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265 relations: A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field, Acoustic attenuation, Acoustic metamaterial, Acousto-optics, Admittance and conductance in cardiac performance, Advanced wave, Aluminum electrolytic capacitor, Antenna (radio), Artificial dielectrics, Atomic layer deposition, Bacterial adhesion in aquatic system, Balanced line, Barium titanate, Biology Monte Carlo method, Birefringence, Bound water, Branches of physics, Brendan Scaife, Capacitance, Capacitance probe, Capacitor, Capacitor plague, Capacitor types, Cartesian tensor, Casius quadrangle, Cavity perturbation theory, Ceramic capacitor, Cherenkov radiation, Circuit quantum electrodynamics, Classical electromagnetism and special relativity, Classical electron radius, Clausius–Mossotti relation, Coaxial cable, Common surface features of Mars, Constitutive equation, COSMO solvation model, Coulomb blockade, Coulomb's law, Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism, Cross section (physics), Crystal, Crystal optics, Dielectric, Dielectric absorption, Dielectric heating, Dielectric loss, Dielectric resonator, Dielectric spectroscopy, Dielectric thermal analysis, Diffusiophoresis and diffusioosmosis, ..., Dimensional analysis, Dimethoxyethane, Displacement current, Dissipation factor, DNA-functionalized quantum dots, DNG, Double layer (surface science), Double-layer capacitance, Drug delivery to the brain, Dual-band blade antenna, Duality (electricity and magnetism), Dukhin number, Dyakonov surface waves, EEStor, Elastance, Electric dipole moment, Electric displacement field, Electric field, Electric flux, Electric susceptibility, Electric-field integral equation, Electric-field screening, Electrical capacitance tomography, Electrical capacitance volume tomography, Electrical impedance tomography, Electrical length, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Electro-optic effect, Electroactive polymers, Electrokinematics theorem, Electrolytic capacitor, Electromagnetic field, Electromagnetic suspension, Electromagnetic wave equation, Electromagnetism, Electron-refractive effect, Electrophoretic light scattering, Electrorotation, Electrostatics, Ellipsometry, Epsilon, Epsilon-negative material, Eric Mazur, Ethylene carbonate, Faddeeva function, Faraday effect, Faster-than-light, Ferroelectricity, Field effect (chemistry), Film capacitor, Finite-difference time-domain method, FlowFET, Force, Franz–Keldysh effect, Fresnel equations, Fresnel zone antenna, Function of several real variables, Gauss's law, Gaussian units, Glass-ceramic, Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering, Ground constants, Ground-penetrating radar, Gutmann method, GW approximation, Havriliak–Negami relaxation, Heat transfer physics, History of electromagnetic theory, History of metamaterials, HiWish program, Huygens (spacecraft), Index of electronics articles, Index of physics articles (L), Index of physics articles (P), Industrial Tomography Systems, Interface conditions for electromagnetic fields, International System of Electrical and Magnetic Units, Introduction to the mathematics of general relativity, Johnson–Nyquist noise, Kerr effect, Kohn anomaly, Kramers–Kronig relations, Lanthanum ytterbium oxide, Lindhard theory, List of common physics notations, List of electromagnetism equations, List of letters used in mathematics and science, List of materials properties, List of photonics equations, List of physical quantities, List of Russian chemists, List of Russian people, List of Russian scientists, Lithium battery, Lorentz–Heaviside units, Low-κ dielectric, Luminiferous aether, Lyddane–Sachs–Teller relation, Magnetic flux, Magnetism, Magneto-optic effect, Magneto-optic Kerr effect, Mathematical descriptions of opacity, Matrix representation of Maxwell's equations, Maxwell's equations, Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars polarization, Measuring instrument, Measuring moisture content using time-domain reflectometry, Mercury probe, Metamaterial, Metamaterial absorber, Metamaterial antenna, Metamaterial cloaking, Microelectrophoresis, Microwave cavity, Microwave imaging, Mie scattering, MIS capacitor, Mobile phone radiation and health, Molecular dynamics, Mott–Bethe formula, Nanophotonic resonator, Nanophotonics, Negative refraction, Negative-index metamaterial, Niobium capacitor, Non-line-of-sight propagation, Nonlinear metamaterial, Oliver Heaviside, Optical conductivity, Optical medium, Optical metric, Orthotropic material, Outline of physics, Paper, P–n junction, Peco (unit), Perfectly matched layer, Permeability (electromagnetism), Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics), Phoenix (spacecraft), Photo-reflectance, Photonic metamaterial, Physical property, Piezoelectricity, Planar transmission line, Planck constant, Plane of polarization, Plasmonic metamaterial, Plasmonic nanoparticles, Plasmonic solar cell, Poisson's equation, Polarizability, Polarizable vacuum, Polarization density, Poole–Frenkel effect, Power MOSFET, Power-to-weight ratio, Poynting vector, Propylene carbonate, Pseudo Jahn–Teller effect, Quadrupole, Radiation-absorbent material, Radio wave, Radioglaciology, Random phase approximation, Reciprocity (electromagnetism), Refractive index, Relative permittivity, Resonant inductive coupling, Rotational Brownian motion, Rydberg constant, Scalloped topography, Sculptured thin film, Sea ice emissivity modelling, Sedimentation potential, Seismic metamaterial, Self-healing hydrogels, Skin effect, Smart label, Space charge, Spatial dispersion, Speed of electricity, Streaming current, Supercapacitor, Superheated water, Superinsulator, Superlens, Surface plasmon polariton, Surface plasmon resonance, Surface wave, Tantalum capacitor, Tantalum(V) ethoxide, Tensor, Terahertz metamaterial, Tesla coil, Thomson scattering, Threshold voltage, Titanium nitride, Transformation optics, Transverse isotropy, Tunable metamaterial, Vacuum, Vacuum permittivity, Van der Waals radius, Victor Veselago, Vladana Likar-Smiljanić, Water model, Water on Mars, Water vapor, Wave impedance, Waveguide, Waveguide filter, Wavenumber, Zenneck wave. 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A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field
"A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" is a paper by James Clerk Maxwell on electromagnetism, published in 1865.
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Acoustic attenuation
Acoustic attenuation is a measure of the energy loss of sound propagation in media.
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Acoustic metamaterial
An acoustic metamaterial is a material designed to control, direct, and manipulate sound waves as these might occur in gases, liquids, and solids.
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Acousto-optics
Acousto-optics is a branch of physics that studies the interactions between sound waves and light waves, especially the diffraction of laser light by ultrasound (or sound in general) through an ultrasonic grating.
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Admittance and conductance in cardiac performance
There is an established practice of using the electrical conductance of blood (PV loops) in heart ventricles to determine the instantaneous volume of the ventricle.
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Advanced wave
Advanced wave is also referred as advanced potential, advanced field and advanced solution.
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Aluminum electrolytic capacitor
Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are polarized electrolytic capacitors whose anode electrode (+) is made of a pure aluminum foil with an etched surface.
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Antenna (radio)
In radio, an antenna is the interface between radio waves propagating through space and electric currents moving in metal conductors, used with a transmitter or receiver.
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Artificial dielectrics
Artificial dielectrics are fabricated electromagnetic materials consisting of synthetic substances, usually constructed in an orderly arrangement, such as arrays.
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Atomic layer deposition
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a thin-film deposition technique based on the sequential use of a gas phase chemical process.
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Bacterial adhesion in aquatic system
Bacterial adhesion involves the attachment (or deposition) of bacteria on the surface (solid, gel layer, etc.). This interaction plays an important role in natural system as well as in environmental engineering.
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Balanced line
In telecommunications and professional audio, a balanced line or balanced signal pair is a transmission line consisting of two conductors of the same type, each of which have equal impedances along their lengths and equal impedances to ground and to other circuits.
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Barium titanate
Barium titanate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula BaTiO3.
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Biology Monte Carlo method
Biology Monte Carlo methods (BioMOCA) have been developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to simulate ion transport in an electrolyte environment through ion channels or nano-pores embedded in membranes.
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Birefringence
Birefringence is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light.
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Bound water
In hydrology, bound water, is an extremely thin layer of water surrounding mineral surfaces.
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Branches of physics
Physics deals with the combination of matter and energy.
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Brendan Scaife
Brendan Kevin Patrick Scaife FTCD, MRIA, Boyle Laureate (born 19 May 1928), is an Irish academic engineer and physicist who carried out pioneering work on the theory of dielectrics.
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Capacitance
Capacitance is the ratio of the change in an electric charge in a system to the corresponding change in its electric potential.
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Capacitance probe
Capacitance sensors (or Dielectric sensors) use capacitance to measure the dielectric permittivity of a surrounding medium.
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Capacitor
A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores potential energy in an electric field.
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Capacitor plague
The capacitor plague was a problem related to a higher-than-expected failure rate of non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitors, between 1999 and 2007, especially those from some Taiwanese manufacturers, due to faulty electrolyte composition that caused corrosion accompanied by gas generation, often rupturing the case of the capacitor from the build-up of pressure.
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Capacitor types
Capacitors are manufactured in many forms, styles, lengths, girths, and from many materials.
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Cartesian tensor
In geometry and linear algebra, a Cartesian tensor uses an orthonormal basis to represent a tensor in a Euclidean space in the form of components.
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Casius quadrangle
The Casius quadrangle is one of a series of 30 quadrangle maps of Mars used by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Astrogeology Research Program.
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Cavity perturbation theory
Cavity perturbation theory describes methods for derivation of perturbation formulae for performance changes of a cavity resonator.
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Ceramic capacitor
A ceramic capacitor is a fixed-value capacitor in which ceramic material acts as the dielectric.
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Cherenkov radiation
Cherenkov radiation (sometimes spelled "Cerenkov") is electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle (such as an electron) passes through a dielectric medium at a speed greater than the phase velocity of light in that medium.
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Circuit quantum electrodynamics
Circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) provides a means of studying the fundamental interaction between light and matter.
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Classical electromagnetism and special relativity
The theory of special relativity plays an important role in the modern theory of classical electromagnetism.
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Classical electron radius
The classical electron radius is a combination of fundamental physical quantities that define a length scale for problems involving electrons interacting with electromagnetic radiation.
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Clausius–Mossotti relation
The Clausius–Mossotti relation expresses the dielectric constant (relative permittivity) εr of a material in terms of the atomic polarizibility α of the material's constituent atoms and/or molecules, or a homogeneous mixture thereof.
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Coaxial cable
Cross-sectional view of a coaxial cable Coaxial cable, or coax (pronounced), is a type of electrical cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield.
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Common surface features of Mars
The common surface features of Mars include dark slope streaks, dust devil tracks, sand dunes, Medusae Fossae Formation, fretted terrain, layers, gullies, glaciers, scalloped topography, chaos terrain, possible ancient rivers, pedestal craters, brain terrain, and ring mold craters.
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Constitutive equation
In physics and engineering, a constitutive equation or constitutive relation is a relation between two physical quantities (especially kinetic quantities as related to kinematic quantities) that is specific to a material or substance, and approximates the response of that material to external stimuli, usually as applied fields or forces.
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COSMO solvation model
COSMO is the abbreviation for "COnductor-like Screening MOdel", a calculation method for determining the electrostatic interaction of a molecule with a solvent.
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Coulomb blockade
A Coulomb blockade will also be observed when making the device very small (like a quantum dot).
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Coulomb's law
Coulomb's law, or Coulomb's inverse-square law, is a law of physics for quantifying the amount of force with which stationary electrically charged particles repel or attract each other.
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Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism
The covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism refers to ways of writing the laws of classical electromagnetism (in particular, Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force) in a form that is manifestly invariant under Lorentz transformations, in the formalism of special relativity using rectilinear inertial coordinate systems.
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Cross section (physics)
When two particles interact, their mutual cross section is the area transverse to their relative motion within which they must meet in order to scatter from each other.
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Crystal
A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.
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Crystal optics
Crystal optics is the branch of optics that describes the behaviour of light in anisotropic media, that is, media (such as crystals) in which light behaves differently depending on which direction the light is propagating.
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Dielectric
A dielectric (or dielectric material) is an electrical insulator that can be polarized by an applied electric field.
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Dielectric absorption
Dielectric absorption is the name given to the effect by which a capacitor, that has been charged for a long time, discharges only incompletely when briefly discharged.
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Dielectric heating
Dielectric heating, also known as electronic heating, RF (radio frequency) heating, and high-frequency heating, is the process in which a radio frequency alternating electric field, or radio wave or microwave electromagnetic radiation heats a dielectric material.
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Dielectric loss
Dielectric loss quantifies a dielectric material's inherent dissipation of electromagnetic energy (e.g. heat).
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Dielectric resonator
A dielectric resonator is a piece of dielectric (nonconductive) material, usually ceramic, that is designed to function as a resonator for radio waves, generally in the microwave and millimeter wave bands.
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Dielectric spectroscopy
Dielectric spectroscopy (which falls in a subcategory of impedance spectroscopy) measures the dielectric properties of a medium as a function of frequency.
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Dielectric thermal analysis
Dielectric thermal analysis (DETA), or dielectric analysis (DEA), is a materials science technique similar to dynamic mechanical analysis except that an oscillating electrical field is used instead of a mechanical force.
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Diffusiophoresis and diffusioosmosis
Diffusiophoresis is the spontaneous motion of colloidal particles or molecules in a fluid, induced by a concentration gradient of a different substance.
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Dimensional analysis
In engineering and science, dimensional analysis is the analysis of the relationships between different physical quantities by identifying their base quantities (such as length, mass, time, and electric charge) and units of measure (such as miles vs. kilometers, or pounds vs. kilograms) and tracking these dimensions as calculations or comparisons are performed.
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Dimethoxyethane
Dimethoxyethane, also known as glyme, monoglyme, dimethyl glycol, dimethyl ether, dimethyl cellosolve, and DME, is a colorless, aprotic, and liquid ether that is used as a solvent, especially in batteries.
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Displacement current
In electromagnetism, displacement current density is the quantity appearing in Maxwell's equations that is defined in terms of the rate of change of, the electric displacement field.
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Dissipation factor
In physics, the dissipation factor (DF) is a measure of loss-rate of energy of a mode of oscillation (mechanical, electrical, or electromechanical) in a dissipative system.
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DNA-functionalized quantum dots
DNA-functionalization of quantum dots is the attachment of strands of DNA to the surface of a quantum dot.
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DNG
DNG can have the following meanings.
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Double layer (surface science)
A double layer (DL, also called an electrical double layer, EDL) is a structure that appears on the surface of an object when it is exposed to a fluid.
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Double-layer capacitance
Double-layer capacitance is the storing of electrical energy by means of the electrical double layer effect.
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Drug delivery to the brain
Drug delivery to the brain is the process of passing therapeutically active molecules across the blood–brain barrier for the purpose of treating brain maladies.
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Dual-band blade antenna
Dual-Band Blade Antenna, a type of commercial RF "Blade antenna" that uses a "plane and slot design" to get efficient omni-directional coverage at two distinctly different RF bands.
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Duality (electricity and magnetism)
In physics, the electromagnetic dual concept is based on the idea that, in the static case, electromagnetism has two separate facets: electric fields and magnetic fields.
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Dukhin number
The Dukhin number is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the contribution of the surface conductivity to various electrokinetic and electroacoustic effects, as well as to electrical conductivity and permittivity of fluid heterogeneous systems.
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Dyakonov surface waves
In 1988, the Russian Soviet physicist Mikhail (Michel) I. Dyakonov has theoretically predicted a new class of surface electromagnetic waves, now called Dyakonov surface waves (DSWs).
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EEStor
EEStor is a company based in Cedar Park, Texas, United States that claims to have developed a solid state polymer capacitor for electricity storage.
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Elastance
Electrical elastance is the inverse of capacitance.
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Electric dipole moment
The electric dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges within a system, that is, a measure of the system's overall polarity.
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Electric displacement field
In physics, the electric displacement field, denoted by D, is a vector field that appears in Maxwell's equations.
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Electric field
An electric field is a vector field surrounding an electric charge that exerts force on other charges, attracting or repelling them.
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Electric flux
In electromagnetism, electric flux is the measure of flow of the electric field through a given area.
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Electric susceptibility
In electricity (electromagnetism), the electric susceptibility (\chi_; Latin: susceptibilis "receptive") is a dimensionless proportionality constant that indicates the degree of polarization of a dielectric material in response to an applied electric field.
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Electric-field integral equation
The electric-field integral equation is a relationship that allows the calculation of an electric field (E) generated by an electric current distribution (J).
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Electric-field screening
In physics, screening is the damping of electric fields caused by the presence of mobile charge carriers.
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Electrical capacitance tomography
Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a method for determination of the dielectric permittivity distribution in the interior of an object from external capacitance measurements.
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Electrical capacitance volume tomography
Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) is a non-invasive 3D imaging technology applied primarily to multiphase flows.
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Electrical impedance tomography
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a noninvasive type of medical imaging in which the electrical conductivity, permittivity, and impedance of a part of the body is inferred from surface electrode measurements and used to form a tomographic image of that part.
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Electrical length
In telecommunications and electrical engineering, electrical length (or phase length) refers to the length of an electrical conductor in terms of the phase shift introduced by transmission over that conductor at some frequency.
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Electrical resistivity and conductivity
Electrical resistivity (also known as resistivity, specific electrical resistance, or volume resistivity) is a fundamental property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current.
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Electro-optic effect
An electro-optic effect is a change in the optical properties of a material in response to an electric field that varies slowly compared with the frequency of light.
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Electroactive polymers
Electroactive polymers, or EAPs, are polymers that exhibit a change in size or shape when stimulated by an electric field.
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Electrokinematics theorem
The electrokinematics theoremPellegrini, B.(1993), "Extension of the electrokinematics theorem to the electromagnetic field and quantum mechanics", Il Nuovo Cimento 15 D: 855–879.
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Electrolytic capacitor
An electrolytic capacitor (e-cap) is a polarized capacitor whose anode or positive plate is made of a metal that forms an insulating oxide layer through anodization.
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Electromagnetic field
An electromagnetic field (also EMF or EM field) is a physical field produced by electrically charged objects.
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Electromagnetic suspension
Electromagnetic suspension (EMS) is the magnetic levitation of an object achieved by constantly altering the strength of a magnetic field produced by electromagnets using a feedback loop.
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Electromagnetic wave equation
The electromagnetic wave equation is a second-order partial differential equation that describes the propagation of electromagnetic waves through a medium or in a vacuum.
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Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism is a branch of physics involving the study of the electromagnetic force, a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles.
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Electron-refractive effect
The electron-refractive effect or Electron Induced Permittivity Modification (EIPM) is an electro-optic effect observed in some crystals and amorphous materials, such as chalcogenide glasses and oxides, where the permittivity reduces or increases when the material is illuminated by high energy electrons, typically from an transmission electron microscope or scanning electron microscope.
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Electrophoretic light scattering
Electrophoretic light scattering (also known as laser Doppler electrophoresis or phase analysis light scattering) is based on dynamic light scattering.
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Electrorotation
Electrorotation is the circular movement of an electrically polarized particle.
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Electrostatics
Electrostatics is a branch of physics that studies electric charges at rest.
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Ellipsometry
Ellipsometry is an optical technique for investigating the dielectric properties (complex refractive index or dielectric function) of thin films.
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Epsilon
Epsilon (uppercase Ε, lowercase ε or lunate ϵ; έψιλον) is the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, corresponding phonetically to a mid<!-- not close-mid, see Arvanti (1999) - Illustrations of the IPA: Modern Greek. --> front unrounded vowel.
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Epsilon-negative material
An epsilon-negative material is one with a positive permeability but a negative permittivity.
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Eric Mazur
Eric Mazur (born November 14, 1954) is a physicist and educator at Harvard University, and an entrepreneur in technology start-ups for the educational and technology markets.
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Ethylene carbonate
Ethylene carbonate (sometimes abbreviated EC) is the organic compound with the formula (CH2O)2CO.
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Faddeeva function
The Faddeeva function or Kramp function is a scaled complex complementary error function, It is related to the Fresnel integral, to Dawson's integral, and to the Voigt function.
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Faraday effect
In physics, the Faraday effect or Faraday rotation is a magneto-optical phenomenon—that is, an interaction between light and a magnetic field in a medium.
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Faster-than-light
Faster-than-light (also superluminal or FTL) communication and travel are the conjectural propagation of information or matter faster than the speed of light.
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Ferroelectricity
Ferroelectricity is a characteristic of certain materials that have a spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by the application of an external electric field.
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Field effect (chemistry)
A field effect is the polarization of a molecule through space.
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Film capacitor
Film capacitors, plastic film capacitors, film dielectric capacitors, or polymer film capacitors, generically called “film caps” as well as power film capacitors, are electrical capacitors with an insulating plastic film as the dielectric, sometimes combined with paper as carrier of the electrodes.
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Finite-difference time-domain method
Finite-difference time-domain or Yee's method (named after the Chinese American applied mathematician Kane S. Yee, born 1934) is a numerical analysis technique used for modeling computational electrodynamics (finding approximate solutions to the associated system of differential equations).
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FlowFET
A flowFET is a microfluidic component which allows the rate of flow of liquid in a microfluidic channel to be modulated by the electrical potential applied to it.
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Force
In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.
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Franz–Keldysh effect
The Franz–Keldysh effect is a change in optical absorption by a semiconductor when an electric field is applied.
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Fresnel equations
The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel coefficients) describe the reflection and transmission of light (or electromagnetic radiation in general) when incident on an interface between different optical media.
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Fresnel zone antenna
Fresnel zone antennas are reflector antennas that focus the signal by using the phase shifting property of the antenna surface, rather than its shape.
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Function of several real variables
In mathematical analysis, and applications in geometry, applied mathematics, engineering, natural sciences, and economics, a function of several real variables or real multivariate function is a function with more than one argument, with all arguments being real variables.
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Gauss's law
In physics, Gauss's law, also known as Gauss's flux theorem, is a law relating the distribution of electric charge to the resulting electric field.
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Gaussian units
Gaussian units constitute a metric system of physical units.
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Glass-ceramic
Glass-ceramics have an amorphous phase and one or more crystalline phases and are produced by a so-called "controlled crystallization" in contrast to a spontaneous crystallization, which is usually not wanted in glass manufacturing.
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Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering
Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities.
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Ground constants
In telecommunication, ground constants are the electrical parameters of earth, such as conductivity, permittivity, and magnetic permeability.
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Ground-penetrating radar
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that uses radar pulses to image the subsurface.
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Gutmann method
The Gutmann method is an algorithm for securely erasing the contents of computer hard disk drives, such as files.
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GW approximation
The GW approximation (GWA) is an approximation made in order to calculate the self-energy of a many-body system of electrons.
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Havriliak–Negami relaxation
Havriliak–Negami relaxation is an empirical modification of the Debye relaxation model, accounting for the asymmetry and broadness of the dielectric dispersion curve.
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Heat transfer physics
Heat transfer physics describes the kinetics of energy storage, transport, and energy transformation by principal energy carriers: phonons (lattice vibration waves), electrons, fluid particles, and photons.
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History of electromagnetic theory
The history of electromagnetic theory begins with ancient measures to understand atmospheric electricity, in particular lightning.
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History of metamaterials
The history of metamaterials begins with artificial dielectrics in microwave engineering as it developed just after World War II.
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HiWish program
HiWish is a program created by NASA so that anyone can suggest a place for the HiRISE camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter to photograph.
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Huygens (spacecraft)
Huygens was an atmospheric entry probe that landed successfully on Saturn's moon Titan in 2005.
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Index of electronics articles
This is an index of articles relating to electronics and electricity or natural electricity and things that run on electricity and things that use or conduct electricity.
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Index of physics articles (L)
The index of physics articles is split into multiple pages due to its size.
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Index of physics articles (P)
The index of physics articles is split into multiple pages due to its size.
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Industrial Tomography Systems
Industrial Tomography Systems plc, occasionally abbreviated to ITOMS or simply ITS, is a manufacturer of process visualization systems based upon the principles of tomography.
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Interface conditions for electromagnetic fields
Interface conditions describe the behaviour of electromagnetic fields; electric field, electric displacement field, and the magnetic field at the interface of two materials.
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International System of Electrical and Magnetic Units
The International System of Electrical and Magnetic Units is an obsolete system of units used for measuring electrical and magnetic quantities.
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Introduction to the mathematics of general relativity
The mathematics of general relativity is complex.
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Johnson–Nyquist noise
Johnson–Nyquist noise (thermal noise, Johnson noise, or Nyquist noise) is the electronic noise generated by the thermal agitation of the charge carriers (usually the electrons) inside an electrical conductor at equilibrium, which happens regardless of any applied voltage.
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Kerr effect
The Kerr effect, also called the quadratic electro-optic (QEO) effect, is a change in the refractive index of a material in response to an applied electric field.
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Kohn anomaly
A Kohn anomaly is an anomaly in the dispersion relation of a phonon branch in a metal.
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Kramers–Kronig relations
The Kramers–Kronig relations are bidirectional mathematical relations, connecting the real and imaginary parts of any complex function that is analytic in the upper half-plane.
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Lanthanum ytterbium oxide
Lanthanum ytterbium oxide is a solid inorganic compound of lanthanum, ytterbium and oxygen with the chemical formula of LaYbO3.
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Lindhard theory
Lindhard theoryN.
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List of common physics notations
This is a list of common physical constants and variables, and their notations.
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List of electromagnetism equations
This article summarizes equations in the theory of electromagnetism.
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List of letters used in mathematics and science
Latin and Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities.
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List of materials properties
A material's property (or material property) is an intensive property of some material, i.e. a physical property that does not depend on the amount of the material.
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List of photonics equations
This article summarizes equations in the theory of photonics, including geometric optics, physical optics, radiometry, diffraction, and interferometry.
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List of physical quantities
This is a list of physical quantity The first table lists the base quantities use in the International System of Units to define the physical dimension of physical quantities for dimensional analysis.
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List of Russian chemists
This list of Russian chemists includes the famous chemists and material scientists of the Russian Federation, the Soviet Union, the Russian Empire and other predecessor states of Russia.
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List of Russian people
This is a list of people associated with the modern Russian Federation, the Soviet Union, Imperial Russia, Russian Tsardom, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and other predecessor states of Russia.
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List of Russian scientists
Alona Soschen.
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Lithium battery
Lithium batteries are primary batteries that have lithium as an anode.
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Lorentz–Heaviside units
Lorentz–Heaviside units (or Heaviside–Lorentz units) constitute a system of units (particularly electromagnetic units) within CGS, named for Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Oliver Heaviside.
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Low-κ dielectric
In semiconductor manufacturing, a low-κ is a material with a small dielectric constant relative to silicon dioxide.
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Luminiferous aether
In the late 19th century, luminiferous aether or ether ("luminiferous", meaning "light-bearing"), was the postulated medium for the propagation of light.
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Lyddane–Sachs–Teller relation
In condensed matter physics, the Lyddane–Sachs–Teller relation (or LST relation) determines the ratio of the natural frequency of longitudinal optic lattice vibrations (phonons) (\omega_L) of an ion crystal to the natural frequency of the transverse optical lattice vibration (\omega_T) for long wavelengths (zero wavevector).
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Magnetic flux
In physics, specifically electromagnetism, the magnetic flux (often denoted or) through a surface is the surface integral of the normal component of the magnetic field B passing through that surface.
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Magnetism
Magnetism is a class of physical phenomena that are mediated by magnetic fields.
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Magneto-optic effect
A magneto-optic effect is any one of a number of phenomena in which an electromagnetic wave propagates through a medium that has been altered by the presence of a quasistatic magnetic field.
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Magneto-optic Kerr effect
In physics the magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) or the surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE) is one of the magneto-optic effects.
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Mathematical descriptions of opacity
When an electromagnetic wave travels through a medium in which it gets attenuated (this is called an "opaque" or "attenuating" medium), it undergoes exponential decay as described by the Beer–Lambert law.
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Matrix representation of Maxwell's equations
In electromagnetism, a branch of fundamental physics, the matrix representations of the Maxwell's equations are a formulation of Maxwell's equations using matrices, complex numbers, and vector calculus.
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Maxwell's equations
Maxwell's equations are a set of partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of classical electromagnetism, classical optics, and electric circuits.
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Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars polarization
In dielectric spectroscopy, large frequency dependent contributions to the dielectric response, especially at low frequencies, may come from build-ups of charge.
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Measuring instrument
A measuring instrument is a device for measuring a physical quantity.
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Measuring moisture content using time-domain reflectometry
Time-domain reflectometry or TDR is a measurement technique which correlates the frequency-dependent electric and dielectric properties of materials such as soil, agrarian products, snow, wood or concrete to their moisture content.
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Mercury probe
The mercury probe is an electrical probing device to make rapid, non-destructive contact to a sample for electrical characterization.
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Metamaterial
A metamaterial (from the Greek word μετά meta, meaning "beyond") is a material engineered to have a property that is not found in nature.
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Metamaterial absorber
A metamaterial absorber is a type of metamaterial intended to efficiently absorb electromagnetic radiation such as light.
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Metamaterial antenna
Metamaterial antennas are a class of antennas which use metamaterials to increase performance of miniaturized (electrically small) antenna systems.
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Metamaterial cloaking
Metamaterial cloaking is the usage of metamaterials in an invisibility cloak.
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Microelectrophoresis
Microelectrophoresis is a method of studying electrophoresis of various dispersed particles using optical microscopy.
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Microwave cavity
A microwave cavity or radio frequency (RF) cavity is a special type of resonator, consisting of a closed (or largely closed) metal structure that confines electromagnetic fields in the microwave region of the spectrum.
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Microwave imaging
Microwave imaging is a science which has been evolved from older detecting/locating techniques (e.g., radar) in order to evaluate hidden or embedded objects in a structure (or media)using electromagnetic (EM) waves in microwave regime (i.e., ~300 MHz-300 GHz).
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Mie scattering
The Mie solution to Maxwell's equations (also known as the Lorenz–Mie solution, the Lorenz–Mie–Debye solution or Mie scattering) describes the scattering of an electromagnetic plane wave by a homogeneous sphere.
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MIS capacitor
A MIS capacitor is a capacitor formed from a layer of metal, a layer of insulating material and a layer of semiconductor material.
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Mobile phone radiation and health
The effect of mobile phone radiation on human health is a subject of interest and study worldwide, as a result of the enormous increase in mobile phone usage throughout the world.
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Molecular dynamics
Molecular dynamics (MD) is a computer simulation method for studying the physical movements of atoms and molecules.
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Mott–Bethe formula
The Mott–Bethe formula is used to calculate electron form factors from X-ray form factors.
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Nanophotonic resonator
A nanophotonic resonator or nanocavity is an optical cavity which is on the order of tens to hundreds of nanometers in size.
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Nanophotonics
Nanophotonics or nano-optics is the study of the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, and of the interaction of nanometer-scale objects with light.
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Negative refraction
Negative refraction is the name for an electromagnetic phenomenon where light rays are refracted at an interface in the reverse sense to that normally expected.
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Negative-index metamaterial
Negative-index metamaterial or negative-index material (NIM) is a metamaterial whose refractive index for an electromagnetic wave has a negative value over some frequency range.
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Niobium capacitor
A niobium electrolytic capacitor is a polarized capacitor whose anode electrode (+) is made of passivated niobium metal or niobium monoxide on which an insulating niobium pentoxide layer acts as the dielectric of the niobium capacitor.
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Non-line-of-sight propagation
Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and near-line-of-sight are radio transmissions across a path that is partially obstructed, usually by a physical object in the innermost Fresnel zone.
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Nonlinear metamaterial
A nonlinear metamaterial is an artificially constructed material that can exhibit properties not found in nature.
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Oliver Heaviside
Oliver Heaviside FRS (18 May 1850 – 3 February 1925) was an English self-taught electrical engineer, mathematician, and physicist who adapted complex numbers to the study of electrical circuits, invented mathematical techniques for the solution of differential equations (equivalent to Laplace transforms), reformulated Maxwell's field equations in terms of electric and magnetic forces and energy flux, and independently co-formulated vector analysis.
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Optical conductivity
The optical conductivity is a material property, which links the current density to the electric field for general frequencies.
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Optical medium
An optical medium is material through which electromagnetic waves propagate.
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Optical metric
The Optical Metric was defined by German theoretical physicist Walter Gordon in 1923 to study the geometrical optics in curved space-time filled with moving dielectric materials.
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Orthotropic material
In material science and solid mechanics, orthotropic materials have material properties that differ along three mutually-orthogonal twofold axes of rotational symmetry.
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Outline of physics
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to physics: Physics – natural science that involves the study of matterRichard Feynman begins his ''Lectures'' with the atomic hypothesis, as his most compact statement of all scientific knowledge: "If, in some cataclysm, all of scientific knowledge were to be destroyed, and only one sentence passed on to the next generations..., what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is...
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Paper
Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets.
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P–n junction
A p–n junction is a boundary or interface between two types of semiconductor materials, p-type and n-type, inside a single crystal of semiconductor.
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Peco (unit)
peco is the unit of measurement of the dielectric properties of concrete and other hydrating materials.
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Perfectly matched layer
A perfectly matched layer (PML) is an artificial absorbing layer for wave equations, commonly used to truncate computational regions in numerical methods to simulate problems with open boundaries, especially in the FDTD and FE methods.
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Permeability (electromagnetism)
In electromagnetism, permeability is the measure of the ability of a material to support the formation of a magnetic field within itself.
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Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler one.
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Phoenix (spacecraft)
Phoenix was a robotic spacecraft on a space exploration mission on Mars under the Mars Scout Program.
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Photo-reflectance
Photo-reflectance is an optical technique for investigating the material and electronic properties of thin films.
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Photonic metamaterial
A photonic metamaterial (PM), also known as an optical metamaterial, is a type of electromagnetic metamaterial, that interacts with light, covering terahertz (THz), infrared (IR) or visible wavelengths.
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Physical property
A physical property is any property that is measurable, whose value describes a state of a physical system.
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Piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity is the electric charge that accumulates in certain solid materials (such as crystals, certain ceramics, and biological matter such as bone, DNA and various proteins) in response to applied mechanical stress.
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Planar transmission line
Planar transmission lines are transmission lines with conductors, or in some cases dielectric strips, that are flat, ribbon-shaped lines.
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Planck constant
The Planck constant (denoted, also called Planck's constant) is a physical constant that is the quantum of action, central in quantum mechanics.
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Plane of polarization
The term plane of polarization refers to the direction of polarization of linearly-polarized light or other electromagnetic radiation.
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Plasmonic metamaterial
A plasmonic metamaterial is a metamaterial that uses surface plasmons to achieve optical properties not seen in nature.
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Plasmonic nanoparticles
Plasmonic nanoparticles are particles whose electron density can couple with electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths that are far larger than the particle due to the nature of the dielectric-metal interface between the medium and the particles: unlike in a pure metal where there is a maximum limit on what size wavelength can be effectively coupled based on the material size.
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Plasmonic solar cell
A plasmonic-enhanced solar cell is a type of solar cell (including thin-film, crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, and other types of cells) that convert light into electricity with the assistance of plasmons.
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Poisson's equation
In mathematics, Poisson's equation is a partial differential equation of elliptic type with broad utility in mechanical engineering and theoretical physics.
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Polarizability
Polarizability is the ability to form instantaneous dipoles.
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Polarizable vacuum
Gravitation can be described via a scalar theory of gravitation, using a stratified conformally flat metric, in which the field equation arises from the notion that the vacuum behaves like an optical polarizable medium.
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Polarization density
In classical electromagnetism, polarization density (or electric polarization, or simply polarization) is the vector field that expresses the density of permanent or induced electric dipole moments in a dielectric material.
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Poole–Frenkel effect
In solid-state physics, the Poole–Frenkel effect (also known as Frenkel-Poole emissionSze, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 2nd edition, Section 7.3.4.) is a means by which an electrical insulator can conduct electricity.
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Power MOSFET
A power MOSFET is a specific type of metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) designed to handle significant power levels.
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Power-to-weight ratio
Power-to-weight ratio (or specific power or power-to-mass ratio) is a calculation commonly applied to engines and mobile power sources to enable the comparison of one unit or design to another.
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Poynting vector
In physics, the Poynting vector represents the directional energy flux (the energy transfer per unit area per unit time) of an electromagnetic field.
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Propylene carbonate
Propylene carbonate (often abbreviated PC) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C2H3O2CO.
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Pseudo Jahn–Teller effect
The pseudo Jahn–Teller effect (PJTE), occasionally also known as second-order JTE, is a direct extension of the Jahn–Teller effect (JTE) where spontaneous symmetry breaking in polyatomic systems (molecules and solids) occurs even in nondegenerate electronic states under the influence of sufficiently low-lying excited states of appropriate symmetry.
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Quadrupole
A quadrupole or quadrapole is one of a sequence of configurations of things like electric charge or current, or gravitational mass that can exist in ideal form, but it is usually just part of a multipole expansion of a more complex structure reflecting various orders of complexity.
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Radiation-absorbent material
Radiation-absorbent material, usually known as RAM, is a material which has been specially designed and shaped to absorb incident RF radiation (also known as non-ionising radiation), as effectively as possible, from as many incident directions as possible.
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Radio wave
Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light.
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Radioglaciology
Radioglaciology is the study of glaciers and ice sheets using radar.
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Random phase approximation
The random phase approximation (RPA) is an approximation method in condensed matter physics and in nuclear physics.
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Reciprocity (electromagnetism)
In classical electromagnetism, reciprocity refers to a variety of related theorems involving the interchange of time-harmonic electric current densities (sources) and the resulting electromagnetic fields in Maxwell's equations for time-invariant linear media under certain constraints.
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Refractive index
In optics, the refractive index or index of refraction of a material is a dimensionless number that describes how light propagates through that medium.
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Relative permittivity
The relative permittivity of a material is its (absolute) permittivity expressed as a ratio relative to the permittivity of vacuum.
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Resonant inductive coupling
Resonant inductive coupling or magnetic phase synchronous coupling is a phenomenon with inductive coupling where the coupling becomes stronger when the "secondary" (load-bearing) side of the loosely coupled coil resonates.
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Rotational Brownian motion
Rotational Brownian motion is the random change in the orientation of a polar molecule due to collisions with other molecules.
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Rydberg constant
The Rydberg constant, symbol R∞ for heavy atoms or RH for hydrogen, named after the Swedish physicist Johannes Rydberg, is a physical constant relating to atomic spectra, in the science of spectroscopy.
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Scalloped topography
Scalloped topography is common in the mid-latitudes of Mars, between 45° and 60° north and south.
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Sculptured thin film
Sculptured thin films (STFs) are nanostructured materials with unidirectionally varying properties that can be designed and realized in a controllable manner using variants of physical vapor deposition.
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Sea ice emissivity modelling
With increased interest in sea ice and its effects on the global climate, efficient methods are required to monitor both its extent and exchange processes.
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Sedimentation potential
Sedimentation potential occurs when dispersed particles move under the influence of either gravity or centrifugation in a medium.
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Seismic metamaterial
A seismic metamaterial, is a metamaterial that is designed to counteract the adverse effects of seismic waves on artificial structures, which exist on or near the surface of the earth.
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Self-healing hydrogels
Self-healing hydrogels are a specialized type of polymer hydrogel.
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Skin effect
Skin effect is the tendency of an alternating electric current (AC) to become distributed within a conductor such that the current density is largest near the surface of the conductor, and decreases with greater depths in the conductor.
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Smart label
Smart Label, also called Smart Tag, is an extremely flat configured transponder under a conventional print-coded label, which includes chip, antenna and bonding wires as a so-called inlay.
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Space charge
Space charge is a concept in which excess electric charge is treated as a continuum of charge distributed over a region of space (either a volume or an area) rather than distinct point-like charges.
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Spatial dispersion
In the physics of continuous media, spatial dispersion is a phenomenon where material parameters such as permittivity or conductivity have dependence on wavevector.
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Speed of electricity
The word electricity refers generally to the movement of electrons (or other charge carriers) through a conductor in the presence of potential and an electric field.
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Streaming current
A streaming current and streaming potential are two interrelated electrokinetic phenomena studied in the areas of surface chemistry and electrochemistry.
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Supercapacitor
A supercapacitor (SC) (also called a supercap, ultracapacitor or Goldcap) is a high-capacity capacitor with capacitance values much higher than other capacitors (but lower voltage limits) that bridge the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries.
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Superheated water
Superheated water is liquid water under pressure at temperatures between the usual boiling point, and the critical temperature,.
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Superinsulator
A superinsulator is a material that at low temperatures under certain conditions has an infinite resistance and no current will pass through it.
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Superlens
A superlens, or super lens, is a lens which uses metamaterials to go beyond the diffraction limit.
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Surface plasmon polariton
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are infrared or visible-frequency electromagnetic waves that travel along a metal–dielectric or metal–air interface.
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Surface plasmon resonance
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is the resonant oscillation of conduction electrons at the interface between negative and positive permittivity material stimulated by incident light.
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Surface wave
In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media.
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Tantalum capacitor
A tantalum electrolytic capacitor is an electrolytic capacitor, a passive component of electronic circuits.
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Tantalum(V) ethoxide
Tantalum(V) ethoxide is an metalorganic compound with formula Ta2(OC2H5)10, often abbreviated as Ta2(OEt)10.
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Tensor
In mathematics, tensors are geometric objects that describe linear relations between geometric vectors, scalars, and other tensors.
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Terahertz metamaterial
A terahertz metamaterial is a class of composite metamaterials designed to interact at terahertz (THz) frequencies.
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Tesla coil
A Tesla coil is an electrical resonant transformer circuit designed by inventor Nikola Tesla in 1891.
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Thomson scattering
Thomson scattering is the elastic scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a free charged particle, as described by classical electromagnetism.
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Threshold voltage
The threshold voltage, commonly abbreviated as Vth, of a field-effect transistor (FET) is the minimum gate-to-source voltage VGS (th) that is needed to create a conducting path between the source and drain terminals.
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Titanium nitride
Titanium nitride (sometimes known as tinite) is an extremely hard ceramic material, often used as a coating on titanium alloys, steel, carbide, and aluminium components to improve the substrate's surface properties.
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Transformation optics
Transformation optics applies metamaterials to produce spatial variations, derived from coordinate transformations, which can direct chosen bandwidths of electromagnetic radiation.
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Transverse isotropy
A transversely isotropic material is one with physical properties which are symmetric about an axis that is normal to a plane of isotropy.
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Tunable metamaterial
A tunable metamaterial is a metamaterial with a variable response to an incident electromagnetic wave.
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Vacuum
Vacuum is space devoid of matter.
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Vacuum permittivity
The physical constant (pronounced as "epsilon nought"), commonly called the vacuum permittivity, permittivity of free space or electric constant, is an ideal, (baseline) physical constant, which is the value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum.
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Van der Waals radius
The van der Waals radius, r, of an atom is the radius of an imaginary hard sphere representing the distance of closest approach for another atom.
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Victor Veselago
Victor Georgievich Veselago (born 13 June 1929 in Ukrainian SSR, USSR) is a Russian physicist.
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Vladana Likar-Smiljanić
Vladana Likar-Smiljanić (Владана Ликар-Смиљанић; born 18 July 1943, Belgrade) is a Serbian engineer, educator and book illustrator.
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Water model
In computational chemistry, a water model is used to simulate and thermodynamically calculate water clusters, liquid water, and aqueous solutions with explicit solvent.
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Water on Mars
Almost all water on Mars today exists as ice, though it also exists in small quantities as vapor in the atmosphere and occasionally as low-volume liquid brines in shallow Martian soil.
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Water vapor
No description.
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Wave impedance
The wave impedance of an electromagnetic wave is the ratio of the transverse components of the electric and magnetic fields (the transverse components being those at right angles to the direction of propagation).
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Waveguide
A waveguide is a structure that guides waves, such as electromagnetic waves or sound, with minimal loss of energy by restricting expansion to one dimension or two.
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Waveguide filter
A waveguide filter is an electronic filter that is constructed with waveguide technology.
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Wavenumber
In the physical sciences, the wavenumber (also wave number or repetency) is the spatial frequency of a wave, measured in cycles per unit distance or radians per unit distance.
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Zenneck wave
The Zenneck wave, Zenneck surface wave or Sommerfeld-Zenneck surface wave is an inhomogeneous or non-uniform electromagnetic plane wave incident at the complex Brewster angle onto a planar or spherical boundary interface between two homogeneous media having different dielectric constants.
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Absolute permittivity, Complex permittivity, Dielectric function, Dielectric permittivity, Electric Permittivity, Electric permittivity, Electrical permittivity, Lossy material, Lossy medium, Permativity, Permettivity, Permissivity, Permitivity, Permitivity of Free Space, Permittivities, Permittivity Constant.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permittivity
