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167 relations: 'Amr ibn al-'As, Abu Bakr, Al-Mu'tasim, Al-Qata'i, Alexandria, Alodia, Ancient Egypt in the Western imagination, Ancient Rome, Antonine Plague, Arab Christians, Armenians in Egypt, Augustamnica, Babylon Fortress, Baqt, Battle of Heliopolis, Battle of Nikiou, Battle of Sufetula, Battle of Yarmouk, Bayoumi Andil, Beer in Egypt, Ben oil, Beni Mur, Byzantine Anatolia, Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty, Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty, Byzantine mints, Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, Byzantine–Sasanian wars, Cairo, Calendar era, Canal of the Pharaohs, City of the Dead (Cairo), Clysma, Coptic architecture, Coptic Cairo, Coptic identity, Coptic language, Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, Coptic period, Copts, Cosmas I of Alexandria, Decline of ancient Egyptian religion, Decline of the Byzantine Empire, Diocese of Antinoe, Diocese of Egypt, Early African Church, Early Middle Ages, Early social changes under Islam, Egypt, Egypt (Roman province), ..., Egypt–Italy relations, Egyptian Arabic, Egyptian astronomy, Egyptian wine, Egyptians, Ethiopian historiography, First Battle of Dongola, First Crusade, First Fitna, Fustat, Futuh, Gharbia Governorate, Greek diaspora, Gregory the Patrician, Growth of religion, Hermopolis, History of Africa, History of Alexandria, History of ancient Egypt, History of Egypt, History of Europe, History of Roman-era Tunisia, History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam, Ibn Taghribirdi, Incense Route, Index of Byzantine Empire-related articles, Indian Ocean trade, Indo-Roman trade relations, Islam in Sudan, Islamic Cairo, Islamic military jurisprudence, Islamization of Egypt, Islamization of the Sudan region, Italo-Albanian Catholic Church, John of Nikiû, Jund, Khalid ibn al-Walid, Kharija bin Huzafa, Language shift, Languages of the Roman Empire, Legio V Macedonica, Library of Alexandria, List of ancient Platonists, List of building or structure fires, List of Byzantine wars, List of common misconceptions, List of conflicts in Egypt, List of conflicts in the Near East, List of Coptic Orthodox Popes of Alexandria, List of invasions, List of the oldest mosques, List of wars before 1000, Mahra Sultanate, Maslama ibn Mukhallad al-Ansari, Maximus the Confessor, Medieval warfare, Memphis, Egypt, Middle Ages, Military conquests of Umar's era, Military history of Libya, Moharam (family), Mokattam, Monastery of Saint Mina, Mount Athos, Muhammad, Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, Oea, Omar (TV series), Outline of Egypt, Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Oxyrhynchus, Oxyrhynchus Papyri, Patriarch Onopsus of Alexandria, Patriarch Peter IV of Alexandria, Persecution of Copts, Pope Agatho of Alexandria, Pope Benjamin I of Alexandria, Post-classical history, Ptolemaic Kingdom, Ras El Bar, Rashidun, Rashidun army, Rashidun Caliphate, Religion in Egypt, Renaissance, Ridda wars, Roman Empire, Roman legion, Roman–Persian Wars, Samuel the Confessor, Saqqara, Sasanian Empire, Sham Ennessim, Sheikh Zuweid, Siege of Alexandria (641), Siege of Babylon Fortress, Siege of Constantinople (674–678), Siege of Jerusalem (636–637), Slavery in Sudan, The Muslim 100, Thmuis, Timeline of healthcare in Egypt, Timeline of Middle Eastern history, Timeline of Roman history, Transmission of the Greek Classics, Tripoli, Ubada ibn as-Samit, University of Michigan Papyrology Collection, Violence in the Quran, Wadi El Natrun, Zubayr ibn al-Awam, 639, 645, 646, 7th century, 893. Expand index (117 more) »
'Amr ibn al-'As
'Amr ibn al-'As (عمرو بن العاص; 6 January 664) was an Arab military commander who led the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 640.
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Abu Bakr
Abū Bakr aṣ-Ṣiddīq ‘Abdallāh bin Abī Quḥāfah (أبو بكر الصديق عبد الله بن أبي قحافة; 573 CE23 August 634 CE), popularly known as Abu Bakr (أبو بكر), was a senior companion (Sahabi) and—through his daughter Aisha—the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Abu Bakr became the first openly declared Muslim outside Muhammad's family.Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami (2003), The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments, p.26, 59. UK Islamic Academy.. Abu Bakr served as a trusted advisor to Muhammad. During Muhammad's lifetime, he was involved in several campaigns and treaties.Tabqat ibn al-Saad book of Maghazi, page no:62 He ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632 to 634 CE when he became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death. As caliph, Abu Bakr succeeded to the political and administrative functions previously exercised by Muhammad. He was commonly known as The Truthful (الصديق). Abu Bakr's reign lasted for 2 years, 2 months, 2 weeks and 1 day ending with his death after an illness.
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Al-Mu'tasim
Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Rashīd (أبو إسحاق محمد بن هارون الرشيد; October 796 – 5 January 842), better known by his regnal name al-Muʿtaṣim bi’llāh (المعتصم بالله, "he who seeks refuge in God"), was the eighth Abbasid caliph, ruling from 833 to his death in 842.
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Al-Qata'i
Al-Qaṭāʾi (القطائـع) was the short-lived Tulunid capital of Egypt, founded by Ahmad ibn Tulun in the year 868 CE.
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Alexandria
Alexandria (or; Arabic: الإسكندرية; Egyptian Arabic: إسكندرية; Ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ; Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country.
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Alodia
Alodia, also referred to as Alwa or Aloa, was a medieval Nubian kingdom in what is now central and southern Sudan.
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Ancient Egypt in the Western imagination
The Nile Mosaic of Palestrina. Egypt has had a legendary image in the Western world through the Greek and Hebrew traditions.
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Ancient Rome
In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.
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Antonine Plague
The Antonine Plague of 165–180 AD, also known as the Plague of Galen (from the name of the Greek physician living in the Roman Empire who described it), was an ancient pandemic brought back to the Roman Empire by troops returning from campaigns in the Near East.
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Arab Christians
Arab Christians (مسيحيون عرب Masīḥiyyūn ʿArab) are Arabs of the Christian faith.
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Armenians in Egypt
Armenians in Egypt are a community with a long history.
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Augustamnica
Augustamnica (Latin) or Augoustamnike (Greek) was a Roman province of Egypt created during the 5th century and was part of the Diocese of Oriens first and then of the Diocese of Egypt, until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in the 640s.
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Babylon Fortress
Babylon Fortress was an ancient fortress city or castle in the Delta of Egypt, located in the area today known as Coptic Cairo.
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Baqt
The Baqt (or Bakt) was a treaty between the Christian state of Makuria and the Muslim rulers of Egypt.
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Battle of Heliopolis
The Battle of Heliopolis or Ayn Shams was a decisive battle between Arab Muslim armies and Byzantine forces for the control of Egypt.
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Battle of Nikiou
The Battle of Nikiou was a battle between Arab Muslim troops under General Amr ibn al-A'as and the Byzantine Empire in Egypt in May of 646.
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Battle of Sufetula
The Battle of Sufetula took place in 647 between the Arab Muslim forces of the Rashidun Caliphate and the Byzantine Exarchate of Africa.
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Battle of Yarmouk
The Battle of Yarmouk was a major battle between the army of the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim Arab forces of the Rashidun Caliphate.
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Bayoumi Andil
Bayoumi Andil (بيومي قنديل) (31 July 1942 to 8 October 2009) was an Egyptian linguist and writer who authored many books on Egyptian culture and Modern Egyptian language.
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Beer in Egypt
Beer in Egypt has long held a significant role, and its presence in the country is thought to date back to the Predynastic period.
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Ben oil
Ben oil is pressed from the seeds of the Moringa oleifera, known variously as the horseradish tree, ben oil tree, or drumstick tree.
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Beni Mur
Beni Mur (بني مر, also spelled Bani Murr) is an Egyptian town in Upper Egypt located 8 kilometers north of the city of Asyut.
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Byzantine Anatolia
The history of the Eastern Roman Empire (324–1453) is generally considered to fall into three distinct eras.
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Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty
The Byzantine Empire was ruled by emperors of the dynasty of Heraclius between 610 and 711.
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Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty
The Byzantine Empire was ruled by the Isaurian or Syrian dynasty from 717 to 802.
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Byzantine mints
The East Roman or Byzantine Empire established and operated several mints throughout its history (330–1453).
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Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
The Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 was the final and most devastating of the series of wars fought between the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire and the Sasanian Empire of Iran.
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Byzantine–Sasanian wars
The Byzantine–Sassanid wars, also known as the Irano-Byzantine wars refers to a series of conflicts between the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire and the Sassanian Empire of Persia.
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Cairo
Cairo (القاهرة) is the capital of Egypt.
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Calendar era
A calendar era is the year numbering system used by a calendar.
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Canal of the Pharaohs
The Canal of the Pharaohs, also called the Ancient Suez Canal or Necho's Canal, is the forerunner of the Suez Canal, constructed in ancient times.
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City of the Dead (Cairo)
The City of the Dead, or Cairo Necropolis (Qarafa, el-Arafa), is an Islamic necropolis and cemetery below the Mokattam Hills in southeastern Cairo, Egypt.
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Clysma
Clysma (Κλῦσμα, Κλειυσμα) was an ancient city in Egypt.
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Coptic architecture
Coptic architecture is the architecture of the Copts, who form the majority of Christians in Egypt.
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Coptic Cairo
Coptic Cairo is a part of Old Cairo which encompasses the Babylon Fortress, the Coptic Museum, the Hanging Church, the Greek Church of St. George and many other Coptic churches and historical sites.
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Coptic identity
Copts have a long history as a religious minority in Egypt, in which Muslim adherents form the majority.
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Coptic language
Coptic or Coptic Egyptian (Bohairic: ti.met.rem.ən.khēmi and Sahidic: t.mənt.rəm.ən.kēme) is the latest stage of the Egyptian language, a northern Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Egypt until at least the 17th century.
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Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria (Coptic: Ϯⲉⲕ̀ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ̀ⲛⲣⲉⲙ̀ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ, ti.eklyseya en.remenkimi en.orthodoxos, literally: the Egyptian Orthodox Church) is an Oriental Orthodox Christian church based in Egypt, Northeast Africa and the Middle East.
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Coptic period
The "Coptic period" is an informal designation for Late Roman Egypt (3rd−4th centuries) and Byzantine Egypt (4th−7th centuries).
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Copts
The Copts (ⲚⲓⲢⲉⲙ̀ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ ̀ⲛ̀Ⲭⲣⲏⲥⲧⲓ̀ⲁⲛⲟⲥ,; أقباط) are an ethnoreligious group indigenous to North Africa who primarily inhabit the area of modern Egypt, where they are the largest Christian denomination in the country.
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Cosmas I of Alexandria
Cosmas I or Kosmas I (Κοσμάς Α′) served as Greek Patriarch of Alexandria between ca.
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Decline of ancient Egyptian religion
The decline of indigenous religions practices in ancient Egypt is largely attributed to the spread of Christianity in Egypt, and its strict monotheistic nature not allowing the syncretism seen between Egyptian religion and other polytheistic religions, such as that of the Romans.
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Decline of the Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire (the Eastern Roman Empire during the medieval period, after the fall of the Western Roman Empire) following the crisis of the Gothic Wars managed to re-establish itself in a golden age under the Justinian dynasty in the 6th century, and during the Early Middle Ages it continued to flourish even after the Muslim conquest of the Levant and the constant threat of Arab invasion.
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Diocese of Antinoe
The Archdiocese of Antinoe is titular diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Province of Egypt.
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Diocese of Egypt
The Diocese of Egypt (Dioecesis Aegypti, Διοίκησις Αἰγύπτου) was a diocese of the later Roman Empire (from 395 the Eastern Roman Empire), incorporating the provinces of Egypt and Cyrenaica.
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Early African Church
The name Early African Church is given to the Christian communities inhabiting the region known politically as Roman Africa, and comprised geographically within the following limits, namely: the Mediterranean littoral between Cyrenaica on the east and the river Ampsaga (now the Oued Rhumel (fr)) on the west; that part of it that faces the Atlantic Ocean being called Mauretania.
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Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages or Early Medieval Period, typically regarded as lasting from the 5th or 6th century to the 10th century CE, marked the start of the Middle Ages of European history.
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Early social changes under Islam
Many social changes took place under Islam between 610 and 661, including the period of Muhammad's mission and the rule of his four immediate successors who established the Rashidun Caliphate.
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Egypt
Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
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Egypt (Roman province)
The Roman province of Egypt (Aigyptos) was established in 30 BC after Octavian (the future emperor Augustus) defeated his rival Mark Antony, deposed Queen Cleopatra VII, and annexed the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt to the Roman Empire.
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Egypt–Italy relations
Egypt–Italy relations refer to relations between Egypt and Italy.
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Egyptian Arabic
Egyptian Arabic, locally known as the Egyptian colloquial language or Masri, also spelled Masry, meaning simply "Egyptian", is spoken by most contemporary Egyptians.
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Egyptian astronomy
Egyptian astronomy begins in prehistoric times, in the Predynastic Period.
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Egyptian wine
Winemaking has a long tradition in Egypt dating back to the 3rd millennium BC.
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Egyptians
Egyptians (مَصريين;; مِصريّون; Ni/rem/en/kīmi) are an ethnic group native to Egypt and the citizens of that country sharing a common culture and a common dialect known as Egyptian Arabic.
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Ethiopian historiography
Ethiopian historiography embodies the ancient, medieval, early modern and modern disciplines of recording the history of Ethiopia, including both native and foreign sources.
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First Battle of Dongola
The First Battle of Dongola was a battle between early Arab-Muslim forces of the Rashidun Caliphate and the Nubian-Christian forces of the Kingdom of Makuria in 642.
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First Crusade
The First Crusade (1095–1099) was the first of a number of crusades that attempted to recapture the Holy Land, called for by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095.
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First Fitna
The First Fitna (فتنة مقتل عثمان fitnat maqtal ʿUthmān "strife/sedition of the killing of Uthman") was a civil war within the Rashidun Caliphate which resulted in the overthrowing of the Rashidun caliphs and the establishment of the Umayyad dynasty.
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Fustat
Fustat (الفسطاط al-Fusţāţ), also Fostat, Al Fustat, Misr al-Fustat and Fustat-Misr, was the first capital of Egypt under Muslim rule.
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Futuh
In classical Islamic literature the futūḥ were the early Arab-Muslim conquests which facilitated the spread of Islam and Islamic civilization.
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Gharbia Governorate
Gharbia Governorate (محافظة الغربية) is one of the governorates of Egypt.
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Greek diaspora
The Greek diaspora, Hellenic diaspora or Omogenia (Ομογένεια) refers to the communities of Greek people living outside; Greece, Cyprus, the traditional Greek homelands, Albania, parts of the Balkans, southern Russia, Ukraine, Asia Minor, the region of Pontus, as well as Eastern Anatolia, Georgia, the South Caucasus, Egypt, Southern Italy and Cargèse in Corsica.
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Gregory the Patrician
Gregory the Patrician (Γρηγόριος, Flavius Gregorius, died 647) was a Byzantine Exarch of Africa (modern Tunisia and eastern Algeria).
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Growth of religion
Growth of religion is the spread of religions and the increase of religious adherents around the world.
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Hermopolis
Hermopolis (also Hermopolis Magna, Ἑρμοῦ πόλις μεγάλη Hermou polis megale, Ḫmnw, Egyptological pronunciation: "Khemenu", Coptic Shmun) was a major city in antiquity, located near the boundary between Lower and Upper Egypt.
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History of Africa
The history of Africa begins with the emergence of hominids, archaic humans and – around 5.6 to 7.5 million years ago.
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History of Alexandria
The history of Alexandria dates back to the city's founding, by Alexander the Great, in 331 BC.
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History of ancient Egypt
The history of ancient Egypt spans the period from the early prehistoric settlements of the northern Nile valley to the Roman conquest, in 30 BC.
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History of Egypt
The history of Egypt has been long and rich, due to the flow of the Nile River with its fertile banks and delta, as well as the accomplishments of Egypt's native inhabitants and outside influence.
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History of Europe
The history of Europe covers the peoples inhabiting Europe from prehistory to the present.
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History of Roman-era Tunisia
The history of Roman-era Tunisia begins with the history of the Roman Africa Province.
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History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria
The History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria is a major historical work of the Coptic Orthodox Church.
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Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam
Abu'l Qāsim ʿAbd ar-Raḥman bin ʿAbdullah bin ʿAbd al-Ḥakam bin Aʿyan al-Qurashī al-Mașrī (أبو القاسم عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم بن اعين القرشي المصري), generally known simply as Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥakam (born: 187 A.H/ 803 A.D- died 257 A.H/ 871 A.D at al-Fustat near Cairo) was an Egyptian Muslim historian who wrote a work generally known as The Conquest of Egypt and North Africa and Spain (فتح مصر و المغرب و الاندلس, Futūḥ mișr wa'l maghrab wa'l andalus).
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Ibn Taghribirdi
Jamal al-Din Yusuf bin al-Amir Sayf al-Din Taghribirdi (Arabic: جمال الدين يوسف بن الأمير سيف الدين تغري بردي) or Ibn Taghribirdi (2 February 1411— 5 June 1470; 813-874 Hijri) was an Egyptian historian born into the Turkish Mamluk elite of Cairo in the 15th century.
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Incense Route
The Incense trade route comprised a network of major ancient land and sea trading routes linking the Mediterranean world with Eastern and Southern sources of incense, spices and other luxury goods, stretching from Mediterranean ports across the Levant and Egypt through Northeastern Africa and Arabia to India and beyond.
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Index of Byzantine Empire-related articles
This is a list of people, places, things, and concepts related to or originating from the Byzantine Empire (AD 330–1453).
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Indian Ocean trade
Indian Ocean Trade has been a key factor in East–West exchanges throughout history.
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Indo-Roman trade relations
Indo-Roman trade relations (see also the spice trade and incense road) was trade between the Indian subcontinent and the Roman Empire in Europe and the Mediterranean.
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Islam in Sudan
Islam is the largest religion in Sudan, and Muslims have dominated national government institutions since independence in 1956.
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Islamic Cairo
Islamic Cairo (قاهرة المعز, Qahirat al-Maez) is a part of central Cairo around the old walled city and around the Citadel of Cairo which is characterized by hundreds of mosques, tombs, madrasas, mansions, caravanserais, and fortifications dating from the Islamic era.
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Islamic military jurisprudence
Islamic military jurisprudence refers to what has been accepted in Sharia (Islamic law) and Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) by Ulama (Islamic scholars) as the correct Islamic manner which is expected to be obeyed by Muslims in times of war.
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Islamization of Egypt
The Islamization of Egypt occurred as a result of the Muslim conquest by the Arabs led by Amr ibn al-Aas, the military governor of Palestine.
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Islamization of the Sudan region
The Islamization of the Sudan region (Sahel) encompasses a prolonged period of religious conversion, through military conquest and trade relations, spanning the 8th to 16th centuries.
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Italo-Albanian Catholic Church
The Italo-Albanian Catholic Church (Chiesa cattolica Italo-Albanese; Kisha Bizantine Arbëreshe), Italo-Albanian Byzantine Catholic Church or Italo-Albanian Church, is one of the 23 Eastern Catholic Churches which, together with the Latin Church, compose the Catholic Church.
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John of Nikiû
John of Nikiû (fl 680-690) was an Egyptian Coptic bishop of Nikiû (Pashati) (now Zawyat Razin) in the Nile Delta and general administrator of the monasteries of Upper Egypt in 696.
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Jund
Under the early Caliphates, jund (جند; plural ajnad, اجناد) was a term for a military division, which became applied to Arab military colonies in the conquered lands and, most notably, to the provinces into which Greater Syria (the Levant) was divided.
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Khalid ibn al-Walid
Abū Sulaymān Khālid ibn al-Walīd ibn al-Mughīrah al-Makhzūmī (أبو سليمان خالد بن الوليد بن المغيرة المخزومي‎; 585–642), also known as Sayf ullah al-Maslūl (سيف الله المسلول; Drawn Sword of God) was a companion of Muhammad.
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Kharija bin Huzafa
Kharija bin Huzafa, was a companion of Muhammad and later one of the successful commanders of the Rashidun army.
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Language shift
Language shift, also known as language transfer or language replacement or language assimilation, is the process whereby a community of speakers of a language shifts to speaking a completely different language, usually over an extended period of time.
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Languages of the Roman Empire
Latin and Greek were the official languages of the Roman Empire, but other languages were important regionally.
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Legio V Macedonica
Legio quinta Macedonica (the Fifth Macedonian Legion) was a Roman legion.
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Library of Alexandria
The Royal Library of Alexandria or Ancient Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world.
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List of ancient Platonists
Platonists are followers of Platonism, the philosophy of Plato.
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List of building or structure fires
This is a list of building or structure fires where a building or structure has caught fire.
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List of Byzantine wars
This is a list of the wars or external conflicts fought during the history of the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire (330–1453).
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List of common misconceptions
This list of common misconceptions corrects erroneous beliefs that are currently widely held about notable topics.
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List of conflicts in Egypt
This is a list of conflicts in Egypt arranged chronologically from ancient to modern times.
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List of conflicts in the Near East
The area known as the "Near East" is usually referred to as Middle East in modern contexts.
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List of Coptic Orthodox Popes of Alexandria
The following is a list of all of the Coptic Orthodox Popes of Alexandria who have led the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria and have succeeded the Apostle Mark the Evangelist in the office of Bishop of Alexandria, who founded the Church in the 1st century, and therefore marked the beginning of Christianity in Africa.
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List of invasions
This is a list of invasions ordered by date.
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List of the oldest mosques
The designation of the oldest mosque in the world requires careful use of definitions, and must be divided into two parts, the oldest in the sense of oldest surviving building, and the oldest in the sense of oldest mosque congregation.
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List of wars before 1000
This is a list of wars that began before 1000 AD. Other wars can be found in the historical lists of wars and the list of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity.
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Mahra Sultanate
The Mahra Sultanate of Qishn and Socotra (سلطنة المهرة في قشن وسقطرة) or sometimes the Mahra Sultanate of Ghayda and Socotra (سلطنة المهرة في الغيضة وسقطرى) was a sultanate that included the historical region of Mahra and the Indian Ocean island of Socotra in what is now eastern Yemen.
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Maslama ibn Mukhallad al-Ansari
Maslama ibn Mukhallad ibn al-Samit al-Ansari (616 or 620 – 9 April 682), to whom the tecnonymics Abu Ma'n or Sa'id or Umar are ascribed, was one of the Companions of the Prophet and active in Egypt in the decades after its conquest by the Muslims.
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Maximus the Confessor
Maximus the Confessor (Ὁμολογητής), also known as Maximus the Theologian and Maximus of Constantinople (c. 580 – 13 August 662), was a Christian monk, theologian, and scholar.
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Medieval warfare
Medieval warfare is the European warfare of the Middle Ages.
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Memphis, Egypt
Memphis (مَنْف; ⲙⲉⲙϥⲓ; Μέμφις) was the ancient capital of Aneb-Hetch, the first nome of Lower Egypt.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.
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Military conquests of Umar's era
Umar was the second Rashidun Caliph and reigned during 634-644.
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Military history of Libya
The military history of Libya covers the period from the ancient era to the modern age.
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Moharam (family)
Moharam of Judham of Murrah of Sheba of Kahlan of Qahtanite origin (also Moharram, Muharram, Aal Moharam, Aal Maharema) (Arabic: مُحَرَّم or المحارمة) is a family lineage from Egypt with ancestors from Yemen.
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Mokattam
The Mokattam (المقطم, also spelled Muqattam), also known as the Mukattam Mountain or Hills, is the name of a range of hills and a suburb in them, located in southeastern Cairo, Egypt.
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Monastery of Saint Mina
The Monastery of Saint Mina is a monastery of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria located in the Western Desert near Alexandria.
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Mount Athos
Mount Athos (Άθως, Áthos) is a mountain and peninsula in northeastern Greece and an important centre of Eastern Orthodox monasticism.
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Muhammad
MuhammadFull name: Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāšim (ابو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله ابن عبد المطلب ابن هاشم, lit: Father of Qasim Muhammad son of Abd Allah son of Abdul-Muttalib son of Hashim) (مُحمّد;;Classical Arabic pronunciation Latinized as Mahometus c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE)Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition.
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Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb (الفَتْحُ الإسْلَامِيُّ لِلمَغْرِبِ) continued the century of rapid Arab Early Muslim conquests following the death of Muhammad in 632 AD and into the Byzantine-controlled territories of Northern Africa.
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Oea
Oea was an ancient city in present-day Centre ville, à le Souq, Yafran Tripoli, Libya.
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Omar (TV series)
Omar (عُمَرْ) or Farouk Omar (عمر فاروق) is a historical Arab television drama miniseries-serial that was produced and broadcast by MBC1 and directed by the Syrian director Hatem Ali.
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Outline of Egypt
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Egypt: Egypt (مصر) is a sovereign country located in eastern North Africa that includes the Sinai Peninsula, a land bridge to Asia.
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Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, edited by Donald B. Redford and published in three volumes by Oxford University Press in 2001, contains 600 articles that cover the 4,000 years of the history of Ancient Egypt, from the predynastic era to the seventh century CE.
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Oxyrhynchus
Oxyrhynchus (Ὀξύρρυγχος Oxýrrhynkhos; "sharp-nosed"; ancient Egyptian Pr-Medjed; Coptic Pemdje; modern Egyptian Arabic El Bahnasa) is a city in Middle Egypt, located about 160 km south-southwest of Cairo, in the governorate of Al Minya.
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Oxyrhynchus Papyri
The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are a group of manuscripts discovered during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by papyrologists Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt at an ancient rubbish dump near Oxyrhynchus in Egypt (modern el-Bahnasa).
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Patriarch Onopsus of Alexandria
Onopsus served as Greek Patriarch of Alexandria sometime between the 7th and 8th centuries; the exact dates are not known.
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Patriarch Peter IV of Alexandria
Peter IV served as Greek Patriarch of Alexandria from 642 to 651.
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Persecution of Copts
Copts (Coptic: ou.Remenkīmi en.Ekhristianos, literally: "Egyptian Christian") are native Egyptian Christians, usually Orthodox, who currently make up between 10 and 15% of the population of Egypt — the largest religious minority of that country.
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Pope Agatho of Alexandria
Saint Agathon of Alexandria, was the 39th Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark.
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Pope Benjamin I of Alexandria
Pope Benjamin I of Alexandria, 38th Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark.
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Post-classical history
Post-classical history (also called the Post-Antiquity era, Post-Ancient Era, or Pre-Modern Era) is a periodization commonly used by the school of "world history" instead of Middle Ages (Medieval) which is roughly synonymous.
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Ptolemaic Kingdom
The Ptolemaic Kingdom (Πτολεμαϊκὴ βασιλεία, Ptolemaïkḕ basileía) was a Hellenistic kingdom based in Egypt.
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Ras El Bar
Ras El Bar (راس البر), which means "head of land", is a resort city in the Governorate of Damietta, in northeast Egypt.
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Rashidun
The Rashidun Caliphs (Rightly Guided Caliphs; الخلفاء الراشدون), often simply called, collectively, "the Rashidun", is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the 30-year reign of the first four caliphs (successors) following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, namely: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali of the Rashidun Caliphate, the first caliphate.
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Rashidun army
The Rashidun army was the core of the Rashidun Caliphate's armed forces during the Muslim conquests of the 7th century, serving alongside the Rashidun navy.
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Rashidun Caliphate
The Rashidun Caliphate (اَلْخِلَافَةُ ٱلرَّاشِدَةُ) (632–661) was the first of the four major caliphates established after the death of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad.
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Religion in Egypt
Religion in Egypt controls many aspects of social life and is endorsed by law.
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Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries.
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Ridda wars
The Ridda Wars (Arabic: حروب الردة), also known as the Wars of Apostasy, were a series of military campaigns launched by the Caliph Abu Bakr against rebel Arabian tribes during 632 and 633, just after Muhammad died.
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Roman Empire
The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.
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Roman legion
A Roman legion (from Latin legio "military levy, conscription", from legere "to choose") was a large unit of the Roman army.
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Roman–Persian Wars
The Roman–Persian Wars were a series of conflicts between states of the Greco-Roman world and two successive Iranian empires: the Parthian and the Sasanian.
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Samuel the Confessor
Saint Samuel the Confessor (referred to in academic literature as Samuel of Kalamoun or Samuel of Qalamun) is a Coptic Orthodox saint, venerated in all Oriental Orthodox Churches.
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Saqqara
Saqqara (سقارة), also spelled Sakkara or Saccara in English, is a vast, ancient burial ground in Egypt, serving as the necropolis for the Ancient Egyptian capital, Memphis.
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Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire, also known as the Sassanian, Sasanid, Sassanid or Neo-Persian Empire (known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr in Middle Persian), was the last period of the Persian Empire (Iran) before the rise of Islam, named after the House of Sasan, which ruled from 224 to 651 AD. The Sasanian Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years.Norman A. Stillman The Jews of Arab Lands pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 International Congress of Byzantine Studies Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3 pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus V. At its greatest extent, the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatif, Qatar, UAE), the Levant (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan), the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan), Egypt, large parts of Turkey, much of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen and Pakistan. According to a legend, the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.Khaleghi-Motlagh, The Sasanian Empire during Late Antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran's most important and influential historical periods and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the adoption of Islam. In many ways, the Sasanian period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian civilisation. The Sasanians' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire's territorial borders, reaching as far as Western Europe, Africa, China and India. It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art. Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art, architecture, music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sasanians throughout the Muslim world.
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Sham Ennessim
Sham Ennessim (شم النسيم, Sham El Nessim or Sham en-Nessim) Ϭⲱⲙ ̀ⲛⲛⲓⲥⲓⲙ, Shom Ennisim) is an Egyptian national holiday marking the beginning of spring. It always falls on the day after the Eastern Christian Easter (following the custom of the largest Christian denomination in the country, the Coptic Orthodox Church). Despite the Christian-related date, the holiday is celebrated by Egyptians of all religions, so it is considered a national festival, rather than a religious one. The main features of the festival are.
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Sheikh Zuweid
Sheikh Zuweid (also spelled Sheikh Zoweid or Shaykh Zuwayd; الشيخ زويد) is a Bedouin town in the North Sinai Governorate of Egypt near the border with the Gaza Strip.
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Siege of Alexandria (641)
The major Mediterranean port of Alexandria, the capital of the Byzantine province of Egypt, was permanently seized from the (Eastern Roman, or) Byzantine Empire by forces of the Rashidun Caliphate in the middle of the 7th Century AD.
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Siege of Babylon Fortress
The Babylon Fortress, a major military stronghold of the Byzantine Empire in Egypt, was captured by forces of the Rashidun Caliphate after a prolonged siege in 640.
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Siege of Constantinople (674–678)
The First Arab Siege of Constantinople in 674–678 was a major conflict of the Arab–Byzantine wars, and the first culmination of the Umayyad Caliphate's expansionist strategy towards the Byzantine Empire, led by Caliph Mu'awiya I. Mu'awiya, who had emerged in 661 as the ruler of the Muslim Arab empire following a civil war, renewed aggressive warfare against Byzantium after a lapse of some years and hoped to deliver a lethal blow by capturing the Byzantine capital, Constantinople.
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Siege of Jerusalem (636–637)
The Siege of Jerusalem was part of a military conflict which took place in the year 637 between the Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate.
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Slavery in Sudan
Slavery in Sudan began in ancient times, and recently had a resurgence during the 1983 to 2005 Second Sudanese Civil War.
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The Muslim 100
The Muslim 100: The Lives, Thoughts and Achievements of the Most Influential Muslims in History is a 2008 book, written by Muhammad Mojlum Khan and published by Kube Publishing, listing the biographies of the 100 most influential Muslims in history.
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Thmuis
Thmuis (Greek: Θμοῦις; Tell El-Timai) is a city in Lower Egypt, located on the canal east of the Nile, between its Tanitic and Mendesian branches.
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Timeline of healthcare in Egypt
This is a timeline of healthcare in Egypt, focusing on modern healthcare system.
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Timeline of Middle Eastern history
This timeline tries to compile dates of important historical events that happened in or that led to the rise of the Middle East.
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Timeline of Roman history
This is a timeline of Roman history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in the Roman Kingdom and Republic and the Roman and Byzantine Empires.
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Transmission of the Greek Classics
The transmission of the Greek Classics to ''Latin'' Western Europe during the Middle Ages was a key factor in the development of intellectual life in Western Europe.
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Tripoli
Tripoli (طرابلس,; Berber: Oea, or Wy't) is the capital city and the largest city of Libya, with a population of about 1.1 million people in 2015.
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Ubada ibn as-Samit
Ubadah ibn aṣ-Ṣāmit (عبادة بن الصامت) was a companion of Muhammad and later one of the successful commanders of Rashidun army and served under the Rashidun caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar.
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University of Michigan Papyrology Collection
The Papyrology Collection of the University of Michigan Library is an internationally respected collection of ancient papyrus and a center for research on ancient culture, language, and history.
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Violence in the Quran
The Quran, the holy book of Islam, contains verses believed by Muslims to be revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad at different times and under different circumstances – the earlier verses urging peace, restraint, and conciliation, and the later ones exhorting violence.
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Wadi El Natrun
Wadi El Natrun (Arabic for "Natron Valley"; Ϣⲓϩⲏⲧ Šihēt "Measure of the Hearts", Σκῆτις or Σκήτη) is a valley located in Beheira Governorate, Egypt, including a town with the same name.
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Zubayr ibn al-Awam
Az-Zubayr ibn Al-Awam (594–656) was a companion of Muhammad and a commander in the Rashidun army.
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639
Year 639 (DCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
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645
Year 645 (DCXLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
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646
Year 646 (DCXLVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
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7th century
The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Common Era.
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893
Year 893 (DCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
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Redirects here:
Arab conquest of Egypt, Arab invasion of Egypt, Islamic conquest of Egypt, Muslim invasion of Egypt, The Muslim conquest of Egypt.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Egypt
