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Ohm's law

Index Ohm's law

Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. [1]

252 relations: A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field, Active load, Active rectification, Admittance and conductance in cardiac performance, Airway resistance, Aluminum building wiring, Amateur radio in India, American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Ampere, Anemometer, Arthur E. Kennelly, Asymptotic gain model, AudioQuest, Aurora, Barlow's law, Battery regenerator, Bill Lear, Biological neuron model, Bipolar transistor biasing, Bond graph, Brian Pippard, Buck converter, Cable theory, Calorimeter, Capacitive power supply, Capacitor analogy, Capillary electrophoresis, Ceramic capacitor, Charge transport mechanisms, Coaxial cable, Common collector, Common source, Constitutive equation, Construction of electronic cigarettes, Contact resistance, Coulomb blockade, Critical field resistance, Current divider, Current mirror, Current sensing techniques, Current source, Current–voltage characteristic, Darcy's law, Dielectric complex reluctance, Dielectric reluctance, Differentiator, Diffusion, Diffusion current, Digital buffer, Drift current, ..., Drift velocity, Drude model, Dynamo theory, Earth potential rise, Eddy current, Electric current, Electric power, Electrical conductivity meter, Electrical impedance, Electrical injury, Electrical network, Electrical resistance and conductance, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Electricity, Electrochemistry, Electrode potential, Electromotive force, Electronic component, Electronics technician, Electronics Technician distance education program, Electrothermal instability, Energy current, Fick's laws of diffusion, Fitzsimons Army Medical Center, Flow distribution in manifolds, Flux tube, Foldback (power supply design), Force-sensing resistor, Four-terminal sensing, Francis Robbins Upton, Francis Ronalds, Free electron model, Frequency mixer, Galilean electromagnetism, Galvanometer, Galvanostat, Gel electrophoresis of proteins, Georg Ohm, George Chrystal, GeSbTe, GHK flux equation, Glossary of civil engineering, Glossary of classical physics, Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering, Glossary of engineering, Glossary of physics, Glossary of structural engineering, Grade crossing signals, Green–Kubo relations, Hagen–Poiseuille equation, Headphones, Henry Cavendish, High-voltage direct current, History of electrochemistry, History of electromagnetic theory, History of the metric system, Howard T. Odum, Hydraulic analogy, Hydrological modelling, Hyperbolic coordinates, Immunity-aware programming, Impedance analogy, Index of electrical engineering articles, Index of electronics articles, Index of physics articles (O), Induction equation, Induction plasma, Input impedance, Internal resistance, International System of Electrical and Magnetic Units, Islanding, John Hopkinson, Joule heating, Kirchhoff's circuit laws, Kirchhoff's laws, Law (principle), Laws of science, Léon Charles Thévenin, LC circuit, Lead zirconate titanate, LED circuit, Linearity, List of eponymous laws, List of eponyms (L–Z), List of German inventions and discoveries, List of German inventors and discoverers, List of important publications in physics, List of physics concepts in primary and secondary education curricula, List of scientific laws named after people, Low-voltage differential signaling, Magnetic circuit, Magnetic complex reluctance, Magnetic field, Magnetic reconnection, Magnetic reluctance, Magnetomotive force, Mal Evans, Mass flow sensor, Mathematical descriptions of opacity, Mathematical methods in electronics, Maximum power point tracking, Maximum power principle, Maximum power transfer theorem, Maxwell's equations, Mechanical–electrical analogies, Membrane potential, Memristor, Mesh analysis, Metal-mesh optical filter, Miller theorem, Millman's theorem, Mobility analogy, Negative resistance, Negative-feedback amplifier, Neopolarogram, Network analysis (electrical circuits), Nodal admittance matrix, Node (circuits), Norton's theorem, Ohm, Ohm (disambiguation), Ohmic contact, Ohmmeter, Ohms, Open energy system models, Outline of electrical engineering, Outline of electronics, Output impedance, Passive integrator circuit, Passive sign convention, Patch clamp, Penilaian Menengah Rendah, Per-unit system, Permeance, Piezoresistive effect, Polarization (electrochemistry), Polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis, Potentiostat, Propagation of uncertainty, Quantitative models of the action potential, Quantum point contact, Quartz crystal microbalance, RC circuit, Reciprocity (electromagnetism), Relaxation oscillator, Resistor, Return ratio, Ridley–Watkins–Hilsum theory, RL circuit, Saturation velocity, Scientific law, Scientific phenomena named after people, Sense (electronics), Series and parallel circuits, Short circuit, Shunting inhibition, Solar dynamo, Source transformation, Space charge, Spatial dispersion, Spectral density, Spin density wave, Statistical learning theory, Statistical mechanics, Stepper motor, Stray voltage, Street light, Sucrose gap, Superconductivity, Switched-mode power supply, Tafel equation, Telecomix, Teledeltos, Test probe, Theory of solar cells, Thermal conduction, Thermal resistance, Thermistor, Thermoelectric effect, Thomas Edison, Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics, Timeline of scientific discoveries, Traction motor, Transformer, Trouton–Rankine experiment, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Unworthy, Van der Pauw method, Vienna rectifier, Viscosity, Volt, Voltage, Voltage clamp, Voltage divider, Voltage droop, Voltage drop, Voltage ladder, Water microphone, Watt, Western culture, Wiedemann–Franz law, 1827 in science. Expand index (202 more) »

A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field

"A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" is a paper by James Clerk Maxwell on electromagnetism, published in 1865.

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Active load

An active load or dynamic load is a component or a circuit that functions as a current-stable nonlinear resistor.

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Active rectification

Active rectification, or synchronous rectification, is a technique for improving the efficiency of rectification by replacing diodes with actively controlled switches such as transistors, usually power MOSFETs or power BJTs.

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Admittance and conductance in cardiac performance

There is an established practice of using the electrical conductance of blood (PV loops) in heart ventricles to determine the instantaneous volume of the ventricle.

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Airway resistance

In respiratory physiology, airway resistance is the resistance of the respiratory tract to airflow during inhalation and expiration.

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Aluminum building wiring

Aluminum building wiring is a type of electrical wiring for residential construction or houses that uses aluminum electrical conductors.

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Amateur radio in India

Amateur radio or ham radio is practised by more than 16,000 licensed users in India.

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American Institute of Electrical Engineers

The American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) was a United States-based organization of electrical engineers that existed from 1884 through 1962.

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Ampere

The ampere (symbol: A), often shortened to "amp",SI supports only the use of symbols and deprecates the use of abbreviations for units.

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Anemometer

An anemometer is a device used for measuring the speed of wind, and is also a common weather station instrument.

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Arthur E. Kennelly

Arthur Edwin Kennelly (December 17, 1861 – June 18, 1939), was an Irish-American electrical engineer.

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Asymptotic gain model

The asymptotic gain model (also known as the Rosenstark method) is a representation of the gain of negative feedback amplifiers given by the asymptotic gain relation: where T is the return ratio with the input source disabled (equal to the negative of the loop gain in the case of a single-loop system composed of unilateral blocks), G∞ is the asymptotic gain and G0 is the direct transmission term.

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AudioQuest

AudioQuest, founded in 1980 by William E. Low, is a manufacturer of audio/video cables, digital-to-analog converters, headphones, power-conditioning products, and various audio/video accessories—all claimed to match high levels of performance and sold at high prices.

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Aurora

An aurora (plural: auroras or aurorae), sometimes referred to as polar lights, northern lights (aurora borealis) or southern lights (aurora australis), is a natural light display in the Earth's sky, predominantly seen in the high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic).

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Barlow's law

Barlow's law was an incorrect physical law proposed by Peter Barlow in 1825 to describe the ability of wires to conduct electricity.

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Battery regenerator

A battery regenerator is a device that restores capacity to lead-acid batteries, extending their effective lifespan.

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Bill Lear

William Powell Lear (June 26, 1902 – May 14, 1978) was an American inventor and businessman.

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Biological neuron model

A biological neuron model, also known as a spiking neuron model, is a mathematical description of the properties of certain cells in the nervous system that generate sharp electrical potentials across their cell membrane, roughly one millisecond in duration, as shown in Fig.

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Bipolar transistor biasing

Bipolar transistor amplifiers must be properly biased to operate correctly.

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Bond graph

A bond graph is a graphical representation of a physical dynamic system.

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Brian Pippard

Sir Alfred Brian Pippard, FRS (7 September 1920 – 21 September 2008), was a British physicist.

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Buck converter

A buck converter (step-down converter) is a DC-to-DC power converter which steps down voltage (while stepping up current) from its input (supply) to its output (load).

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Cable theory

Classical cable theory uses mathematical models to calculate the electric current (and accompanying voltage) along passive neurites, particularly the dendrites that receive synaptic inputs at different sites and times.

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Calorimeter

A calorimeter is an object used for calorimetry, or the process of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity.

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Capacitive power supply

A capacitive power supply, also called a capacitive dropper, is a type of power supply that uses the capacitive reactance of a capacitor to reduce the mains voltage to a lower voltage.

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Capacitor analogy

There are several formal analogies that can be made between electricity, which is invisible to the eye, and more familiar physical notions, such as the flowing of water or the motion of mechanical devices.

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Capillary electrophoresis

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a family of electrokinetic separation methods performed in submillimeter diameter capillaries and in micro- and nanofluidic channels.

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Ceramic capacitor

A ceramic capacitor is a fixed-value capacitor in which ceramic material acts as the dielectric.

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Charge transport mechanisms

Charge transport mechanisms are theoretical models that aim to quantitatively describe the electric current flow through a given medium.

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Coaxial cable

Cross-sectional view of a coaxial cable Coaxial cable, or coax (pronounced), is a type of electrical cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield.

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Common collector

In electronics, a common collector amplifier (also known as an emitter follower) is one of three basic single-stage bipolar junction transistor (BJT) amplifier topologies, typically used as a voltage buffer.

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Common source

In electronics, a common-source amplifier is one of three basic single-stage field-effect transistor (FET) amplifier topologies, typically used as a voltage or transconductance amplifier.

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Constitutive equation

In physics and engineering, a constitutive equation or constitutive relation is a relation between two physical quantities (especially kinetic quantities as related to kinematic quantities) that is specific to a material or substance, and approximates the response of that material to external stimuli, usually as applied fields or forces.

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Construction of electronic cigarettes

An electronic cigarette is a battery-powered vaporizer.

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Contact resistance

The term contact resistance refers to the contribution to the total resistance of a system which can be attributed to the contacting interfaces of electrical leads and connections as opposed to the intrinsic resistance, which is an inherent property, independent of the measurement method.

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Coulomb blockade

A Coulomb blockade will also be observed when making the device very small (like a quantum dot).

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Critical field resistance

Critical field resistance is a term that is associated with a shunt DC generator.

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Current divider

In electronics, a current divider is a simple linear circuit that produces an output current (IX) that is a fraction of its input current (IT).

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Current mirror

A current mirror is a circuit designed to copy a current through one active device by controlling the current in another active device of a circuit, keeping the output current constant regardless of loading.

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Current sensing techniques

In electrical engineering, current sensing is any one of several techniques used to measure electric current.

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Current source

A current source is an electronic circuit that delivers or absorbs an electric current which is independent of the voltage across it.

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Current–voltage characteristic

A current–voltage characteristic or I–V curve (current–voltage curve) is a relationship, typically represented as a chart or graph, between the electric current through a circuit, device, or material, and the corresponding voltage, or potential difference across it.

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Darcy's law

Darcy's law is an equation that describes the flow of a fluid through a porous medium.

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Dielectric complex reluctance

Dielectric complex reluctance is a scalar measurement of a passive dielectric circuit (or element within that circuit) dependent on sinusoidal voltage and sinusoidal electric induction flux, and this is determined by deriving the ratio of their complex effective amplitudes.

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Dielectric reluctance

Dielectric reluctance is a scalar measurement of a passive dielectric circuit (or element within that circuit) dependent on voltage and electric induction flux, and this is determined by deriving the ratio of their amplitudes.

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Differentiator

In electronics, a differentiator is a circuit that is designed such that the output of the circuit is approximately directly proportional to the rate of change (the time derivative) of the input.

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Diffusion

Diffusion is the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration (or high chemical potential) to a region of low concentration (or low chemical potential) as a result of random motion of the molecules or atoms.

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Diffusion current

Diffusion current is a current in a semiconductor caused by the diffusion of charge carriers (holes and/or electrons).

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Digital buffer

A digital buffer (or a voltage buffer) is an electronic circuit element that is used to isolate the input from the output, providing either no voltage or a voltage that is same as the input voltage.

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Drift current

In condensed matter physics and electrochemistry, drift current is the electric current, or movement of charge carriers, which is due to the applied electric field, often stated as the electromotive force over a given distance.

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Drift velocity

The drift velocity is the average velocity that a particle, such as an electron, attains in a material due to an electric field.

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Drude model

The Drude model of electrical conduction was proposed in 1900 by Paul Drude to explain the transport properties of electrons in materials (especially metals).

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Dynamo theory

In physics, the dynamo theory proposes a mechanism by which a celestial body such as Earth or a star generates a magnetic field.

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Earth potential rise

In electrical engineering, earth potential rise (EPR) also called ground potential rise (GPR) occurs when a large current flows to earth through an earth grid impedance.

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Eddy current

Eddy currents (also called Foucault currents) are loops of electrical current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor due to Faraday's law of induction.

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Electric current

An electric current is a flow of electric charge.

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Electric power

Electric power is the rate, per unit time, at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit.

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Electrical conductivity meter

An electrical conductivity meter (EC meter) measures the electrical conductivity in a solution.

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Electrical impedance

Electrical impedance is the measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied.

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Electrical injury

Electrical injury is a physiological reaction caused by electric current passing through the (human) body.

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Electrical network

An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical components (e.g. batteries, resistors, inductors, capacitors, switches) or a model of such an interconnection, consisting of electrical elements (e.g. voltage sources, current sources, resistances, inductances, capacitances).

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Electrical resistance and conductance

The electrical resistance of an electrical conductor is a measure of the difficulty to pass an electric current through that conductor.

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Electrical resistivity and conductivity

Electrical resistivity (also known as resistivity, specific electrical resistance, or volume resistivity) is a fundamental property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current.

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Electricity

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of electric charge.

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Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry that studies the relationship between electricity, as a measurable and quantitative phenomenon, and identifiable chemical change, with either electricity considered an outcome of a particular chemical change or vice versa.

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Electrode potential

Electrode potential, E, in chemistry or electrochemistry, according to a IUPAC definition, is the electromotive force of a cell built of two electrodes.

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Electromotive force

Electromotive force, abbreviated emf (denoted \mathcal and measured in volts), is the electrical intensity or "pressure" developed by a source of electrical energy such as a battery or generator.

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Electronic component

An electronic component is any basic discrete device or physical entity in an electronic system used to affect electrons or their associated fields.

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Electronics technician

Electronics technicians help design, develop, test, manufacture, install, and repair electrical and electronic equipment such as communication equipment, medical monitoring devices, navigational equipment, and computers.

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Electronics Technician distance education program

The Electronics Technician (ET) Distance Education program provides flexible, skills-based training in electronics.

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Electrothermal instability

The electrothermal instability (also known as the ionization instability, non-equilibrium instability or Velikhov instability in the literature) is a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability appearing in magnetized non-thermal plasmas used in MHD converters.

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Energy current

Energy current is a flow of energy defined by the Poynting vector, as opposed to normal current (flow of charge).

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Fick's laws of diffusion

Fick's laws of diffusion describe diffusion and were derived by Adolf Fick in 1855.

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Fitzsimons Army Medical Center

Fitzsimons Army Hospital — known as Fitzsimons Army Medical Center (FAMC) from 1974 — was a U.S. Army facility located on in Aurora, Colorado, USA.

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Flow distribution in manifolds

The flow in manifolds is extensively encountered in many industrial processes when it is necessary to distribute a large fluid stream into several parallel streams and then to collect them into one discharge stream, such as fuel cells, plate heat exchanger, radial flow reactor, and irrigation.

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Flux tube

A flux tube is a generally tube-like (cylindrical) region of space containing a magnetic field, B, such that the field is perpendicular to the normal vector, \hat.

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Foldback (power supply design)

Foldback is a current limiting feature (a type of overload protection) of power supplies and power amplifiers.

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Force-sensing resistor

A force-sensing resistor is a material whose resistance changes when a force, pressure or mechanical stress is applied.

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Four-terminal sensing

Four-terminal sensing (4T sensing), 4-wire sensing, or 4-point probes method is an electrical impedance measuring technique that uses separate pairs of current-carrying and voltage-sensing electrodes to make more accurate measurements than the simpler and more usual two-terminal (2T) sensing.

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Francis Robbins Upton

Francis Robbins Upton (1852 in Peabody, Massachusetts – March 10, 1921 in Orange, New Jersey) was an American physicist and mathematician.

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Francis Ronalds

Sir Francis Ronalds FRS (21 February 1788 – 8 August 1873) was an English scientist and inventor, and arguably the first electrical engineer.

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Free electron model

In solid-state physics, the free electron model is a simple model for the behaviour of charge carriers in a metallic solid.

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Frequency mixer

In electronics, a mixer, or frequency mixer, is a nonlinear electrical circuit that creates new frequencies from two signals applied to it.

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Galilean electromagnetism

Galilean electromagnetism is a formal electromagnetic field theory that is consistent with Galilean invariance.

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Galvanometer

A galvanometer is an electromechanical instrument used for detecting and indicating electric current.

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Galvanostat

A galvanostat, (also known as amperostat) is a control and measuring device capable of keeping the current through an electrolytic cell in coulometric titrations constant, disregarding changes in the load itself.

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Gel electrophoresis of proteins

Protein electrophoresis is a method for analysing the proteins in a fluid or an extract.

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Georg Ohm

Georg Simon Ohm (16 March 1789 – 6 July 1854) was a German physicist and mathematician.

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George Chrystal

George Chrystal FRSE FRS(8 March 1851 – 3 November 1911) was a Scottish mathematician.

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GeSbTe

GeSbTe (germanium-antimony-tellurium or GST) is a phase-change material from the group of chalcogenide glasses used in rewritable optical discs and phase-change memory applications.

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GHK flux equation

The Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz flux equation (or GHK flux equation or GHK current density equation) describes the ionic flux across a cell membrane as a function of the transmembrane potential and the concentrations of the ion inside and outside of the cell.

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Glossary of civil engineering

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Glossary of classical physics

This article is a glossary of classical physics.

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Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Glossary of engineering

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Glossary of physics

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Glossary of structural engineering

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Grade crossing signals

Grade crossing signals are the electronic warning devices for road vehicles at railroad grade crossings.

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Green–Kubo relations

The Green–Kubo relations (Melville S. Green 1954, Ryogo Kubo 1957) give the exact mathematical expression for transport coefficients \gamma in terms of integrals of time correlation functions.

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Hagen–Poiseuille equation

In nonideal fluid dynamics, the Hagen–Poiseuille equation, also known as the Hagen–Poiseuille law, Poiseuille law or Poiseuille equation, is a physical law that gives the pressure drop in an incompressible and Newtonian fluid in laminar flow flowing through a long cylindrical pipe of constant cross section.

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Headphones

Headphones (or head-phones in the early days of telephony and radio) are a pair of small loudspeaker drivers worn on or around the head over a user's ears.

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Henry Cavendish

Henry Cavendish FRS (10 October 1731 – 24 February 1810) was a British natural philosopher, scientist, and an important experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist.

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High-voltage direct current

A high-voltage, direct current (HVDC) electric power transmission system (also called a power superhighway or an electrical superhighway) uses direct current for the bulk transmission of electrical power, in contrast with the more common alternating current (AC) systems.

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History of electrochemistry

Electrochemistry, a branch of chemistry, went through several changes during its evolution from early principles related to magnets in the early 16th and 17th centuries, to complex theories involving conductivity, electric charge and mathematical methods.

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History of electromagnetic theory

The history of electromagnetic theory begins with ancient measures to understand atmospheric electricity, in particular lightning.

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History of the metric system

The history of the metric system began in the Age of Enlightenment with simple notions of length and weight taken from natural ones, and decimal multiples and fractions of them.

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Howard T. Odum

Howard Thomas Odum (also known as Tom or just H.T.) (September 1, 1924 – September 11, 2002) was an American ecologist.

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Hydraulic analogy

The electronic–hydraulic analogy (derisively referred to as the drain-pipe theory by Oliver Lodge) is the most widely used analogy for "electron fluid" in a metal conductor.

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Hydrological modelling

A hydrologic model is a simplification of a real-world system (e.g., surface water, soil water, wetland, groundwater, estuary) that aids in understanding, predicting, and managing water resources.

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Hyperbolic coordinates

In mathematics, hyperbolic coordinates are a method of locating points in quadrant I of the Cartesian plane Hyperbolic coordinates take values in the hyperbolic plane defined as: These coordinates in HP are useful for studying logarithmic comparisons of direct proportion in Q and measuring deviations from direct proportion.

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Immunity-aware programming

When writing firmware for an embedded system, immunity-aware programming refers to programming techniques which improve the tolerance of transient errors in the program counter or other modules of a program that would otherwise lead to failure.

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Impedance analogy

The impedance analogy is a method of representing a mechanical system by an analogous electrical system.

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Index of electrical engineering articles

This is an alphabetical list of articles pertaining specifically to electrical and electronics engineering.

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Index of electronics articles

This is an index of articles relating to electronics and electricity or natural electricity and things that run on electricity and things that use or conduct electricity.

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Index of physics articles (O)

The index of physics articles is split into multiple pages due to its size.

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Induction equation

The induction equation, one of the magnetohydrodynamic equations, is a partial differential equation that relates the magnetic field and velocity of an electrically conductive fluid such as a plasma.

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Induction plasma

The 1960s were the incipient period of thermal plasma technology, spurred by the needs of aerospace programs.

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Input impedance

The input impedance of an electrical network is the measure of the opposition to current flow (impedance), both static (resistance) and dynamic (reactance), into the load network being that is external to the electrical source.

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Internal resistance

A practical electrical power source which is a linear electric circuit may, according to Thévenin's theorem, be represented as an ideal voltage source in series with an impedance.

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International System of Electrical and Magnetic Units

The International System of Electrical and Magnetic Units is an obsolete system of units used for measuring electrical and magnetic quantities.

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Islanding

Islanding is the condition in which a distributed generator (DG) continues to power a location even though electrical grid power is no longer present.

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John Hopkinson

John Hopkinson, FRS, (27 July 1849 – 27 August 1898) was a British physicist, electrical engineer, Fellow of the Royal Society and President of the IEE (now the IET) twice in 1890 and 1896.

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Joule heating

Joule heating, also known as Ohmic heating and resistive heating, is the process by which the passage of an electric current through a conductor produces heat.

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Kirchhoff's circuit laws

Kirchhoff's circuit laws are two equalities that deal with the current and potential difference (commonly known as voltage) in the lumped element model of electrical circuits.

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Kirchhoff's laws

There are several Kirchhoff's laws, all named after Gustav Kirchhoff.

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Law (principle)

A law is a universal principle that describes the fundamental nature of something, the universal properties and the relationships between things, or a description that purports to explain these principles and relationships.

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Laws of science

The laws of science, scientific laws, or scientific principles are statements that describe or predict a range of phenomena as they appear in nature.

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Léon Charles Thévenin

Léon Charles Thévenin (30 March 1857, Meaux, Seine-et-Marne – 21 September 1926, Paris) was a French telegraph engineer who extended Ohm's law to the analysis of complex electrical circuits.

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LC circuit

An LC circuit, also called a resonant circuit, tank circuit, or tuned circuit, is an electric circuit consisting of an inductor, represented by the letter L, and a capacitor, represented by the letter C, connected together.

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Lead zirconate titanate

Lead zirconate titanate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Pb (0≤x≤1).

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LED circuit

In electronics, an LED circuit or LED driver is an electrical circuit used to power a light-emitting diode (LED).

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Linearity

Linearity is the property of a mathematical relationship or function which means that it can be graphically represented as a straight line.

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List of eponymous laws

This list of eponymous laws provides links to articles on laws, principles, adages, and other succinct observations or predictions named after a person.

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List of eponyms (L–Z)

An eponym is a person (real or fictitious) whose name has become identified with a particular object or activity.

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List of German inventions and discoveries

The following (incomplete) list is composed of items, techniques and processes that were invented by or discovered by people from Germany or German-speaking Europe.

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List of German inventors and discoverers

---- This is a list of German inventors and discoverers.

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List of important publications in physics

This is a list of important publications in physics, organized by field.

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List of physics concepts in primary and secondary education curricula

This is a list of topics that are included in high school physics curricula or textbooks.

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List of scientific laws named after people

This is a list of scientific laws named after people (eponymous laws).

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Low-voltage differential signaling

Low-voltage differential signaling, or LVDS, also known as TIA/EIA-644, is a technical standard that specifies electrical characteristics of a differential, serial communications protocol.

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Magnetic circuit

A magnetic circuit is made up of one or more closed loop paths containing a magnetic flux.

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Magnetic complex reluctance

Magnetic complex reluctance (SI Unit: H−1) is a measurement of a passive magnetic circuit (or element within that circuit) dependent on sinusoidal magnetomotive force (SI Unit: At·Wb−1) and sinusoidal magnetic flux (SI Unit: T·m2), and this is determined by deriving the ratio of their complex effective amplitudes.

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Magnetic field

A magnetic field is a vector field that describes the magnetic influence of electrical currents and magnetized materials.

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Magnetic reconnection

Magnetic reconnection is a physical process in highly conducting plasmas in which the magnetic topology is rearranged and magnetic energy is converted to kinetic energy, thermal energy, and particle acceleration.

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Magnetic reluctance

Magnetic reluctance, or magnetic resistance, is a concept used in the analysis of magnetic circuits.

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Magnetomotive force

In physics, the magnetomotive force is a quantity appearing in the equation for the magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit, often called Ohm's law for magnetic circuits.

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Mal Evans

Malcolm Frederick "Mal" Evans (27 May 1935 – 5 January 1976) was the roadie, the assistant, and a friend of the Beatles.

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Mass flow sensor

A mass (air) flow sensor (MAF) is a sensor used to determine the mass flow rate of air entering a fuel-injected internal combustion engine.

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Mathematical descriptions of opacity

When an electromagnetic wave travels through a medium in which it gets attenuated (this is called an "opaque" or "attenuating" medium), it undergoes exponential decay as described by the Beer–Lambert law.

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Mathematical methods in electronics

Mathematical methods are integral to the study of electronics.

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Maximum power point tracking

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) or sometimes just power point tracking (PPT)) is a technique used commonly with wind turbines and photovoltaic (PV) solar systems to maximize power extraction under all conditions. Although solar power is mainly covered, the principle applies generally to sources with variable power: for example, optical power transmission and thermophotovoltaics. PV solar systems exist in many different configurations with regard to their relationship to inverter systems, external grids, battery banks, or other electrical loads. Regardless of the ultimate destination of the solar power, though, the central problem addressed by MPPT is that the efficiency of power transfer from the solar cell depends on both the amount of sunlight falling on the solar panels and the electrical characteristics of the load. As the amount of sunlight varies, the load characteristic that gives the highest power transfer efficiency changes, so that the efficiency of the system is optimized when the load characteristic changes to keep the power transfer at highest efficiency. This load characteristic is called the maximum power point (MPP) and MPPT is the process of finding this point and keeping the load characteristic there. Electrical circuits can be designed to present arbitrary loads to the photovoltaic cells and then convert the voltage, current, or frequency to suit other devices or systems, and MPPT solves the problem of choosing the best load to be presented to the cells in order to get the most usable power out. Solar cells have a complex relationship between temperature and total resistance that produces a non-linear output efficiency which can be analyzed based on the I-V curve. It is the purpose of the MPPT system to sample the output of the PV cells and apply the proper resistance (load) to obtain maximum power for any given environmental conditions. MPPT devices are typically integrated into an electric power converter system that provides voltage or current conversion, filtering, and regulation for driving various loads, including power grids, batteries, or motors.

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Maximum power principle

The maximum power principle or Lotka's principle has been proposed as the fourth principle of energetics in open system thermodynamics, where an example of an open system is a biological cell.

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Maximum power transfer theorem

In electrical engineering, the maximum power transfer theorem states that, to obtain maximum external power from a source with a finite internal resistance, the resistance of the load must equal the resistance of the source as viewed from its output terminals.

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Maxwell's equations

Maxwell's equations are a set of partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of classical electromagnetism, classical optics, and electric circuits.

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Mechanical–electrical analogies

Mechanical–electrical analogies are the representation of mechanical systems as electrical networks.

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Membrane potential

The term "membrane potential" may refer to one of three kinds of membrane potential.

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Memristor

A memristor (a portmanteau of memory resistor) is a hypothetical non-linear passive two-terminal electrical component relating electric charge and magnetic flux linkage.

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Mesh analysis

Mesh analysis (or the mesh current method) is a method that is used to solve planar circuits for the currents (and indirectly the voltages) at any place in the electrical circuit.

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Metal-mesh optical filter

Metal-mesh optical filters are optical filters made from stacks of metal meshes and dielectric.

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Miller theorem

The Miller theorem refers to the process of creating equivalent circuits.

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Millman's theorem

In electrical engineering, Millman's theorem (or the parallel generator theorem) is a method to simplify the solution of a circuit.

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Mobility analogy

The mobility analogy, also called admittance analogy or Firestone analogy, is a method of representing a mechanical system by an analogous electrical system.

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Negative resistance

In electronics, negative resistance (NR) is a property of some electrical circuits and devices in which an increase in voltage across the device's terminals results in a decrease in electric current through it.

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Negative-feedback amplifier

A Negative-feedback amplifier (or feedback amplifier) is an electronic amplifier that subtracts a fraction of its output from its input, so that negative feedback opposes the original signal.

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Neopolarogram

The term neopolarogram refers to mathematical derivatives of polarograms or cyclic voltammograms that in effect deconvolute diffusion and electrochemical kinetics.

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Network analysis (electrical circuits)

A network, in the context of electronics, is a collection of interconnected components.

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Nodal admittance matrix

In power engineering, nodal admittance matrix (or just admittance matrix) or Y Matrix or Ybus is an N x N matrix describing a power system with N buses.

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Node (circuits)

In electrical engineering, a node is any point on a circuit where the terminals of two or more circuit elements meet.

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Norton's theorem

Known in Europe as the Mayer–Norton theorem, Norton's theorem holds, to illustrate in DC circuit theory terms (see that image).

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Ohm

The ohm (symbol: Ω) is the SI derived unit of electrical resistance, named after German physicist Georg Simon Ohm.

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Ohm (disambiguation)

Ohm (Ω) refers to the SI unit of electrical resistance named after Georg Ohm.

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Ohmic contact

An ohmic contact is a non-rectifying electrical junction: a junction between two conductors that has a linear current–voltage (I-V) curve as with Ohm's law.

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Ohmmeter

An ohmmeter is an electrical instrument that measures electrical resistance, the opposition to an electric current.

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Ohms

OHMS may refer to.

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Open energy system models

Open energy system models are energy system models that are open source.

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Outline of electrical engineering

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to electrical engineering.

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Outline of electronics

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to electronics: Electronics – branch of physics, engineering and technology dealing with electrical circuits that involve active semiconductor components and associated passive interconnection technologies.

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Output impedance

The output impedance of an electrical network is the measure of the opposition to current flow (impedance), both static (resistance) and dynamic (reactance), into the load network being connected that is internal to the electrical source.

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Passive integrator circuit

Passive integrator circuit is a simple four-terminal network consisting of two passive elements.

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Passive sign convention

In electrical engineering, the passive sign convention (PSC) is a sign convention or arbitrary standard rule adopted universally by the electrical engineering community for defining the sign of electric power in an electric circuit.

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Patch clamp

The patch clamp technique is a laboratory technique in electrophysiology used to study ionic currents in individual isolated living cells, tissue sections, or patches of cell membrane.

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Penilaian Menengah Rendah

Penilaian Menengah Rendah (commonly abbreviated as PMR; Malay for Lower Secondary Assessment) was a Malaysian public examination taken by all Form Three students in both government and private schools throughout the country from independence in 1957 to 2013.

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Per-unit system

In the power systems analysis field of electrical engineering, a per-unit system is the expression of system quantities as fractions of a defined base unit quantity.

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Permeance

Permeance, in general, is the degree to which a material admits a flow of matter or energy.

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Piezoresistive effect

The piezoresistive effect is a change in the electrical resistivity of a semiconductor or metal when mechanical strain is applied.

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Polarization (electrochemistry)

In electrochemistry, polarization is a collective term for certain mechanical side-effects (of an electrochemical process) by which isolating barriers develop at the interface between electrode and electrolyte.

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Polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis is the electrolysis of water in a cell equipped with a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) that is responsible for the conduction of protons, separation of product gases, and electrical insulation of the electrodes.

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Potentiostat

A potentiostat is the electronic hardware required to control a three electrode cell and run most electroanalytical experiments.

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Propagation of uncertainty

In statistics, propagation of uncertainty (or propagation of error) is the effect of variables' uncertainties (or errors, more specifically random errors) on the uncertainty of a function based on them.

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Quantitative models of the action potential

In neurophysiology, several mathematical models of the action potential have been developed, which fall into two basic types.

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Quantum point contact

A quantum point contact (QPC) is a narrow constriction between two wide electrically conducting regions, of a width comparable to the electronic wavelength (nano- to micrometer).

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Quartz crystal microbalance

A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measures a mass variation per unit area by measuring the change in frequency of a quartz crystal resonator.

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RC circuit

A resistor–capacitor circuit (RC circuit), or RC filter or RC network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and capacitors driven by a voltage or current source.

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Reciprocity (electromagnetism)

In classical electromagnetism, reciprocity refers to a variety of related theorems involving the interchange of time-harmonic electric current densities (sources) and the resulting electromagnetic fields in Maxwell's equations for time-invariant linear media under certain constraints.

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Relaxation oscillator

In electronics a relaxation oscillator is a nonlinear electronic oscillator circuit that produces a nonsinusoidal repetitive output signal, such as a triangle wave or square wave.

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Resistor

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.

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Return ratio

The return ratio of a dependent source in a linear electrical circuit is the negative of the ratio of the current (voltage) returned to the site of the dependent source to the current (voltage) of a replacement independent source.

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Ridley–Watkins–Hilsum theory

In solid state physics the Ridley–Watkins–Hilsum theory (RWH) explains the mechanism by which differential negative resistance is developed in a bulk solid state semiconductor material when a voltage is applied to the terminals of the sample.

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RL circuit

A resistor–inductor circuit (RL circuit), or RL filter or RL network, is an electric circuit composed of resistors and inductors driven by a voltage or current source.

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Saturation velocity

Saturation velocity is the maximum velocity a charge carrier in a semiconductor, generally an electron, attains in the presence of very high electric fields.

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Scientific law

A scientific law is a statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some aspect of the universe.

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Scientific phenomena named after people

This is a list of scientific phenomena and concepts named after people (eponymous phenomena).

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Sense (electronics)

In electronics, sense is a technique used in power supplies to produce the correct voltage for a load.

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Series and parallel circuits

Components of an electrical circuit or electronic circuit can be connected in many different ways.

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Short circuit

A short circuit (sometimes abbreviated to short or s/c) is an electrical circuit that allows a current to travel along an unintended path with no or a very low electrical impedance.

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Shunting inhibition

Shunting inhibition, also known as divisive inhibition, is a form of postsynaptic potential inhibition that can be represented mathematically as reducing the excitatory potential by division, rather than linear subtraction.

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Solar dynamo

The solar dynamo is the physical process that generates the Sun's magnetic field.

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Source transformation

Source transformation is the process of simplifying a circuit solution, especially with mixed sources, by transforming voltage sources into current sources, and vice versa, using Thévenin's theorem and Norton's theorem respectively.

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Space charge

Space charge is a concept in which excess electric charge is treated as a continuum of charge distributed over a region of space (either a volume or an area) rather than distinct point-like charges.

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Spatial dispersion

In the physics of continuous media, spatial dispersion is a phenomenon where material parameters such as permittivity or conductivity have dependence on wavevector.

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Spectral density

The power spectrum S_(f) of a time series x(t) describes the distribution of power into frequency components composing that signal.

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Spin density wave

Spin-density wave (SDW) and charge-density wave (CDW) are names for two similar low-energy ordered states of solids.

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Statistical learning theory

Statistical learning theory is a framework for machine learning drawing from the fields of statistics and functional analysis.

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Statistical mechanics

Statistical mechanics is one of the pillars of modern physics.

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Stepper motor

A stepper motor or step motor or stepping motor is a brushless DC electric motor that divides a full rotation into a number of equal steps.

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Stray voltage

Stray voltage is the occurrence of electrical potential between two objects that ideally should not have any voltage difference between them.

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Street light

A street light, light pole, lamppost, street lamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or path.

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Sucrose gap

The sucrose gap technique is used to create a conduction block in nerve or muscle fibers.

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Superconductivity

Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic flux fields occurring in certain materials, called superconductors, when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature.

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Switched-mode power supply

A switched-mode power supply (switching-mode power supply, switch-mode power supply, switched power supply, SMPS, or switcher) is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently.

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Tafel equation

The Tafel equation is an equation in electrochemical kinetics relating the rate of an electrochemical reaction to the overpotential.

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Telecomix

Telecomix is a decentralized cluster of net activists, committed to the freedom of expression and is a name used by both WeRebuild and Telecomix.

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Teledeltos

Teledeltos paper is an electrically conductive paper.

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Test probe

A test probe is a physical device used to connect electronic test equipment to a device under test (DUT).

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Theory of solar cells

The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable semiconductor device.

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Thermal conduction

Thermal conduction is the transfer of heat (internal energy) by microscopic collisions of particles and movement of electrons within a body.

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Thermal resistance

Thermal resistance is a heat property and a measurement of a temperature difference by which an object or material resists a heat flow.

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Thermistor

A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance is dependent on temperature, more so than in standard resistors.

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Thermoelectric effect

The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa via a thermocouple.

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Thomas Edison

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman, who has been described as America's greatest inventor.

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Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics

Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics lists, within the history of electromagnetism, the associated theories, technology, and events.

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Timeline of scientific discoveries

The timeline below shows the date of publication of possible major scientific theories and discoveries, along with the discoverer.

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Traction motor

A traction motor is an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, such as an electric locomotive or electric roadway vehicle.

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Transformer

A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction.

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Trouton–Rankine experiment

The Trouton–Rankine experiment was an experiment designed to measure if the Lorentz–FitzGerald contraction of an object according to one frame (as defined by the luminiferous aether) produced a measurable effect in the rest frame of the object, so that the ether would act as a "preferred frame".

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University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, FAU) is a public research university in the cities of Erlangen and Nuremberg in Bavaria, Germany.

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Unworthy

Unworthy, can be a pejorative implying that someone is not worthy, is lacking value, merit, righteousness, or decency or is worthless.

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Van der Pauw method

The van der Pauw Method is a technique commonly used to measure the resistivity and the Hall coefficient of a sample.

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Vienna rectifier

The Vienna Rectifier is a pulse-width modulation rectifier, invented in 1993 by Johann W. Kolar.

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Viscosity

The viscosity of a fluid is the measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress.

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Volt

The volt (symbol: V) is the derived unit for electric potential, electric potential difference (voltage), and electromotive force.

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Voltage

Voltage, electric potential difference, electric pressure or electric tension (formally denoted or, but more often simply as V or U, for instance in the context of Ohm's or Kirchhoff's circuit laws) is the difference in electric potential between two points.

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Voltage clamp

The voltage clamp is an experimental method used by electrophysiologists to measure the ion currents through the membranes of excitable cells, such as neurons, while holding the membrane voltage at a set level.

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Voltage divider

In electronics, a voltage divider (also known as a potential divider) is a passive linear circuit that produces an output voltage (Vout) that is a fraction of its input voltage (Vin).

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Voltage droop

Voltage droop is the intentional loss in output voltage from a device as it drives a load.

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Voltage drop

Voltage drop describes how the energy supplied by a voltage source is reduced as electric current moves through the passive elements (elements that do not supply voltage) of an electrical circuit.

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Voltage ladder

A voltage ladder is a simple electronic circuit consisting of several resistors connected in series with a voltage placed across the entire resistor network.

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Water microphone

A water microphone or water transmitter is based on Ohm's law that current in a wire varies inversely with the resistance of the circuit.

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Watt

The watt (symbol: W) is a unit of power.

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Western culture

Western culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization, Occidental culture, the Western world, Western society, European civilization,is a term used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems and specific artifacts and technologies that have some origin or association with Europe.

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Wiedemann–Franz law

In physics, the Wiedemann–Franz law states that the ratio of the electronic contribution of the thermal conductivity (&kappa) to the electrical conductivity (&sigma) of a metal is proportional to the temperature (T).

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1827 in science

The year 1827 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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Redirects here:

E=IR, I=U/R, Ohm Law, Ohm law, Ohm's Law, Ohm's Laws, Ohm's law of electricity, Ohms Law, Ohms law, Ohms' Law, Ohm’s law, R=U/I, U=R*I, U=ri, V = IR, V=IR.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm's_law

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