Communication

618 relations: ABT-418, Acacia concinna, Acetaldehyde, Acetamiprid, Acetylcholine, Acetylcholine receptor, Acetylcysteine, Addiction, Addictive personality, Adolf Pinner, Adrenergic agonist, Alec Harris, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Shmuk, Alexandru Macedonski, Alfa (cigarette), Alkaloid, Alpha-3 beta-2 nicotinic receptor, Alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor, Alpha-4 beta-2 nicotinic receptor, Alpha-7 nicotinic receptor, Alveolar osteitis, Amine N-methyltransferase, Amine oxide, Amphetamine, Anabaseine, Anabasine, Anagyrine, Anatabine, Andrew Tisch, Anhedonia, Animal Justice Project, Anisodus tanguticus, Anorexia (symptom), Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany, Anticholinergic, Apollo-Soyuz (cigarette), AR-R17779, Areca nut, Arecoline, Aromatase, Ashford (cigarette), Association of American Physicians and Surgeons, ATC code N07, ATCvet code QP53, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management, Attentional bias, Aversion therapy, Étienne Ossian Henry, Bacopa monnieri, Bad (economics), ..., Balance disorder, Basal ganglia, Beedi, Behavioral addiction, Behavioral epigenetics, Belinda (cigarette), Benson & Hedges, BHF-177, Bioaccumulation, Biocatalysis, Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989, Black Black, Black Devil (cigarette), Botany, Brain, Brain stimulation reward, Brand X (The X-Files), Brown & Williamson, Bruxism, Buccal administration, Bupropion, C. Everett Koop, C10H14N2, C957T, Cabinet (cigarette), Caenorhabditis elegans, California Proposition 65 list of chemicals, Cambridge (cigarette), Candicine, Capri (cigarette), Capstan (cigarette), Carter Albrecht, Caster (cigarette), Cation–pi interaction, Causes of schizophrenia, Cel shading, CERC-501, Chandler Park, Chewing tobacco, China Airlines Flight 611, Choline acetyltransferase, Chris Steele (doctor), CHRNA2, CHRNA6, Cigar, Cigar boom, Cigarette, Cigarette filter, Cigarette Girl, Cigarette smoking among college students, Cigarette smoking for weight loss, Clear the Air (Hong Kong), Clonidine, Cloud-chasing (electronic cigarette), Club (cigarette), Coca, Coca alkaloid, Coffee and Cigarettes, Cohiba (cigarette), Colin Murdoch, Complex regional pain syndrome, Con Stough, Coniine, Conium maculatum, Convention on Psychotropic Substances, Cotinine, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, Cytisine, Daphnia, Darkness (Stargate Universe), David E. Comings, Death by Stereo, Death of a Ghost, Dendrin, Derby (cigarette), Derealization, Dermatophyllum secundiflorum, Designer baby, Diammonium phosphate, Dianicline, Dipping tobacco, Dirty drug, Dissolvable tobacco, Dokha, Don Panoz, Dopamine, Dopamine agonist, Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia, Double Diamond (cigar), Drina (cigarette), Drug, Drug injection, Drug interaction, Drug overdose, Drug policy of California, Drug policy reform, Drug rehabilitation, Drug test, Drug withdrawal, Druze, DSM-IV codes, DSM-IV codes (alphabetical), Dual diagnosis, Duboisia, Duboisia hopwoodii, E-I-E-I-(Annoyed Grunt), E-selectin, Eckstein (cigarette), Ectopic beat, Edward M. Brecher, Eggplant, Eglumegad, Electronic cigarette, Electronic cigarette aerosol and liquid, Electronic cigarettes in Australia, Enantiomer self-disproportionation, Entheogenics and the Maya, Epibatidine, Epichloë, Epigenetic effects of smoking, Equisetum arvense, Erectile dysfunction, Ernst Wynder, Esse (cigarette), Euphoria, European hazard symbols, Eve (cigarette), Evolutionary mismatch, Evolutionary models of human drug use, F6 (cigarette), Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, Feel Good Hit of the Summer, Fingerprint, Fitz Hugh Ludlow, Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3, Forensic chemistry, FOSB, FOXM1, Free base, Functional group, Funding bias, Ganglionic blocker, Gateway drug theory, Glutamate transporter, Glycerol, Golden Bat (cigarette), Gotcha! (band), Grand Central Terminal, Green Tobacco Sickness, Growth hormone, GS-39783, Guanfacine, Habenular nuclei, Hallucinogen, Harris Isbell, Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series, season 5), Hazard, Health effects of tobacco, Heart rate, Heat-not-burn tobacco product, Heidelberg University, Henri-Étienne Beaunis, Henry Waxman, Henut Taui, Herbal smokeless tobacco, Herbivore, Herbivore adaptations to plant defense, Hermann Mucke (bioscientist), Heterocyclic amine, Hexaethyl tetraphosphate, Hippobroma longiflora, Hippolyte Visart de Bocarmé, Histone, History of catecholamine research, History of smoking, History of tobacco, Hofmann–Löffler reaction, Hollywood (cigarette), Holoprosencephaly, Hon Lik, Hongtashan, Hookah, Hope (cigarette), Hugo Weidel, Human skin, Hygiene, Hyperhidrosis, Hypersalivation, Hypertryptophanemia, Ibogaine, ICD-10 Chapter XIX: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, Imidacloprid, Immunization, Inducible plant defenses against herbivory, Insecticide, Inside Health, Insomnia, Insular cortex, Integrated pest management, Intrauterine hypoxia, Italo Svevo, James George Frazer, James H. Fallon, Japan Tobacco, Japanese ska, Jean Nicot, Jean Stas, Jeffrey Bruce Klein, Jeffrey Wigand, JNJ-39393406, John Rolfe, Johnny the Homicidal Maniac, Joseph Fuisz, Jules Bailey, Kaimganj, Kim (cigarette), Kind Consumer, Kodiak tobacco, Kretek, Langleys nicotine test, Lark (cigarette), Legal drug trade, Legal status of Salvia divinorum, Lennox Johnston, Let It Out (Let It All Hang Out), Level (cigarette), Levulinic acid, Lexington (cigarette), Lightheadedness, Lights (cigarette type), List of Acacia species known to contain psychoactive alkaloids, List of additives in cigarettes, List of Belgians, List of cocaine analogues, List of compounds with carbon number 10, List of cytochrome P450 modulators, List of Dogs: Bullets & Carnage chapters, List of Dogs: Bullets & Carnage characters, List of drugs: Ni, List of entheogenic/hallucinogenic species, List of eponyms (L–Z), List of extremely hazardous substances, List of Ig Nobel Prize winners, List of loanwords in Chinese, List of medical inhalants, List of MeSH codes (D03), List of Occitans, List of Osmosis Jones and Ozzy & Drix characters, List of poisonous plants, List of psychoactive plants, List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals, List of Saturday Night Live commercial parodies, List of smoking bans, List of tobacco-related topics, List of UN numbers 1601 to 1700, List of UN numbers 3101 to 3200, List of UN numbers 3401 to 3500, Lobelia, Lobelia tupa, LOGIC (electronic cigarette), Long-term effects of alcohol consumption, Look (cigarette), Lorillard Tobacco Company, Louis Blaringhem, Lower critical solution temperature, Lunch at the Gotham Café, Lung cancer, Manduca sexta, Mantano, Margaret Battin, Marina Picciotto, Marketing of electronic cigarettes, MarkTen, May 16, Medial forebrain bundle, Median lethal dose, Medicinal plants, Mega-City One, Melanin, Memory improvement, Menstrual cycle, Menthol cigarette, Merit (cigarette), Metered-dose inhaler, Methamphetamine, Methyl jasmonate, Methyllycaconitine, Michael Collins (astronaut), Miosis, Mocne, Modafinil, Molecular solid, Monoamine oxidase inhibitor, Mosaic (genetics), Motherisk, MS (cigarette), MS-245, MTEP, Mu‘assel, Mucuna, Mucuna pruriens, Murray Jarvik, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, Muscarinic agonist, Muscarinic antagonist, Myelin, Myosmine, Natural product, Neal Benowitz, Nebulizer, Nectar, Neonicotinoid, Neuron, Neuroprotection, Neurotoxicity, Neurotransmitter, Newport (cigarette), Next (cigarette), Niacin, Nick Buzz, NICO Clean Tobacco Card, Nicogel, Nicorette, Nicorinse, Nicotiana, Nicotiana × sanderae, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Nicotine (disambiguation), Nicotine Anonymous, Nicotine dependence, Nicotine gum, Nicotine lozenge, Nicotine marketing, Nicotine nasal spray, Nicotine patch, Nicotine poisoning, Nicotine polacrilex, Nicotine replacement therapy, Nicotine withdrawal, Nicotini, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, Nicotinic agonist, Nicotinic antagonist, NicVAX, Niquitin, Nitenpyram, Nitroguanidine, NNK, No Smoking (1951 film), No Smoking (1955 film), Nonunion, Nootropic, Nornicotine, North State (cigarette), Nucleus accumbens, Nuestra Belleza Latina 2015, Obesogen, Operation Berkshire, Organic farming, Overstolz (cigarette), Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans, Palpitations, Panic attack, Panic disorder, Parasympathomimetic drug, Parliament (cigarette), Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia, Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, Passive smoking, Patrick K. Kroupa, Peace (cigarette), Persistent genital arousal disorder, Pesticide, Peter Stuyvesant (cigarette), Physical dependence, Phytochemistry, Phytotoxin, Pianissimo Peche, Piperidine, Pituri, Plant, Plant defense against herbivory, Plant secondary metabolism, Plants in culture, Poly drug use, Poplar River First Nation, Popularne, Positions of medical organizations on electronic cigarettes, Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories, Premier (cigarette), Prenatal cocaine exposure, Primary polydipsia, Prince (cigarette), Products produced from The Simpsons, Progesterone, Prohibition of drugs, Prospective memory, Proteinuria, Psilocybin, Psychoactive drug, Psychoactive plant, Psychoactive Substances Act 2016, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, Psychoneuroendocrinology, Psychopharmacology, Pusher Love Girl, Pyridine, Pyridine alkaloids, Pyrrolidine, Quality (philosophy), Quest (cigarette), Quinolinic acid, R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, R6 (cigarette), Recent human evolution, Receptor (biochemistry), Recreational drug use, Regal (cigarette), Regulation of electronic cigarettes, Regulation of nicotine marketing, Religion and drugs, Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act, Responsible drug use, Reval (cigarette), Rex Ronan: Experimental Surgeon, Richard Wolffenstein (chemist), RJR-2429, Robo-Hunter, Roll-your-own cigarette, Roth-Händle, Route of administration, Roxy (cigarette), RTI-126, Safety of electronic cigarettes, Sakura (cigarette), Saliva testing, Salvia divinorum, Samuel Siegfried Karl von Basch, Sarcoidosis, Sayers, Allport & Potter, SB-277,011-A, SCAN, Schizoaffective disorder, Schizophrenia, Secondary hypertension, Selegiline, Self-medication, Senegalia berlandieri, Sensory gating, Seven Stars (cigarette), Sexual addiction, Sexual dysfunction, Sidestream smoke, Silk Cut, Simplified molecular-input line-entry system, Sinus tachycardia, SLC1A2, Sleep hygiene, Smoke on the Daughter, Smokeless tobacco, Smoker's melanosis, Smoking, Smoking ban, Smoking cessation, Smoking in Indonesia, Smoking in North Korea, Snuff (tobacco), Snus, Sobranie, Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, Solanaceae, Sphingidae, Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons, Stanley Schachter, Stillbirth, Stimulant, Stimulant use disorder, Substance abuse, Substance dependence, Substance use disorder, Sudden infant death syndrome, Sulfoxaflor, Surinabant, Synthetic cannabinoids, TA-NIC, Tachycardia, Tachyphylaxis, Tar (tobacco residue), Tar derby, Taste, TerraCycle, Terry Pitt, The Betrothed (poem), The Hombres, The Man Who Tasted Shapes, The New York NRT Distribution Program, The Poor Man's James Bond, The Real World: Los Angeles, Theophylline, Third-hand smoke, Time preference, Timeline of Animal Liberation Front actions, 2005–present, TNCO ceilings, Tobacco, Tobacco 21, Tobacco in Alabama, Tobacco industry, Tobacco industry in Malawi, Tobacco packaging warning messages, Tobacco products, Tobacco Products Control Act, 1993, Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee, Tobacco smoke, Tobacco smoke enema, Tobacco smoking, Tobacco water, Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, Toothpaste, Topsy-Turvy, Toxication, Toxicology, Transdermal patch, Transplacental carcinogenesis, Tranylcypromine, Treatment of Tourette syndrome, Trier social stress test, TRPA1, TRPM5, TRPM8, Truth Tobacco Industry Documents, Työmies (cigarette), Types of tobacco, Tyrosine hydroxylase, Under Pressure (album), Union Label Group, Vachellia rigidula, Vape shop, Vaporizer (inhalation device), Varenicline, Variant angina, Vegetarianism and religion, Ventral tegmental area, Viceroy (cigarette), VUSE (electronic cigarette), West (cigarette), Wholly Smoke, Will Self, William Anthony Farone, Y1 (tobacco), Zoopharmacognosy, Zusanli, 18-Methoxycoronaridine, 1988 in the United States, 1996 Pulitzer Prize, 2,6-Dihydroxypyridine, 2-oxoglutaramate amidase, 2000 AD (comics), 2011 in science, 2015 in Malaysia, 3-Methylpyridine, 4-Methylaminobutanoate oxidase (methylamine-forming), 5-HT2C receptor, 6-Hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine 3-monooxygenase, 60 Minutes. Expand index (568 more) » « Shrink index

ABT-418

ABT-418 is a drug developed by Abbott, that has nootropic, neuroprotective and anxiolytic effects, and has been researched for treatment of both Alzheimer's disease and ADHD.

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Acacia concinna

Acacia concinna is a climbing shrub native to Asia, common in the warm plains of central and south India.

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Acetaldehyde

Acetaldehyde (systematic name ethanal) is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH3CHO, sometimes abbreviated by chemists as MeCHO (Me.

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Acetamiprid

Acetamiprid is an organic compound with the chemical formula C10H11ClN4.

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Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals, including humans, as a neurotransmitter—a chemical message released by nerve cells to send signals to other cells.

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Acetylcholine receptor

An acetylcholine receptor (abbreviated AChR) is an integral membrane protein that responds to the binding of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter.

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Acetylcysteine

Acetylcysteine, also known as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), is a medication that is used to treat paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose, and to loosen thick mucus in individuals with cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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Addiction

Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences.

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Addictive personality

An addictive personality refers to a particular set of personality traits that make an individual predisposed to developing addictions.

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Adolf Pinner

Adolf Pinner (August 31, 1842 – May 21, 1909) was a German chemist.

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Adrenergic agonist

An adrenergic agonist is a drug that stimulates a response from the adrenergic receptors.

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Alec Harris

Alexander Frederick Harris (1897–1974) was a Welsh Spiritualist medium.

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Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Shmuk

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Shmuk (Александр Александрович Шмук) (in Moscow - January 22, 1945, Moscow) was a Soviet biochemist and recipient of the Stalin Prize in 1942.

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Alexandru Macedonski

Alexandru Macedonski (also rendered as Al. A. Macedonski, Macedonschi or Macedonsky; March 14, 1854 – November 24, 1920) was a Romanian poet, novelist, dramatist and literary critic, known especially for having promoted French Symbolism in his native country, and for leading the Romanian Symbolist movement during its early decades.

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Alfa (cigarette)

Alfa was an Italian brand of cigarettes, which was owned by BAT Italia, a subsisidary of British American Tobacco.

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Alkaloid

Alkaloids are a class of naturally occurring chemical compounds that mostly contain basic nitrogen atoms.

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Alpha-3 beta-2 nicotinic receptor

The alpha-3 beta-2 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α3β2 receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, consisting of α3 and β2 subunits.

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Alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor

The alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α3β4 receptor and the ganglion-type nicotinic receptor,Pharmacology, (Rang, Dale, Ritter & Moore,, 5th ed., Churchill Livingstone 2003) p. 138.

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Alpha-4 beta-2 nicotinic receptor

The alpha-4 beta-2 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α4β2 receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor implicated in learning, consisting of α4 and β2 subunits.

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Alpha-7 nicotinic receptor

The alpha-7 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α7 receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor implicated in long term memory, consisting entirely of α7 subunits.

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Alveolar osteitis

Alveolar osteitis is inflammation of the alveolar bone (i.e., the alveolar process of the maxilla or mandible).

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Amine N-methyltransferase

In enzymology, an amine N-methyltransferase is an enzyme that is ubiquitously present in non-neural tissues and that catalyzes the N-methylation of tryptamine and structurally related compounds.

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Amine oxide

An amine oxide, also known as amine-N-oxide and N-oxide, is a chemical compound that contains the functional group R3N+−O−, an N−O coordinate covalent bond with three additional hydrogen and/or hydrocarbon side chains attached to N. Sometimes it is written as R3N→O or, wrongly, as R3N.

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Amphetamine

Amphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.

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Anabaseine

Anabaseine (3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2,3’-bipyridine) is an alkaloid toxin produced by Nemertines and Aphaenogaster ants.

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Anabasine

Anabasine is a pyridine and piperidine alkaloid found in the Tree Tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) plant, a close relative of the common tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum).

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Anagyrine

Anagyrine is a teratogenic alkaloid commonly found in many species of lupinus plants.

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Anatabine

Anatabine (uh-nat-uh-been,-bin) is one of the minor alkaloids found in plants in the Solanaceae family, which includes the tobacco plant and tomato.

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Andrew Tisch

Andrew Tisch is the co-chair of Loews Corporation, the company founded by his father Larry Tisch and uncle Bob Tisch.

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Anhedonia

Anhedonia refers to a diverse array of deficits in hedonic function, including reduced motivation or ability to experience pleasure.

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Animal Justice Project

Animal Justice Project is an international pressure group that campaigns against vivisection, International Business Times, 19 April 2015.

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Anisodus tanguticus

Anisodus tanguticus is a species of flowering plant in the family Solanaceae which includes many important agricultural plants.

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Anorexia (symptom)

Anorexia (from Ancient Greek ανορεξία: 'ἀν-' "without" + 'όρεξις', spelled 'órexis' meaning "appetite") is the decreased sensation of appetite.

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Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany

After German doctors became the first to identify the link between smoking and lung cancer, Germany initiated a strong anti-tobacco movement and led the first public anti-smoking campaign in modern history.

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Anticholinergic

An anticholinergic agent is a substance that blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and the peripheral nervous system.

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Apollo-Soyuz (cigarette)

"Apollo-Soyuz" was a Soviet brand of cigarettes which were manufactured by the "Java Tobacco Factory" in Moscow, Soviet Union and Philip Morris USA in the United States.

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AR-R17779

AR-R17779 is a drug that acts as a potent and selective full agonist for the α7 subtype of neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

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Areca nut

The areca nut is the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu), which grows in much of the tropical Pacific (Melanesia and Micronesia), Southeast and South Asia, and parts of east Africa.

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Arecoline

Arecoline is a nicotinic acid-based alkaloid found in the areca nut, the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu).

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Aromatase

Aromatase, also called estrogen synthetase or estrogen synthase, is an enzyme responsible for a key step in the biosynthesis of estrogens.

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Ashford (cigarette)

Ashford is a brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Philip Morris International.

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Association of American Physicians and Surgeons

The Association of American Physicians and Surgeons (AAPS) is a politically conservative non-profit association founded in 1943 to "fight socialized medicine and to fight the government takeover of medicine." The group was reported to have approximately 4,000 members in 2005, and 5,000 in 2014.

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ATC code N07

N07.

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ATCvet code QP53

P53.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management options are evidence-based practices with established treatment efficacy for ADHD.

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Attentional bias

Attentional bias is the tendency for people's perception to be affected by their recurring thoughts at the time.

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Aversion therapy

Aversion therapy is a form of psychological treatment in which the patient is exposed to a stimulus while simultaneously being subjected to some form of discomfort.

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Étienne Ossian Henry

Étienne-Ossian Henry (27 November 1798 in Paris – 26 August 1873) was a French chemist, son of Nöel Étienne Henry (1769–1832), and trained by his father, who was director of the Central Pharmacy of the Parisian hospitals and professor in the School of Pharmacy.

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Bacopa monnieri

Bacopa monnieri (waterhyssop, brahmi, thyme-leafed gratiola, water hyssop, herb of grace, Indian pennywort) is a perennial, creeping herb native to the wetlands of southern and Eastern India, Australia, Europe, Africa, Asia, and North and South America.

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Bad (economics)

An economic bad is the opposite of an economic good.

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Balance disorder

A balance disorder is a disturbance that causes an individual to feel unsteady, for example when standing or walking.

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Basal ganglia

The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) is a group of subcortical nuclei, of varied origin, in the brains of vertebrates including humans, which are situated at the base of the forebrain.

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Beedi

A beedi (from बीड़ी; also spelled bidi or biri) is a thin cigarette or mini-cigar filled with tobacco flake and commonly wrapped in a Diospyros melanoxylon or Piliostigma racemosum leaf tied with a string or adhesive at one end.

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Behavioral addiction

Behavioral addiction is a form of addiction that involves a compulsion to engage in a rewarding non-drug-related behavior – sometimes called a natural reward – despite any negative consequences to the person's physical, mental, social or financial well-being.

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Behavioral epigenetics

Behavioral epigenetics is the field of study examining the role of epigenetics in shaping animal (including human) behaviour.

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Belinda (cigarette)

Belinda is a Dutch brand of cigarettes currently owned and manufactured by British American Tobacco.

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Benson & Hedges

Benson & Hedges is a British brand of cigarettes owned by either Philip Morris International, British American Tobacco, or Japan Tobacco, depending on the region.

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BHF-177

BHF-177 is a compound used in scientific research which acts as a positive allosteric modulator at the GABAB receptor.

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Bioaccumulation

Bioaccumulation is the accumulation of substances, such as pesticides, or other chemicals in an organism.

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Biocatalysis

Biocatalysis is catalysis in living (biological) systems.

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Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989

The Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989 (BWATA) was a piece of U.S. legislation that was passed into law in 1990.

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Black Black

is a brand of caffeinated chewing gum produced in Japan by Lotte.

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Black Devil (cigarette)

Black Devil is a Dutch brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Heupink & Bloemen.

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Botany

Botany, also called plant science(s), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology.

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Brain

The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.

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Brain stimulation reward

Brain stimulation reward (BSR) is a pleasurable phenomenon elicited via direct stimulation of specific brain regions, originally discovered by James Olds and Peter Milner.

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Brand X (The X-Files)

"Brand X" is the eighteenth episode of the seventh season of the science fiction television series The X-Files.

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Brown & Williamson

Brown & Williamson was an American tobacco company and subsidiary of the giant British American Tobacco, that produced several popular cigarette brands.

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Bruxism

Bruxism is excessive teeth grinding or jaw clenching.

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Buccal administration

Buccal administration refers to a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal area (in the cheek) diffuse through the oral mucosa (tissues which line the mouth) and enter directly into the bloodstream.

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Bupropion

Bupropion, sold under the brand names Wellbutrin and Zyban among others, is a medication primarily used as an antidepressant and smoking cessation aid.

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C. Everett Koop

Charles Everett Koop (October 14, 1916 – February 25, 2013) was an American pediatric surgeon and public health administrator.

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C10H14N2

The molecular formula C10H14N2 may refer to.

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C957T

The C957T gene polymorphism is a synonymous mutation located within the 957th base pair of the DRD2 gene.

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Cabinet (cigarette)

Cabinet is a German brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Reemtsma, a subsidiary of Imperial Tobacco.

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Caenorhabditis elegans

Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living (not parasitic), transparent nematode (roundworm), about 1 mm in length, that lives in temperate soil environments.

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California Proposition 65 list of chemicals

The following is a list of chemicals published as a requirement of Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986, commonly known as California Proposition 65, that are "known to the state to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity" as of December 29, 2017.

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Cambridge (cigarette)

Cambridge is a brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Philip Morris USA in the U.S. and by Philip Morris International (now Altria) outside the U.S. In the U.K., it was manufactured by Rothmans International until 1999.

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Candicine

Candicine is a naturally occurring organic compound that is a quaternary ammonium salt with a phenethylamine skeleton.

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Capri (cigarette)

Capri (also known as Caprice in Germany) is an American brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company.

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Capstan (cigarette)

Capstan is a British brand of unfiltered cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Imperial Tobacco.

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Carter Albrecht

Jeffrey Carter Albrecht (23 June 1973 – 3 September 2007) was an American musician perhaps best known for his keyboard and guitar work in Edie Brickell & New Bohemians.

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Caster (cigarette)

Caster was a Japanese brand of cigarettes that was owned and manufactured by Japan Tobacco.

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Cation–pi interaction

Cation–π interaction is a noncovalent molecular interaction between the face of an electron-rich π system (e.g. benzene, ethylene, acetylene) and an adjacent cation (e.g. Li+, Na+).

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Causes of schizophrenia

The causes of schizophrenia have been the subject of much debate, with various factors proposed and discounted or modified.

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Cel shading

Cel shading or toon shading is a type of non-photorealistic rendering designed to make 3-D computer graphics appear to be flat by using less shading color instead of a shade gradient or tints and shades.

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CERC-501

CERC-501 (originally known as LY-2456302) is a selective antagonist of the κ-opioid receptor (KOR) which was originally developed by Eli Lilly and is now under development by Janssen Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of major depressive disorder and substance use disorders including alcoholism, nicotine addiction, and illicit drug dependence.

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Chandler Park

Chandler Park is an American physician, medical journalist, and clinical researcher.

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Chewing tobacco

Chewing tobacco is a type of smokeless tobacco product consumed by placing a portion of the tobacco between the cheek and gum or upper lip teeth and chewing.

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China Airlines Flight 611

China Airlines Flight 611 was a regularly scheduled passenger flight from Chiang Kai-shek International Airport (now Taoyuan International Airport) in Taiwan to Hong Kong International Airport in Hong Kong.

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Choline acetyltransferase

Choline acetyltransferase (commonly abbreviated as ChAT, but sometimes CAT) is a transferase enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

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Chris Steele (doctor)

Chris Steele, MBE, is a British medical doctor, and the resident doctor on ITV's This Morning daytime magazine show, where he has appeared weekly since the show first aired in 1988.

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CHRNA2

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2, also known as nAChRα2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA2 gene.

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CHRNA6

Cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 6, also known as nAChRα6, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA6 gene.

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Cigar

A cigar is a rolled bundle of dried and fermented tobacco leaves made to be smoked.

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Cigar boom

The Cigar Boom is the name given to the resurgence of cigar consumption in the United States during the mid-1990s.

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Cigarette

A cigarette is a narrow cylinder containing tobacco that is rolled into thin paper for smoking.

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Cigarette filter

A cigarette filter is a component of a cigarette, along with cigarette paper, capsules and adhesives.

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Cigarette Girl

Cigarette Girl is a 2009 film written and directed by Mike McCarthy and starring Cori Dials, Ivy McLemore, Helen Bowman, and Danny Vinson.

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Cigarette smoking among college students

The majority of lifelong smokers begin smoking habits before the age of 24, which makes the college years a critical time for tobacco companies to convince college students to pick up the habit of cigarette smoking.

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Cigarette smoking for weight loss

Cigarette smoking for weight loss is a practice dating to early knowledge of nicotine as an appetite suppressant.

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Clear the Air (Hong Kong)

Clear The Air is a voluntary organisation aiming at reducing air pollution in Hong Kong.

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Clonidine

Clonidine (trade names Catapres, Kapvay, Nexiclon, Clophelin, and others) is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, tic disorders, withdrawal (from either alcohol, opioids, or smoking), migraine, menopausal flushing, diarrhea, and certain pain conditions.

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Cloud-chasing (electronic cigarette)

Cloud-chasing is the activity of blowing large clouds of vapor using an electronic cigarette.

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Club (cigarette)

Club (Previously known as Kensitas Club), is a Scottish brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Gallaher Group, a subsidiary of Japan Tobacco.

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Coca

Coca is any of the four cultivated plants in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to western South America.

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Coca alkaloid

Coca alkaloids are the alkaloids found in the coca plant, Erythroxylum coca.

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Coffee and Cigarettes

Coffee and Cigarettes is the title of three short films and a 2003 anthology film by independent film director Jim Jarmusch.

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Cohiba (cigarette)

Cohiba is a Cuban brand of cigarettes which were created by Habanos S.A. to diversify from its cigar brand names and are currently manufactured by the Franco-Spanish company Altadis, which is a subsidiary of Imperial Tobacco.

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Colin Murdoch

Colin Albert Murdoch ONZM (6 February 1929 – 4 May 2008) was a New Zealand pharmacist and veterinarian who made a number of significant inventions, in particular the tranquilliser gun, the disposable hypodermic syringe and the child-proof medicine container.

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Complex regional pain syndrome

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), also known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) or algodystrophy, is a disorder of a portion of the body, usually the arms or legs, which manifests as pain, swelling, limited range of motion, and changes to the skin and bones.

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Con Stough

Con Stough is Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology at Swinburne University of Technology, Australia, director of the Swinburne Centre for Neuropsychology and director of the newly formed National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM) Collaborative Centre for the study of herbal and natural medicines for neurocognition.

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Coniine

Coniine refers to a poisonous chemical compound, an alkaloid present in and isolable from poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), where its presence has been a source of significant economic, medical, and historico-cultural interest; coniine is also produced by the yellow pitcher plant (Sarracenia flava), and fool's parsley (Aethusa cynapium).

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Conium maculatum

Conium maculatum, the hemlock or poison hemlock, is a highly poisonous biennial herbaceous flowering plant in the carrot family Apiaceae, native to Europe and North Africa.

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Convention on Psychotropic Substances

The Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 is a United Nations treaty designed to control psychoactive drugs such as amphetamine-type stimulants, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and psychedelics signed in Vienna, Austria on 21 February 1971.

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Cotinine

Cotinine is an alkaloid found in tobacco and is also the predominant metabolite of nicotine.

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CYP2A6

Cytochrome P450 2A6 (abbreviated CYP2A6) is a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, which is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body.

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CYP2B6

Cytochrome P450 2B6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2B6 gene.

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Cytisine

Cytisine, also known as baptitoxine and sophorine, is an alkaloid that occurs naturally in several plant genera, such as Laburnum and Cytisus of the family Fabaceae.

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Daphnia

Daphnia, a genus of small planktonic crustaceans, are in length.

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Darkness (Stargate Universe)

"Darkness" is the fourth episode of military science fiction television series Stargate Universe, and is the first part of a two-part story.

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David E. Comings

David E. Comings (born March 8, 1935 in Beacon, New York) is an American medical geneticist and former chief of genetics at the City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, California, a position he held from 1966 until his 2002 retirement.

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Death by Stereo

Death by Stereo (also referred to as D. B. S.) is an American hardcore punk band formed in Orange County, California circa 1996 by frontman Efrem Schulz.

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Death of a Ghost

Death of a Ghost is a crime novel by Margery Allingham, first published in February 1934, in the United Kingdom by Heinemann, London and in the United States by Doubleday, Doran, New York.

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Dendrin

Dendrin is a neural and renal protein whose exact function is still relatively unclear; however, its location in the brain and kidneys is well known as are some of the neural processes it affects.

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Derby (cigarette)

Derby is a Brazilian brand of cigarettes, launched in 1993 and currently owned and manufactured by Souza Cruz, a subsidiary of British American Tobacco.

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Derealization

Derealization (sometimes abbreviated as DR) is an alteration in the perception or experience of the external world so that it seems unreal.

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Dermatophyllum secundiflorum

Dermatophyllum secundiflorum is a species of flowering shrub or small tree in the pea family, Fabaceae, that is native to the southwestern United States (Texas, New Mexico) and Mexico (Chihuahua and Coahuila south to Hidalgo, Puebla and Querétaro).

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Designer baby

A designer baby is a human embryo which has been genetically modified, usually following guidelines set by the parent or scientist, to produce desirable traits.

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Diammonium phosphate

Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (chemical formula (NH4)2HPO4, IUPAC name diammonium hydrogen phosphate) is one of a series of water-soluble ammonium phosphate salts that can be produced when ammonia reacts with phosphoric acid.

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Dianicline

Dianicline (SSR-591,813) is a drug developed by Sanofi-Aventis which acts as a partial agonist at neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

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Dipping tobacco

Dipping tobacco is a type of finely ground or shredded, moistened smokeless tobacco product.

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Dirty drug

In pharmacology, a dirty drug is an informal term for drugs that may bind to many different molecular targets or receptors in the body, and so tend to have a wide range of effects and possibly adverse drug reactions.

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Dissolvable tobacco

Dissolvable tobacco is a tobacco product.

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Dokha

Dokha (Arabic: دوخة, "Vertigo") is an Arabian tobacco blend, consisting of dried and finely shredded tobacco mixed with leaves, bark and herbs.

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Don Panoz

Donald Panoz or (born February 13, 1935, in Alliance, Ohio) is an American entrepreneur who made his name in pharmaceuticals and has since become well known as a successful owner of various motorsport ventures.

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Dopamine

Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families that plays several important roles in the brain and body.

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Dopamine agonist

A dopamine receptor agonist is a compound that activates dopamine receptors.

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Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia

The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia or the dopamine hypothesis of psychosis is a model that attributes symptoms of schizophrenia (like psychoses) to a disturbed and hyperactive dopaminergic signal transduction.

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Double Diamond (cigar)

Double Diamond is a brand of filtered cigars manufactured in Bangladesh by Pace Tobacco.

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Drina (cigarette)

Drina is a Bosnian brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the Sarajevo Tobacco Factory.

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Drug

A drug is any substance (other than food that provides nutritional support) that, when inhaled, injected, smoked, consumed, absorbed via a patch on the skin, or dissolved under the tongue causes a temporary physiological (and often psychological) change in the body.

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Drug injection

Drug injection is a method of introducing a drug into the bloodstream via a hollow hypodermic needle and a syringe, which is pierced through the skin into the body (usually intravenous, but also intramuscular or subcutaneous).

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Drug interaction

A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together.

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Drug overdose

The term drug overdose (or simply overdose or OD) describes the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities greater than are recommended or generally practiced.

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Drug policy of California

Drug policy of California refers to the policy on various classes and kinds of drugs in the U.S. state of California.

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Drug policy reform

Drug policy reform, also known as drug law reform, is any proposed changes to the way governments respond to the socio-cultural influence on perception of psychoactive substance use.

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Drug rehabilitation

Drug rehabilitation (often drug rehab or just rehab) is the processes of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cocaine, heroin or amphetamines.

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Drug test

A drug test is a technical analysis of a biological specimen, for example urine, hair, blood, breath, sweat, and/or oral fluid/saliva — to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites.

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Drug withdrawal

Drug withdrawal is the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in intake of medications or recreational drugs.

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Druze

The Druze (درزي or, plural دروز; דרוזי plural דרוזים) are an Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group originating in Western Asia who self-identify as unitarians (Al-Muwaḥḥidūn/Muwahhidun).

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DSM-IV codes

DSM-IV codes are the classification found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision, also known as DSM-IV-TR, a manual published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that includes all currently recognized mental health disorders.

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DSM-IV codes (alphabetical)

No description.

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Dual diagnosis

Dual diagnosis (also called co-occurring disorders, COD, or dual pathology) is the condition of suffering from a mental illness and a comorbid substance abuse problem.

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Duboisia

Duboisia (commonly called corkwood tree) is a genus of small perennial shrubs and trees up to 14 metres (46 feet) tall, with extremely light wood and a thick corky bark.

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Duboisia hopwoodii

Duboisia hopwoodii is a shrub native to the arid interior region of Australia.

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E-I-E-I-(Annoyed Grunt)

"E-I-E-I-(Annoyed Grunt)" is the fifth episode of the eleventh season of the American animated sitcom The Simpsons.

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E-selectin

E-selectin, also known as CD62 antigen-like family member E (CD62E), endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1), or leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 2 (LECAM2), is a cell adhesion molecule expressed only on endothelial cells activated by cytokines.

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Eckstein (cigarette)

Eckstein No.

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Ectopic beat

Ectopic beat (or cardiac ectopy) is a disturbance of the cardiac rhythm frequently related to the electrical conduction system of the heart, in which beats arise from fibers or group of fibers outside the region in the heart muscle ordinarily responsible for impulse formation (i.e., the sinoatrial node).

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Edward M. Brecher

Edward M. Brecher (1912–1989) was a well-known American science writer and book author, best known for his contributions in addiction research, human sexuality, and for his advocacy of rights for people who choose to commit suicide.

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Eggplant

Eggplant (Solanum melongena) or aubergine is a species of nightshade grown for its edible fruit.

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Eglumegad

Eglumegad (LY354740) is a research drug developed by Eli Lilly and Company, which is being investigated for its potential in the treatment of anxiety and drug addiction.

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Electronic cigarette

An electronic cigarette or e-cigarette is a handheld electronic device that simulates the feeling of tobacco smoking.

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Electronic cigarette aerosol and liquid

Electronic cigarette aerosol and liquid (sometimes referred to as E-liquid) is the mixture used in vapor products such as electronic cigarettes.

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Electronic cigarettes in Australia

The use of electronic cigarettes has gained popularity in Australia despite legal barriers to trade of nicotine containing products.

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Enantiomer self-disproportionation

Enantiomer self-disproportionation is a process in stereochemistry describing the separation of a non-racemic mixture of enantiomers in an enantioenriched fraction and a more racemic fraction as a result of the formation of heterochiral or homochiral aggregates.

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Entheogenics and the Maya

The ancient Maya are thought to have used entheogens, or chemical substances, typically of plant origin, that were ingested to produce non-ordinary or altered states of consciousness for religious or spiritual purposes.

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Epibatidine

Epibatidine is a putative alkaloid that is secreted by the Ecuadoran frog Epipedobates anthonyi.

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Epichloë

Epichloë is a genus of ascomycete fungi forming an endophytic symbiosis with grasses.

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Epigenetic effects of smoking

Cigarette smoking has been found to affect global epigenetic regulation of transcription across tissue types.

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Equisetum arvense

Equisetum arvense, the field horsetail or common horsetail, is an herbaceous perennial plant in the Equisetopsida (the horsetails), native throughout the arctic and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere.

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Erectile dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction (ED), also known as impotence, is a type of sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis during sexual activity.

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Ernst Wynder

Ernst Ludwig Wynder, M.D. (April 30, 1922 – July 14, 1999) was an American epidemiology and public health researcher who studied the health effects of smoking tobacco.

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Esse (cigarette)

Esse is a South Korean brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the Korea Tobacco & Ginseng Corporation.

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Euphoria

Euphoria is an affective state in which a person experiences pleasure or excitement and intense feelings of well-being and happiness.

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European hazard symbols

European hazard symbols for chemicals are pictograms defined by the European Union for labeling chemical packaging (for storage and workplace) and containers (for transportation).

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Eve (cigarette)

Eve Cigarettes are an American brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the Liggett Group in the United States.

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Evolutionary mismatch

Evolutionary mismatch, also known as mismatch theory or evolutionary trap, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to evolved traits that were once advantageous but became maladaptive due to changes in the environment.

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Evolutionary models of human drug use

The use of psychoactive substances is one of the most perplexing human behaviors.

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F6 (cigarette)

f6 is a German cigarette brand owned by Philip Morris International and produced by the f6 Cigarettenfabrik Dresden GmbH.

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Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry

Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is cyclic voltammetry with a very high scan rate (up to). Application of high scan rate allows rapid acquisition of a voltammogram within several milliseconds and ensures high temporal resolution of this electroanalytical technique.

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Feel Good Hit of the Summer

"Feel Good Hit of the Summer" is a song by American rock band Queens of the Stone Age and written by band members Josh Homme and Nick Oliveri.

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Fingerprint

A fingerprint in its narrow sense is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger.

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Fitz Hugh Ludlow

Fitz Hugh Ludlow, sometimes seen as Fitzhugh Ludlow (September 11, 1836 – September 12, 1870), was an American author, journalist, and explorer; best known for his autobiographical book The Hasheesh Eater (1857).

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Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3

Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), also known as dimethylaniline monooxygenase 3 and trimethylamine monooxygenase, is a flavoprotein enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FMO3 gene.

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Forensic chemistry

Forensic chemistry is the application of chemistry and its subfield, forensic toxicology, in a legal setting.

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FOSB

FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B, also known as Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B, FOSB or FosB, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the FOSB gene.

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FOXM1

Forkhead box protein M1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXM1 gene.

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Free base

Free base (freebase, free-base) is the conjugate base (deprotonated) form of an amine, as opposed to its conjugate acid (protonated) form.

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Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific substituents or moieties within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

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Funding bias

Funding bias, also known as sponsorship bias, funding outcome bias, funding publication bias, and funding effect, refers to the tendency of a scientific study to support the interests of the study's financial sponsor.

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Ganglionic blocker

A ganglionic blocker (or ganglioplegic) is a type of medication that inhibits transmission between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in the Autonomic Nervous System, often by acting as a nicotinic receptor antagonist.

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Gateway drug theory

Gateway drug theory (alternatively, stepping-stone theory, escalation hypothesis, or progression hypothesis) is a comprehensive catchphrase for the medical theory that the use of a psychoactive drug can be coupled to an increased probability of the use of further drugs.

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Glutamate transporter

Glutamate transporters are a family of neurotransmitter transporter proteins that move glutamate – the principal excitatory neurotransmitter – across a membrane.

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Glycerol

Glycerol (also called glycerine or glycerin; see spelling differences) is a simple polyol compound.

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Golden Bat (cigarette)

Golden Bat (Or Kinshi as it was known from 1940 to May 1949) is a Japanese filterless brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Japan Tobacco.

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Gotcha! (band)

Gotcha! is a Dutch Funk Band founded in 1989; their music, a mixture of sixties-trip-rock with funk and hip-hop, is influenced by George Clinton.

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Grand Central Terminal

Grand Central Terminal (GCT; also referred to as Grand Central Station or simply as Grand Central) is a commuter and intercity railroad terminal at 42nd Street and Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, United States.

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Green Tobacco Sickness

Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) is a type of nicotine poisoning caused by the transdermal absorption of nicotine from the surface of wet tobacco plants.

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Growth hormone

Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin (or as human growth hormone in its human form), is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals.

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GS-39783

GS-39783 is a compound used in scientific research which acts as a positive allosteric modulator at the GABAB receptor.

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Guanfacine

Guanfacine (trade names Estulic, Tenex, and, in extended release form, Intuniv) is a sympatholytic drug used to treat hypertension and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

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Habenular nuclei

The habenular nuclei (habenula is Latin for "little rein") acts as a regulator of key central nervous system neurotransmitters, connecting the forebrain and midbrain within the epithalamus.

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Hallucinogen

A hallucinogen is a psychoactive agent which can cause hallucinations, perceptual anomalies, and other substantial subjective changes in thoughts, emotion, and consciousness.

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Harris Isbell

Harris Isbell, M.D. (June 7, 1910 – December 23, 1994) was the director of research for the NIMH Addiction Research Center at the Public Health Service Hospital in Lexington, Kentucky from 1945 to 1963.

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Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series, season 5)

The fifth season of the CBS crime drama series Hawaii Five-0 premiered on Friday, September 26, 2014, and concluded on May 8, 2015 with a two-hour season finale.

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Hazard

A hazard is an agent which has the potential to cause harm to a vulnerable target.

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Health effects of tobacco

Tobacco use has predominantly negative effects on human health and concern about health effects of tobacco has a long history.

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Heart rate

Heart rate is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute (bpm).

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Heat-not-burn tobacco product

A heat-not-burn tobacco product (HNB) heats tobacco to a lower temperature than when a conventional cigarette is burned.

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Heidelberg University

Heidelberg University (Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Universitas Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis) is a public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

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Henri-Étienne Beaunis

Henri-Étienne Beaunis (2 August 1830, Amboise – 20 July 1921, Le Cannet) was a French physiologist and psychologist.

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Henry Waxman

Henry Arnold Waxman (born September 12, 1939) is an American politician who served as the U.S. Representative for from 1975 until 2015.

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Henut Taui

Henut Taui, or Henuttaui, Henuttawy (fl. ca 1000 BCE) was an Ancient Egyptian priestess during the 21st Dynasty whose remains were mummified.

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Herbal smokeless tobacco

Herbal smokeless tobacco is any product that imitates types of smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco, dipping tobacco, snuff, snus, etc.) but does not contain either tobacco and nicotine, or tobacco while still retaining nicotine.

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Herbivore

A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet.

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Herbivore adaptations to plant defense

Herbivores are dependent on plants for food, and have coevolved mechanisms to obtain this food despite the evolution of a diverse arsenal of plant defenses against herbivory.

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Hermann Mucke (bioscientist)

Hermann A. M. Mucke (born 4 September 1955) is an Austrian bioscientist with a peer-review publishing record in the fields of molecular biology, neuropsychiatry, cardiology and ophthalmology, mostly from the perspective of drug development.

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Heterocyclic amine

Heterocyclic amines, also sometime referred to as HCAs, are chemical compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring, which by definition has atoms of at least two different elements, as well as at least one amine (nitrogen-containing) group.

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Hexaethyl tetraphosphate

Hexaethyl tetraphosphate is the chemical compound with the chemical formula (C2H5O)6P4O7.

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Hippobroma longiflora

Hippobroma longiflora (also called Star of Bethlehem or madamfate) is a flowering plant in the Campanulaceae family.

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Hippolyte Visart de Bocarmé

Hippolyte Visart de Bocarmé (Weltevreden, Java 14 June 1818 – Mons, Belgium 19 July 1851) was a Belgian nobleman and convicted murderer.

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Histone

In biology, histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.

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History of catecholamine research

The catecholamines comprise the endogenous substances dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and adrenaline (epinephrine) as well as numerous artificially synthesized compounds such as isoprenaline.

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History of smoking

The history of smoking dates back to as early as 5000 BC in the Americas in shamanistic rituals.

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History of tobacco

Tobacco has a long history from its usages in the early Americas.

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Hofmann–Löffler reaction

The Hofmann–Löffler reaction (also referred to as Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Hofmann reaction, as well as Löffler's method) is an organic reaction in which a cyclic amine 2 (pyrrolidine or, in some cases, piperidine) is generated by thermal or photochemical decomposition of N-halogenated amine 1 in the presence of a strong acid (concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated CF3CO2H).

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Hollywood (cigarette)

Hollywood is a Brazilian brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Souza Cruz, a subsidiary of British American Tobacco.

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Holoprosencephaly

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a cephalic disorder in which the prosencephalon (the forebrain of the embryo) fails to develop into two hemispheres.

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Hon Lik

Hon Lik or Han Li (born September 26, 1951) is a Chinese pharmacist who invented the modern electronic cigarette.

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Hongtashan

Hongtashan (Simplified Chinese: 红塔山；Traditional Chinese: 紅塔山; Hanyu Pinyin: Hóngtǎshān) is a very popular Chinese brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the "Yuxi Cigarette Factory".

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Hookah

A hookah (from Hindustani: हुक़्क़ा (Devanagari), (Nastaleeq), IPA:; also see other names), also known as the ḡalyān (Persian: قلیان), is a single- or multi-stemmed instrument for vaporizing and smoking flavored tobacco (often Mu‘assel), or sometimes cannabis or opium, whose vapor or smoke is passed through a water basin—often glass-based—before inhalation.

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Hope (cigarette)

Hope is a Japanese brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Japan Tobacco.

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Hugo Weidel

Hugo Weidel (13 November 1849 – 7 June 1899) was an Austrian chemist known for inventing Weidel's reaction and describing the structure of organic compound niacin.

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Human skin

The human skin is the outer covering of the body.

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Hygiene

Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health.

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Hyperhidrosis

Hyperhidrosis is a condition characterized by abnormally increased sweating, in excess of that required for regulation of body temperature.

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Hypersalivation

Hypersalivation (also called ptyalism or sialorrhea) is excessive production of saliva.

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Hypertryptophanemia

Hypertryptophanemia, also called familial hypertryptophanemia, is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that results in a massive buildup of the amino acid tryptophan in the blood, with associated symptoms and tryptophanuria (-uria denotes "in the urine").

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Ibogaine

Ibogaine is a naturally occurring psychoactive substance found in plants in the Apocynaceae family such as Tabernanthe iboga, Voacanga africana and Tabernaemontana undulata.

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ICD-10 Chapter XIX: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes

ICD-10 is an international statistical classification used in health care and related industries.

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Imidacloprid

Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide that acts as an insect neurotoxin and belongs to a class of chemicals called the neonicotinoids which act on the central nervous system of insects.

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Immunization

Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an agent (known as the immunogen).

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Inducible plant defenses against herbivory

Plants and herbivores have co-evolved together for 350 million years.

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Insecticide

Insecticides are substances used to kill insects.

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Inside Health

Inside Health is a British radio programme broadcast on BBC Radio 4 discussing health issues which people struggle to understand.

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Insomnia

Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping.

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Insular cortex

In each hemisphere of the mammalian brain the insular cortex (also insula and insular lobe) is a portion of the cerebral cortex folded deep within the lateral sulcus (the fissure separating the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes).

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Integrated pest management

Integrated pest management (IPM), also known as integrated pest control (IPC) is a broad-based approach that integrates practices for economic control of pests.

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Intrauterine hypoxia

Intrauterine hypoxia occurs when the fetus is deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen.

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Italo Svevo

Aron Ettore Schmitz (19 December 186113 September 1928), better known by the pseudonym Italo Svevo, was an Italian writer, businessman, novelist, playwright, and short story writer.

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James George Frazer

Sir James George Frazer (1 January 1854 – 7 May 1941) was a Scottish social anthropologist influential in the early stages of the modern studies of mythology and comparative religion.

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James H. Fallon

James H. "Jim" Fallon (born October 18, 1947) is an American neuroscientist.

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Japan Tobacco

, abbreviated JT, is a cigarette manufacturing company.

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Japanese ska

Japanese ska is ska music made in Japan.

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Jean Nicot

Jean Nicot (1530–1600) was a French diplomat and scholar.

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Jean Stas

Jean Servais Stas (21 August 1813 – 13 December 1891) was a Belgian analytical chemist that co-discovered the weight of carbon.

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Jeffrey Bruce Klein

Jeffrey Bruce Klein (born January 15, 1948) is an investigative journalist who co-founded Mother Jones in 1976.

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Jeffrey Wigand

Jeffrey S. Wigand (born 17 December 1942) is an American biochemist and former vice president of research and development at Brown & Williamson in Louisville, Kentucky, who worked on the development of reduced-harm cigarettes and in 1996 he blew the whistle on tobacco tampering at the company.

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JNJ-39393406

JNJ-39393406 is an experimental medication which is under development by Janssen Pharmaceutica, a division of Johnson & Johnson, for the treatment of depressive disorders and smoking withdrawal.

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John Rolfe

John Rolfe (1585–1622) was one of the early English settlers of North America.

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Johnny the Homicidal Maniac

Johnny the Homicidal Maniac (often abbreviated JtHM) is the first comic book by Jhonen Vasquez.

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Joseph Fuisz

Joseph Fuisz is an American attorney, inventor, and entrepreneur of Slovenian descent.

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Jules Bailey

Jules Lancaster Kopel Bailey (born November 8, 1979) is an American politician and economist in Portland, Oregon.

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Kaimganj

Kaimganj, also rendered as Qaimganj, is a city in Farrukhabad district in the Indian State of Uttar Pradesh.

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Kim (cigarette)

Kim was a German brand of cigarettes that was manufactured by British American Tobacco.

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Kind Consumer

Kind Consumer Limited is a UK-based healthcare company which focuses on developing novel inhalation technologies to address tobacco harm reduction.

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Kodiak tobacco

Kodiak is a brand of dipping tobacco manufactured by American Snuff Company, a U.S. smokeless tobacco manufacturer that also produces the Grizzly tobacco and Levi Garrett brands.

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Kretek

Kretek are cigarettes made with a blend of tobacco, cloves and other flavors.

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Langleys nicotine test

The Langley Nicotine test is used to determine the relay-site of autonomic fibers.

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Lark (cigarette)

Lark is an American brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Philip Morris USA in the United States.

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Legal drug trade

Legal drug trade, as with other goods object of commerce, in opposition to smuggling or ''illegal'' drug trade, most psychotropic substances' commerce is under control and taxation by world governments, regardless of the relative perceived danger of the goods that are the object of legislation.

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Legal status of Salvia divinorum

Salvia divinorum, a psychoactive plant, is legal in most countries.

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Lennox Johnston

Lennox Johnston, (1899 – 18 January 1986) Glaswegian GP and amateur scientist who pioneered research in the addictiveness of nicotine in the 1930s.

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Let It Out (Let It All Hang Out)

"Let It Out (Let It All Hang Out)" is a 1967 song by The Hombres and the title track of their album of the same name.

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Level (cigarette)

Level is a Swedish brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by JTI Sweden, a subsidiary of Japan Tobacco.

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Levulinic acid

Levulinic acid, or 4-oxopentanoic acid, is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2CH2CO2H.

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Lexington (cigarette)

Lexington is a Luxembourgish brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by "Landewyck Tobacco".

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Lightheadedness

Lightheadedness is a common and typically unpleasant sensation of dizziness and/or a feeling that one may faint.

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Lights (cigarette type)

Cigarettes labeled as Lights, Milds, or Low-tar, are considered to have a lighter, less pronounced flavour than regular cigarettes.

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List of Acacia species known to contain psychoactive alkaloids

This is a list of Acacia species (sensu lato) that are known to contain psychoactive alkaloids, or are suspected of containing such alkaloids due to being psychoactive.

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List of additives in cigarettes

This is the list of 599 additives in cigarettes submitted to the United States Department of Health and Human Services in April 1994.

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List of Belgians

This is a list of notable Belgian people who either.

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List of cocaine analogues

This is a list of cocaine analogues.

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List of compounds with carbon number 10

This is a partial list of molecules that contain 10 carbon atoms.

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List of cytochrome P450 modulators

This is a list of cytochrome P450 modulators, or inhibitors and inducers of cytochrome P450 enzymes.

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List of Dogs: Bullets & Carnage chapters

The chapters of the manga series Dogs: Bullets & Carnage are written and illustrated by Shirow Miwa and have been serialized in Ultra Jump since its premiere in the magazine's July issue on June 18, 2005.

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List of Dogs: Bullets & Carnage characters

The Dogs anime and manga series (split between Dogs: Prelude and Dogs: Bullets & Carnage) features a cast of fictional characters created by Shirow Miwa.

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List of drugs: Ni

No description.

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List of entheogenic/hallucinogenic species

This is a list of species and genera that are used as entheogens or are used in an entheogenic concoction (such as ayahuasca).

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List of eponyms (L–Z)

An eponym is a person (real or fictitious) whose name has become identified with a particular object or activity.

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List of extremely hazardous substances

This is the list of extremely hazardous substances defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002).

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List of Ig Nobel Prize winners

This is a list of Ig Nobel Prize winners from 1991 to the present day.

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List of loanwords in Chinese

Loanwords have entered written and spoken Chinese from many sources, including ancient peoples whose descendants now speak Chinese.

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List of medical inhalants

No description.

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List of MeSH codes (D03)

This is the fourth part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.

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List of Occitans

This is a non-exhaustive list of people who were born in the Occitania historical territory (although it is difficult to know the exact boundaries), or notable people from other regions of France or Europe with Occitan roots, or notable people from other regions of France or Europe who have other significant links with the historical region.

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List of Osmosis Jones and Ozzy & Drix characters

The American live-action/animated 2001 film Osmosis Jones features a variety of fictional characters created by Marc Hyman.

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List of poisonous plants

Poisonous plants are those plants that produce toxins that deter herbivores from consuming them.

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List of psychoactive plants

A list of plants that are used as psychoactive drugs.

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List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals

List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals.

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List of Saturday Night Live commercial parodies

The following is a partial list of Saturday Night Live commercial parodies.

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List of smoking bans

This is a list of smoking bans by country.

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List of tobacco-related topics

Nicotiana is the genus of herbs and shrubs which is cultivated to produce tobacco products.

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List of UN numbers 1601 to 1700

The UN numbers from UN1601 to UN1700 as assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.

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List of UN numbers 3101 to 3200

The UN numbers from UN3101 to UN3200 as assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.

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List of UN numbers 3401 to 3500

The UN numbers from UN3401 to UN3500 as assigned by the United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods.

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Lobelia

Lobelia is a genus of flowering plants comprising 415 species, with a subcosmopolitan distribution primarily in tropical to warm temperate regions of the world, a few species extending into cooler temperate regions.

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Lobelia tupa

Lobelia tupa (Tupa, Tabaco del diablo) is a species of Lobelia native to central Chile from Valparaíso south to Los Lagos regions.

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LOGIC (electronic cigarette)

LOGIC is an electronic cigarette developed by Logic Technology Development.

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Long-term effects of alcohol consumption

The long-term effects of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular diseaseAssociation of alcohol consumption with selected cardiovascular disease outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Look (cigarette)

Look is a Danish brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by House of Prince, a subsidiary of British American Tobacco.

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Lorillard Tobacco Company

Lorillard Tobacco Company was an American tobacco company that marketed cigarettes under the brand names Newport, Maverick, Old Gold, Kent, True, Satin, and Max.

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Louis Blaringhem

Louis Florimond Joseph Blaringhem (1 February 1878 in Locon – 1 January 1958 in Paris) was a French agronomist and botanist.

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Lower critical solution temperature

The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) or lower consolute temperature is the critical temperature below which the components of a mixture are miscible for all compositions.

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Lunch at the Gotham Café

"Lunch at the Gotham Café" is a horror short story by American writer Stephen King.

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Lung cancer

Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.

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Manduca sexta

Manduca sexta is a moth of the family Sphingidae present through much of the American continent.

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Mantano

Mantano is a Dutch brand of unfiltered cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by British American Tobacco.

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Margaret Battin

Margaret Pabst Battin, also known as Peggy Battin, is an American philosopher, medical ethicist, author, and a current Distinguished Professor at the University of Utah.

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Marina Picciotto

Marina Rachel Picciotto (born June 22, 1963) is an American neuroscientist known for her work on the role of nicotine in addiction, memory, and reward behaviors.

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Marketing of electronic cigarettes

The marketing of electronic cigarettes is legal in some jurisdictions, and spending is increasing rapidly.

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MarkTen

MarkTen is an electronic cigarette owned by Altria Group.

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May 16

No description.

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Medial forebrain bundle

The medial forebrain bundle (MFB), is a neural pathway containing fibers from the basal olfactory regions, the periamygdaloid region and the septal nuclei, as well as fibers from brainstem regions, including the ventral tegmental area.

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Median lethal dose

In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt50 is a measure of the lethal dose of a toxin, radiation, or pathogen.

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Medicinal plants

Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times.

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Mega-City One

Mega-City One is a huge fictional city-state covering much of what is now the Eastern United States and some of Canada in the Judge Dredd comic book series and its spinoff series.

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Melanin

Melanin (from μέλας melas, "black, dark") is a broad term for a group of natural pigments found in most organisms.

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Memory improvement

Memory improvement is the act of improving one's memory.

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Menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle is the regular natural change that occurs in the female reproductive system (specifically the uterus and ovaries) that makes pregnancy possible.

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Menthol cigarette

A menthol cigarette is a cigarette flavored with the compound menthol.

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Merit (cigarette)

Merit is an American brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Philip Morris USA in the United States and Philip Morris International outside the United States.

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Metered-dose inhaler

A metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is a device that delivers a specific amount of medication to the lungs, in the form of a short burst of aerosolized medicine that is usually self-administered by the patient via inhalation.

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Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.

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Methyl jasmonate

No description.

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Methyllycaconitine

Methyllycaconitine (MLA) is a diterpenoid alkaloid found in many species of Delphinium (larkspurs).

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Michael Collins (astronaut)

Michael Collins (born October 31, 1930) (Major General, USAF, Ret.) is an American former astronaut and test pilot.

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Miosis

Miosis is excessive constriction of the pupil.

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Mocne

Mocne (Polish for "Strong") is a Polish brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Imperial Tobacco.

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Modafinil

Modafinil, sold under the brand name Provigil among others, is a medication to treat sleepiness due to narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In OSA continuous positive airway pressure is the preferred treatment. While it has seen off-label use as a purported cognitive enhancer, evidence for any benefit is lacking. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include headache, anxiety, trouble sleeping, and nausea. Serious side effects may include allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, abuse, or hallucinations. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe. The amount of medication used may need to be adjusted in those with kidney or liver problems. It is not recommended in those with an arrhythmia, significant hypertension, or left ventricular hypertrophy. How it works is not entirely clear. One possibility is that it may affect the areas of the brain involved with the sleep cycle. Modafinil was approved for medical use in the United States in 1998. In the United States it is classified as a schedule IV controlled substance due to concerns about addiction. In the United Kingdom it is a prescription only medication. It is avaliable as a generic medication. In the United Kingdom it costs the NHS about £105.21 a month as of 2018. In the United States the wholesale cost per month is about 34.20 USD as of 2018.

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Molecular solid

A molecular solid is a solid consisting of discrete molecules.

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Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B).

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Mosaic (genetics)

In genetics, a mosaic, or mosaicism, involves the presence of two or more populations of cells with different genotypes in one individual, who has developed from a single fertilized egg.

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Motherisk

Motherisk was a clinical and research program at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, established in 1985 as a teratogen information service to provide evidence-based safety information on exposures in pregnancy and lactation.

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MS (cigarette)

MS is an Italian brand of cigarettes currently owned by the "Monopolio di Stato" or State Monopoly in English and manufactured by BAT Italia, a division of British American Tobacco.

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MS-245

MS-245 is a tryptamine derivative which is used in scientific research.

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MTEP

3-((2-Methyl-4-thiazolyl)ethynyl)pyridine (MTEP) is a research drug that was developed by Merck & Co. as a selective allosteric antagonist of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype mGluR5.

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Mu‘assel

Mu‘assel (معسل, meaning "honeyed") is a syrupy tobacco mix containing molasses and vegetable glycerol which is smoked in a hookah.

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Mucuna

Mucuna is a genus of around 100 accepted species of climbing lianas (vines) and shrubs of the family Fabaceae and typically found in tropical woodlands.

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Mucuna pruriens

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume native to Africa and tropical Asia and widely naturalized and cultivated.

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Murray Jarvik

Murray Elias Jarvik (June 1, 1923 – May 8, 2008) was an American psychopharmacologist and academic who was among the first scientists to study d-lysergic acid, the precursor to LSD, and later became the co-inventor of the nicotine patch.

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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, or mAChRs, are acetylcholine receptors that form G protein-coupled receptor complexes in the cell membranes of certain neurons and other cells.

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Muscarinic agonist

A muscarinic agonist is an agent that activates the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.

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Muscarinic antagonist

A muscarinic receptor antagonist (MRA) is a type of anticholinergic agent that blocks the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.

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Myelin

Myelin is a lipid-rich substance that surrounds the axon of some nerve cells, forming an electrically insulating layer.

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Myosmine

Myosmine is an alkaloid found in tobacco and other plants.

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Natural product

A natural product is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature.

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Neal Benowitz

Neal L. Benowitz is an American academic physician and professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), with expertise on the pharmacology of nicotine and tobacco addiction.

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Nebulizer

In medicine, a nebulizer or nebuliser (see spelling differences) is a drug delivery device used to administer medication in the form of a mist inhaled into the lungs.

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Nectar

Nectar is a sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide antiherbivore protection.

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Neonicotinoid

Neonicotinoids (sometimes shortened to neonics) are a class of neuro-active insecticides chemically similar to nicotine.

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Neuron

A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.

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Neuroprotection

Neuroprotection refers to the relative preservation of neuronal structure and/or function.

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Neurotoxicity

Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system.

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Neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.

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Newport (cigarette)

Newport is an American brand of menthol cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company.

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Next (cigarette)

Next is a brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Philip Morris International.

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Niacin

Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound and a form of vitamin B3, an essential human nutrient.

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Nick Buzz

Nick Buzz is a Canadian band composed of pianist Jon Goldsmith, violinist Hugh Marsh, guitarist Rob Piltch, and singer/songwriter Martin Tielli.

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NICO Clean Tobacco Card

The NICO Clean Tobacco Card was a device exported from Japan to the United States in the 1960s, consisting of a small card impregnated with uranium ore.

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Nicogel

Nicogel is a "tobacco gel", applied to skin as a substitute for cigarette use.

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Nicorette

Nicorette is the brand name of a number of products for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) that contain nicotine.

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Nicorinse

Nicorinse is a brand of mouthwash formulated to help users to quit smoking cigarettes.

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Nicotiana

Nicotiana is a genus of herbaceous plants and shrubs of the family Solanaceae, that is indigenous to the Americas, Australia, south west Africa and the South Pacific.

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Nicotiana × sanderae

Nicotiana × sanderae is a hybrid of the tobacco species Nicotiana alata and Nicotiana forgetiana.

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Nicotiana benthamiana

Nicotiana benthamiana is a close relative of tobacco and species of Nicotiana indigenous to Australia.

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Nicotiana rustica

Nicotiana rustica, Aztec tobacco or wild tobacco, called ucuch in southern Mexico (specifically Campeche and Yucatán) due to its Mayan roots, mapacho in South America, and thuoc lao (thuốc lào) in Vietnam, is a rainforest plant in the Solanaceae family.

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Nicotiana tabacum

Nicotiana tabacum, or cultivated tobacco, is an annually-grown herbaceous plant.

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Nicotine & Tobacco Research

Nicotine & Tobacco Research is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research pertaining to tobacco products and nicotine.

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Nicotine (disambiguation)

Nicotine is a chemical compound.

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Nicotine Anonymous

Nicotine Anonymous (NicA) is a twelve-step program for people desiring to quit smoking and live free of nicotine.

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Nicotine dependence

Nicotine dependence, or tobacco use disorder, is a state of dependence upon nicotine.

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Nicotine gum

Nicotine gum is a type of chewing gum that delivers nicotine to the body.

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Nicotine lozenge

A nicotine lozenge is a tablet (usually flavored) that contains a dose of nicotine which dissolves slowly in the mouth to release the nicotine.

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Nicotine marketing

Nicotine marketing is the marketing of nicotine-containing products or use.

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Nicotine nasal spray

A nicotine nasal spray is a nasal spray that contains a small dose of nicotine, which enters the blood by being absorbed through the lining of the nose.

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Nicotine patch

A nicotine patch is a transdermal patch that releases nicotine into the body through the skin.

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Nicotine poisoning

Nicotine poisoning describes the symptoms of the toxic effects of nicotine following ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact.

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Nicotine polacrilex

Nicotine Polacrilex is nicotine bound to an ion-exchange resin (polymethacrilic acid, such as Amberlite IRP64 or Purolite C115HMR or Doshion P551...). It is added to gums and hard lozenges used for nicotine replacement therapy in smoking cessation.

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Nicotine replacement therapy

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a medically-approved way to take nicotine by means other than tobacco.

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Nicotine withdrawal

Nicotine withdrawal is a group of symptoms that occur in the first few weeks upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in intake of nicotine.

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Nicotini

A nicotini is any alcoholic drink which includes nicotine as an ingredient.

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are receptor proteins that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

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Nicotinic agonist

A nicotinic agonist is a drug that mimics the action of acetylcholine (ACh) at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs).

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Nicotinic antagonist

A nicotinic antagonist is a type of anticholinergic drug that inhibits the action of acetylcholine (ACh) at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

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NicVAX

NicVAX is an experimental conjugate vaccine intended to reduce or eliminate physical dependence to nicotine.

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Niquitin

NiQuitin is a range of nicotine replacement products designed to help smokers quit by replacing the nicotine supplied by cigarettes with a lower, steadier level in order to relieve withdrawal.

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Nitenpyram

Nitenpyram is an insecticide used in agriculture and veterinary medicine to kill off external pests, like fleas.

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Nitroguanidine

Nitroguanidine is an organic compound with the formula (NH2)2CNNO2.

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NNK

Nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK), also known as 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, is one of the key tobacco-specific nitrosamines which play an important role in carcinogenesis.

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No Smoking (1951 film)

No Smoking is a cartoon made by Walt Disney Productions in 1951, featuring Goofy.

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No Smoking (1955 film)

No Smoking is a 1955 British comedy film directed by Henry Cass and starring Reg Dixon, Peter Martyn, Belinda Lee and Lionel Jeffries.

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Nonunion

Nonunion is permanent failure of healing following a broken bone unless intervention (such as surgery) is performed.

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Nootropic

Nootropics, also known as smart drugs and cognitive enhancers, are drugs, supplements, and other substances that purport to improve cognitive function, particularly executive functions, memory, creativity, or motivation, in healthy individuals.

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Nornicotine

Nornicotine is an alkaloid found in various plants including Nicotiana, the tobacco plant.

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North State (cigarette)

North State (also known as Nortti) is a Finnish brand of cigarettes which was manufactured by "Suomen Tupakka".

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Nucleus accumbens

The nucleus accumbens (NAc or NAcc), also known as the accumbens nucleus, or formerly as the nucleus accumbens septi (Latin for nucleus adjacent to the septum) is a region in the basal forebrain rostral to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus.

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Nuestra Belleza Latina 2015

Nuestra Belleza Latina 2015 (also known as NBL 2015) is the ninth season of Nuestra Belleza Latina and the ninth season to be aired on Univision.

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Obesogen

Obesogens are foreign chemical compounds that disrupt normal development and balance of lipid metabolism, which in some cases, can lead to obesity.

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Operation Berkshire

Operation Berkshire is the name of a program initiated in 1976 by seven of the world's major tobacco companies aimed at promoting "controversy" over smoking and disease.

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Organic farming

Organic farming is an alternative agricultural system which originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices.

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Overstolz (cigarette)

Overstolz is a German cigarette brand manufactured by Japan Tobacco International.

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Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans

Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans, also known as Arthrobacter Nicotinovorans, is a Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium species from the genus of Paenarthrobacter.

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Palpitations

Palpitations are the perceived abnormality of the heartbeat characterized by awareness of cardiac muscle contractions in the chest: hard, fast and/or irregular beats.

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Panic attack

Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that something bad is going to happen.

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Panic disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by reoccurring unexpected panic attacks.

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Parasympathomimetic drug

A parasympathomimetic drug, sometimes called a cholinomimetic drug, is a substance that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS).

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Parliament (cigarette)

Parliament is an American brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Philip Morris USA in the United States and Philip Morris International outside of the United States.

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Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia

Paroxysmal Nonkinesigenic Dyskinesia (PNKD) is an episodic movement disorder first described by Mount and Reback in 1940 under the name "Familial paroxysmal choreoathetosis".

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Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is a type of supraventricular tachycardia.

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Passive smoking

Passive smoking is the inhalation of smoke, called second-hand smoke (SHS), or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), by persons other than the intended "active" smoker.

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Patrick K. Kroupa

Patrick Karel Kroupa (also known as Lord Digital, born January 20, 1969) is an American writer, hacker and activist.

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Peace (cigarette)

Peace is a Japanese brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Japan Tobacco.

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Persistent genital arousal disorder

Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD), previously called persistent sexual arousal syndrome, is spontaneous, persistent, unwanted and uncontrollable genital arousal in the absence of sexual stimulation or sexual desire, and is typically not relieved by orgasm.

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Pesticide

Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests, including weeds.

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Peter Stuyvesant (cigarette)

Peter Stuyvesant is a premium brand of cigarettes currently owned by British American Tobacco and manufactured by the American Cigarette Company.

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Physical dependence

Physical dependence is a physical condition caused by chronic use of a tolerance forming drug, in which abrupt or gradual drug withdrawal causes unpleasant physical symptoms.

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Phytochemistry

Phytochemistry is the study of phytochemicals, which are chemicals derived from plants.

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Phytotoxin

Phytotoxins are toxic chemicals produced by plants, which function as defensive agents against their predators.

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Pianissimo Peche

Pianissimo is a Japanese brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Japan Tobacco.

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Piperidine

Piperidine is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH2)5NH.

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Pituri

Pituri is a mixture of leaves and wood ash traditionally chewed as a stimulant (or, after extended use, a depressant) by Aboriginal Australians widely across the continent.

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Plant

Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.

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Plant defense against herbivory

Plant defense against herbivory or host-plant resistance (HPR) describes a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores.

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Plant secondary metabolism

Secondary metabolism produces a large number of specialized compounds (estimated 200,000) that do not aid in the growth and development of plants but are required for the plant to survive in its environment.

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Plants in culture

Plants serve many functions in culture.

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Poly drug use

Poly drug use refers to the use of two or more psychoactive drugs in combination to achieve a particular effect.

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Poplar River First Nation

Poplar River First Nation (or Azaadiwi-ziibi Nitam-Anishinaabe in the Anishinaabe language) is an Ojibwa First Nation in Manitoba, Canada.

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Popularne

Popularne is a Polish brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the State Tobacco Industry in Kraków.

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Positions of medical organizations on electronic cigarettes

The scientific community in United States and Europe are primarily concerned with the possible effect of electronic cigarette use on public health.

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Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories

Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories relate to visits or interactions with the Americas and/or indigenous peoples of the Americas by people from Africa, Asia, Europe, or Oceania before Columbus's first voyage to the Caribbean in 1492.

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Premier (cigarette)

Premier was an American brand of smokeless cigarettes which was owned and manufactured by the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company.

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Prenatal cocaine exposure

Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE), theorized in the 1970s, occurs when a pregnant woman uses cocaine and thereby exposes her fetus to the drug.

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Primary polydipsia

Primary polydipsia is a form of polydipsia characterised by excessive fluid intake in the absence of physiological stimuli to drink.

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Prince (cigarette)

Prince is a Danish brand of cigarettes owned by House of Prince, which until 2008 was a subsidiary of the Scandinavian Tobacco Company.

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Products produced from The Simpsons

The long-running television animation The Simpsons has featured a number of fictional products, sometimes spoofs of real-life products, that have subsequently been recreated by real world companies attempting to exploit the popularity of The Simpsons.

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Progesterone

Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.

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Prohibition of drugs

The prohibition of drugs through sumptuary legislation or religious law is a common means of attempting to prevent the recreational use of certain harmful drugs and other intoxicating substances.

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Prospective memory

Prospective memory is a form of memory that involves remembering to perform a planned action or recall a planned intention at some future point in time.

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Proteinuria

Proteinuria is the presence of excess proteins in the urine.

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Psilocybin

Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic prodrug compound produced by more than 200 species of mushrooms, collectively known as psilocybin mushrooms.

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Psychoactive drug

A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, or psychotropic is a chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior.

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Psychoactive plant

Psychoactive plants are plants, or preparations thereof, that upon ingestion induce psychotropic effects.

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Psychoactive Substances Act 2016

The Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 is a law in the United Kingdom intended to restrict the production, sale and supply of a new class of psychoactive substances often referred to as "legal highs".

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Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors is a peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Psychological Association that publishes original articles related to the psychological aspects of addictive behaviors 8 times a year.

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Psychoneuroendocrinology

Psychoneuroendocrinology is the clinical study of hormone fluctuations and their relationship to human behavior.

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Psychopharmacology

Psychopharmacology (from Greek label; label; and label) is the scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior.

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Pusher Love Girl

"Pusher Love Girl" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Justin Timberlake for his third studio album, The 20/20 Experience (2013).

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Pyridine

Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C5H5N.

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Pyridine alkaloids

Pyridine alkaloids are a class of alkaloids, nitrogen-containing chemical compounds widely found in plants, that contain a pyridine ring.

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Pyrrolidine

Pyrrolidine, also known as tetrahydropyrrole, is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH2)4NH.

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Quality (philosophy)

In philosophy, a quality is an attribute or a property characteristic of an object.

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Quest (cigarette)

Quest is a cigarette brand manufactured by Vector Tobacco, based in Mebane, North Carolina.

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Quinolinic acid

Quinolinic acid (abbreviated QUIN or QA), also known as pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with a pyridine backbone.

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R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company

The R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR), based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and founded by R. J. Reynolds in 1875, is the second-largest tobacco company in the U.S. (behind Altria).

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R6 (cigarette)

R6 is a German brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Reemtsma, a subsidiary of Imperial Tobacco.

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Recent human evolution

Recent human evolution refers to evolutionary adaptation and selection and genetic drift within anatomically modern human populations, since their separation and dispersal in the Middle Paleolithic.

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Receptor (biochemistry)

In biochemistry and pharmacology, a receptor is a protein molecule that receives chemical signals from outside a cell.

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Recreational drug use

Recreational drug use is the use of a psychoactive drug to induce an altered state of consciousness for pleasure, by modifying the perceptions, feelings, and emotions of the user.

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Regal (cigarette)

Regal is a British brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Imperial Tobacco.

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Regulation of electronic cigarettes

Regulation of electronic cigarettes varies across countries and states, ranging from no regulation to banning them entirely.

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Regulation of nicotine marketing

As nicotine is highly addictive, marketing nicotine-containing products is regulated in most jurisdictions.

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Religion and drugs

Many religions have expressed positions on what is acceptable to consume as a means of intoxication for spiritual, pleasure, or medicinal purposes.

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Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act

The removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act, the most tightly restricted category reserved for drugs that have "no currently accepted medical use," has been proposed repeatedly since 1972.

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Responsible drug use

Responsible drug use maximizes the benefits and reduces the risk of negative impact on the lives of both the user and others.

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Reval (cigarette)

Reval is a German brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Reemtsma, subsidiary of Imperial Tobacco.

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Rex Ronan: Experimental Surgeon

Rex Ronan: Experimental Surgeon is an educational action video game developed by Sculptured Software and published by Raya Systems for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.

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Richard Wolffenstein (chemist)

Richard Wolffenstein (21 August 1864 – 5 June 1926) was a German chemist.

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RJR-2429

RJR-2429 is a drug that acts as an agonist at neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, binding to both the α3β4 and the α4β2 subtypes.

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Robo-Hunter

Robo-Hunter is a recurring strip in the British Comic 2000 AD, initially written by John Wagner and illustrated by Ian Gibson.

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Roll-your-own cigarette

Roll-your-own cigarettes (also called RYO, MYO, rollies, roll-ups, burns, bingie, hand-rolled cigarettes, or simply rolls) refer to cigarettes made from loose tobacco and rolling paper.

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Roth-Händle

Roth-Händle is the name of a former company in the tobacco industry in Lahr, Germany and nowadays is a cigarette brand that is manufactured by Reemtsma, a subsidiary of Imperial Tobacco since 2002.

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Route of administration

A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.

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Roxy (cigarette)

Roxy was a Dutch cigarette brand that was manufactured by Royal Theodorus Niemeyer in Groningen, now owned by British American Tobacco.

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RTI-126

RTI-126 (RTI-4229-126 or (–)-2β-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-methyl)-3β-phenyltropane) is a phenyltropane derivative which acts as a potent monoamine reuptake inhibitor and stimulant drug.

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Safety of electronic cigarettes

The safety of electronic cigarettes is uncertain.

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Sakura (cigarette)

Sakura was a Japanese brand of cigarettes that was owned and manufacrured by Japan Tobacco.

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Saliva testing

Saliva testing is a diagnostic technique that involves laboratory analysis of saliva to identify markers of endocrine, immunologic, inflammatory, infectious, and other types of conditions.

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Salvia divinorum

Salvia divinorum (also known as sage of the diviners, ska maría pastora, seer's sage, yerba de la pastora or simply salvia) is a plant species with transient psychoactive properties when its leaves are consumed by chewing, smoking or as a tea.

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Samuel Siegfried Karl von Basch

Samuel Siegfried Karl Ritter von Basch (9 September 1837, Prague25 April 1905) was an Austrian-Jewish physician who was best known as the personal physician of emperor Maximilian of Mexico and the inventor of the blood pressure meter (also known as sphygmomanometer).

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Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as granulomas.

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Sayers, Allport & Potter

Sayers, Allport & Potter, later Sayers, Allport Proprietary, was an Australian wholesale pharmaceutical and veterinary supply business based in Sydney, whose principal market was the pastoral and agricultural industries of New South Wales.

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SB-277,011-A

SB-277,011A is a drug which acts as a potent and selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, which is around 80-100x selective for D3 over D2, and lacks any partial agonist activity.

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SCAN

SCAN or Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry is a set of tools created by WHO aimed at diagnosing and measuring mental illness that may occur in adult life.

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Schizoaffective disorder

Schizoaffective disorder (SZA, SZD or SAD) is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal thought processes and deregulated emotions.

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Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand reality.

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Secondary hypertension

Secondary hypertension (or, less commonly, inessential hypertension) is a type of hypertension which by definition is caused by an identifiable underlying primary cause.

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Selegiline

Selegiline, also known as L-deprenyl, is a substituted phenethylamine.

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Self-medication

Self-medication is a human behavior in which an individual uses a substance or any exogenous influence to self-administer treatment for physical or psychological ailments.

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Senegalia berlandieri

Senegalia berlandieri (Berlandier Acacia, Guajillo Acacia, guajillo, huajillo) is a shrub native to the Southwestern United States and northeast Mexico that belongs to the subfamily Mimosoideae (wattles) of Fabaceae (legumes).

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Sensory gating

Sensory gating describes neurological processes of filtering out redundant or unnecessary stimuli in the brain from all possible environmental stimuli.

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Seven Stars (cigarette)

is a brand of cigarettes produced by Japan Tobacco.

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Sexual addiction

Sexual addiction, also known as sex addiction, is a proposed state characterized by compulsive participation or engagement in sexual activity, particularly sexual intercourse, despite negative consequences.

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Sexual dysfunction

Sexual dysfunction (or sexual malfunction or sexual disorder) is difficulty experienced by an individual or a couple during any stage of a normal sexual activity, including physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal or orgasm.

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Sidestream smoke

Sidestream smoke is smoke which goes into the air directly from a burning cigarette, cigar, or smoking pipe.

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Silk Cut

Silk Cut is a British brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Gallaher Group, a division of Japan Tobacco.

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Simplified molecular-input line-entry system

The simplified molecular-input line-entry system (SMILES) is a specification in form of a line notation for describing the structure of chemical species using short ASCII strings.

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Sinus tachycardia

Sinus tachycardia (also colloquially known as sinus tach or sinus tachy) is a sinus rhythm with an elevated rate of impulses, defined as a rate greater than 100 beats/min (bpm) in an average adult.

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SLC1A2

Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) also known as solute carrier family 1 member 2 (SLC1A2) and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC1A2 gene.

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Sleep hygiene

Sleep hygiene is the recommended behavioral and environmental practice that is intended to promote better quality sleep.

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Smoke on the Daughter

"Smoke On The Daughter" is the fifteenth episode of The Simpsons' nineteenth season.

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Smokeless tobacco

Smokeless tobacco is tobacco or a tobacco product that is used by means other than smoking.

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Smoker's melanosis

Smoker's melanosis is seen with the naked eye as a brown to black pigmentation of the oral tissue i.e. the gums, cheeks or palate Axéll T, Hedin CA: Epidemiologic study of excessive oral melanin pigmentation with special reference to the influence of tobacco habits.

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Smoking

Smoking is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke breathed in to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream.

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Smoking ban

Smoking bans (or smoke-free laws) are public policies, including criminal laws and occupational safety and health regulations, that prohibit tobacco smoking in workplaces and other public spaces.

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Smoking cessation

Smoking cessation (also known as quitting smoking or simply quitting) is the process of discontinuing tobacco smoking.

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Smoking in Indonesia

Smoking in Indonesia is common, as there are approximately 57 million smokers in Indonesia.

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Smoking in North Korea

Tobacco smoking is popular and, at least for men, culturally acceptable in North Korea.

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Snuff (tobacco)

Snuff is a smokeless tobacco made from ground or pulverised tobacco leaves.

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Snus

Snus is a moist powder tobacco product originating from a variant of dry snuff in early 18th-century Sweden.

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Sobranie

Sobranie (Собрание, "Gathering", "Collection", "Assembly") is a British brand of luxury cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Gallaher Group, a subsidiary of Japan Tobacco.

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Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

The Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT) is an international organization that studies and shares research on nicotine and tobacco use from a public health and scientific perspective.

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Solanaceae

The Solanaceae, or nightshades, are an economically important family of flowering plants.

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Sphingidae

The Sphingidae are a family of moths (Lepidoptera), commonly known as hawk moths, sphinx moths, and hornworms; it includes about 1,450 species.

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Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons

The Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons (SUSMP) is an Australian legislative instrument produced by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA).

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Stanley Schachter

Stanley Schachter (April 15, 1922 – June 7, 1997) was an American social psychologist, who is perhaps best known for his development of the two factor theory of emotion in 1962 along with Jerome E. Singer.

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Stillbirth

Stillbirth is typically defined as fetal death at or after 20 to 28 weeks of pregnancy.

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Stimulant

Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects.

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Stimulant use disorder

Stimulant use disorder is a type of substance use disorder that involves the abuse of stimulants.

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Substance abuse

Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a drug in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others, and is a form of substance-related disorder.

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Substance dependence

Substance dependence also known as drug dependence is an adaptive state that develops from repeated drug administration, and which results in withdrawal upon cessation of drug use.

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Substance use disorder

A substance use disorder (SUD), also known as a drug use disorder, is a condition in which the use of one or more substances leads to a clinically significant impairment or distress.

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Sudden infant death syndrome

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), also known as cot death or crib death, is the sudden unexplained death of a child less than one year of age.

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Sulfoxaflor

Sulfoxaflor is a systemic insecticide which acts as an insect neurotoxin and is a member a class of chemicals called sulfoximines which act on the central nervous system of insects.

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Surinabant

Surinabant (SR147778) is a cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonist developed by Sanofi-Aventis.

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Synthetic cannabinoids

Synthetic cannabinoids are a class of molecules that bind to cannabinoid receptors in the body–the same receptors that the cannabinoids in cannabis plants, such as THC and CBD–attach to.

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TA-NIC

TA-NIC is a proprietary vaccine in development similar to TA-CD but being used to create human anti-nicotine antibodies in a person to destroy nicotine in the human body so that it is no longer effective.

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Tachycardia

Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.

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Tachyphylaxis

Tachyphylaxis (Greek ταχύς, tachys, "rapid", and φύλαξις, phylaxis, "protection") is a medical term describing an acute, sudden decrease in response to a drug after its administration, i.e. a rapid and short-term onset of drug tolerance.

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Tar (tobacco residue)

Tar is the common name for the resinous, partially combusted particulate matter produced by the burning of tobacco and other plant material in the act of smoking.

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Tar derby

The tar derby is the period in the 1950s and early 1960s marked by a rapid influx in both cigarette advertising focused on tar content measurements to differentiate cigarettes and brand introduction or repositioning focusing on filter technology.

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Taste

Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system.

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TerraCycle

TerraCycle is a private U.S. business headquartered in Trenton, New Jersey.

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Terry Pitt

Terence John Pitt (2 March 1937 – 3 October 1986) was a British political researcher and adviser.

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The Betrothed (poem)

"The Betrothed" is a poem by Rudyard Kipling, first published in book form in Departmental Ditties (1886).

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The Hombres

The Hombres were an American garage rock band from Memphis, Tennessee, known primarily for the 1967 single "Let It Out (Let It All Hang Out)".

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The Man Who Tasted Shapes

The Man Who Tasted Shapes is a book by neurologist Richard Cytowic about synesthesia.

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The New York NRT Distribution Program

The New York NRT Distribution Program is a program that provides smokers with a way to help them quit their smoking habits.

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The Poor Man's James Bond

The Poor Man's James Bond is a four book series originally intended for the survivalist-minded, compiled by writer Kurt Saxon.

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The Real World: Los Angeles

The Real World: California (retrospectively referred to as The Real World: Los Angeles, to distinguish it from subsequent installments of the series) is the second season of MTV's reality television series The Real World, which focuses on a group of diverse strangers living together for several months, as the cameras follow their lives and interpersonal relationships.

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Theophylline

Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a methylxanthine drug used in therapy for respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma under a variety of brand names.

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Third-hand smoke

Third-hand smoke is contamination by tobacco smoke that lingers following the extinguishing of a cigarette, cigar, or other combustible tobacco product.

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Time preference

In economics, time preference (or time discounting, delay discounting, temporal discounting) is the current relative valuation placed on receiving a good at an earlier date compared with receiving it at a later date.

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Timeline of Animal Liberation Front actions, 2005–present

This is a time line of Animal Liberation Front (ALF) actions since 2005.

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TNCO ceilings

The Tar, Nicotine and Carbon monoxyde ceilings (or TNCO ceilings) are the average upper limits on total aerosol residue, nicotine and carbon monoxide contents of a cigarette, as measured on a smoking machine and according to a given set of ISO standards.

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Tobacco

Tobacco is a product prepared from the leaves of the tobacco plant by curing them.

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Tobacco 21

Tobacco 21 is a national campaign aimed at raising the minimum legal age (MLA) for tobacco and nicotine sales in the United States to 21.

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Tobacco in Alabama

Tobacco is an agricultural product acting as a stimulant triggering complex biochemical and neurotransmitter disruptions.

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Tobacco industry

The tobacco industry comprises those persons and companies engaged in the growth, preparation for sale, shipment, advertisement, and distribution of tobacco and tobacco-related products.

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Tobacco industry in Malawi

Tobacco production in Malawi is one of the nation's largest sources of income.

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Tobacco packaging warning messages

Tobacco package warning messages are warning messages that appear on the packaging of cigarettes and other tobacco products concerning their health effects.

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Tobacco products

Tobacco is the agricultural product of the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana.

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Tobacco Products Control Act, 1993

The Tobacco Products Control Act was introduced in South Africa in 1993, where smoking has been rated the second highest health concern, after HIV/AIDS.

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Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee

The Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee (TPSAC) is an advisory panel of the United States Food and Drug Administration organized to provide advice, information and recommendations to the FDA commissioner on matters related to the regulation of tobacco products.

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Tobacco smoke

Cigarette smoke is an aerosol produced by the incomplete combustion of tobacco during the smoking of cigarettes.

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Tobacco smoke enema

The tobacco smoke enema, an insufflation of tobacco smoke into the rectum by enema, was a medical treatment employed by European physicians for a range of ailments.

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Tobacco smoking

Tobacco smoking is the practice of smoking tobacco and inhaling tobacco smoke (consisting of particle and gaseous phases).

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Tobacco water

Tobacco water, tobacco juice, tobacco dust juice or tobacco lime is a traditional organic insecticide used in domestic gardening.

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Tobacco-specific nitrosamines

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) comprise one of the most important groups of carcinogens in tobacco products, particularly cigarettes and fermented dipping snuff.

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Toothpaste

Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice used with a toothbrush as an accessory to clean and maintain the aesthetics and health of teeth.

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Topsy-Turvy

Topsy-Turvy is a 1999 British musical drama film written and directed by Mike Leigh, starring Allan Corduner as Sir Arthur Sullivan and Jim Broadbent as W. S. Gilbert, along with Timothy Spall and Lesley Manville.

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Toxication

Toxication or toxification is the conversion of a chemical compound into a more toxic form in living organisms or in substrates such as soil or water.

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Toxicology

Toxicology is a discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants.

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Transdermal patch

A transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive patch that is placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the bloodstream.

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Transplacental carcinogenesis

Transplacental carcinogenesis is a series of genotypic and/or phenotypic changes in the cells of a fetus due to in utero exposure to carcinogens.

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Tranylcypromine

Tranylcypromine (contracted from trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine; original trade name Parnate)Drugs.com.

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Treatment of Tourette syndrome

Tourette syndrome (also Tourette's syndrome or TS) is an inherited neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by the presence of motor and phonic tics.

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Trier social stress test

The Trier social stress test (TSST) is a laboratory procedure used to reliably induce stress in human research participants.

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TRPA1

Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1, also known as transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 or TRPA1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPA1 (and in other species by the Trpa1) gene.

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TRPM5

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5), also known as long transient receptor potential channel 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPM5 gene.

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TRPM8

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8), also known as the cold and menthol receptor 1 (CMR1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPM8 gene.

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Truth Tobacco Industry Documents

The UCSF Truth Tobacco Industry Documents (formerly known as Legacy Tobacco Documents Library) is a digital archive of tobacco industry documents, funded by Truth Initiative and created and maintained by the University of California, San Francisco.

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Työmies (cigarette)

Työmies was a Finnish brand of cigarettes, which was owned and manufactured by the "Tupakkatehdas Fennia" ("Fennia Tobacco Factory").

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Types of tobacco

This article includes a list of tobacco cultivars and varieties.

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Tyrosine hydroxylase

Tyrosine hydroxylase or tyrosine 3-monooxygenase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA).

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Under Pressure (album)

Under Pressure is the debut studio album by American rapper Logic.

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Union Label Group

Union Label Group is a record label based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

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Vachellia rigidula

Vachellia rigidula, commonly known as Blackbrush Acacia or Chaparro Prieto, and also known as Acacia rigidula, is a species of shrub or small tree in the legume family, Fabaceae.

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Vape shop

A vape shop is a retail store or website specializing in the selling of electronic cigarette products.

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Vaporizer (inhalation device)

A vaporizer or vaporiser (a ‘vape’) is a device used to vaporize substances for inhalation.

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Varenicline

Varenicline (trade name Chantix and Champix), is a prescription medication used to treat nicotine addiction.

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Variant angina

Variant angina, often termed Prinzmetal's angina, Prinzmetal angina, and less commonly vasospastic angina, angina inversa, coronary vessel spasm, or coronary artery vasospasm, is a syndrome typically consisting of angina (cardiac chest pain) that unlike classical angina, which is triggered by exertion or exercise, commonly occurs in individuals at rest or even asleep.

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Vegetarianism and religion

Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).

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Ventral tegmental area

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) (tegmentum is Latin for covering), also known as the ventral tegmental area of Tsai, or simply ventral tegmentum, is a group of neurons located close to the midline on the floor of the midbrain.

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Viceroy (cigarette)

Viceroy is an American brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company in the United States and British American Tobacco outside of the United States.

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VUSE (electronic cigarette)

VUSE Digital Vapor Cigarette is an electronic cigarette owned by R. J. Reynolds Vapor Company, a subsidiary of Reynolds American.

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West (cigarette)

West is a German brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by Imperial Tobacco.

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Wholly Smoke

Wholly Smoke is a 1938 Looney Tunes cartoon starring Porky Pig and directed by Frank Tashlin.

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Will Self

William Woodard Self (born 26 September 1961) is an English novelist, journalist, political commentator and television personality.

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William Anthony Farone

William Anthony Farone is a former Philip Morris Director of Applied Research, and is considered in lawsuits to be an anti-tobacco expert.

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Y1 (tobacco)

Y1 is a strain of tobacco that was cross-bred by Brown & Williamson to obtain an unusually high nicotine content.

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Zoopharmacognosy

Zoopharmacognosy is a behaviour in which non-human animals apparently self-medicate by selecting and ingesting or topically applying plants, soils, insects, and psychoactive drugs to prevent or reduce the harmful effects of pathogens and toxins.

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Zusanli

Zusanli (ST36) is an acupoint, a point of the skin that is stimulated, with various techniques, in the practice of acupuncture.

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18-Methoxycoronaridine

(–)-18-Methoxycoronaridine (18-MC) is a derivative of ibogaine invented in 1996 by the research team around the pharmacologist Stanley D. Glick from the Albany Medical College and the chemist Martin E. Kuehne from the University of Vermont.

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1988 in the United States

This is a list of events from the year 1988 in the United States.

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1996 Pulitzer Prize

Winners of the Pulitzer Prizes for 1996 were.

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2,6-Dihydroxypyridine

2,6-Dihydroxypyridine is an alkaloid with the molecular formula C5H3N(OH)2.

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2-oxoglutaramate amidase

2-oxoglutaramate amidase (omega-amidase) is an enzyme with systematic name 5-amino-2,5-dioxopentanoate amidohydrolase.

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2000 AD (comics)

2000 AD is a weekly British science fiction-orientated comic.

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2011 in science

The year 2011 involved many significant scientific events, including the first artificial organ transplant, the launch of China's first space station and the growth of the world population to seven billion.

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2015 in Malaysia

The following lists events from 2015 in Malaysia.

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3-Methylpyridine

3-Methylpyridine or 3-picoline, is an organic compound with formula 3-CH3C5H4N.

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4-Methylaminobutanoate oxidase (methylamine-forming)

4-methylaminobutanoate oxidase (methylamine-forming) (mao (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 4-methylaminobutanoate methylamidohydrolase.

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5-HT2C receptor

The 5-HT2C receptor is a subtype of 5-HT receptor that binds the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT).

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6-Hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine 3-monooxygenase

6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine 3-monooxygenase (6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine hydroxylase, hspA (gene), hspB (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 4-(6-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)-4-oxobutanoate,NADH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating, succinate semialdehyde releasing).

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60 Minutes

60 Minutes is an American newsmagazine television program broadcast on the CBS television network.

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Redirects here:

ATC code N07BA01, ATCvet code QN07BA01, ATCvet code QP53AX13, Black Leaf, Black Leaf 40, Campbell's Nico-Soap, Destruxol Orchid Spray, EC 200-193-3, Emo-Nik, Flux Maag, Fumetobac, Liquid nicotine, Mach-Nic, Niagara P.A. Dust, Nic-Sal, Nick O'Teen, Nico-Dust, Nico-Fume, Nicocide, Nicoderm Cq, Nicorette Plus, Nicotene, Nicotin, Nicotine addiction, Nicotine alkaloids, Nicotine sulfate, Nicotrol Inhaler, Nicotrol Ns, Nikotin, Nikotyna, Ortho N-4 Dust, Ortho N-5 Dust, Tendust.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine

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