Pascal (programming language)

Pascal is an imperative and procedural programming language, which Niklaus Wirth designed in 1968–69 and published in 1970, as a small, efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring. It is named in honor of the French mathematician, philosopher and physicist Blaise Pascal. Pascal was developed on the pattern of the ALGOL 60 language. Wirth had already developed several improvements to this language as part of the ALGOL X proposals, but these were not accepted and Pascal was developed separately and released in 1970. A derivative known as Object Pascal designed for object-oriented programming was developed in 1985; this was used by Apple Computer and Borland in the late 1980s and later developed into Delphi on the Microsoft Windows platform. Extensions to the Pascal concepts led to the Pascal-like languages Modula-2 and Oberon. ^[1]

?:

In computer programming, ?: is a ternary operator that is part of the syntax for basic conditional expressions in several programming languages.

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Aamber Pegasus

Aamber Pegasus PCB with MONITOR 1.0, FORTH 1.1A and FORTH 1.1B EPROMs installed. The Aamber Pegasus is a home computer first produced in New Zealand in 1981 by Technosys Research Labs.

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A♯ (Axiom)

A♯ (pronounced: A sharp) is an object-oriented functional programming language distributed as a separable component of Version 2 of the Axiom computer algebra system.

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ABC (programming language)

ABC is an imperative general-purpose programming language and programming environment developed at CWI, Netherlands by Leo Geurts, Lambert Meertens, and Steven Pemberton.

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Abstract graphical data type

An abstract graphical data type (AGDT) is an extension of an abstract data type for computer graphics.

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Abstraction (computer science)

In software engineering and computer science, abstraction is.

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Ada (programming language)

Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, and object-oriented high-level computer programming language, extended from Pascal and other languages.

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Advanced Computer Techniques

Advanced Computer Techniques (ACT) was a computer software company most active from the early 1960s through the early 1990s that made software products, especially language compilers and related tools.

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Affine cipher

The affine cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher, wherein each letter in an alphabet is mapped to its numeric equivalent, encrypted using a simple mathematical function, and converted back to a letter.

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AIM-65

The Rockwell AIM-65 computer was a development computer introduced in 1978 based on the MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor.

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AIML

AIML, or Artificial Intelligence Markup Language, is an XML dialect for creating natural language software agents.

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Aldor

Aldor is a programming language.

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Alfio Fazio

Alfio Fazio (born October 27, 1959 in Genova) is an Italian composer of contemporary music.

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ALGOL

ALGOL (short for "Algorithmic Language") is a family of imperative computer programming languages, originally developed in the mid-1950s, which greatly influenced many other languages and was the standard method for algorithm description used by the ACM in textbooks and academic sources for more than thirty years.

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ALGOL 60

ALGOL 60 (short for Algorithmic Language 1960) is a member of the ALGOL family of computer programming languages.

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ALGOL 68

ALGOL 68 (short for Algorithmic Language 1968) is an imperative computer programming language that was conceived as a successor to the ALGOL 60 programming language, designed with the goal of a much wider scope of application and more rigorously defined syntax and semantics.

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ALGOL W

ALGOL W is a programming language.

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Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs

Algorithms + Data Structures.

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Alpha Microsystems

Alpha Microsystems is a computer company founded in 1977 by John French, Dick Wilcox and Bob Hitchcock.

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Alphard (programming language)

Alphard is a Pascal-like programming language for data abstraction and verification, proposed and designed by William A. Wulf, Ralph L. London, and Mary Shaw.

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Ambiguous grammar

In computer science, an ambiguous grammar is a context-free grammar for which there exists a string that can have more than one leftmost derivation or parse tree, while an unambiguous grammar is a context-free grammar for which every valid string has a unique leftmost derivation or parse tree.

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AmigaOS 4

AmigaOS 4 (abbreviated as OS4 or AOS4) is a line of Amiga operating systems which runs on PowerPC microprocessors.

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AmigaTeX

The computer program AmigaTeX is a port of Knuth's typesetting program TeX, and was originally written in WEB and translated to C by Tomas Rokicki.

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Amoeba (operating system)

Amoeba is a distributed operating system developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum and others at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.

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Amsterdam Compiler Kit

The Amsterdam Compiler Kit (ACK) is a retargetable compiler suite and toolchain written by Andrew Tanenbaum and Ceriel Jacobs, and was MINIX's native toolchain until the MINIX userland was largely replaced by that of NetBSD (MINIX 3.2.0) and clang was adopted as the system compiler.

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Amstrad CPC

The Amstrad CPC (short for Colour Personal Computer) is a series of 8-bit home computers produced by Amstrad between 1984 and 1990.

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Anders Hejlsberg

Anders Hejlsberg (born 2 December 1960) is a prominent Danish software engineer who co-designed several popular and commercially successful programming languages and development tools.

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Andrew Paradise

Andrew Paradise (born April 10, 1982) is an American entrepreneur and the CEO and founder of Skillz, a company that enables cash tournaments in mobile games.

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Android software development

Android software development is the process by which new applications are created for devices running the Android operating system.

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Anonymous function

In computer programming, an anonymous function (function literal, lambda abstraction, or lambda expression) is a function definition that is not bound to an identifier.

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AP Computer Science

In the United States, Advanced Placement Computer Science is a suite of Advanced Placement courses and examinations covering areas of computer science.

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AP Computer Science A

Advanced Placement Computer Science A (also called AP Comp Sci, AP Comp Sci A, or AP Java) is an AP Computer Science course and examination offered by the College Board to high school students as an opportunity to earn college credit for a college-level computer science course.

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Apollo Computer

Apollo Computer Inc., founded 1980 in Chelmsford, Massachusetts by William Poduska (a founder of Prime Computer) and others, developed and produced Apollo/Domain workstations in the 1980s.

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Apostrophe

The apostrophe ( ' or) character is a punctuation mark, and sometimes a diacritical mark, in languages that use the Latin alphabet and some other alphabets.

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Apple II

The Apple II (stylized as Apple.

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Apple Pascal

Apple Pascal is a language and operating system based on the UCSD Pascal system.

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AppleEvent Object Model

The AppleEvent Object Model (AEOM) was a set of protocols built on top of AppleEvents by which applications running under classic Mac OS and macOS could control each other's functions.

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AppleLink

AppleLink was the name of both Apple Computer's online service for its dealers, third party developers, and users, and the client software used to access it.

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Application framework

In computer programming, an application framework consists of a software framework used by software developers to implement the standard structure of application software.

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Array data type

Language support for array types may include certain built-in array data types, some syntactic constructions (array type constructors) that the programmer may use to define such types and declare array variables, and special notation for indexing array elements.

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Array programming

In computer science, array programming languages (also known as vector or multidimensional languages) generalize operations on scalars to apply transparently to vectors, matrices, and higher-dimensional arrays.

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Array slicing

In computer programming, array slicing is an operation that extracts a subset of elements from an array and packages them as another array, possibly in a different dimension from the original.

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Assembly language

An assembly (or assembler) language, often abbreviated asm, is a low-level programming language, in which there is a very strong (but often not one-to-one) correspondence between the assembly program statements and the architecture's machine code instructions.

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Assignment (computer science)

In computer programming, an assignment statement sets and/or re-sets the value stored in the storage location(s) denoted by a variable name; in other words, it copies a value into the variable.

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Asterisk

An asterisk (*); from Late Latin asteriscus, from Ancient Greek ἀστερίσκος, asteriskos, "little star") is a typographical symbol or glyph. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a star. Computer scientists and mathematicians often vocalize it as star (as, for example, in the A* search algorithm or C*-algebra). In English, an asterisk is usually five-pointed in sans-serif typefaces, six-pointed in serif typefaces, and six- or eight-pointed when handwritten. It is often used to censor offensive words, and on the Internet, to indicate a correction to a previous message. The asterisk is derived from the need of the printers of family trees in feudal times for a symbol to indicate date of birth. The original shape was seven-armed, each arm like a teardrop shooting from the center. In computer science, the asterisk is commonly used as a wildcard character, or to denote pointers, repetition, or multiplication.

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At sign

The at sign, @, is normally read aloud as "at"; it is also commonly called the at symbol or commercial at.

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AT&T Unix PC

The 3B1 (also known as the PC7300, or Unix PC) was a Unix workstation computer originally developed by Convergent Technologies (later acquired by Unisys), and marketed by AT&T in the mid- to late-1980s.

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Atari 8-bit computer software

This article covers various significant pieces of software available for the Atari 8-bit home computers (400/800, XL and XE series).

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Atari Pascal

The Atari Pascal Language System (usually shortened to Atari Pascal) is a version of the Pascal programming language released by Atari, Inc. for the Atari 8-bit family of home computers in March 1982.

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Backus–Naur form

In computer science, Backus–Naur form or Backus normal form (BNF) is a notation technique for context-free grammars, often used to describe the syntax of languages used in computing, such as computer programming languages, document formats, instruction sets and communication protocols.

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BASIC

BASIC (an acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages whose design philosophy emphasizes ease of use.

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BASICODE

BASICODE was a computer project intended to create a unified standard for the BASIC programming language.

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BBC Micro expansion unit

A BBC Micro expansion unit, for the BBC Micro is one of a number of peripherals in a box with the same profile and styling as the main computer.

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BBEdit

BBEdit is a proprietary text editor made by Bare Bones Software, originally developed for Macintosh System Software 6, and currently supporting macOS.

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BCPL

BCPL ("Basic Combined Programming Language"; or 'Before C Programming Language' (a common humorous backronym)) is a procedural, imperative, and structured computer programming language.

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Beagle (software)

Beagle is a search system for Linux and other Unix-like systems, enabling the user to search documents, chat logs, email and contact lists.

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Berkeley Software Distribution

Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) was a Unix operating system derivative developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) of the University of California, Berkeley, from 1977 to 1995.

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BESM-6

BESM-6 (БЭСМ-6) was a Soviet electronic computer of the BESM series.

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Bill Joy

William Nelson Joy (born November 8, 1954) is an American computer scientist.

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BITNET Relay

BITNET Relay, also known as the Inter Chat Relay Network, was a chat network setup over BITNET nodes.

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BlackBox Component Builder

BlackBox Component Builder is an integrated development environment (IDE) optimized for component-based software development developed by a small spin-off ETH-Zürich company in Switzerland.

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Blaise Pascal

Blaise Pascal (19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic theologian.

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Block (programming)

In computer programming, a block or code block is a lexical structure of source code which is grouped together.

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BlueBEEP

BlueBEEP was a popular blue boxing computer program for MS-DOS written between 1993-1995 by the German programmer Stefan Andreas Scheytt, known by the pseudonym Onkel Dittmeyer.

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Boolean data type

In computer science, the Boolean data type is a data type that has one of two possible values (usually denoted true and false), intended to represent the two truth values of logic and Boolean algebra.

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Bootstrapping (compilers)

In computer science, bootstrapping is the technique for producing a self-compiling compiler — that is, compiler (or assembler) written in the source programming language that it intends to compile.

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Brian Kernighan

Brian Wilson Kernighan (born January 1, 1942) is a Canadian computer scientist who worked at Bell Labs alongside Unix creators Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie and contributed to the development of Unix.

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Bridging (programming)

In computer science, bridging describes systems that map the runtime behaviour of different programming languages so they can share common resources.

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Bulletin board system

A bulletin board system or BBS (also called Computer Bulletin Board Service, CBBS) is a computer server running software that allows users to connect to the system using a terminal program.

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Burroughs large systems descriptors

Descriptors are an architectural feature of Burroughs large systems, including the current (as of 2006) Unisys Clearpath/MCP systems.

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Business Operating System (software)

The Business Operating System, or BOS, was initially developed as an early cross-platform operating system, originally produced for Intel 8080 and Motorola 6800 computers, then redeveloped for actual businesses and business models.

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Bytecode

Bytecode, also termed portable code or p-code, is a form of instruction set designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter.

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C (programming language)

C (as in the letter ''c'') is a general-purpose, imperative computer programming language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended operations.

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C syntax

The syntax of the C programming language, the rules governing writing of software in the language, is designed to allow for programs that are extremely terse, have a close relationship with the resulting object code, and yet provide relatively high-level data abstraction.

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C/AL

C/AL (Client/server Application Language) is the programming language used within C/SIDE the Client/Server Integrated Development Environment in Microsoft Dynamics NAV (Formerly known as Navision Attain).

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Call Level Interface

The Call Level Interface (CLI) is an application programming interface (API) and software standard to embed Structured Query Language (SQL) code in a host program as defined in a joint standard by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC): ISO/IEC 9075-3:2003.

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Call stack

In computer science, a call stack is a stack data structure that stores information about the active subroutines of a computer program.

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Callback (computer programming)

In computer programming, a callback, also known as a "call-after" function, is any executable code that is passed as an argument to other code, which is expected to call back (execute) the argument at a given time.

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Camel case

Camel case (stylized as camelCase or CamelCase; also known as camel caps or more formally as medial capitals) is the practice of writing compound words or phrases such that each word or abbreviation in the middle of the phrase begins with a capital letter, with no intervening spaces or punctuation.

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Canadian Computing Competition

The Canadian Computing Competition (CCC) is an annual programming competition for secondary school students in Canada, organized by the Centre for Education in Mathematics and Computing at the University of Waterloo.

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Carbon (API)

Carbon is one of Apple Inc.'s C-based application programming interfaces (APIs) for the Macintosh operating system.

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Caret

The caret is an inverted V-shaped grapheme.

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Carl Sassenrath

Carl Sassenrath (born 1957 in California) is an architect of operating systems and computer languages.

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Carlos Osuna

Carlos Osuna (born November 22, 1970) is a Mexican computer programmer, software architect and entrepreneur best known as being one of the founders of Espacios Business Media during its inception days.

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Case sensitivity

In computers, upper case and lower case text may be treated as distinct (case sensitivity) or equivalent (case insensitivity).

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Casio graphic calculators

Graphic calculators made by Casio include the touchscreen ClassPad 300 as well as the models with traditional buttons which can be divided into two main generations listed below.

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CDC 1700

The CDC 1700 was a 16-bit word minicomputer, manufactured by the Control Data Corporation with deliveries beginning in May 1966.

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CDC Cyber

The CDC Cyber range of mainframe-class supercomputers were the primary products of Control Data Corporation (CDC) during the 1970s and 1980s.

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CDC display code

Display code is the six-bit character code used by many computer systems manufactured by Control Data Corporation, notably the CDC3000 series and the following CDC 6000 series in 1964.

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CEEMAC

CEEMAC is a programming language developed in the 1980s for the Apple II family of computers.

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Charm (programming language)

Charm is a computer programming language devised in the early 1990s with similarities to the RTL/2, Pascal and C languages in addition to containing some unique features of its own.

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Chess (Northwestern University)

Chess was a pioneering chess program from the 1970s, written by Larry Atkin and David Slate at Northwestern University.

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Chipmunk Basic

Chipmunk Basic is a freeware version of the BASIC programming language maintained by developer Ron Nicholson.

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Citect

Citect was a software development company specialising in the Automation and Control industry.

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Clascal

Clascal was an object-oriented programming language developed in 1983 by the Personal Office Systems (POS) division (later renamed The Lisa Division, then later The 32-Bit Systems Division) of then Apple Computer, later renamed Apple Inc. It was an extension of Lisa Pascal, which in turn harked back to the UCSD Pascal model originally implemented on the Apple II.

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Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles

The classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles (CPGE) (English: Higher School Preparatory Classes), commonly called classes prépas or prépas, are part of the French post-secondary education system.

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Classification Tree Method

The Classification Tree Method is a method for test design, as it is used in different areas of software development.

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Clipper (programming language)

Clipper is an xBase compiler, which is a computer programming language, that is used to create software programs that originally operated primarily under MS-DOS.

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Closure (computer programming)

In programming languages, a closure (also lexical closure or function closure) is a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in a language with first-class functions.

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COBOL

COBOL (an acronym for "common business-oriented language") is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use.

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Coco/R

Coco/R is a compiler generator that takes an L-attributed Extended Backus–Naur Form (EBNF) grammar of a source language and generates a scanner and a parser for that language.

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CODESYS

CODESYS (an acronym for controller development system, previously stylised CoDeSys) is a development environment for programming controller applications according to the international industrial standard IEC 61131-3.

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CodeWarrior

CodeWarrior is an integrated development environment (IDE) published by NXP Semiconductors for editing, compiling, and debugging software for several microcontrollers and microprocessors (Freescale ColdFire, ColdFire+, Kinetis, Qorivva, PX, Freescale RS08, Freescale S08, and S12Z) and digital signal controllers (DSC MC56F80X and MC5680XX) used in embedded systems.

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CodinGame

CodinGame is a technology company editing an online platform for developers, allowing them to play with programming with increasingly difficult puzzles, to learn to code better with an online programming application supporting twenty-five programming languages, and to compete in multiplayer programming contests involving timed artificial intelligence, or code golf challenges.

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Colon (punctuation)

The colon is a punctuation mark consisting of two equally sized dots centered on the same vertical line.

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ColorCAM

ColorCAM was both a CAD and a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) system for printed circuit boards (PCB).

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COMAL

COMAL (Common Algorithmic Language) is a computer programming language developed in Denmark by Benedict Løfstedt and Børge R. Christensen in 1973.

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Comment (computer programming)

In computer programming, a comment is a programmer-readable explanation or annotation in the source code of a computer program.

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Commodore 64

The Commodore 64, also known as the C64 or the CBM 64, is an 8-bit home computer introduced in January 1982 by Commodore International (first shown at the Consumer Electronics Show, in Las Vegas, January 7–10, 1982).

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Commodore PET

The Commodore PET (Personal Electronic Transactor) is a line of home/personal computers produced starting in 1977 by Commodore International.

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Common Lisp

Common Lisp (CL) is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in ANSI standard document ANSI INCITS 226-1994 (R2004) (formerly X3.226-1994 (R1999)).

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Compact Application Solution Language

Compact Application Solution Language (CASL) is a programming language used to create computer programs for Palm OS, and Microsoft Windows desktops, laptops, and Pocket PCs with Windows Mobile.

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ComPAN 8

ComPAN 8 is an 8-bit polish microcomputer produced in 1980s in MERA-ELZAB factory in Zabrze, Poland.

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Comparison of application virtualization software

Application virtualization software refers to both application virtual machines and software responsible for implementing them.

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Comparison of DNA melting prediction software

This comparison of DNA melting prediction software includes source code and web based software for predicting DNA melting and structure.

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Comparison of documentation generators

The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of documentation generators.

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Comparison of open-source programming language licensing

This is a comparison of open-source programming language licensing and related legal issues, covering all language implementations.

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Comparison of parser generators

This is a list of notable lexer generators and parser generators for various language classes.

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Comparison of Pascal and C

The computer programming languages C and Pascal have similar times of origin, influences, and purposes.

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Comparison of Pascal and Delphi

Devised by Niklaus Wirth in the late 1960s and early 1970s, Pascal is a programming language.

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Comparison of programming languages

Programming languages are used for controlling the behavior of a machine (often a computer).

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Comparison of programming languages (array)

This comparison of programming languages (array) compares the features of array data structures or matrix processing for over 48 various computer programming languages.

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Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions)

Comparison of programming languages is a common topic of discussion among software engineers.

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Comparison of programming languages (string functions)

String functions are used in computer programming languages to manipulate a string or query information about a string (some do both).

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Comparison of programming languages (strings)

This comparison of programming languages (strings) compares the features of string data structures or text-string processing for over 52 various computer programming languages.

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Comparison of programming languages (syntax)

This comparison of programming languages compares the features of language syntax (format) for over 50 computer programming languages.

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Comparison of programming languages by type system

This comparison of programming languages (type system) compares the features of type systems or their type checking for multiple programming languages.

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Comparison of system dynamics software

This is a comparison of various aspects of software offering system dynamics features: Due to concerns over commercial postings on the system dynamics main topic, commercial hyperlinks are specifically NOT active on this list.

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Comparison of web frameworks

This is a comparison of notable web frameworks, software used to build and deploy web applications.

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Compiled language

A compiled language is a programming language whose implementations are typically compilers (translators that generate machine code from source code), and not interpreters (step-by-step executors of source code, where no pre-runtime translation takes place).

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Compiler

A compiler is computer software that transforms computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another programming language (the target language).

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Complement (set theory)

In set theory, the complement of a set refers to elements not in.

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Component Pascal

Component Pascal is a programming language in the tradition of Niklaus Wirth's Pascal, Modula-2, Oberon and Oberon-2.

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Computer

A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming.

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Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice

Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice is a textbook written by John F. Hughes, Andries van Dam, Morgan McGuire, David F. Sklar, James D. Foley, Steven K. Feiner, and Kurt Akeley and published by Addison–Wesley.

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Computer History Museum

The Computer History Museum (CHM) is a museum established in 1996 in Mountain View, California, US.

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Computer Pioneer Award

The Computer Pioneer Award was established in 1981 by the Board of Governors of the IEEE Computer Society to recognize and honor the vision of those people whose efforts resulted in the creation and continued vitality of the computer industry.

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Concurrent Pascal

Concurrent Pascal was designed by Per Brinch Hansen for writing concurrent computing programs such as operating systems and real-time monitoring systems on shared memory computers.

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Conditional (computer programming)

In computer science, conditional statements, conditional expressions and conditional constructs are features of a programming language, which perform different computations or actions depending on whether a programmer-specified boolean condition evaluates to true or false.

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Control flow

In computer science, control flow (or flow of control) is the order in which individual statements, instructions or function calls of an imperative program are executed or evaluated.

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Cool (programming language)

Cool, an acronym for Classroom Object Oriented Language, is a computer programming language designed by Alexander Aiken for use in an undergraduate compiler course project.

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Coral 66

CORAL (Computer On-line Real-time Applications Language) is a programming language originally developed in 1964 at the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE), Malvern, UK, as a subset of JOVIAL.

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Coroutine

Coroutines are computer-program components that generalize subroutines for non-preemptive multitasking, by allowing multiple entry points for suspending and resuming execution at certain locations.

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CP/M

CP/M, originally standing for Control Program/Monitor and later Control Program for Microcomputers, is a mass-market operating system created for Intel 8080/85-based microcomputers by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, Inc.

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Cray Operating System

The Cray Operating System (COS) succeeded Chippewa Operating System (shipped with earlier computer systems CDC 6000 series and CDC 7600) and is Cray Research's now discontinued proprietary operating system for its Cray-1 (1976) and Cray X-MP supercomputers, and those platforms' main OS until replaced by UNICOS in the late 1980s.

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Cross compiler

A cross compiler is a compiler capable of creating executable code for a platform other than the one on which the compiler is running.

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Ctags

Ctags is a programming tool that generates an index (or tag) file of names found in source and header files of various programming languages.

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CWEB

CWEB is a computer programming system created by Donald Knuth and Silvio Levy as a follow-up to Knuth's WEB literate programming system, using the C programming language (and to a lesser extent the C++ and Java programming languages) instead of Pascal.

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Cybil (programming language)

Cybil (short for the Cyber Implementation Language of the Control Data Network Operating System) was a Pascal-like language developed at Control Data Corporation.

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Data acquisition

Data acquisition is the process of sampling signals that measure real world physical conditions and converting the resulting samples into digital numeric values that can be manipulated by a computer.

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Data structure

In computer science, a data structure is a data organization and storage format that enables efficient access and modification.

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Data structure alignment

Data structure alignment refers to the way data is arranged and accessed in computer memory.

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Data type

In computer science and computer programming, a data type or simply type is a classification of data which tells the compiler or interpreter how the programmer intends to use the data.

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Dataphor

Dataphor is an open-source truly-relational database management system (RDBMS) and its accompanying user interface technologies, which together are designed to provide highly declarative software application development.

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Datapoint's Advanced Systems Language

DASL (Datapoint's Advanced Systems Language) was a programming language and compiler proprietary to Datapoint.

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David W. Barron

David William Barron FBCS (9 January 1935 – 2 January 2012) was a British academic in Physics and Computer Science who was described in the Times Higher Education magazine as one of the "founding fathers" of computer science.

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Dbx (debugger)

DBX is a source-level debugger found primarily on Solaris, AIX, IRIX, Tru64 UNIX, Linux and BSD operating systems.

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Declaration (computer programming)

In computer programming, a declaration is a language construct that specifies properties of an identifier: it declares what a word (identifier) "means".

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Delfi

Delfi is a Winboard/UCI chess engine written in Pascal designed by Italian chess programmer Fabio Cavicchio.

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Delphi (IDE)

Delphi is an integrated development environment (IDE) for rapid application development of desktop, mobile, web, and console software, developed by Embarcadero Technologies.

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Dev-Pascal

Dev-Pascal is a free integrated development environment (IDE) distributed under the GNU General Public License for programming in Pascal and Object Pascal.

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Dhrystone

Dhrystone is a synthetic computing benchmark program developed in 1984 by Reinhold P. Weicker intended to be representative of system (integer) programming.

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Digistar II

Digistar II is a planetarium projection system by Evans & Sutherland - Digistar Users Group.

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Digital Research

Digital Research, Inc. (also known as DR or DRI) was a company created by Gary Kildall to market and develop his CP/M operating system and related 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit systems like MP/M, Concurrent DOS, Multiuser DOS, DOS Plus, DR DOS and GEM.

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Digraphs and trigraphs

In computer programming, digraphs and trigraphs are sequences of two and three characters, respectively, that appear in source code and, according to a programming language's specification, should be treated as if they were single characters.

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DJGPP

DJ's GNU Programming Platform (DJGPP) is a software development suite for Intel 80386-level and above, IBM PC compatibles which supports DOS operating systems.

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DND (video game)

DND is one of the earliest role-playing video games.

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Do while loop

In most computer programming languages, a do while loop is a control flow statement that executes a block of code at least once, and then repeatedly executes the block, or not, depending on a given boolean condition at the end of the block.

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Dollar sign

The dollar sign ($ or) is a symbol primarily used to indicate the various units of currency around the world.

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Domain/OS

Domain/OS is the discontinued operating system used by the Apollo/Domain line of workstations manufactured by Apollo Computer Inc.

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Don Priestley

Don Priestley (born 1940) is a video game programmer who wrote for the ZX81 and ZX Spectrum between 1982 and 1989.

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Donald B. Gillies

Donald Bruce Gillies (October 15, 1928 – July 17, 1975) was a Canadian mathematician and computer scientist, known for his work in game theory, computer design, and minicomputer programming environments.

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Doodle Kids

Doodle Kids is an application for iPhone, iPad, and Android devices.

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Douglas T. Ross

Douglas Taylor "Doug" Ross (21 December 1929 – 31 January 2007) was an American computer scientist pioneer, and Chairman of SofTech, Inc. He is most famous for originating the term CAD for computer-aided design, and is considered to be the father of Automatically Programmed Tools (APT) a language to drive numerically controlled manufacturing.

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Draco (programming language)

Draco was a shareware programming language created by Chris Gray.

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Dream Flight

Dream Flight (Vol De Rêve) is a 3-D computer-animated fiction film completely produced by computer.

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DSPlayer

DSPlayer® is a digital media player application for Microsoft Windows developed by a Mannheim-based international team of developers directed by the founder Dipl.-Inf.

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DSSP (hydrogen bond estimation algorithm)

The DSSP algorithm is the standard method for assigning secondary structure to the amino acids of a protein, given the atomic-resolution coordinates of the protein.

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Dungeon Master (video game)

Dungeon Master is a realtime role-playing video game featuring a pseudo-3D first-person perspective.

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DX10

DX10 was a general purpose, multitasking operating system designed to operate with the Texas Instruments 990/10, 990/10A and 990/12 minicomputers using the memory mapping feature.

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Dymola

Dymola is a commercial modeling and simulation environment based on the open Modelica modeling language.

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E (programming language)

E is an object-oriented programming language for secure distributed computing, created by Mark S. Miller, Dan Bornstein, and others at Electric Communities in 1997.

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EasyLanguage

EasyLanguage is a proprietary programming language that was developed by TradeStation and built into its electronic trading platform.

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ECL (data-centric programming language)

ECL is a declarative, data centric programming language designed in 2000 to allow a team of programmers to process big data across a high performance computing cluster without the programmer being involved in many of the lower level, imperative decisions.

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Editor war

Editor war is the common name for the rivalry between users of the Emacs and vi (usually Vim) text editors.

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Edsger W. Dijkstra

Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930 – 6 August 2002) was a Dutch systems scientist, programmer, software engineer, science essayist, and early pioneer in computing science.

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Education in France

The French educational system is highly centralized and organized, with many subdivisions.

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Education in Vietnam

Education in Vietnam is a state-run system of public and private education run by the Ministry of Education and Training.

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Egon Zakrajšek

Egon Zakrajšek (July 7, 1941 – September 2002) was a Slovene mathematician and computer scientist.

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Eiffel (programming language)

Eiffel is an object-oriented programming language designed by Bertrand Meyer (an object-orientation proponent and author of Object-Oriented Software Construction) and Eiffel Software.

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Eight queens puzzle

The eight queens puzzle is the problem of placing eight chess queens on an 8×8 chessboard so that no two queens threaten each other.

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Elliot Koffman

Elliot Bruce Koffman (born 7 May 1942 in Boston, Massachusetts) is a noted computer scientist and educationist.

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Ellipsis (computer programming)

In computer programming, ellipsis notation (.. or...) is used to denote ranges, an unspecified number of arguments, or a parent directory.

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Elxsi

Elxsi (now Tata Elxsi) was a minicomputer manufacturing company established in the late 1970s along with a host of other competitors (Trilogy Systems, Sequent, Convex Computer) in Silicon Valley, USA.

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Embarcadero Technologies

Embarcadero Technologies is an American computer software company that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports products and services related to software through several product divisions.

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Embedded SQL

Embedded SQL is a method of combining the computing power of a programming language and the database manipulation capabilities of SQL.

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Emerald (programming language)

Emerald is a distributed, object-oriented programming language developed in the 1980s by Andrew P. Black, Norman C. Hutchinson, Eric B. Jul, and Henry M. Levy, in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Washington.

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Empire (1972 video game)

Empire is a 4X wargame created in 1972 by Peter Langston, taking its name from a Reed College board game of the same name.

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Empty string

In formal language theory, the empty string, or empty word is the unique string of length zero.

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English in computing

The English language is sometimes described as the lingua franca of computing.

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ENQUIRE

ENQUIRE was a software project written in 1980 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, which was the predecessor to the World Wide Web.

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Entry point

In computer programming, an entry point is where control is transferred from the operating system to a computer program, at which place the processor enters a program or a code fragment and execution begins.

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Enumerated type

In computer programming, an enumerated type (also called enumeration, enum, or factor in the R programming language, and a categorical variable in statistics) is a data type consisting of a set of named values called elements, members, enumeral, or enumerators of the type.

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EOS (operating system)

EOS is a discontinued operating system developed by ETA Systems (a spin-off division of Control Data Corporation) for use in their ETA10 line of supercomputers in the 1980s.

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Epidata

EpiData is a group of applications used in combination for creating documented data structures and analysis of quantitative data.

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Equals sign

The equals sign or equality sign is a mathematical symbol used to indicate equality.

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Escape sequences in C

Escape sequences are used in the programming languages C and C++, and also in many more languages (with some variations) like Java and C#.

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Euclid (programming language)

Euclid is an imperative programming language for writing verifiable programs.

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Exit (system call)

On many computer operating systems, a computer process terminates its execution by making an exit system call.

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EXPRESS (data modeling language)

EXPRESS is a standard data modeling language for product data.

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Expression-oriented programming language

An expression-oriented programming language is a programming language where every (or nearly every) construction is an expression and thus yields a value.

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Extended Backus–Naur form

In computer science, extended Backus-Naur form (EBNF) is a family of metasyntax notations, any of which can be used to express a context-free grammar.

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Extensible Embeddable Language

The Extensible Embeddable Language (EEL) is a scripting and programming language in development by David Olofson.

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External ray

An external ray is a curve that runs from infinity toward a Julia or Mandelbrot set.

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External variable

In the C programming language, an external variable is a variable defined outside any function block.

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FastTracker 2

FastTracker 2 is a music tracker created by Fredrik "Mr.

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Fdformat

Fdformat is the name of two unrelated programs.

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February 15

No description.

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Fermat (computer algebra system)

Fermat (named after Pierre de Fermat) is a freeware program developed by Prof.

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File format

A file format is a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file.

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First-class function

In computer science, a programming language is said to have first-class functions if it treats functions as first-class citizens.

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Flagship compiler

FlagShip is both an object oriented and procedural programming language, based on the xBase language dialect and conventions.

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FLEX (operating system)

The FLEX single-tasking operating system was developed by Technical Systems Consultants (TSC) of West Lafayette, Indiana, for the Motorola 6800 in 1976.

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For loop

In computer science, a for-loop (or simply for loop) is a control flow statement for specifying iteration, which allows code to be executed repeatedly.

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Foreach loop

For each (or foreach) is a control flow statement for traversing items in a collection.

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Forward declaration

In computer programming, a forward declaration is a declaration of an identifier (denoting an entity such as a type, a variable, a constant, or a function) for which the programmer has not yet given a complete definition.

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Fragile binary interface problem

The fragile binary interface problem or FBI is a shortcoming of certain object-oriented programming language compilers, in which internal changes to an underlying class library can cause descendant libraries or programs to cease working.

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Free Pascal

Free Pascal Compiler (FPC) is a compiler for the closely related programming language dialects, Pascal and Object Pascal.

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Free-form language

In computer programming, a free-form language is a programming language in which the positioning of characters on the page in program text is insignificant.

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FreeFem++

FreeFem++ is a programming language and a software focused on solving partial differential equations using the finite element method.

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FreeType

FreeType is a popular software development library used to render text onto bitmaps, and provides support for other font-related operations.

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Full stop

The full point or full stop (British and broader Commonwealth English) or period (North American English) is a punctuation mark.

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Funarg problem

In computer science, the funarg problem refers to the difficulty in implementing first-class functions (functions as first-class objects) in programming language implementations so as to use stack-based memory allocation of the functions.

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Function pointer

A function pointer, also called a subroutine pointer or procedure pointer, is a pointer that points to a function.

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Function prologue

In assembly language programming, the function prologue is a few lines of code at the beginning of a function, which prepare the stack and registers for use within the function.

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Functional programming

In computer science, functional programming is a programming paradigm—a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs—that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data.

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FutureBASIC

FutureBasic is a free BASIC compiler for Apple Inc.'s Macintosh.

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Game programming

Game programming, a subset of game development, is the software development of video games.

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GD Graphics Library

The GD Graphics Library is a graphics software library by Thomas Boutell and others for dynamically manipulating images.

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Geany

Geany (IPA:ʒeːniː) is a lightweight GUI text editor using Scintilla and GTK+, including basic IDE features.

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Genera (operating system)

Genera is a commercial operating system and development environment for Lisp machines developed by Symbolics.

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General Polygon Clipper

The General Polygon Clipper (GPC) is a software library providing for computing the results of clipping operations on sets of polygons.

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General-purpose programming language

In computer software, a general-purpose programming language is a programming language designed to be used for writing software in the widest variety of application domains (a general-purpose language).

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Generational list of programming languages

This is a "genealogy" of programming languages.

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George Boole

George Boole (2 November 1815 – 8 December 1864) was a largely self-taught English mathematician, philosopher and logician, most of whose short career was spent as the first professor of mathematics at Queen's College, Cork in Ireland.

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GNAT Programming Studio

GNAT Programming Studio (GPS, formerly known as the GNAT Programming System) is a free multi-language integrated development environment (IDE) by AdaCore.

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GNAVI

GNAVI is an open source visual software development environment that is composed of three major portions: GWindows GUI framework, GNATCOM ActiveX/COM framework, and GWenerator code generator.

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GNU Compiler Collection

The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) is a compiler system produced by the GNU Project supporting various programming languages.

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GNU Pascal

GNU Pascal (GPC) is a Pascal compiler composed of a frontend to GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), similar to the way Fortran and other languages were added to GCC.

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Go (programming language)

Go (often referred to as Golang) is a programming language created at Google in 2009 by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson.

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GOFF

The GOFF (Generalized Object File Format) specification was developed for the IBM zSystem Mainframe computer to supersede the IBM OS/360 Object File Format to compensate for weaknesses in the older format.

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GOLD (parser)

GOLD is a free parsing system that is designed to support multiple programming languages.

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Gold Box

Gold Box is a series of role-playing video games produced by SSI from 1988 to 1992.

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Gosu (programming language)

Gosu is a statically-typed programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine released under the Apache 2 license.

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Goto

GoTo (goto, GOTO, GO TO or other case combinations, depending on the programming language) is a statement found in many computer programming languages.

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Graphing calculator

A graphing calculator (also graphics / graphic display calculator) is a handheld computer that is capable of plotting graphs, solving simultaneous equations, and performing other tasks with variables.

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GTD-5 EAX

The GTD-5 EAX (General Telephone Digital Number 5 Electronic Automatic Exchange) is the Class 5 telephone switch developed by GTE Automatic Electric Laboratories.

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HeaderDoc

HeaderDoc is a documentation generator developed and maintained by Apple Inc. Using specially commented source code files as input, HeaderDoc generates documentation for the code in HTML or XML format.

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HelpNDoc

HelpNDoc is a Windows-based help authoring tool published by French company.

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Heterogeneous Element Processor

The Heterogeneous Element Processor (HEP) was introduced by Denelcor, Inc. in 1982 as the world's first commercial MIMD computer.

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Hexadecimal

In mathematics and computing, hexadecimal (also base, or hex) is a positional numeral system with a radix, or base, of 16.

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High Level Assembly

High Level Assembly (HLA) is a high-level assembly language developed by Randall Hyde.

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High-level language computer architecture

A high-level language computer architecture (HLLCA) is a computer architecture designed to be targeted by a specific high-level language, rather than the architecture being dictated by hardware considerations.

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High-level programming language

In computer science, a high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer.

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Hindley–Milner type system

In type theory and functional programming, Hindley–Milner (HM), also known as Damas–Milner or Damas–Hindley–Milner, is a classical type system for the lambda calculus with parametric polymorphism, first described by J. Roger Hindley and later rediscovered by Robin Milner.

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History of computer animation

The history of computer animation began as early as the 1940s and 1950s, when people began to experiment with computer graphics - most notably by John Whitney.

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History of free and open-source software

In the 1950s and 1960s, computer operating software and compilers were delivered as a part of hardware purchases without separate fees.

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History of personal computers

The history of the personal computer as a mass-market consumer electronic device began with the microcomputer revolution of the 1980s.

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History of programming languages

The first high-level programming language was Plankalkül, created by Konrad Zuse between 1942 and 1945.

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History of Programming Languages

History of Programming Languages (HOPL) is an infrequent ACM SIGPLAN conference.

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History of the Berkeley Software Distribution

The History of the Berkeley Software Distribution begins in the 1970s.

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Honeywell CP-6

CP-6 is a discontinued computer operating system developed by Honeywell, Inc. in 1976.

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Hong Kong Olympiad in Informatics

Hong Kong Olympiad in Informatics (HKOI; 香港電腦奧林匹克競賽) is an annual programming competition for secondary school students in Hong Kong, emphasizing on problem solving techniques and programming skills.

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HOSxP

HOSxP is a hospital information system, including Electronic health record (EHR), in use in over 70 hospitals across Thailand.

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How to Solve it by Computer

How to Solve it by Computer is a computer science book by R. G. Dromey, first published by Prentice-Hall in 1982.

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HP 3000

The HP 3000 series is a family of minicomputers released by Hewlett-Packard in 1972.

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HP 39/40 series

HP 39/40 series are graphing calculators from Hewlett-Packard, the successors of HP 38G.

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HP Pascal

HP Pascal (formerly Compaq Pascal and DEC Pascal) is a Pascal and Extended Pascal compiler that runs on OpenVMS for VAX systems, OpenVMS for AlphaServer systems, and OpenVMS for Integrity servers.

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HP Prime

The HP Prime is a graphing calculator introduced by Hewlett-Packard in 2013 and currently manufactured by HP Inc. It was designed with features resembling those of smartphones, such as a full-color touchscreen display and the ability to expand functionality by means of downloadable applications.

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HTML-Kit

HTML-Kit is a proprietary HTML editor for Microsoft Windows made by.

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Hungarian notation

Hungarian notation is an identifier naming convention in computer programming, in which the name of a variable or function indicates its intention or kind, and in some dialects its type.

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HxD

HxD is a hex editor, disk editor, and memory editor developed by Maël Hörz for Windows.

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HyperTalk

HyperTalk was a high-level, procedural programming language created in 1987 by Dan Winkler and used in conjunction with Apple Computer's HyperCard hypermedia program by Bill Atkinson.

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IBM RPG

RPG is a high-level programming language (HLL) for business applications.

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IBM Series/1

The IBM Series/1 is a 16-bit minicomputer, introduced in 1976, that in many respects competed with other minicomputers of the time, such as the PDP-11 from Digital Equipment Corporation and similar offerings from Data General and HP.

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IBM System i

The IBM System i is IBM's previous generation of midrange computer systems for IBM i users, and was subsequently replaced by the IBM Power Systems in April 2008.

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ICL DRS

The ICL DRS was a range of departmental computers from International Computers Limited (ICL).

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ICL VME

VME (Virtual Machine Environment) is a mainframe operating system developed by the UK company International Computers Limited (ICL, now part of the Fujitsu group).

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Icon (programming language)

Icon is a very high-level programming language featuring goal-directed execution and many facilities for managing strings and textual patterns.

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ICT 1900 series

ICT 1900 was the name given to a series of mainframe computers released by International Computers and Tabulators (ICT) and later International Computers Limited (ICL) during the 1960s and '70s.

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Iftran

IFTRAN (née Iftran) was created in 1972 by E. F. Miller at General Research Corporation, Santa Barbara, California as a mechanism to support structured programming concepts in a FORTRAN-based environment.

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Imperative programming

In computer science, imperative programming is a programming paradigm that uses statements that change a program's state.

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Increment and decrement operators

Increment and decrement operators are unary operators that add or subtract one from their operand, respectively.

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Indentation style

In computer programming, an indentation style is a convention governing the indentation of blocks of code to convey program structure.

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Index of computing articles

Originally, the word computing was synonymous with counting and calculating, and the science and technology of mathematical calculations.

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Index of software engineering articles

This is an alphabetical list of articles pertaining specifically to software engineering.

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Info-ZIP

Info-ZIP is a set of open-source software to handle ZIP archives.

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Informatics General

Informatics General Corporation, earlier Informatics, Inc., was an American computer software company in existence from 1962 through 1985 and based in Los Angeles, California.

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Information Communications Technology education in the Philippines

In grade school, Information Communications Technology is usually taught in the subject Home Economics and Livelihood Education.

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Inno Setup

Inno Setup is a free software script-driven installation system created in Delphi by Jordan Russell.

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Input (magazine)

Input was a partwork published by Marshall Cavendish in the United Kingdom during 1984 and 1985, covering the subject of home computer programming.

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Integer (computer science)

In computer science, an integer is a datum of integral data type, a data type that represents some range of mathematical integers.

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Integrated software

Integrated software is a software for personal computers that combines the most commonly used functions of many productivity software programs into one application.

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Intel 8085

The Intel 8085 ("eighty-eighty-five") is an 8-bit microprocessor produced by Intel and introduced in 1976.

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Intel 8086

The 8086 (also called iAPX 86) is a 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel between early 1976 and mid-1978, when it was released.

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Intel MCS-51

The Intel MCS-51 (commonly termed 8051) is an internally Harvard architecture, complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set, single chip microcontroller (µC) series developed by Intel in 1980 for use in embedded systems.

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International Computers Limited

International Computers Limited (ICL) was a large British computer hardware, computer software and computer services company that operated from 1968 until 2002.

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International Olympiad in Informatics

The International Olympiad in Informatics (IOI) is an annual competitive programming competition for secondary school students.

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Interpreted language

An interpreted language is a type of programming language for which most of its implementations execute instructions directly and freely, without previously compiling a program into machine-language instructions.

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Interpreter (computing)

In computer science, an interpreter is a computer program that directly executes, i.e. performs, instructions written in a programming or scripting language, without requiring them previously to have been compiled into a machine language program.

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Interval (mathematics)

In mathematics, a (real) interval is a set of real numbers with the property that any number that lies between two numbers in the set is also included in the set.

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Interval arithmetic

Interval arithmetic, interval mathematics, interval analysis, or interval computation, is a method developed by mathematicians since the 1950s and 1960s, as an approach to putting bounds on rounding errors and measurement errors in mathematical computation and thus developing numerical methods that yield reliable results.

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IP Pascal

IP Pascal is an implementation of the Pascal programming language using the IP portability platform, a multiple machine, operating system and language implementation system.

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Ircle

Ircle (formerly rendered as "IRCle") was an IRC client developed by Onno Tijdgat for the Macintosh computer platform.

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ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22 Programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces is a standardization subcommittee of the Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) that develops and facilitates standards within the fields of programming languages, their environments and system software interfaces.

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Ivan Bratko (computer scientist)

Ivan Bratko (born June 10, 1946 in Ljubljana) is a Slovene computer scientist.

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JADE (programming language)

JADE is a proprietary object-oriented software development and deployment platform product from the New Zealand-based Jade Software Corporation, first released in 1996.

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JAL (compiler)

JAL (Just Another Language) is a Pascal-like programming language and compiler that generates executable code for PIC microcontrollers.

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JAM Message Base Format

The JAM Message Base Format was one of the most popular file formats of message bases on DOS-based BBSes in the 1990s.

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Java applet

A Java applet was a small application that is written in the Java programming language, or another programming language that compiles to Java bytecode, and delivered to users in the form of Java bytecode.

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Java compiler

A Java compiler is a compiler for the programming language Java.

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JavaScript

JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a high-level, interpreted programming language.

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JavaScript syntax

The syntax of JavaScript is the set of rules that define a correctly structured JavaScript program.

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Jean Ichbiah

Jean David Ichbiah (25 March 1940 – 26 January 2007) was a French computer scientist and the initial chief designer (1977–1983) of Ada, a general-purpose, strongly typed programming language with certified validated compilers.

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Jef Raskin

Jef Raskin (March 9, 1943 – February 26, 2005) was an American human–computer interface expert best known for conceiving and starting the Macintosh project at Apple in the late 1970s.

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Joel McCormack

Joel McCormack is the designer of the NCR Corporation version of the p-code machine, which is a kind of stack machine popular in the 1970s as the preferred way to implement new computing architectures and languages such as Pascal and BCPL.

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John F. Sowa

John Florian Sowa (born 1940) is an American computer scientist, an expert in artificial intelligence and computer design, and the inventor of conceptual graphs.

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Joyce (programming language)

Joyce is a secure, concurrent programming language designed by Per Brinch Hansen in the 1980s.

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JRT (programming language)

JRT (Jim Russell Tyson) is an implementation of the Pascal programming language.

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Julyo

Giulio "Julyo" D'Agostino (born in Genoa, Italy on December 14, 1978) is an Award Winner technologist, intrapreneur, music producer, VJ and DJ of Italian origin who has several International Awards for his film scoring work and work as intrapreneur for Google LLC, Apple Inc and Salesforce.com.

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Jupiter Ace

The Jupiter Ace was a British home computer of the early 1980s.

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Kalahasti P. Prasad

Kalahasti Parvatheeswara Prasad (15 June 1944 – 5 April 2010) was a researcher and educator in Electrical Engineering in the Andhra Pradesh province of India.

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Karel (programming language)

Karel is an educational programming language for beginners, created by Richard E. Pattis in his book Karel The Robot: A Gentle Introduction to the Art of Programming.

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Karlsruhe Accurate Arithmetic

Karlsruhe Accurate Arithmetic (KAA) or Karlsruhe Accurate Arithmetic Approach (KAAA), augments conventional floating-point arithmetics with good error behaviour with new operations to calculate scalar products with a single rounding error.

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KC 85

The KC 85 ('KC' meaning "Kleincomputer", or "small computer") were models of microcomputers built in East Germany, first in 1984 by VEB Robotron (the KC 85/1) and later by VEB Mikroelektronik "Wilhelm Pieck" Mühlhausen (KC 85/2, KC 85/3 and KC 85/4).

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KDevelop

KDevelop is a free and open-source integrated development environment (IDE) for Unix-like computer operating systems and Microsoft Windows.

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Kenneth Bowles

Dr.

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Keyboard monument

Keyboard Monument is an outdoor sculpture featuring the QWERTY keyboard.

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KMS (hypertext)

KMS, an abbreviation of Knowledge Management System, was a commercial second generation hypermedia system, originally created as a successor for the early hypermedia system ZOG.

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KolibriOS

Kolibri or KolibriOS is a small open source x86 operating system written completely in assembly.

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Kolmogorov complexity

In algorithmic information theory (a subfield of computer science and mathematics), the Kolmogorov complexity of an object, such as a piece of text, is the length of the shortest computer program (in a predetermined programming language) that produces the object as output.

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Kotlin (programming language)

Kotlin is a statically typed programming language that runs on the Java virtual machine and also can be compiled to JavaScript source code or use the LLVM compiler infrastructure.

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KUKA Robot Language

The KUKA Robot Language, also known as KRL, is a proprietary programming language similar to Pascal and used to control KUKA robots.

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Label (computer science)

A label in a programming language is a sequence of characters that identifies a location within source code.

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Lambda calculus

Lambda calculus (also written as λ-calculus) is a formal system in mathematical logic for expressing computation based on function abstraction and application using variable binding and substitution.

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Lambda lifting

Lambda lifting is a meta-process that restructures a computer program so that functions are defined independently of each other in a global scope.

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Language-Sensitive Editor

Language-Sensitive Editor (LSE) is a full-screen visual editor for the VAX/VMS and OpenVMS Operating systems.

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Larry Tesler

Lawrence Gordon Tesler (born April 24, 1945) is a computer scientist who works in the field of human–computer interaction.

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Legend of the Red Dragon

Legend of the Red Dragon (LORD) is a text-based online role-playing video game, released in 1989 by Robinson Technologies.

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Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm

The Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm (LZMA) is an algorithm used to perform lossless data compression.

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Leonard H. Tower Jr.

Leonard "Len" H. Tower Jr. (born June 17, 1949) is a free software activist and one of the founding board members of the Free Software Foundation, where he contributed to the initial releases of gcc and GNU diff.

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Let expression

In computer science, a "let" expression associates a function definition with a restricted scope.

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Letter case

Letter case (or just case) is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case (also uppercase, capital letters, capitals, caps, large letters, or more formally majuscule) and smaller lower case (also lowercase, small letters, or more formally minuscule) in the written representation of certain languages.

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Liblzg

liblzg is a compression library for performing lossless data compression.

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Libxml2

libxml2 is a software library for parsing XML documents.

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Liero

Liero is a video game for MS-DOS, first released by Finnish programmer Joosa Riekkinen in 1998.

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Limbo (programming language)

Limbo is a programming language for writing distributed systems and is the language used to write applications for the Inferno operating system.

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Linux gaming

Linux gaming refers to playing and developing video games for the Linux operating system, involving a Linux kernel–based operating system, often used for all computing tasks like surfing the web, office applications, desktop publishing, but also for gaming.

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List of ARM Cortex-M development tools

This is a list of development tools for 32-bit ARM Cortex-M-based microcontrollers, which consists of Cortex-M0, Cortex-M0+, Cortex-M1, Cortex-M3, Cortex-M4, Cortex-M7, Cortex-M23, Cortex-M33 cores.

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List of commercial software with available source code

This is a list of notable software which were originally developed as commercial (and/or proprietary) software product with the source now available (in contrast to software which is developed from the beginning as free and open source software).

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List of commercial video games with available source code

The source code of these commercially developed and distributed video games is available to the public or the games' communities.

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List of computer scientists

This is a list of computer scientists, people who do work in computer science, in particular researchers and authors.

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List of DIN standards

This is an incomplete list of DIN standards.

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List of Dutch inventions and discoveries

The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.

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List of educational programming languages

An educational programming language is a programming language that is designed mostly as an instrument for learning, and less as a tool for writing programs to perform work.

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List of eponyms (L–Z)

An eponym is a person (real or fictitious) whose name has become identified with a particular object or activity.

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List of file formats

This is a list of file formats used by computers, organized by type.

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List of filename extensions (M–R)

This alphabetical list of filename extensions contains standard extensions associated with computer files.

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List of game engines

Game engines are tools available for game designers to code and plan out a game quickly and easily without building one from the ground up.

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List of GNU packages

This list of GNU packages lists notable software packages developed for or maintained by the Free Software Foundation as part of the GNU Project.

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List of IBM products

The following is a partial list of products, services, and subsidiaries of International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation and its predecessor corporations, beginning in the 1890s.

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List of International Organization for Standardization standards

This is a list of publishedThis list generally excludes draft versions.

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List of inventors

This is a list of notable inventors.

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List of JVM languages

This list of JVM Languages comprises notable computer programming languages that are used to produce computer software that runs on the Java virtual machine (JVM).

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List of language bindings for GTK+

As shown in the table below, GTK+ has a range of bindings for various languages that implement some or all of its feature set.

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List of language bindings for Qt 4

As shown in the table below, Qt has a range of bindings for various languages that implement some or all of its feature set.

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List of language bindings for Qt 5

— Columns detailing the features covered by the binding are missing.

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List of Macintosh software

The following is a list of Macintosh software—notable computer applications for current macOS systems.

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List of open-source software for mathematics

This is a list of open-source software to be used for high-order mathematical calculations.

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List of operating systems

This is a list of operating systems.

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List of pioneers in computer science

This article presents a list of individuals who made transformative breakthroughs in the creation, development and imagining of what computers and electronics could do.

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List of programmers

This is a list of programmers notable for their contributions to software, either as original author or architect, or for later additions.

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List of programming language researchers

The following is list of researchers of programming language theory, design, implementation, and related areas.

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List of programming languages

The aim of this list of programming languages is to include all notable programming languages in existence, both those in current use and historical ones, in alphabetical order, except for dialects of BASIC, esoteric programming languages, and markup languages.

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List of programming languages by type

This is a list of notable programming languages, grouped by type.

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List of programming languages for artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence researchers have developed several specialized programming languages for artificial intelligence.

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List of Stanford University people

This page lists the members of Stanford University, including students, alumni, faculty and academic affiliates associated.

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List of Swiss inventions and discoveries

The following list is composed of items, techniques and processes that were invented by or discovered by people from Switzerland.

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List of Swiss inventors and discoverers

This is a list of Swiss inventors and discoverers.

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List of Swiss people

This is a list of people associated with the modern Switzerland and the Old Swiss Confederacy.

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List of University of California, Berkeley alumni

This page lists notable alumni and students of the University of California, Berkeley.

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List of widget toolkits

This article provides a list of widget toolkits (also known as GUI frameworks), used to construct the graphical user interface (GUI) of programs, organized by their relationships with various operating systems.

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Literate programming

Literate programming is a programming paradigm introduced by Donald Knuth in which a program is given as an explanation of the program logic in a natural language, such as English, interspersed with snippets of macros and traditional source code, from which a compilable source code can be generated.

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Liverpool Software Gazette

Liverpool Software Gazette was a short-lived computer magazine published by Microdigital, a company who were based in Liverpool, England and run by Bruce Everiss.

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Lode Runner

Lode Runner is a platform video game first published by Brøderbund in 1983.

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M2001

M2001 is a modular educational mathematical programming language for developing and presenting mathematical algorithms, from the modern discrete to the classical continuous mathematics.

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Macintosh

The Macintosh (pronounced as; branded as Mac since 1998) is a family of personal computers designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Inc. since January 1984.

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Macintosh 512K

The Macintosh 512K is a personal computer that was designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer, inc. from September 1984 to April 1986.

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Macintosh Programmer's Workshop

Macintosh Programmer's Workshop or MPW, is a software development environment for the Classic Mac OS operating system, written by Apple Computer.

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MacPaint

MacPaint is a raster graphics editor developed by Apple Computer and released with the original Macintosh personal computer on January 24, 1984.

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MacPublisher

MacPublisher was the first Desktop Publishing program for the Apple Macintosh, introduced in 1984, the same year that Apple introduced the Macintosh.

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MALPAS Software Static Analysis Toolset

MALPAS is a software toolset that provides a means of investigating and proving the correctness of software by applying a rigorous form of static program analysis.

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Man or boy test

The man or boy test was proposed by computer scientist Donald Knuth as a means of evaluating implementations of the ALGOL 60 programming language.

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Maple (software)

Maple is a symbolic and numeric computing environment, and is also a multi-paradigm programming language.

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Martin Odersky

Martin Odersky (born 5 September 1958) is a German computer scientist and professor of programming methods at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland.

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Maximus (BBS)

Maximus is a bulletin board system, originally developed by Scott J. Dudley through his company, Lanius Corporation.

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McBBS

McBBS was a Bulletin Board System developed by Derek E. McDonald and distributed by DMCS Technologies between October 30, 1989 and May 30, 2000 and operated over 18 versions.

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Memotech MTX

The Memotech MTX500, MTX512 and RS128 were a series of Zilog Z80A processor-based home computers released by Memotech in 1983 and 1984.

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Mesa (programming language)

Mesa is a programming language developed in the late 1970s at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center in Palo Alto, California, United States.

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Metrowerks

Metrowerks was a company that developed software development tools for various desktop, handheld, embedded, and gaming platforms.

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Michigan Terminal System

The Michigan Terminal System (MTS) is one of the first time-sharing computer operating systems.

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Microsoft Pascal

Microsoft Pascal was an implementation of the Pascal programming language that was developed by the Microsoft Corporation for compiling programs for running on its MS-DOS operating system and, in later versions, on OS/2 (like many other Microsoft programming tools, albeit they were only capable of generating 16-bit programs for the latter).

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MIDletPascal

MIDletPascal is a Pascal compiler and IDE specifically designed to create software for mobiles.

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Mie scattering

The Mie solution to Maxwell's equations (also known as the Lorenz–Mie solution, the Lorenz–Mie–Debye solution or Mie scattering) describes the scattering of an electromagnetic plane wave by a homogeneous sphere.

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MiKTeX

MiKTeX is a distribution of the TeX/LaTeX typesetting system for Microsoft Windows.

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MINIX

MINIX (from "mini-Unix") is a POSIX-compliant (since version 2.0), Unix-like operating system based on a microkernel architecture.

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Miranda (programming language)

Miranda is a lazy, purely functional programming language designed by David Turner as a successor to his earlier programming languages SASL and KRC, using some concepts from ML and Hope.

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MMDF

MMDF, the Multichannel Memorandum Distribution Facility, is a message transfer agent (MTA), a computer program designed to transmit email.

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Mobile app development

Mobile app development is the act or process by which a mobile app is developed for mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, enterprise digital assistants or mobile phones.

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ModernPascal

Modern Pascal is a closed source, cross-platform, interpreter, compiler and runtime environment for command line, server-side and networking applications.

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Modula

The Modula programming language is a descendant of the Pascal programming language.

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Modula-2

Modula-2 is a computer programming language designed and developed between 1977 and 1985 by Niklaus Wirth at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich) as a revision of Pascal to serve as the sole programming language for the operating system and application software for the personal workstation Lilith.

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Modula-2+

Modula-2+ is a programming language descended from the Modula-2 language.

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Modula-3

Modula-3 is a programming language conceived as a successor to an upgraded version of Modula-2 known as Modula-2+.

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Modular programming

Modular programming is a software design technique that emphasizes separating the functionality of a programme into independent, interchangeable modules, such that each contains everything necessary to execute only one aspect of the desired functionality.

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Modulo operation

In computing, the modulo operation finds the remainder after division of one number by another (sometimes called modulus).

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MONECS

MONECS ('''Mon'''ash University Educational Computing System) was a computer operating system with BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, Pascal interpreters, plus machine language facility.

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Moria (video game)

The Dungeons of Moria, or just Moria, is a roguelike computer game inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien's novel The Lord of the Rings.

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MorphOS

MorphOS is an AmigaOS-like computer operating system.

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Mouse (programming language)

The Mouse programming language is a small computer programming language developed by Dr.

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Mpv (media player)

mpv is media player software, based on MPlayer and mplayer2.

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MSX-DOS

MSX-DOS is a discontinued disk operating system developed by Microsoft for the 8-bit home computer standard MSX, and is a cross between MS-DOS 1.25 and CP/M-80 2.

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MUD

A MUD (originally Multi-User Dungeon, with later variants Multi-User Dimension and Multi-User Domain) is a multiplayer real-time virtual world, usually text-based.

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Multi-pass compiler

A multi-pass compiler is a type of compiler that processes the source code or abstract syntax tree of a program several times.

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Multum

The Multum minicomputer from Information Computer Systems (ICS) was a small computer developed in the early 1970s in Crewe, Cheshire by ex employees of English Electric Company.

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Muntinlupa Science High School

Muntinlupa Science High School, known as Muntinlupa Science or MunSci, is a special science public high school in the City of Muntinlupa, Philippines that provides a technical and science curriculum that aims to prepare students for careers in science and technology, math, and communication arts.

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MUSIC/SP

MUSIC/SP (Multi-User System for Interactive Computing/System Product; originally "McGill University System for Interactive Computing") was developed at McGill University in the 1970s from an early IBM time-sharing system called RAX (Remote Access Computing System).

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Mutual recursion

In mathematics and computer science, mutual recursion is a form of recursion where two mathematical or computational objects, such as functions or data types, are defined in terms of each other.

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Name mangling

In compiler construction, name mangling (also called name decoration) is a technique used to solve various problems caused by the need to resolve unique names for programming entities in many modern programming languages.

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Name resolution (programming languages)

In programming languages, name resolution refers to the resolution of the tokens within program expressions to the intended program components.

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Naming convention (programming)

In computer programming, a naming convention is a set of rules for choosing the character sequence to be used for identifiers which denote variables, types, functions, and other entities in source code and documentation.

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Natural logarithm

The natural logarithm of a number is its logarithm to the base of the mathematical constant ''e'', where e is an irrational and transcendental number approximately equal to.

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Negation

In logic, negation, also called the logical complement, is an operation that takes a proposition P to another proposition "not P", written \neg P (¬P), which is interpreted intuitively as being true when P is false, and false when P is true.

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Nested function

In computer programming, a nested function (or nested procedure or subroutine) is a function which is defined within another function, the enclosing function.

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Nesting (computing)

In computing science and informatics, nesting is where information is organized in layers, or where objects contain other similar objects.

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NewLISP

newLISP is an open source scripting language in the Lisp family of programming languages developed by Lutz Mueller and released under the GNU General Public License.

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Nico Habermann

Arie Nicolaas Habermann (26 June 1932 – 8 August 1993), often known as Nico Habermann, was a noted Dutch computer scientist.

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Nicola Pellow

Nicola Pellow was one of the nineteen members of the WWW Project at CERN working with Tim Berners-Lee.

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Niklaus Wirth

Niklaus Emil Wirth (born 15 February 1934) is a Swiss computer scientist, best known for designing several programming languages, including Pascal, and for pioneering several classic topics in software engineering.

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Nim (programming language)

Nim (formerly named Nimrod) is an imperative, multi-paradigm, compiled programming language designed and developed by Andreas Rumpf.

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NLTSS

NLTSS, the Network Livermore Timesharing System, also sometimes known as the New Livermore Time Sharing System was an operating system that was actively developed at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (now Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) from 1979 until about 1988, though it continued to run production applications until 1995.

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Non-English-based programming languages

Non-English-based programming languages are computer programming languages that, unlike better-known programming languages, do not use keywords taken from, or inspired by, the English vocabulary.

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NOP

In computer science, a NOP, no-op, or NOOP (pronounced "no op"; short for no operation) is an assembly language instruction, programming language statement, or computer protocol command that does nothing.

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Norsk Data

Norsk Data was a (mini-)computer manufacturer located in Oslo, Norway.

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Notepad++

Notepad++ is a text editor and source code editor for use with Microsoft Windows.

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Notepad2

Notepad2 is a free and open-source text editor for Microsoft Windows, released under a BSD software license.

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Noweb

noweb is a literate programming tool, created in 1989–1999 by Norman Ramsey, and designed to be simple, easily extensible and language independent.

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Null pointer

In computing, a null pointer has a value reserved for indicating that the pointer does not refer to a valid object.

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Numerical Recipes

Numerical Recipes is the generic title of a series of books on algorithms and numerical analysis by William H. Press, Saul A. Teukolsky, William T. Vetterling and Brian P. Flannery.

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O-code

O-code is an intermediate language emitted by the BCPL compiler.

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Oberon (programming language)

Oberon is a general-purpose programming language created in 1986 by Niklaus Wirth and the latest member of the Wirthian family of ALGOL-like languages (Euler, Algol-W, Pascal, Modula, and Modula-2).

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Oberon-2

Oberon-2 is an extension of the original Oberon programming language that adds limited reflection and object-oriented programming facilities, open arrays as pointer base types, read-only field export and reintroduces the FOR loop from Modula-2.

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Object categorization from image search

In computer vision, the problem of object categorization from image search is the problem of training a classifier to recognize categories of objects, using only the images retrieved automatically with an Internet search engine.

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Object composition

In computer science, object composition (not to be confused with function composition) is a way to combine simple objects or data types into more complex ones.

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Object Pascal

Object Pascal refers to a branch of object-oriented derivatives of Pascal, mostly known as the primary programming language of Delphi.

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Object-oriented programming

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects", which may contain data, in the form of fields, often known as attributes; and code, in the form of procedures, often known as methods. A feature of objects is that an object's procedures can access and often modify the data fields of the object with which they are associated (objects have a notion of "this" or "self").

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Object-oriented user interface

In computing, an object-oriented user interface (OOUI) is a type of user interface based on an object-oriented programming metaphor.

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Object-PL/SQL

Object-PL/SQL (Object-Procedural Language/Structured Query Language or simply O-PL/SQL) is a methodology of using the Oracle Corporation's procedural extension language for SQL and the Oracle relational database.

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Occam (programming language)

occam is a programming language which is concurrent and builds on the communicating sequential processes (CSP) process algebra, Inmos document 72 occ 45 03 and shares many of its features.

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Off-by-one error

An off-by-one error (OBOE), also commonly known as an OBOB (off-by-one bug), or OB1 error is a logic error involving the discrete equivalent of a boundary condition.

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Off-side rule

A computer programming language is said to adhere to the off-side rule if blocks in that language are expressed by their indentation.

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Olivetti M20

The Olivetti M20 is a Zilog Z8000 based computer from Olivetti introduced in 1982.

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One-pass compiler

In computer programming, a one-pass compiler is a compiler that passes through the parts of each compilation unit only once, immediately translating each part into its final machine code.

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OpenVMS

OpenVMS is a closed-source, proprietary computer operating system for use in general-purpose computing.

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Operator (computer programming)

Programming languages typically support a set of operators: constructs which behave generally like functions, but which differ syntactically or semantically from usual functions.

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Operator overloading

In programming, operator overloading, sometimes termed operator ad hoc polymorphism, is a specific case of polymorphism, where different operators have different implementations depending on their arguments.

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ORBit

ORBit is a CORBA 2.4 compliant Object Request Broker (ORB).

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OS-9

OS-9 is a family of real-time, process-based, multitasking, multi-user operating systems, developed in the 1980s, originally by Microware Systems Corporation for the Motorola 6809 microprocessor.

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OS/360 Object File Format

The OS/360 Object File Format is the standard object module file format for the IBM DOS/360, OS/360 and VM/370, Univac VS/9, and Fujitsu BS2000 mainframe operating systems.

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Outline of software engineering

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to software engineering: Software engineering – application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software; that is the application of engineering to software.

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P-code machine

In computer programming, a p-code machine, or portable code machine is a virtual machine designed to execute p-code (the assembly language of a hypothetical CPU).

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Palm OS

Palm OS (also known as Garnet OS) is a discontinued mobile operating system initially developed by Palm, Inc., for personal digital assistants (PDAs) in 1996.

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Panos (operating system)

Panos is a discontinued computer operating system developed by Acorn Computers in the 1980s, which ran on the 32016 Second Processor for the BBC Micro and the Acorn Cambridge Workstation.

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Parallax Propeller

The Parallax P8X32A Propeller is a multi-core processor parallel computer architecture microcontroller chip with eight 32-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) central processing unit (CPU) cores.

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Parameter (computer programming)

In computer programming, a parameter (often called formal parameter or formal argument) is a special kind of variable, used in a subroutine to refer to one of the pieces of data provided as input to the subroutine.

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ParaSail (programming language)

Parallel Specification and Implementation Language (ParaSail) is an object-oriented parallel programming language.

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PARI/GP

PARI/GP is a computer algebra system with the main aim of facilitating number theory computations.

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PAS

PAS or Pas may refer to.

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Pascal

Pascal or PASCAL may refer to.

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Pascal (programming language)

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Pascal MicroEngine

The Pascal MicroEngine was a series of microcomputer products manufactured by Western Digital from 1979 through the mid-1980s, designed specifically to run the UCSD p-System efficiently.

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Pascal/MT+

Pascal/MT+ was an ISO 7185 compatible Pascal compiler written in 1980 by Michael Lehman, founder of MT MicroSYSTEMS of Solana Beach, California.

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PascalABC.NET

PascalABC.NET is a Pascal programming language integrated development environment that implements classic Pascal, most Delphi language features, as well as a number of their own extensions.

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Pastel (programming language)

Pastel is an extended version of the Pascal programming language, created in c. 1982 for Amber, an operating system for the S-1 supercomputer project at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California.

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PEEK and POKE

In computing, PEEK and POKE are commands used in some high-level programming languages for accessing the contents of a specific memory cell referenced by its memory address.

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Perforce Jam

Perforce Jam was an open-source build system developed by Christopher Seiwald of Perforce Software.

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Periphere Computer Systeme

Periphere Computer Systeme (PCS) was founded in Munich by the brothers Georg and Eberhard Färber in 1969.

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Perl

Perl is a family of two high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming languages, Perl 5 and Perl 6.

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PERQ

The PERQ, also referred to as the Three Rivers PERQ or ICL PERQ, was a pioneering workstation computer produced in the late 1970s through the early 1980s.

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Pic Micro Pascal

Pic Micro Pascal PMP is a free Pascal cross compiler for PIC microcontrollers.

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Pidgin code

In computer programming, pidgin code is a mixture of several programming languages in the same program, or pseudocode that is a mixture of a programming language with natural language descriptions.

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PL/0

PL/0 is a programming language, intended as an educational programming language, that is similar to but much simpler than Pascal, a general-purpose programming language.

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PL/I

PL/I (Programming Language One, pronounced) is a procedural, imperative computer programming language designed for scientific, engineering, business and system programming uses.

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PL/SQL

PL/SQL (Procedural Language/Structured Query Language) is Oracle Corporation's procedural extension for SQL and the Oracle relational database.

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Plus (programming language)

Plus is a "Pascal-like" system implementation language from the University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada, based on the SUE, B. L. Clark and J. J. Horning of the Computer Systems Research Group and Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Proceedings of the SIGPLAN symposium on Languages for system implementation, 1971, pages 79-88 system language developed at the University of Toronto, c. 1971.

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PMD 85

The PMD 85 was an 8-bit personal computer produced from 1985 by the companies Tesla Piešťany and Bratislava in the former Czechoslovakia.

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PocketStudio

PocketStudio by Winsoft is an IDE supporting rapid application development (RAD) for Palm OS and related operating systems like Garnet OS or Access Linux Platform.

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Pointer (computer programming)

In computer science, a pointer is a programming language object that stores the memory address of another value located in computer memory.

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Polyglot (computing)

In computing, a polyglot is a computer program or script written in a valid form of multiple programming languages, which performs the same operations or output independent of the programming language used to compile or interpret it.

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Polymorphism (computer science)

In programming languages and type theory, polymorphism (from Greek πολύς, polys, "many, much" and μορφή, morphē, "form, shape") is the provision of a single interface to entities of different types.

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POP-11

POP-11 is a reflective, incrementally compiled programming language with many of the features of an interpreted language.

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Power of two

In mathematics, a power of two is a number of the form where is an integer, i.e. the result of exponentiation with number two as the base and integer as the exponent.

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PowerHouse (programming language)

PowerHouse is a trademarked name for a byte-compiled fourth-generation programming language (or 4GL) originally produced by Quasar Corporation (later renamed Cognos Incorporated) for the Hewlett-Packard HP3000 mini-computer.

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Presentation layer

In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the presentation layer is layer 6 and serves as the data translator for the network.

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Primitive data type

In computer science, primitive data type is either of the following.

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Procedural parameter

In computing, a procedural parameter is a parameter of a procedure that is itself a procedure.

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Procedural programming

Procedural programming is a programming paradigm, derived from structured programming, based upon the concept of the procedure call.

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Programmable calculator

Programmable calculators are calculators that can automatically carry out a sequence of operations under control of a stored program, much like a computer.

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Programmable logic controller

A programmable logic controller (PLC), or programmable controller is an industrial digital computer which has been ruggedized and adapted for the control of manufacturing processes, such as assembly lines, or robotic devices, or any activity that requires high reliability control and ease of programming and process fault diagnosis.

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Programming language

A programming language is a formal language that specifies a set of instructions that can be used to produce various kinds of output.

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Programming language generations

Programming languages have been classified into several programming language generations.

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Prograph

Prograph is a visual, object-oriented, dataflow, multiparadigm programming language that uses iconic symbols to represent actions to be taken on data.

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Protel

Protel stands for "Procedure Oriented Type Enforcing Language".

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Pseudocode

Pseudocode is an informal high-level description of the operating principle of a computer program or other algorithm.

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PUPS P3

PUPS/P3 is an implementation of an organic computing environment for Linux which provides support for the implementation of low level persistent software agents.

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Python (programming language)

Python is an interpreted high-level programming language for general-purpose programming.

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Quantel Mirage

The Quantel Mirage, or DVM8000/1 "Digital Video Manipulator", was a digital real-time video effects processor introduced by Quantel in 1982.

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QuickDraw

QuickDraw is the 2D graphics library and associated Application Programming Interface (API) which is a core part of the classic Mac OS operating system.

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Quotation marks in English

In English writing, quotation marks or inverted commas, also known informally as quotes, speech marks, quote marks, quotemarks or speechmarks, are punctuation marks placed on either side of a word or phrase in order to identify it as a quotation, direct speech or a literal title or name.

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RagTime (software)

RagTime is a frame-oriented business publishing software which combines word processing, spreadsheets, simple drawings, image processing, and charts, in a single document/program.

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Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal

"Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal" (a parody of the bestselling 1982 tongue-in-cheek book on stereotypes about masculinity Real Men Don't Eat Quiche) is an essay about computer programming written by Ed Post "... Real Programmers use FORTRAN.

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Record (computer science)

In computer science, a record (also called a structure, struct, or compound data) is a basic data structure.

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Recursive descent parser

In computer science, a recursive descent parser is a kind of top-down parser built from a set of mutually recursive procedures (or a non-recursive equivalent) where each such procedure usually implements one of the productions of the grammar.

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Reflection (computer programming)

In computer science, reflection is the ability of a computer program to examine, introspect, and modify its own structure and behavior at runtime.

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Relational operator

In computer science, a relational operator is a programming language construct or operator that tests or defines some kind of relation between two entities.

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Remainder

In mathematics, the remainder is the amount "left over" after performing some computation.

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Renegade (BBS)

Renegade is a freeware bulletin board system (BBS) written for IBM PC-compatible computers running MS-DOS that gained popularity among hobbyist BBSes in the early to mid 1990s.

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Return statement

In computer programming, a return statement causes execution to leave the current subroutine and resume at the point in the code immediately after where the subroutine was called, known as its return address.

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Robert Sedgewick (computer scientist)

Robert Sedgewick (born December 20, 1946) is an American computer science professor at Princeton University and a member of the board of directors of Adobe Systems.

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RoboMind

RoboMind is a simple educational programming environment with its own scripting language that allows beginners to learn the basics of computer science by programming a simulated robot.

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Rocky Mountain BASIC

Rocky Mountain BASIC (also RMB or RM-BASIC) is a dialect of the BASIC programming language created by Hewlett-Packard.

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Roguelike

Roguelike is a subgenre of role-playing video game characterized by a dungeon crawl through procedurally generated levels, turn-based gameplay, tile-based graphics, and permanent death of the player character.

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Row- and column-major order

In computing, row-major order and column-major order are methods for storing multidimensional arrays in linear storage such as random access memory.

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RSTS/E

RSTS is a multi-user time-sharing operating system, initially developed by Evans, Griffiths, & Hart of Boston, and acquired by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC, now part of Hewlett Packard) for the PDP-11 series of 16-bit minicomputers.

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RT-11

RT-11 ("RT" for real-time) is a discontinued small, single-user real-time operating system for the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 family of 16-bit computers.

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S-algol

S-algol (St Andrews Algol) is a computer programming language derivative of ALGOL 60 developed at the University of St Andrews in 1979 by Ron Morrison and Tony Davie.

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SAM76

SAM76 is a macro programming language used from the late 1970s to the present 2007 initially ran on CP/M.

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Savitzky–Golay filter

A Savitzky–Golay filter is a digital filter that can be applied to a set of digital data points for the purpose of smoothing the data, that is, to increase the signal-to-noise ratio without greatly distorting the signal.

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Scala (programming language)

Scala is a general-purpose programming language providing support for functional programming and a strong static type system.

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Scope (computer science)

In computer programming, the scope of a name binding – an association of a name to an entity, such as a variable – is the region of a computer program where the binding is valid: where the name can be used to refer to the entity.

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Searchlight BBS

Searchlight BBS is a bulletin board system (BBS) developed in 1985 by Frank LaRosa for the TRS-80.

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Seed7

Seed7 is an extensible general-purpose programming language designed by Thomas Mertes.

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Selection sort

In computer science, selection sort is a sorting algorithm, specifically an in-place comparison sort.

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Self-hosting

Self-hosting is the use of a computer program as part of the toolchain or operating system that produces new versions of that same program—for example, a that can compile its own source code.

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Semantics

Semantics (from σημαντικός sēmantikós, "significant") is the linguistic and philosophical study of meaning, in language, programming languages, formal logics, and semiotics.

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Semicolon

The semicolon or semi colon is a punctuation mark that separates major sentence elements.

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Separation of concerns

In computer science, separation of concerns (SoC) is a design principle for separating a computer program into distinct sections, such that each section addresses a separate concern.

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SequenceL

SequenceL is a general purpose functional programming language and auto-parallelizing (Parallel computing) compiler and tool set, whose primary design objectives are performance on multi-core processor hardware, ease of programming, platform portability/optimization, and code clarity and readability.

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Set (abstract data type)

In computer science, a set is an abstract data type that can store unique values, without any particular order.

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Sharp MZ

The Sharp MZ is a series of personal computers sold in Japan and Europe (particularly Germany and Great Britain) by Sharp beginning in 1978.

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Shell script

A shell script is a computer program designed to be run by the Unix shell, a command-line interpreter.

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Short-circuit evaluation

Short-circuit evaluation, minimal evaluation, or McCarthy evaluation (after John McCarthy) is the semantics of some Boolean operators in some programming languages in which the second argument is executed or evaluated only if the first argument does not suffice to determine the value of the expression: when the first argument of the AND function evaluates to false, the overall value must be false; and when the first argument of the OR function evaluates to true, the overall value must be true.

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Simple and Fast Multimedia Library

Simple and Fast Multimedia Library (SFML) is a cross-platform software development library designed to provide a simple application programming interface (API) to various multimedia components in computers.

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Simple DirectMedia Layer

Simple DirectMedia Layer (SDL) is a cross-platform software development library designed to provide a hardware abstraction layer for computer multimedia hardware components.

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Sirius Joyport

The Sirius Joyport was a game controller adapter for the Apple II computer designed by Keithen Hayenga and Steve Woita (who were employed by Apple at the time) and then licensed for manufacture and distribution in 1981 by Sirius Software.

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SISAL

SISAL ("Streams and Iteration in a Single Assignment Language") is a general-purpose single assignment functional programming language with strict semantics, implicit parallelism, and efficient array handling.

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SNOBOL

SNOBOL (StriNg Oriented and symBOlic Language) is a series of computer programming languages developed between 1962 and 1967 at AT&T Bell Laboratories by David J. Farber, Ralph E. Griswold and Ivan P. Polonsky, culminating in SNOBOL4.

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Software bug

A software bug is an error, flaw, failure or fault in a computer program or system that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result, or to behave in unintended ways.

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Software for handling chess problems

This article covers computer software designed to solve, or assist people in creating or solving, chess problems – puzzles in which pieces are laid out as in a game of chess, and may at times be based upon real games of chess that have been played and recorded, but whose aim is to challenge the problemist to find a solution to the posed situation, within the rules of chess, rather than to play games of chess from the beginning against an opponent.

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Software tools users group

The Software Tools Users Group (STUG) was a technical organization started in 1976, in parallel with Usenix.

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Source-to-source compiler

A source-to-source compiler, transcompiler or transpiler is a type of compiler that takes the source code of a program written in one programming language as its input and produces the equivalent source code in another programming language.

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South African Computer Olympiad

The South African Computing Olympiad (SACO) is an annual computer programming competition for secondary school students (although at least one primary school student has participated) in South Africa.

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Spice Lisp

Spice Lisp is a Lisp dialect and its implementation originally written by CMU's Spice Lisp Group which targeted the microcode of the 16-bit PERQ workstation and its Accent operating system; it used that workstation's microcode abilities (it provided microcodes for Pascal, C, and Ada besides) to implement a stack architecture to store its data structures as 32-bit objects and to enable runtime type-checking.

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SPOJ

SPOJ (Sphere Online Judge) is an online judge system with over 315,000 registered users and over 20,000 problems.

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SQLite

SQLite is a relational database management system contained in a C programming library.

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St Mellons

St Mellons (Llaneirwg) is a district and suburb of southeastern Cardiff, the capital city of Wales.

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Stack machine

In computer science, computer engineering and programming language implementations, a stack machine is a type of computer.

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Stanford University Computer Science

The Computer Science Department at Stanford University in Stanford, California, is a leading school for computer science.

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Star Trek (1971 video game)

Star Trek is a text-based computer game that puts the player in command of the USS ''Enterprise'' on a mission to hunt down and destroy an invading fleet of Klingon warships.

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StarDoc 134

StarDoc 134 is a Dos/Linux hybrid BBS running EleBBS maintained by Andrew Baker aka "RamMan, Dotel and Dotelpenguin".

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Steelman language requirements

The Steelman language requirements were a set of requirements which a high-level general-purpose programming language should meet, created by the United States Department of Defense in The Department of Defense Common High Order Language program in 1978.

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Stratus VOS

Stratus VOS (Virtual Operating System) is a proprietary operating system running on Stratus Technologies fault-tolerant computer systems.

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String (computer science)

In computer programming, a string is traditionally a sequence of characters, either as a literal constant or as some kind of variable.

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String literal

A string literal or anonymous string is a type of literal in programming for the representation of a string value within the source code of a computer program.

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Strong and weak typing

In computer programming, programming languages are often colloquially classified as to whether the language's type system makes it strongly typed or weakly typed (loosely typed).

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Structured program theorem

The structured program theorem, also called Böhm-Jacopini theorem, is a result in programming language theory.

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Structured programming

Structured programming is a programming paradigm aimed at improving the clarity, quality, and development time of a computer program by making extensive use of the structured control flow constructs of selection (if/then/else) and repetition (while and for), block structures, and subroutines in contrast to using simple tests and jumps such as the go to statement, which can lead to "spaghetti code" that is potentially difficult to follow and maintain.

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Structured text

Structured text, or ST, is one of the five languages supported by the IEC 61131-3 standard, designed for programmable logic controllers (PLCs).

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Subroutine

In computer programming, a subroutine is a sequence of program instructions that performs a specific task, packaged as a unit.

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SuperPaint (Macintosh)

SuperPaint is a graphics program capable of both bitmap painting and vector drawing.

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SuperPascal

Super Pascal is an imperative, concurrent computing programming language developed by Brinch Hansen.

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Switch statement

In computer programming languages, a switch statement is a type of selection control mechanism used to allow the value of a variable or expression to change the control flow of program execution via a multiway branch.

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SWTPC

The U.S. company SWTPC started in 1964 as DEMCO (Daniel E. Meyer Company).

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Synergy Teleconferencing System

Synergy Teleconferencing System (STS) was a PC-based online chat server popular in the 1980s and 1990s.

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Syntactic sugar

In computer science, syntactic sugar is syntax within a programming language that is designed to make things easier to read or to express.

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System programming language

A system programming language usually refers to a programming language used for system programming; such languages are designed for writing system software, which usually requires different development approaches when compared with application software.

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System time

In computer science and computer programming, system time represents a computer system's notion of the passing of time.

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TADS

Text Adventure Development System (TADS) is a prototype-based domain-specific programming language and set of standard libraries for creating interactive fiction (IF) games.

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Tagged union

In computer science, a tagged union, also called a variant, variant record, choice type, discriminated union, disjoint union, or sum type, is a data structure used to hold a value that could take on several different, but fixed, types.

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TEA (text editor)

TEA is a graphical text editor.

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Technical Systems Consultants

Technical Systems Consultants (TSC) was a United States software company.

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Telegard

Telegard is an early bulletin board system (BBS) software program written for IBM PC-compatible computers running MS-DOS and OS/2.

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TeleSoft

TeleSoft, Inc. (sometimes written Telesoft) was an American software development company founded in 1981 and based in San Diego, California, that specialized in development tools for the Ada programming language.

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Tera Term

Tera Term (alternatively TeraTerm) is an open-source, free, software implemented, terminal emulator (communications) program.

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Terak 8510/a

The Terak 8510/a of 1976 or 1977 was the first graphics desktop personal computer.

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TeX

TeX (see below), stylized within the system as TeX, is a typesetting system (or "formatting system") designed and mostly written by Donald Knuth and released in 1978.

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Texas Instruments TI-99/4A

The Texas Instruments TI-99/4A is a home computer, released June 1981 in the United States at a price of $525 ($ adjusted for inflation).

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The Rainbow (magazine)

The Rainbow was a monthly magazine for the TRS-80 Color Computer by the Tandy Corporation (now RadioShack).

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The SemWare Editor

The SemWare Editor (TSE) is a text editor computer program for MS-DOS, OS/2, and Windows.

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Third-generation programming language

A third-generation programming language (3GL) is a generational way to categorize high-level computer programming languages.

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Threaded code

In computer science, the term threaded code refers to a programming technique where the code has a form that essentially consists entirely of calls to subroutines.

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TI-DNOS

The Distributed Network Operating System (DNOS) is a general purpose, multitasking operating system designed to operate with the Texas Instruments 990/10, 990/10A and 990/12 minicomputers.

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TIM-600

TIM-600 was an important PC computer system of the series of the TIM microcomputers, from Mihajlo Pupin Institute-Belgrade, developed 1987-1988 (see ref.Lit. #1, #2 and #6).

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Timeline of computing 1950–79

No description.

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Timeline of DOS operating systems

This article presents a timeline of events in the history of x86 DOS operating systems from 1973 to 2016.

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Timeline of electrical and electronic engineering

The following timeline tables list the discoveries and inventions in the history of electrical and electronic engineering.

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Timeline of programming languages

This is a record of historically important programming languages, by decade.

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Timex Sinclair 1000

The Timex Sinclair 1000 (TS1000) was the first computer produced by Timex Sinclair, a joint venture between Timex Corporation and Sinclair Research.

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TNSDL

TNSDL stands for TeleNokia Specification and Description Language.

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Top-down and bottom-up design

Top-down and bottom-up are both strategies of information processing and knowledge ordering, used in a variety of fields including software, humanistic and scientific theories (see systemics), and management and organization.

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TOPS-10

The TOPS-10 System (Timesharing / Total Operating System-10) was a computer operating system from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) for the PDP-10 (or DECsystem-10) mainframe computer launched in 1967.

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Transaction Application Language

Transaction Application Language or TAL (originally "Tandem Application Language") is a block-structured, procedural language optimized for use on Tandem hardware.

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Transputer

The transputer is a series of pioneering microprocessors from the 1980s, featuring integrated memory and serial communication links, intended for parallel computing.

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Triconex

Triconex is both the name of a Schneider Electric brand that supplies products, systems and services for safety, critical control and turbomachinery applications and the name of its hardware devices that utilize its TriStation application software.

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Triton (demogroup)

Triton (TRN) was a demogroup active in the PC demoscene from 1992 to about 1996.

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Tron (video game)

Tron is a coin-operated arcade video game manufactured and distributed by Bally Midway in 1982.

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TRS-80 Color Computer

The RadioShack TRS-80 Color Computer (also marketed as the Tandy Color Computer and sometimes nicknamed the CoCo) is a line of home computers based on the Motorola 6809 processor.

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Turbo C++

Turbo C++ is a discontinued C++ compiler and integrated development environment and computer language originally from Borland.

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Turbo Pascal

Turbo Pascal is a software development system that includes a compiler and an integrated development environment (IDE) for the Pascal programming language running on CP/M, CP/M-86, and MS-DOS.

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Turbo Vision

Turbo Vision is a DOS-based character-mode text user interface (TUI) framework developed around 1990 by Borland for Pascal, and C++.

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Turbo51

Turbo51 is a compiler for the programming language Pascal, for the Intel MCS-51 (8051) family of microcontrollers.

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Turing (programming language)

Turing is a Pascal-like programming language developed in 1982 by Ric Holt and James Cordy, then of University of Toronto, Canada.

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Turing Award

The ACM A.M. Turing Award is an annual prize given by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) to an individual selected for contributions "of lasting and major technical importance to the computer field".

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Turing completeness

In computability theory, a system of data-manipulation rules (such as a computer's instruction set, a programming language, or a cellular automaton) is said to be Turing complete or computationally universal if it can be used to simulate any Turing machine.

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Turing machine

A Turing machine is a mathematical model of computation that defines an abstract machine, which manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules.

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TUTOR (programming language)

TUTOR (also known as PLATO Author Language) is a programming language developed for use on the PLATO system at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign around 1965.

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Type conversion

In computer science, type conversion, type casting, and type coercion are different ways of changing an entity of one data type into another.

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Type punning

In computer science, type punning is a common term for any programming technique that subverts or circumvents the type system of a programming language in order to achieve an effect that would be difficult or impossible to achieve within the bounds of the formal language.

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Type safety

In computer science, type safety is the extent to which a programming language discourages or prevents type errors.

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Tyrian (video game)

Tyrian is a scrolling shooter computer game developed by Eclipse Software and published in 1995 by Epic MegaGames.

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UCBLogo

UCBLogo, also known as Berkeley Logo, is closest to a de facto standard Logo programming language with its facilities for handling lists, files, I/O, and recursion in scripts, and can be used to teach most computer science concepts, as UC Berkeley lecturer Brian Harvey did in his Computer Science Logo Style trilogy.

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UCSD Pascal

UCSD Pascal was a Pascal programming language system that ran on the UCSD p-System, a portable, highly machine-independent operating system.

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UKNC

UKNC (УКНЦ) was a Soviet PDP-11-compatible educational computer, aimed at teaching school informatics courses.

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Umbrello UML Modeller

Umbrello UML Modeller is a free software UML diagram tool available natively for Unix-like platforms, as well as Microsoft Windows (as part of KDE on Windows).

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UNICOS

UNICOS is the name of a range of Unix-like operating system variants developed by Cray for its supercomputers.

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Unified Code Count (UCC)

The Unified Code Counter (UCC) is a comprehensive software lines of code counter produced by the.

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Uniform binary search

Uniform binary search is an optimization of the classic binary search algorithm invented by Donald Knuth and given in Knuth's The Art of Computer Programming.

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Unisys DMSII

The Unisys Data Management System II (DMSII) is a database system originally created by the Burroughs Corporation in 1972.

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Unisys MCP programming languages

Unisys MCP has had several generations of compilers in its history supporting a wide variety of programming languages.

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Unisys OS 2200 programming languages

OS 2200 has had several generations of compilers and linkers in its history supporting a wide variety of programming languages.

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Unit type

In the area of mathematical logic and computer science known as type theory, a unit type is a type that allows only one value (and thus can hold no information).

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United States of America Computing Olympiad

The United States of America Computing Olympiad (USACO) is a computer programming competition for secondary school students in the United States.

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Unix

Unix (trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, development starting in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.

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UNOS (operating system)

UNOS is the first, now discontinued, 32-bit Unix-like real-time operating system (RTOS) with real-time extensions.

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UVa Online Judge

UVa Online Judge is an online automated judge for programming problems hosted by University of Valladolid.

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Van Wijngaarden grammar

In computer science, a Van Wijngaarden grammar (also vW-grammar or W-grammar) is a two-level grammar which provides a technique to define potentially infinite context-free grammars in a finite number of rules.

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Vatsal Sheth

Vatsal Sheth (born 5 August 1980) is an Indian film and television actor, model and entrepreneur.

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Vector Pascal

Vector Pascal is an open source compiler that extends the Pascal programming language.

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Vector-06C

Vector-06C (Вектор-06Ц) is a home computer with unique graphics capabilities that was designed and mass-produced in USSR in the late 1980s.

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VHDL

VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) is a hardware description language used in electronic design automation to describe digital and mixed-signal systems such as field-programmable gate arrays and integrated circuits.

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Vienna Development Method

The Vienna Development Method (VDM) is one of the longest-established formal methods for the development of computer-based systems.

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Virtual machine

In computing, a virtual machine (VM) is an emulation of a computer system.

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Virtual Pascal

Virtual Pascal is a free 32-bit Pascal compiler, IDE, and debugger for OS/2 and Microsoft Windows, with some limited Linux support.

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Visual Basic

Visual Basic is a third-generation event-driven programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft for its Component Object Model (COM) programming model first released in 1991 and declared legacy during 2008.

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VisualWorks

VisualWorks is a cross-platform implementation of the Smalltalk language.

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Void type

The Void type, in several programming languages derived from C and Algol68, is the type for the result of a function that returns normally, but does not provide a result value to its caller.

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Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory

In the foundations of mathematics, von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory (NBG) is an axiomatic set theory that is a conservative extension of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZFC).

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VPS/VM

VPS/VM (Virtual Processing System/Virtual Machine) was an operating system that ran on IBM System/370 – IBM 3090 computers at Boston University in general use from 1977 to around 1990, and in limited use until at least 1993.

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Vuk (computer)

Vuk was a computer prototype designed by a group of students from Leskovac in SFRY (now Serbia).

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Walls and Mirrors

Walls And Mirrors is a computer science textbook, for undergraduates taking a second computer science course (typically on the subject of data structures and algorithms), originally written by Paul Helman and Robert Veroff.

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Wang Laboratories

Wang Laboratories was a computer company founded in 1951, by An Wang and G. Y. Chu.

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Watcom

Watcom International Corporation was founded in 1981 by three former employees of the Computer Systems Group (Fred Crigger, Ian McPhee, and Jack Schueler) at the University of Waterloo, in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

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Weasel program

The weasel program or Dawkins' weasel is a thought experiment and a variety of computer simulations illustrating it.

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WEB

WEB is a computer programming system created by Donald E. Knuth as the first implementation of what he called "literate programming": the idea that one could create software as works of literature, by embedding source code inside descriptive text, rather than the reverse (as is common practice in most programming languages), in an order that is convenient for exposition to human readers, rather than in the order demanded by the compiler.

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While loop

In most computer programming languages, a while loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly based on a given Boolean condition.

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Whitesmiths

Whitesmiths Ltd.

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Windows API

The Windows API, informally WinAPI, is Microsoft's core set of application programming interfaces (APIs) available in the Microsoft Windows operating systems.

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Wizardry

Wizardry is a series of role-playing video games, developed by Sir-Tech, which were highly influential in the evolution of modern role-playing video games.

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Wolfram Language

The Wolfram Language is a general multi-paradigm programming language developed by Wolfram Research and is the programming language of the mathematical symbolic computation program Mathematica and the Wolfram Programming Cloud.

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Write once, compile anywhere

Write once, compile anywhere (WOCA) is a philosophy taken by a compiler and its associated software libraries or by a software library/software framework which refers to a capability of writing a computer program that can be compiled on all platforms without the need to modify its source code.

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WWIV

WWIV was a popular brand of bulletin board system software from the late 1980s through the mid-1990s.

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X/Open

X/Open Company, Ltd., originally the Open Group for Unix Systems, was a consortium founded by several European UNIX systems manufacturers in 1984 to identify and promote open standards in the field of information technology.

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X86 calling conventions

This article describes the calling conventions used when programming x86 architecture microprocessors.

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XEDIT

XEDIT is a visual editor for VM/CMS using block mode IBM 3270 terminals.

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XeTeX

XeTeX (or; see also Pronouncing and writing "TeX") is a TeX typesetting engine using Unicode and supporting modern font technologies such as OpenType, Graphite and Apple Advanced Typography (AAT).

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XPL0

XPL0 is a computer programming language that is essentially a cross between Pascal and C. It was created in 1976 by Peter J. R. Boyle who wanted a high-level language for his microcomputer and wanted something more sophisticated than BASIC, which was the dominant language for personal computers at the time.

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Yacc

Yacc (Yet Another Compiler-Compiler) is a computer program for the Unix operating system developed by Stephen C. Johnson.

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ZOG (hypertext)

ZOG was an early hypertext system developed at Carnegie Mellon University during the 1970s by Donald McCracken and Robert Akscyn.

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Zonnon

Zonnon is a programming language along the Oberon, Modula, and Pascal language line.

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ZOPL

ZOPL is a programming language created by Geac Computer Corporation in the early 1970s for use on their mainframe computer systems used in libraries and banking institutions.

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ZX Spectrum software

Despite the fact that the ZX Spectrum hardware was limited by most standards, its software library was very diverse, including programming language implementations (C, Pascal, Prolog, Forth), several Z80 assemblers/disassemblers (e.g.: OCP Editor/Assembler, HiSoft Devpac, ZEUS Assembler, Artic Assembler), Sinclair BASIC compilers (e.g.: MCoder, COLT, HiSoft BASIC, ToBoS-FP), Sinclair BASIC extensions (e.g.: Beta BASIC, Mega Basic), databases (e.g.: VU-File), word processors (e.g.: Tasword II), spread sheets (e.g.: VU-Calc), drawing and painting tools (e.g.: OCP Art Studio, The Artist, Paintbox, Melbourne Draw), even 3D modelling (VU-3D), and, of course, many, many games.

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ZyLAB Technologies

ZyLAB is a developer of software for e-discovery, information risk management, email management, records, contract, and document management, knowledge management, and workflow.

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ZZT

ZZT is an action-adventure puzzle video game developed by Potomac Computer Systems and released for MS-DOS in October 1991.

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32-bit

32-bit microcomputers are computers in which 32-bit microprocessors are the norm.

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3M computer

3M was a goal first proposed in the early 1980s by Raj Reddy and his colleagues at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) as a minimum specification for academic/technical workstations: at least a megabyte of memory, a megapixel display and a million instructions per second (MIPS) processing power.

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Redirects here:

.p, .pas, BS 6192, Criticism of Pascal, Data types in Pascal, ISO 10206, ISO 7185, PASCAL (Programming language), PASCAL-SC, PASCAL-XSC, Pascal (language), Pascal (programming langauge), Pascal Programming Language, Pascal for Scientific Computation, Pascal language, Pascal programming language, Pascal-F, Pascal-P, Pascal-S, Pascal-SC, Pascal-XSC, Pascal-p2, X3J9.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)

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