (also called toxic synovitis; see below for more synonyms) is a self-limiting condition in which there is an inflammation of the inner lining (the synovium) of the capsule of the hip joint.

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Transversospinales

The transversospinales are a group of muscles of the human back.

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Trapezius

The trapezius (or trapezoid) is a large paired surface muscle that extends longitudinally from the occipital bone to the lower thoracic vertebrae of the spine and laterally to the spine of the scapula.

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Treadle pump

A treadle pump is a human-powered suction pump that sits on top of a well and is used for irrigation.

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Triceps

The triceps, also triceps brachii (Latin for "three-headed muscle of the arm"), is a large muscle on the back of the upper limb of many vertebrates.

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Triceps surae muscle

The triceps surae is a pair of muscles located at the calf - the two-headed gastrocnemius and the soleus.

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Tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome

Tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome (THE), also known as syndromic or phenotypic diarrhea, is an extremely rare congenital bowel disorder which manifests itself as intractable diarrhea in infants with intrauterine growth retardation, hair and facial abnormalities.

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Trichosomoididae

The Trichosomoididae is a family of nematodes.

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Trimecaine

Trimecaine (systematic name (2,4,6-trimethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl)diethylammonium chloride, chemical formula C15H25ClN2O) is an organic compound used as a local anesthetic and cardial antiarrhythmic.

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Trimethylglycine

Trimethylglycine (TMG) is an amino acid derivative that occurs in plants.

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Tritylodontidae

Tritylodontidae ("three-knob teeth", named after the shape of animal's teeth) is an extinct family of small to medium-sized, highly specialized mammal-like cynodonts, bearing several mammalian traits like erect limbs, endothermy and details of the skeleton.

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Trophic level

The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food chain.

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Tropical agriculture

Worldwide more human beings gain their livelihood from agriculture than any other endeavor; the majority are self-employed subsistence farmers living in the tropics.

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Tropical ulcer

Tropical ulcer, more commonly known as jungle rot, is a chronic ulcerative skin lesion thought to be caused by polymicrobial infection with a variety of microorganisms, including mycobacteria.

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Tropomodulin

Tropomodulin (TMOD) is a protein which binds and caps the minus end of actin (the "pointed" end), regulating the length of actin filaments in muscle and non-muscle cells.

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Tubercle

In anatomy, a tubercle is any round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on external or internal organs of a plant or an animal.

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Tunicate

A tunicate is a marine invertebrate animal, a member of the subphylum Tunicata, which is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords.

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Turn on the forehand

Turn on the forehand is a lateral movement in equestrian schooling that involves moving the horse's hindquarters around his front legs.

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Type Ia sensory fiber

A type Ia sensory fiber, or a primary afferent fiber is a type of afferent nerve fiber.

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Typical antipsychotic

Typical antipsychotics are a class of antipsychotic drugs first developed in the 1950s and used to treat psychosis (in particular, schizophrenia).

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Tyranni

The Tyranni (suboscines) are a clade of passerine birds that includes more than 1,000 species, the large majority of which are South American.

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Tyrannosaurus

Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur.

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Uberon

Uberon is a comparative anatomy ontology representing a variety of structures found in animals, such as lungs, muscles, bones, feathers and fins.

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Ulcer (dermatology)

An ulcer is a sore on the skin or a mucous membrane, accompanied by the disintegration of tissue.

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Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy

Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy is a form of congenital muscular dystrophy.It is associated with variants of type VI collagen, it is commonly associated with muscle weakness and respiratory problems, though cardiac issues are not associated with this type of CMD.

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Uncanny valley

In aesthetics, the uncanny valley is a hypothesized relationship between the degree of an object's resemblance to a human being and the emotional response to such an object.

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Underwater camouflage

Underwater camouflage is the set of methods of achieving crypsis—avoidance of observation—that allows otherwise visible aquatic organisms to remain unnoticed by other organisms such as predators or prey.

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Upper limb

The upper limb or upper extremity is the region in a vertebrate animal extending from the deltoid region up to and including the hand, including the arm, axilla and shoulder.

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Urea

Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2.

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Urethral sphincters

The urethral sphincters are two muscles used to control the exit of urine in the urinary bladder through the urethra.

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Uridine diphosphate

Uridine diphosphate, abbreviated UDP, is a nucleotide diphosphate.

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Urinary bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ in humans and some other animals that collects and stores urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination.

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Uterine atony

Uterine atony is a loss of tone in the uterine musculature.

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Uterine sarcoma

The uterine sarcomas form a group of malignant tumors that arises from the smooth muscle or connective tissue of the uterus.

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Utetheisa ornatrix

The bella moth, ornate moth or rattlebox moth is a moth of the Arctiidae family.

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UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase

UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase also known as glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (or UDP–glucose pyrophosphorylase) is an enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism.

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Utrophin

Utrophin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UTRN gene.

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Uwe Windhorst

Uwe Windhorst (Prof. Dr. Uwe Windhorst) is a German neuroscientist, systems scientist and cyberneticist, who was born in Bremen, Germany in 1946.

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Vaginal atresia

Vaginal atresia is a condition in which the vagina is abnormally closed or absent.

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Vaginal support structures

The vaginal support structures are those muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, membranes and fascia, of the pelvic floor that maintain the position of the vagina within the pelvic cavity and allow the normal functioning of the vagina and other reproductive structures in the female.

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Vagusstoff

Vagusstoff (literally translated from German as "Vagus Substance") refers to the substance released by stimulation of the vagus nerve which causes a reduction in the heart rate.

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Vascular occlusion training

Vascular occlusion training (VOT) or muscle occlusion training (also called blood flow restriction training abbreviated BFR training) is an exercise approach involving compression of the vasculature proximal to the exercising muscles to reduce venous return from the limb, which causes venous pooling.

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Vastus medialis

The vastus medialis (vastus internus or teardrop muscle) is an extensor muscle located medially in the thigh that extends the knee.

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Vegetarian and vegan dog diet

Like the human practice of veganism, vegan dog foods are those formulated with the exclusion of ingredients that contain or were processed with any part of an animal, or any animal byproduct.

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Velociraptor

Velociraptor (meaning "swift seizer" in Latin) is a genus of dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived approximately 75 to 71 million years ago during the later part of the Cretaceous Period.

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Vertebra

In the vertebrate spinal column, each vertebra is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, the proportions of which vary according to the segment of the backbone and the species of vertebrate.

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Vertical jump

A vertical jump or vertical leap is the act of raising one's center of mass higher in the vertical plane solely with the use of one's own muscles; it is a measure of how high an individual or athlete can elevate off the ground (jump) from a standstill.

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Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency

Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD) is a fatty-acid metabolism disorder which prevents the body from converting certain fats to energy, particularly during periods without food.

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Vestibulo–ocular reflex

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is a reflex, where activation of the vestibular system causes eye movement.

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Viability assay

A viability assay is an assay to determine the ability of organs, cells or tissues to maintain or recover viability.

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Vibrio anguillarum

Vibrio anguillarum is a species of Gram-negative bacteria with a curved-rod shape and one polar flagellum.

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Viper dogfish

The viper dogfish or viper shark (Trigonognathus kabeyai) is a rare species of dogfish shark in the family Etmopteridae, and the only extant member of its genus.

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Viral neuronal tracing

Viral neuronal tracing is the use of a virus to trace neural pathways, providing a self-replicating tracer.

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Viremia

Viremia (UK: viraemia) is a medical condition where viruses enter the bloodstream and hence have access to the rest of the body.

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Virilization

Virilization or masculinization is the biological development of sex differences, changes that make a male body different from a female body.

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Virtua Fighter Kids

Virtua Fighter Kids is an installment in the Sega AM2 Virtua Fighter fighting game series.

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Visible Human Project

The Visible Human Project is an effort to create a detailed data set of cross-sectional photographs of the human body, in order to facilitate anatomy visualization applications.

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Vitamin

A vitamin is an organic molecule (or related set of molecules) which is an essential micronutrient - that is, a substance which an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism - but cannot synthesize it (either at all, or in sufficient quantities), and therefore it must be obtained through the diet.

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Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body: it is a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.

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Vocal warm up

A vocal warm-up is a series of exercises that prepare the voice for singing, acting, or other use.

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Walking

Walking (also known as ambulation) is one of the main gaits of locomotion among legged animals.

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Walter Morley Fletcher

Sir Walter Morley Fletcher, KBE FRS (21 July 1873 – 7 June 1933) was a British physiologist and administrator.

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Warfarin necrosis

Warfarin-induced skin necrosis (or, more generally, Anticoagulant-induced skin necrosis) is a condition in which skin and subcutaneous tissue necrosis (tissue death) occurs due to acquired protein C deficiency following treatment with anti-vitamin K anticoagulants (4-hydroxycoumarins, such as warfarin).

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Warming lubricant

Warming lubricant is a personal lubricant with the warming effect created due to added ingredients.

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Wasting

In medicine, wasting, also known as wasting syndrome, refers to the process by which a debilitating disease causes muscle and fat tissue to "waste" away.

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Water retention (medicine)

The term water retention (also known as fluid retention) or hydrops, hydropsy, edema, signifies an abnormal accumulation of clear, watery fluid in the tissues or cavities of the body.

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Water skiing

Water skiing (also waterskiing or water-skiing) is a surface water sport in which an individual is pulled behind a boat or a cable ski installation over a body of water, skimming the surface on two skis or one ski.

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Wayne Odesnik

Wayne Odesnik (born November 21, 1985) is a South African-born American retired professional left-handed tennis player, with a two-handed backhand.

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Wearable generator

A wearable generator is an article of clothing that contains some form of electrical generation system built in.

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Weight gain

Weight gain is an increase in body weight.

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Wilhelm Kühne

Wilhelm Friedrich Kühne (28 March 1837 – 10 June 1900) was a German physiologist.

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William Jabez Muckley

William Jabez Muckley (March 23, 1829 – August 30, 1905) was a noted English artist who was born at Wordsley, Kingswinford, in Staffordshire.

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Wilms' tumor

Wilms tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is a cancer of the kidneys that typically occurs in children, rarely in adults.

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Woman

A woman is an adult female human being.

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Woolly rhinoceros

The woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) is an extinct species of rhinoceros that was common throughout Europe and northern Asia during the Pleistocene epoch and survived the last glacial period.

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Work Capacity Test

The Work Capacity Test (WCT), known informally as the pack test, is a U.S. Forest Service physical test for wildland firefighters.

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Work loop

The work loop technique is used in muscle physiology to evaluate the mechanical work and power output of skeletal or cardiac muscle contractions via ''in vitro'' muscle testing of whole muscles, fiber bundles or single muscle fibers.

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Workin' Overtime World Tour

Workin' Overtime World Tour was a concert tour by American singer Diana Ross.

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Wrist drop

Wrist drop, (radial nerve or musculospiral nerve palsy, and colloquially as crutch paralysis, Saturday night palsy or honeymoon palsy), is a medical condition in which the wrist and the fingers cannot extend at the metacarpophalangeal joints.

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Wrist shot

A wrist shot is a type of hockey shot that involves using arm muscles (especially those in the wrist and forearm) to propel a puck forward from the concave side of the blade of a hockey stick.

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Wu Xing

The Wu Xing, also known as the Five Elements, Five Phases, the Five Agents, the Five Movements, Five Processes, the Five Steps/Stages and the Five Planets of significant gravity: Jupiter-木, Saturn-土, Mercury-水, Venus-金, Mars-火Dr Zai, J..

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Wynn's propulsion effect

Wynn's Propulsion Effect is a thermodynamic force exerted on the plasma membrane of the cardiovascular tissue of amphibians, particularly notable with the toad, Bufo marinus.

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X-Men 2099

X-Men 2099 was a comic book series published by Marvel Comics from 1993 to 1996 that chronicled the adventures of an X-Men team in the year 2099.

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X-ray

X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation.

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Xenoma

A xenoma (also known as a 'xenoparasitic complex') is a growth caused by various protists and fungi, most notably microsporidia.

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Yo-yo effect

Yo-yo dieting or yo-yo effect, also known as weight cycling, is a term coined by Kelly D. Brownell at Yale University, in reference to the cyclical loss and gain of weight, resembling the up-down motion of a yo-yo.

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Yoky Matsuoka

Yoky Matsuoka (born c. 1972 in Japan) is the former Vice President of Technology at Nest, where she was in charge of UX and the learning aspects of Nest's thermostat.

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Zygomaticus major muscle

The zygomaticus major is a muscle of the human body.

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Zygomaticus minor muscle

The zygomaticus minor is a muscle of facial expression.

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ZygoteBody

ZygoteBody, formerly Google Body, is a web application by Zygote Media Group that renders manipulable 3D anatomical models of the human body.

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1-Testosterone

1-Testosterone (abbreviated and nicknamed as 1-Testo, 1-T), also known as δ1-dihydrotestosterone (δ1-DHT), as well as dihydroboldenone, is a synthetic anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) and derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) which was never marketed.

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1667 in science

The year 1667 in science and technology involved some significant events.

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1747 in science

The year 1747 in science and technology involved some significant events.

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1927–28 Danmarksmesterskabsturneringen

The 1927–28 Danmarksmesterskabsturneringen i Fodbold was the 1st edition of the new year-long structure for the Danish national football championship play-offs, a Danish FA-organised club football tournament between the highest ranking clubs from each of the six regional football associations.

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1950–51 Ashes series

The 1950–51 Ashes series consisted of five cricket Test matches, each of six days with five hours play each day and eight ball overs.

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2009 Chinese lead poisoning scandal

The 2009 Chinese lead poisoning scandal occurred in the Shaanxi province of China when pollution from a lead plant poisoned children in the surrounding area.

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2012 in science

The year 2012 involved many significant scientific events and discoveries, including the first orbital rendezvous by a commercial spacecraft, the discovery of a particle highly similar to the long-sought Higgs boson, and the near-eradication of guinea worm disease.

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2012–13 Persepolis F.C. season

The 2012–13 season was Persepolis's 12th season in the Pro League, and their 30th consecutive season in the top division of Iranian Football.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle

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